Chapter 10

Trucks and Hauling

Equipment

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

TRUCK PRODUCTION
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Ten 22 ton/18 cy rear dump
trucks (Fig. 10.8 Performance
Chart) with low pressure tires
are available to haul a rock
dirt/gravel mixture. The wheel
loader being used has a 4.25
cy bucket.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE
The haul and return, over
poorly maintained earth, is 3
miles. It is a down hill grade
of 1.25% going to the dump
area. EVW is 36,860 lb.
Working hour efficiency is 55
minutes.

STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS

Truck capacity = 18 cy
Dirt/gravel mixture
Fill Factor wheel loader (Table 9.6)
100-120%, use average 110%
Loader bucket capacity = 4.25 X 1.1
= 4.675 cy

STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS

NUMBER OF BUCKET LOADS
REQUIRED TO FILL THE TRUCK.

18
Bucket loads =
3.85
4.675
Bucket loads must be an integer No.
Therefore use either

3 or 4 bucket loads.

STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS

If 3 bucket loads:
Truck volume = 3 X 4.675
= 14 lcy
If 4 bucket loads:
Truck volume = 18 lcy
and the excess spills off.

STEP 1 BUCKET LOADS

Check load weight against
gravimetric capacity of truck.
Dirt/gravel mixture

Table 4.3

2,600 lb/lcy

CHECK LOAD WEIGHT

3 bucket2,600
load:
14 lcy

2,000

= 18.2 tn 22 tn ok

2,600
418
bucket
load:
lcy
= 23.4 tn 22 tn
2,000
This is a slight overload situation.

STEP 2 LOAD TIME

LOAD TIME =
Bucket cycle time X
No. of bucket loads
4.25 cy bucket
Table 9.10, 30-33 sec

Bucket cycle time 0.50 - 0.55 min

use average 0.525 min

STEP 2 LOAD TIME

3 bucket load:
3 X 0.525 = 1.58 min
4 bucket load:
4 X 0.525 = 2.10 min

STEP 3 HAUL TIME

3 miles 5,280 ft/mile
Haul time =
88 Haul speed (mph)

Poorly maintained earth

Rolling resistance
1.25%
(Table
GRADE
6.1)
70 - 100 lb/tn, use 85 lb/tn or

DUMP

4.25%

STEP 3 HAUL TIME

Grade resistance load
to dump: -1.25%
Total Resistance =
4.25 + (-1.25%)

= 3.0% or 60 lb/tn

STEP 3 HAUL TIME

Net truck weight 36,860 lb or 18.43 tns

3 bucket load 18.20 tns

Gross wt. =

18.43 + 18.20 =

36.63 tn

STEP 3 HAUL TIME

Net truck weight 36,860 lb or 18.43 tns

4 bucket load 23.40 tns

Gross wt. =

18.43 + 23.40 =

41.83 tn

STEP 3 HAUL TIME

3 bucket load Gross wt. 36.63 tn
Rimpull = 60 lb/tn X 36.63 tn

= 2,200 lb
4 bucket load Gross wt. 41.83 tn
Rimpull = 60 lb/tn X 41.83 tn

= 2,510 lb

Fig. 10.8, Page 307

2510
2200

STEP 3 HAUL TIME

3 bucket load 35 mph
4 bucket load 22 mph
3 miles 5,280 ft/mile
Haul time =
88 Haul speed (mph)

3 bucket, 5.143 min

4 bucket, 8.183 min

STEP 4 RETURN TIME

Return distance (ft)
Return time =
88 Haul speed (mph)

EVW weight 36,860 lb

or 18.43 tons

STEP 4 RETURN TIME

Poorly Maintained Earth Haul Road
Rolling resistance, 4.25%
Grade resistance load to dump 1.25%
Total Resistance = 4.25 + 1.25%

= 5.5% or 110 lb/tn

Rimpull = 110 lb/tn X 18.43 tn

= 2,030 lb

Fig. 10.8, Page 307

2030

STEP 4 RETURN TIME

Return speed 35 mph
3 miles 5,280 ft/mile
Retutn time =
88 35 mph

= 5.143 min

STEP 5 DUMP TIME

Rear Dump Trucks must be
spotted before dumping,
Total dump time averages
about 2 minutes.

Use 2.0 minutes

STEP 6 TRUCK CYCLE TIME

3 bucket loads

Load time
+ Haul time
+ Dump time
+ Return time

1.580 min
5.143 min
2.000 min
5.143 min

CYCLE TIME = 13.866 min

STEP 6 TRUCK CYCLE TIME

4 bucket loads

Load time
+ Haul time
+ Dump time
+ Return time

2.100 min
8.183 min
2.000 min
5.143 min

CYCLE TIME = 17.426 min

STEP 7 TRUCKS REQUIRED

3 bucket loads

13.866
Trucks required =
1.58

Trucks required = 8.8

Must be an integer number
therefore 9 trucks

STEP 7 TRUCKS REQUIRED

4 bucket loads

17.426
Trucks required =
2.10

Trucks required = 8.3

Must be an integer number
therefore 9 trucks

STEP 8 PRODUCTION
3 bucket loads
The loader will control production
if we use a number of trucks (9)
greater than the balance.

PRODUCTION (LOADER) =
60 min/hr
14.025 lcy = 533 lcy/hr
1.58 min

STEP 8 PRODUCTION
4 bucket loads
The loader will control production
if we use a number of trucks (9)
greater than the balance.

PRODUCTION (LOADER) =

60 min/hr
18 lcy = 514 lcy/hr
2.10 min

STEP 9 EFFICIENCY

Working hour
efficiency is 55 min.
55 min
= 0.92
60 min

STEP 9 EFFICIENCY
Efficiency is 55 min.

3 bucket loads 10 trucks

533 0.92 = 490 lcy/hr
4 bucket loads 10 trucks
514 0.92 = 473 lcy/hr

STEP 8 PRODUCTION
3 bucket loads
If only 8 trucks are available the
trucks control production.

PRODUCTION (TRUCK) =
60 min/hr
14.025 lcy 8 = 485 lcy/hr
13.866 min

STEP 8 PRODUCTION
4 bucket loads
If only 8 trucks are available the
trucks control production.

PRODUCTION (TRUCK) =
60 min/hr
18 lcy 8 = 496 lcy/hr
17.426 min

STEP 9 EFFICIENCY
Efficiency is 55 min.

3 bucket loads 8 trucks

485 0.92 = 446 lcy/hr
4 bucket loads 8 trucks
496 0.92 = 456 lcy/hr

PRODUCTION

9 Trks

3
Buckets
490 lcy

4
Buckets
473 lcy

8 Trks

446 lcy

456 lcy

7 Trks

389 lcy

398 lcy

PRODUCTION
While matching the fleet
to the required production
is important, doing it at a
minimum $/unit of
material moved is usually
the goal.

PRODUCTION COST
As you add trucks

Cost/ ton $

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
40

80

120

160

200

Tons/ hour

240

260

Cost/ ton $

PRODUCTION COST
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

Different size trucks

0.2
0.1
0
40

80

120

160

200

Tons/ hour

240

260

HAPPY HAULING