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This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B. Answer all questions in
Section A and two questions from Section B.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B. Jawab semua
soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B.

Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks/ 60 markah]
1. Diagram 1 shows organelle X and organelle Y in a living cell.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan organel X dan organel Y dalam sel hidup.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) Name the organelle shown above.
Namakan organel yang ditunjukkan di atas.
Organelle X :
____________________________________________________________________
Organelle Y :
____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(b) State the main function of each organelle.
Nyatakan fungsi utama setiap organel
Organelle X :
____________________________________________________________________
Organelle Y :
____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]

(c) (i) State the type of cell that contains numerous organelle X and organelle Y
respectively.
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Nyatakan jenis sel yang mengandungi banyak organel X dan organel Y.
Organelle X :
___________________________________________________________________
Organelle Y :
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) Predict what would happen to the cells stated in (c), if organelle X and Y
are absent respectively.
Nyatakan apakah yang akan terjadi kepada sel yang dinyatakan dalam (c),
jika organel X dan organel Y tidak hadir.
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(d) Explain two differences between the processes that occur in organelle X and
organelle Y
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku dalam organel X dan
organel Y
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(e) The presence of organelle X in plant cells is a characteristic which
differentiates them from animal cells. State two other characteristics which
can only be found in plant cells.
Kehadiran organel X dalam sel tumbuhan ialah ciri yang membezakan antara
organel X dengan sel haiwan. Nyatakan dua lagi perbezaan yang hanya
terdapat dalam sel tumbuhan.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
2. Diagram 2 shows the mechanism of an enzyme action.

Diagram 2/ Rajah 2
(a) (i) Name the structures labeled K, L and M.
Nyatakan struktur yang berlabel K, L dan M.
K:
____________________________________________________________________________
L:
____________________________________________________________________________
M:
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___________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/3 markah]
(ii) Based on Diagram 2, which structure would be denatured if the
temperature is increased?
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, struktur yang manakah akan ternyahasli jika suhu
ditingkatkan.
______________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]

(b) (i) State three characteristics of the enzyme shown in Diagram 2.

Nyatakan tiga ciri-ciri bagi enzim yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/3 markah]
(ii) Why is enzyme said to be highly specific?
Mengapakah enzim dikatakan sebagai spesifik?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/3 markah]
(c)

Biological enzymes are added to the washing powder to boost its

effectiveness
Enzim biologi ditambahkan kepada serbuk pencuci untuk
State one example of a biological enzyme that can be added to washing
powder. Explain the action of this enzyme.
Nyatakan satu contoh enzim biologi yang ditambah kepada serbuk pencuci
tersebut. Terangkan tindakan bagi enzim tersebut.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows a stage in cell division in a somatic cell of an organism.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan peringkat pembahagian sel dalam sel somatik bagi satu
organisma.

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1

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(a) (i) Name the parts labeled P and Q.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel P dan Q.
P : ___________________________________________________________________________
Q :___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) State the function of Q.
Nyatakan fungsi bagi Q.
_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark1 markah]
(b) (i) Name the stage of cell division in Diagram 3.
Namakan peringkat bagi pembahagian sel dalam Rajah 3.
_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark1 markah]
(ii)Name the stage that would occur after the stage 1.
Namakan peringkat yang berlaku selepas peringkat 1.
_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark1 markah1 markah1 markah]
(iii) Draw the cell at the stage in cell division that you have stated in (b)(ii).
Lukis sel pada peringkat pembahagian sel yang anda nyatakan dalam (b)
(ii)

[2 marks/2 markah]
(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the stages in the cell division in a reproductive organ of
the organism.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukan peringkat-peringkat dalam pembahagian sel dalam
organ pembiakan bagi organism.

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Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2

(i)

What has occurred at X? Explain.

Apakah yang berlaku pada X? Terangkan.

