1 a Ec(k)

EV(k)

h 2 k 2 h 2 (k k1 ) 2
h 2 k 21 3h 2 k 2
Ec=

, EV (k )

3m0
m0
6 m0
m0
m 0 k1

, a 0.314nm

1;
2

3;
4
1

2 2 k 2 2 ( k k 1 )

0
3m0
m0

3
k1
4
d 2E
2 2 2 2 8 2
2 c

0
3m0 m0
3m0
dk
k

3
kEc
4

dEV
6 2 k

0k 0
dk
m0
d 2 EV
6 2

0, k 0EV
m0
dk 2
2 k12
3
E g E C ( k1 ) EV (0)
0.64eV
4
12m0

( 2) m

*
nC

2
2
d EC
dk 2

3
k k1
4

3
m0
8

*
(3)mnV

2
d 2 EV
dk 2

m0
6

k 01

(4)p k
p (k )

3
k k1
4

3
(k ) k 0 k1 0 7.95 10 25 N / s
4

2. 0.25nm 102V/m107 V/m

k
t

f qE h

t1

t 2

(0
1.6 10

19

(0
1.6 10

19

)
10

)
10

k
qE

8.27 10 8 s

8.27 10 13 s

1
Si100110111

Si 100

110111 1

a(100)

b(110)

c(111)

1
1 4
2
2
100 2 4 2
6.78 1014 atom / cm 2
a
a
(5.43 10 8 ) 2
1
1
2 4 2
4
2 4 9.59 1014 atom / cm 2
110
2a a
2a 2
1
1
4 2 2
4
2
111 4

7.83 1014 atom / cm 2

3
3a 2
a 2a
2

2
Ek )

2 7
1
( cos ka cos 2ka)
2
8
ma 8

a
1
2
3 k
4 mn*
5 m *p

dE (k )
n
0 k
dk
a

n=012
k (2n 1)

Ek

Ek ) MAX
k 2n

2 2
ma 2

Ek

k (2n 1)

(2) Ek ) MAX E (k ) MIN

(3 k v

2 2

ma 2

1 dE
1

(sin ka sin 2ka)

dk ma
4

mn*

2
m

2
1
d E
(cos
ka

cos 2ka)
2
dk 2

2 n
a

(5) k

m n 2m
*

(2n 1)

m p mn
*

m p
*

2m
3

2
1.

2
3

2. As Ge n

As 5 Ge
As
As Ge .

,
As

N N
3. Ga Ge p

Ga 3 Ge
Ge Ga
Ga Ge
Ga
Ga

4. Si GaAs IV III-V

Si GaAs Ga Si GaAs As

Ga
As
5.

1 ND>>NA
NA
ND-NA
n= ND-NA NAeff ND-NA
2NA>>ND
NA-ND
NA-ND p= NA-ND.

 NAeff NA-ND
3NAND

6.

7. Eg=0.18eVr=17
m *n =0.015m0, m0

E D
r0

mn* q 4
mn* E 0
13.6

0.0015 2 7.1 10 4 eV
2 2
2
m0 r
2(4 0 r )
17

h 2 0
0.053nm
q 2 m0

h 2 0 r m0 r
r

r0 60nm
q 2 m n*
m n*

8. Eg=2.26eVr=11.1
m*p=0.86m0,m0

E A

m P* q 4
m P* E 0
13.6

0.086
0.0096eV
2 2
2
m0 r
2(4 0 r )
11.12

h 2 0
r0 2
0.053nm
q m0
r

h 2 0 r m0 r

r0 6.68nm
q 2 m P*
m P*

100 2
1. E=Ec E E C

2m *n L2

3
1
V 2mn*2
2
g (E)
(
E

E
)
C
2 2 3
dZ g ( E )dE

Z 0
Ec

1
Z0
V

100 2

Ec

2 mnl 2

100 h 2
8 mnl 2

g ( E )dE

EC

EC
3
2

V 2m 2
( E EC )
3
2 2 3
*
n

dZ
V

3
1
V 2mn*2
( E EC ) 2 dE
2 2 3

100h 2
Ec
8mn L2
Ec

1000
3L3

2. 3-6
2.siGe EIC~ K
E
C k E C

h
(
2

k x2 k y2

k2
z)
ml

mt

E ~ E dEk

d z g (k ' ) Vk ' g (k ' ) 4k ' dk

2

m 12
m 1
m 1
3
) k x , k y' ( ) 2 k y , k z' ( a ) 2 k z
1
2

3
mt
mt
ml
1
2(mt mt ml )
dz
'
2

g
(
E
)

