lkeqfnzd kkL=kpk bfrgkl

gLrlkeqfnzd kkL=kpk mxe vxnh izkfpudkGh Hkkjrkr >kyk R;kos Gh ;k kkL=kyk vaxfo|k Eg.kr dkj.k gkrkpk fopkj dsyk
tkr ulwu loZ kjhjkpk fopkj dsyk tkr gksrk;k kkL=kpk mYys[k Hkkjrkrhy izkfpu xazFkkr vk<Grks jkek;.k vkf.k egkHkkjrkr gh ;kpk mYys[k vkgs - ;qf/kfBj
ukjn laoknke/;s ;kpk mYys[k dsysyk vkgs- fonwj furh e/;s m|ksx iokZr lk{k ns.;kl ukyk;d iq:kkpk mYys[k djrkuk
lkeqfnzd gk kCn vkysyk vkgs- ,dw.k ;k kkL=kph mRirh Hkkjrkr vxnh vuknh dkGkiklwu izpkjkr vkyh- R;keqGs
ojkgfeghjkpk;kZauh vkiY;k c`gRlfgrsr lkeqfnzd kkL=kps foospu dsysys vkgslkeqfnzd vaxy{k.k ;k lq=kuqlkj ;k kkL=kpk laca/k ek.klkP;k vo;oklkBh ;srks izkfpu kkL=Kkauhgh gLrjskkaoj
Hkj fnyk vkgs- R;k iq:kkaps kkd] e`x] rqjax] o`kHk] o L=hps in~feuh fp=h.kh] gfLruh ka[khuh vls pkj Hksn dsysys fnlwu
;srkrT;kosGh ;k kkL=kph jpuk >kkyh R;kosGh ek.klkph ckSf)d fodklkph ikrGh mapkoysyh uOgrh R;kosGP;k
gLrkkL=Kkauh O;DrhaP;k ?kVusoj Hkj fnysyk fnlrks- ,dw.kp Hkkjrke/;s osndkGkiklwu lkeqfnzd kkL= vfLrRokr vlwu
ekuoh kjhjkaojhy fpUgkaph y{k.ks lkax.kkjs kkL= Eg.kwu izfl} vkgsHkkjrkrhy _kh equhauh 7]000 okkZaiqohZ vrZKkukP;k lkgk;kus gs kkL= vk.kys- leqnz ukokP;k _khauh ;k kkL=kph
jpuk d:u gs kkL= izpfyr dsys Eg.kwu ;kyk lkeqfnzd kkL= Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkrs- Hkkjrkr gs kkL= brj nskkr il:u rs
R;kauh vf/kd izxr dsys- ;qjksikrhy xzhd nskkr gh fo|k ;sFkwup xsyh R;keqGs xzhd Hkkksr ;k kkL=koj cjhp xzaFk fufeZrh
>kY;kps fnlwu ;srs- vkf.k 300&400 okkZr ;k kkL=kojhy vH;kl rsFks foksk >kyk- ckg; txkrhy kkL=Kkauh lkeqfnzd
kkL=kps ikax gLrlkeqfnzd kkL= vafxdkjys vkf.k tksiklys dkj.k gLrlkeqfnzd kkL= gs vU; vo;okaojhy fpUgkaP;k y{k.k
kkL=kis{kk c&;kp iVhus lqVlqVhr o vpwd vlY;kus rso<sp vkRelkr dj.;kpk dy R;kauh nk[koyk20 O;k krdkP;k izkjaHkkiklwu txkps y{k ;k kkL=kdMs os/kw ykxys vkf.k gs kkL= yksdkfHkeq[k gks ykxys vkf.k gs
dG.;kpk eksBk okVk fdjks ;k kkL=Kkpk vkgs- ;kps eqGuko dkaV yqbZl gekWu vls vkgs- R;kekxs fdj Eg.kts gkr ;k
o:u gs Vksi.kuko R;kus /kkj.k dsys vkf.k ;k kkL=kr vfizfre vls dkSkY; laiknu dsys- gh fo|k fdjksus Hkkjrke/kqup
laiknu dsyh vkf.k Hkkjrh; gLrlkeqfnzdcn~ny furkar vknjHkko R;kus O;Dr dsysyk vkgsfpUg:ih ifjHkkkspk vFkZ yko.kkjs kkL= vkf.k R;kps Kku ;kl gLrlkeqfnzd kkL= vls Eg.krkr gLr+lg+eqfnzd
Eg.kts fpUg vkf.k fpUgkauh;qDr vlk tks gkr vkf.k R;ko:u Hkfo; orZo.;kps rs gLrlkeqfnzd kkL= vkh ;k kkL=ph
FkksMD;kr O;k[;k vkgsgLrlkeqfnzd kkL=yk [k&;k vFkkZus gLrfoKku kkL= vls Eg.krk ;sbZykkL=kph foHkkx.kh dsY;kl

gkrkps oxhZdj.k dsY;kl fdaok ;k

1- gLr y{k.k kkL= vkf.k 2- gLrjskk kkL=

1-gLry{k.k kkL= e/;s gkrkph Ropk jax vkdkj foHkkx.kh cksVs vaxBk u[ks vkf.k mapoVs ;srkr2- gLrjskkkkL=ke/;s vk;q;jskk] jfojskk] n;jskk fdaok var%dj.k jskk] HkkX;jskk jfojskk fdaok fo|kjskk cq/kjskk fdaok
vkjksX; fdaok O;kikj jskk ;k eq[; lgk jskk vkgsr R;kuarj kq dad.k] fookg jskk] larku jskk] varZKkujskk okluk jskk ]
izokl jskk] eaxGjskk vkf.k ef.kca/k jskk ;k fkok; gkrkojhy fpUgs Eg.kts Qqyh] xksy] pkSdksu] f=dks.k] H;kjskk] vkMO;k
jskk tkGh fdaok dkgk Mkx oxSjs ;kapk varHkkZo vkgsgLry{k.k kkL=kpk thokkL=kkh laca/k ;srks- vkf.k gLrjskkkkL=kpk ekuokP;k vkxkeh vk;q;kr ?kM.kk&;k ?kVukapk vFkZ
yko.;kP;k n`Vhus laca/k ;srks ijarw ;k nksUgh foHkkxkpk lkdaY;kus fopkj dsY;kl iqjd gLrkkL= foKku vH;kl gksbZyesanwpk] ekufld O;kikjkpk fdaok f;kizf;kapk gkrkkh fudVpk laca/k vkgs- eu o esanw gs ,desdkakh fuxfMr vkgsr- cq}h
Lej.kKku ] bPNk] Hkkouk gs loZ O;kikj easnwe/;s mRiUu gksrkr- bPNk >kyh dh f;k izkjaHk gksrs- psg&;koj T;k izek.ks
O;Drh vkiyh Hkkouk O;Dr djrs rs izek.k gkrke/kwugh gh Hkkouk O;Dr gksrkr- esanwdMwu ;s.kk&;k o tk.kk&;k Eg.ktsp
vfHkxkeh o cfgZxkeh vlk kjhjkdMwu izR;sd vo;okdMs xsysY;k vlrkr- izR;sd xksVhps Kku izFke esanwyk gksrs- gs Kku
easnwyk vfHkxkeh ulka}kjs feGrs- cfgZxkeh ulk kjhjkyk esanwdMwu QekZu dGowu] dk;Z izo`k djhr vlrkr- ,dk tkxh
1

clwu esanwyk loZ rkjh dGrkr ijarq R;k lokZaps fujkdkj.k dj.;kl gkrkayk r;kj Ogkos ykxrs dk;Z djksfr bfr dj%
miiaDrheqGs gkrkuk dj gs uko izkIr >kys vkgseasnwtoG fgjO;k jaxkP;k fycfychr inkFkZ vlrks- rlkp inkFkZ gkrkP;k cksVkP;k vxztoG vlrks] Eg.kwu cksVkaP;k
VksdkatoG rhoz LikZKkukDrh vlrs ;krwu gkrkpk esanswkh ?kfuB laca/k fnlwu ;srks- euq;kP;k vusd fod`rh gkrko:u dGwu
;srkr- i{kk?kkrkpk fodkj kjhjkP;k MkO;kcktwl >kY;kl mtO;k gkrkojhy jskk o i{kk?kkr mtO;k cktwl >kY;kl MkO;k
gkrkojhy jskk ukghkk gksrkr gs gLrlkeqfnzd kkL=Kkauh uewn dsys vkgsegRpkph xksV Eg.kts fo|`r izokg psruk kDrh ekuokP;k nsgkr izFke cksVkaP;k vxzkr izosk djrs- cksVkarwu izosk dj.kk&;k ;k
fo|`rkDrh izokgkpk lapkj rGgkokoj gksrks- vkf.k R;kuarj esanwdMs gk izokg osxkus [kspyk tkrks o iqup kjhj vo;okr gh
izk.k kDrh [ksGoyh tkrsvaxB;kyk BlkkkL=kr Lora=LFkku vlY;keqGs R;kyk rtZuh gs ifgys cksV gksrs- var%dj.k jskk] eLrdjskk]
thoujskk ;k frUgh egRokP;k jskk xq: mapoV;kP;k vklikl mxe ikorkr- rtZuhP;k eqGkrwu fu?k.kk&;k var%dj.k jskkP;k
izokgkPkk vks?k lq: gksrkp var%dj.kkph /kMiM] /kM/kM lq: gksrsthoujsksrwu thforkl lq:okr gksrs- eLrdjsksrwu tkrkp tx.;klkBh vR;ko;d vl.kkjh cq}hph izf;k ;k xksVh
lasdankrp pkyw gksrkr- gk izokg kjhjkrwu rGgkr o cksVs ;koj vkyk dh gkrkoj m/ojskk pkyw gksrkr- fuekZ.k - R;keqGs /ku]
fo|k] vkjksX;jskk] ;kapk mxe euxVkkh o fojkefcanw cksVkaP;k ik;F;kkh vlrks- izokgkP;k myVlqyV xfreqGs pkjgh cksVkaP;k
ik;F;kkh euxVkaP;k nksUgh cktwl rGgkrkoj mapoVs vkgsr- Luk;awph yac orZwG] oy;s iqatD;k iqatD;kus kstkjh kstkjh
vkgsr- R;k iqatD;kpk vkdkj ftrdk deh vf/kd R;k izek.kkr izokg fQjr jkghy- R;keqGs fo?k`r izokg ;k fBdk.kh vf/kd
dk;Z{ke vls vlrk rGgkrkojhy foHkkx kks/kwu dk<.;kr mapoV;kapk mi;ksx gksrksgkr dsOgk igkok
1-rGgkr loZlk/kkj.k fnolk igkok- jk=hP;k osGh gkrkpk jax letr ukgh o jskkgh vLiV fnlrkr- Eg.kwu gkr jk=h ikgw
u;s2-rGgkr /kqowu ikg.ks pkaxys] dkj.k eqGpk jax LiV letwu ;srkr3-ygku eqykaps gkr ikgw u;s] dkj.k eqy tUekyk vkY;kuarj R;kP;ke/;s fLFkR;karjs gksr vlrkr- eqykaP;k kjhj
ok<hcjkscj cq/nh o eukph ok< gksr vlrs- cky o;kr R;kaps vkpkj fopkj iDds >kkysys ulrkr- [ksGkdMs izo`kh o vaxkr
vlysyk vYyMi.kk ;keqGs ;kP;kr lkax.;klkj[ks dkgh ulrs4-iq:kkapk mtok o fL=;kapk Mkok gkr ikg.ks vlk Hksn u djrk nksUgh gkr igkosr- Mkokgkr uSlfxZdi.kk o vuqoafkdrk
nk[korks mtok gkr drZcxkji.kk nk[korksRopk

gkrkP;k Ropspk fopkj djrkuk rGO;kojhy o gkrkP;k ekxhy cktwl Ropsph ikg.kh djkoh- gkrkph Ropk dksey o e
vlY;kl vkh O;Drh eukus lqlaLd`r izlUufpk vkkkoknh vlwu vkiY;k okx.kwdhus nqlY;kyk vkuan ns.kk&;k vlrkr,dw.kp vkk O;Drh gGwokj Hkkouk ti.kk&;k o mke vfHk:phP;k vlrkrRopk [kMcMhr ok jkdV vlY;kl vkh O;Drh cksy.;ke/;s ?kqeh vlwu okx.;ke/;s vkMnkaMi.kk vlrks- fou;fkyrk
fdaok fkVkpkj ;kapk vHkko fnlwu ;srks(vkfnekuoh;] ekdMkpk ) izkFkfed Lo:ikpk gkr vlwu [kMcMhr Ropk vlY;kl vkh O;Drh vf/kd izek.kkr vkGkh
vlrs - dks.kR;kgh izdkjps ca/ku ;k O;Drhyk udks vlrs vkf.k vkk O;Drhe/;s Lojkpkjkl izksRlkgu feGrspkSdksuh gkrkoj vkh Ropk vlrk vkk O;Drhe/;s O;ogkfjdi.kkpk vHkko vlwu O;Drh jkxhV o nwV gksrsfueqGR;k gkrkoj vkh Ropk vlrk dyk{ks=kr leUo; lk/kyk tk.kkj ukghvfrfueqGR;k gkrkoj vkh Ropk vlY;kl vkk O;Drhe/;s peRdkfjdi.kk o osMsi.kkpk /kksdk fuekZ.k gks.;kph kD;rk
vlrs- rRoKkuh gkrkoj vkh Ropk vlY;kl vkk O;Drh dBh.k fok;kaps izfrikyu djsy-