_____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii)

State two differences between the process of cell division in Diagram 3.2
and process of cell division in Diagram 3.1.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara proses pembahagian sel dalam Rajah 3.2
dan proses pembahagian sel dalam Rajah 3.1

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks2 markah]
(d) What would occur if the cell in Diagram 3.2 is exposed to radioactive rays.
Explain.
Apakah yang berlaku jika sel dalam Rajah 3.2 terdedah kepada sinar
radioaktif. Terangkan.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
4. Diagram 4 shows the `lock and key hypothesis in mechanism of enzyme
reaction.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan hipotesis `mangga dan kunci di dalam mekanisme tindak
balas enzim.
Sucrase

Fructose

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Sucrose

S:

Diagram 4
Rajah 4
(a) Label S in Diagram 4
Labelkan S di dalam Rajah 4
[1
mark/1 markah]
(b) Based on the Diagram 4, state two characteristics of the enzyme explained
by this
hypothesis.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4, nyatakan dua ciri enzim yang dijelaskan oleh hipotesis
ini.
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(c) Based on the Diagram 4, explain the sucrase reaction if
Berdasarkan Rajah 4, terangkan tindakbalas sukrase jika
(i) Medium temperature is 600C
Suhu medium ialah 600C
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/3 markah]
(ii)

pH medium value is 3
Nilai pH medium ialah 3
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]

(d)

Enzymes are widely used in our daily life and industries

Enzim banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian dan dalam
industri
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Explain examples of the applications of enzymes in :

Terangkan contoh aplikasi enzim dalam :
(i) Dairy products industry
Industri hasilan tenusu
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii) Cereal grains products industry
Industri hasilan makanan bijirin
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
5. Diagram 5.1 shows two strips of mustard green stem after 20 minutes
immersed into two different solutions P and Q.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan dua jalur batang sawi selepas 20 minutes direndam
di dalam dua larutan yang berbeza, iaitu P dan Q.

Epidermal layer
Lapisan epidermis

Epidermal layer
Lapisan epidermis

P
Distilled water/ Air Suling
Diagram 5.1/Rajah 5.1
(a) Based on the Diagram 5.1
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1
(i) State the type of solution Q.
Nyatakan jenis larutan Q
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]

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(ii) Explain how the solution Q affects the condition of the cells in the strip
that have been immersed.
Terangkan bagaimana larutan Q mempengaruhi keadaan sel di dalam
jalur sawi yang telah direndamkan.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[2
marks/2 markah]

(iii)If strip from the solution Q is transferred into solution P, explain what will
happen to the cells in the strip after 20 minutes.
Jika jalur dari solution Q dipindahkan ke dalam solution P, terangkan apa
yang akan berlaku kepada sel dalam jalur tersebut selepas 20 minit.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/3 markah]
(b) Diagram 5.2 shows the red blood cells in different concentrations of solutions.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sel darah merah di dalam larutan yang berlainan
kepekatan.

Red blood cells X in 3% sodium chloride Red

solution
blood
after
cells
30Y minutes
in 0.1% sodium chloride solution after 30 minutes
Sel darah merah X dalam larutan natrium
Sel
klorida
darah3%
merah
selepas
Y dalam
30 minit
larutan natrium klorida 0.1% selepas 30 m

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Explain the differences between the process experienced by the red blood
cell X and Y after being immersed for half an hour.
Terangkan perbezaan di antara proses yang dialami oleh sel darah merah X
dan Y setelah direndam 30 minit.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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[3 marks/3 markah]

(c) Vinegar is natural preservative that can be used to preserve fruits and
vegetables to last longer. Explain how the preservative is effective in the
preservation of mangoes.
Cuka adalah pengawet semulajadi yang boleh digunakan untuk mengawet
buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran. Terangkan bagaimana pengawet tersebut
berkesan dalam pengawetan buah mangga.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3marks/3 markah]

Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks/ 40 markah]

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the structure of protozoa, a unicellular organism which lives in a
freshwater pond.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur bagi protozoa, organism unisel yang hidup di kolam air tawar.

Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1

Explain the function of P in osmoregulation.
Terangkan fungsi bagi P dalam pengosmokawalaturan
[4 marks/4 markah]
(b) Give the comparisons between facilitated diffusion and active transport in the movement of
molecules across the plasma membrane.
Berikan perbandingan antara resapan berbantu dengan pengangkutan aktif dalam
pergerakan molekul merentasi membran plasma.
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[8 marks/8 markah]
(c) Diagram 6.2 and diagram 6.3 show two ways of preserving fish and vegetables.
Rajah 6.2 dan Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan dua cara pengawetan ikan dan sayur.

Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2

Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3

Describe how the preservatives are effective in the preservation of these food.
Terangkan bagaimana pengawetan efektif dalam pengawetan makanan tersebut.
[8 marks/8 markah]
7. Diagram 7.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of an extracellular enzyme in
an animal cell.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan enzim luar sel di
dalam sel haiwan.

Diagram 7.1/ Rajah 7.1

(a)

Based on Diagram 7.1, explain the processes involved in the production of extracellular enzymes.
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Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, terangkan proses-proses yang terlibat dalam penghasilan
enzim luar sel.
[6 marks/6 markah]
Diagram 7.2 shows two types of complex molecules.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua jenis molekul kompleks.

Diagram 7.2/ Rajah 7.2

Based on Diagram 7.2, explain
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2, terangkan
(i)
the formation of molecules X
pembentukan molekul X
(ii)

the breakdown of molecule Y

penguraian molekul Y
[4 marks/4 markah]

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Starch, protein and lipid can be hydrolysed by the enzymes X, Y and Z respectively.
Diagram 7.3 is a graph which shows the effect of pH on the rate of enzyme activity.
Kanji, protein dan lemak boleh dihidrolisiskan oleh enzim X,Y dan Z.
Rajah 7.3 adalah graf menunjukkan kesan pH terhadap aktiviti enzim.

Diagram 6.3/Rajah 6.3

(c)

Based on the Diagram 7.3, name X, Y and Z and explain how the changes in pH affects enzyme
activity.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, namakan X, Y dan Z dan terangkan bagaimana perubahan pH
menjejaskan aktiviti enzim.
[10 marks/10 markah ]

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8. Diagram 8 shows the cytokinesis that occurs in an onion cell.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan sitokinesis yang berlaku dalam sel bawang.

Diagram 8/Rajah 8
(a)(i) Briefly describe the term of cytokinesis.
Huraikan secara ringkas maksud sitokinesis.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
(ii) Explain in detail how cytokinesis occurs in an onion cells as shown in Diagram
8.
Terangkan secara terperinci bagaimana sitokinesis berlaku di dalam sel
bawang seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.
[7 marks/ 7 markah]
(b) (i) Explain how cancer cells are formed.
Terangkan bagaimana sel kanser terbentuk.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
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(ii) Decribe three differences between normal cells and cancer cells.
Terangkan tiga perbezaam antara sel-sel normal dengan sel-sel kanser.
[6 marks/ 6 markah]
(iii) Draw and label the diagrams for each of the normal cells and cancer cells to
show how they grow.
Lukis dan label rajah bagi setiap sel normal dan sel kanser untuk
menunjukkan bagaimana sel-sel
ini bertumbuh.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

9. (a) Diagram 9.1 shows activity carries by a construction company in forest areas.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh sebuah syarikat pemaju di kawasan
hutan.

Diagram 9.1/ Rajah 9.1

Based on your biological knowledge, justify why does this activity has to be stopped.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, justifikasi mengapa aktiviti ini harus dihentikan.
[10 marks/10 markah]
(b)

Diagram 9.2 shows evidences of development, urbanization and industrial practices. It

is needed to develop the rises of human population
Diagam 9.2 menunjukkan bukti-bukti pembangunan , urbanisasi dan aktiviti-aktiviti
perkilangan. Ia merupakan keperluan apabila populasi manusia meningkat.

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Diagram 9.2/ Diagram 9.2

Justify the effects of unplanned development into the ecosystem.
Justifikasikan kesan pembangunan yang tidak terancang terhadap ekosistem.
[10 markah/ 10 marks]

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