(
E

E
)
V
c
2
2
2
2
2
dE
h
h

'
'
'
'

E c (k ) E c
(k x k y k z " )
2ma
si100
k ',
111
k x' (

m m m
t
l
k 'g (k ' ) t
3

ma

1
k'
2ma ( E EC )
h

1
2
2m 3
V g ( E ) sg ' ( E ) 4 ( 2 n ) 2 ( E E c ) 2 V

1
2
mn s 3 mt2 ml 3

3. E-EF 1.5k0T4k0T, 10k0T

E EF

f (E)

1
E EF
1 e
k 0T

f (E) e

E EF
k 0T

1.5k0T

0.182

0.223

4k0T

0.018

0.0183

10k0T

4.54 10 5

4.54 10 5

4. -78oC27 oC500 oC

5. 3-2 m*nm*p NC , NV

2koTmn 3 2
)
N C 2(
h2

2koTm p 3 2
5 N v 2(
)
h2

Eg

1
2 koT
2
n i ( N c N v ) e

Ge : mn 0.56m0 ; m p o.37m0 ; E g 0.67ev

si : mn 1.08m0 ; m p o.59m0 ; E g 1.12ev

Ga As : mn 0.068m0 ; m p o.47m0 ; E g 1.428ev

6. -78 oC27 oC300 oC

Si
Si : mn 1.08m0 , m p 0.59m0

E EV 3kT m p
E F Ei C

ln
2
4
mn
T1 195KkT1 0.016eV ,

3kT 0.59m0
ln
0.0072eV
4
1.08m0

3kT 0.59
ln
0.012eV
4
1.08
3kT 0.59
T2 573KkT3 0.0497eV ,
ln
0.022eV
4
1.08

T2 300 KkT2 0.026eV ,

7. Nc=1.051019cm-3NV=3.91018cm-3
m*n

m*p 77K NC NV 300K Eg=0.67eV77k

Eg=0.76eV77K
1017cm-3 Ec-ED=0.01eV ED

. 1N c 2(
N v 2(

k 0 Tm p
2

k 0 Tm n 3 2
)
2 2

m n

2 2 N c 3

0.56m0 5.1 10 31 kg

k 0T 2

m p

2 2 N v2

k 0T 2

0.29m0 2.6 10 31 kg

2
77 KN CN V
'
'
N
C 77 K 3 T

N
T
C 300 K

N C' N C
N V' N V
1

(3)ni ( N c N v ) e
2

77 3
77 3
1.05 1019
1.37 1018 / cm 3
300
300

77 3
77 3
3.9 1018
5.08 1017 / cm 3
300
300

Eg
2 koT

ni (1.05 1019 3.9 1018 ) 2 e

0.67
2 k 0 300

77 Kni (1.37 10 5.08 10 ) e

18

ND

n0 n D

1 2 exp

ED EF
k 0T

17

0.76
2 k 0 77

ND

1 2e

1.7 1013 / cm 3

E D E c EC E F
k 0T

1.98 10 7 / cm 3
ND

1 2e

E D no
k T N
0
C

E D no
0.01
1017
17
N D n0 (1 2e

) 10 (1 2e

) 1.17 1017 / cm 3
18
koT N C
0.067 1.37 10
8. 7 Nc NV Eg=0.67eV 300K 500K
ND=51015cm-3 NA=2109cm-3

8.300 Kni ( N c N V ) e
1

500 Kni ( N C' N V' ) 2 e

Eg
2 k 0T

2.0 1013 / cm 3

eg
2 k 0T '

6.9 1015 / cm 3

n 0 p 0 N D N A 0
n02 n0 ( N D N A ) ni2 0

2
n 0 p 0 n i
N NA ND NA 2

n0 D
(
) ni2
2
2

N ND NA ND 2

p0 A
(
) ni2
2
2

n0 5 1015 / cm 3

9. 1016cm3,1018 cm-31019cm-3

0.05eV
9.E F
19
3
ND
N C 2.8 10 / cm
E F E c k 0T ln
, T 300 K,
NC
ni 1.5 1010 / cm 3

