I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM

Bo co dinh dng
ti 35 : tm hiu tc ng ca yu t dinh dng n chiu cao

con ngi v so snh,phn tch chiu cao ca ngi vit nam vi

cc nc trn th gii

GVHD: H Xun Hng

SVTH: Phm Hong Trung
MSSV:14091991

Mc lc

1. Yu t quyt nh tng trng v chiu cao3

1.1 Dinh dng5
2. T sinh v chiu cao6
3. Quy trnh tng trng7
4. Bt thng chiu cao7
5. Vai tr ca chiu cao ca mt c nhn8
5.1 Chiu cao v sc khe..9
5.2 Chiu cao v thnh cng ngh nghip9
6. Lch s chiu cao ca con ngi10
7. Chiu cao trung bnh trn th gii....11
8.Ph lc .41
9. Ti liu tham kho42
10. Lin kt ngoi45

Chiu cao ca con ngi

Chiu cao ca con ngi hoc tm vc l khong cch t di cng ca bn chn n nh u
trong mt c th con ngi , ng thng. N c o bng stadiometer , thng tnh bng cm
khi s dngh thng s liu , hoc feet v inch khi s dng h thng quc .
Khi qun th chia s cc yu t nn tng v mi trng di truyn, chiu cao trung bnh l thng
xuyn c trng trong nhm. c bit chiu cao dao ng (khong 20% lch t trung bnh)
trong dn c nh l i khi do gigantism hoc ci cc , l nhng iu kin y t do c
th gen hoc ni tit bt thng.
Ti cc khu vc ngho i hoc chin tranh, cc yu t mi trng nh suy dinh dng mn tnh
trong thi th u hay tui thanh thiu nin c th dn n tng trng chm v / hoc gim c
nh du tm c ln ngay c khi khng c s hin din ca bt k cc iu kin y t.

Ni dung
1.Yu t quyt nh tng trng v chiu cao
ng cong (percentile th 50) tng trng trung bnh ca nam v n 0-20 nm.
Cc nghin cu v chiu cao c bit n nh auxology . Tng trng t lu c cng
nhn nh l mt thc o v sc khe ca cc c nhn, do mt phn ca l do cho vic s
dng cc biu tng trng. i vi c nhn, nh cc ch s ca cc vn sc khe, xu
hng pht trin c theo di lch ng k v tng trng cng c theo di thiu ht ng
k t k vng ca gen. Di truyn l yu t chnh trong vic xc nh chiu cao ca cc c nhn,
mc d n l t c nh hng lin quan n s khc bit gia cc qun th. Chiu cao trung bnh
l c lin quan n o lng ca sc khe v chm sc sc khe ( mc sng v cht lng cuc
sng ) ca qun th phn l mt l do quan trng cho xu hng tng cao trong cc b phn
ca chu u l dn bnh ng ni thch hp chm sc y t v y dinh dng c phn b
tng i ng u nhng thay i trong ch n ung (dinh dng) v s gia tng chung v
cht lng chm sc sc khe v cht lng cuc sng l nhng yu t c trch dn trong cc
nc chu . Chiu cao trung bnh Hoa K c bn vn tr tr k t nm 1980, ngay c khi
cc nn tng di truyn v dn tc ca ngi dn thay i. Suy dinh dng bao gm suy dinh
dng mn tnh v suy dinh dng cp tnh c bit l gy ra s tng trng ci cc trong
cc qun th khc nhau. iu ny c nhn thy Bc Triu Tin, cc b phn ca chu Phi,
nht nh lch s Chu u, v cc qun th khc nc ang pht trin nh Guatemala c t l
thp ci tr em di 5 tui sng cao nh 82,2% trong Totonicapan , v ton quc l 49,8%.
o chiu cao theo ch thin nhin ly mu thng k cc li ngay c i vi mt c nhn
duy nht. Trong mt tnh hung lm sng, o chiu cao him khi c lm thng xuyn nhiu
hn mt ln mi ln vn phng, trong c th c ngha l ly mu din ra mt tun n vi
thng. Cc 50th percentile nam v ng cong tng trng n minh ha trn l gi tr tng hp
t hng ngn c nhn c ly mu cc tui t s sinh n tui 20. Trong thc t, ng
cong tng trng ca mt c nhn duy nht cho thy ln gai tr ln v xung. Mt phn do s
3

khc bit thc t trong tc tng trng, v mt phn do li o nh. V d, mt li o in hnh

ca cng hoc tr 0,5 cm c th hon ton v hiu ha 0,5 cm ca tng trng thc t dn n
hoc l 0.5 tng trng "m" cm (do nh gi qu cao trong chuyn thm trc kt hp vi
nh gi thp sau), ln n mt tng trng 1,5 cm (cc ln nh gi thp u tin v ln th
hai nh gi qu cao) trong khong thi gian tri qua cng gia cc php o. Lu c mt gin
on trong cc ng cong tng trng mc 2 tui, trong phn nh s khc bit v chiu
di nm nghing (vi a tr trn lng hoc c y), c s dng trong o tr s sinh v tr mi
bit i v ng chiu cao thng c o t 2 tui tr ln.
Sir Francis Galton 's (1889) d liu cho thy mi quan h gia chiu cao ca con ci (928 c
nhn) nh l mt chc nng ca chiu cao trung bnh cha m (205 b ca ph huynh). Cc mi
tng quan l 0,57.
Chiu cao, khc ging kiu hnh c im, c xc nh bi s kt hp ca di truyn v yu t
mi trng . Chiu cao ca tr da trn chiu cao ca cha m l ch hi quy i vi gi tr
trung bnh , do cha m cc k cao hay thp c th s c con tng ng cao hn hoc ngn
hn, nhng con ci ca h cng c th s c gn gi hn vi chiu cao trung bnh so vi cc
bc cha m mnh. Tim nng di truyn v mt s kch thch t, tr bnh tt, l mt yu t quyt
nh c bn v chiu cao. Cc yu t khc bao gm cc phn ng di truyn vi cc yu t bn
ngoi nh ch n ung, tp th dc, mi trng v hon cnh sng. Con ngi pht trin
nhanh nht (tr trong bng m) nh tr s sinh v tr mi bit i , nhanh chng gim xung t
mc ti a lc sinh n khong 2 tui, thon dn n mt t l chm suy gim, v sau trong
qu trnh dy th pht trin mnh m, mt s gia tng nhanh chng n ti a hai ( vo khong
11-12 tui i vi n v 13-14 tui i vi nam), tip theo l mt s suy gim n nh
khng. Tnh trung bnh, tc tng trng n thua tt khng khong 15 hay 16 nm, trong
khi cc ng cong nam lin tc trong khong 3 nm na, s khng khong 18-20. y cng
l giai on quan trng, ni cng thng nh suy dinh dng (hoc thm ch nghim trng b b
tr em ) c nh hng ln nht.
Hn na, sc khe ca mt ngi m trong sut cuc i ca mnh, c bit l trong giai on
quan trng v c mang thai , c mt vai tr. Mt a tr khe mnh v trng thnh pht trin
mt c th c kh nng tt hn cung cp cc iu kin trc khi sinh ti u. Sc khe ca m
mang thai l rt quan trng khi mang thai chnh l mt giai on quan trng cho mt phi / thai
nhi , mc d mt s vn nh hng n chiu cao trong giai on ny c gii quyt bi s
tng trng bt kp cc iu kin gi nh tr em l tt. Nh vy, c mt hiu ng th h tch ly
nh rng dinh dng v sc khe qua cc th h c nh hng n chiu cao ca con chu vi
mc khc nhau.
tui ca ngi m cng c mt s nh hng n chiu cao ca con c. Cc nghin cu trong
thi hin i quan st thy mt s gia tng dn dn chiu cao vi tui ca ngi m, mc d
nhng nghin cu ban u cho thy xu hng l do nhiu tnh hung kinh t-x hi m chn
nhn khu hc nht nh nh l nhiu kh nng c mt ln sinh u tin sm trong cuc sng
ca ngi m cc nghin cu tng t cho thy tr em sinh ra t mt ngi m tr c nhiu kh
nng c s pht trin gio dc v hnh vi di mc trung bnh, mt ln na cho thy mt
nguyn nhn c bn ca cc ngun lc v tnh trng gia nh ch khng phi l mt li gii thch
hon ton sinh hc.

