1

M U

Tnh cp thit ca ti
Hin nay Vit nam ni ring v th gii ni chung nhu cu v nng lng
in ngy mt tng cao trong khi cc nh my in s dng cc ngun nng lng
truyn thng nh thu in, nhit in... l cc dng nng lng ang ngy cng cn
kit v gy mt cn bng sinh thi, nhim mi trng. Ngun in nng khai thc t
cc nh my in nguyn t c chi ph ln v cng tim n nguy c gy mt an ton.
Bi vy vic s dng ngun nng lng sch, c kh nng ti to nh nng lng gi,
nng lng mt tri... l mt xu hng ang c pht trin mnh trn th gii. Tuy
nhin ngun nng lng mt tri cng ang trong giai on pht trin v mi ch c
thc hin vi cng sut nh. Do vy vic s dng ngun nng lng ti to t gi ang
ngy cng c quan tm pht trin nhiu quc gia trn ton cu.
Cc h thng bin i nng lng gi hin nay thng c xu hng s dng
my in khng ng b ngun kp gn vi cc tuc bin lm my pht in gim
gi thnh do cc b bin i c t pha rotor ch phi lm vic vi khong 1/3
cng sut tng ca h thng my pht. ng thi, do kh nng c th lm vic trong
mt khong thay i tc rng, cc h thng pht in sc gi s dng my in
khng ng b ngun kp c hiu sut bin i nng lng cao hn so vi vic s
dng cc my pht khng ng b rotor lng sc hay ng b kch thch vnh cu vi
b bin i t pha stator.
Cc h thng cung cp v truyn ti in cng ngy cng c yu cu kht khe
hn v cht lng ngun in. V vy, cc thit b pht in u ni vi li, trong
c cc h thng my pht in sc gi vn ngy cng chim t trng ng k trong
tng dung lng in nng ca nhiu quc gia, cng phi m bo cc yu cu cht
lng ra. Mt khc khi cc h thng ny tp hp thnh c "vn" sc gi th vn
tr li vi mc tiu trnh r l i l mt i hi ht sc cp thit. c bit, khi h
thng phn phi b s c sp li th cc h thng my pht ny khng c php ct
khi li mt cch khng c kim sot v c th lm cho li li cng trm trng thm
v vic khi phc li sau s c cng s tr ln kh khn hn. Khi vn hnh cc h
thng pht in sc gi phi m bo yu cu c th duy tr tnh trng lm vic song
song vi li khi xy ra s c sp li v ti lp li trng thi lm vic bnh thng

cng sm cng tt sau khi s c li li c loi b. Khng nhng th, h thng iu

khin pha li trong cc h thng my pht sc gi hin i cn yu cu phi c kh
nng h tr li trong sut qu trnh li li, k c li li i xng v li li khng
i xng.
Hin nay c mt s cc cng trnh nghin cu v kh nng tr li trong h
thng pht in chy sc gi. Tuy nhin, vic iu khin tr li khi xy ra li li
khng i xng cn cha c nghin cu mt cch y . ng thi vn kt hp
hn ch nh hng ca sng hi gy ra bi cc ti phi tuyn, vi ti phi tuyn y
c hiu l nhng ti gy ra mo dng in p cng cha c quan tm mt cch
trit .
Bi vy tc gi chn ti nghin cu "Sch lc iu khin nhm nng cao
tnh bn vng tr li ca h thng pht in chy sc gi s dng my in
khng ng b ngun kp" nhm hon thin cc vn cn ang b ng hoc cha
quan tm gii quyt trit nh k trn.
Mc ch nghin cu
ti tp trung nghin cu xy dng sch lc iu khin tr li ca h thng
pht in chy sc gi s dng my pht khng ng b ngun kp nhm nng cao
kh nng tr li ca h thng.
Cc ni dung chnh ca lun n
Nghin cu xut sch lc iu khin tr li cho nghch lu (hoc b bin
i) pha my pht. Khi c li li, b bin i pha my pht c iu khin bo
m qu trnh vn hnh ng b, khng cn ct my pht ra khi li phn phi.
Nghin cu p dng phng php cng sut tc thi v b lc a bin xc
nh cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca in p v dng in phc v cho vic
iu khin tr li i xng v khng i xng.
xut phng php tng hp b iu khin i xng nng cao kh nng tr
li khng i xng bng cch iu khin ring r cc thnh phn th t thun v
ngc ca mt h thng ba pha khng c dy trung tnh vi cc tiu ch khc nhau cho
tng thnh phn. Vi phng php ny th cc tn hiu t ca b iu khin dng pha
li c tng hp t cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca dng li trn cc trc
ta quay tng ng.

xut mt cu trc iu khin cho ton b h thng my pht in sc gi s

dng my pht in ngun kp. ch xc lp (khng c li li), b iu khin
pha li ng vai tr mt b lc tch cc lm cho dng in li c dng hnh sin
hn khi lm vic vi cc ti phi tuyn v lm vic nh mt b b cng sut phn khng
h tr li. Khi li li, k c li li khng i xng th b iu khin tng hp
i xng c a vo lm vic h tr in p li v lm cn bng dng i n
trong cc pha.
La chn s dng phng php thit k phi tuyn da trn nguyn l ta theo
th ng (passivitybased) iu khin b bin i pha my pht ca h thng my
pht sc gi s dng my in khng ng b ngun kp.
Kim chng cc thut ton iu khin thng qua cc m phng trong mi trng
Matlab-Simulink-Plecs.
i tng v phm vi nghin cu
i tng nghin cu l h thng pht my pht sc gi s dng my pht
khng ng b ngun kp.
Phm vi nghin cu c gii hn trong vic p dng phng php thit k phi
tuyn da trn nguyn l ta theo th ng.
Phm vi nghin cu chnh ca lun n l tm ra sch l c iu khin tr li cho
b iu khin pha my pht v tch hp chc nng lc tch cc v b iu khin pha
li vi h thng ba pha ba dy c hoc khng c dy trung tnh.
ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti
ngha khoa hc chnh ca lun n l xy dng nn tng l thuyt cho sch
lc tr li khi xut hin li li i xng hay khng i xng m lun n xut
Hai ngh a thc tin chnh l khng ch m phng thnh cng m cn ch ra tnh
kh thi ca sch lc iu khin tr li v tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo b iu
khin nghch lu pha li.
Nhng ng gp ca lun n
Xy dng v m phng thnh cng sch lc iu khin tr li khng i xng
trn c s phn tch cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca h thng ba pha khng
c dy trung tnh. Lun n gii quyt vn iu khin tr li mt cch trit hn
so vi cc phng php iu khin tr li hin ti.

chng minh kh nng tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo h thng iu

khin my pht sc gi s dng my in khng ng b ngun kp ci thin cht
lng in nng khi lm vic vi cc ti phi tuyn.
Cu trc lun n
Phn u ca chng 1 tr nh by khi qut v h thng my pht sc gi v cc
c im c bn ca cc h thng bin i nng lng gi hin nay trong nhn
mnh vo h thng tuc bin s dng my pht khng ng b ngun kp, s lc v
cc phng php iu khin my pht ngun kp v gii thiu phng php iu khin
passivity-based. Phn tip theo ca chng 1 trnh by v mt s vn t ra trong
vn hnh li in k c nh hng ca sng hi gy ra bi cc ti phi tuyn. Phn
cui ca chng cp chi tit hn n nh hng ca li li v yu cu tr li ca
h thng pht in sc gi, cc bin php khc ph li li hin nay c nghin
cu v nhng vn cn b ng hoc cha c quan tm trit (k c i vi h
thng 3 pha 4 dy). T gii thiu s b v phng php iu khin tng hp i
xng cho h thng 3 pha 3 dy. Chi tit ca phng php iu khin tng hp i xng
c trnh by chi tit trong chng 3.
Chng 2 c dnh trnh by vic m hnh ha cc thnh phn, cu trc v
cc thut ton iu khin c bn nht c s dng trong mt h thng my pht in
sc gi. C th, phn u ca chng 2 l cc bc xy dng m hnh my in khng
ng b ngun kp v m hnh trng thi ca li trn h trc ta ta theo vector
in p li dq . Trn c s cc m hnh ton c xy dng cu trc iu khin
pha my pht t thit k b iu khin pha my pht da trn phng php
passivity-based. Tip l s lc v vic ha ng b, cc iu kin m bo ha
ng b vi li, khi qut v vic duy tr hoc ngt my pht trong mt s iu kin
c th. Phn cui ca chng 2 trnh by v vic xy dng cu trc iu khin pha
li t thit k b iu khin pha li da trn phng php tuyn tnh dead-beat.
Chng 3 tr nh by cc ni dung chnh ca lun n. Phn u ca chng 3 gii
thiu khi qut v ng hc my pht ngun kp khi sp li. Tc hi ca vic sp li
i vi h thng truyn ti cng nh bn thn h thng pht in sc gi. Phn tip
theo trnh by phng php kinh in s dng h thng in tr tiu tn nhm bo v
b bin i pha rotor trong khi vn m bo iu kin ha ng b vi li. Cc ng
gp ca ti nghin cu th hin phn iu khin b bin i pha li khi c cc
trng thi li li khc nhau. Trc tin l li li i xng, k c s suy gim v mo

dng in p li gy ra bi cc ti phi tuyn c cng sut ln trong cc li yu. T

, mt b lc tch cc c xut ci thin cht lng in nng. Phn cui cng
ca chng cp mt cch chi tit sch lc nng cao kh nng tr li khng i
xng. y cng chnh l ni dung nghin cu chnh ca ti. Phn cui ca chng 3
xut cu trc iu khin tng th cho ton b h thng my pht in sc gi s
dng my pht in ngun kp. Theo , trong qu trnh lm vic bnh thng th b
iu khin pha li ng vai tr mt b lc tch cc lm cho dng i n li c
dng hnh sin hn khi lm vi c vi cc ti phi tuyn. Khi c li li, k c li li
khng i xng th b iu khin tng hp i xng s c a vo lm vic h
tr in p li v lm cn bng dng in trong cc pha.
Chng 4 trnh by cc s m phng, cc kt qu nghin cu v vic ha
ng b, cc c tnh iu khin v bo v b bin i pha my pht trong ch lm
vic bnh thng cng nh khi xy ra li li, kho st kh nng h tr li v kh
nng suy gim sng hi khi s dng chc nng lc tch cc. Trng tm ca chng 4
dnh cho cc kt qu nghin cu v iu khin b bin i pha li khi sp li i
xng v khng i xng. Cc kt qu ny c cp trong hai trng hp. Trng
hp th nht l khi my pht ngun kp lm vic trong ch bnh thng v khng
p dng bin php iu khin tr li. T cc kt qu nghin cu ny c th nh gi
c mc nh hng ca vic li li i vi cc thnh phn khc nhau trong h
thng iu khin khi khng p dng sch lc iu khin tr li. Trng hp th hai
l khi p dng sch lc tr li trong qu trnh xy ra li li. T cc kt qu nghin
cu ny c th nh gi c hiu qu ca sch lc iu khin tr li bng vic so
snh vi cc kt qu m phng trong trng hp khng c cc bin php x l li li.
Phn cui cng l mt s kt lun v kin ngh.

Chng 1. Tng quan

1.1 Khi qut v nng lng gi
Nng lng gi nhn c quan tm nhiu hn trn th gii k t nhng
nm 1970 khi gi du m trn th gii ngy cng tng cao. c bit, s pht trin nng
lng gi c s bng n trong nhng thp k gn y do yu cu v s dng nng
lng sch, nng lng ti to. Cc s liu thng k c cng b bi Hi ng nng
lng gi ton cu trong thng 5 nm 2008 cho bi t dung lng ca cc h thng
my pht in chy sc gi ti hn 70 nc trn th gii t xp x 94.000 MW [39].
Ch tnh ring trong Lin minh chu u th dung l ng ca cc h thng pht in chy
sc gi tng trng 18% trong nm 2007 v t n 56.535 MW [35]. Trong khi
dung lng M tng t khong 1.800 MW thi im nm 1990 ti hn
16.800 MW cui nm 2007 [12, 26].
Cc h thng bin i nng lng gi s dng cc my in gn vi cc
tuc-bin lm my pht in c th hin trn hnh 1.1.
H thng
pht in sc gi

My pht mt
chiu

My pht xoay
chiu

My pht xoay
chiu 1 pha

My pht xoay
chiu 3 pha

My pht ng b
kch thch vnh cu

My pht khng
ng b

My pht khng
ng b 3 pha rotor
lng sc

My pht khng
ng b 3 pha
ngun kp

Hnh1.1: Cc loi my pht in c s dng trong h thng pht in sc gi

Cc my in xoay chiu c s dng trong cc h thng my pht sc gi c
th l loi my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu, my pht khng ng b rotor lng

sc v my pht khng ng b ba pha rotor dy qun. Ngy nay, cc h thng

tuc-bin gi hin i thng s dng cc my in khng ng b ba pha rotor dy
qun vi cc b bin i c t pha rotor. Cc my pht nh vy cn c gi l
cc my pht khng ng b ngun kp (MPKBNK). Bn cnh kh nng lm vic
vi di bin thin tc ln xung quanh tc ng b th mt u im quan trng
ca cc MPKBNK l ch cc b bin i ch cn m bo kh nng lm vic vi
khong 30% cng sut tng ca my pht [25, 28, 42, 46]. iu ny cho php gim
c dung lng ca cc b bin i v gi thnh ca h thng [25, 28, 29, 32, 42, 84] .
Chnh v vy, cc MPKBNK ngy cng c s dng nhiu trong cc h thng my
pht in sc gi mc d kh iu khin hn so vi loi my pht ng b kch thch
vnh cu v my pht khng ng b rotor lng sc.
c tnh ca MPKBNK trong cc ch lm vic khc nhau v dng chy
nng lng tng ng c minh ha trn hnh 1.2.
S
n

-1

Trn ng b
Ch my pht
0>s>-

Trn ng b
Ch ng c
0>s>-

ns

Di ng b
Ch my pht
1>s>0

Di ng b
Ch ng c
1>s>0

1
m
(a)

Li in

Li in

Rotor
Stator

(b)

Rotor
Stator

(c)

Hnh1.2: Cc ch vn hnh ca MPKBNK v d ng chy nng lng tng ng.

(a) cc ch vn hnh, (b) dng chy nng lng ch di ng b, (c) dng
chy nng lng ch trn ng b.

1.2 H thng pht in sc gi s dng my in khng ng b ngun kp v

cc phng php iu khin
S khi tng th ca mt h thng bin i nng lng gi c v trn
hnh 1.3 Trong cc cun dy stator ca MPKBNK c ni trc tip vi li. Cc
cun dy rotor c ni vi hai b bin i, mt pha rotor c gi l b bin i
pha rotor, mt pha li c gi l b bin i pha li. Hai b bin i lin h vi
nhau thng qua mch mt chiu trung gian.

Gi

!
MPKBNK

in p
mt chiu
trung gian

AC

AC
DC

DC

B iu khin
pha my pht

B iu khin
pha li

cos'

Te

Q g

iu khin
gc pitch

u dc

Qun l
h thng

iu khin turbine

Hnh 1.3: H thng my pht sc gi [45]

H thng iu khin trn hnh 1.3 gm c hai phn chnh: phn iu khin tuc
bin v phn iu khin my pht ngun kp [20]. Phn iu khin tuc bin cung cp
cc gi tr t ca cng sut tc dng hay mmen in t Te* cho phn iu khin my
pht ngun kp. Gi tr t ny c tnh ton da trn tc gi o c v mt bng
tra nhm ra quyt nh la chn cng sut u ra ti u tng ng vi tc quay ca
tuc bin. Mt tn hiu t khc l gc iu chnh pitch p c a trc tip ti b
phn iu chnh gc pitch ca cc cnh gi iu khin tc tuc bin. Trong khi ,
mc tiu ca phn iu khin my pht ngun kp l gi cho cc cng sut tc dng v

cng sut phn khng ca my pht cc gi tr mong mun.

1.2.1 Cng sut ca tuc bin gi

Cng sut ca tuc bin gi c tnh theo cng thc sau [29, 48, 65, 66]:
Ptb =

1
3
tb Rcg2 vgm
Ctb
2

(1.1)

Trong , tb l mt khng kh ( kg/m 3 ), Rcg bn knh ca cnh gi ( m ),

v gm l tc gi mt khong cch xa pha trc cnh gi ( m/s ), Ctb l h s

ph thuc vo cu trc hnh hc ca tuc bin gi v c cho bi

Ctb = f ( p , tb )

(1.2)

vi p l gc xoay ca cnh gi so vi mt ct ngang i qua trung tm ca

cnh gi v c gi tt l gc pitch, tb l mt h s ph thuc vo c tc gc
quay ca tuc bin tb v tc gi v gm
tb (t ) =

tb (t ) Rcg
vgm (t )

(1.3)

Lu rng theo cc ti liu nghin cu th gi tr cc i ca Ctb l 0.593 v

cn c gi l gii hn Betz [19, 41, 59, 66].
Cc cng thc (1.1), (1.2) v (1.3) cho thy l cng sut ca tuc bin gi ph
thuc vo cu trc ca tuc bin gi, gc pitch, tc gi v tc gc quay ca tuc
bin. V vy, vi mt gc pitch c nh v mt mc gi cho trc th cng sut ca
mt tuc bin gi cn ph thuc tc quay ca n na.
1.2.2. iu khin tuc bin gi
Nh trnh by trong mc 1.2.1, duy tr cng sut c bin i t nng
lng gi thnh cng sut c trn trc ca tuc bin l cc i th cn phi m bo gi
tr ca h s Ctb l ti u ng vi tng tc gi trong di tc gi cho php. Vic
iu chnh sao cho tc tuc bin t c gi tr cho php pht ra cng sut nh
c thc hin thng qua vic iu khin gc pitch. tc gi nm ngoi di tc
cho php ca tuc bin th th cn phi ct my pht ra khi li v s dng phanh c
kh gi cho tuc bin khng quay. Mun nh vy th tc trc c ca tuc bin gi
(c kt ni vi trc rotor ca MPKBNK thng qua mt hp s) phi c iu

10

khin bm theo ng c tnh ti u cho php khai thc cng sut ti a ng vi

tng tc gi nh c th hin cc cng thc (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) v hnh 1.4.
y cng chnh l mt ch nhn c s quan tm nghin cu kh rng ri [16,
19, 23, 48, 62, 80].