(xkBhnkj] pkSdksuh) lfeJ gkrkoj vkh Ropk vlY;kl O;Drhps cq}h pkrq;Z cksFkV vlrs- nksUgh izdkjP;k Ropsis{kk e/;e
izdkjph Ropk loZlk/kkj.k vlrs-

gkrkpk jax
gkrkP;k jaxko:u vkiY;k kjhjkr vlysY;k pSrU;kDrhpk o kkjhfjd cGdVhpk cks/k gksrks- vkiY;k kjhjkrhy jDrkP;k
izokfgri.kkyk Qkj egRo vkgs- jDrkpk jax pkaxyk okbZV vlY;kl R;kpk ifj.kke gkrkojhy jaxke/;s fnlwu ;srks- ;keqGs
ek.klkP;k kkjhfjd dqorhpk fopkj gksrks- ijarq _rwekukpk gkrkojhy jaxkoj ifj.kke gksu gkrkpk jax cnyr vlrks- mnkfgokG;kr gkrkpk jax ika<wjdk fnlwu ;sbZy- rj UgkG;ke/;s gkr dksjMs o rkacwl jaxkaps vlrkr Eg.kwu _rwekukpk fopkj
d:u jaxkalaca/khps funku djkos
:f/kjkfHklj.kkr dkgh deh tkLr fc?kkM >kY;kl rks fc?kkM jaxkP;k :ikus rGgkrkoj fnlrks- izHkkfor xzg mapoVk
vksG[krkuk rGgkrkojhy jaxkpk mi;ksx gksrks- rGgkrkoj jax fnlrkr rs eq[;Rosd:u ika<jk] rkacwl fdaok xqykch] rkcaMk o
fioGk ;k jaxkaiSdh nksu fdaok vf/kd jaxkaps feJ.k rGgkrkoj igko;kl feGrs- xzgkaP;k LokHkkfod jax vkgsr- panz ika<jk] jfo
kq xq: rkacwl] eaxG rkacMk] kfu cq/k fioGk jax
ika<jk jax gk fuLrsti.kkps |ksrd vkgs- fL=;kaP;k gkrkpk jax dksey fdaok uktwdi.kkeqGs ika<jk fnlrks rks ;k lnjkr ;sr ukgh
ika<&;k jaxkpk gkr vl.kkjh ek.kls LoIukGw lgkuwHkqrhkqU;] eS=h dj.;kl v;ksX; vls vlwu] dks.krsgh dke dj.;kph
/kMkMh ;kaP;ke/;s ulrs- vkk ek.klkadMs brj ek.kls vkd`V gksr ukghr] dkj.k ;kaps O;DrheRo vkdkZd ulrs- ;kaP;k
fuLrsti.kkpk o dedwori.kkpk izHkko ;kaP;k ekufld vkf.k O;ogkfjd ckchaoj fnlwu ;srks- panz ;k xzgkpk jax eqGkrp ika<jk
vkgs- R;keqGs panziz/kku O;DrhP;k fBdk.kh ika<jk jax fnl.ks LokHkkfod vkgs- ijarq brj yksdkaP;k ckcrhr xzgkaP;k mapoV;kP;k
fBdk.kh ika<jk jax fnlY;kl rks mapoVk nqfkr vkgs vls letkosrkacwl fdaok xqykch gkr %& rkacwl jax gk fujksxh izd`rhpk |ksrd vkgs- vkh ek.kls usgeh vkkkoknh lgkuqHkqrh nkZd vkf.k
nql&;kauk gohkh okV.kkjh vlrkr- vkk O;Drh usgeh vkuanh o mRlkgh vlY;kps fnlrs- gkrkpk jax rkacql vlY;kl
lxG;k xzg mapoV;kaps QG pkaxY;k Lo:ikr feGrsxMn rkacMk jax % xMn rkacMk jax gk dks.kR;kgh xq.kkapk vfrjsd nk[korks- eaxG iz/kku O;Drh lksMY;kl brj O;DrhaP;k gkrkoj
rkacMk jax vk<GY;kl R;k xzg mapoV;kr nksk vk<GrkrfioGk jax %& kfu ]oz cq/k lksMwu fioGk jax brj xzg mapoV;kP;k ckcrhr R;k xzgkaps Qyknsk nqfkr djrks- xq: mapoV;koj gk
fioGk jax vlrk] O;Drhyk fujkkkoknh cuforks- jfo mapoV;koj gk jax O;DrhP;k fBdk.kh vl.kkY;k dykRed xq.kkpk &gkl
djrks eaxG mapoV;koj vlY;kl rh O;Drh vf/kd frjlV gksrs- panz mapoV;koj fioGk jax vlY;kl vkh O;Drh nql&;kpk
}sk dj.kkjh ek.kwl?kk.;k LoHkkokph gksrskq mapoV;koj gk jax vkY;kl O;Drhps kkjhfjd lkeF;Z deh gksrs- kfu o cq/k mapoV;koj gk jax vfrk; fioGk
vlY;kl kkjhfjd gkuh gks.kkjs vktkj mxz Lo:ikps nsrksdkgh O;DrhaP;k fBdk.kh gkrkoj fuGlj vFkok tkaHkG;k jaxkaph >kd ekjrs- gs vfu;fer :f/kjkfHklj.kkps y{k.k vkgsfuGlj jax gk O;DRkhpk LoHkko nksk nk[kor ulwu vkjksX;nksk nk[korks vlk fuGlj fdaok tkaHkGk jax gkrkoj vlY;koj
vkkosGh var%dj.k jskk o u[kkapk vH;kl d:u R;kpk fu.kZ; ?;kok-

gkrkps izdkj
1-izkFkfed Lo:ikpk gkr
2-pkSjl fdaok prqdksukd`rh
3- iljV lqiklkj[kk vFkok v/kZ orqZGkdqrh
3

4-fueqGrk gkr
5-vfr fueqGrk gkr
6-xk<kG
7-lfeJ

1- izkFkfed Lo:ikpk gkr- %& rGok tkM o vkscM/kkscM vlrks cksVs o u[ks ygku o osMhokdMh vlrkr- gkrkoj jskk
Qkj FkksM;k vlrkr- gkrkpk vaxBk ygku vlwu vaxB;kps ifgys isjs tkM o Qqxhj vlrs- ;k gkrkpk rGok ftrdk
eksBk frrdh R;k ek.klkph i'kwo`kh fnlwu ;srs- vkk ek.klkpk Lor%oj o eukoj rkck ulrks- folxrh fnlwu ;srsfopkjlj.kh o O;ogkj vxnh [kkyP;k ikrGhps vlrkr- d`rhe/;s vf/kdi.kk vlrks- vkGkhi.kk Qkj fnlwu ;srksvkh O;Drh ean cqf)ph vlw kdrs2- pkSjl gkr % ;k izdkjpk gkr euxVkaikkh o cksVkaP;k ik;F;kikkh pkS jl vlrks- rlsp gkrkaph cksVs pkSjl vkdkjkaph
vlrkr- vusd {ks=kr dke dj.kk&;k O;Drhe/;s ;k vkdkjkpk gkr fnlwu ;srks- ;kyk O;ogkjhd gkr Eg.kwu
vksG[krkr- ijarq ;k gkrkae/;s cksVs tj fujkG;k vkdkjkaph vlrhy rj ,dw.k pkSdkuh gkrkr vk<Gwu ;s.kk&;k
xq.kkae/;s mf.kok fnlwu ;srhy- pkSdksuh gkrkaph O;Drh O;ofLFkr o VkifVihph vlrkr- lerksy o`kh fnlwu ;srsfu;feri.kk vlrks- :<hyk /k:u okx.kkjh vlrkr- vkk O;Drh fo}ku vlrkr vkf.k vkiY;k pks[k
okx.kwdheqGs brjkaoj izHkko Vkdrkr- vkdMseksMhps fDyV dke dj.;kr rjcst vlrkr- dke dj.;kph i}r
fujkxl o i)rkhj vlrs- O;Drh oDrkhj vlwu dk;|kP;k furheqY;kaps ikyu O;DrhdMwu gksr vlrsnksk % oDrkhi.kkps ikyu O;Drhe/;s vf/kd >kY;keqG okx.;kr dBksji.kk gksrks vkf.k vfrlq{ei.kkeqGs
rs izR;sd xksV QqVih ykowu ikgrkr3- iljV fdaok lqiklkj[kk gkr % ;k izdkjpk gkr nksu izdkjs vk<Gwu ;srks- dkgh fBdk.kh rGgkr euxVktoG iljV
vlrks o dkgh fBdk.kh rks cksVkaP;k ik;F;ktoG iljV vlrks- ifgY;k izdkjkr cksVs fueqGrh >kysyh vlrkrnql&;k izdkjkr cksVs pkSdkuh fnlrkr vkk gkrkaP;k O;Drhae/;s vfrmRlkghi.kk o Lora=i.kk fnlwu ;srs- pkyhfjrh
ijaijk vFkok oDrkhji.kk ;kaP;kkh R;kaps okdMs vlrs- lrr /kMiM djhr jkg.ks ;keqGs R;kaps eu o kjhj fLFkj
jgkr ukgh- ;k gkrkpk eq[; xq.k Eg.kts R;kaP;k cqf)pk vfoJkar o lrr fVd.kkjk rktsi.kk vlwu mRlkghi.kk dke
dj.;kph /kMiM ,dk ekxksekx ,d uouohu vkf.k dkghuk dkgh dk;Ze vklwu nql&;kyk dk;ZrRij Bso.;kr
;kaph gkrksVh fnlwu ;srstj vlk gkr e o Qqxhj vlrk vkkosGh O;Drhe/;s vkdfLedi.kk o fpMdsi.kk fuekZ.k gksrks- ;k
gkrkpk voxq.k Eg.kts gkrh ?ksrysY;k fdR;sd xksVh iq.kZ u djrk R;k v/kZoV Bsorkr4- fueqGrk gkr % gkrkpk vkdkj e/;e vlwu rGgkr map o fueqGrk cksVsgh fueqGrh vFkok ifgY;k isjkdMs fdafpr
fueqGrh vlw kdrkr- vkk O;Drh dykaoar vlwu kdRkkr- gkr dBh.k vlrk O;Drh dyk fufeZrh d: kdrkrgkr e vlY;kl ek= dysph vkoM o jfldrk fuekZ.k gksrs R;keqGs vkh O;Drh dykoar gksbZyp vls ukgh ;k
O;Drhaph O;ogkjhdrk fdok fVdki.kkpk n`Vhdksu rks dykRed HkkoukRed vlk vlrks- O;Drh dkfYid o
Hkkoukiz/kku vlrkr- fulxZ o lkSn;kZps ;k O;Drhae/;s vkdkZ.k vlrs- dYiuk lkezkT;kr gh O;Drh usgeh eXu
vlrs- tso<;k dYiuk gh O;Drh djhy R;kP;kis{kk vxnh FkksM;k dYiuk gh O;Drh d`rhr vk.kw kdrs- lokZafx.k
fpfdRld n`Vhdksukis{kk gh O;Drh leUo;oknh n`Vhdksu iq<s Bsowu thou daBhr vlrs- ;k O;Drhyk vMp.kh o gky
visVk HkksxkO;k ykxrkr- R;keqGs Lora= o LoPNanh O;Drh vlrs- m/kGh ulyh rjh [kfpZd vlrs5- vfrfueqGrk gkr% Vksdnkj vlk gkr ykac vFkok vk[kwM vlrks vkf.k cksVs vfr v.kdqphnkj gksr xsysyh vlrkr,dw.k Vksdnkj gkr Eg.kts fueqGR;k gkrkps vfrO;kid Lo:i gks;- vkk gkrkaP;k O;DrhaP;k xq.kkapk mi;ksx
nql&;kauk Dofprp gksr vlrks- vkh O;Drh cq/nheku izfrHkklaiUu o gqkkj vlyh rjh vkk O;DrhP;k d`rhkqU;
izo`kheqGs R;kaps thou fuQG gksrs - O;DrhdMs vpkV dYiukfoykl vlrks- ijarq rks izR;{kkr vkpj.kkr vk.kr
ukgh- /;s;oknkph LoIus jaxorhy ijarq izR;{kkr d`rhe/;s dkghgh ulrs- O;Drh xq<oknh vlwu jgL;e; vlrs4

