METALURGI FISIK

Transformasi Fasa

KURVA PENDINGIN LOGAM MURNI

Cooling Curves
Pure Metals

Alloys
Solidification
or Freezing range

Freezing or
Melting point

Metal A and Metal B

Alloys A + B

Cooling Curves and

Phase Diagram

100%

100%

KURVA PENDINGIN BESI MURNI

Diagram Paduan
1. Digram Paduan Zat larut sempurna
dalam keadaan padat
2. Digram Paduan Zat yang tidak dapat
larut dalam keadaan padat
3. Digram Paduan Zat yang larut
terbatas dalam keadaan padat

Solid solutions

Two metals are completely miscible in the liquid

state, and they remain completely mixed on
solidification.

LS

A single -phase system

Always have a range of possible compositions

e.g. the solid phase in the copper-gold (Cu-Au)

system has a wide range of compositions between
100% Cu and 100% Au

Phase Diagram of
a Solid Solution
All compositions above

alloy 2

LIQUID
olid
S
+
id
Liqu

er ut ar ep meT

the liquidus line are

liquid, and those below
the solidus line are solid.
Solid and liquid exist in
the area between both
line.
The solid has only one
phase.

alloy 1

Metal A
(100%)

liquidus
solidus

SOLID

%composition

Metal B
(100%)

Intermetallic Compounds

The resulting phase has a fixed chemical

composition or a narrow range of compositions.

e.g. in an amalgam alloy,

73.2% Ag and 26.8% Sn Ag3Sn (one phase)
Silver and tin atoms occupying definite positions in the space
lattice.

Phase Diagram of
an Intermetallic Compound

Ag3Sn, 73.2% Ag and 26.8% Sn

Eutectic Alloys

The metals are soluble in the liquid state, but

separate into two phases in the solid state .

L S1 + S2 (= 2 solid solutions)

Phase Diagram of
a Eutectic Alloy

Silver-copper system

L -solid solution + -solid

solution
The lowest temperature at which
any alloy composition is entirely
liquid = Eutectic Temp (779.4C,
E)
The eutectic temperature is lower
than the fusion temperature of
either Ag and Cu.

At eutectic point, there is no

solidification range. (~pure metal)

At eutectic composition (72%Ag +
28% Cu), the two phases often
precipitate as very fine layers of
one phase over the other one.

Eutectic
composition

Silver-copper system

Ag-rich phase

Cu-rich phase

+
eutectic

+ eutectic

Eutectic composition fine layers of

phase over phase

Ex. Lead-Tin Alloy

Eutectic composition

High tin content

+ eutectic

How to read a simple phase

diagram?
(1) Composition of Liquid and Solid Phases at Various
Temp.
(2) Amount of Liquid and Solid Phases at Various
Temp.

Composition of Liquid and Solid

Phases at Various Temp.
Alloy (80%A +20%B)
When
If
Further
an alloy
the
cooling
temperature
of 80%A
to 680C
andreaches
20%B
resultsisin
melted
the
560C,
solidthe
and
with
solid
then
theis
cooled,
composition
80%Aitand
remains
the
90%Acontains
liquid
until
and 760C,
10%B
40%A;
and
at which
the
below
liquid
point
540C
with
the composition
there
solid
is no
(97%A,
liquid60%A
and
3%B)
the
and
begins
solid
40%B.
is
to
precipitate.
80%A.

Amount of Liquid and Solid

Phases at Various Temp.
The relative amounts of
the two phases in the
liquid-solid region can
be determined at a
given temperature by
the inverse lever rule.
At 560C for 60%A
and 40%B composition
Liquid = XY/XZ
Solid = YZ/XZ

Ex. Silver-Palladium System

Diagram Zat Larut Sempurna

Larutan padat subsitusi

Larutan padat interstisi

Diagram Zat yang Tidak Dapat

Larut Dalam Keadaan Padat

Diagram Zat yang Larut Terbatas

Keadaan Padat

Diagram Zat Larut Terbatas

Type Eutectic

Diagram Zat Larut Terbatas

Type Peritectic