E F Ei k 0T ln

ND
,
Ni

1016
N D 10 / cm ; E F E c 0.026 ln
E c 0.21eV
2.8 1019
1018
N D 1018 / cm 3 ; E F E c 0.026 ln
E c 0.087eV
2.8 1019
1019
19
3
N D 10 / ncm ; E F E c1 0.026 ln
1 19 E c 0.0.27eV
N D 1016 : D
2.8 100.16 0.42%
E D EC 0.21
N D 0.051eV
1
( 2) E C E
1 e 0.026 90%,10%
D
1 e 0.026
2
2
nD
1

10%
1 ED EF
ND
1 ne
1
N D 1018 :2 D k 0T
30%
0.037
N
1
D
n
11 e 0.026
D
2 90%
1 ED EF
ND
1 n e
1
N D 1019 : 2D k 0T 0.023 80%10%
ND
1
1 e 0.026
2
'
2
16

D (

2 N D E D
)e
(
NC
koT

10%

0.1N C 0.026
2 N D 0.05
e
, ND
e
2.5 1017 / cm 3
N C 0.026
2

0.05

N D 1016 2.5 1017 cm 3

N D 1016 ,1018 2.5 1017 cm 3

2''E D E F E D E F kT
N D 1016 / cm 3 ; E D E F 0.05 0.21 0.160.026
N D 1018 / cm 3 ; E D E F 0.037 ~ 0.26 E F E D
N D 1019 / cm 3 ; E D E F 0.0230.026E F E D

10. 90% n 300K

10.
AsE D 0.0127eV , N C 1.05 1019 / cm 3
300 KAs
D

2N D
E
exp( D )
NC
k 0T

10%

2N D
0.0127
exp
NC
0.026

0.1N C 0.026 0.1 1.05 1019 0.026

N D
e

e
3.22 1017 / cm 3
2
2
As N D
0.0127

0.0127

Geni 2.4 1013 / cm 3

As5ni ~ N D2.4 1014 ~ 3.22 1017 / cm 3

11. ED=0.01eV ND=1014cm-3j

1017cm-399%90%50%
12. ED=0.04eV 1015cm-31018cm-3
99%90%50%
13. n ND=1015cm-3,77K300K500K

800K 3-7
13
. 2
300 Kn i 1010 / cm 3 N D 1015 / cm 3
n0 N D 1015 / cm 3
(3)500 Kni 4 1014 / cm 3 ~ N D
n0

N D N D 4ni2

1.14 1015 / cm 3
2
(4)8000Kni 1017 / cm 3
n0 n i 1017 / cm 3

14. ND=91015cm-3 1.11016cm3

33K
T 300KSini 1.5 1010 cm 3 ,

p 0 N A N D 2 1015 cm 3
n0

ni2
1.125 10 5 cm 3
p0

p0
2 1015
E F EV k 0T ln
0.026 ln
0.224eV
Nv
1.1 1019
E F Ei k 0T ln

p0
2 1015
0.026 ln
0.336eV
ni
1.5 1010

15. 1022 300K600K

3-7

(1)T 300 Kni 1.5 1010 / cm 3 , a

p 0 1016 / cm 3
n0

ni2
2.25 10 4 / cm 3
p0

E E Ei k 0T ln

p0
1016
0.026 ln 10 0.359eV
ni
10

E E EV k 0T ln

p0
0.184eV
Nv

(2)T 600 Kni 1 1016 / cm 3

p 0 n0 N A
n0 p 0 ni2
p 0 1.62 1016 / cm 3
n0 6.17 1015 / cm 3
E F Ei k 0T ln

p0
1.62 1016
0.052 ln
0.025eV
ni
1 1016

23

22

16. 1.510 510

300K600K
3-7
N D 1.5 1017 cm 3 , N A 5 1016 cm 3
300 K : ni 2 1013 cm 3
300 K
n0 N D N A 1 1017 cm 3
ni2 4 10 26
p0