Hnh 1.4: Cc vng lm vic ca mt tuc bin gi (nt m: c tnh cng sut
ti u ca h thng)

Hnh 1.4 l mt v d v mi quan h gia cng sut ca mt tuc bin vi tc

gc quay ca n ng vi cc tc gi khc nhau. ng c tnh cng sut ti u ca
tuc bin c th hin bng nt m v c m t nh sau [66]:
Khi tc gi nm trong khong t tc nh nht cho php v tng cho n khi
cng sut ca my pht t gi tr ln nht cho php th tc quay ca tuc bin gi
c iu chnh sao cho Ctb t c gi tr ti u cng sut bin i t nng
lng gi ng vi mi tc gi l ln nht. Vng lm vic nh vy cn c gi l
vng ti u cng sut.
Khi cng sut ca my pht t n gii hn ln nht cho php m tc gi
vn tip tc tng th c th iu chnh tc quay ca tuc bin ng vi tng tc gi
sao cho Ctb t c gi tr nh hn gi tr ti u hoc iu chnh gc pitch gi
cho cng sut c trn trc ca tuc bin l hng s. Vng lm vic nh vy cn c
gi l vng cng sut khng i.

11

Khi vic iu chnh h s Ctb v gc pitch mc ti hn m tc gi vn

tip tc tng th buc phi ct my pht bo v tuc bin v cc b bin i cng
sut.
Cn ch rng vic iu chnh tc quay ca tuc bin c th thc hin trc
tip bng cch thay i gc pitch ca cnh gi, thay i hng nhn gi ca cc cnh
gi hoc thc hin gin tip thng qua vic iu chnh cng sut u ra ca my pht.

1.2.3 iu khin h thng my pht ngun kp

Cc thit k iu khin MPKBNK kinh in vi cc b iu khin kiu PI
c trnh by trong [18, 44, 65, 67, 69, 75]. c im chung ca cc phng php ny
l c thm mt thnh phn b kiu feed-forward u ra ca cc b iu khin nhm
loi b cc nh hng ca lc phn in ng ca my. Chi tit ca vn ny c
trnh by trong [84]. Tuy nhin, tnh nng ca cc b b feed-forward ph thuc vo
chnh xc ca cc tham s ca MPKBNK nn thng khng c c c tnh lm
vic l tng trong thc t do cc tham s MPKBNK c th b bin i trong qu
trnh lm vic. Mt phng php iu khin MPKBNK kinh in khc l iu khin
dead-beat c trnh by trong [49, 72]. Tuy nhin, phng php ny da trn vic gi
thit tn s rotor l hng trong phm vi mt chu k trch mu T, dn n m hnh gin
on ca MPKBNK l m h nh tuyn tnh h s hm cho php thit k b iu khin
tuyn tnh. trnh vic s dng cc b b feed-forward v m bo cht lng ca
h thng iu khin trong mt khong lm vic rng ca tc rotor, cc phng php
iu khin phi tuyn c ngh p dng cho iu khin MPKBNK. Vn ny
c trnh by trong cc ti liu [1, 5, 49, 57, 73, 74].
Nh trnh by trn, mc d h thng iu khin hon chnh ca mt tuc
bin gi phi gm c phn iu khin tuc bin v phn iu khin MPKBNK, tuy
nhin ti ny ch tp trung nghin cu phn iu khin MPKBNK. Hin nay c
nhiu phng php iu khin MPKBNK c nghin cu nh phng php ta
theo iu khin cun chiu (backstepping based) [5], phng php tuyn tnh ha
chnh xc (exact linearzation) [73, 74], phng php ta theo th ng (passivity based)
v phng php ta phng (flatness based) [1]. Lun n ny s dng phng php thit
k phi tuyn da trn nguyn l ta theo th ng iu khin b bin i pha my
pht (hnh 1.5). Gi tr t ti u cho phn iu khin MPKBNK gm mmen in t
Te* v cng sut phn khng Qg* c cung cp t phn iu khin tuc bin v phn
iu ca li. Chi tit ca phng php ny s c trnh by trong ch ng 2.

12

Cc phng php
iu khin MPKBNK

Phng php iu
khin tuyn tnh
[18, 44, 49, 65, 67, 69,
72, 75]]

Cun chiu
(backstepping)
[5]

Phng php
iu khin phi
tuyn

Tuyn tnh ha
chnh xc
(exact linearization)
[73, 74]]

Ta phng
(flatness based)
[1]

Ta theo th
ng
(passivity based)

Hnh 1.5: Cc phng php iu khin MPKBNK

1.3 Yu cu iu khin tr li
1.3.1 Cc s c v cc yu t gy nh hng ti cht lng vn hnh ca li
i vi yu cu m bo cht lng ca mt h thng truyn ti v cung cp
in th vn sng hi v dao ng in p ngy cng nhn c s quan tm ca cc
nh cung cp cng nh ca cc h tiu th in.
S pht trin nhanh chng ca cc ngnh sn xut cng nghip trong s
dng rng ri cc thit b in t cng sut ln nh cc b bin i xoay chiu - mt
chiu, cc b bin tn, cc loi l in... cng vi cc h thng iu khin t n gin
n phc tp to ra mt h thng truyn ng in linh hot, p ng c cc yu
cu iu khin khc nhau v thch ng cho nhiu loi ph ti. Tuy nhin, vic s dng
cc thit b ny cng to ra nhng thch thc ngy cng to ln i vi yu cu m bo
cht lng ca ngun in cung cp. Cc thit b ny to nn nhng nhng ph ti phi
tuyn v gy ra cc thnh phn sng hi trn li. Nhng sng hi ny lm cho in p
li b mo dng v gy nh hng khng tt cho nhng ph ti c ni vi n [30,
50, 51, 52, 81]. Hin nay, khc phc vn ny ngi ta c th s dng cc b lc
tch cc thay v s dng cc b lc th ng vn cng knh v kh p ng cho cc
dng sng hi khc nhau. Cc u im c bn ca b lc tch cc l kh nng b mt

13

s sng hi quan trng m khng lm nh hng n c tnh ca li, ng thi thch

ng vi s thay i ca li v ti.
Trong lun n ny tp trung nghin cu khc phc s c sp li trong h thng
li phn phi v nh hng ca sng hi v dao ng in p trong h thng pht
in sc gi s dng my in khng ng b ngun kp nhm nng cao cht lng
ca h thng.

1.3.2 Yu cu tr li
Cc h thng my pht sc gi vi MPKBNK c nhc im l rt nhy i
vi cc nhiu lon li, c bit l khi li li. Mt trong cc gii php bo v h
thng khi xy ra sp li l ct my pht ra khi li. Trong trng hp ny, h thng
khng c kh nng khi phc li ngay lp tc tnh trng lm vic nh lc trc khi xy
ra s c (phi ha ng b li). Mt khc, vic ct cc my pht ra khi li c th cn
lm ti t hn tnh trng sp li do vic ct my pht c th gy nn qu trnh cn
bng dn n mt n nh v hu qu c th l r li.
Khi tng dung lng ca cc h thng my pht sc gi trn th gii ngy cng
gia tng mt cch ng k th ch c php ct cc my pht in sc gi ra khi li
khi tha mn mt s yu cu c th [34, 89].
Khi h thng phn phi b s c sp li s lm gia tng mnh dng in cn
bng trong cc cun dy ca MPKBNK. Do lin h gia t trng stator v rotor,
dng in ln ny s tc ng vo mch rotor v b bin i c th dn n vic ph
hng b bin i nu khng c cc bin php bo v b bin i. Mt nghin cu trong
[13] ch ra rng khi MPKBNK chu tc ng ca nhiu in p li s gy ra dao
ng ca t thng trong my. Khi cc nhiu lon xut hin b bin i s gia tng
in p rotor khng ch dng in ca n. Khi in p yu cu vt qu kh nng
gii hn ca b bin i th vic iu khin dng s khng cn tc dng [53, 61]. V
vy, h thng iu khin cn duy tr lm vic v gim dao ng cng nhiu cng tt
trong sut thi gian c li li. Mt khc, h thng cn phi c ti lp n nh cng
sm cng tt khi ht li li [82]. Khng nhng th, cc h thng iu khin trong cc
h thng my pht sc gi hin ti cn yu cu phi c kh nng h tr li trong sut
qu trnh li li, k c li li i xng v li li khng i xng.

14

1.3.3 Cc phng php iu khin tr li

Cc gii php hin ti:
Gii php kinh in c trnh by trong cc ti liu [15, 58, 61, 68, 77] thng
s dng mt h thng cc in tr tiu tn c iu khin vi cc thyristor c dng
ng ct mch (c gi l crowbar). Khi in p mt chiu trung gian tng cao hoc
khi in p li gim xung n mt mc no th h thng ny tc ng. B bin
i pha my pht s ngng lm vic v cc dy qun rotor ca my pht c ni kn
mch qua h thng in tr tiu tn ny. Nh vy, trong qu trnh li li MPKBNK
c s dng nh mt ng c khng ng b rotor dy qun, gp phn tiu th nng
lng gi trn h thng in tr. Bn cht ca gii php ny l ngt ch my pht.
Hin nay, vn khc phc li li khng i xng trong thc t vn hnh
v ang nhn c s quan tm, nghin cu rng ri do li li khng i xng c th
xy ra thng xuyn hn c li li i xng. in p khng i xng cn xut hin
trong cc li in yu ngay c trong trng thi lm vic bnh thng. Trong mt s
trng hp, cc nhiu lon trn li hoc ti khng i xng cng lm cho in p li
khng cn i xng na [91]. iu ny c th dn ti mt n nh ca h thng, nh
hng n chc nng lm vic ca mt s thit b in v c th lm cho h thng bo
v mt cn bng dng in tc ng [56].
Cc phng php iu khin b bin i pha li khi sp li cng nh khi
lm vic vi ti khng cn bng c cp trong nhiu cng trnh nghin cu.
Trong ti liu [11], b iu khin dng ca b bin i pha li c thc hin trn
trc ta ng vi thnh phn th t thun. Trong khi , thnh phn th t ngc ca
in p li c a thm vo trong thnh phn in p u ra ca b iu khin
dng. Cch thc thc hin b iu khin nh trnh by cn c gi l phng php
s dng b iu khin feedforward thnh phn in p th t ngc. ng thi, nghin
cu ny cn a ra phng php s dng hai b iu khin dng c thc hin trn
c hai h trc ta tng ng vi cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc v c gi
l b iu khin vector dng i ngu. Phng php ny cng c cp n trong
nhiu ti liu nghin cu khc, chng hn nh trong [6, 21, 64]. Cc bin php khc
phc li li khng i xng s dng b bin i vi 4 nhnh van trong h thng ba
pha 4 dy cng c cp trong cc ti liu [7, 38]. B iu khin dng loi ny cho
php iu khin ring r cc thnh phn dng in th t thun, ngc v zero dn n
vic c th loi b c cc nhiu lon ca in p do ti khng cn bng gy ra. Tuy

15

nhin, phng php ny khng p dng c cho cc h thng ba pha khng c dy

trung tnh. Mt phng php khc c cho l c kh nng b dng ti phi tuyn v
khng cn bng s dng b lc tch cc cho iu khin dng sin c trnh by trong
ti liu [8].
Nhng vn cn tn ti:
Cc phng php tr li nh k trn cn mt s nhc im nh sau:
Khng iu khin a cng sut tc dng v khng v khng iu khin cng
sut phn khng bm in p li trong sut qu trnh li li
Cha gii quyt trit cc vn iu khin b bin i pha li b li li
khi li b s c khng i xng.
Vai tr ca b bin i pha my pht v pha li trong qu trnh lm vic bnh
thng vi ti khng i xng cng cha c nghin cu mt cch hon thin.
Vn cn tip tc gii quyt:
Nghin cu vn tr li khi xy ra li li khng i xng hoc khi h thng
li c nhiu loi ti c cc thnh phn sng hi cao.
Trong lun n ny tc gi nghin cu phng php nng cao kh nng tr li
khng i xng bng cch iu khin ring r cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc
vi cc tiu ch khc nhau cho tng thnh phn. Vi phng php ny th cc tn hiu
t ca b iu khin dng pha li c tng hp t cc thnh phn th t thun v
ngc ca dng li trn cc trc ta quay tng ng. Mt b iu khin dng nh
vy cn c gi l b iu khin tng hp i xng (THX) v s c trnh by
trong chng 3.
Hnh 1.6 th hin mt cch vn tt cc sch lc iu khin tr li c
trnh by trong mt s ti liu nghin cu, k c phng php s dng b iu khin
THX c xut trn. Cc gii php theo nhnh (1) ca s c bn cht l ngt
ch my pht, cn theo nhnh (2) s cho php thc hin cc gii php tr li khc
nhau.

16

Sch lc
tr li
(1)

Li li
i xng

S dng BNQDA
(crowbar)
[15, 58, 61, 68, 77]

iu khin
feedforward in
p th t ngc
[11]

(2)

Li li
khng i xng

iu khin vector
dng i ngu
[6, 21, 64]]

iu khin b bin
i 4 nhnh van
[7, 38]

S dng b lc
tch cc iu
khin dng sin
[8]

iu khin
tng hp i
xng

Hnh 1.6: Cc sch lc tr li

Kt lun chng 1
Chng 1 gii quyt c cc vn sau:
Tng quan v cc h thng bin i nng lng gi
a ra i tng nghin cu l h thng pht in sc gi s dng my in
khng ng b ngun kp v cc phng php iu khin.
Khi qut cc yu cu iu khin tr li ni chung v iu khin tr li ca h
thng pht in sc gi s dng my in khng ng b ngun kp.
Trnh by v nh gi cc phng php iu khin tr li c t xut
sch lc iu khin tr li nhm nng cao cht lng h thng pht in chy bng
sc gi.

17

Chng 2 . M hnh v cu trc iu khin h thng pht in sc gi s dng

MPKBNK

2.1 Php bin i h ta

gim phc tp ca cc phng tr
nh vi phn m t ng hc ca
MPKBNK v li th cc i lng ba pha nh d ng in, in p, t thng... thng
c m t bi cc bin trn mt h trc ta hai pha mi. H trc ta mi ny c
th l mt h trc ta c nh hoc mt h trc ta quay [63, 86] Cng c
chuyn i cc i lng t mt h trc ta c nh sang mt h trc ta quay v
ngc li l cc php bin i Clarke v Park [14, 85].
Trong cc h thng truyn ng in hin i, tt c cc i lng ba pha c th
c bin i sang mt h trc ta quay v thng c gi l h trc ta quay
dq hai pha. Khi cc tnh ton c thc hin vi bin v gc pha ca chng trn

cc h trc ta dq ny .
t s l k hiu c trng cho cc i lng ba pha. Gi tr tc thi ca tng
pha, c k hiu l sa , sb , and sc tha mn phng trnh sau:

0
0
2
3
trong sa (t ) + sb (t ) + sc (t ) = 0 v ch s di "s" biu th cc i lng

s = sa + sb e j120 + sc e j 240

trong h thng cun dy c nh.

By gi ta thit lp mt h trc ta mi, k hiu l , trong trc
trng vi e j 0

nh c biu din trn hnh 2.1. Khi

s 0 = Tsf sabc

(2.1)

trong s 0 = ( s s s 0 )T , sabc = ( sa sb sc ) . Ch rng s 0 l

T

thnh phn zero c thm vo ma trn Tsf c th nghch o c.

Ma trn bin i c cho bi [85]

2
Tsf = 0
3
1

1
2
3
2
1
2

2
3
.

2
1

18
j

jq

ej 120

!f
0

ej 0

ej 240

Hnh 2.1: Bin i cc h trc ta

Trong trng hp tng qut, nu l mt h ta c nh trong mt

phng phc v dq l mt h ta mi vi gc quay f (xem hnh 2.1) th
sdq = Trf s

(2.2)

trong s = ( s s )T , sdq = ( d q ) , v ma trn bin i

T

cos f
Trf =
sin f

sin f

cos f

Hnh 2.1 biu din cc i lng ba pha trn h trc ta c nh (tri)

v s bin i gia cc h trc v dq (phi).

2.2 M hnh myi n khng ng b ngun kp

Nh tho lun trn, vi iu khin dng ca MPKBNK s dng k thut
iu khin vector th cn phi bin i cc bin sang mt h ta quay dq . H ta
ny c th ta theo vector t thng stator [44, 65, 67, 70] hoc vi vector in p li
[31, 49, 69, 72]. Do MPKBNK lm vic song song vi li nn cn phi c chc
nng ha ng b. V vy, vic chn mt h trc ta dq vi trc d trng vi
vector in p li c th em li mt s thun li nht nh [43]. H ta nh vy s
c lp vi cc tham s ca my in v chnh xc ca khu o tc quay [69].
Chnh v cc l do trn, h ta dq ta theo in p li c la chn pht trin
m hnh cng nh pht trin cc thut ton iu khin my in khng ng b ngun
kp sau ny.

19

Cc phng tr nhin p ca stator v rotor c th c vit nh sau:

d s
u = Rs i s +
dt
s
s

u rr = Rr i r +
r

d r
dt

(2.3)
r

(2.4)

Trong , u s v u r l cc in p stator v rotor, i s v i r l cc dng in

stator v rotor, Rs and Rr l cc in tr stator v rotor, s v r l cc t thng
stator v rotor. Ch s s pha trn cc i lng ny m t i lng trn h ta
, c nh vi stator. Ch s r pha trn cc i lng ny nhm m t i lng

trn h ta c nh vi rotor.
Cc t thng stator v rotor c xc nh bi
s
r

= i s Ls + i r Lm
= i r Lr + i s Lm

(2.5)

vi Lm l h cm gia hai cun dy stator v rotor v Ls , Lr l cc in cm

ca stator v rotor.
Nu biu din in cm tn pha stator v rotor l Ls v Lr th cc in cm
ca stator v rotor c tnh nh sau
Ls
Lr

= Lm + Ls
= Lm + Lr

p dng cc php bin i h trc ta (2.1) v (2.2) cho cc phng trnh

(2.3) v (2.4) ta c cc phng tr nh sau trong h ta dq
us
ur

d s
+ j s s
dt
d r
= Rr i r +
+ j r r
dt
= Rs i s +

(2.6)

vi s l tc gc ca stator v
r = s m

l tc gc mch in rotor v m l tc gc c ca rotor.