Cc mi quan h chnh xc gia di truyn v mi trng phc tp v khng chc chn. S khc
bit v chiu cao ca con ngi l 60% -80% , di truyn , theo mt s nghin cu sinh i [16] v
c coipolygenic k t khi cuc tranh lun Mendel-biometrician mt trm nm trc
y. Mt nghin cu genome (GWA) ca hn 180.000 c nhn xc nh c hng trm bin
th di truyn trong t nht 180 loci kt hp vi chiu cao ngi trng thnh. S lng cc c
nhn c k t khi c m rng ti 253.288 c nhn v s lng di truyn bin th xc nh l
697 trong 423 locus gen. trong mt nghin cu ring ca t l c th s dng t l ngi chiu
cao, n bo co rng nhng 697 bin th c th c phn chia thnh 3 lp ring bit, (1) bin
th m ch yu l xc nh chiu di chn, ( 2) bin th m ch yu l xc nh u v / hoc
chiu di thn, hoc (3) bin th c nh hng n kch thc c th tng th, tc l khng c
hiu lc v t l c th, trong cung cp ci nhn su vo cc c ch sinh hc c bn nh th
no nhng 697 bin th di truyn nh hng n chiu cao tng th.
nh hng ca mi trng n chiu cao c minh ha bng cc nghin cu c thc hin
bi nh nhn chng hc Barry Bogin v ng nghip ca Guatemala tr em Maya sinh sng ti
Hoa K. Trong nhng nm 1970, khi ln u tin n Bogin Guatemala , ng quan st thy
rng ngi Maya n nhng ngi n ng trung bnh ch 157,5 cm (5 ft 2 in) chiu cao v
cc ph n trung bnh 142,2 cm (4 ft 8 in). Bogin mt mt lot cc php o sau khi ni chin
Guatemala n ra, trong c ti mt triu ngi Guatemala trn sang Hoa K. ng pht
hin ra rng Maya ngi t nn, ngi dao ng 6-12 tui, cao hn so vi cc i Guatemala
ng k. Nm 2000, Maya M l 10,24 cm (4,03 in) cao hn so vi Guatemala Maya cng tui,
phn ln do dinh dng tt hn v chm sc sc khe . Bogin cng lu rng M Maya tr em
c t l chiu cao thp hn ng k ngi, (tc l, chn tng i di, trung bnh 7,02 cm (2,76
in) di hn) so vi Guatemala Maya.
Cc Nilotic dn tc ca Sudan nh Shilluk v Dinka c m t nh mt s cng trnh cao
nht th gii. Dinka Ruweng nam gii iu tra bi Roberts trong 1953-1954 l trn trung bnh
181,3 cm (5 ft 11 1/2 in) cao ln, v con c Shilluk trung bnh 182,6 cm (6 ft 0 in). Nhng ngi
Nilotic c c trng l c di chn, c quan thu hp v thn ngn, mt s thch nghi vi thi
tit nng. Tuy nhin, nam Dinka v Shilluk ngi t nn c o vo nm 1995 Ty nam
Ethiopia l trn trung bnh ch 1,764 m v 1,726 m, tng ng.
Ty Tng, cc khampas c bit n vi chiu cao tuyt vi ca h. . Khampa nam gii trung
bnh 180 cm (5 ft 11 in). Nh nhn chng hc Michael Peissel m t Khampa vo nm 1964: ".
Cc Khampas ng mt tt su feet chiu cao"
Nhng ngi dn ca Dinaric Alps (Nam Slav) l k lc nh l cao nht th gii, vi chiu cao
trung bnh ca nam gii 185,6 cm (6 ft 1,1 in) v chiu cao trung bnh ca n 170,9 cm (5 ft 7,3
in).
1.1.Dinh dng
y cng l mt yu t quyt nh rt ln ti s pht trin chiu cao tr. Chiu cao tng t khi
hnh thnh n ht tui dy th. Tuy nhin, c ba giai on quan trng: giai on phi thai, trong
tui t 6 - 8, v tui nin thiu. Mt ch n ung thch hp v chm sc sc khe trong 3
giai on ny c th c nh hng rt ln v chiu cao tr.
Ngay khi cn mang thai, nu tr c nui dng b sung tt, Cha me khng ht thuc, ung
ru... tr s c li th pht trin tt hn.
5

Dinh dng cn phi c nng lng ph hp vi tng la tui. Nu qu t b s suy dinh

dng nhng qu nhiu li gy bo ph. Ba n tr cn 4 yu t: m (chim 10-15% tng
nng lng), tinh bt (chim 60-65% tng nng lng), cht bo (chim 10% tng nng lng)
v rau. Khng nn n bt c th g qu nhiu, mt cn bng.
Vitamin v khong cht cng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic pht trin chiu cao ca tr
em. V d, bn c th tm thy canxi nhiu trong sa, u tng v rau qu.
Sa c cha mt lng canxi ln hp th c d dng hn nh s kt hp ca vitamin D v
photpho trong sa. canxi hp th d dng hn, bn nn dnh 20 pht phi nng cho tr hng
ngy. Ngoi ra, sa cung cp nhiu vitamin, khong cht v ngun protein c gi tr cao sinh hc
v axit amin quan trng.
Bn cng nn ch n vitamin A. N ngn nga kh mt cng nh ci thin kh nng chng li
nhim trng v tham gia pht trin chiu cao. Mt s loi thc phm c nhiu vitamin A l sa,
trng, c v tht.
Bn cnh , st v km cng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic pht trin chiu cao. St c
nhiu trong cc mn n ng vt nh tht, c... Trong khi , km c th c tm thy trong con
hu, gan ln, b tht, sa, u nnh sa v lng ...
Nh vy ta thy chiu cao l kiu hnh xc nh bi di truyn v mi trng, dinh dng v yu
t gy stress...Chiu cao trong nhm dn s khc nhau ph thuc vo s tng trng ca x hi
v chm sc sc khe c sn, gio dc v dinh dng, v thc phm c sn. iu ny gii thch
ti sao chiu cao trung bnh cc nc pht trin cao hn so vi cc quc gia khc.
pht trin chiu cao cho tr, ngoi nhng yu t ta khng th tc ng nh gen di truyn,
hormon... th c nhng yu t bn ngoi tc ng, y l nhng yu t cha m c th gip b
pht trin c chiu cao ti u ca mnh. Cho tr tp luyn th thao, n ung dinh dng hp
l, to iu kin v mi trng sng trong sch, lnh mnh.