10 9 cm 3
17
n0 1 10
E F Ei k 0T ln

n0
1 1017
0.026 ln
0.22eV
ni
2 1013

600 K : ni 2 1017 cm 3

n0 N A p 0 N D
n0 p 0 ni2
N D N A ( N D N A ) 2 4ni2

n0

p0

2.6 1017

2
i

n
1.6 1017
n0

E F Ei k 0T ln

n0
2.6 1017
0.072 ln
0.01eV
ni
2 1017

17. 1013cm3 n 400K

17.si : N D 1013 / cm 3 ,400 Kni 1 1013 / cm 3 (

n p N D 0
ND
1
,n

2
2
2
np ni
n2
p 0 i 6.17 1012 / cm 3
no
E F E i k 0T ln

N D2 4ni2 1.62 1013

n
1.62 1013
0.035 ln
0.017eV
ni
1 1013

18. n .eV

18.n D

ND
1 E EF
1 e D
2
k 0T
ED EF

n D 1 N D e koT 2.
2
E F E D k 0 T ln 2
E F E D k 0 T ln 2 E C E D k 0 T ln 2 E C 0.044 0.026 ln 2
E c 0.062eV
si : E g 1.12eV , E F E i 0.534eV
n Nce

EC E F
k 0T

2.8 10 e
19

0.062
0.026

2.54 1018 cm3

n 50% N D N D 5.15 10 19 / cm 3

19. n EF=EC+ED/2
0.039eV
EC E D
2
E E D 2 EC EC E D EC E D 0.039
EC E F EC C

0.0195 k 0T
2
2
2
2

19.
EF

E EC
2
F1 F
F1 (0.71)
NC
2 k 0T
2
2
2.8 1019
0.3 9.48 1018 / cm 3
3.14

n0 n D

n0 N c

EC E D
E ED
ED C
0.0195
2
2
E EC
2N C
ND
F F

1 k 0T 1 2 exp( E F E D )
2
k 0T

EF ED

E EC
EF ED
F1 F

1 2 exp(
k 0T
2 k 0T
2N C
0.0195
0.0195

1 2 exp
9.48 1018 / cm 3

0.026
1 0.026

ND

2NC

20. n n

1 n 0.039eV300K EF
0.026eV
2 n 4.61015cm-3, 300K EF

3
5.21015cm-3, 300K EF
4 500K

 3-7
20
. 1EC E F 0.026 k 0T
n0

2N c

n0 n D

F1 (1)

2 2.8 1019
3.14

0.3 9.48 1018 / cm 3

ND
E ED
1 2 exp( F
)
k 0T
EF ED
) n0 (1 2e 0.026 ) 4.07 1019 / cm 3
k 0T
0.013

N D n0 (1 2 exp(

(2)300 K
E F E c k 0T ln

ND
EC 0.223eV
NC

n0 N D 4.6 1015 / cm 3
p0

ni2 (1.5 1010 ) 2

4.89 10 4 / cm 3
15
n0
4.6 10

3p 0 N A N D 5.2 1015 4.6 1015 6 1014 / cm 3

n0

ni2 (1.5 1010 ) 2

3.75 10 5 / cm 3
14
p0
6 10

E F Ei k 0T ln

p0
14
0.026 ln 16.5101010 0.276eV
ni

(4)500 Kni 4 1014 cm 3 ,

n0 N A p 0 N D
n0 p 0 ni2
p 0 8.83 1014
n0 1.9 1014
E E E i k 0T ln

p0
0.0245eV
ni

21.

21.

E EC
ND
F1 F

2 k 0T 1 2 exp( E F E D )
k 0T

2NC

EC E F 2k 0T
N Dsi

0.008

F 1 (2) 1 2e 0.026
2

2NC

2 2.8 1019
3.14

0.1 (1 2e

0.008
0.026

3
) 7.81 1018 / cm
Si)

22.

n0 n D

ND
E ED
1 2 exp( F
)
k 0T

Si : n0 n D

7.81 1018
0.008

0.026

3.1 1018 cm 3

1 2e
1.7 1018
Ge : n0 n D
1.18 1018 cm 3
0.0394
1 2e

0.026

1. 300K Ge 47cm
3900cm2/(

V.S) 1900cm2/(

V.S)

Ge

n p ni , 1 /

ni

1
1

nqun pqu p ni q(un u p )

1
1

2.29 1013 cm3

19
q(u n u p ) 47 1.602 10 (3900 1900)