T (2.5) v (2.6) ta c

(2.7)

20

1
di r
=
Lr
dt

R L2
L
1
Rr + s 2 m i r m u s +
Ls Lr
Lr
Ls

Lm Rs
L
2 + j s m s
Ls
Ls

jr
1
r +
u
Lr
Lr r

(2.8)

d s
R
RL
= u s s s + s m i r j s s
dt
Ls
Ls

(2.9)

L2m
l h s tn ton phn.
Trong , = 1
Ls Lr

Vit li cc phng trnh (2.8) v (2.9) cho cc thnh phn d v q ca cc

dng in rotor v t thng stator dn n [34]
a +1 a
dird
a
a
a
a +1
=
+ ird + ( s m )irq +
sd m sq
usd +
urd (2.10)
dt
Ts
LmTs
Lm
Lm
Lr
Tr
a +1 a
a
a
a
a +1
+ irq + m sd +
= (m s )ird
sq
u sq +
urq (2.11)
dt
Ts
Lm
LmTs
Lm
Lr
Tr

dirq

dsd Lm
1
=
ird sd + s sq + u sd
dt
Ts
Ts

dsq
dt

(2.12)

Lm
1
irq s sd sq + u sq
Ts
Ts

vi a =

(2.13)

Dng ngn gn ca cc phng tr nh (2.10), (2.11), (2.12) v (2.13) kt hp vi

phng tr nh u ra c biu din nh sau:

vi
y r = i r = (ird
T

x r = A r ( )x r + B s u s + B r u r

(2.14)

y r = Cr x r

(2.15)

x r = (ird
T

irq ) .

irq

sd

sq )

u s = (u sd
T

u sq )

u r = (urd
T

urq )

21

a +1 a

s
+
Ts
Tr

a +1 a
s

+
T
Ts

Ar ( ) =

Lm
0

Ts

Lm
0

Ts

B u = (B s

Lm

Br ) = 0

1
0

a
Lm
0
1

a +1
Lr

0
0
0

a
LmTs
a
Lm
1

Ts
s

a
Lm
a
LmTs

1

Ts

a +1
Lr

0
0

1 0 0 0

C r =
0 1 0 0

(2.16)

(2.17)

(2.18)

2.3 M hnh pha l i

Mch in rt gn ca li c th c biu din trn hnh 2.2a. B bin i
pha li thng ni vi li thng qua mt b lc gm in khng Lc , t C f v
in tr R f . in tr ca cun khng Lc c biu th bi Rc .
Mch in tng ng ca li c biu din trn hnh 2.2b.
Cc phng trnh c bn sau tng ng vi mch in tng ng ca li
nh trn h nh 2.2b:
u c = Rc i c + Lc
ic = in + i f

di c
+ un
dt

(2.19)
(2.20)

Trong , u c v i c l cc in p v dng in ca b bin i pha li, u n

v i n l in p v dng li, i f l dng chy qua nhnh song song ca R f v L f
ca b lc.

22

Lc

Rc
C dc

Cf
Rf

(a)

in

Rc

Lc

AC

DC

Cf
if

Rf
(b)
Hnh 2.2: Mch in pha li (a) v m hnh pha l i (b)([74])

p dng cc php bin i (2.1) v (2.2) cho cc phng trnh (2.19) v (2.20)
ta c cc phng tr nh sau vi cc bin trn h trc ta dq :
u c = Rc i c + Lc

di c
+ jn Lc i c + u n
dt

ic = in + i f

(2.21)
(2.22)

vi n tc gc ca t trng pha li v n = s .
Thay phng tr nh (2.22) vo phng tr nh (2.21) vi n = s ta c
di n
1
1
1
= i n j s i n + u c (u n + Rc i f + j s Lc i f )
dt
Tc
Lc
Lc

vi Tc =

Lc
.
Rc

(2.23)

23

Vit li phng trnh (2.23) cho cc thnh phn d v q ca cc dng i n

li ta c:
dind
1
1
1
= ind + s inq + ucd (und + Rc i fd s Lc i fq )
dt
Tc
Lc
Lc

dinq
dt

(2.24)

1
1
1
inq s ind + ucq (unq + Rc i fq + s Lc i fd )
Tc
Lc
Lc

(2.25)

Sau mt s php bin i, cc phng tr nh (2.24) v (2.25) tr thnh

dind
1
1
= ind + s inq + ucd (C nd und C nq unq )
dt
Tc
Lc

(2.26)

1
1
inq s ind + ucq (C nq und + C nd unq )
Tc
Lc

(2.27)

dinq
dt

vi C nd v C nq l cc hng s c nh ngha nh sau:

C nd =

1
Lc

1 + s2 R 2f C 2f + s2 Rc R f C 2f + s2 Lc C f

s2 R 2f C 2f + 1

C nq =

1
Lc

s3 Lc R f C 2f s Rc C f

s2 R 2f C 2f + 1

M hnh khng gian trng thi ca li c th c biu din nh sau:

x n = A n x n + B c u c + B nu n

(2.28)

y n = Cn x n

(2.29)

vi x n = (ind
1

Tc

A n = s

inq ) , u c = (ucd
T

ucq ) , u n = (und

C nd
1

B
,
=
n
C
Tc
nq

unq ) , y n = (ind
T

Lc
C nq
, B c = 0
C nd

inq ) ,
T

1 0

1
C
,
=
0
1

n
Lc

2.4 iu khin pha my pht

2.4.1 Cu trc iu khin
B iu khin pha my pht c nhim v iu chnh cng sut tc dng (c
th thng qua iu chnh mmen in Te ) v cng sut phn khng Qg (hoc h s
cng sut cos ).

24

Trong cc h thng iu khin my in, cc b iu khin dng ng vai tr

rt quan trng v chng cung cp vector in p cn thit cho mch in t cng sut.
Hn na, cht lng ca ton b h thng iu khin ph thuc ch yu vo cht
lng ca cc b iu khin dng. V vy, cc h thng iu khin my in thng
bao gm mt mch vng trong vi mt b iu khin vector dng i r v mch vng
ngoi vi cc bin iu khin khc.
vs

r r t = Te Q g

rrc
+

Krt

i rd

Krc

Te Q g

Gr

ir = ir d ir q

T
i rq

ur

Ert

Hnh 2.3: S khi iu khin pha my pht [79]

Cu trc iu khin pha rotor ca MPKBNK trn hnh 2.3 c thc hin
nh trnh by trn. Trong c hai mch vng. Mch vng trong vi b iu
khin K rc c gi l mch vng iu khin dng in. Mc tiu ca vic thit k b
iu khin dng K rc l t c tnh nng p ng nhanh, bm theo tn hiu t v
bo m tch knh. Mch vng iu khin ngoi vi b iu khin K rt c gi l
mch vng iu khin mmen c thit k bm theo cc gi tr ti u ca tn hiu
vo rrt bao gm mmen in t Te* v cng sut phn khng Qg* , rrt = (Te* Qg* ) .
T

Trn hnh 2.3, Gr l m hnh ca i tng, y g = (Te Qg )T l bin u ra

iu khin c suy ra t ir = (ird

irq ) (xem cc cng thc (2.31) v (2.32) di y)

T

bi khi Ert . Trn c s cc gi tr o c thc t ca tc gi v cc c tnh ca

tuc bin, cc gi tr ti u ca mmen s c tnh ton v a ra gi tr t rrt cho
phn iu khin in t cng sut.
Mmen in t ca MPKBNK trong h trc ta dq ta theo in p

25

stator (ngh a l sd = 0 ), c th c tnh bi

L
3
Te = Z p m sq ird .
2
Ls

(2.30)

y Z p l s i cc ca my.
Cng sut phn khng l
Qg = 3u sd

sq irq Lm
Ls

(2.31)

Mt khc, vic iu chnh cng sut phn khng Qg cng c th c thc

hin bng cch iu chnh h s cng sut g . H s ny c th c tnh nh sau:

g = arcsin

isq
isd2 + isq2

(2.32)

Cc phng trnh (2.30), (2.31), v (2.32) ch ra rng mmen in t v cng

sut phn khng hay h s cng sut ca MPKBNK c th c iu chnh thng
qua cc thnh phn dng in rotor ird v irq .
Chi tit h thng iu khin kinh in pha rotor c trnh by trn hnh 2.4.
BBPMP
*
e

*
g

PI

ird*
B iu
khin pha
Rotor

*
rq

PI

DC-link

urd

urq

DC

e jr

uDC

PWM
AC

ird

irq

e jr

2
3

MPNK

r
isd
Tnh
mmen v
cng sut
phn
khng

isq
usd

usq

e js

2
3

s
Tnh gc pha v
in p stator
Li

Hnh 2.4: Cu trc iu khin kinh in pha my pht [79]

26

2.4.2 Thit k h thng iu khin pha my pht

V mt bn cht th m hnh ton ca MPKBNK l phi tuyn, trong cc
bin c iu khin bao gm dng in rotor, t thng stator v tc gc ca rotor.
Hn na, khi p dng nguyn l iu khin vector th cc thnh phn dng in rotor
li c mi quan h ph thuc ln nhau. V vy, m bo cht lng iu khin tt
th b bin i pha my pht cn phi c p dng mt phng php iu khin thch
hp. y cng chnh l mt trong nhng vn c nghin cu rng ri trong nhng
nm va qua. Hu ht cc nghin cu ny u da trn c s tuyn tnh ha m hnh
ca MPKBNK v phn ly cc thnh phn dng bng cch s dng cc khu b cho.
Gn y c m t s cng trnh nghin cu s dng phng php iu khin phi
tuyn gp phn nng cao hn cht lng iu khin ca b bin i pha my pht.
Trong khun kh ca lun n, vic thit k b iu khin pha my pht da
trn phng php Passivity based (PBC). Chi tit v phng php ny c trnh by
trong [2].
Tng hp b iu chnh thnh phn ird trn min lin tc
t bi ton iu chnh thnh phn ird , ta t bin urdPBC l bin iu khin
v vi gi tr mong mun l ird c ly t b iu chnh m men thng qua khu
tnh ton gi tr t (TTGT).
B iu chnh PBC c xy dng theo nguyn tc nh c trnh by
trn. y ta cn phi tc ng vo tn hiu iu khin mt tn hiu dng D( ) .i rd
gi l tn hiu suy gim, trong D( ) l h s suy gim.
Tn hiu iu khin c dng :
~
urdPBC = u rd D( ).ird

(2.33)

Trong :

urdPBC l in p do b iu khin PBC to ra.

u rd
l in p rotor thnh phn theo trc d mong mun ca my pht.

~
ird = ird ird l sai lch dng in rotor thnh phn theo trc d gia gi tr t

v gi tr ly t b iu khin m men.
V:

27

rd

= Lr

di

rd

dt

+ Lr (

1 1
1 '
1
)i Lrr irq Lr
( sd Ts sq' ) + Lr
+
u
rd
Tr
Ts
Ts
Lm sd

(2.34)
Thay (2.34) vo (2.33) ta c:
di
1 1
PBC
u
= Lr rd + Lr ( +
)i Lr r i
rd
rq
rd
dt

Tr
Ts
1
1
'
'

( sd
) + Lr
.u D ( ).(ird ird
)
Lr .
Ts sq
Ts
Lm
sd

(2.35)

Vi h s suy gim D( ) c chn sao cho hm tr nng lng ca bin iu khin

vn gi c c im th ng.
Vy b iu khin thnh phn i rd c th vit di dng:

cu

PBC
rd

di
=

rd

*
+ ai r i e sd' + b sq' + d .usd
D ( ).(ird ird )

dt
Trong :

1 1
+
a =
Tr Ts

rd

rq

(2.36)

1
1
1
1
, b =
, c=
, d=
, e=
.

Lr
Lm
Ts

Tng hp b iu chnh thnh phn irq trn min lin tc

t bi ton iu chnh thnh phn irq , ta t bin u rqPBC l bin iu khin
v vi gi tr mong mun l irq c ly t b iu chnh m men thng qua khu
TTGT.
Tng t nh thnh phn ird ta cn phi tc ng vo tn hiu iu khin mt
tn hiu dng suy gim D( ) .i rq vi h s suy gim l D( ) .
Tn hiu iu khin c dng:
~
u PBC = u rq D( ).irq
rq

(2.37)

Trong :
urqPBC l in p do b iu khin PBC to ra,
urq l in p rotor thnh phn theo trc q mong mun ca my pht,
~
irq = irq irq l sai lch dng in rotor thnh phn theo trc q gia gi tr t

v gi tr ly t b iu khin m men.
V:

28

rq

= Lr

di

+ Lr (

rq

dt

1 1
1 '
1
+
)i + Lrr i Lr
( + Ts ' ) + Lr
.u
sq
sd
rd
Tr
Ts rq
Ts
Lm sq

(2.38)
Thay (2.38) vo (2.37) ta c:
u

PBC
rq

di

1 1
+
)i + Lrr i
rq
rd
dt
Tr
Ts
1
1

Lr
( ' + Ts ' ) + Lr
.u D ( ).(irq irq
)
sq
sq
sd
Ts
Lm

= Lr

rq

+ Lr (

(2.39)

Vy b iu khin thnh phn irq c th vit di dng:

cu

PBC
rq

di
=

rq

dt

+ ai + r i e sq' b sd' + d .u D( ).(ird ird )

rq

rd

(2.40)

sq

Vi h s suy gim D( ) c chn sao cho hm tr nng lng ca bin iu

khin vn gi c c im th ng.
T cc b iu chnh dng ta trn th ng ta thy n m bo tch knh
nh b tng tc cho bi hai thnh phn r .ird v r .irq .
S ho b iu chnh ird
B iu chnh thc s c thc hin trn mt h thng x l tn hiu s (DSP).
V vy, c th p dng c trong thc tin cn m phng h thng di dng s.
Gin on ho b iu chnh (2.36) di dng sai phn li biu thc (2.36) ta c:
1 1
[3ird (k ) 4ird (k 1) + ird (k 2)]+ a irq (k ) + r ird (k ) e sq' (k )
u PBC = .
rd
c 2T
c
b
d
D( )

'
sd (k ) + .u (k )
ird (k ) ird (k )
c
c sq
c

dird
c thc hin xp x bc hai:
trong thnh phn
dt
dird
1
=
3ird (k ) 4ird (k 1) + ird (k 2)
dt
2T

(2.41)

(2.42)

S ho b iu chnh irq
Tng t nh thnh phn ird ta cng thc hin sai phn li v c kt qu:

1 1
a
e
u PBC = .
3irq (k ) 4irq (k 1) + irq (k 2) + i (k ) + r i (k ) sd' (k )
rq
c 2T
c rd
c rq
c

b
d
D
(
)
sq' (k ) + + .u (k )
irq (k ) irq (k )
c
c sq
c

29

trong thnh phn

dirq
dt

cng xp x bc hai:

dird
1
=
3ird (k ) 4ird (k 1) + ird (k 2)
dt
2T

(2.43)

2.4.3 Ha ng b vi li
Bn thn qu trnh ha ng b cn n cha nhng vn cn c quan tm
mt cch chi tit hn, chng hn nh vn ha ng b li sau khi li li hay khi tc
gi nm ngoi vng lm vic ca h thng my pht sc gi. Tuy nhin, trong
khun kh ca nghin cu ny, lun n ch cp vn ha ng b MPKBNK vi
li kho st cc p ng ca h thng khi my pht c gi lm vic song song
vi li.
B iu khin dng in thc hin qu trnh ha ng b, cn phi tha mn cc
iu kin h thng in p pha sator my pht so vi h thng in p li:
Cng tn s.
Cng gc pha.
Cng bin .
Mun vy trong qu trnh iu khin ta cn phi xc nh cc gi tr sau tha
mn cc iu kin t ra trn:
- Xc nh gc chuyn i a vo bin tn m bo iu kin in p cng
tn s [74]
r = l

Trong

(2.44)

l gc quay ca vector khng gian in p li, l gc quay

ca rotor (gc in).

thy c vic xc nh r theo (2.42) l tha mn iu kin cng tn s, ta
xut pht t
r = l

(2.45)

T (2.45) r rng thy t trng quay do dng in rotor sinh ra s quay vi tc

r so vi rotor. Mt khc, do rotor quay vi tc so vi stato, do t
trng quay rotor s c tc rs , vi:
(2.46)
So snh (2.45) v (2.46) th t trng rotor s cm ng vo stato in p c tn

30

s gc rs ng bng tn s gc li l , ngha l cng tn s vi in p li. Nh

vy vi vic a gc chuyn i

vo bin tn th s m bo iu kin tn s in

p u ra my pht v in p li c cng tn s.
- iu kin trng pha c m bo, ta thc hin thng qua iu khin cc
thnh phn dng in rotor ird v irq , c gi tr thch hp. Ta phi iu khin sao cho
ird = 0 (P=0) v irq 0 ( Q 0 , ch thay i gc pha)

- Xc nh mi quan h gia tr s bin in p li ( ulm ) , in p u ra

my pht ( u sm ) v gi tr i rq . Xut pht t phng tr nh vector in p stato:
u s = Rs i s +

d s d s

dt
dt

(2.47)

Trn min phc ta c:

u s j s s

(2.48)

y ta chuyn sang h trc ta dq ta theo in p li, ta c:

u sd = s Lm .irq
u sq = s Lm .ird = 0

(2.49)

T (2.49), d dng c u sm = u sd = s Lmirq .

in p my pht v in p li c cng bin ( u sm = ulm ) , ta c ngay:
irq =

ulm
s Lm

(2.50)

2.5 iu khin pha li

2.5.1 Cu trc iu khin
H thng iu khin pha li nhm mc ch duy tr in p mt chiu trung
gian v cng sut phn khng cc gi tr mong mun. thc hin nhim v ny,
cu trc iu khin pha li c thit k nh hnh 2.5.

31

u dc

u dc

Gn

K nc

'

'

E np

Hnh 2.5: S khi iu khin pha li

Cu trc iu khin pha li cng tng t nh cu trc iu khin pha stator
v cng bao gm hai mch vng. Mch vng trong vi b iu khin K nc c gi l
mch vng iu khin dng pha li. Mc tiu ca b iu khin dng pha li K nc
l t c p ng bm nhanh theo cc dng i n li t trc. Mch vng ngoi
vi hai b iu khin dng cng sut. Trong b iu khin K np c s dng
iu khin in p mt chiu trung gian, b iu khin K nq c s dng iu
khin cng sut phn khng gia li v b bin i thng qua h s cng sut n*
c c lng bi khi Enp . Trn hnh 2.5, Gn biu din m hnh l i, cc bin u
ra iu khin gm c in p mt chiu trung gian udc v dng li inT = (ind inq ) .
Trong ind v inq l cc thnh phn ca dng in li trn h trc ta ta theo
in p li (hay in p stator u s ).
in p mt chiu trung gian c th c tnh nh sau:
udc = udc 0 +

1
(ind ird )dt
Cdc

(2.51)

vi udc 0 l in p gi tr ban u ca udc , Cdc l gi tr in dung ca mch

mt chiu, irq l thnh phn q ca dng in rotor.
Gc pha n ca h s cng sut cos n c th c tnh nh sau:
n = arcsin

inq
2
2
ind
+ inq

(2.52)

Phng trnh (2.51) v (2.52) ch ra rng in p mt chiu trung gian c th

c iu khin thng qua thnh phn d ca dng in li ind . Trn mt h thng

32

thc t, in p mt chiu trung gian cn phi c gi mt gi tr c nh khng ph

thuc vo s bin i ca dng in rotor ird . H s cng sut cos n c th c iu
khin thng qua thnh phn q ca dng in li inq .
Chi tit ca phn iu khin pha li c v trn hnh 2.6. Cc u ra ca b

iu khin u n = (und

unq ) c a n khi PWM qua mt khi bin i h trc

T

ta . Cc khi khc c s dng bin i cc bin ca dng in li ( ind , inq )

vi cc h trc ta tng ng v tnh ton gc pha in p li n cng nh gi tr
h s cng sut n .

uDC

CDC

DC

und
unq

e jn

PWM
AC

ind*
B iu
khin pha
li

DC-link

ind

3
2

j n

*
uDC

n*

PI

inq*

PI
Tnh h s
cng sut pha
li

inq

Tnh gc pha
li
Lc
Bin p
Li

Hnh 2.6: Cu trc iu khin pha li [90]

2.5.2 Thit k h thng iu khin

Qua m hnh trng thi h thng li ta nhn thy i lng iu khin l in
p ra ca khu nghch lu pha li v vector trng thi l hai thnh phn dng in
ind v inq . V vy khu iu chnh vng trong s l khu iu chnh dng pha l i.