O;Drh d`rhkqU; o vkGkh Lo:ikP;k vlrkr ifjJe dj.ks R;kauk vkoMr ukgh- ;k gkrkpk eqG nksk Eg.kts Qkj
vkGkhi.kk o okx.ks rkGra= ulysys vlrs- rlsp O;Drh fof{kIr vlwu yxsp fu:Rlkgh gksrs- R;keqGs vkk
O;DrhdMwu dks.krsgh fo/kk;d dk;Z ?kMr ukgh6- xkBkG gkr rRoKkuh gkr] Philosopher Hand gk gkr lgt o iVdu vksG[krk ;srks- gk gkr vfLFkiz/kku
gkr gks;- ;k gkrkph Bso.k vksaxG fdGlok.kh fuLrst o gkMdwGh vlrs- rGok v:an ykacV o piVk vlrks- cksVs
ykac lMd vlwu cksVkaP;k isjktoG rh xkBkG fnlrkr gk gkr fnl.;kl d`k vlrks- vkk O;Drh LoHkkous vcksy
vkf.k ferHkkkh vlrkr- vkk O;Drh rRofuB vlrkr vkf.k dks.kR;kgh xksVhaps foysk.k dj.;kph vkoM vlrs;kaP;k dYiuk o /kkj.kk Lor%P;k vlwu R;k vuqHkokoj vk/kkfjr vlrkr- ckSf)d o ekufld izxrh iq.kZRokl xsysyh
vlrs- pk.kk{k o dqkkxz cqf)ekk lakks/ku fpfdRld pkSdl cqf)ps vlrkr- vkdyu kDrh deh vlrs- ;kaP;k
vU;k; >kY;kl rs d/khgh foljr ukgh vkf.k ;ksX; la/khph okV ikgrkrijarq vlk gkr vf/kd fodflr >kysyk vkf.k mapkoysyk vlsy rj vaxh /kekZa/krk fdaok rRoKkukrhy
xq<oknkph e;kZnk vksykaMyh tkrs- vkk gkrkP;k O;Drh Scientist, Architect okLrwfkYih ;k {ks=kr tkLr
izek.kkr vk<Grkr7- lfeJ gkr % ;k gkrke/;s cksVs fujfujkG;k r&gsph vlrkr Eg.kts vkrki;Zar ikfgysY;k lgk gkrkaps feJ.k deh
vf/kd izek.kkr >kkysyk vk<Grs- vkk izdkjP;k gkrkP;k O;Drh Lor% HkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkrhkh lejl gks.kkjh
gqkkj o cqf)eku vlrs- izR;sd fok;kaph o dykaph vkoM vlrs- rs Lkk/; dj.;kph ik=rk vlrs ijarq- R;kr vkk
O;Drhauk ikjaxr gksrk ;sbZy vlrs ukgh- vlk gkr vlwu pkaxyh eLrd jskk vlY;kl O;Drh vkiY;k cq)hP;k
tksjkoj dks.kR;kgh {ks=kr izkfo.; feGow kdrkr o vk;q;krhy leL;kauk ;ksX; fjrhus lkeksjs tk kdrkr- ijarq
vkk gkrkP;k O;Drh Qkj vLoLFk vlrkr-

gkrkph cksVs
nSuafnu ?kVuk vFkok O;ogkj ;kapk laca/k gkrkP;k cksVkfkok; ?kMw kdr ukgh- ;k cksVkaeqGs vkiY;kyk LikZKku letrscksVkaP;k isjkojhy lq{e jskk p ka[k oxSjs ;kaph oSfkV;s dGrkr- cksVkaP;k isjko:u eukph cqf)ph ok< dGu ;srs- cksVkaps
egRokps dk;Z Eg.kts vk;q;kph pSrU;kDrh ?ks.ks gks;- gkrkph cksVs gh lRoxq.k foHkkxke/;s eksMrkr- ek.klkP;k eukrhy
fopkj o Hkkouk eqrZ Lo:i nsu - izR;{kkr mrjo.;kps] cksVs gs egRokps lk/ku gks;cksVkyk rhu isjh vkgsr- 1-lRo] 2- jt] 3- re
1- rtZuh % xq:ps cksV /kkfeZd o egRokdk{kh
2- e/;ek % kfups cksV dkckMdV o esgur
3- vukfedk % jfops cksV fo|k lUeku vkf.k fdrhZ
4- djaxGh % cq/kkps cksV O;ogkjh o izkekf.kd
1-ykac cksVs % vkk cksVkaph O;Drh lq{ei.kkoj tkLr Hkj nsrs- ckjhdlkjhd xksVhaoj tkLr n{k vlrs- ijarw fdR;sd osGk ;k
O;Drhpk rks voxq.kgh b: kdrks- vkh O;Drh fopkjh o ;ksX;rh n{krk ?ks.kkjh vlwu dks.kR;kgh xksVhapk rs loZ cktwuh fopkj
djrkr- gkrkP;k vkdkjkis{kk cksVs ykac vlrhy rj rh cqf)eksph funkZd vkgsr ijarq loZ cqf)eku O;Drhaph cksVs ykac
vlrhyp vls ukgh2-vk[kwM cksVs % vkh cksVs vl.kkjh O;Drh mrkohG LoHkkokph o papy eukso`khph vlrs- eksB eksBh dkes vkh ek.kls ?kkbZ?kkbZus
djrkr- vk[kwM cksVkauk tj Vksdnkj vxzkaph] Vksdnkj vkdkjkaph tks M feGkY;kl ojhy Qyknsk vfrO;kIr Lo:ikr feGsyvk[kwM cksVkauk pkSdksuh vxzs gkrkpk yofpdi.kk] izHkkoh vaxBk o ljG LiV eLrdjskk ;kaph tksM feGkY;kl vfr mke gks;3-xzaFkh;qDr vFkok xkBkG cksVs % Eg.kts gkrkaph ok< gh ek.kls dks.kR;kgh xksVhapk eq|slwn fopkj d:u fu.kZ; ?ks.kkjh vlrkrcksVkaojhy xkBh pkaxY;k fnlY;kfkok; ;k cksVkyk xkBkG cksVs Eg.kw u;s- gh cksVs o;kP;k 40 uarj tkLr n`Vhl iMrkrHkkouk fook gksu dks.kR;kgh xksVhapk fu.kZ; ?ksr ukghr- ;k cksVkauk rRoKkuh cksVs Eg.kwu lacks/kys tkrs- rRoKku fok;d
vH;kl dj.;kl ykx.kkjh fpdkVh o eq|slwni.kk bR;kfn xq.k vkk O;Drhae/;s vlrkr- xzaFkh Eg.kts xkBh] ;k kkjhfjd
dVhauh ;srkr- ek.klkP;k ckSf)d o ekufld ok<heqGs gksrkr5

4-ikrG fdaok ckjhd cksVs% ;k cksVkapk izdkj xzaFkh;qDr cksVkaP;k vxnh myV vlrks- ;k cksVkaP;ke/;s vxzs dks.kR;kgh izdkjph
vlwu kdrkr- ikrG cksVkauk fueqGR;k vkdkjkph tksM feGkY;kl dykRed cqf)ekk R;k O;DrhP;k fBdk.kh vlrs- vkh
O;Drh var%LQwrhZus dks.krsgh dk;Z rMhl usrs- fopkjkapk vak deh vlwu dks.kR;kgh xksVhpk rs fdl dk<r ukghr- vk;q;krhy
dks.kR;kgh izlaxkdMs R;kpk ikg.;kpk n`Vhdksu Hkkouk;qDr vlrks- dkeke/;s xrh vlrs- O;Drh Hkkoukiz/kku vlwu
HkkousP;k vkgkjh yodj tkrs-

cksVkaph isjh
1- ifgys isja % gh isjh T;kosGh tkLr ykac vlrkr- R;kosGh eu vkf.k rdZcqf)pk O;Drhoj rkck jkghy- R;k O;Drhyk
,dw.k rdZcqf)oj O;ogkjkr mi;ksx gksbZy fdaok nql&;koj Nki ikMrhy- O;Drh cqf)thoh lqlaLd`r foosdfuB
fpfdRld vlwu v/;;ukph vkoM vlrs ijarq vkh O;Drh xfoZB vlw kdrs- O;kikj O;ogkj R;kauk te.kkj ukghesgurhph dkes R;kauk udks vlrkr2- nqljs isja % gh isjh eksBh vlrk O;Drh O;ogkjh o erych vlrkr- O;ogkj prwj vlwu iSkklkBh eu vkf.k kjhj
f>to.kkjs vlrkr- ;k O;DrhP;k fBdk.kh n;kek;k deh vlrs- O;kikj/kans m|ksx] ksrh] jktdkj.k ;kr pkaxys dk;Z
d: kdrkr3- frljs isja % gh isjh eksBh vlrk vkh O;Drh vkgkj] fogkj] funzk ;kifydMs foksk dk;Z djrkuk fulr ukghr vkk
O;Drh vkGkh o vkMnkaM vlrkr- ?;s; R;kauk ekghr ulrkr- ,skks vkjkekr thou O;rhr djrkr-