2.Th t sinh v chiu cao

N c quan st thy nhng con c u lng l ngn hn so vi nam gii sau sinh. [28] Tuy
nhin, gn y nht l quan st ngc li c thc hin. [29] Cc nghin cu tc gi cho rng
nguyn nhn c th kinh t-x hi trong t nhin.
3.Qu trnh pht trin

Phn ny khng trch dn bt k ngun tham kho no . Xin hy gip ci thin phn ny bng cch b sung ch t
ngun ng tin cy . Liu Unsourced c th c th thch v b loi b . (Thng 2 nm 2014)

_Con ng chnh trong vic iu ha ni tit ca tng trng.

Tng trng trong tm vc, xc nh bi cc yu t khc nhau ca n, kt qu t s ko di ca
xng thng qua cc b phn di ng ch yu theo quy nh ca somatotropin (nhn hormone
tng trng(HGH)) tit ra t trc tuyn yn tuyn. Somatotropin cng kch thch vic pht hnh
ca mt tng trng gy hormone Insulin ging nh yu t tng trng 1 (IGF-1) ch yu
gan. C hai hormone hot ng trn hu ht cc m ca c th, c nhiu chc nng khc, v tip
tc c tit ra trong sut cuc i; vi mc nh trng vi tc tng trng cao nht, v dn
dn ln vi tui sau tui thanh thiu nin .Phn ln cc tit xy ra trong cc v n (c bit l i
vi thanh thiu nin) vi s ln nht trong khi ng.
Phn ln tng trng tuyn tnh xy ra khi tng trng ca sn ti epiphysis (kt thc)
ca xng di dn dn ha thnh xng to thnh xng cng. Chn son khong mt na
chiu cao ca con ngi trng thnh, v chiu di chn l mt phn no tnh dc lng
hnh tnh trng. Mt s tng trng ny xy ra sau khi bt ph tng trng ca xng di
ngng hoc b chm. Phn ln s tng trng trong giai on ln l ca cc xng di. Ngoi ra,
s thay i v cao gia cc qun th v qua thi gian phn ln l do s thay i trong chiu
di chn. Phn cn li ca chiu cao bao gm cc xng s. Chiu cao l tnh dc lng hnh v
thng k n l nhiu hn hoc t hn bnh thng phn phi, nhng vi ui nng .
4.Bt thng v chiu cao
Phn ny khng trch dn bt k ngun tham kho no . Xin hy gip ci
thin phn ny bng cch b sung ch thch ti cc ngun ng tin
cy . Liu Unsourced c th c th thch v b loi b . (Thng 2 nm
2014)

Hu ht cc sai ni dn s ca chiu cao l gen. Tm vc ngn v tm vc cao ln thng khng

phi l mt vn sc khe. Nu mc sai lch so vi bnh thng l c ngha, tm vc thp
di truyn c gi l tm vc ngn gia nh v tm vc cao ln c gi l tm vc cao ln
trong gia nh. Chng nhn rng chiu cao c bit l bnh thng i vi mt ngi tng ng
c th c xc nh t so snh tm vc ca cc thnh vin gia nh v phn tch xu hng pht
trin cho nhng thay i t ngt, trong s nhng ngi khc. Tuy nhin, cc bnh khc nhau v
cc ri lon gy ra nhng bt thng tng trng. ng ch nht, chiu cao cc oan c th
bnh l, chng hn nh gigantism kt qu t hyperpituitarism thi th u, v bnh ci cc trong
c nguyn nhn khc nhau. Him khi, khng c nguyn nhn c th c tm thy cho chiu
cao cc oan; rt ngi ngn c th c gi l c v cn tm vc ngn . Hoa K Thc phm v
Dc phm (FDA) vo nm 2003 c ph duyt iu tr HGH cho nhng 2,25 lch chun
7

di trung bnh dn s (khong 1,2% thp nht ca dn s). Mt s xut hin thm ch cn him
hn, hoc t nht l s dng t hn hn v c cng nhn "vn ", l v cn tm vc cao ln.
Nu khng hormone tng trng c sn xut v / hoc tit ra t tuyn yn, sau mt bnh
nhn b thiu ht hormone tng trng c th tri qua iu tr. iu tr ny lin quan n vic
tim hormone tng trng tinh khit vo m dy thc y tng trng.
5.Vai tr ca chiu cao ca mt c nhn
5.1 Chiu cao v sc khe
Mt s nghin cu ch ra rng chiu cao l mt yu t trong sc khe tng th trong khi mt
s ngi cho tallness c kt hp vi sc khe tim mch tt hn v kh vi tui th nguy c
ung th cng c tm thy pht trin vi chiu cao.
Tuy nhin, cch gii thch phng Ty hin i v mi quan h gia chiu cao v sc khe
khng hch ton cho cc bin th cao quan st trn ton th gii. [32] Cavalli-Sforza v
Cavalli-Sforza lu rng cc bin i chiu cao trn ton th gii c th l do mt phn p lc
tin ha do mi trng khc nhau. Nhng p lc tin ha dn n nhng tc ng sc khe
chiu cao lin quan. Trong khi tallness l mt li ch thch nghi vng kh hu lnh hn nh tm
thy chu u, kh gip tiu tan nhit c th vng kh hu m p hn. Do , mi quan h
gia sc khe v chiu cao khng th d dng tng qut t tallness v kh c th va cung cp
nhng li ch sc khe trong thit lp mi trng khc nhau.
Cui cng cc, l qu cao c th gy ra nhiu vn y t, bao gm cc vn v tim mch, do
s gia tng ti trng trn tim cung cp cho c th vi mu, v cc vn pht sinh t thi tng
n c no lin lc vi cc chi. V d, Robert Wadlow , ngi cao nht c bit n vi lch s
kim chng, pht trin gp kh khn i b nh chiu cao ca mnh tng ln trong sut cuc i
ca mnh. Trong rt nhiu cc hnh nh ca cc phn sau ca cuc i mnh, Wadlow c th
c nhn thy mt ci g hp dn h tr. Mun trong cuc sng ca mnh, mc d ng
qua i tui 22, ng phi eo ning rng trn i chn ca mnh v i b vi mt cy
gy; v ng cht sau khi pht trin mt nhim trng chn ca mnh v anh khng th cm
nhn c s kch thch v ct do np chn ca mnh. Tallness qu mc v kh qu mc c th
gy ra mi loi tr x hi v phn bit i x i vi c nam v n ( heightism ).
Ngun l bt ng v mi quan h tng th gia chiu cao v tui th. Samaras v Elrick, Ty
Journal of Medicine, cho thy mt mi tng quan nghch gia chiu cao v tui th mt s
ng vt c v bao gm c con ngi.
Ph n c chiu cao di 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) c th c mt nh xng chu , dn n cc bin
chng nh vy trong lc sinh n nh vai kh .
Mt nghin cu c thc hin Thy in ch ra rng c mt mi tng quan t l nghch
gia chiu cao v t st trong s nhng ngi n ng Thy in.
5.2 Chiu cao v thnh cng ngh nghip
Xem thm: Heights ca Ch tch v cc ng c vin tng thng ca Hoa K
C mt c th ln cc nghin cu v tm l hc, kinh t hc, v sinh hc ca con ngi nh
gi mi quan h gia mt s tnh nng c v v hi vt l (v d, chiu cao c th) v thnh cng
ngh nghip thp k Mi tng quan gia chiu cao v thnh cng c khm ph trc
y ngi ngn hn c coi l c mt li th nht nh trong th thao (v d, th dc, ua xe li
8