2. Si
1350cm2/( V.S) 500cm2/( V.S) As
Si
300K u n 1350 cm 2 /(V S ), u p 500 cm 2 /(V S ) 3-2 3-7
Si ni 1.0 1010 cm 3

nqun pqu p ni q(u n u p ) 11010 1.602 10 -19 (1350 +500 ) 3.0 10 6 S / cm

1
1
8 6 4 8 B
8
2

Si 0.543102nm

8
5 10 22 cm3
7 3
(0.543102 10 )

As, N D 5 10 22

1
5 1016 cm3
1000000

N D ni 4-14a
800 cm2/( V.S)

' N D qu n' 5 1016 1.602 10 -19 800 6.4S / cm

'
6.4

2.1 106
3 10 6

3. 10.m p Si

4-15(b)10.m p Si NA
1.5 1015 cm 3 , 3-2 3-7 Si

ni 1.0 1010 cm 3 , N A ni
p N A 1.5 1015 cm 3

ni
(1.0 1010 ) 2
n

6.7 10 4 cm3
15
p
1.5 10
2

4. 0.1kg Ge 3.210-9kg Sb
n=0.38m2/( V.S),Ge 5.32g/cm3,Sb 121.8
Ge V
Sb N D

0.11000
18.8cm3 ;
5.32

3.2 10 9 1000
6.025 10 23 / 18.8 8.42 1014 cm3
121.8

3-7 Ge ni 2 1013 cm 3
n p0 N D 2 1013 8.4 1014 8.6 1014 cm 3

 1/

1
1

1.9 cm
14
nqun 8.6 10 1.602 10 19 0.38 10 4

5. 500g Si 4.510-5g B
p=500cm2/( V.S), 2.33g/cm3,B 10.8
Si V

500
214.6cm3 ;
2.33

4.5 10 5
B N A
6.025 10 23 / 214.6 1.17 1016 cm3
10.8
3-2 3-7 Si ni 1.0 1010 cm 3
N A ni p N A 1.12 1016 cm 3

1/

1
1

1.1 cm
16
pqu p 1.17 10 1.602 10 19 500

6. 0.1m2/( VS),Si mc=0.26m0,

104V/m
n

q n

mc

n n mc / q 0.1 0.26 9.108 10 31 /(1.602 10 19 ) 1.48 10 -13 s

v n E 0.110 4 1.0 10 3 ms 1

l v n 1.0 10 3 1.48 10 13 1.48 10 10 m

7 2cm Ge 1mm 2mm 1022m-3

51022m-3

N A 1.0 10 22 m 3 1.0 1016 cm 3 4-14b

Ge u p 1500 cm2/( V.S), 3-7 Ge
ni 2 1013 cm 3 N A ni

 pqu p 1.0 1016 1.602 10 19 1500 2.4 cm

l
l
2

41.7
s s 2.4 0.1 0.2

51022m-3
n N D N A 4.0 10 22 m 3 4.0 1016 cm 3

N i N D N A 6.0 1016 cm 3 4-14b

Ge u n 3000 cm2/( V.S),

' nqun nqun 4.0 1016 1.602 10 19 3000 19.2 cm

l
l
2
'
5.2
s s 19.2 0.1 0.2

8. 0.001cm2 Si 1mm, 10V

0.1A

V 10

100
I 0.1
Rs 100 0.001

1 cm
l
0.1

4-15b 1 cm n Si
5 1015 cm 3

9. 4-13 1016cm-3 1018cm-3 Si-50OC

+150OC
cm2/( V.S)

1016cm-3

1018cm-3

-50OC

+150OC

-50OC

+150OC

2500

750

400

350

800

600

200

100

10. Si 473K
3-7 473K Si ni 5.0 1014 cm 3
4-13 u n 600 cm 2 /(V s ) u p 400 cm 2 /(V s )

i 1/ i

1
ni q(u n u p )

1
12.5 cm
5 10 1.602 10 19 ( 400 600)
14

11. 10-3cm2, 1013cm-3 p Si

103V/cm

400K

4-15b 1013cm-3 p Si

2000 cm 1 / 5 10 4 S / cm
J E 5 10 4 10 3 0.5 A / cm 2
I Js 0.5 10 3 5 10 4 A
400K 4-13 1013cm-3 p Si
u p 500 cm 2 /(V s ) pqu p 1013 1.602 10 19 500 8 10 4 S / cm