cksVkaph ekfgrh
xq:ps cksV % vfHkeku izfrBk /keZ % gs cksV vk[kwM vlY;kl vkRefooklkpk vHkko dr`Rokph mf.ko vkf.k drZO;kph tkf.ko
ulrs- gs cksV izek.kkr vlsy rj usr`Rokph bPNk vlrs- LoHkko vkuanh ] ekQd egRokdk{kk eukpk lerksyi.kk vkf.k yk?koh
LoHkko vlrks vkf.k lektkr ekuekU;rk YkkHkrs- okdMs vlysys cksV usgehp okbZV ukgh ek= ekuekU;rk FkksMh deh
ykHkrskfups cksV % [kwi ykac vlY;kl fujkkkokn nq%[kh dVh LoHkko f[kUurk nqfkr fopkjlj.kh ;kpk cks/k gksrks- gs loZlk/kkj.k
maphps vlY;kl O;Drh /kqrZ vlwu vfrmRlkgkyk eqjM ?kkyw kdrkr- gs cksV vk[kwM vlY;kl ekufld larwyu ulrs o
O;Drh fooklkyk ik= ulrsjfops cksV % oDr`Ro gwkkjh o lkSn;Z n`Vh ;k cksVkao:u c?krkr- kfu cksVkis{kk gs ykac vlY;kl lV~Vk jsl tqxkj ;k xksVhadMs
O;Drh [kspyh tkrs- vkfFkZd uqdlku Hkksxkos ykxrs- gs cksV kfu cksVk brds ykac vlY;kl vk;q;Hkj tqxkjh o`kh jkgkrs o
vk;q;kr vusd ladVkauk rksaM |kos ykxrs- gs cksV izekf.kr vlY;kl egRokdk{kk o cqf)eku O;Drh vlrs- fujfujkG;k
dyk tksikl.;kph mitr cqf) vlrs- gs cksV vk[kwM vlY;kl lkSan;Z n`Vhpk vHkko vlrks- jfo cksV okdMs vlY;kl dyspk
mi;ksx okbZV dkeklkBh dsyk tkrks- o`kh twxkjh vlrscq/kkps cksV % xqUgsxkjhlkBh ;k cksVkps osxGs egRo vkgs- O;ogkj pkrwq;Z o O;olk;krhy gwkkjh ;kpk cks/k gksrks ;k cksVko:u
tho iskh fuek.k dj.kk&;k xazFkhaP;k laca/kkrhy foHkkx dGwu ;srks- cq/k cksV loZlk/kkj.k maphps vlrk fy[kk.kke/;s lgtrk
vlrs- O;Drh gLrdkSkaY;kr izfo.k vlrs- gs cksV kDrheku o iljV vlsy rj O;DrhP;k thoukr fdrhgh ladVs mMp.kh
vkY;kl rjhgh ;k ykHkrs- cksV ;ksX; izek.kkr vlrk vH;klkph o fkd.;kph vkoM vlrs- vk;q; lq[kkog Ogkos gh /kMiM
vlrs gs cksV vk[kwM vlrk pqdhps fopkj cqf)pk vHkko o fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph {kerk ulrs- okx.;kr o O;ogkjkr fopkjkapk vHkko
vlrks-

xq:ps cksV
ifgys isjs % egRokdk{kk mke furh xq<fo|k izfrBk gs xq.k fnlwu ;srkrnqljs isjs % eksBsi.kk /kS;Z ekuork gs xq.k fnlwu ;srkr rj nqVi.kk fHk=si.kk vMk.khi.kk gs nqxqZ.k fnlrkr6

frljs isjs % O;ogkjhd o /kkfeZd n`Vhdksu fuekZ.k djrs- rj vizkekf.kdi.kk gks nksk fuekZ.k djrsifgys isjs fodflr vlrk Eg.kts ykac o pkaxys vlY;kl vkk O;Drh vk/;kfRed izxrh dj.kkjh /kekZ cn~ny vknj
ckGx.kkjh vlrsxq:ps cksV nqljs isjs fodflr vlrk egRokdka{kk ekulUeku o iksdG MkeMksy bR;knh xksaVhapk cks/k gksrksfrljs isj fodflr vlrk O;Drh lkps ekxs ykxysyh vlrs o nql&;koj opZLo xktor vlrs-

kfups cksV
ifgys isjs % xjhc LoHkko Lora=i.kk o fo}kk gs xq.k fuekZ.k djrs rj va/kJ)k nSookn o f[kUurk gs okbZV xq.k fuekZ.k djrsnqljs isjs lakks/ku kkL= O;ofLFkri.kk vH;klwi.kk xq<fo|k gs xq.k rj xqIrrk pqxyh dj.ks eRlj o fookl?kkr gs nqxZ.k nsrsfrljs isjs% ,dkar dkVdlj gs xq.k nsrs rj gV~Vhi.kk nq([k lq[kkpk miHkksx u ?ks.kkjk gs nqxZq.k fnlrkr-

ifgya isja ykac o BlBlhr vlY;kl vH;klwo`kh o fo}kk vlrsnqljs isjs ykac vlY;kl O;Drhyk ksrh O;olk;kph vkoM vlrs m|ksx /ka|kr n{krk ckGx.kkjh o xf.kr kkL=kph vkoM
vl.kkjh vlrs
kfuP;k cksVkps frljs isjs ykac vlrk O;Drh dkVdljh vkf.k YkksHkh vlrs-

jfops cksV
jfo cksVkps ifgys isjs dyk cqf)ekk gwkkjh bR;knh xq.k rj lV~Vsckth tqxkj nzO;kpk yksHkh gs voxq.k nsrsnqljs isjs izfl)h ekulUeku nsrs rj vLoLFkrk] vfookl gs okbZV xq.k nsbZy
frljs isjs lq[kle`)h nsbZy o eq[kZi.kk] Qkfty LiVoDrsi.kk fuekZ.k djsy-

ifgys isjs fodflr vlY;kl O;Drh mke cqf)eksph o vknkZ isze dj.kkjh vlrsnqljs isjs fodflr vlrk O;ogkjKku fuekZ.k djrsjfo cksVkps frljs isjs fodflr vlrk eq[kZi.kkps iznkZu dj.kkjs vk<Grkr-

cq/kkps cksV
cq/k cksVkps ifgys isjs cqf)ekk] gqkkjh] prqjkbZ] kkL=h; lakks/ku gs xq.k fuekZ.k djhy rj diV] dkjLFkku] Qlosfxjh gs nqxZq.k
fuekZ.k gkrhynqljs isjs O;olk; o dk;nk gs xq.k nk[kosy o Qlosfxjh gk nqxZq.k fuekZ.k djsyfrljs isjs O;ogkfjd pkrq;Z gs xq.k o pksjh cuokcuoh] /kqrZrk gs voxq.k nsrs7

ifgys isjs fodflr vlrk O;Drh lakks/kd o dk;|kpk vH;kl dj.kkjh vlrsnqljs isjs vf/kd fodflr vlsy rj Kkukpk mi;ksx xqUgsxkjhlkBh okijrkr-lk/kkj.k fodflr vlsy rj lakks/ku dj.;kph
vkoM o kkL=h; fok;kaph vkoM vlrsfrljs isjs fodflr vlrk O;Drh O;olk;hd cqf)eksph vlyh rjh pksjV;k LoHkkokph vlrs-

cksVkae/khy varj
izR;sd cksVkae/khy varj gs O;DrhP;k ekuoh tM.k ?kM.khps eukP;k fofo/k iSywaps o R;klaca/khr d`rhps funkZd vlrs- vaxBk o
rtZuh ;kae/khy varj cjsp tkLr vlsy rj O;Drhe/;s eukpk mnkji.kk eksBsi.kk oSpkfjd Lokra=~; gs xq.k fnlrkr- O;Drh
nql&;kyk enr dj.kkjh vlrs

vaxBk o rtZuh ;k cksVke/khy varj 45 vak vlsy rj vkh O;Drh vkuanh eueksdGh vlrs vkjksX; mke vlrsvaxBk o rtZuhe/khy varj Qkjp deh vlsy rj vkk O;Drh dksR;k lak;h LoHkkokP;k vlrkr- R;kapk fookl
vkSjaxtsc cknkgk lkj[kk Lor%P;k eqykaojgh ulrks- fgu o rkelh o`khps vlrkr90 vakk is{kk tkLr varj vlsy rj O;Drh nql&;koj pVdu Nki Vkd.kkjh vlrs- vkk O;Drhps O;fDreRo Qkj
vkdkZd vlrs- usgeh nql&;kyk vkdfkZr dj.kkjs vlrsrtZuh o e/;ek ;kr vf/kd varj vlY;kl vkh O;Drh Lora= fopkjlj.khph vlrs ijarq fopkj d`rhe/;s ;srhy vls
ukgh dkj.k vkk O;Drhaoj nql&;kaP;k fopkjkapk ixMk lglk iMr ukgh
e/;ek o vukfedk ;kae/;s vf/kd varj vlsy rj jfoP;k cksVkoj kfupk O;ogkjhdi.kk cqf)ekk eukpk lerksyi.kk
O;ogkj pkrq;Z bR;kfn xq.kkapk izHkko iMr vlY;kus jfoP;k cksVka ps xq.k/kZe vf/kd vk<Grkr- vkk O;Drh mRlkgh
cqf)eku lkSan;kZph vko vl.kkjh ijarq d`rhe/;s O;ogkj Kkukpk vHkko vk<Grks- FkksMD;kr O;Drh Hkfo;kcn~ny
csfQdhj vlrsvukfedk o djaxGh ;ke/khy varj vf/kd vlY;kl vkk O;DrhaP;k izR;sd d`rhe/;s Lora=i.kk fnlwu ;srks- cq/kkps cksV
Lora= lq: ljG vlY;kl R;ke/;s /kqrZrk] mRlkg] U;k;fiz;rk bR;kfn xq.k fnlwu ;srkr- vkk O;DrhP;k cqf)ekse/;s
xfrekurk o /kMkMh igko;kl feGrs- vpwd fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph {kerk vlrs-

gkrkojhy cksVkaps lkj[ks varj vlsy rjh izR;sd cksV vkiys Lora= xq.k nk[kor vlrs- vkk O;Drhyk :<h ijaijk ;kaph
ckaf/kydh vkoMr ukgh

ifgY;k o nqlY;k cksVrhy varj rk:.;krhy dB nk[korsnql&;k o frl&;k cksVkrhy varj e/;e o;krhy dVizn thou nk[korsfrl&;k o pkSF;k cksVkarhy varj mrkjo;krhy dVizn thou nk[kors-

cksaVkapk ,dedkadMhy >qdrsi.kk

dks.krsgh cksV Lor% rkB u jgkrk nql&;k cksVkadMs >qdys vlsy] R;kosGh nql&;k cksVkP;k xq.k/kekZpk R;k cksVkoj ifj.kke gksbZy
1 xq:ps cksV vaxB;kdMs >qdys vlsy rj vaxB;ke/khy bPNkkDrh xq:P;k egRokdka{ksyk feGrs- gsp cksV kfudMs >qdys
vlsy rj kfups xkafHk;Z o mnkflurk xq:P;k egRokdka{kk o vfHkekukyk eqjM ?kkysy2 kfups cksV xq:dMs >qdysys vlsy rj va/kJ)k ok<sy O;Drh nq%[kh o f[kUu gksbZy- xq:e/khy /kfeZdrsyk Hkksanwi.kkps oG.k
ykxsy- kfups cksV jfodMs >qdysys vlsy rj kfuP;k xaHkhj LoHkko o fopkjlj.kkhyk vkGk clrks-

