2011 AR 103

History of

Architecture
CLASS 16

Nipun George
SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.

MODULE 2

a. Neolithic Age / Bronze Age

b. Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

ASIA

EUROPE

AMERICA

AFRICA

HOLICITY VARANASI
(1200 BC)

MINOAN CULTURE
(2700 BC 1450BC)

POVERTY POINT
(1650 BC 700BC)

IRON AGE EGYPT

(1500BC 0AD)

EASTERN ZHOU
DYNASTY
(1046BC 256BC)

HATTUSAS
(2000 BC 1200BC)

MACHALILLA
CULTURE
(1500BC 1100BC)

THE GREAT SUN

TEMPLE AT AMARNA
(1353BC 1336 BC)

NEO ASSYRIAN
EMPIRE
(911BC 609 BC)
TEMPLE OF
SOLOMON
(587BC)
BUDDHA PERIOD
MAURYAN EMPIRE
ASHOKA PILLAR
(approx.300BC)

GREEK CULTURE
(900BC )

OLMEC CULTURE
(1500 BC 400BC)
PRECLASSIC MAYA
CULTURE
(1000BC 250 AD)

POVERTY POINT 1650700 BC

 A prehistoric earthworks of the Poverty Point

culture.
Comprises several earthworks and mounds
built between 1650 and 700 BCE by Native
Americans of the Poverty Point culture.
The culture extended (160 km) across the
Mississippi Delta.
The original purposes not determined
maybe a settlement, a trading center, and/or a
ceremonial religious complex.
The 910acre (3.68 km2) site "the largest and
most complex Late Archaic earthwork
occupation and ceremonial site yet found in
North America"

 The people that lived near Poverty Point

chose their locations carefully, linking the site
to the waterways of Mississippi River easy
trade and communication.
Trade was extensive included chippedstone
projectile points and tools, shell and stone
beads.

Motley Mound

Mound B

Mound A

Dunbar Mound

Sarah's Mound
Ballcourt Mound

Lower Jackson Mound

 Six concentric semielliptical rings enclose a

vast open plaza covering an area of about 34
acres.
Aislelike openings run between the
rings, dividing them into six sections, which
are thought to have stood over 2 meters
high.
In and around the complex are six to
eight constructed earthen mounds.
Besides providing protection from flooding, the
rings may have functioned, as
living areas, since domestic objects have
been found during the sites excavation.

 The main plaza faces east.

Someone looking along the aisles from the center
outward would have looked toward the sun at the
winter in one direction, and toward the sun at the
summer in the other.
The ceremonial center may have functioned as a
cosmic instrument, but exactly how is still not
known.
Corn was not cultivated
staple food at Poverty Point was fish and
meat of smaller animals as well as plants.