How does Photomultiplier Tube works?

-Photomultiplier tube is a detector which produces an electrical signal when it is

struck by photons.
-Through this type of detector, photoelectrons can be amplified using a chain of
metal called dynodes. Dynodes is a type of metal that has a surface which can
initiate the photoelectric effect which means that more and more electrons can be
produced when electrons hit the surface of the dynodes.

Principle photomultiplier tube

-The process starts when photons from the light source at a certain wavelength
strikes the surface of the photocathode which resulting in the ionization of photons.
This will produce an emission of electrons.
-The electron then sees the electric field through the photomultiplier tube due the
existence of many thousands of holes across them.
-The electrons then strike to the surface of the dynodes which will initiate the
photoelectric effect.
- The multiple electrons produced from the dynodes then flows through the field in
the photomultiplier tube.
-This process is enable to produce from a single electron into a series of interaction
with the dynodes which resulting into millions of electrons.
- Once all the electrons has passes through all of the series of dynodes, it is then
adsorbed by the last terminal anode. At the anode, all of the electrons will send out
to the read-out device which creates an electric effect which is the signal for the
data produced.