3-jfops cksV kfudMs oGys vlsy rj jfoe/;s vlysY;k nkskkauk o rYy[k cqf)yk kfuP;k mnkflurspk LikZ gksrks- jfo cksV
cq/kkdMs >qdys vlsy rj O;DrhP;k izR;d d`rhe/;s LokFkhZi.kk fnlwu ;srks4 cq/kkps cksV jfo cksVkdMs >qdysys vlsy rj jfo cq/kkpk pkaxyk feYkki gksu cq/kkP;k O;kikjh o`khyk dyspk vkf.k oDr`Rokpk
pkaxyk Qk;nk gksrkscksVkapk yofpdi.kk
Eg.ktsp eukpk yofpdi.kk vlrks- O;Drh dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrh cjkscj lejl gks kdrs- cksVs yofpd vlrk
yofpd eu nkZfors o rkB cksVs rkBji.kk nkZfors- lgti.ks ckd nsu cksV ekxs vlY;kl] rh yofpd letkfor- cksVs
ekxs oGr ulY;kl] rh rkB cksVs letkforlgti.ks cksVs ekxs tkr vlY;kl LoHkkokr vfrjsdi.kk ulwu letwrnkj o nl&;kps ,sd.;kph izo`kh vlrsfopkjhi.kk] fokky n`Vhdksu] vkLFkk] lgkuwHkwrh gs oSfkV; xq.k fnlwu ;srkrvfr yofpd cksVs vlY;kl O;Drh ifjfLFkrhkh lejl gks.kkjh vlrs- loZ r&gsus lgdk;Z nsrs o gqkkj vlrs-

cksaVkaph isjh
cksVkaP;k isjkao:u gkrkpk laca/k tkrdkP;k esanwP;k tM.k?kM.kh e/;s ykoyk tkrks- lRo] jt] re ;k xq.kkar isjkps
egRo vkgs- frljs isjs reksxq.k nkZfors vkf.k vls isjs tkMtwM vlY;kl [kk.ksfi.ks vkf.k etk dj.ks gs /;s; ?ksu tUekyk
vkysys vlrkr- gkrkP;k vkdkjkizek.ks gkrkP;k cksVkaP;k ifgY;k isjkaph ykach deh tkLr vlrsifgys isjs euq;kP;k cqf)eksps |ksrd vkgs O;Drhe/;s ekufld vlarqyu vlrs- vkk osGh cksVkph ifgyhisjh ykac vlY;kps
vk<Gwu ;srs ;k isjkoj vfrlq{ejskk Qkj egRokP;k vlrkr vkf.k lq{ejskk euqq; tUetkr ?ksu ;sr vlrks- gkrkph cksVs
ekufld o kkjhfjd ,d egRokps vax vkgs- ;ka cksVkao:u O;DrhP;k kkjhfjd =qVhaps Eg.ktsp jksxkps pkaxY;k izdkjs funku
djrk ;srs- gkrkP;k cksVkaP;k vk[kwMi.kkpk laca/k vkiY;k kjhjkr fuekZ.k gks.kk&;k fujfujkG;k nkskkakh vlrks- kjhjkr
fujfujkG;k jlnzO;kaph fuekZ.k dj.;kph ok< [kqaVrs o R;kaP;kr larqyu jkgkr ukgh- mnk daBLFk xazFkh eq=fiaMkojhy xzaFkh
vkarL=kogkrkP;k cksVkP;k lka/;ke/khy loZlk/kkj.k ok< >kysyh ulY;kl vkk O;Drhaps kkjhfjd lkeF;Z deh gksrs gkrkojhy
loZ cksVs xkBhfojfgr vlwu R;kojhy Ropk rkacwl jaxkoj vlY;kl iksVkrhy vkrM;krwu vkEyrspk mxe gksu vkEyfik
gksrs- gkrkojhy ifgys cksV QqQwlkrhy fc?kkMkps funkZd vkgs- ;k cksVkph izek.kkis{kk vf/kd ok< >kysyh vlY;kl ?k;kps
vktkj] nek] fueksfuvk] QqQwl fodkj bR;knhapk cks/k gksrkskfuP;k cksVkapk laca/k iksVklaca/kh vlrks- vkf.k ;k cksVkoj dkgh nksk vlrhy rj ;d`rklaca/khr vktkjkapk cks/k gksrks- jfo
cksVkpk laca/k fdMuhkh vkgs- gs cksV tj vR;ar detksj fnlr vlsy rj R;kosGh fdMuhP;k dk;kZrhy fc?kkM letwu ;srkscq/kkP;k ckasVko:u jtfiaMkP;k xazFkhaP;k laca/kkrhy o fok;lq[kkP;k ckcrhr vMp.khapk cks/k gksrkscksVkps ifgys isjs izek.kkis{kk vf/kd ykac vlsy rj O;Drhe/;s easnwps fodkj vk<Grkr- vkh O;Drh fgLVsfj;k fdaok
euksfodkjkauk cGh iM.;kph kD;rk tkLr vlrs- nqljs isjs d`k vlrk rs fud`V ntkZps vlrs- {k;jksxkph kD;rk fnlwu ;srsxq: cksVkps nqljs isjs d`k vlY;kl QqQQwlkrhy {k;jksx vk<Gwu ;srks- frljs isjs detksj vlrk O;Drh jtfiaMkP;k ckcrhr
nq[k.;kus fiMhr vlrsdsl
dsl gs osxosxG;k jaxkps vlrkr- dkgh dsl lqanj] eqyk;e rj dkghls :{k vlrkr ;k dslkaeqGs R;k O;DrhP;k eukso`khr
fofo/k cny gksrkr- izR;sd dsl ,[kk|k lq{e ufyds lkj[kk vlrks- gh ufydk Ropk vkf.k rsFkhy eTtkrarwkh laca/khr vlrs
gs dsl fdaok uyhdk Eg.kts kjhjkP;k varHkkZxkrhy fo|qr izokgkiSdh tknk vl.kkjh oht ckgsj Vkd.kkjs ekxZ gksr- ;k izokgkps
R;k dslkP;k jaxk}kjs ogu gksrs- R;keqGs ;k jaxko:u ,[kk|k O;DrhP;k kjhjO;oLFksr yksg fdaok jaxnzO; vf/kd izek.kkr vlsy
9

rj dsl:ih ufydke/kwu rks ckgsj tk.kkjk fo|qr izokg R;k ufydke/;s gs inkFkZ Hkjrks vkf.k dslkauk dkGk] yky] HkqjdV]
djMk] lksusjh fdaok ika<jk jax R;k inkFkkZpk jax vk.krksT;kaP;k dslkapk jax lksusjh fdaok ika<jk vlrks R;kaP;k kjhj O;oLFksrhy yksg fdaok jaxnzO; ;kaps izek.k deh vlrs- gs
yksd cgqnk fuLrst fu:Rlkgh] iksdG ckrk dj.kk&;k o gyD;k dkukP;k vlrkr- ;kaP;koj lHkksorkyP;k okrkoj.kkpk vkf.k
O;Drhpk izHkko Qkj iMrksR;kekukus vlk izHkko xMn jaxkps dsl vl.kk&;kaoj deh iMrks- xMn jaxkps dsl vl.kk&;k O;Drh tjh kkjhjhd
dke dj.;kr fQdV jaxkps dsl vl.kk&;kgwu deh mRlkgh vlY;k rjh R;kaP;k fopkjkae/;s ek= mRlkg vkf.k /kMkMh vlrs
R;kaP;k Hkkouse/ksgh vf/kd frozrk vlwu R;keqGs rs vf/kd mksftr gksr vlrkr;k loZ ckcrhr xMn jaxkP;k fo:) NVkaps dsl ykylj jaxkps vl.kk&;k O;Drh vxnh myV vlrkr- ykylj
jaxkps dsl gs dkG;k Hkq&;k fdaok lksusjh dslkgqu vf/kd dksjMs :{k tkM vkf.k deh e vlrkr- vU; dslkalkj[ks gs yky
dsl ckjhd ulrkr- R;kaP;krhy iksdGh vf/kd eksBh vlrs R;keqGs R;krqu ckgsj iM.kk&;k fo|qr izokgkps izek.k gs vf/kd
vlrs- R;keqGs vls yksd vfr mksftr gks.kkjs vlrkr- dkj.k R;kaP;k vaxh vf/kd jax nzO; o fo|qr izokgkps mRiknu vkf.k
kDrh vf/kd vlrsvf/kd eknd nzO; izkku dj.ks fdaok vfrHkksx HkksxY;kus o Egkrkji.k vkY;keqGs tsOgk ,[kk|k kjhjkph kDrh deh
gksrs fdaok ukghkh gksrs rsOgk R;k kjhjkr fotsP;k fuehZrhps izek.kgh deh gksrs vkf.k th oht fuekZ.k gksbZy rh R;k kjhjkP;k
vkrp okijyh tkrs- ifj.kkeh jaxnzO; uyhdke/;s tk.ks can gksrs vkf.k dsl ika<js gksrkr- dkghosGk dlY;k;k >Vdk fdaok
vk?kkrkeqGs eTtkrarqe/khy fo|qrizokgkP;k tksjkP;k izokgkeqGs dsl vkiY;k eqGkiklwu rkB mHks jkgrkr- o ;kps ifj.kkegh
yxsp fnlwu ;srkr vkf.k dkgh rklkrp dsl ika<js gksrrk vkk >VD;kus kkjhjhd O;oLFksr iqoZjr d/khgh lq/kkj.kk gksr ukgh o
dslkuk iwohZizek.ks jaxgh R;keqGs ;sr ukghgkrkojhy dsl % vkti;Zr gkrkP;k ekxs vl.kk&;k dslkadMs cgwrsdkaps y{k Qkj deh vlrs- oj oj ikgkrkuk ygku okV.kkjh
gh xksV vxnh vusd eq|kaph mdy djrkuk fnlsy- ;k dslkapk jax dkGk] yky] HkqjdV] djMk] lksusjh fdaok ika<jk vlrks1- xMn dkG;k jaxkps dsl gkrkoj vlY;kl gh O;Drh Qkj mRlkgh vlrs- kkjhfjd dVkl daVkGr ukgh- oSpkjhd
Hkkouk rhoz vlrkr2- fQdV dslkaP;k O;Drh ;k vkGkh vlqu dks.krsgh dke /kMkMhus d: kdr ukgh- tckcnkjh fnY;kl R;kr rs
vi;kh Bjrkr3- xMn yky jaxkps dsl vl.kkjh O;Drh jaxsy vlrs4- ika<&;k jaxkps dsl ygku o;kP;k O;DrhP;k gkrkoj vlY;kl rs vuqoakhd vktkj vlrks- vkk O;dhP;k jDrkr
yksg deh vlrs- ijarq r:.k o;kr dsl ika<js >kY;kl R;k O;Drhoj ekufld vk?kkr vkgs5- L=h;kaP;k gkrkaoj Hkjiwj dsl vl.ks gs pkaxys y{k.k ukgh vkk O;DRkh O;kfHkpkjh vlw kdrkr6- iq:kkaP;k gkrkoj dsalkpk vHkko vlsy rj vkh O;Drh dksey kjhj;Vhph vlrs- o izek.kkis{kk tkLr vkGkh
vlrsvaxBk
vaxBk gk ekuokP;k ckS)hd thoukps izfrd vlY;keqGs R;kyk Qkj egRo vkgs- vaxBk gh vykSfdd ns.kxh fulxkZus
QDr ekuo izk.;kykp cgky dsyh vkgs vaxBk gk brj pkj cksVkais{kk Lora=] cyoku o Lok;k vlwu vaxB;kfkok; pkjgh cksVs
fu:i;ksxh gksrkr- FkksMD;kr lkaxko;kps >kys rj pkjgh cksVkaps lkeF;Z vaxB;kr foghr >kys vkgs- vykSfdd cqf)lkeF;Z]
vizfre dYiuk vkf.k kDrh ;kaps fpUg Eg.kwu vaxB;kl egRo fnys vkgs- vaxBk ftrdk eksBk o ykac frrdh ekuokph
cqf)ekk o bPNkkDrh vf/kd vlrs vkf.k vaxB;kph Bso.k ftrdh [kkyhy cktql vlsy frrdh ekuokph bPNk o cqf)ph >si
vf/kd vlrs- vaxB;kps egRo gs rdZfuB cqf)r vkgs- ekuokps O;DrheRo vaxBk dksBs olysyk vkgs ;ko:u letrsvaxBk cksVkuk fpdVqu vlY;kl rs bPNkkDrh deh vlY;kps |ksrd vkgs vkf.k vaxBk cksVkilwu ftrdk ykac vlsy frrds
O;Drhps O;DrheRo [kqyohrks- vaxB;kph eqyr% nksu izdkj vkgsr 1- eksBk vaxBk 2-ygku vaxBk
1-eksBk vaxBk % vaxB;kps ifgyss isjs xq: cksVkP;k frl&;k is&;ki;Zar tkr vlsy rj R;kyk eksBk vaxBk Eg.krk ;sbZy vkh
O;Drh cqf)thoh vlrs Eg.kts frP;ke/;s oSpkfjd f;kfkyrk ;srs - HkkousP;k vkgkjh u tkrk /;s; xkB.kkjh vlrs- O;Drh
fopkjiqoZd vkf.k Lora= cqf)ph vlY;keqGs R;kauk nql&;kaP;k opZLok[kkyh] dke dj.;kl vkoMr ukgh- vkk O;Drh fooklw
10