Hn na ta nhn thy trong m hnh ny c e n i lng nhiu u vo gy ra

bi in p li. Tuy nhin lng nhiu ny l nhiu c nh nn ta c th kh n bng
khu b nhiu thch hp trong khu iu chnh dng.

33

Cc bin iu khin pha li

Nh ta bit nhim v ca h thng iu khin pha li l ly nng lng t
li cung cp cho mch mt chiu ch di ng b hoc hon tr nng lng
t mch mt chiu ln li ch ng b. Trong hai qu trnh , in p mt chiu
trung gian u DC phi c gi n nh (khng i).
Biu din dng in pha li trn h ta dq nh hnh 2.6.
Ta c:
i n = ind + jinq

(2.53)

Cng sut biu kin ca b bin i pha li:

S n = Pn + jQn =

3 3
3
u n i n = (und ind + unq inq ) + j (unq ind und inq )
2
2
2

(2.54)

Trn h ta ta theo in p li th unq = 0 nn (2.54) tr thnh:

3
3
und ind j und inq
2
2

(2.55)

3
und ind
2

(2.56)

3
Qn = und inq
2

(2.57)

S n = Pn + jQn =

T (2.55) ta d dng suy ra c:

Pn =

Xt trng hp t trung gian khng ni vi ti v b qua tn hao trong b bin

i ta c:
Pn =

3
und ind = u DC iDC
2

(2.58)

trong
iDC = C

du DC
dt

(2.59)

T (2.58) v (2.59) ta thy khi thay i ind s thay i c u DC .

T (2.57) ta cng c th thy c inq c tc dng iu khin cng sut v
cng.
S dng phng php xp x m hnh bc nht, t m hnh lin tc (2.28) ta thu
c cc phng tr nh trng thi ri rc ca li nh sau:
i n (k + 1) = A n i n (k ) + [B n

u (k )
B c ] n
u c ( k )

(2.60)

34

trong

T
sT
1 T
c

T
A n = sT 1 ,

Tc

T
L
Bc = c
0

0
C nd T
, B n =
T
C nqT
Lc

C nqT
.
C nd T

B in p li
in p li c th c xem l nhiu v mt b b kiu feedforward c s
dng loi b nh hng ca n trong h thng iu khin, c th l loi b thnh
phn B nu n ,k trong phng tr nh (2.61).
S dng php bin i bin
u n I
=
B c1B n
u c

0 u n
I u c

trong
Lc

B c1B n = T
0

0 C
nd

Lc C nq

C nq Lc C nd
=
C nd Lc C nq

Lc C nq
,
Lc C nd

ta c
u n I
u = B 1B
c c n

0 u n
.
I u
c

(2.61)

Phng tr nh (2.60) by gi tr thnh

i n (k + 1) = A n i n (k ) + [ B n

Vy nn

I
B c ] 1
B c B n

i n (k + 1 )= A n i n (k ) + B c u c (k ).

0 u n (k )

I
u c (k )

(2.62)

35

Phng php b in p li nh tr nh by trn c th hin trn hnh 2.7.

u n (k)

u n (k)

Bn

Bn

ue c(k)
+

1
c

u c(k)

Bc

i n (k + 1)

i n (k)
1

z I
+

An
Hnh 2.7: B in p li

Tng hp b iu chnh dng pha l i

Do yu cu ca pha li ch yu iu khin n nh in p mt chiu U DC
cung cp cho mch mt chiu trung gian. V vy trong ni dung lun n cng ch n
phng php thit k tuyn tnh n gin l phng php tuyn tnh deadbeat thng
thng.
Mt b iu khin kiu deadbeat l mt b iu khin phn hi kinh in c kh
nng a cc bin trng thi ca mt h iu khin ri rc tuyn tnh vi n trng thi
v gc ta trong khng gian trng thi vi s bc khng ln hn n [33, 36].
Trong trng hp s bc tnh ln hn n th cc b iu khin c thit k vi k
thut tng t nh trn cn c gi l cc b iu khin c p ng hu hn [49, 72,
74].
Cc b iu khin kiu deadbeat c s dng trong nhiu h truyn ng
in iu khin cc ng c khng ng b [17, 24, 27, 40, 55, 74, 78] hay cc my
in khng ng b ngun kp [49, 72, 74].
Gi i *n , i n l cc gi tr t v gi tr thc ca dng l i th mt b iu
khin K db
nc c xem l c p ng deadbeat nu n c kh nng p t gi tr thc
u ra ca mch vng iu khin bm theo gi tr t ch sau mt chu k trch mu
[74], ngha l:

36

i n = z 1i *n

(2.63)

Khi , tn hiu u ra ca b iu khin s c dng:

*
u c = K db
nc i n i n .

(2.64)

Tuy nhin, ci t b iu khin K db

nc trn mt h thng iu khin s cn
phi k n thi gian tr tnh ton trong qu trnh thc thi cc m lnh ca cc b vi x
l/vi iu khin. Trong thc t, cc h thng iu khin s ngy nay c th thc hin
cc yu cu tnh ton ni trn trong mt chu k xung nhp [74]. V vy, nu k n c
thi gian tr tnh ton th tn hiu u ra thc t ca mt b iu khin deadbeat c
dng nh sau:

*
u c = z 1K db
nc i n i n

(2.65)

Trong trng hp ny thay v (2.64), p ng mong mun ca mt b iu

khin deadbeat s l:
i n = z 2 i *n

(2.66)

Cu trc ca b bin i pha li vi b iu khin deadbeat v khu b in

p li c th hin trn hnh 2.8.

i n (k)
+

i n (k)

db
nc

u n (k)

u n (k)

Bn

Bn

ue c(k)
+

B c 1

u sc(k)

+
1

z I

Bc

i n (k + 1)

i n (k)
1

z I
+

An

Hnh 2.8: B bin i pha li vi b iu khin deadbeat

37

Vit li phng tr nh (2.62) trong min z dn n

zx n = A n i n + B c u c .

(2.67)

Thay phng tr nh (2.66) vo phng tr nh (2.67) ta c

1 *
1
zi n = A n i n + B c K db
nc z i n z i n

hay
*
2
db
i n = z 1A n i n + z 2 B c K db
nc i n z B c K nc i n

vy nn

(I z

2
db *
A n + z 2 B c K db
nc i n = z B c K nc i n

(2.68)

Hm truyn t u vo i *n n u ra i n c cho bi

Gncdb ( z ) = z 2 I z 1A n + z 2 B c K db
nc

B c K db
nc .

(2.69)

Cn bng cc phng tr nh (2.68) v (2.69) ta thu c

1
1
K db
nc = B n I z A c

)1 1z

(2.70)

Kt lun chng 2
Chng 2 gii quyt c cc vn sau:
a ra m h nh ton hc my pht in sc gi s dng MPKBNK v m h nh
ton hc pha li trn h trc ta quay dq.
Thit k h thng iu khin pha my pht da trn phng php PassivityBased.
Thit k h thng iu khin pha li da trn phng php tuyn tnh
Deadbeat.

38

Chng 3. Thit k h thng iu khin tr li

3.1 Mt s khi nim v cc trng thi lm vic khng bnh th ng ca li in

Nh bit, tp hp cc qu trnh i n xy ra trong mt thi im hoc mt
khong thi gian vn hnh c gi l ch lm vic ca h thng in. c trng
ca ch lm vic l cc thng s nh in p, dng in, cng sut tc dng, cng
sut phn khng... Cc thng s ny lun bin i theo thi gian (hm ph thuc thi
gian). Trong thc t ngi ta cn chia cc ch lm vic ca h thng in thnh cc
loi ch d khc nhau ty theo s bin i ca cc thng s.
Trng thi lm vic ca mt h thng in c coi l bnh th ng nu cc
thng s ca n nm trong mt khong cho php theo mt tiu chun no . Trong
thc t, in p, tn s v tnh i xng ca h thng ba pha l cc thng s thng
nhn c s quan tm c bit ca c cc nh cung cp v cc h tiu th in do s
nhy cm ca cc thit b tiu th in trong cng nghip i vi cc thng s ny.
Do cng sut in lin tc bin i c trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca
li in cng nh trong cc tnh hung khng th trnh c, chng hn nh do s c
ngn mch trong h thng in, lm cho cc thng s ca h thng in c th vt
qu cc gii hn cho php. Trong trng hp nh vy li in c coi l ang trong
trng thi lm vic khng bnh th ng.
Nh trnh by, mc tiu ca ti l xy dng sch lc iu khin tr li
ca h thng pht in chy sc gi, ng thi tp trung gii quyt vn ny trong
trng hp sp li hay li li khng i xng. Thng s c quan tm y l
in p li. Bi vy, phn ny lm sng t hn cc khi nim sp li, li li v tr
li m lun n tp trung gii quyt nh sau:
Sp li: Theo tiu chun IEE 1159-1995 th sp li c nh ngha l
s suy gim t (10 - 90)% ca in p danh nh trong khong thi gian t 0,5 chu k
cho n 1 pht [22, 47].
Li li: c chia ra hai trng hp li li i xng v li li khng
i xng. Trong khun kh ti li li i xng l khi bin cc pha in p li
b suy gim vi su sp li nh nhau. Li li khng i xng y c hiu l
s mt i xng v bin gia cc pha in p li.

39

Tr li: Khi xy ra sp li, khng ct my pht ra khi li, duy tr

vic vn hnh ng b trong sut qu trnh li li v ti lp li trng thi lm vic
bnh thng sm nht c th sau khi s c c loi b. ng thi h thng iu khin
pha li duy tr pht cng sut phn khng h tr li trong sut qu trnh li li.

3.2 ng hc MPKBNK khi sp li

3.2.1 ng hc MPKBNK khi sp li hon ton
Mc ch ca phn ny l phn tch c im ng hc ca MPKBNK
khi xy ra sp li hon ton, ngh a l khi in p li gim t cc gi tr nh mc ca
chng v 0. Cc kt qu phn tch c im ng hc ca MPKBNK khi sp li
hon ton l c s cho vic nghin cu ng hc ca n khi sp li mt phn. Cc
phn tch sau y da trn cc nghin cu c cp trong [53].
Cc t thng stator v rotor ca MPKBNK c cho bi
s = Ls i s + Lm i r

(3.1)

r = Lr i r + Lm i s

(3.2)

T cc phng tr nh (3.1) v (3.2) c th suy ra

r =

Trong : = 1

Lm
s + Lr i r
Ls

(3.3)

L2m
Lr Ls

Theo (2.6):
u r = Rr i r jr r +

d
r
dt

(3.4)

T cc phng tr nh (3.3) v (3.4) ta suy ra c

ur =

Lm d
d

+ jr s + Rr + Lr + jrLr i r
Ls dt
dt

(3.5)

in p rotor cho bi (3.5) gm c hai thnh phn. Thnh phn th nht biu
din bi u r 0 ph thuc vo t thng stator. N l in p rotor khi rotor h mch
( i r = 0 ):
ur0 =

Lm d

+ j r s
Ls dt

(3.6)

40

Thnh phn cn li ch tn ti khi dng in rotor i r 0 . l in p ri trn

c in tr rotor Rr v in cm qu ca rotor Lr .
Biu thc in p stator
u s = Rs i s +

d
s
dt

(3.7)

in p ny c ng c th c biu din di dng:

j t
u s = U s e s

(3.8)

Trong , U s l bin in p stator, s l tc gc ng b.

Nu b qua in tr Rs th t (3.7) v (3.8) c th suy ra c
s =

U s jst
j t
= sf e s
e
j s

(3.9)

Nh vy, trong ch hot ng bnh thng, t thng stator l mt vector vi

bin l hng s v t l vi in p li. Vector ny quay vi tn s ng b v biu
din p ng t thng cng bc stator sf .
Thay phng tr nh (3.9) vo phng tr nh (3.6) ta c
u r 0 = j r

Lm
L
j t
s = m r U s e s
Ls
Ls s

(3.10)

vi r = s m .
Vy, thnh phn in p rotor theo t thng stator t l vi s sai khc gia tc
ng b v tc rotor. Ni cch khc, thnh phn ny t l vi tn s trt.
Biu thc in p rotor (3.5) by gi tr thnh
ur = us

Lm

d
s + Rr + Lr + r i r
Ls

dt

(3.11)

Vi s l h s trt
Trong thnh phn in p rotor khi h mch l
ur0

Lm
L
u s = m (1 s )u s
Ls s
Ls

(3.12)

Vy, nu rotor h mch th khi xy ra sp li in p rotor t l vi 1 s .

Cn khi rotor ni kn mch th in p ny c ni ni tip vi in tr rotor
Rr v in cm qu Lr :

41

d
u r = u r 0 + Rr + Lr + jr i r

dt

(3.13)

trnh mt iu khin dng, b bin i phi c kh nng cp mt in p

bng in p cc i ca ngun (xem phng trnh (3.12)) [53]. iu ny c ngha l
b bin i phi c cng sut tng t nh cng sut ca my pht.
Nh vy, mc qu dng ph thuc vo c gi tr in p cc i m b bin
i c kh nng cung cp, in cm qu Lr v in tr Rr ca rotor. Trong thc
t, cc thnh phn ny thng c gi tr nh nn s xy ra hin tng qu dng. Nh
vy, hn ch dng th cn phi thit k b bin i c cng sut ln hoc phi ni
thm in khng ngoi.

3.2.2 ng hc MPKBNK khi sp li mt phn

Mc ch ca phn ny l phn tch cc hnh vi ng hc ca MPKBNK
khi xy ra sp li mt phn, ngha l khi bin in p li gim t ngt t gi tr
U 1 = U s xung gi tr U 2 ti thi im t0

U1e jst = U s e jst

us =
j t
U 2 e s

t < t0

(3.14)

t t0

Cc phn tch sau y da trn cc nghin cu c cp trong [53]. Theo ,

khi sp li in p pha rotor khi rotor h mch c biu din bi:

L
ur0 m
Ls

sU e jr t (1 s )(U U )e jmt e s
1
2
2

(3.15)

Khi rotor ni kn mch th nu su sp li l nh th in p sinh ra bi t

thng stator s khng vt qu gi tr cc i m b bin i c th to ra lm cho cc
dng in rotor vn cn i u chnh c (khng mt iu khin). Trong trng hp
ny, in p rotor khng khc nhiu so vi gi tr cc i ca in p rotor theo cng
thc (3.15).
Khi sp li su hn th i n p sinh ra bi t thng stator s vt qu gi tr
cc i m b bin i c th to ra lm mt kh nng iu khin cc dng in rotor.
Trong trng hp ny mc qu dng s tng theo su sp li.

42

3.3 Sch lc iu khin tr li

3.3.1 xut sch lc iu khin tr li
Phng php tr li c xut trong lun n ny, v nguyn l, cng
tng t nh cc phng php c trnh by trong [15, 58, 61]. im khc l ch:
Khi sp li mt phn h thng khng b ct ra khi li m vn c duy tr
i r thit k theo nguyn l th ng
bm li nh b iu khin vc t ng
d
(passivity-bsed, PCB).
Khi xy ra li li khng i xng b iu khin pha li c t chc theo
cu trc iu khin tch bit hai thnh phn thun nghch i xng.
B bin i pha li c tch hp thm chc nng lc tch cc ci thin
cht lng in nng ( ch li khng li) ti nt lp t my pht.
Phng php ny cho php gi cho my pht khng b ngt ra khi li khi c
s c v my pht c th cung cp nng lng tr li cho li sau khong vi trm mili
giy khi ht li. Do my pht v b bin i pha rotor vn c ni vi li nn vic
vn hnh ng b vn c duy tr trong sut qu trnh li li.
3.3.2 iu khin b bin i pha rotor khi xy ra li li
Cu trc iu khin b bin i pha rotor c trnh by nh hnh 3.1, cu trc
ny tng t nh cu trc iu khin trn hnh 2.4 nhng c tch hp thm b ngt qu
in p (y khng phi ni dung chnh ca lun n ny) .
BBPMP

Te*

PI

*
g

PI

urd

ird*
B iu
khin pha
Rotor

irq*

urq

e jr

PWM
BNQA

LL

ird
irq

e jr

abc

MPNK

r
isd
Tnh
mmen v
cng sut
phn
khng

isq

e j s

abc

usd

usq

s
Tnh gc pha v
in p stator

Hnh 3.1: Cu trc iu khin pha my pht

43

ng thi vi mc tiu nng cao cht lng h thng trong ch lm vic

bnh thng khi xut hin ti phi tuyn ti nghin cu kh nng tch hp chc nng
lc tch cc vo h thng iu khin pha li. Chi tit ca vn ny c cp
ngay trong phn tip theo ca lun n.

3.4 Tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo h thng iu khin pha li

tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo trong h thng iu khin pha li,
trc ht c s l thuyt c trnh by t lm nn tng cho vic thit k cu trc
lc tch cc v tch hp vo h thng iu khin pha li c sn.
C s l thuyt thit k lc tch cc da trn phng php cng sut tc
thi v c trnh by ngay trong phn tip theo ca lun n.

3.4.1 Tnh ton cc vector in p v dng in khi khng c thnh phn bc zero
Xt mt h thng in p v dng in ba pha i xng tuyn tnh

ua (t )
= 2Ucos(t + u )

ub (t ) = 2Usin(t + u )
3

uc (t ) = 2Usin(t + u + 3 )

ia (t )
= 2 Icos(t + i )

ib (t ) = 2 Isin(t + i ) (3.16)
3

ic (t ) = 2 Isin(t + i + 3 )

Nu khng tnh n cc thnh phn zero th cc vector dng p c bin i

sang h trc ta cho bi
u

= 3Ucos(t + u ) i
v
= 3Usin (t + u ) i

= 3Icos(t + i )
= 3Isin (t + i )

(3.17)

Khi cc vector in p c th c nh ngha t cc thnh phn in p

v nh sau:
u = u + ju

(3.18)

= 3U [cos(t + u ) + jsin (t + u )]

(3.19)

j (t +u )
= 3Ue

(3.20)

Tng t, vector dng c tnh nh sau:

44

i = i + ji

(3.21)

= 3I[cos(t + i ) + jsin (t + i )]
= 3Ie

(3.22)

j (t +i )

(3.23)

Cc vector dng v p ni trn c th c biu din trn mt mt phng phc

c trc thc l trc v trc o l trc trong php bin i Clarke. Cn ch rng
cc cc vector c nh ngha trn l cc hm ph thuc thi gian v chng l cc
thnh phn Clarke ca cc dng in dy v in p pha tc thi ca mt h thng ba
pha. Cc vector ny c bin l hng s v quay theo chiu t trc sang trc
(ngc chiu kim ng h) vi tn s gc l .