xe, vv), trong khi nhiu mn th thao khc ngi cao c mt li th ln. Trong hu ht cc lnh
vc ngh nghip, chiu cao c th l khng lin quan n nh th no mi ngi c th thc
hin, nhng d sao cng c tm thy tng quan vi thnh cng ca h trong nhiu nghin
cu, mc d c th c cc yu t khc nh gii tnh hoc tnh trng socioeonomic m gii thch
iu ny.
Mt cuc biu tnh ca cc hip hi chiu cao thnh cng c th c tm thy trong cc lnh vc
chnh tr. Trong cuc bu c tng thng Hoa K, cc ng c vin cao thng 22 trong tng s 25
ln trong th k 20. Tuy nhin, Ignatius Loyola , ngi sng lp Dng Tn, l 150 cm (4 ft 11
in) v mt s nh lnh o th gii ni bt ca th k 20, nh Vladimir Lenin , Benito
Mussolini , Nicolae Ceau escu v Joseph Stalin l di chiu cao trung bnh. Nhng v d ny,
tuy nhin, tt c trc khi cc hnh thc hin i ca a phng tin truyn thng, v d, truyn
hnh, trong c th tip tc phn bit chiu cao trong x hi hin i. Hn na, bng chng
mnh m cho thy chiu cao c th l mt proxy cho s t tin, m l tng t nh vy tng
quan mnh vi thnh cng ngh nghip.
6.Lch s ca chiu cao ca con ngi
Qun i ca Lin minh Tm-Nation vo nm 1900, cho thy binh s Anh v M cao hn binh s
lc a chu u ng k. Tri sang phi: Anh, Hoa K, thuc a ca c, n thuc Anh, c,
Php, Nga, , Nht Bn.
Trong th k XVIII v XIX, ngi gc chu u Bc M xa cao hn nhng ngi chu u
v l cng trnh cao nht th gii. [9] Ngi dn bn a gc ca Plains ngi M bn a cng l
mt trong nhng qun th cao nht ca th gii ti thi gian.
Vo cui th k XIX, H Lan l mt t ni ting vi dn s ngn ca mnh, nhng ngy nay
dn s ca n l mt trong nhng cao nht vi nam gii tr trn th gii trung bnh 183,8 cm (6
ft 0,4 in) cao.
Theo mt nghin cu ca kinh t John Komlos v Francesco Cinnirella, trong na u ca th k
th 18, chiu cao trung bnh ca mt nam ting Anh l 165 cm (5 ft 5 in), v chiu cao trung bnh
ca mt nam Ireland l 168 cm ( 5 ft 6 in). Chiu cao trung bnh c tnh ca Anh, c v nhng
ngi lnh Scotland l 163,6 cm - 165,9 cm (5 ft 4,4 in - 5 ft 5,3 in) cho giai on nh mt ton
th, trong khi ca Ailen l 167,9 cm (5 ft 6,1 in). Chiu cao trung bnh ca cc n l nam v
ngi b kt n Bc M l 171 cm (5 ft 7 in).
Lnh thuc a sinh ra M trong nhng nm cui thp nin 1770 l trn trung bnh hn 7,6 cm
(3 inch) cao hn so vi ting Anh ca h phc v trong Thy qun lc chin Hong gia cng
mt lc.
Chiu cao trung bnh ca ngi M v chu u gim trong thi k cng nghip ha nhanh
chng, c th do dn s tng nhanh v tng s bt bnh ng kinh t. Vo u th k th 19
nc Anh, s khc bit gia chiu cao trung bnh ca ting Anh tr trn lp (hc sinh ca Hc
vin qun s Sandhurst ) v ting Anh lp thp hn thanh nin ( Hi Marine b trai) t 22 cm
(8,7 in), mc cao nht c quan st thy.