J E 8 10 4 10 3 0.8 A / cm 2
I Js 0.8 10 3 8 10 4 A
12. 4-14 101510161017cm-3 p n
Si 4-15

cm-3

1015

(cm2/( V.S)) 4-14 1300 500

(.cm)

4.8

1016

1017

P N

1200 420

12.5 0.52 1.5

690

240

0.09

0.26

(.cm) 4-15

4.5

14

0.54 1.6

0.085 0.21

1015-1017cm-3 n N D
p NA

1
1

pqu p
nqu n

13. 1.11016 cm-3 91015 cm-3 S i

Si ni 1.0 1010 / cm 3
N A N D 1.11016 9 1015 2 1015 / cm 3

ni

p N A N D 2 1015 / cm 3
ni
110 20
n

5 10 4 / cm3
15
p0 2 10
2

N i N A N D 2 1016 / cm 3 4-14 a
u p 400 cm 2 / V s, u n 1200 cm 2 / V s

1
1
1

7.8.cm
-19
pqu p nqun u p qp 1.602 10 2 1015 400

14. 0.6cm2 1cm n GaAs un=8000

cm2/( VS),n=1015cm-3

1
1

0.78.cm
-19
nqun 1.602 10 11015 8000

l
0.78 1 / 0.6 1.3
s

15. 1014 1017cm-3 Ge

GaAs
4-14b

14

10

-3

17

cm

10 cm

-3

Ge

4800

3000

GaAs

8000

5200

Ge
1014cm-3 nqun 1.602 10 -19 11014 4800 0.077 S / cm
1017cm-3 nqun 1.602 10 -19 11017 3000 48.1S / cm
GaAs
1014cm-3 nqun 1.602 10 -19 11014 8000 0.128 S / cm
1017cm-3 nqun 1.602 10 -19 11017 5200 83.3S / cm
16. Si
31015cm-3;
1.31016cm-3+ 1.01016cm-3
16