!
'

Hnh 3.2: Cc vector dng p trong h trc ta

3.4.2 Phn tch cng sut tc thi theo cc thnh phn Clarke
Vi h thng ba pha c hoc khng c dy trung tnh trong trng thi tnh hoc
qu , cng sut tc dng tc thi ba pha p3 (t ) biu th dng nng lng tc thi
trn mt giy chy qua h thng.
p3 (t ) = ua (t )ia (t ) + ub (t )ib (t ) + uc (t )ic (t )

(3.24)

p3 = u a ia + ubib + uc ic

(3.25)

Cng sut ny c th c tnh t cc thnh phn 0 nh sau

p3 = u i + u i

(3.26)

45

3.4.3 Lc tch cc trn c s b cng sut tc thi

Xt mt h thng ba pha ba dy, khi cng sut phc tc thi
ngha l tch ca vector in p

v phn b ca vector dng

c nh

:
(3.27)

Vi h thng ba pha c c dy trung tnh cc cng sut th t zero

sut tc dng tc thi

v cng sut o tc thi

v dng in dy tc thi trn trc

, cng

c xc nh t cc in p pha

nh sau:
(3.28)

T phng tr nh (3.28) c th suy ra

(3.29)
p dng phng php cng sut tc thi nh trn ta c th xy dng cu hnh
c bn ca mt b lc tch cc mch song song b dng hi ca mt ti c bit nh
hnh 3.3. N bao gm mt b bin i ngun p vi b iu khin dng PWM v mt
b iu khin lc tch cc c thc hin vi thut ton gn nh tc thi. B iu
v tnh ton
khin lc tch cc lm vic vi mch vng kn. N lin tc o dng ti
cho b bin i PWM. Trong trng hp l
cc gi tr t tc thi ca dng b
tng, b bin i PWM c th c xem nh l mt b khuych i cng sut tuyn
tnh.

Hnh 3.3. B lc tch cc song song

46

B bin i PWM phi c tn s ng ct f PWM ln sn sinh ra mt dng

in b chnh xc. Thng thng f PWM > 10 f max , trong f max l tn s sng hi ln
nht s c b.
Hnh 3.4 biu din mt b lc tch cc ba pha ba dy b dng. Trong b iu
khin lc tch cc gm c bn khi chc nng:
1. Khi tnh ton cng sut tc thi.
2. Khi chn cng sut b.
3. Khi iu chnh in p DC.
4. Khi tnh ton dng t.
B iu chnh in p DC xc nh thm mt lng cng sut tc dng biu
din bi p u trn hnh 3.4 nhm to ra mt dng nng lng qua t mt chiu C
gi in p ca n mt gi tr c nh. Cng sut tc dng ny c thm vo cng
sut tc dng b pC cng vi cng sut b o qC c dn qua khi tnh ton dng
t.

i sa

i sb
i sc

Ti phi
tuyn

i ca i cb i cc

u a ub uc
i La
i Lb
i Lc

L
Tnh ton cc
cng sut
tc thi

iu chnh
in p
DC

u dc

Ti nghch
lu pha
my pht

pc
Chn
cng sut
b

qc

Tnh ton
gi tr
dng t

i ca*
i cb*
i cc*

B iu khin
dng

i fa
i fb
i fc

Hnh 3.4: B lc tch cc ba pha ba dy b dng

47

3.4.4 Thit k b sung chc nng lc tch cc cho h thng iu khin pha li
Xt mt v d v mt h thng ba pha hnh sin i xng vi ti l mt b chnh
lu thyristor vi gc m 300 . Khi cng sut tc dng trn ti c dng nh h nh 3.5.
p

p~

t(s)

Hnh 3.5: Cng sut tc dng trn ti

Cng sut ny gm mt thnh phn trung bnh p v mt thnh phn sng hi

~
p . Ni cch khc, cng sut p l xp chng ca cc thnh phn p v ~
p:
p = p+ ~
p

Tng t, cng sut phn khng cng bao gm mt thnh phn trung bnh q
v mt thnh phn sng hi q~ :
q = q + q~

Nguyn l ca phng php lc ny c minh ha bi hnh 3.6. Theo cng

sut tc dng cn phi c o v phn tch thnh cc thnh phn p v ~p mt cch
lin tc. Vic tch cc thnh phn p v ~p t p c thc hin bng mt b lc
thng thp. B lc thng thp v tn s ct ca n cn phi c la chn mt cch cn
thn c th m bo ng hc ca h thng. Tuy nhin, tnh tr gy nn bi b lc
thng thp c th lm gim tnh nng ca b lc tch cc trong qu trnh qu . Trong
thc t, cc b lc Butterworth bc 5 vi tn s ct trong khong 20 n 100Hz
c s dng thnh cng trong vic tch cc thnh phn p v ~p t p [8].

48

Lc
thng
thp

u,
u, i + u, i

u,

i
u, i u, i

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3

2
2

ia
ib
ic

ica*

udc
u

ua
ub
uc

p
+

pu
PI
+

*
dc

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3

2
2

p + pu

1
u + u2
2

u u p + pu
u u
q

u,

*
cb

*
cc

1
2
1/ 2
3
1/ 2

3 / 2
3 / 2

ic*

ic*

u,

Hnh 3.6: Nguyn l b lc tch cc b thnh phn cng sut khng i

Khi in p khng cn bng hoc mo dng th khng th cng lc tha mn iu kin:
C c cc dng b cn bng v sin.
Ch loi b mt lng cng sut thc hng s t ngun.
cc dng c b tr nn sin v cn bng th b lc tch cc mch song song
phi b tt c cc thnh phn hi [8]. Nguyn l b lc tch cc cho iu khin dng sin
c trnh by trn hnh 3.7.
Lc
thng
thp

u,
u, i + u, i

u,

i
u, i u, i

Xc nh
thnh
phn th
t thun

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3

2
2

ua
ub
uc

ia
ib
ic

ica*

udc
u

ua,
ub,
uc,

*
dc

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3

2
2

pu
PI
+

p + pu

1 u u p + pu

2
u + u2 u u q

u,

icb*
*
cc

1
2
1/ 2
3
1/ 2

3 / 2
3 / 2

ic*

ic*

u,

Hnh 3.7: Nguyn l chc nng lc tch cc s c tch hp b sung vo cu

trc iu khin b bin i pha li

49

3.5 Tr li khng i xng s dng b iu khin vi thnh phn i xng

Trong thc t vn hnh li li khng i xng c th xy ra thng xuyn hn
c li li i xng. in p khng i xng cn xut hin trong cc li in yu
ngay c trong trng thi lm vic bnh th ng. Trong mt s trng hp, cc nhiu
lon trn li hoc ti khng i xng cng lm cho in p li khng cn i xng
na. iu ny c th dn ti mt n nh ca h thng, nh hng n chc nng lm
vic ca mt s thit b in v c th lm cho h thng bo v mt cn bng dng in
tc ng. Bi vy vn bm li (khng ct my pht ra khi li), iu khin my
pht vt qua thi gian li li khng i xng l mt yu cu bc thit cn c quan
tm gii quyt.

3.5.1 Bin i Park ca h thng ba pha khng i xng

Trong nghin cu cc h thng in, cc php bin i ton hc thng c s
dng phn ly cc bin s hoc thun tin cho vic x l cc phng trnh vi cc
h s bin thin theo thi gian hoc chuyn cc bin s v cng mt h trc ta .
Trong php bin i Park c s dng rng ri trong vic m hnh ha cc my
in v h thng in. Php bin i ny c th c p dng cho tt c cc tn hiu ba
pha bin thin theo thi gian. Cc tn hiu in c th c bin i sang mt h trc
ta c nh l h trc ta . Cc bin trn h ta c nh ny li c th c
bin i sang mt h trc ta quay vi tc gc v thng c gi l h trc
ta dq .
Mt h thng ba pha khng i xng c th c biu din bi cc phng
trnh in p sau:
ua (t ) = 2U a sin (t + a )
2
ub (t ) = 2U bsin (t + a
)
3

(3.30)
uc (t ) = 2U c sin (t + a +

2
)
3

Cc in p trn c bin i sang h trc ta c nh nh sau:

u = T u abc

trong

(3.31)

50

ua
u
= , u abc = ub ,
u
uc

T =

1
2
2

3
3
0

1
2

(3.32)

Tip theo, cc i lng trn h trc ta c th c bin i sang h

trc ta quay dq nh sau:
u d (t ) cos
u (t ) =
q sin

sin u (t )

cos u (t )

(3.33)

T cc phng tr nh (3.31) v (3.33) ta c th vit c nh sau:

u d (t ) cos
u (t ) =
q sin

sin 2 1 2

3
cos 3
0

1 u (t )
a
2 u (t )

3 b

u (t )
2 c

(3.34)

Bin i phng trnh (3.34) ta c

ud (t )
u (t ) =
q

2 cos

3 sin

2
2 u (t )
a
)
cos( +
)
3
3 u (t )
2
2 b
) u (t )
sin ( ) sin ( +
3
3 c
cos(

Thay phng tr nh (3.30) vo phng tr nh (3.35) ta c

ud (t )
2 U a cossin (t + a )

u (t ) =
3 U a sinsin (t + a )
q

2
2

U
t
cos
(

)
sin
(
+

)
b
a
2
3
3
+

3 U sin ( 2 )sin (t + 2 )
b
a
3
3

2
2

2 U c cos( + 3 )sin (t + a + 3 )
+

3 U sin ( + 2 )sin (t + 2 )
c
a
3
3

S dng cc bin i sau:

sin (t + a )cos =

1
1
sin (t + a + ) + sin (t + a )
2
2

(3.35)

51

sin (t + a

2
2
1
4
1
)cos(
) = sin (t + a +
) + sin (t + a )
3
3
2
3
2

sin (t + a +

2
2
1
4
1
)cos( +
) = sin (t + a + +
) + sin (t + a )
3
3
2
3
2

sin (t + a )sin ( ) =

1
1
cos(t + a ) cos(t + a + )
2
2

sin (t + a

2
2
1
1
4
)sin (
) = cos(t + a ) cos(t + a +
)
2
2
3
3
3

sin (t + a +

1
4
2
2
1
)
)sin ( +
) = cos(t + a ) cos(t + a + +
2
3
3
3
2

phng tr nh (3.35) c vit li nh sau:

ud (t ) 1 U a sin (t + a ) + U a sin (t + a + )

u (t ) =
3 U a cos(t + a ) U a cos(t + a + )
q

sin (t + + 4 )

U
t
U
sin
(
+

)
+
b
a
b
a

1
3
+

3 U sin (t + ) U cos(t + + 4 )
b
a
b
a
3

sin (t + + + 4 )

U
t
U
sin
(
+

)
+
c
a
c
a

1
3
+

3 U sin (t + ) U cos(t + + + 4 )
c
a
c
a
3

Hay:
ud (t ) 1 (U a + U b + U c )sin (t + a )

u (t ) =
3 (U a + U b + U c )cos(t + a )
q

sin (t + + 4 ) + U sin (t + + + 4 )

U
t
U
sin
(
+
+
)
+
a
a
b
a
c
a

1
3
3
+

3 U cos(t + + ) U cos(t + + 4 ) U cos(t + + + 4 )

a
a
b
a
c
a
3
3

Nu trc ta d c chn nm trng vi trc ca pha A th = t v khi

phng tr nh trn c dng n gin hn nh sau [71]:
ud (t ) 1 (U a + U b + U c )sin ( a )

u (t ) =
3 (U a + U b + U c )cos( a )
q

4
4

1 U a sin (2t + a ) + U bsin (2t + a 3 ) + U csin (2t + a 3 )

+

3 U cos(2t + ) U cos(2t + 4 ) U cos(2t + + 4 )

a
a
b
a
c
a
3
3

(3.36)

52

C th nhn thy rng khi h thng cn bng U a = U b = U c th thnh phn th

hai ca phng trnh (3.36) bng 0. Khi h thng mt cn bng th trong thnh phn
ca ud v uq c c cc thnh phn mt chiu khng i v thnh phn th hai vi
tn s bin i l 2 .
Phng trnh (3.31) c th c p dng cho c h thng ba pha cn bng v
khng cn bng. i vi h thng ba pha khng cn bng, cc in p trn h trc ta
c th c phn tch thnh cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc nh sau:
u (t ) up (t ) + un (t )

u (t ) = p
n
u (t ) + u (t )

(3.37)

Cc ch s p v n trong phng tr nh (3.37) dng biu th cc thnh phn

th t thun v ngc tng ng.
Tip theo, cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc trn h trc ta c th
c bin i sang h trc ta quay dq nh sau:
udp (t ) cos
p =
uq (t ) sin
udn (t ) cos
n =
uq (t ) sin

sin up (t )

cos u p (t )

(3.38)

sin un (t )

cos u n (t )

(3.39)

T cc phng tr nh (3.31), (3.38) v (3.39) ta c th vit c nh sau:

udp (t ) cos
p =
uq (t ) sin

sin 2 1 2

3
cos 3
0

u dn (t ) cos
n =
u q (t ) sin

sin 2 1 2

3
cos 3
0

1 u (t )
a
2 u (t )

3 b

u (t )
2 c

1 u (t )
a
2 u (t )

3 b

u (t )
2 c

(3.40)

(3.41)

Bin i cc phng tr nh (3.40) v (3.41) ta c

udp (t )
p =
uq (t )

2 cos

3 sin

u dn (t )
n =
u q (t )

2 cos

3 sin

2
2 u (t )
a
)
cos( +
)
3
3 u (t )
2
2 b
sin ( ) sin ( +
) u (t )
3
3 c

(3.42)

2
2
) cos( ) u a (t )
3
3 u (t )
2
2 b
sin ( +
) sin ( ) u (t )
3
3 c

(3.43)

cos(

cos( +

53

Thay phng tr nh (3.30) vo phng tr nh (3.42) v (3.43) ta c

udp (t ) 1 (U a + U b + U c )sin (t + a )
p =

3 (U a + U b + U c )cos(t + a )
uq (t )
4
4

1 U a sin (t + a + ) + U b sin (t + a + 3 ) + U c sin (t + a + + 3 )

+

3 U cos(t + + ) + U cos(t + + 4 ) + U cos(t + + + 4 )

a
a
b
a
c
a
3
3

udn (t ) 1 (U a + U b + U c )sin (t + a + )
n =

3 (U a + U b + U c )cos(t + a + )
uq (t )

4
4

1 U a sin (t + a ) + U bsin (t + a 3 ) + U c sin (t + a + 3 )

+

3 U cos(t + ) + U cos(t + 4 ) + U cos(t + + 4 )

a
a
b
a
c
a
3
3

Nu trc ta d c chn nm trng vi pha A th = t v khi cc

phng tr nh trn c dng n gin hn nh sau:

udp (t ) 1 (U a + U b + U c )sin ( a )
p =

3 (U a + U b + U c )cos( a )
uq (t )

sin (2t + 4 ) + U sin (2t + 4 )

U
t
U
sin
(2
+
)
+
a
a
b
a
c
a

1
3
3
+

3 U cos(2t + + U cos(2t + 4 ) + U cos(2t + + 4 )

a
a
b
a
c
a
3
3

(3.44)
udn (t ) 1 (U a + U b + U c )sin (2t + a )
n =

3 (U a + U b + U c )cos(2t + a )
uq (t )

4
4

1 U a sin ( a ) + U bsin ( a 3 ) + U c sin ( a + 3 )

+

3 U cos( ) + U cos( 4 ) + U cos( + 4 )

a
a
b
a
c
a
3
3

(3.45)

3.5.2 Xc nh cc thnh phn i xng theo phng php cng sut tc thi
Vic xc nh cc thnh phn th t thun v th t ngc ca in p v
dng c cp trong nhiu ti liu nghin cu. Trong thc t c nhiu phng
php khc nhau c th tch ring cc thnh phn i xng trong cc in p v dng

54

in, c th nh phng php da trn cng sut tc thi [8], phng php s dng cc
b lc [87, 91], phng php tch phn bc hai [76], phng php kh tr tn hiu [9,
10, 37, 60, 88]...
Cc ti liu nghin cu ch ra rng thnh phn th t ngc ng vai tr nh
l hi bc hai trong ta quay dq i vi thnh phn th t thun. Ngc li, thnh
phn th t thun ng vai tr nh l hi bc hai trong ta quay dq i vi thnh
phn th t ngc. V vy, c th dng cc b lc thng thp ly ra cc thnh phn
mt chiu v loi bt nhng thnh phn dao ng tn s cao, t tch ra c cc
thnh phn th t thun v ngc [91].
Theo nh ngha cng sut tc thi th cc phng trnh biu din in p ca
cc pha c vit nh sau:
ua (t ) = 2U p sin (t + p ) + 2U nsin (t + n ) + 2U 0sin (t + 0 )
2
2
) + 2U 0sin (t + 0 )
) + 2U n sin (t + n +
ub (t ) = 2U p sin (t + p
3
3
2
2
) + 2U 0sin (t + 0 )
) + 2U n sin (t + n
uc (t ) = 2U p sin (t + p +
3
3

Trong U p , U n , U 0 l cc gi tr bin ca cc thnh phn in p th t

thun, ngc v zero. p , n v 0 l cc gc pha tng ng ca cc thnh phn
in p trn.
Tng t, dng in tc thi ca cc pha c biu din nh sau:
ia (t ) = 2 Ip sin (t + p ) + 2 Insin (t + n ) + 2 I0sin (t + 0 )
ib (t ) = 2 Ip sin (t + p

2
2
) + 2 Insin (t + n +
) + 2 I0sin (t + 0 )
3
3

ic (t ) = 2 Ip sin (t + p +

2
2
) + 2 Insin (t + n
) + 2 I0sin (t + 0 )
3
3

Trong Ip , In , I0 l cc gi tr bin ca cc thnh phn dng in th t

thun, ngc v zero. p , n v 0 l cc gc pha tng ng ca cc thnh phn
dng in trn.
Chuyn cc in p v dng in tc thi trn sang h trc ta s nhn
c

55

u = 3U p sin (t + p ) + 3U n sin (t + n )
=1

=1

=1

=1

u = 3U p cos(t + p ) + 3U n cos(t + n )

=1

=1

i = 3Ip sin (t + p ) + 3In sin (t + n )

=1

=1

i = 3Ip cos(t + p ) + 3In cos(t + n )

(3.46)
(3.47)

Cng sut thc p v o q c biu din nh sau

p = p+ ~
p
q = q + q~

Trong p , q l cc gi tr trung bnh v ~p , q~ l cc thnh phn sng hi

ca p v q [8].