D liu c ngun gc t ngi m cho thy trc nm 1850, tm vc trung bnh ca nam gii v
n gii Leiden, H Lan ln lt l 166,7 cm (5 ft 5,6 in) v 156,7 cm (5 ft 1,7 in). Chiu cao
trung bnh ca tr m ci H Lan 19 tui vo nm 1865 l 160 cm (5 ft 3 in).
Theo mt nghin cu ca JW Drukker v Vincent Tassenaar, chiu cao trung bnh ca H Lan
gim 1.830-1.857, thm ch trong khi H Lan GNP thc t bnh qun u ngi tng vi tc
trung bnh hn 0,5 phn trm mi nm. S suy gim ti t nht l cc khu vc th vo
nm 1847, chiu cao hnh pht thnh th l 2.5cms (1). T l t vong thnh th cng cao hn
nhiu so vi cc vng nng thn. Nm 1829, ngi H Lan th v nng thn trung bnh l 164
cm (5 ft 4,6 in). Bi nm 1856, nng thn H Lan trung bnh l 162 cm (5 ft 3,8 in) v H Lan
thnh th l 158,5 cm (5 ft 2,4 in).
Mt bo co nm 2004 vi l do mt 2003 UNICEF nghin cu v nh hng ca suy dinh
dng Bc Triu Tin, do "i km lin tip," tm thy con c trng thnh tr th ngn
hn ng k. Ngc li Hn Quc "n mi trn mt ch n ung ngy cng phng Ty chu
nh hng, "khng c nn i, c pht trin cao hn. S khc bit chiu cao ti thiu cho
ngi Hn Quc trn 40 tui, ngi ln ln ti mt thi im khi cc iu kin kinh t min
Bc c th so snh vi nhng ngi min Nam, trong khi s chnh lch chiu cao cp nht
cho nhng ngi Hn Quc ln ln trong nhng nm 1990 - mt nhn khu hc trong Hn
Quc l khong 12 cm (4,7 in) cao hn so vi Bc Triu Tin ca h -. v y l mt thi im
khi m Bc b nh hng bi nn i khc nghit mt nghin cu ca nh nhn chng hc ca
Hn Quc tr em Bc Hn Quc, ngi c o thot sang Trung Quc thy rng nam gii 18
tui l 5 inch ngn hn so vi ngi Hn Quc tui ca h do suy dinh dng.
Ngi n ng cn sng cao nht l Sultan Kosen ca Th Nh K , ti 251 cm (8 ft 3 in). Ngi
n ng cao nht trong lch s hin i l Robert Pershing Wadlow (1918-1940), t Illinois ,
Hoa K , l ngi 272 cm (8 ft 11 in) ti thi im ci cht ca ng. Ngi ph n cao nht
trong lch s y l Zeng Jinlian ca H Nam , Trung Quc, ngi ng 248 cm (8 ft 1 1/2 in) khi c
qua i tui 17. Nhng ngi trng ngn k lc l Chandra Bahadur Dangi ca Nepal ti
54,6 cm (1 ft 9 1/2 in).
Chiu cao dnh cho ngi ln gia dn thng khc ng k. V d, chiu cao trung bnh ca
ph n t Cng ha Sc l ln hn so vi nam gii t Malawi. iu ny c th c gy ra bi
s khc bit di truyn, s khc bit li sng thi th u (dinh dng, gic ng, lao ng chn
tay), hoc c hai.
Ty thuc vo quan h tnh dc, yu t di truyn v mi trng, thu hp tm vc c th bt u
tui trung nin mt s c nhn, nhng c xu hng ph bin trong nhng ngi rt gi. Gim
chiu cao ny l do cc yu t nh chiu cao gim ca a lin t sng v kh , teo cc m mm
v thay i t th th bnh thoi ha.
7.Chiu cao trung bnh trn th gii
Di y l chiu cao trng thnh trung bnh ca t nc vng / a l. Cc nghin cu ban
u v ngun nn c t vn bit chi tit v phng php lun v cc qun th chnh xc o,
kho st, hoc xem xt.
Nh vi bt k d liu thng k, tnh chnh xc ca d liu ny c th l vn v nhiu l do:
_Mt s nghin cu c th cho php cc i tng cc gi tr t bo co. Ni chung,
chiu cao t bo co c xu hng cao hn so vi chiu cao o c ca n, mc d nh
10

gi qu cao v chiu cao ph thuc vo chiu cao l ch bo co ca, tui tc, gii tnh
v khu vc.
_i tng th nghim c th c mi thay v chn ngu nhin, kt qu l thin v
ly mu .
_Mt s quc gia c th c nhng khong trng chiu cao ng k gia cc vng khc
nhau. V d, mt cuc kho st cho thy c 10,8 cm (4 1/2 in) khong cch gia nh nc
cao nht v trng thi ngn nht c. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, chiu cao
trung bnh c th khng i din cho dn s tr khi i tng mu l mt cch thch hp
ly t tt c cc vng bng cch s dng bnh qun gia quyn ca cc nhm khu vc khc
nhau.
_Cc nhm x hi khc nhau c th cho thy chiu cao trung bnh khc nhau. Theo mt
nghin cu ti Php, gim c iu hnh v chuyn gia l 2,6 cm (1) cao hn, v sinh
vin i hc l 2,55 cm (1)cao hn hn mc trung bnh quc gia. Nh trng hp ny
cho thy, d liu ly t mt nhm x hi c th c th khng i din cho mt dn s
mt s nc.
_Mt mu tng i nh dn s c th o c, m lm cho n chc chn l liu mu
ny i din cho chnh xc ton b dn s.
_Chiu cao ca ngi c th khc nhau trong qu trnh ca mt ngy, do cc yu t nh
tng chiu cao t tp th dc thc hin trc tip trc khi o (thng tng quan nghch),
hoc tng chiu cao k t khi nm xung trong mt thi gian ng k (thng tng
quan nghch ). V d, mt nghin cu cho thy mt s khc bit trung bnh 1,54 cm
(0,61 in) gim trong chiu cao ca 100 tr em t khi ra khi ging vo bui sng
gia 4 v 5:00 cng ngy hm . Nhng yu t ny c th khng c c kim sot
trong mt s nghin cu.
Note1: D liu trong mu xanh l cy l i din ca a s cc quc gia hay dn s trng thnh
ca khu vc.
Note2: Letters mu xm cho thy chiu cao khng o c.
t l
S chia s
tm
Chiu cao Chiu cao
ca
phn
Quc gia /
vc Dn s mu /
trung trung bnh
pop. trn g php Nm
Vng
(na
tui
bnh, nam
n
18
hc
m
ph
n)

Albania

Argentina

174,0 cm 161,8 cm
20-29 (N =
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,08 m: 649 f:
8 1/2in)
3 1/2in)
1.806)

N/A

159,6 cm N /
19-49
(5 ft 3 in) A

ngun

23,5%

20082009

[64] [65]

60,4%

20042005

[66]

11

Argentina

Armenia

174,46
cm (5 ft
8 1/2in)

N/A

161,01
cm (5 ft
3 1/2in)

Khe mnh,
18 (N = m:
90 f: 97, SD
1,08
2,9%
= m: 7.43 cm
(3) f: 6.99 cm
(3))

25-49 (N = f:
158.1 cm N / 4.218, SD =
48,6%
(5 ft 2 in) A f: 5,7 cm (2
in))

19982001

T bo 2005

[67]

[68]

Chu c

161,8 cm
175,6 cm
(5 ft
1.09 18+
(5 ft 9 in)
3 1/2in)

100,0%

20112012

[69]

Chu c

177,8 cm 163.8 cm
(5 ft 10 (5 ft
1.09 18-24
in)
4 1/2in)

12,4%

20112012

[69]

179 cm (5 166 cm (5
1,08 20-49
ft10 1/2 in) ft5 1/2 in)

54,3%

2006

[70]

180 cm (5 167 cm (5
1,08 20-24
ft 11 in) ft5 1/2 in)

7,7%

2006

[70]

178,80
cm (5
ft10 1/2in)

7,8%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

21 (N = m:
179,2 cm
53 f: 69, SD
167,6 cm
(5
1,07 = m: 6,1 cm 1,5%
(5 ft 6 in)
ft10 1/2in)
(2 1/2in) f: 5,6
cm (2 in))

T bo 2001

[72]

[73]

