Brianna Cabrera

Earth Environmental Science Honors

10/19/16
3rd Period

What is the relationship between craters, calderas,

vents, and magma?
They all help to create volcanoes.

How does a crater lake form? (words and pictures)

A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or

caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower
association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater
caused by a meteorite, or in an artificial explosion caused by
humans.

What two factors does a volcanos appearance

depend upon?

The appearance of a volcano depends on the type of

material that forms the volcano and the type of eruptions
that occur.

What characteristics vary among volcanoes?

Size, shape, and composition varies among volcanoes.

Brianna Cabrera
Earth Environmental Science Honors

10/19/16
3rd Period

Complete the following table in your notes:

Type of
Volcano

Materials &
Description

Shield

Mountain
with broad,
gently
sloping sides
and nearly
circular base.
Form when
lava layer
upon layer of
basaltic lava
accumulates
during non
explosive
eruptions.
Product of
hot spot
volcanism.

Sketch

Example

Mauna Loa

Brianna Cabrera
Earth Environmental Science Honors

10/19/16
3rd Period

CinderCone

A steep,
conical hill
consisting of
glassy volca
nic fragment
s that
accumulate
around and
downwind
from
a volcanic v
ent.

Wizard
Island

Composite

A stratovolcano,
also known as
a composite
volcano, is a
conical volcano bui
lt up by many
layers (strata) of
hardened lava,
tephra, pumice\
, and volcanic ash.

Mayon
Volcano

(Stratovolca
no)

How do the volcanoes compare in terms of size and

slope?
Shield Volcanoes- largest kind, gentlest slopes, straight slopes
Cinder-cone Volcanoes- smallest kind, form near larger volcanoes,
steepest slope, concave slope
Composite Volcanoes- concave slope

What factors cause differences in size and slope?

Brianna Cabrera
Earth Environmental Science Honors

10/19/16
3rd Period

Different kinds of materials that make up each volcano,

vegetation that grows on the slopes, local climate, and eruptive
history.

What is tephra?

Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption.

What is a pyroclastic flow?

A dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and

gases ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing
downslope at great speed.

Where are most volcanoes found?

Ring of Fire (Pacific Ocean) or convergent bounderies.

How do hotspots form?

A volcanic "hotspot" is an area in the mantle from which heat

rises as a thermal plume from deep in the Earth. High heat and
lower pressure at the base of the lithosphere (tectonic plate)
facilitates melting of the rock. This melt, called magma, rises
through cracks and erupts to form volcanoes.

What do hotspots tell us about tectonic plates?

Where plate boundaries are located

Use the maps provided to show: (1) the Circum Pacific

Belt and the Mediterranean Belt where convergent

Brianna Cabrera
Earth Environmental Science Honors

10/19/16
3rd Period

volcanism occur and (2) the Hawaiian Emperor Volcanic

Chain.

Brianna Cabrera
Earth Environmental Science Honors

10/19/16
3rd Period