-3

16

1.310 cm + 1.010 cm
31015cm-3+ 11017cm-3+ 11017cm-3

Si ni 1.0 1010 / cm 3 1015-1017cm-3

31015cm-3

n
110 20
n i
3.3 10 4 / cm3
p 3 1015
2

p N A 3 10 / cm
15

4-14a p 480 cm 2 / V s

1
1

4.3.cm
-19
u p qN A 1.602 10 3 1015 480

1.31016cm-3+ 1.01016cm-3
p N A N D (1.3 1.0) 1016 / cm 3 3 1015 / cm 3

n
110 20
n i
3.3 10 4 / cm3
15
p 3 10
2

N i N A N D 2.3 1016 / cm 3 4-14a p 350 cm 2 / V s

1
1

5.9.cm
-19
u p qp 1.602 10 3 1015 350

1.31016cm-3+ 1.01016cm
n N D N A (1.3 1.0) 1016 / cm 3 3 1015 / cm 3

n
110 20
p i
3.3 10 4 / cm3
15
n 3 10
2

N i N A N D 2.3 1016 / cm 3 4-14a n 1000 cm 2 / V s

1
1

2.1.cm
-19
u n qp 1.602 10 3 1015 1000

31015cm-3+ 11017cm-3+ 11017cm-3

n
110 20
3 10 / cm , p i
3.3 10 4 / cm3
15
n 3 10
2

n N D1 N A N D 2

15

N i N A N D1 N D 2 2.03 1017 / cm 3 4-14a n 500 cm 2 / V s

1
1

4.2.cm
-19
u n qp 1.602 10 3 1015 500

17. unup n=ni u p u n , p ni u n u p

min
2

n
pqu p nqun i qu p nqun
n
n
d
q( i2 u p u n ),
dn
n
2

2n
d 2
q 3i u p
2
dn
n
2

n
d
0 ( i2 u p un ) 0 n ni u p / u n , p ni uu / u p
dn
n
2

d 2
dn 2

q
n ni u p / un

2ni

ni (u p / u n ) u p / u n

n ni u p / un

up q

2u n u n
ni u p u p

 min q( ni uu / u p u p ni u p / u n u n ) 2qni uu u p
300K Ge

Si

4-1
Si: min 2qni uu u p 2 1.602 10 19 11010 1450 500 2.73 10 7 S / cm

i qni (u p u n ) 1.602 10 19 11010 (1450 500 ) 3.12 10 6 S / cm

Ge: min 2qni uu u p 2 1.602 10 19 11010 3800 1800 8.38 10 6 S / cm

i qni (u p u n ) 1.602 10 19 11010 (3800 1800 ) 8.97 10 6 S / cm

18. InSB 7.5m2/( VS), 0.075m2/( VS),
1.61016cm-3,

i qni (u p u n ) 1.602 10 19 1.6 1016 (75000 750 ) 194 .2S / cm

i 1 / i 0.052 .cm
17

min 2qni uu u p 2 1.602 10 19 1.6 1016 75000 750 38.45 S / cm

max 1 / min 1 / 12.16 0.026 .cm
n ni u p / un , p ni uu / u p
n ni 750 / 75000 p ni 75000 / 750 P

19. S

i 3k0T/2

S i 10V/cm
15000cm2/( VS).
104V/cm

20. Ge

1
1 1
2

mc 3 m1 mt

13

-3,

1. n 10 cm

100us

p 1013 / cm 3 , 100s
U

U

p
U

1001010 6 1017 / cm 3 s
13

2. n ,

1
2

d p
p

gL
dt

p (t ) Ae

g L

dp
(2) 0
dt
p

g L 0.

p g

3. n 1us 10cm
- 1022cm-3s-1,

gL 0

p n g 10 22 10 6 1016 cm 3
: 0

1
10cm
n0 q n p 0 q p

: ' np n pq p n0 q n p 0 q p nq n pq p
0.10 1016 1.6 10 19 1350 1016 1.6 10 19 500
0.1 2.96 3.06s / cm

'

'

0.32cm.

p p 0 ., p.

p9u p

1016 1.6 10 19 500 0.8

26%
3.06
3.06

4. =10us
20us

p (t ) p (0)e

p (20)
e 10 13.5%
p (0)
20

20s13.5%

5. n ND=1016cm-3, n=p=1014cm-3

T 300 K , ni 1.5 1010 cm 3 .n p 1014 / cm 3

n0 1016 cm 3 , p 0 2.25 10 4 / cm 3
n n0 n, p p 0 p

: 0 n0 q n p 0 qu p n0 q n

nq n pq p

1016 1.6 10 19 1350 2.16s / cm

n0 q n p 0 q p nq( n p )
2.16 1014 1.6 10 19 (1350 500)
2.16 0.0296 2.19s / cm
(1016 cm 13

6. p

Ec

Ec

Ei

Ei

EFn

EF
Ev

EFp

Ev

7. ND=1015cm-3 n
n=p=1014cm-3

n n0 n 1015 1014
1.1 1015 / cm 3

Fn

1.1 1015
E
E k Tln
0.291eV
Fn
i
0
1.5 1010

n
p p 0 p i 1014
ND
3
(1.5 1010 ) 2

1014 1014 / cm
15
10
E Fn Ei

n n i e k T

p n e Ei E FP
i

k 0T

n
E k Tln
i
0
n
i

FP

P
E k Tln
i
0
P
i

1014
E E k Tln
0.229eV
FP i
0
1.5 1010
N
E E k Tln D
F
i
o
n
i
1014
k Tln
0.289eV
0
1.5 1010
E n E 0.0025eV
F
F
E E P 0.0517eV
F
F

8. p -


N t .nt ,
s n nt rn n1 nt rn ni e

Et Ei
nt
k oT

rn ni e

rn rp Et Ei Ei E F

rn pnt
rn nt ni e

Et Ei
r p pnt
koT

no , p1n1 p 0

p p 0
p p 0 p n i e

Et Ei
E EF
r p ni e i
;
k oT
k oT

Ei E F
k oT

1
1

,
rn N t rp N t

9.
=n+p
Si : E F Ei

E F Ei ET

ET Ei

n0 p 0 n1 p1

rn (n0 n1 p ) rp ( p 0 p1 p )
N t rp rn (n0 p 0 p )

n0 N c e
n1 N c e

Ec E F
k 0T

E E
C T
k 0T

; p0 N c e

; p1 N c e

E F EV
k oT

rp (n0 n0 p )
rn (n0 n0 p )