Azerbaijan

N/A

1,07 30-34

171,8 cm 165,4 cm 1.04 16+

(5 ft

106,5%

2005

12

7 1/2in)

(5 ft 5 in)

Bahrain

T 19 (N =
m: 1.120 f:
165,1 cm 154,2 cm
1181, SD =
1,07
97,7%
(5 ft 5 in) (5 ft 1/2 in)
m: 9,0 cm
(3 1/2 in) f: 7,8
cm (3))

2002

[74]

Bahrain

171,0 cm 156,6 cm
(5 ft
(5 ft
1.09 18
7 1/2in)
1 1/2in)

2009

[75] [76]

Bangladesh

1,9%

150,6 cm
25-49 (N = f:
N/
(4
7368, SD = f: 56,2%
A
ft11 1/2in)
5,5 cm (2 in))

T bo 2007

[68]

c
tnh

2010

[71]

T bo 2001

[72]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,3 cm
N / 11.015, SD =
(5 ft
53,5%
A f: 6,5 cm
2 1/2in)
(21/2 in))

T bo 2006

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
151,8 cm N / 10.302, SD =
52,6%
(5 ft 0 in) A f: 5,9 cm
(21/2 in))

T bo 2003

[68]

N/A

nc B

178,70
cm (5
ft10 1/2in)

nc B

21 (N = m:
20-49 f: 20178,6 cm
168,1 cm
49, SD = m:
(5
1,06
1,7%
(5 ft 6 in)
6,6 cm
ft10 1/2in)
(2 1/2in) f: 5.3
cm (2 in))

Bnin

Bolivia

N/A

N/
30-34
A

8.1%

13

160,0 cm 142,2 cm
Aymara , 201,13
(5 ft 3 in) (4 ft 8 in)
29

1970

[77]

Hc sinh
tiUBL , 19171,8 cm
32 (N = m:
Bosnia v
183,9 cm
(5 ft
1,07 178 f: 34, SD 0,4% [78]
Herzegovina (6 ft 1/2 in)
7 1/2in)
= m: 7.11 cm
(3) f: 6.56 cm
(2 1/2in))

2014

[79]

Brazil

158,8 cm
18+ (N = m:
170,7 cm
(5 ft
1,07 62.037 f:
100,0%
(5 ft 7 in)
2 1/2in)
65.696)

2009

[80] [81]

Brazil

161,1 cm
20-24 (N =
173,0 cm
(5 ft
1,07 m: 8,299 f:
(5 ft 8 in)
3 1/2in)
7938)

13,0%

2009

[80]

Brazil -
th

173,5 cm 161,6 cm
20-24 (N =
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,07 m: 6.360 f:
8 1 / 2in) 3 1 / 2in)
6305)

10,9%

2009

[80]

2.1%

2009

[80]

Bolivia

170,9 cm 158,9 cm
20-24 (N =
Brazil - Nn
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,07 m: 1.939 f:
g thn
7 1 / 2in) 2 1 / 2in)
1.633)

N/A

163,2 cm
175,2 cm
(5 ft
1,07
(5 ft 9 in) 1
4 / 2in)

N/A

N/A

N / A 2010

[82]

178,1 cm
Bulgaria - So
164,8 cm
(5 ft 10
1,08
fia
(5 ft 5 in)
in)

N/A

N/A

N / A 2010

[82]

T bo 2003

[68]

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

N/A

161,6 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 55,5%

(5 ft
A 7337, SD = f:
1
3 / 2in)
6.2 cm

14

(2 1 / 2in))
25-49 (N = f:
152,4 cm N / 5,081, SD =
52,2%
(5 ft 0 in) A f: 5.4 cm (2
in))

T bo 2005

[68]

161,3 cm
15+ (N = m:
Cameroon - 170,6 cm
(5 ft
1,06 3.746 f:
53,6%
th
(5 ft 7 in) 1
3 / 2in)
5078)

2003

[83]

35-44 (N =
Cameroon - 172,1 cm 162,0 cm
1,06 m: 558 f:
th
(5 ft 8 in) (5 ft 4 in)
1156)

8,7%

2003

[83]

Campuchia

N/A

Canada

175,1 cm 162,3 cm
1,08 18-79
(5 ft 9 in) (5 ft 4 in)

94,7%

20072009

[84]

Canada

176,0 cm 163,3 cm
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,08 25-44
1
1
9 / 2in) 4 / 2in)

36,5%

2005

[54]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
158,9 cm
N / 1,408, SD =
(5 ft
50,0%
A f: 6,6 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 1994

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
162,6 cm N / 2.393, SD =
51,9%
(5 ft 4 in) A f: 6.4 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 2004

[68]

Cng ha
trung phi

c hng

Chile

156,1 cm
169,6 cm
(5 ft
1.09 15+
(5 ft 7 in) 1
1 / 2in)

107,2%

20092010

[85]

Chile

171,2 cm 157,2 cm 1.09 25-44

41,2%

2009-

[85]

15

(5 ft
7 1 / 2in)

(5 ft 2 in)

159,1 cm
171 cm (5
(5 ft
1,07 15-24
ft7 1 / 2 in) 1
2 / 2in)

2010

23,7%

20092010

[85]

Trung Quc,
155,8 cm
167,1 cm
Cng ha
(5 ft
1,07 18+
(5 ft 6 in) 1
Nhn dn
1 / 2in)

100,0%

2012

[86]

Trung Quc 172,1 cm 160,1 cm

1,07 19
(i lc
(5 ft 8 in) (5 ft 3 in)

2.1%

2010

[87]

Trung Quc,
158,6 cm
Cng ha
170,2 cm
(5 ft
1,07 17
Nhn
(5 ft 7 in) 1
2 / 2in)
dn - th

0,6%

2002

[88]

Trung Quc,
Cng ha
166,3 cm
157,0 cm
Nhn
(5 ft
1,06 17
(5 ft 2 in)
1
dn - nng 5 / 2in)
thn

1,6%

2002

[88]

Trung Quc,
Cng ha
161,3 cm
174,7 cm
Nhn
(5 ft
1,08 21
(5 ft 9 in) 1
dn - Bc
3 / 2in)
Kinh

0,2% [89]

2010

[90]

Trung Quc,
Cng ha
169,2 cm 158,2 cm
Nhn
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,07 20-24
dn - T
6 1 / 2in) 2 1 / 2in)
Xuyn

0,7% [91]

2010

[92]

Colombia

14,1%

2002

[93]

Chile

170,6 cm 158,7 cm 1,07 18-22 (N =

16

(5 ft 7 in)

Colombia

Comoros

Cng ha
Dn ch
Congo

Congo, Cng
ha

(5 ft
2 1 / 2in)

m: 1.528.875
f: 1.468.110)

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
155,0 cm N / 22.947, SD =
55,8%
(5 ft 1 in) A f: 6.2 cm
(2 1/ 2 in))