rdZfuB dk;|kps ikyu dj.kkjh vlrkr- fdR;sd osGk vkk O;Drh xq< fo|sph vkoM vl.kkjh o vH;kld vlrsFkksMD;kr eksBk vaxBk rhoz bPNkkDrh] djkjhi.kk] kgk.ki.kk] oSpkfjd f;kfkyrk vkf.k bfrgklkc)yps izse ;kps |ksrd
vkgs2- ygku vaxBk % vkk O;Drhapk LoHkko Hkkoukkhy vlrks vkf.k O;Drh /;s;oknh dkO;kRed thoukph vkoM vl.kkjh vkh
vlrs- drZO;kis{kk lkSan;kZP;k eksgkr gh O;Drh pVdu iMrs vkf.k fujfujkG;k fok;kaps Kku pVdu gks kdrs FkksMD;kr gk
vaxBk Eg.kts papyrsps izfrd vkgs- vkk O;Drh nql&;kaoj lgt Nki ikM.kk&;k o Hkkoukkhy vlrkr- R;kaP;kojrh R;kaP;k
uSlfxZd Hkkoukapk ixMk tkLr vlrks vkk O;Drh fu%i{kikrh] lgukhy Hkkoukkhy papy bR;kfn LoHkko xq.k/kekZP;k |ksrd
vlw kdrkr-

eksBk vaxBk

ygku vaxBk

1- BlBlhr vls O;DrheRo nk[korks-

1- O;Drhe/;s fHk=si.kk frrdkp mBkonkji.kk fnlwu ;srks-

2- fujfujkG;k kkL=kaph LokHkkfodp vks< vlrs-

2- oke;kph vkoM

3- oSpkfjd f;kfkyrk gs izeq[k oSfkV; vkgs4- O;ogkjn{k] thoukyk vko;d vl.kk&;k xksVhac)y
vkoM vlrs-

3- Hkkouk gs izeq[k oSfkV; vkgs4- dyk ltkoV VkifVi bR;knhaph vkoM vlrs-

ygku vaxBk vl.kk&;k O;Drhps eksBk vaxBk vl.kk&;k O;Drhkh tewu ;sr ukgh dkj.k ygku vaxBk vl.kk&;k O;Drhe/;s
rdZfuB cqf)pk vHkko vlrks vkf.k vkk O;Drh vkiys fopkj nql&;kai;Zar iksgpo.;kr vleFkZ vlrkr- R;kaP;k n`Vhus
fo}kk gk xkS.k Hkkx vlrksvaxB;kps gkrkojhy LFkku
gs rhu izdkjps vlrs1- gkrkP;k ojP;k cktwl
2- gkrkP;k [kkyP;kcktwl
3- e/kkse/k
1- gkrkP;k ojP;k cktwl vaxBk % vkk O;Drhaph ckSf)d ikrGh deh vlwu brj voxq.k cjsp vlrkr- dYiuk gyD;k
ntkZP;k o okx.ks ikqrqY; vlrs- vkoMh fuoMh vxnh gyD;k ikrGhP;k vlrkr- Lor%iqjrh ikg.kkjh vIiyiksVh O;Drh
vlrs- vkSnk;Z gk xq.k vftckr fnlwu ;srk ukgh thoukrhy furheqY;kaph vksG[k ulrs- ,dw.kp gh O;Drh ladwfpr
o`khph vlrs gk vaxBk gkrkP;k cksVktoG yxr fpdVysyk vlrk O;DrhdMs Lora= fopkjkapk vHkko o lektkiklwu
vfyIri.kk vlrk nql&;kauk letkowu ?ks.;kph ik=rk ulrs- vkh O;Drh bPNkkDrh furheqY;kapk vHkko vl.kkjh
vlrs- gkrkP;k ojP;k cktwl ijarq eksBk vaxBk vlsy rj nksgksaps xq.k R;kr fnlwu ;srkr- vkh O;Drh oSfkV;iq.kZ xq.kkauh
;qDr vkh vlrs- vaxBk eksBk vlY;keqGs rdZfuB fopkjlj.khph gksu HkkousP;k Hkjkr ogkr tkr ukgh- rhoz
bPNkkDrhph tksM feGkY;kl o vaxBk ojhy cktwl vlY;kl vkh O;Drh ikwrqY; orZukP;k gks.;kph kD;rk vlrs2- gkrkP;k [kkyhy cktwl vlysyk vaxBk% gk vaxBk x:cksVkiklwu Qkj nq vlrks- vkk O;DrhP;k ekukph ikrGh mPp
ntkZph vlrs- gk vaaxBk xq: cksVkiklwu Qkj nwj vlrks vkk O;DrhP;k eukph ikrGh Qkj mPp ntkZph vlrs- lgkuHkqrh
o vkSnk;Z gs xq.k kq mapoV;keqGs izkIr >kysys vlrkr- O;ogkj pkrq;Z vlwu vkh O;Drh thoukr ;s.kk&;k izR;sd
la/khpk ykHk ?ksr vlrs- lkaSn;kZph vkoM vlrs gkrkP;k [kkyP;k cktwl ijarq eksBk vaxBk vl.ks gs pkaxys y{k.k vkgsO;ogkjpkrq;Z] mRre oDr`Ro] lqlad`ri.kk] letqrnkji.kk] lH;rk] fkVkpkj bR;knh pkaxY;k xq.kkaps HkkaMkj vlrs- mPp
fopkj vlwu vkf.k R;k feGo.;kph R;kaph lrr /kMiM vlrs- dyk&kkL= ;kapk lqanj feyki vk<Gwu ;srks gh O;Drh
HkkousP;k vkgkjh tku vkSnk;kZps iznkZu dj.kkj ukgh fdaok fofkV dkj.kklkBh dks.kkgh cn~ny lgkuwHkqrh nk[ko.kkj
ukgh- vkh O;Drh vR;ar gwkkj o lqanj O;DrheRo ?ksmu tUekyk vkysyh vlrs11

gkrkP;k [kkyhy cktwl vlysyk ijarq ygku vlysY;k vaxB;kr eksB;k vaxB;kP;k O;DrheRokpk Blk fnlwu ;sr
ukgh- ;k O;Drh Hkkoukiz/kku vlrkr- lkjklkj fopkj dj.;kph ik=rk deh vlrs- dks.kR;kgh ckcrhr ?kkbZ?kkbZus fu.kZ;
?ks.kkjh vlrs ijarq vls fu.kZ; pqdwu vi;k ;s.;kph kD;rk vlrs vkf.k vkk O;Drhyk QDr Lor%ps ghr ikg.;kph lo;
vlrs3- e/kkse/k vl.kkjk vaxBk % gk vaxBk gkrkP;k Qkj ojP;k Hkkxkr fdaok Qkj [kkyP;k Hkkxkr ulwu e/kkse/k vlrks;keqGs gkrkyk pkaxyk vkdkj ;srks- vkh O;Drh ygku lgku xksVha e/;s rdZ dkB.kkjh i.k lkekU; vlrs- O;ogkjprqj
letqrnkji.kk o nql&;kaP;k Hkkoukaph dnj dj.kkjh vlrs- vkk O;Drhe/;s eukpk lerksyi.kk O;ogkjhdrk mRlkghi.kk
o dks.krhgh xksV gkrkG.;kps dlc vlrsvaxB;kaps izdkj
vaxB;kps ,dw.k 7 izdkj vkgsr1-izkFkfed vaxBk
2-etcwr vaxBk
3-dp [kk.kkjk vaxBk
4-/kksj.kh vFkok /kwrZrk nkZd vaxBk
5-[kquh vaxBk
6-rkB vaxBk
7-fiG iMysyk fdaok flagdVh vaxBk
1- izkFkfed Lo:ikpk vaxBk % Eg.kts gkrkoj Bsoysyk eklkpk xksGk rlk fnlrks- vaxB;kph isjh fodlhr >kysyh ulrkr
O;Drh vkGkh ean mRlkgkpk vHkko vl.kkjh o dYiukfgu vlrkr- orZ.kwd ikqrqY; vlrs- thoukr laiUurk vk.k.;klkBh
T;k T;k xksVhaph xjt vlrs R;k xksVhapk laiq.kZi.ks vHkko vlrks vlk vaxBk vl.kk&;k yksdkaP;k gkrkoj jskk ns[khy deh
vlrkr- pVdu jkxkorkr o rso<sp fHk=s vlrkr- gh ek.kls lektkiklwu nqj jkgkrkr2-etcwr vaxBk % gk vaxBk fnl.;kl vkdkZd o MkSynkj vlrks- vaxBk ikgkrkp R;kps lkeF;Z fnlwu ;srs- vkh vaxB;kph
isjh fodflr o lqLiV vlrkr- ;keqGs O;Drhe/;s fup;kps cG o O;ogkjhdrk fnlwu ;srs- vkRefookl vlwu cqf) vkf.k
rdZ ;kapk lqanj feyki ?kMwu vkysyk fnlrks- vkh O;Drh vMp.khaoj ekr dj.kkjh vlrs- vkk O;Drh fookl Bso.;kl ik=
vlwu] nql&;kl /kksdk u ns.kk&;k vlrkr3-dp [kk.kkjk vaxBk % ;k vaxB;kph Bso.k nqfeZG vlrs- vlk vaxBk iljV vlwu pSrU;ghu vlrks- R;keqGs mRlkg o
lkeF;kZpk vHkko vk<Grks- vkk O;Drhauk dedwori.kkeqGs nksu gkr dj.;kps lkeF;Z ulrs- lk/;k lk/;k fu.kZ; ?ksrkuk
lq)k vkh O;Drh dp [kkrs- eukoj rkck ulY;keqGs FkksM;k;k dkj.kkeqGs R;kaP;ke/;s uSjk; fuekZ.k gksrs- vaxB;ke/khy
bPNkkDrhpk vHkko fnlwu ;srks vkk vaxB;kP;k u[kkdMhy Hkkx [kksyxV vlY;kl vkjksX;laca/kh rdzkjh fnlwu ;srkrvkkizdkjpk vaxBk vlwu tj eLrdjskk pkaxyh vlsy rj vkh O;Drh fo}ku] Lora=o`Rrhph vlrs- ijarq fo}Rrspk mi;ksx
pkaxY;kizdkjs d: u kdY;kus thoukr vi;kkyk rksaM |kos ykxrs- vkh O;Drh vQokaoj fookl Bso.kkjh vlrs4-/kksj.kh fdaok /kqrZrk nkZd vaxBk % vkk izdkjpk vaxBk izek.kc) vlwu R;kph nksugh isjh iq.kZ fodflr vlrkr- vaxB;kps
Vksd pkSdksuh fdaok fueqGrs vlwu gk vaxBk ikgrk{k.kh utjsr Hkjrks- ,dw.kp gk vaxBk dykRed vlk vlrks- vlk vaxBk
vlY;kl O;Drh nql&;kaoj fVdk dj.;k&;k ulwu ,[kk|k O;Drhkh [kVdys fdaok erHksn >kys rjh vkh O;Drh d/khgh
vked o`Rrh /kkj.k djr ukgh- vkk O;DrhaP;k lkfu/;kr T;k T;k O;Drh ;srhy R;kaP;koj vkiY;k O;DrheRopk Blk
meVorkr o vkiY;kiklwu nql&;kyk =kl gks u;s ;kph dkGth ?ksr vlrkr- vkh O;Drh dks.kR;kgh Fkjkrhy O;Drhae/;s
lgt felGrkr- vkk O;Drh O;ogkjh] prwj] furheku] /kksj.kh] lq lad`ri.kk vkk lH; fkVkpkj ikG.kkjh vlrsnql&;kP;ke/;s felGrhy i.k Lor%ps lRo xeko.kkj ukghr- nql&;kakh okn fookn >kY;kl R;kosGh vkiY;k eukpk vfHkeku
o dYiukacn~ny vkxzghi.kk vlwu nql&;kps eu ftad.kkjk vlrks12