=1

=1

=1

=1

p = 3U p Ip cos( p p ) + 3U n In cos( n n )
q = 3U p Ip sin ( p p ) + 3U n In sin ( n n )

(3.48)
(3.49)

~
p = 3U p Ip cos(( )t + p p )
=1 =1

+ 3U n In cos(( )t + n n )
=1 =1

+ 3U p In cos(( + )t + p + n )
=1 =1

+ 3U n Ip cos(( + )t + n + p )
=1 =1

(3.50)

q~ = 3U p Ip sin (( )t + p p )
=1 =1

+ 3U n In sin (( )t + n n )
=1 =1

+ 3U p In sin (( + )t + p + n )
=1 =1

+ 3U n Ip sin (( + )t + n + p )
=1 =1

(3.51)

56

T cc phng trnh (3.50) v (3.51) c th nhn thy rng ch c thnh phn

in th t thun c bn U p1 l gp phn sn sinh ra cc cng sut p v q . Thnh
phn in p th t ngc U n1 v cc sng hi khc ch gy ra cc thnh phn dao
ng trong cc cng sut thc v o. V vy, c c thnh phn cng sut trung
bnh ca cc cng sut thc v o ta c th s dng cc b lc thng thp. Hn na,
c th xc nh c thnh phn th t thun ca in p li ta cn cn phi tm thnh
phn th t thun c bn ca dng in li.
Thnh phn th t thun c bn ca dng l i c xc nh t phng tr nh
(3.50) v (3.51) (ng vi = 1 ) nh sau:
i = 3Ip1sin (1t + p1 )

(3.52)

i = 3Ip1cos(1t + p1 )

(3.53)

Theo ti liu [8] th c th xc nh c thnh phn th t thun ca in p

li cn phi xc nh mt cch chnh xc tn s sng c bn 1 . V vy, ngi ta s
dng cc dng in ph i' v i' bng cch gn gi tr bin ca dng in trong
cc biu thc (3.52) v (3.53) bng n v v gc pha bng 0, ngh a l
i' = sin (1t )

(3.54)

i' = cos(1t )

(3.55)

Cc dng in ph ny c tnh ton da trn mt thut ton c biu din

bng mt s khi gi l mch vng kha pha (Phase-locked loop, PLL) nh trn
hnh 3.8 [8]. Theo , mch PLL t n im n nh khi cng sut tc dng tc thi
gi tng p3' = uabi' + ucbi' c gi tr trung bnh bng 0.
sin(t )

ua

uab

ub

uc

sin(t / 2)

i,

PI

ucb

1
s

sin(t )

-cos(t / 2)

Hnh 3.8: Xc nh cc dng in ph

i,

57

Trn c s cc dng in ph trong cc biu thc (3.54) v (3.55) c th xc

nh c cc cng sut ph p ' v q ' nh sau:
p ' = u i' + u i'

(3.56)

q ' = u i' u i'

(3.57)

Sau khi tnh c cc thnh phn i' , i' , p ' , q ' nh trn, thnh phn th
t thun ca in p li c th c xc nh theo s khi trn hnh 3.9 [8].
i,

i,

p,
u

,
a
,
b

uc,

1
2
1/ 2
3
1/ 2

3 / 2
3 / 2

u,

,
,
1 i i p ,

i,2 + i,2 i, i, q ,

q,

Lc
thng
thp

Lc
thng
thp

i,
u i, + u i,

i,
u

u i, u i,

Mch
PLL

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3
0 2 2

ua
ub
uc

Hnh 3.9: Xc nh cc thnh phn in p th t thun

Cc kt qu m phng c th hin trn hnh 3.10. i n p li b mt i

xng trong khong thi gian t 1s n 1.5s do s c mt ca ti khng cn bng. Bin
ca in p pha A gim xung cn khong 75% bin in p ca cc pha cn li.
Cc kt qu m phng cho thy l b pht hin thnh phn th t thun lm vic tt
khi li mt i xng. Cc th bn tri ca hnh 3.10 cho thy r hn cc p ng
ca in p li, dng in ti v thnh phn th t thun trong khong thi gian t
0,95s n 1,2s. C th nhn thy rng, khi bin ca cc pha in p li mt cn
bng th bin ca thnh phn th t thun cng b gim (nhng vn cn bng). Cn
lu rng vi b pht hin thnh phn th t thun nh trnh by trn th thi gian
qu trnh qu k t khi in p li b mt cn bng cho n khi bin ca thnh
phn th t thun n nh l khong xp x 100ms.

58

Dien ap luoi

Dien ap luoi

200
Voltage

Voltage

200
0

0
-200

-200
0

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.5

0.95

40

20

20

0
-20
-40

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.2

1.5

0
-20
-40
0.95

1.1
1.05
Thoi gian (s)

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.2

Thanh phan thu tu thuan

Thanh phan thu tu thuan

200
Voltage

200
Voltage

1.15

Dong dien tai

40
Ampere

Ampere

Dong dien tai

1.05
1.1
Thoi gian (s)

0
-200

-200
0

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.5

0.95

1.05
1.1
Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 3.10: Xc nh thnh phn th t thun ca in p li

Hnh 3.11 cho thy r hn cc p ng ca dng in ti v thnh phn th t

thun ca in p li khi c ti phi tuyn l mt b chnh lu ba pha na chu k c
a vo lm vic. Mc d c s xut hin ca ti phi tuyn trong khong thi gian t
0,5s n 0,8s lm cho dng in ti v in p li c s chnh lch rt ln v bin
cc na chu k dng v m nhng thnh phn th t thun ca in p li vn
m bo i xng v sin.

59

Dong dien tai

Thanh phan thu tu thuan

30
200
Voltage

Ampere

20
10
0
-10

0
-200

0.48 0.5

0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6

Thoi gian (s)

0.62 0.64

0.48 0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64

Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 3.11: Thnh phn th t thun ca in p li khi c ti phi tuyn

Nh vy, vi b pht hin thnh phn th t thun trn c s cng sut tc
thi nh trnh by trn ta c th xc nh c thnh phn th t thun mt
cch tng i nhanh v n nh. Tuy nhin, cho n thi im hin ti vn cha c
mt nghin cu no cp ti vic xc nh cc thnh phn th t ngc theo nguyn
l cng sut tc thi. V vy, trong trng hp cn phi xc nh c cc thnh phn th
t thun v ngc th cn phi xy dng thm b pht hin thnh phn th t ngc
cng trn c s cng sut tc thi.
so snh v tm ra mt phng n xc nh cc thnh phn th t thun v
ngc mt cch ti u th mt phng php khc xc nh cc thnh phn i xng
s dng b lc a bin c p dng trong lun n ny. Nguyn l v cc kt qu
m phng vic xc nh cc thnh phn i xng s c trnh by trong phn tip
theo.

3.5.3 Xc nh cc thnh phn i xng s dng b lc a bin

Vi mt h thng khng sin v khng cn bng, cc thnh phn th t thun v
ngc trn ta c nh c biu din bi
u (t ) = u (t ) + ju (t )

(3.58)

Gi H p l mt b lc m thng qua n ta nhn c cc thnh phn th t

thun c bn up , ngha l
up (t ) = u (t ) * H p (t ).

Lu du "*" trong cng thc (3.59) l ch tch chp.

Khi , theo ti liu [38], b lc H p tm c s c hm truyn nh sau:

(3.59)

60

H p ( s) =

b
s j1 + b

(3.60)

Trong , 1 l tn s gc c bn, b l tn s im gy.

T cc phng tr nh (3.59) v (3.60) ta c th vit c

up ( s ) + ju p ( s ) =

b
[u (s) + ju (s)]
s j1 + b

T ta c

(3.61)

(3.62)

up ( s ) =

1
b ( s ) up ( s ) 1u p ( s )
s

u p ( s ) =

1
b ( s ) u p ( s ) + 1up ( s )
s

Tng t, gi H n l mt b lc m thng qua n ta nhn c cc thnh phn

th t ngc c bn un , ngha l
un (t ) = u (t ) * H n (t ),

(3.63)

th theo ti liu [38] b lc H n tm c s c hm truyn nh sau:

H n ( s) =

b
.
s + j1 + b

(3.64)

T cc phng tr nh (3.63) v (3.64) ta c

un ( s ) + ju p ( s ) =

b
[u (s) + ju (s)]
s + j1 + b

Cui cng ta c cc phng tr nh sau

un ( s ) =

1
[b (s) un (s) + 1un (s)]
s

(3.65)

u n ( s ) =

1
[b (s) un (s) 1un (s)]
s

(3.66)

T cc phng tr nh (3.61), (3.62), (3.65) v (3.66) ta c th xy dng c m

hnh khu phn ly cc thnh phn th t thun ngc nh trn h nh 3.12

61

-K1

abc ab

1
s

ab

1
abp

-K-

-K-

-K-

-K-

1
s

1
s

2
abn

-K-

-K-

-K-

1
s

Hnh 3.12: Phn ly thnh phn th t thun v ngc s dng cc b lc a bin

Cc kt qu m phng c th hin trn hnh 3.13. Tng t nh hnh 3.10,

bin ca ca in p pha A cng b gim xung cn khong 75% bin in p
ca cc pha cn li trong khong thi gian t 1s n 1.5s do s c mt ca ti khng
cn bng.
Cc th bn tri ca hnh 3.13 cho thy r hn cc p ng ca in p li,
dng in ti, thnh phn th t thun v ngc trong khong thi gian t 0,95s n
1,2s. Khi bin ca cc pha in p li mt cn bng th bin ca thnh phn th
t thun bt u b gim v bin ca thnh phn th t ngc tng ln. C th nhn
thy rng, vi b pht hin cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc s dng b lc a
bin th thi gian qu trnh qu k t khi in p li b mt cn bng cho n khi
bin ca thnh phn th t thun n nh l khong xp x 100ms. Trong khi ,
qu trnh qu ca qu trnh pht hin thnh phn th t ngc l khong 150ms.

62

Dien ap luoi

Dien ap luoi
200
Voltage

Voltage

200
0

0
-200

-200
0

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.5

0.95

40

20

20

0
-20
-40

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.5

-20
-40
0.95

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.2

200
Voltage

Voltage

1.05
1.1
Thoi gian (s)

Thanh phan thu tu thuan

200
0

0
-200

-200
0

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.5

0.95

1.05
1.1
Thoi gian (s)

Thanh phan thu tu nguoc

Thanh phan thu tu nguoc

20
Voltage

20
Voltage

1.2

Thanh phan thu tu thuan

-20

1.15

Dong dien tai

40
Ampere

Ampere

Dong dien tai

1.1
1.05
Thoi gian (s)

0.5

1
Thoi gian (s)

1.5

-20
0.95

1.05
1.1
Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 3.13: Xc nh thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca in p li

Hnh 3.14 cho thy r hn cc p ng ca dng i n ti, thnh phn th t

thun v ngc ca in p li khi c s xut hin ca ti phi tuyn trong khong thi
gian t 0,5s n 0,8s. Khi dng in ti v in p li c s chnh lch rt ln v bin

63

cc na chu k dng v m nhng thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca in p

li vn m bo i xng v sin.
Dien ap luoi

Dong dien tai

30
Ampere

Voltage

200
0
-200
0.48

0.5

0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58

Thoi gian (s)

0.6

20
10
0
-10

0.62 0.64

0.48

0.5

Thanh phan thu tu thuan

0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58

Thoi gian (s)

0.6

0.62 0.64

Thanh phan thu tu nguoc

2
Voltage

Voltage

200
0

-200
0.48

0.5

0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58

Thoi gian (s)

0.6

0.62 0.64

-2

0.48

0.5

0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58

Thoi gian (s)

0.6

0.62 0.64

Hnh 3.14: Thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca in p li khi c ti phi tuyn

Nu so snh vi b pht hin thnh phn th t thun theo nguyn l cng sut
tc thi th b pht hin thnh phn th t thun v ngc theo phng php s dng
b lc a bin trnh by trn c thi gian ca qu trnh qu tng t nhau
nhng c n nh cao hn. ng thi, b pht hin cc thnh phn i xng theo
phng php s dng b lc a bin c th nhanh chng a ra cc thnh phn th t
thun v ngc trong cng mt b lc. Chnh v cc u im nu trn m phng php
s dng b lc a bin s c s dng trong cc nghin cu tip theo trong lun n.

7.5.4 Thit k b iu khin vi thnh phn i xng

Trong sch lc nng cao kh nng tr li khng i xng c tch hp b lc
tch cc iu khin dng sin nh trnh by phn trn cho php thc hin vic p
t dng li c dng sin v i xng hn bng cch b tt c cc sng hi cng nh
cc thnh phn sai khc vi thnh phn dng th t thun c bn. Vi sch lc ny th

64

ta ch cn xc nh chnh xc thnh phn th t thun c bn ca in p li. Tt c

cc thnh phn cn li s c b thng qua mt b lc tch cc. C th nhn thy rng
vic ng thi tha mn cc yu cu v dng sin v cn bng ca dng li khi xy ra
li li khng i xng l khng d dng. Mt khc, khi xy ra sp li trong thi gian
ngn th yu cu h tr li vt qua li c bit l li li khng i xng l yu
cu cp bch hn so vi vic m bo dng sin (cht lng) ca in p.
V vy, h tr li v nng cao kh nng tr li khng i xng th c th
iu khin ring r cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc vi cc tiu ch khc nhau
cho tng thnh phn. Mc tiu iu khin l phi p t dng li c dng ging nh
dng ca thnh phn th t thun c bn. ng thi m bo cc thnh phn th t
ngc phi b trit tiu hoc gim nh cng nhiu cng tt. Mun vy th b iu khin
dng cn c thc hin trn c hai h trc ta quay dq thun v ngc. Mt b
iu khin dng nh vy cn c gi l b iu khin THX [6, 11, 21, 64].
Cu trc iu khin pha li vi b iu khin THX c xy dng nh trn
hnh 3.15. Mc tiu iu khin pha li l m bo n nh gi tr in p mt chiu
ca mch mt chiu trung gian, ng thi h tr li trong qu trnh li li khng i
xng bng cch cn bng cc dng in li.
udc

isdn

udc

*
udc

isd +

PI

+
us*

+
*
sq

isq

PI

isd*

us

usd
B iu khin
pha li

usq

e js

GSC

isdp

isqn

isqp

s
usdt

us
isdn

isqn

,
sdn

i
e j 2s

,
isqn

u +u
2
sdt

*
usdn

+
PI

PWM

2
sqt

usqt

PI

- usqn
+
*
usqn

abc

us t
e

j s

usdn

e js

isa
isb
isc

u s t
us n

e js

Tnh gc pha
v cc
thnh phn
i xng

usa
usb
usc

u s n

Hnh 3.15: Cu trc iu khin pha li vi b iu khin THX

Li

65

T kt qu o lng cc in p li u sa , u sb v u sc ta c th c c gc
pha s , cc thnh phn i xng thun u st , u st v ngc u sn , u st u ra ca
khu tnh gc pha v cc thnh phn i xng nh c trnh by mc 3.5.3.
Thng qua cc khu bin i h trc ta , cc thnh phn in p trn cc h trc ta
thun v ngc c chuyn sang cc h trc ta dq thun v ngc nh
sau:

u sdt (t ) cos
u (t ) =
sqt sin

sin u st (t )

cos u st (t )

(3.67)

u sdn (t ) cos
u (t ) =
sqn sin

sin u sn (t )

cos u n (t )

(3.68)

Ch rng cc thnh phn ny chnh l cc phn hi in p cho cc mch

vng iu khin pha li.
Cc in p phn hi ca thnh phn th t ngc u sdn , u sqn c so snh vi
*
*
= 0 . Cc sai lch ca cc thnh phn in p th t
cc in p t u sdn
= 0 v u sqn

ngc sau c a n cc b iu khin kiu PI (hnh 3.15). Cc tn hiu u ra

'
'
, isqn
trn h trc ta dq ngc s c chuyn
ca cc b iu khin ny l isdn

~
i sang h trc ta dq thun vi cc gi tr u ra l isdn v isqn nh sau:

~
isdt (t ) cos2
~
=
isqt (t ) sin 2

'
(t )
sin 2 isdn

.
'
(t )
cos2 isqn

(3.69)

Trong khi , bin ca thnh phn th t thun ca in p li c tnh

nh sau:
2
2
U s = u sdt
+ u sqt

(3.70)

Tn hiu sai lch gia u s v in p t u*s cng c a n mt b iu

khin kiu PI nh m t trn hnh 3.15. u ra ca b iu khin ny dng in t isq
cho mch vng iu khin dng bn trong.
Mt khc, in p mt chiu udc c gi n nh gi tr t udc* nh mt
b iu khin PI khc mch vng in p mt chiu trung gian. u ra ca b iu
khin ny dng in t isd cho mch vng iu khin dng bn trong.
Cc gi tr t cho cc mch vng iu khin dng in bn trong isd* , isq* c

66

suy ra bng cch cng cc tn hiu u ra ca cc b iu khin kiu PI vng ngoi

theo tng trc ta d v q tng ng, ngha l:
~
= isd + isd
~
= isq + isq

isd*
isq*

(3.71)

B iu khin cho mch vng iu khin dng bn trong c thit k theo kiu
deadbeat [3, 4, 72] v c trnh by chi tit trong mc 2.5.
3.6 Cu trc iu khin ca ton b h thng
Khi tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo h thng iu khin pha li vi b
iu khin THX s c cu trc iu khin nh trn h nh 3.16.

udc

*
dc

isd

udc
PI

+
u

isd +

*
s

Chuyn
trng thi
logic

,
sq

isq

us

udc*
PI

,
s t
,
s t

1
u2 + u2

B iu khin
pha li

*
sq

e js

usq

pu

GSC

isqp

isdc isqc
Lc
thng
thp

u,

u u p + pu
u u
q

u i +u i
,

u, i u, i

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3
0 2 2

usdt

isq

i
e j 2s

,
isqn

abc

ua,
ub,
uc,

Xc nh
thnh
phn th
t thun

isa
isb
isc
usa
usb
usc

isa
isb
isc

s
us

isd

e js

1
1

1

2
2
2

3
3
3

2
2

u, u,

,
sdn

PWM

isdp

p + pu

usd

+
isq

udc

isdc
isqc e js

isd*

PI

LL
,
sd

*
usdn

+
PI

u +u
2
sdt

2
sqt

usqt e

us t
j s

usdn

PI

us n

j
- usqn e

+
*
usqn

u s t

Tnh gc pha
v cc
thnh phn
i xng

u s n

Li

Hnh 3.16: Cu trc iu khin pha li vi b iu khin THX c tch hp

chc nng lc tch cc

67

Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng ny nh sau:

Trong qu trnh lm vic bnh thng th b lc tch cc c a vo lm
vic. Thng qua b chuyn mch tn hiu, cc tn hiu t ca dng in li isd* , isq*
~

~
chnh l cc tn hiu ra ca b lc tch cc isdc v isqc , ngha l

isd*
isq*

~
= isdc
~
= isqc

Khi , b bin i pha li khng nhng ch c nhim v n nh in p mt

chiu trung gian m cn ng vai tr mt b lc sng hi, gip h thng lm vic tt
hn vi cc ti phi tuyn.
Khi xy ra li li th b iu khin THX c a vo lm vic. Tn hiu
li li (LL) s c a n b chuyn mch tn hiu. Cc tn hiu t ca dng in
li isd* , isq* by gi tr thnh
isd*
isq*

~
= isd' = isd + isd
~
= isq' = isq + isq

Lc ny b bin i pha li c iu khin h tr in p li (pht cng

sut phn khng) trong sut qu trnh s c.
T cu trc iu khin ca b bin i pha my pht c trnh by trn
hnh 3.1v cu trc b iu khin pha li c trnh by trn hnh 3.16 th cu trc
tng th ca ton b h thng c xy dng nh trn hnh 3.17 v bao gm cc khi
chnh nh sau:
KPMP: Khi iu khin pha my pht.
KPL: Khi iu khin pha li. Trong LTC l khi lc tch cc v
THX l b iu khin tng hp i xng.
Phn iu khin dng pha my pht s dng phng php iu khin th ng.
Pha rotor ca MPKBNK c ni vi mt b ngt qu in p (BNQDA) [15, 58,
61, 68, 77] l cc in tr tiu tn c iu khin bi cc thyristor. Khi in p mt
chiu trung gian tng cao hoc khi in p li gim xung n mt mc no th
BNQDA tc ng. B bin i pha my pht s ngng lm vic v cc dy qun rotor
ca my pht c ni kn mch qua h thng in tr tiu tn ny. Nh vy, trong qu
trnh li li MPKBNK c s dng nh mt ng c khng ng b rotor dy
qun. Phng php ny cho php gi cho my pht khng b ngt ra khi li khi c
s c v my pht c th cung cp nng lng tr li cho li sau khong vi trm
mini giy khi ht li. Do my pht v b bin i pha rotor vn c ni vi li nn
vic vn hnh ng b vn c duy tr trong sut qu trnh li li. Cn lu l tng
tr ca cc in tr tiu tn phi nh trnh qu in p trn cc u cc ca b
bin i, nhng c ng phi ln hn ch dng qua chng.