T bo 2004

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
154,8 cm N / 644, SD = f:
49,8%
(5 ft 1 in) A 5,8 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 1996

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
157,7 cm N /
2.727, SD = 52,7%
(5 ft 2 in) A
f: 8,0 cm (3))

T bo 2005

[68]

N/A

159,0 cm
25-49 (N = f:
N/
(5 ft
3922, SD = f: 55,7%
A
2 1 / 2in)
8,1 cm (3))

T bo 2007

[68]

18 (N = m:
358 f: 360,
SD = m: 6,8
1.09
1,6%
cm (2 1 / 2 in)
f: 6,1 cm
(2 1/ 2 in))

Croatia

180,4 cm 166,49
(5 ft 11 cm (5 ft
in)
5 1 / 2in)

Cuba -
th

156 cm (5
168 cm (5
FT1 1 / 2in 1,08 15+
ft 6 in)
)

Cng ha
Sc

180,31
cm (5 ft
11 in)

an mch

180,4 cm
(5 ft 11

20062008

[94]

79,2%

1999

[95]

1,6%

2001

[96]

N / Lnh ngha 5,3%

v, 18-20 (N

2012

[97]

167,22
cm (5 ft 6 1,08 17
in)
N/A

17

in)

A = m: 38.025)

an mch

181,4 cm
(5
ft11 1 /2 in)

an mch

23 (N = m:
168,7 cm
182,6 cm
-20 f: 20-49,
(5 ft
1,08
1,6%
(6 ft 0 in) 1
SD = m: NA
6 / 2in)
f: 7,4 cm (3))

N/A

N/
30
A

171,1 cm
185,6 cm
Dinaric Alps
(5 ft
1,08 17
(6 ft 1 in) 1
7 / 2in)

[71]

T bo 2001

[72]

2005

[98]

T bo 1996

[68]

50,9%

T bo 2007

[68]

16,6%

2008

[99]

T bo 2008

[68]

[100]

N/A

Cng ha
Dominica

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
156,4 cm
N / 4763, SD = f:
(5 ft
54,8%
A 6,3 cm
1
1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

El Salvador

N/A

160,3 cm N /
25-49
(5 ft 3 in) A

Ai Cp

158,9 cm
20-24 (N =
170,3 cm
(5 ft
1,07 m: 845 f:
(5 ft 7 in) 1
2 / 2in)
1059)

Ai Cp

N/A

Estonia

179,1 cm
(5
ft10 1 /2 in)

Ethiopia

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,5 cm N / 13.813, SD =
53,2%
(5 ft 3 in) A f: 6,0 cm
(2 1/ 2 in))

N/A

N/
17
A

c
tnh

2010

1,5%

2,3%

157,6 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 53,8%

2003

T bo 1997

[68]

18

(5 ft 2 in)

3.868, SD =
A f: 6,6 cm
(2 1 / 2in))
o
lng 2001v t 2012
bo

[64]

Chu u

177,6 cm
(5 ft 10
in)[101]

Phn Lan

178,9 cm
165,3 cm
25-34 (N = m
(5
1,08
19,0%
(5
ft
5
in)
/ f: 2.305)
ft10 1 /2 in)

1994

[103]

Phn Lan

180,7 cm
167,2 cm
-25 (N = m /
(5 ft 11
1,08
9,2%
(5 ft 6 in)
f: 26.636)
in)

20102011

[104][103]

Phn Lan

177,9 cm
(5 ft 10
in)

c
tnh

2010

[71]

Php

175,6 cm 162,5 cm
18-70 (N = m
1,08
85,9%
(5 ft 9 in) (5 ft 4 in)
/ f: 11.562)

20032004

[105][106]

Php

174,1 cm 161,9 cm
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,08 20 +
1
1
8 / 2in) 3 / 2in)

96,6%

2001

[58]

Php

177,0 cm
164,6 cm
(5 ft
1,08 20-29
(5 ft 5 in)
9 1 / 2in)

17,5%

2001

[58]

Php

176,2 cm
(5 ft
9 1 / 2in)

8,3%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

T bo 2000

[68]

Gabon

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/
17-29 [102]
A

8,4
30-34
%

N/
30-34
A

N/A

8,4%

158,4 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 52,1%

19

(5 ft
2 1 / 2in)

1.576, SD =
A f: 6.2 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

21-49 (N =
m: 9559 f:
Gambia - N 168,0 cm 157,8 cm
13.160, SD =
1,06
ng thn
(5 ft 6 in) (5 ft 2 in)
m: 6,7 cm
(2 1/ 2 in) f:
5,6 cm (2 in))

N/A

19501974

[107]

nc c

175,4 cm 162.8 cm
18-79 (N = m
1,08
94,3%
(5 ft 9 in) (5 ft 4 in)
/ f: 19.768)

2007

[56]

nc c

178,9 cm 166,1 cm
(5
(5 ft
1,08 18-37
ft10 1 /2 in) 5 1 / 2in)

29,2%

2007

[56]

c -
th[108]

180,6 cm 168.5 cm
(5 ft 11 (5 ft
1,08 18-37
in)
6 1 / 2in)

7,1% [109]

2007

[56]

nc c

180,17
cm (5 ft
11 in)

7,2%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

nc c

18+ (N = m:
178 cm (5 165 cm (5
1,08 25.112 f:
100,0%
ft 10 in) ft 5 in)
25.560)

T bo 2009

[110]

nc c

18-25 (N =
181 cm (5 168 cm (5
1,08 m: 2.501 f:
ft11 1 / 2in) ft 6 in)
2.227)

11,3%

T bo 2009

[110]

159,3 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 54,4%

(5 ft
A 2,958, SD =
2 1 / 2in)
f: 6,7 cm

T bo 2008

[68]

Ghana

N/A

N/A

N/
30-34
A

20

(2 1 / 2in))

Ghana

169,5 cm 158,5 cm
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,07 25-29
1
1
6 / 2in) 2 / 2in)

14,7%

19871989

[111]

Hy lp

177 cm (5 165 cm (5
1,07 18-49
ft9 1 / 2 in) ft 5 in)

56,3%

2003

[70]

Hy lp

177 cm (5 166 cm (5
1,07 20-24
ft9 1 / 2 in) ft5 1 / 2 in)

8,5%

2003

[70]

Hy lp

178,06
cm (5 ft
10 in)

N/A

Lnh ngha
v, 18-26 (N
N/
= m: 3982, 13,7%
A
SD = m: 7.05
cm (3))

20062007

[112]

Hy lp

177,29
cm (5 ft
10 in)

N/A

N/
30-34
A

c
tnh

2010

[71]

Hy lp

21 (N = m:
20-49 f: 20178,3 cm 166,6 cm
49, SD = m:
(5 ft 10 (5 ft
1,07
1,8%
6,6 cm
1
in)
5 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in) f:
5.3 cm (2 in))

T bo 2001

[72]

T bo 1998

[68]

T bo 2005

[68]