5-[kquh vaxBk % ;k vaxB;kps ifgys isjs VksdktoG [kqaVhP;k vkdkjkizek.ks tkM vlrs- o nqljs isjs R;kekukus fdjdksG vlwu
v:an okVksGs nqcZy vlrs- vkkosGh gkrkoj pkaxyh fpUgs vlrhy rj gh ek.kls dks.kR;kgh lkglkr Hkkx ?ksu R;kr
izk.ki.kkus y<rkr- ;k vaxB;kl kqq o panz mapoVk Qkj Qqxhj o V.kd vlsy cksVs vk[kwM vlrhy- vaxBk rkB vlsy] laiq.kZ
gkrkoj jDro.khZ NVk vlrhy] eLrdjskk nqkhr >kysyh vlsy] rj gh ek.kls fufprp [kquh letkohr- kqq mapoV;koj
tkGh fdaok rhG vlsy vkk osGh vkk O;Drh dke okluk Hkkxo.;klkBh cykRdkj [kwu vls izdkj djrkuk fnlrkr- vkk
vaxB;kpk L=h;k ns[khy [kwu dj.;ki;Zar ety xkBrkrckWEce/;s T;kizek.ks LQksVd nzO;s Bklwu Hkjysyh vlrkr o R;kauk /kDdk ykxrkp R;krhy foukkd kDrh rkRdkG
izdV gksrs R;kpizek.ks ;k vaxB;kP;k eq[kkkh okluk nck /k:u clysY;k vlrkr- R;keqGs okluk vukoj gksu d`rhr mr:
ykxyh dh LFkG] dkG] osG ;kaps rkjrE; lkjklkj fopkj o uarj gks.kkjk ifj.kke ;kapk d/khp izu fuekZ.k gksr ukgh- ,d ?kko
nksu rqdMs gh izzo`Rrh vlrs- ;k vaxB;kpk euq; Bjkfod izlaxkiqjrkp mUeknkoLFksr vlrks- ek= ,jOgh khr] leatl] izseG
vlw kdrks- dksMawu BsoysY;k oklukaP;k vkgkjh xsyk dh ek.kwldh uV gksrs- nzO; ykylseqGs pks&;k] yqVekj ]njksMk djkosls
okVrkr- lqMo`Rrhik;h fojks/k dj.kk&;k ek.klkpk [kwu dj.;kl dpjr ukgh- ,sghd o fok; r`IrhlkBh fL=;kaps vigj.k
dj.;kph o`Rrh vlrs vkk osGh kfu o eaxG mapoV;koj tkGh vlrs- cq/kkP;k nql&;k is&;koj Qqyh o kqdz mapoV;koj rhG
vlsy rj vkh izo`Rrh vlrs6-rkB vaxBk % yks[kaMh dkac tkh vlrs- rlk ;k vaxB;kpk LikZ] d.k[kj] FkaM o fuftZo Hkklrks- nksugh isjh ftFks lka/kyh
tkrkr- rks t.kw dkgh nxMkpk ?kMosysyk vkgs vls okVrs dBh.k o fdrhgh iz;Ru dsyk rjh ekxP;k cktwl fdafpargh ckd ;s
u ns.kkjk vlk gk rkB vaxBk gks;- vkk vaxB;kph ek.ksl fof{kIr] r&gsokbZd] gV~Vh] gsds[kksj] vagadkjh] drZO;dBksj] rqlM;k
LoHkkokph ] jkxhV o fuxzgh vlrkr- yksdkakh QVdwu okxrkr- cksy.ks lMsrksM vlrs- Kkukph ?kesaM] xoZ vlrks- ojhy
Qyknsk lkaxrkuk jskk fopkjkr ?;kO;kr7-ihG iMysyk fdaok flagdVh vaxBk % ;k vaxB;kps nqljs isjs vkdqafpr vlrs- O;Drh mRre pkyhfjrh ikG.kkjh] gwkkj]
cqf)eku] nql&;kaojrh izHkko ikM.kkjh vkk vlrkr- brj O;Drhauh vlk vaxBk vl.kk&;k O;Drhakh eS=h djk;yk vkoMrsvaxB;kph isjh %
vaxB;kpk vH;kl djrkuk is&;kaph ykach :nh o vkdkj ;kapk fopkj dj.ks vko;d vkgs- vaxB;kP;k ifgY;k
isjko:u bPNkkDrh ij[kMi.kk] nql&;k isjko:u cqf) o rdZ] frljs isjs Eg.kts kq mapoV;ko:u izse vkiysi.kk o Hkkouk
letw ;srkr- ifgys isjs nql&;k is&;k is{kk ykac vlsy rj vkk O;Drhe/;s rhoz bPNkkDrh fnlwu ;srs O;Drh fup;h vlrsR;keqGs okx.;kr rMQnkji.kk fnlwu ;srks- gk rMQnkji.kk pkaxY;k fjrhus fnlwu ;s.;klkBh nql&;k is&;kaph pkaxyh lkFk
ykHkk;yk goh fdaok pkaxyh eLrd jskk vlk;yk goh- dkj.k rhoz bnPNk vl.kk&;k O;Drhe/;s qjrk fofp= gV~V vl.;kph
kD;rk vlrs- vkh O;Drh nqjkxzgh vlwu dks.kR;kgh izlaxkyk ksoVi;Zar rksaM ns.;kph frph bPNk fnlwu ;srs- Eg.kwu vkh
O;Drh d`rh djrkr o uarj d`rhe/kwu gks.kkjh pqd vlY;kl rh kks/kr clsyvaxB;kps nqljs isjs ifgY;k is&;kis{kk eksBs vlsy rj cqf) o rdZkDrh pkaxyh vlrs- bPNkkDrh o d.k[kji.kk
vf/kd rhoz gks kdrkr- gs isjs pkaxys fodflr vlsy rj O;Drh gwkkj vlwu dks.kR;kgh xksVhaps vkdyu pVdu
pkaxY;kizdkjs d: kdrkr- pkaxyh ikj[k vlwu] fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph {kerk vlrs- nql&;kauk lYyk ns kdrkr- vkk O;Drh
[kwi fopkj djrhy i.k fopkj d`rhe/;s mrjrhyp vls ukgh- FkksMD;kr gh O;Drh cksy.;kr iVkbZr o d`rhghu vl.;kph
kD;rk vlrs- gs isjs Qkj ykac vlsy rj vkh O;Drh uSjk;kus xzklysyh vlrs- pSrU;ghu vlwu nql&;kaoj fookl u
Bso.kkjh ,derkus cksy.kkjh] rdZfuB cqf)pk vHkko fnlwu ;srks- lkjklkj fopkj dj.;kpk cqf) deh vlrs - fopkjke/;s
mrkfoGi.kk vlY;keqGs R;kaP;koj ipkrki dj.;kph osG ;srs- vk;q;ke/;s Qkj vMp.khauk rksaM |kos ykxrsnql&;k is&;kph ykach :anh pkaxyh vlsy rj vkh O;Drh O;ogkj prwj vlwu izR;sd xksVhapk ckjdkbZus fopkj djrs gs isjs lMikrG vkdkjkps vlY;kl vkh O;Drh izxYHk fopkjkaph vlrs ijarq eukus nqcZyh vlrs- vkk eukP;k nqcZyrspk
rdZfuB cqf)eRrsoj ifj.kke gksr vlrks- R;keqGs thoukr /;s; xkBw kdsyp vls ukgh- Eg.ktsp vkk O;Drhae/;s
vkRefookl deh vlrksvaxB;kps frljs isjs Eg.kts kq mapoVk gks; ifgY;k nksu is&;kais{kk gs isjs ykac vlrs- vFkkZr ;k fodflr frl&;k
is&;ke/;s kqkps xq.k/keZ LokHkkfodi.ks fnlwu ;srkr- gs xq.k Eg.kts izse] lgkuwHkqrh] okRlY;] mnkji.kk oxSjs- O;Drhe/;s
lqIrizek.kke/;s vlrkr- ijarq ;k frl&;k is&;kaps xq.k/keZ letwu ?ks.;klkBh ifgY;k nksu isjkapk fopkj dj.ks vko;d vkgs;k frugh isjkapk fopkj djrkuk rhoz bPNkkDrhyk ykx.kkjh rdZfuB cqf)eRrk vlsy rjp R;kP;ktoG vlysY;k lgkuqHkqrh]
13