68

BBPMP

Te*

PI

*
g

urd

ird*
B iu
khin pha
Rotor

*
rq

i
PI

e jr

urq

PWM

BNQA

LL

ird
irq

e jr

abc

MPNK

r
isd

isq

Tnh
mmen v
cng sut
phn
khng

KPMP

e j s

abc

usd

Tnh gc pha v
in p stator

usq

udc

*
dc

isd

udc

+
u

isd

PI

*
s

Chuyn
mch tn
hiu

isq

*
udc

pu

PI

is, t

is, t

1
u + u2
2

u
u

THX

B iu khin
pha li

*
sq

e j s

usq

s
isqp

Lc
thng
thp

u,

u p + pu
u q

u i + u i
,

u i u i
,

us

isq
LTC

,
sdn

i
e

j 2 s

,
isqn

j s

1
2
2

3
3
0 2

1
2

1
2
2

3
3
0

1
2

abc

ua,
ub,
uc,

Xc nh
thnh
phn th
t thun

isa
isb
isc
usa
usb
usc

isa
isb
isc

u,
usdt

isd

BBPL

isqc

isdc

u,

PWM

isdp

p + pu

usd

+
isq

udc

e j s

isd*

,
sq

us

isdc
isqc

LL
,
sd

PI

*
usdn

+
PI

2
2
usdt
+ usqt

usqt

us t

e j s

usdn

PI

- usqn
*
+
usqn

u s t

us n
e j s

Tnh gc pha
v cc
thnh phn
i xng

u s n

KPL

Hnh 3.17: Cu trc iu khin ca ton b h thng

Li

69

Cu trc ca h thng nh trn h nh 3.17 cho php thc hin cc sch lc iu

khin khc nhau c trong ch lm vic bnh thng cng nh trong qu trnh khc
phc li li i xng v khng i xng.

Kt lun chng 3
Chng 3 gii quyt c cc vn sau:
Nghin cu c im ng hc ca MPKBNK khi sp li t xut sch
lc iu khin tr li nhm nng cao cht lng ca h thng pht in sc gi s
dng my pht khng ng b ngun kp.
Tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo h thng iu khin pha li.
Xy dng b iu khin tng hp i xng trn c s b iu khin vc t dng
PBC nng cao kh nng tr li khng i xng ca h thng ba pha c hoc khng
c dy trung tnh.
Xy dng cu trc iu khin tng th cho ton b h thng my pht sc gi s
dng MPKBNK.

70

Chng 4. Kt qu m phng

4.1 Cc s m phng
kim tra v nh gi cht lng ca thut ton cng nh ca h thng iu
khin ta s dng phn mm m phng Matlab - Simulink - Plesc. Vi i tng iu
khin MPKBNK vi cc thng s cho trong bng 4.1.

Pdm = 7.5 KW

U dmr = 366 V

Rr = 0.66 W

U dms = 230/400 ( /Y)

ndm = 1450 V/p

Ls = 0.033 H

f dm = 50 Hz

Rs = 0.5035

L r = 0.0049 H

zp = 2

Cos = 0.85

Lm = 0,0805 H

J = 0.05 Kgm2
Bng 4.1: Cc thng s ca MPKBNK
S m phng ton b h thng bng Matlab - Simulink - Plesc th hin trn
hnh 4.1

71

M hnh MFNK
omega_n

Tuc bin
1450

n_ref

[n]

mL

Tr

Udc

Tm

Unetz

Source

Ustator

omega_n

u_dc

u_netz

indq_ist

indq_ist

undq_ist

undq_ist

theta_n

theta_n

udc_ist

udc_ist

irdq_ist

IF

Tabc

u_stator

Sng sin
IStator

K5

Enc

Synch

i_stator

enc

Ti

Inetz

i_netz

FaultA

Irotor

i_rotor

FaultB

I_fault

I_phu

DC Check

FA

FB

BBPL
isdq_ist

Cac tin hieu dieu khien

CPulse

I_source

I_chinh

Rec
usdq_ist
Inv

[load_thy]

i_rsc

Load_thy

i_rsc

k_5
Synchout
theta_s

[pul_rec]

Pul_rec

vdc_rec

vdc_rec

BBPMF

K5

Synch

[load_rec]

Load_rec

idc_rec

idc_rec omega_s
IF

o lng

udc_ist

theta_r
omega_m

theta_n

[vdc]

[load_thy]
Tabc

vdc

Chun ha
[vnabc]

vnabc

[vsabc]

vsbac

[isabc]

isabc

[inabc]

inabc

[irabc]

irabc

[load_rec]

undq_ist
omega_n
irdq_ist

Lc tch
Lo cc

isdq_ist
usdq_ist
theta_s

theta_r

omega_s

[ifabc]

ifabc
omega_m

[isource]

isource

fault

Hnh 4.1: Nguyn l m phng h thng my pht sc gi vi MPKBNK

72

Nguyn l h thng iu khin pha rotor c trnh by trn hnh 4.2 vi m

hnh PLECS c trnh by trn hnh 4.3.
[IF]

[FSignal]
1

Ein Aus

Synch

Synch_Delay

iu khin
dng
current
controller

[Synch]
[ird_ref]
[Synch]

Sy nch

IF

[Teref]

mG_ref

[udc_ist]

udc_ist
4

[theta_n]

IF

[Synch]
ird_soll

[irdd]

[theta_r]
urqr

[usd_ist]

usd

[usq_ist]

usq

[udc_ist]

[Q]

Qs

[vnd]

Tabc
theta

ird_ist

omegaS

omega_n

Tabc

[irq_ref]
[ird_ist]

[omega_s]

irq_soll

[Te]

mG

is_dq

[omega_n]

ird_synch

Qref

theta_n

urdr

irq*

[Qref]

IF

ird*

[IF]

[irq_ist]

irq_ist

[is_dq]

is_dq

udc_ist

Modulation
iu ch

[und_ist]
5
em
undq_ist

[co s]

Cosphi_IF

[vnq]
Momen and cos phi
Controller1

[isd]

[omega_r]

omega_r

[omega_m]

omega_m

usd*

[usdref]

usq*

[usqref]

[isd_ist]
8
isdq_ist

em

Hadong
ngbo
b
Hoa

[isq_ist]
irq*

[isq]

Irq*

[udc_ist]

-7.5
[ird]

[Synch]

Sy nch

udc_ist

irq_soll

[ird_ist]
7
irdq_ist

em

[theta_n]

omegas

theta_n

[irq_ist]
[und_ist]
[irq]

Ein
IF

und_ist

Ram_usd_ist1
[theta_s]

theta_s

[usd_ist]

usd_ist

[vsd]

Delta

[usd_ist]
9
usdq_ist

em

[IF]

IF

[usq_ist]
[vsq]
[omega_n]

10
theta_s

[theta_s]

11
omega_s

[omega_s]

12
omega_m

[omega_m]

omega_n

theta_r

omega_m omega_r

[omega_r]

SlipAngle
Khu
tnh gc

[wr]

f(u)

[theta_r]

rem

[thr]

[omega_m]
0
[is_dq]

[IF]
[FSignal]

[fault]
1

13
fault

[fault]

[mG]
Te*

[fault]

[Teref]

10
[theta_r]

Qref

[Qref]

s+10

theta_r

Hnh 4.2: Nguyn l iu khin pha rotor

Trong m hnh PLECS, cc in tr R4 , R5 , R6 c dng to li li i

xng, cc in tr R7 , R8 , R9 c dng to li khng i xng. ng thi,
trong m hnh cng c mt khi chnh lu khng c iu khin v mt khi chnh lu
c iu khin to ti phi tuyn.

73

CDemux

V
V1

AC Source
6

V2

R3

i_source
9

7
FaultA

8
FaultB
idc_rec
12

i_load
8
R1

R2

R6

R5

R4

R9

R7

R8

10 load_thy

L: 0.01

R: 68

load_rec
12

11
pul_rec

2
R

1
pul_gsc
u

s
U_DC

9
pul_crb
CP

pulses1

pulses2

4
pul_rsc

Ld

Rd

vdc_rec 11

Back to back
Converter
2 i_gsc

synch
5

V
V

Crow Bar

v_dc 1

10 i_rsc
A

7
i_stator

5
i_rotor

V
A

S13
A
S14

A
Tm

v_grid 3

S15

ASM

4
para

Tm 3

V
V

6
v_stator

Hnh 4.3: M hnh PLECS

M hnh mch lc c m t trn hnh 4.4.

Hnh 4.4: M hnh mch lc tch cc

A
A

74

Gii php iu khin pha my pht c thc hin bi khi ngt qu in p.

B iu khin th ng c trnh by trn hnh 4.5.
a

4
i rd*
1

-K-

-K1

1/c

1
urdPBC

.2

-K-

i rq*

omega_r

Si sd*_s

i rd

usd*

omega

T i nh D(w)1

Si sq*_s

omega

2
i rq*
1

-K-

-K1

1/c

1
urqPBC

.2

-K-

i rd*

omega_r

Si sq*_s

i rq

usq*

omega

T i nh D(w)2

Si sd*_s

omega

Hnh 4.5: B iu khin dng passivity-based pha rotor

Nguyn l h thng iu khin pha li c trnh by trn hnh 4.6.

75

IF
6

IF

DC controller

[ind_soll]
GSC

IF

udc_soll

[MS]

IF

680
in

out

v dc

Id_ref

ind_ref

1
5
v_dc

ugq

unq
ind

em

inq
v _dc

Tabc

1
Tabc

inq_ref

QS

und

em

i_gscdq
[ind_ref]

ugd

omega_n

omega_n

DS

v dc_ref

v_gdq

[MS]

[inq_ref]
[ind]
DC Einladung
udc_ist

[inq]

theta

theta_n

DC Check
[inq_soll]

K5

udc_ist

[RE]
ND

IF

DN

IF

[v_grid]

abc

dqp

theta

dqn

f(u)

dq
v grid

idq

iq_ref

QN

d_ref

[theta_n]

325

ne_ref

v grid_ref

vgrid_ref

q_ref

PID_p
[v_grid]

in

Modulation

em

Tinh vgrid

NQ

ab
phi

PID_n

em

dq

[theta_n]

ps

PS

ia*

-pAC
b

abc

0
[ind_ref]

[RE]
[i_load]

abc

-q

[inq_ref]
ib*

SRF->RRF

-q

FM
NM

[fault]

-pAC

Tinh p.q

Tinh cong suat bu

Tinh dong bu

[MS]

[theta_n]
1

Hnh 4.6: Cu trc iu khin pha li

B iu khin dng p ng hu hn pha li c trnh by trn hnh 4.7
4
Discrete Filter
1-k1netz-1
2

1
z

-0.0048

d
dlim

omega_n

inq_ref
qlim

ugd
1

0.0048

7
i_max
50

k4net
Gain3

ind
9

1+1z-1+z-2
3+-z-2-z-3-z-4

dlim

ind_ref

und

Discrete Filter5

inq

lim

unq
1-k1netz-1

Input correct
phase limitation

1
Discrete Filter2

1+1z-1+z-2
3+-z-2-z-3-z-4
Discrete Filter1

k4net

qlim

lim

z
Gain4
8

0.577

v_dc
1
IF

Hnh 4.7: B iu khin dng p ng hu hn pha li

2
ugq

76

4.2 Kt qu m phng vi lc tch cc

Mc tiu ca phn ny l nhm kho st vai tr lc sng hi ca chc nng lc
tch cc khi c ti phi tuyn.

4.2.1 Ti phi tuyn trong ch lm vic bnh th ng

Vic thc hin m phng ny kho st dng sng ca dng in ti v dng
in li khi c ti phi tuyn l mt b chnh lu c iu khin vi dng chnh lu t
l 10A. Kt qu m phng ny sau s c so snh vi cc p ng thu c khi s
dng lc tch cc.
Trong trng hp ny, b bin i pha li c ci t ch lm vic bnh
thng. Thnh phn d ca dng li gi vai tr n nh in p mt chiu trung gian
thng qua mt b iu khin PI vng ngoi. Trong khi thnh phn q ca dng
li c t bng 0. Mmen in t v cng sut phn khng c t cc gi tr c
nh, tng ng vi -3Nm v 300VAr.
Ti thi im 0,7s MPKBNK c ha ng b vi li. Sau , b chnh
lu cu ba pha c iu khin c a vo lm vic k t thi im 1s. Cc kt qu m
phng trn hnh 4.8 cho thy cht lng iu khin ca b iu khin pha rotor.
Mmen in t v cng sut phn khng bm rt tt theo cc gi tr t ca chng.
iu ny cng c th hin qua cc p ng ca cc thnh phn dng in ird v irq .
Tuy nhin, do nh hng ca ti phi tuyn lm cho dng ti v dng li b mo
dng nhiu.

77

Dien ap luoi

Dien ap mot chieu trung gian

400
600
Voltage

Voltage

200
0

400
200

-200
-400

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

0.5

2.5

3.5

0.5

Thanh phan d cua dong rotor

Ampere

Ampere

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-10

3.5

0.5

2.5

4000

0
-1

2000
0

-2

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

-2000

-3
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

-4000

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

Dong dien tai

10

5
Ampere

Ampere

Dong dien bo bien doi phia rotor

10

0
-5
-10

3.5

Cong suat phan khang

VAR

Nm

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

6000

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

Momen dien tu
2

3.5

-5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat
0.5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

2.5

Thanh phan q cua dong rotor

-5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

0
-5

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-10
2.5

3.5

2.52

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

2.54
2.56
Thoi gian (s)

2.58

2.6

2.58

2.6

Dong dien luoi

10
5
Ampere

Ampere

0.5

0
-5

-0.5
2.5

2.52

2.56
2.54
Thoi gian (s)

2.58

2.6

-10
2.5

2.52

2.54
2.56
Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 4.8: Cc kt qu m phng vi ti phi tuyn trong ch lm vic bnh th ng

78

c th nh gi mt cch chnh xc hn nh hng ca ca sng hi ti

cht lng in p ta s dng cng c phn tch mo dng sng hi trong Matlab
(THD).
Kt qu phn tch THD i vi dng in li khi lm vic vi ti phi tuyn
trong ch bnh thng c th hin trn hnh 4.9.

Hnh 4.9: THD ca dng in li trong ch lm vic bnh th ng vi ti phi tuyn

4.2.2 Ti phi tuyn v lc tch cc

M phng ny c thc hin kho st vai tr ca b lc tch cc th hin
qua dng ca dng in ti v dng in li khi c ti phi tuyn l mt b chnh lu
c iu khin vi dng chnh lu t l 10A. Kt qu m phng ny c so snh vi
cc p ng thu c khi khng s dng lc tch cc phn m phng trn.
B bin i pha li by gi c ci t ch lc tch cc. Tn hiu t

79

cho cc thnh phn d v q ca dng li c ly t u ra ca khu lc tch cc.

Mmen in t v cng sut phn khng c t cc gi tr c nh, tng ng vi
-3Nm v 300VAr.
Dien ap luoi

Dien ap mot chieu trung gian

400
800
600

Voltage

Voltage

200
0

400

-200
-400

200
0

0.5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

Thanh phan d cua dong rotor

Ampere

Ampere

3.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-10

3.5

0.5

Momen dien tu
2

3.5

-5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat
0.5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

2.5

Thanh phan q cua dong rotor

-5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

Cong suat phan khang

6000

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

4000

Nm

VAR

0
2000
0

-2

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

-2000
-4
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

-4000

0.5

10

3.5

0
-5

-5
-10

2.5

Dong dien tai

10

Ampere

Ampere

Dong dien bo bien doi phia rotor

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-10
2.5

3.5

2.52

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

2.54
2.56
Thoi gian (s)

2.58

2.6

2.58

2.6

Dong dien luoi

15
10
Ampere

Ampere

0
-5
-10

-5
2.5

2.52

2.54
2.56
Thoi gian (s)

2.58

2.6

-15
2.5

2.52

2.54
2.56
Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 4.10: Kt qu m phng vi ti phi tuyn v c lc tch cc

80

Cc kt qu m phng trn hnh 4.10 cho thy vic s dng mt b lc tch

cc khi c ti phi tuyn lm cho i n p li c dng gn sin hn nu so vi khi
khng dng lc nh th hin trn hnh 4.9. c th nh gi mt cch chnh xc hn
v vic ci thin cht lng in p ta c ng s dng phn tch THD.
Kt qu phn tch THD i vi dng i n li khi c lc tch cc c th
hin trn hnh 4.11

Hnh 4.11: THD ca dng in li trong ch lm vic bnh th ng vi ti phi

tuyn c lc tch cc
So snh kt qu m phng THD trn hnh 4.9 vi hnh 4.11 ta thy h s mo
dng sng hi ca dng in li gim t 29,11% khi lm vic bnh thng vi ti phi
tuyn v 14,66% khi lm vic vi ti phi tuyn v c lc tch cc. Qua khng nh
khi s dng lc tch cc lm gim ng k mo dng sng hi gy ra bi ti phi
tuyn.

