Organ is a composition of

Competency standard :
tissues doing particular
To know relationship between
function together. Main
structure and function of plant tissue
plant organs that have
and it applying in environmental
vegetative characteristics
science of society and technology
context consist of root (radix), stem

Basic competency: (caulis), and leaf (folium).

To identified structure function of 1. Root
plant and correlating it with it Root is a plant organ that anchors into
function, to explain totipotency the soil. The function is to absorb water and
character as tissue culture basic mineral salts from the soil, strengthen the plant
Indicator: erection, store food, and as respiratory organ,
 To make plant organ microscopic e.g. mangrove root.
observation preserve In root anatomy, the orderly structure
 To observe structure of plant from outward to inward is epidermis, cortex,
organ
endodermis, and vascular cylinder.
Main matter:
a. Epidermis
Observation structure of tissues
The epidermis of root consists of
of plant organ
a single layer cell that is tighly packed
without intercellular air space. The
walls are thin and semi permeable. The
presence of epidermal cell behind the
growth point of root causes the root
surface larger; therefore the substance
absorption becomes more efficient.
b. Cortex
Cortex of root consists of
multiple layers of cells with thin walls.
The cells are loosely arranged so they
 have many intercellular spaces. The
cells often contain starch as food
storage or even crystal.
c. Endodermis
Endodermis consists of one layer cell that is tightly packed
without intercellular air space, located in the innermost layer of cortex.
Young cells of endodermis have thin and semi permeable walls.
d. Stele (Vascular Cylinder)
Stele is located in the innermost of endodermis. It consists of
several tissues, as follows.
 Pericycle (pericambium), which is the outer layer of stele.
 Vascular bundle, which consists of xylem and phloem on alternating
radii.
 Pith, which is the tissue between vascular bundle that consists of
parenchyma tissues.
2. Stem
Stem is a plant organ which grows on ground surface. The functions
are to conduct water and mineral salts from root to leaves, to conduct nutrition
from leaves throughout plant body, as a place to store food, and as the
attachment site of leaves, flowers, and fruits.
a. Dicotyledon Stem
Dicotyledon stem grows from apical meristem which makes the
stem always elongate. The part of the apical meristem is called growth
point. The tissues that compose dicotyledon stem, from the epidermis
inward are: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pith, cambium, phloem,
xylem, and pith rays.
b. Monocotyledon Stem
 Monocotyledon stem has small apical meristem and consists of
epidermis, ground meristem, and vascular bundle. Monocotyledon has
scattered vascular bundle on the ground meristem and closed collateral
type. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by bundle sheath (sclerenchyma
bundle) which is usually thick, particularly on the sheath edge.
3. Leaf
Leaf has several functions, such as a place for photosynthesis, to
absorb CO2 from environment, and to discharge excessive water. Leaf consists
of some tissues, dermal tissue (epidermis), ground tissue (mesophyll), and
vascular tissue.
1.2 Activity
A. Purpose : Observing the tissues of plant organ (stem).
B. Tools and Materials
1. a microscope
2. some object glasses
3. some cover glasses
4. a razor
5. a piece of blotting paper
6. some aniline sulfate solution 1%
7. a slice of stem of corn (Zea mays) and peanut (Arachis hypogea)
C. Procedures:
1. Make cross section on stem available plant by using a razor. Try to cut as
thin as possible.
2. Put the section on different object glass that has been dropped by aniline
sulfate.
3. Cover the object glass with the cover glass.
4. Observe the specimens that you have made by using the microscope with
magnification start from 10 x 10, then with larger magnification.
5. Draw the observed parts and give explanation.
Questions:
1. What are the differences between the structure of stem of corn (Zea mays)
and that of peanut (Arachis hypogea)?
2. On what magnification can the tissue specimens be clearly observed?