mnkji.kk fdaok izseGi.kk ;kauk egRo YkkHksy i.k ifgY;k nksu is&;kaaph lkFk u feGkY;kl ;k frl&;k isjkP;k xq.kkapk nq:i;ksx
gks.;kpk laHkko vlrksifgys isjs pkSdksuh vxz % ifgys isjs fodflr vlwu vaxB;kps vxz pkSdksuh vlsy rj O;Drh cqf)eku vlwu dYiukkDrh
pkaxyh vlrs- R;keqGs O;ogkfjdrk deh gksu thou lq[kdj gks.;kl enr gksrslqiklkj[ks Vksd ifgys isjs fodflr vlwu lqiklkj[ks vxz vlY;kl O;Drh vfrk; cqf)eku vlwu lakks/ku dk;Z d: kdrsdYiuk Lora= vlrkr- thoukr dkgh uk dkgh feGo.;kph /kMiM vlrs- O;Drh gV~Vh o ygjh vlwu dkghosGsl fryk
vi;k iRdjkos ykxrsfueqGrs Vksd fdaok vxz % vaxB;kps ifgys isjs fdaok vxz fueqGrs vlsy rj vkh O;Drh ?;s;oknh vlrs- fryk ckSf)d
{ks=krhy dkekph vkoM vlrs- rhoz bPNkkDrh o d.k[kji.kk vlY;keqGs ifjJe d:u fpdkVhus vkiY;k dk;kZr ;kLoh
gksrkr- ijarq O;ogkjKkukpk vHkkogh fnlwu ;srks- O;Drh gV~Vh nqjkxzgh vlwu reksxq.k vf/kd vk<Grkr- vki.k Qkj EkksBs o
pkaxys vkgksr o nqljs eq[kZ nqcGs vkk fofp= dYiuk rs d:u ?ksrkrvfrfueqGrs Vksd % ifgys isjs fodflr vlrk- ifgys isjs ulkos- loZlk/kkj.k xq.k/kekZuk ck/kk ;smu vkh O;Drh frjlV LoHkko
vlysyh vlrsnqljs isjs pkSdksuh vxz % nqljs isjs fodflr vlwu vaxB;kps vxz pkSdksuh vlsy rj rdZfuB cqf)pk vf/kd /khV vlrs- vkk
O;Drh cgwJ`r gksmu nql&;kP;k ekukph idM ?ks kdrkr- vkk O;Drhaph eriz.kkyh fofkV izdkjph vl&;keqGs R;kaph
letwr dk<rk ;sr ukgh- O;ogkfjdrk vf/kd vlrs vkf.k foraMoknh o fo|sps ikfMR; nk[ko.kkjh vlrslqiklkj[ks vxz % nqljs isjs fodflr o lqiklkj[ks vxz vlsy rj vkh O;DRkh fujfujkG;k dYiukapk foLrkj d:u R;krwu
ufou ufou fuferh djr vlrkr fdaok rkh vkoM vlrs- nql&;kis{kk dkghls osxsGs dj.;kpk /;kl vlrks ,dw.kp vkk
O;Drhaps dk;Z{ks= thoukr mi;qqDr vkk xksVhaps lakks/ku dj.kkjs vlrkrfueqGrs vxz % fueqGrs vxz o nqljs isjs fodflr vlY;kl O;DRkhdMs O;ogkj Kkukpk FkksMk vHkko vlrks- Eg.kwu fopkj
MGeGhr vlrkr- vkRefooklkpk vHkko fnlwu ;srks- O;Drhojrh eq[kZi.kkpk ksjk feGrksvfrfueqGrs vxz % vfrfueqGrs vxz o nqljs isjs fodflr vlrk vk O;Drh papy o`Rrhph /kjlksMi.kk dj.kkjh o rdZcqf)pk
vHkko vl.kkjh vlrsvaxB;kP;k isjkojhy fpUg
vaxB;kP;k ifgY;k isjkoj 1rs3 mH;k jskk vlrhy rj bPNkkDrh nkZforkr- vkMO;k vf/kd jskk vlY;kl thoukr vMFkGs
;srkr- vaxB;ktoGP;k u[kktoG ckjhd jskk vlrk ofMyksikftZr laiRrh feGrsvaxB;kP;k ifgY;k isjko:u jskk fu?kwu vk;q; jsksyk feGkY;kl [kathjkiklwu ?kksdk vlrksifgY;k jsksrwu nksu jskk fu?kwu vk;q; jsksyk feGr vlrhy rj laiRrh;ksx nkZforkr- i.k ;kp jskk ,desdkauk fpdVwu tkr
vlrhy rj lV~Vk tqxkj] jsl] ;kaP;ke/;s iSlk ?kkyorhyifgY;k is&;koj vkMO;k jskk vlrk bPNkkDRkhe/ks vMFkGsifgY;k isjkoj Qqyh fpUg vlrk ,skkjke ok<rks
ifgY;k isjkoj u{k= fpUg vlrk vfurh nk[korsifgY;k isjkoj f=dks.k fpUg vlrk kkL=h; fok;kr euph ,dkxzrk nk[korsifgY;k isjkoj orqZG fpUg vlrk ;k nk[korsifgY;k isjkoj pkSdksu vlrk ,dkp fnksl eukph ,dkxzrk lk/kyh tkrs- tqyeh o`Rrh vk<GrsifgY;k isjkoj tkGh fpUg vlrk rs vkqHk vlwu vaxB;kP;k u[kktoG vlrk oSokfgd tksMhnkjkP;k vk;q;kyk /kksdk nk[kors
14

ifgY;k isjkoj pdz fpUg vlwu R;kph fnkk [kkyhy cktwl vlY;kl kqHkr nk[kors- ;o fpUg vlY;kl okjlk gDdkus iSlk
feGrks- bnz/kuqkh fpUg vlY;kl laiRrh ,so;Z vkf.k lq[kh thou vlrs-

vaxB;kP;k nql&;k isjkoj 1rs 3 mH;k jskk vlrk okd~pkrq;Z nk[korkrvkMO;k jskk fopkj o O;ogkjKku ;kapk vkHkko nkZforkrQqyh fpUg vlrk nql&;kaP;k fopkjkapk ixMk vlrksu{k= fpUg vlY;kl [kkyP;k ntkZph fopkj iz.kkyh nk[korsf=dks.k fpUg vlY;kl kkL= o rRoKku ;kr izxrh gksrsorZqG fpUg vlrk oknfooknkr ;kd feGrspkSdksu fpUg vlrk gVoknh LoHkko vlrks
TkkGh fpUg vlrk- LoSji.kk nkZforks O;DRh HkjdVysyh vlrs-

vaxB;kP;k nql&;k isjksiklwu vk;q;jsksi;Zar tk.kkjh jskk oSokfgd thoukr dVdVh nkZfors-

vaxB;kP;k ifgY;k lka/;kojhy fpUgs%

ckjhd vkMoh jskk % laiRrh ;ksx nkZforslka/;kyk oGlk ?kky.kkjh jskk vlY;kl Qkkhph fk{kk gksm kdrsvaxB;kP;k ifgY;k lka/;kiklwu 2 fdaok3 jskk [kkyh mrjr vlY;kl rj izseG o YkksHkl O;DRkheRo vlrs-

vaxB;kP;k nql&;k lka/;kojhy fpUgs

vaxB;kP;k nql&;k lka/;ko:u ,[kknh jskk lq: gksmu vk;q;jsksyk feGr vlsy rj iSlk o ofMyksikftZr ekyeRrk feGsy
nksu fdaok rhu jskk vlrhy rj tkLr laiRrh ;ksx nkZforkr- ;k lka/;kojhy mH;k BGdjskk nql&;k lka/;kojhy BGdjskk
mH;k vlrhy rj ca/kq;ksx vkf.k vLiV jskk vlrhy Hkfxuh nkZforkr-

u[ks
u[ks Eg.kts vkjksX;kps izfrfcac vkgs- dkj.k u[kkao:u O;DrhP;k izd`rhcn~nyph pkaxyh dYiuk ;srs- eqy xHkkZr vlrkuk
uoO;k vkBoM;kiklwu u[kkaP;k fufeZrhph lq:okr gksrs- u[kkapk vkdkj cgwrkakh ek.klkP;k gkrkP;k vkdkjkP;k Bso.kh izek.ks
vlrks[kksyxV vkdkjkph u[ks vkk izdkjph u[ks eqGkakh ncysyh vlrkr o cksVkaP;k vxziklwu nqj >kysyh fnlrkr- ;krwu izd`rh
cn~nypk fc?kkM nkZfoyk tkrks- vkk u[kkaoj ika<js Mkx vkysys vlrk vkDri.kk vlrks- vkDri.kk tlk ok<r tkrks R;k
izek.kkr gs Mkx ok<r tkrkr- izd`rhe/;s lq/kkj.kk gkrs R;k osGh ika<js Mkx ukfgls gksrkr- vkf.k u[kkapk [ksyxVi.kk deh
gksrks- vkk u[kkaojhy mH;k jskk vlY;kl {k; gks.;kph kD;rk vlrs fdaok lalxZtU; vktkj gksrkr- dkghosGk ;k jskkao:u
iksVnq[kh vkf.k la/khokrklkj[ks vktkj nkZfoys tkrkr- u[kkapk pdpdhi.kk deh gksmu R;koj panzklkj[ks fBids vf/kd nkV
15

gksu u[k fBlwG gks ykxrs- vkkosGh O;Drh kjhj izd`rhus vkDr fdaok ekufld nqcZyrsus iNkMysyh vlrs- e fBlwG
u[kkaojrh ika<js fBids vk<Grkr- R;kosGh rs kjhj ;a=.ksrhy dWyfk;e ps izek.k deh >kY;kps nkZforkrv:an u[ks % v:an u[ks T;k O;DRhe/;s vk<Gwu ;srkr R;k O;DRkhe/;s ekufld fdaok Luk;qaph nqcZyrk nk[kors- vkk izdkjps
u[k dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk fofkV izdkjpk vktkj nkZow u kdY;keqGs u[kkaP;k jaxkao:u vktkjkaph dYiuk gks.;kl enr gksrsgs u[k v:an vk[kwM okdysys vlsy rj e.kD;kps vktkj nkZforks- gs u[k ykac] ikrG o v:an vlsy rj O;Drh fHk=h o
peRdkjhd LoHkkokph vlrs- gs u[k vikjnkZd o pdpfdr ulY;kl ?k;kP;k fodkj nkZforkr- ;k v:an u[kke/;s tks
nqljk izdkj vkgs- rks O;DrhP;k nq[k.;kkh laca/k ulwu O;Drhps LoHkko oSfkV nk[kforks- gs u[k ojhy cktwl :an nksUgh cktwl
xksykdkj [kkyhy cktwl vf/kd :an vkf.k u[k yofpd vlY;kl vkk O;Drhpk LoHkko eueksdGk izkekf.kd vlwu ;ksX;
fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph {kerk o mPp dYiuk vlrkrvk[kwM u[ks % vk[kqM izdkjP;k u[kkae/;s O;Drhps vViSyqRo fnlwu ;srs- LokHkkfod dy rdZ o cqf) ;kdMs vlrks- oknfookn
dj.kkjh vl.kkjh vlwu rdZkq) fopkj dj.kkjh vlrs- ijarq pVdu jkxko.ks gks nksk O;Drhe/;s jgkrks- gs u[k ykachis{kk vf/kd
:an vlsy rj vkh O;Drh HkkaM[kksj o eukojhy rkck tku jkxko.kkjh] NksV;k NksV;k xksVhae/;s euLrki d:u ?ks.kkjhnql&;kapk eqn~nk iVyk rjh ekU; u dj.kkjh f[kykMw o`Rrhpk vHkko vl.kkjh fpfdRld o`Rrh vlrsu[ks eksBh o vkdkj xksykdj vlrk R;kosGh nek [kksdyk ;kaps funku djrk ;srs- vkdkjkus Qkj eksBh vl.kkjh u[ks
QqQwlkpk fodkj nkZforkr- cksVkP;k Vksdkoj u[kkph ok< gksrs vlrscksVkP;k ksoVh Qqxhj Hkkx vlrk {k;jksxkpk cks/k gksrks- vkk cksVkoj fuGlji.kkph NVk vk<Gwu vkY;kl O;Drh
Hk;kud jksxkph fkdkj gks kdrsojhy cktwl piVs o fkiY;klkj[ks [kkyP;k cktwl piVs fueqGrs u[k fBlwG o ika<js Mkx vlsysys vlrk
v/kkZaxok;wpk vktkj gks kdrkscnkeh vkdkj ;k izdkjps u[k vlwu rs pdpdhr o ;ksX; izek.kkr ykac o tkM vlsy rj O;DRh vkuanh o`Rrhph o izd`rhus mke
vlrs rjh lq)k vkk O;Drh vge~ekU; c<kbZ[kksj o vIiyiksVh vl.;kph kD;rk vlrsu[kkaojrh vkMO;k jskk vlrk xaHkhj Lo:ikP;k vktkjkph dYiuk ns rkr- dkGk fBidk nq%[ke; vk;q; nkZforksvaxB;kojP;k u[kkoj ika<jk Mkx ykasdkadMwu okgok o eku lUeku
vaxB;kP;k u[kkoj dkGk Mkx jDrkps nksk
rtZuhP;k u[kkoj vpkud /kuykHk
rtZuhP;k u[kkoj dkGk Mkx vlrk ekugkuh /kugkuh
e/;ekP;k u[kkoj ika<jk Mkx ijnsk ;k=k /kfeZd ;k=k
e/;ekP;k u[kkoj dkGk Mkx QkStnkjh xqUgk] cnukehpk /kksdk
vukfedsP;k u[kkoj ika<jk Mkx fdrhZ /kuykHk ljdkjh eku ejkrc
vukfedsP;k u[kkoj dkGk Mkx vkfFkZd uqdlku L=hizdj.kkr cnukeh
djaxGh ika<jk Mkx /kuizkIrh dtZeqDrh okgu;ksx /ka|ke/khy ;k
djaxGhP;k u[kkoj dkGk Mkx /ka|ke/;s gkuh fnokGa fu?kkya dtkZps vks>s-

16