81

4.3 Cc kt qu m phng khi sp li

Mc tiu ca phn m phng ny l kho st cc p ng tr li ca ton
b h thng khi c li li i xng v khng i xng. Phn iu khin pha rotor s
dng BNQDA gim dng qua b bin i pha rotor, cn phn iu khin pha li
c th nghim vi sch lc tr li n s dng b iu khin THX.
Cc m phng sp li trong phn tip theo c tin hnh trong c hai trng
hp sau y:
Khi MPKBNK ang lm vic trong ch bnh thng v khng p dng
bin php iu khin tr li. Da trn cc kt qu m phng ny ta c th nh gi
c mc nh hng ca vic li li i vi cc thnh phn khc nhau trong h
thng iu khin khi khng c bt k mt bin php no c p dng bo v b
bin i.
p dng sch lc tr li trong qu trnh xy ra li li. Da trn cc kt qu
m phng ny ta c th nh gi c hiu qu ca sch lc iu khin tr li bng
cch so snh vi cc kt qu m phng trong trng hp khng c cc bin php x l
li li.
Cc p ng m phng c thc hin khi xy ra li li i xng ti thi im
1.5s v ko di trong khong 200ms (10 chu k li) vi chiu su li khong 70% .

Sau , in p pha A ca li li b gim t ngt ti khong 25% ti thi im

2.25s (li li khng i xng) v ko di trong 500ms (25 chu k li).

4.3.1 Cc kt qu m phng khi sp li khng c bo v

Trong m phng ny b bin i pha li c ci t ch lm vic bnh
thng. Thnh phn d ca dng li c vai tr n nh in p mt chiu trung gian
thng qua mt b iu khin PI vng ngoi. Trong khi thnh phn q ca dng
li c t bng 0. Cc gi tr ca mmen in t v cng sut phn khng t c
nh ti -3Nm v 300VAr.

82

Dien ap luoi

Dien ap mot chieu trung gian

400
600
Voltage

Voltage

200
0

400
200

-200
-400

0.5

2.5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

3.5

0.5

Thanh phan d cua dong rotor

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

Thanh phan q cua dong rotor

0
Gia tri thuc
Gia tri dat

4
2

Ampere

Ampere

-2

0
Gia tri thuc
Gia tri dat

-2
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-4
-6
-8
0

3.5

0.5

2.5

3.5

Cong suat phan khang

Momen dien tu
6000

1
Gia tri thuc
Gia tri dat

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

4000

-1

2000

VAR

Nm

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

-2

-3
-2000
-4

1.5

2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

40

20

0
-5
-10

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

Dong dien tai

10

Ampere

Ampere

Dong dien bo bien doi phia rotor

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

0
-20

0.5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-40

3.5

0.5

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

Dong dien luoi

40

5
Ampere

Ampere

20
0

0
-20

-5
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

-40

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 4.12: Cc kt qu m phng khi sp li khng c bo v

83

Cc kt qu m phng ch ra rng, khi MPKBNK ang lm vic bnh thng

m xy ra li li th cc thnh phn dng in rotor v dng in li tng rt nhanh,
gp khong 3 n 4 ln dng in lm vic bnh thng ca MPKBNK ti thi im
trc khi xy ra li li. Dng in tng ln nh vy c th ph hng cc b bin i
nu khng c cc bin php tr li v bo v cc b bin i khi xy ra s c li li.

4.3.2 Cc kt qu m phng khi sp li c bo v bng BNQA

Vic thc hin m phng ny l kho st cc p ng ca h thng khi ch c
bo v b bin i bng BNQA trong qu trnh xy ra li li m cha p dng cc
sch lc tr li pha li. Khi li li b bin i pha rotor c kha li, cc dy
qun rotor c ni tt qua BNQA. Tuy nhin y khng phi ni dung chnh ca
lun n, vic m phng ny nhm mc ch so snh gia gii php c ny v cu trc
iu khin tr li mi trong lun n. Qua khng nh tnh u vit ca gii php
xut.
B bin i pha li c ci t ch lm vic bnh thng. Thnh phn
d ca dng li c vai tr n nh in p mt chiu trung gian thng qua mt b

iu khin PI vng ngoi. Trong khi thnh phn q ca dng li c t bng

0. Cc gi tr ca mmen in t v cng sut phn khng t c nh ti -3Nm v
300VAr.
Kt qu m phng trong trng hp ny c trnh by trn hnh (4.13)

84

Dien ap luoi

Dien ap mot chieu trung gian

200

600
Voltage

800

Voltage

400

400

-200
-400

200

0.5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

Thanh phan d cua dong rotor

Ampere

Ampere

3.5

-5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-10

3.5

0.5

4000
VAR

0
-1

2000
0

-2

-2000

-3

-4000

0.5

2.5

6000

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)
Cong suat phan khang

Momen dien tu
2

Nm

3.5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

-5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat
0

3.5

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

Dong dien tai

Dong dien bo bien doi phia rotor

10

40

20
Ampere

Ampere

Thanh phan q cua dong rotor

0
-20

-5
-10

2.5

10

-10

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

-40

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)
Dong dien luoi

10

50

Ampere

Ampere

5
0

-5
-10

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

-50

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

Hnh 4.13: Kt qu m phng khi sp li c bo v bng b ngt qu in p

85

Cc kt qu m phng trn hnh 4.13 cho thy rt r kh nng bo v b bin

i pha rotor khi li xy ra s c. Dng in qua b bin i c gim v 0 trong
qu trnh li li v c phc hi li gi tr lm vic bnh thng khi li li kt thc
sau mt qu trnh qu . Dng in chy qua b bin i pha rotor trong qu trnh hi
phc cng khng vt qu gi tr dng in lm vic lc cha c s c. Tuy nhin, khi
li li khng i xng xy ra t thi im 2,25s n 2,75s th dng in li cng b
mt i xng nghim trng nh d ng in ti.

4.3.3 Kt qu m phng khi c b iu khin tng hp i xng

Cc m phng tip theo c thc hin kho st cc p ng ca ton b h
thng trong cc iu kin lm vic khc nhau. Theo , b lc tch cc s c dng
trong ch lm vic bnh th ng cn b iu khin THX c chuyn sang s
dng khi c tn hiu li li ging nh mc tiu ca lun n ra.
Trong m phng tip theo, b iu khin THX s dng gi tr t ca dng
in li c tnh ton t c thnh phn th t thun v ngc ca in p li.
Trong , thnh phn th t ngc c cng thm vo trong thnh phn th t thun
ca dng t ln lt theo tng trc ta d v q (xem li cng thc (3.69).

86

Dien ap luoi

Dien ap mot chieu trung gian

1000

400

800
Voltage

Voltage

200
0

600
400

-200
-400

200
0

0.5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

Ampere

Ampere

0
Gia tri thuc
Gia tri dat
0

0.5

3.5

3.5

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

-10

2.5

Thanh phan q cua dong rotor

Thanh phan d cua dong rotor

10

-5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

-5
1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

Momen dien tu

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

Cong suat phan khang

VAR

1
Nm

10000

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

0
-1

5000
0

-2

Gia tri thuc

Gia tri dat

-5000

-3
0

0.5

2
1.5
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

2.5

3.5

Dong dien tai

10

40

20
Ampere

Ampere

Dong dien bo bien doi phia rotor

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

0
-5

0
-20

-10
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

-40

3.5

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

Dong dien luoi

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

60
50

20

Ampere

Ampere

40

0
-20
-40
-60

-50
0

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

2.5

3.5

0.5

1.5
2
Thoi gian (s)

Hinh 4.14: Cc kt qu m phng khi sp li vi b iu khin THX s dng

c thnh phn th t thun v ngc

87

Cc kt qu m phng trn hnh 4.14 cho thy l khi thnh phn th t ngc
c cng trc tip vo thnh phn th t ngc th khi li li khng i xng dng
li c cn bng hn v c dng sin hn nu so snh vi cc kt qu m phng
khi khng p dng sch lc iu khin tr li vi b iu khin THX.

4.4 So snh cc kh nng cn bng dng l i khi li li khng i xng

Hnh 4.15 cho thy cc p ng dng ca b bin i pha li v dng i n
li khi xy ra li li khng i xng. Hnh 4.15a v 4.15b cho thy cc p ng
dng ca b bin i pha li v dng in li khi khng c cc sch lc tr li
c biu din trn hnh 4.12. Cc p ng ny c v trong khong thi gian 100ms
(t 2.5s n 2.6s). B bin i pha li ch yu lm nhim v n nh in p mt
chiu trung gian.
Hnh 4.15c v 4.15d cho thy cc p ng dng ca b bin i pha li v
dng in li khi p dng sch lc tr li s dng b iu khin THX (xem hnh
4.14). Cc p ng ny cng c v trong khong thi gian 100ms (t 2.5s n 2.6s).
Dong dien luoi

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

40

2
20
Ampere

Ampere

1
0
-1

0
-20

-2
2.5

2.51

2.52

2.53

2.54 2.55 2.56

Thoi gian (s)

2.57

2.58

2.59

-40
2.5

2.6

2.51

2.52

2.53

2.54 2.55 2.56

Thoi gian (s)

(a)

2.57

2.58

2.59

2.6

(b)

Dong dien bo bien doi phia luoi

Dong dien luoi

40

50

Ampere

Ampere

20
0

-20
-40
2.5

2.52

2.54
2.56
Thoi gian (s)

2.58

2.6

-50
2.5

2.52

2.56
2.54
Thoi gian (s)

(c)
Hnh 4.15: Cc kt qu m phng khi sp li.

(d)

2.58

2.6

88

Cc kt qu m phng khi li li khng i xng v bin ca in p pha

gim 25% so vi bin ca cc pha cn li do bin ca dng in pha ln gp 7.5
ln so vi bin dng in nh nht ca cc pha cn li (bin dng in pha A l
30A, bin nh nht ca cc pha cn li l 4A). Khi p dng sch lc tr li khng
i xng vi b iu khin THX th bin ca dng in pha A l 40.9A, trong khi
bin dng in nh nht ca cc pha cn li l 26.87A. V vy, su mt i xng
dng trong trng hp ny ch l

40.9
= 1.52 ln. iu ny c ngha l dng i n
26.87

li trong cc pha c cn bng thm mt cch ng k.

Kt lun chng 4
Chng 4 gii quyt c cc vn sau:
Xy dng cc s m phng trong mi trng Matlab- Simulink - Plecs
a ra cc kt qu m phng v ha ng b, bo v b bin i pha my pht,
kh nng h tr li v lm suy gim sng hi khi s dng lc tch cc.
a ra cc kt qu m phng v iu khin b bin i pha li khi sp li i
xng v khng i xng.
So snh, nh gi hiu qu ca sch lc iu khin tr li xut trong ti
so vi cc kt qu m phng trong trng hp khng c cc bin php x l li li.

89

KT LUN V KIN NGH

Kt lun
Thng qua vic nghin cu cc sch lc iu khin tr li c p dng cho
h thng iu khin pha rotor v pha li c th rt ra c nhng kt lun c bn
sau:
xy dng cc sch lc tr li hiu qu khi li li khng i xng th cn
phi phn tch cc in p li ra thnh cc thnh phn th t thun v ngc. B pht
hin cc thnh phn i xng theo phng php s dng b lc a bin cho kt qu
tt v c p dng trong cc sch lc iu khin tr li khng i xng.
Sch lc iu khin tr li s dng b iu khin tng hp i xng lm
cho dng l i cn bng hn khi xy ra li li khng i xng.
Sch lc nng cao kh nng khc phc li li c xut trong ti ny
cho php gi cho my pht khng b ngt ra khi li nn vic vn hnh ng b vn
c duy tr trong sut qu trnh li li. ng thi b iu khin tng hp i xng
pha my pht s c a vo lm vic h tr in p li v lm cn bng dng
in trong cc pha. Trong iu kin vn hnh bnh th ng th b bin i pha li
c iu khin lm vic nh mt b lc tch cc gi cho dng in li c dng
hnh sin nu c s hin din ca cc ti phi tuyn.
Cu trc iu khin tng th cho ton b h thng my pht in sc gi s dng
my pht in ngun kp vi b lc tch cc phn iu khin my pht trong ch
lm vic bnh thng v b iu khin tng hp i xng khi li li rt ph hp cho
cc li yu hoc cc h thng my pht sc gi cc vng su, vng xa khu vc in
li quc gia. Ni cch khc, cu trc iu khin c ngh trong ti ny c kh
nng thch nghi tt vi cc ti phi tuyn v khng i xng.

Cc ng gp mi ca lun n
Trn c s cc ni dung nh nu, c th khng nh cc ng gp mi ca
lun n nh sau:
S dng b iu khin vector dng trn c s nguyn l ta theo th ng trong
cu trc iu khin tr li khi xy ra sp li (i xng) mt phn.

90

Xy dng cu trc iu khin THX iu khin hai thnh phn thun v

ngc (iu khin vector dng thun v ngc trn c s nguyn l ta theo th ng),
gip cho MPKBNK tr li khi xy ra li li khng i xng.
Tch hp chc nng lc tch cc vo cu trc iu khin b bin i pha li
gp phn ci thin cht lng in nng khi li n nh v qua nng cao hiu qu
s dng thit b. Mc d khng t thnh mc tiu ca lun n, kt qu m phng trong
trng hp ny cn cho thy kh nng h tr li ca chc nng lc tch cc khi xy ra
li li khng i xng.

Kin ngh
xut mt s vn nhm nng cao hn na cht lng iu khin tr li
ca h thng. C th:
Cn c bi ton c th gii quyt su hn vn ha ng b p ng c cc
ch lm vic khc nhau ca h thng pht in chy sc gi tng ng vi cc tc
gi thay i.
Nghin cu phng php tnh chn gi tr ti u cho t in v cun khng trong
m hnh b bin i pha li vi mc ch cn bng hn na dng in trong cc pha
khi xy ra li li.

91

DANH MC CC CNG TRNH C LIN QUAN N

LUN N
1. Nghin cu kh nng tr li khng i xng ca h thng pht in chy bng sc
gi, Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh i hc Thi nguyn, S 3 nm 2010, Trang
126133.

2. Nng cao kh nng khc phc li li khng i xng ca h thng pht in

chy bng sc gi, CD tuyn tp Hi ngh ton quc ln th 5 v C in t nm
2010, Trang 315320.

3. S dng LFT trong thit k v phn tch n nh bn vng ca h thng iu khin

my pht in sc gi, Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh i hc Thi nguyn, S
10 nm 2011 ,Trang 21-25.

4. Sch lc tr li theo phng php tng hp cc thnh phn i xng trong h

thng my pht sc gi, CD tuyn tp Hi ngh ton quc ln th nht v iu
khin v t ng ha VCCA 2011, Trang 440 - 447.

92

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting vit:
[1] Nguyn Hong Hi (2009), Nghin cu c tnh phng ca my pht khng ng
b ngun kp (rotor dy qu n) v xut cu trc iu khin trn c s nguyn l
h phng. n tt nghip K49, i hc bch khoa H Ni.

[2] ng Danh Hong (2008), Nghin cu ci thin cht lng h thng iu khin
my pht i n khng ng b ngun kp bng phng php iu khin phi tuyn,
Bo co t ng kt ti nghin cu khoa hc cp B, Trung tm hc liu - i hc
Thi Nguyn, M s B2008 TN02_06.

[3] Nguyn Phng Quang (1996), iu khin t ng truyn ng in xoay chiu 3

pha, Nxb Khoa h c k thut H Ni.

[4] Nguyn Phng Quang, Dittrich A. (2002), Truyn ng in thng minh, Nxb
Khoa hc k thut H Ni.

[5] Cao Xun Tuy n (2008),Tng hp cc thut ton phi tuyn trn c s phng php
backstepping iu khin my in d b ngun kp trong hthng my pht in
sc gi, Lun n tin s k thut, i hc bch khoa H Ni.

Ting Anh:
[6] Abad G., Bobrowska-Rafal M., Rafal K., and Jasinski M. (2009), Control of
PWM rectifier under grid voltage dips, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science,
57(4).

93

[7] Abellan A., Benavent J. M., Garcera G., and Cerver D. (2002), Fixed frequency
current controller applied to shunt active filters with upf control in four-wire power
systems, IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society,
1, pp. 780 785.

[8] Akagi H., Watanabe E. H., and Aredes M. (2007), Instantaneous Power Theory and
Applications to Power Conditioning, Wiley-IEEE Press.

[9] Alepuz S., Busquets S., Bordonau J., Pontt J., Silva C., and Rodriguez J. (2007),
Fast on-line symmetrical components separation method for synchronization and
control purposes in three phase distributed power generation systems, European
Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[10] Alepuz S., Busquets S., Bordonau J., Pontt J., Silva C., and Rodriguez J. (2007),
Balanced grid currents in three-level voltage-source inverters connected to the
utility under distorted condition using symmetrical components and linear
quadratic regulator,

European Conference on Power Electronics and

Applications..

[11] Alepuz S., Busquets-Monge S., Bordonau J., Martinez-Velasco J. A., Silva C. A.,
Pontt J., and Rodriguez J. (2009), Control strategies based on symmetrical
components for grid-connected converters under voltage dips, IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Electronics, 56(6),pp. 2162 2173.

[12] American Wind Energy Association (2008), AWEA Rankings Report Year Ending
2007, Washington DC.

[13] Andreas Petersson (2005), Analysis, Modeling and Control of Doubly-Fed

Induction Generators for Wind Turbines, PhD thesis, Chalmers University of
Technology.

94

[14] Application Report (1997), Clarke and Park Transforms on the TMS320C2xx,
Texas Instruments.

[15] Arbi J., Belkhodja I. S., and Gomez S. A. (2007), Control of a dfig-based wind
system in presence of large grid faults analysis of voltage ride through capability,
9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.

[16] Balas L. Y., Fingersh M. J., Johnson L.J ., Pao K. E. (2006), Control of
variable-speed wind turbines standard and adaptive techniques for maximizing
energy capture, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 26, pp. 70 - 81.

[17] Barbara H. Kenny, and Robert D. Lorenz (2002), Stator- and rotor-flux-based
dead-beat direct torque control of induction machines, IEEE Transactions on
Industry Applications, 39, pp. 1093 - 1101.

[18] Batlle C., Cerezo A. D., and Ortega R. (2007), A stator voltage oriented pi
controller for the doubly-fed induction machine, American Control Conference,
pp. 5438 - 5443.

[19] Bianchi F.F., De Battista H., and Mantz R.J. (2006), Wind Turbine Control
Systems Principles, Modelling and Gain Scheduling Design. Springer.

[20] Blaabjerg F., and Chen Z. (2006), Power Electronics for Modern Wind
Turbines, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

[21] Bongiorno M., Svensson J., and Sannino A. (2004), Dynamic performance of
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