Compaction Test

Compaction is the process of densification of soil mass, by reducing air voids under
dynamic loading. On the other hand, though consolidation is also a process of
densification of soil mass but it is due to the expulsion of water, under the action of
continuously acting static load over a long period.
The degree of compaction of a soil is measured in terms of its dry density. The degree of
compaction mainly depends upon its moisture content during compaction, compaction
energy and the type of soil. For a given compaction energy, every soil attains the
maximum dry density at a particular water content which is known as optimum moisture
content (OMC).
Compaction of soil increases its dry density, strength and bearing capacity. The
compaction of soil decreases its void ratio, permeability and settlements. The results of
this test are useful in studying the stability earthen structures like earthen dams,
embankments, road and airfields. In such constructions, the soils are compacted.

Saibaba, E. (2002). Measurement of engineering properties of soils. New Age

International Limited, Publishers: India.