N t rp rn (n0 n0 p ) N t rp rn (n0 n0 p )

1
1

p n
N t rp N t rn

ET EV
k 0T

10. n 1016cm-3 p
1016cm-3
N t 1016 cm3
nSiAu rp

1
1

8.6 10 10 s
rp N t 1.15 10 17 1016

pSiAu rn

1
1

1.6 10 9 s
rn N t 6.3 10 8 1016

11.
1 n, p ni
2pn<<pn0 nn=nn0
3 n=p n>>ni0
U

N t rn rp (np n )
2
i

rn (n n1 ) rp ( p p1 )

(1)n 0, p 0
U

N t rn rp ni2
rn n1 rp p1

N t rn rp (np ni2 )
rn (n n1 ) rp ( p p1 )

(2)
pnp n p n 0 , n n n n 0 )
U

N t rn rp ni2
rn (n n1 ) rp p1

N t rn rp (np ni2 )
rn (n n1 ) rp ( p p1 )

(3)n p, n ni
U

2
2
N t rn r
p n ni )

rn (n n1 ) rp (n p1 )

12. ND=1016cm-3 10us n

-
Et=Ei
n0 N D 10 cm ,
16

p0

2
i

n
2.25 10 4 / cm 3
n0

n n0 1016 cm 3 ,
p 0,

N t rn rp (np ni2 )
rn (n n1 ) rp ( p p1 )
N t rn rp ni2

rn (n0 n1 ) rp p1

n1 N c e

n 0,

p1 N v e

p p 0

EC E T
k 0T

E E
T v
k 0T

Nce

Nve

E c Ei
k 0T

E E
i v
k oT

ni
ni

N t rn rp ni2
rn no rn ni rp ni

N t rn rp ni2
rn n0

N t rp p 0

p0

2.25 10 4
2.25 10 9 / cm 3 s
10 10 6

13. p =350us
un=3600cm-2/(Vs)

Dn

Dn

k oT
q
k 0T
n
q

Ln Dn n

k 0T
n
q

14. 3us 1015cm-3,up=400cm2/(Vs)

dp
dx
k 0T
p
q
p
q
x
p
k 0 T p
x
J P qDP

1015
0.026 400
3 10 4
5.55 A / cm 2

15. 1cm p Nt=1015cm-3,

n0=1010cm-3,
, ,

d 2 n n
E n
DP

0,
n
2 n
n
Dp
p E
pn

gp
n
x 2
2
t
x
x p
x
d 2 n
n
15
3

0
p SiN t 10 cm
2
Dn n
dx
n
:
1
1
8
x
x
n

1.6 10 s

Ln
Ln
rn N t 6.3 10 8 1015
n( x) Ae
Be , Ln Dn n
:
x 0, n(0) n0
x , n() 0
n( x) n0 e

x
Ln

n
dn( x)
qDn 0
x 0
dx
Ln
16. 3cm n p=5us,
no
Dn
k T
qDn
q
n0 q 0 n n0
n
2 n
Dn n
J n qDn

13

-3

p=10 cm

1012cm-3
(1)

10 p 0 e
12

d 2 p p
Dp

0
p
dx 2

p ( x) p 0 e
J p qD p

dp
dx

x
Lp

x 0

x
Lp

1012
L
e p
p 0

x 0, p (0) 1013 cm 3

x , p () 0

x L p ln

1012
L p ln 10
1013

, L p D p p
qD p

Dp
p 0
q
p
Lp
p

17. 1cm n -
1017cm-3s-1 10us 100cm/s
1
2
Dp

d 2 p p

gp 0
p
dx 2

p () g p p

p ( x)

x 0 s p ( p ( 0) p 0 )
D p
x

p ( x) ce
p ( x) p 0 ce

x
Lp

x
Lp

g p p

g p p

C g p p

s p p
L p s p p

s p p
LP
p ( x) p 0 p g p 1
e
L p s p p

(1).
s p [ p ( 0) p 0 ] D p

p
x

x 0

Dp

c
Lp

18. 21016cm-3 920oC

1010cm-2

-
1017cm-3s-1