Guatemala

N/A

Guinea

N/A

9,5%

25-49 (N = f:
147,3 cm
N / 1.773, SD =
(4 ft 10
52,3%
A f: 6,3 cm
in)
(2 1 / 2in))
158,8 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 52,9%
(5 ft
A 2.563, SD =
2 1 / 2in)
f: 6,3 cm

21

(2 1 / 2in))

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
158,6 cm
N / 2,932, SD =
(5 ft
52,8%
A f: 6,5 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 2005

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
152,0 cm N / 11.219, SD =
53,3%
(5 ft 0 in) A f: 6.4 cm
(2 1/ 2 in))

T bo 2005

[68]

18 (N = m:
171,7 cm 158,7 cm
468 f: 453,
Hng Kng (5 ft
(5 ft
1,08 SD = m: 5,5 1,4%
7 1 / 2in) 2 1 / 2in)
cm (2 in) f:
5,7 cm (2 in))

2006

[113]

Sinh vin i
hc, 19-20 (N
173,4 cm
= m: 291 f:
160,1 cm
Hng Kng (5 ft
1,08 200, SD = m: 0,6% [114]
(5 ft 3 in)
1
8 / 2in)
6,1 cm
(2 1 / 2in) f:
5.2 cm (2 in))

2005

[115]

nm
2000

[116]

2005

[117]

20052006

[118]

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

164 cm (5
176 cm (5
Ngi trng
FT4 1 / 2in 1,07
1
ft9 / 2 in)
thnh
)

Hungary

177,3 cm
(5 ft 10
in)

20-49 (N =
164,7 cm 151,9 cm
1,08 m: 69.245 f: 69,8%
(5 ft 5 in) (5 ft 0 in)
118.796)

N/A

N/A

18 (N = m:
N / 1.080, SD =
1,7%
A m: 5,99 cm
(21 / 2 in))

22

n
- Nng
thn

17+ (SD = m:
161.2 cm
152.1 cm
7,0 cm (3) f:
(5 ft
1,06
72,1%
(5 ft 0 in)
6,3 cm
3 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

2007

[119]

166,3 cm
152,6 cm
(5 ft
1.09 20
(5 ft 0 in)
5 1 / 2in)

D
on

20052006

[119]

Indonesia

50+ (N = m:
2,041 f: 2396,
trung bnh =
158 cm (5 147 cm (4
1,07 m: 158 cm (5 22,5%
ft 2 in)
ft 10 in)
ft 2 in) f: 147
cm (4 ft 10
in))

T bo 1997

[120]

Iran

Trn 21 (N =
m / f: 89.532,
170,3 cm 157,2 cm
1,08 SD = m: 8,05 88,1%
(5 ft 7 in) (5 ft 2 in)
cm (3) f: 7.22
cm (3))

2005

[121]

Iran

173,4 cm
159,8 cm
(5 ft
1.09 21-25
(5 ft 3 in)
1
8 / 2in)

17,9%

2005

[121]

18-44 (N =
m: 700 f:
155,8 cm
Iraq - Baghd 165,4 cm
800, SD = m:
(5 ft
1,06
76,3%
ad
(5 ft 5 in) 1
5,6 cm (2 in)
1 / 2in)
f: 16,0 cm
(6 1 /2 in))

19992000

[122]

177 cm (5 163 cm (5
1.09 20-49
ft9 1 / 2 in) ft 4 in)

61,8%

2007

[70]

10,4%

2007

[70]

Ireland

Ireland

179 cm (5 163 cm (5 1.10 20-24

ft10 1 / 2in

3,0%

23

ft 4 in)

Ireland

176,60
cm (5 ft
9 1 / 2in)

N/
30
A

c
tnh

2010

[71]

Ireland

21 (N = m:
177,5 cm 163,5 cm
54 f: 20-49,
(5 ft 10 (5 ft
1.09 SD = m: 6,3 2,4%
in)
4 1 / 2in)
cm (2 1/ 2 in)
f: 7,6 cm (3))

T bo 2001

[72]

Israel

177 cm (5 166 cm (5
1,07 18-21
ft9 1 / 2 in) ft5 1 / 2 in)

9,7%

2010

[123]

176,5 cm
162,5 cm
(5 ft
1.09 18
(5 ft 4 in)
9 1 / 2in)

1,4%

19992004

[124] [64][76]

174,48
cm (5 ft
8 1 / 2in)

1,6%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

21 (N = m:
106 f: 92, SD
177,2 cm
167,8 cm
= m: 6,0 cm
(5 ft 10
1,06 1
1,4%
(5 ft 6 in)
(2 / 2 in) f:
in)
6,1 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 2001

[72]

N/A

N/A

N/
30
A

1,7%

25-29 (SD =
159,1 cm
m: 6,7 cm
170,1 cm
b bin Ng
(5 ft
1,07 (2 1/ 2 in) f: 14,6%
(5 ft 7 in) 1
2 / 2in)
5.67 cm (2
in))

b bin Ng

T bo 1998

N/A

159,8 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 53,4%

(5 ft 3 in) A 1.600, SD =

19851987

[111]

[68]

24

f: 6.2 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

Jamaica

171,8 cm 160,8 cm
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,07 25-74
7 1 / 2in) 3 1 / 2in)

71,4%

19941996

[125]

Nht Bn

172 cm (5 158 cm (5
1,08 20-49
ft7 1 / 2 in) ft 2 in)

47,2%

2005

[70]

2004

[126]

2013

[127]

20-24 (N =
m: 1.708 f:
1559, SD =
1,08
7,2%
m: 5,42 cm (2
in) f: 5.30 cm
(2 in))

Nht Bn

172,0 cm 158,70
(5 ft
cm (5 ft
1
7 / 2in) 2 1 / 2in)

Nht Bn

170,7 cm 158,0 cm
1,08 17
(5 ft 7 in) (5 ft 2 in)

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Bc Triu
Tin

1,2%

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
158,2 cm
N / 4484, SD = f:
(5 ft
55,6%
A 6,6 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 2007

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,8 cm N / 1.600, SD =
53,7%
(5 ft 3 in) A f: 6,3 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 1999

[68]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,4 cm N /
4856, SD = f: 52,5%
(5 ft 3 in) A
7,3 cm (3))

T bo 2003

[68]

[128]

o tu, 20165,6 cm 154,9 cm

1,07 39 (N = m / f: 46,4%
(5 ft 5 in) (5 ft 1 in)
1075)

2005

25

Hn Quc

20 + (N = m:
2.750 f: 2445,
trung bnh =
m: 170,7 cm
(5 ft 7 in) f:
170,7 cm 157,4 cm
1,08 157,4 cm (5 96,5%
(5 ft 7 in) (5 ft 2 in)
ft 2 in), SD =
m: 6,40 cm
(2 1 /2 in) f:
5,99 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

2010

[129]

Hn Quc

20-24 (N =
m: 378 f:
298, trung
bnh = m:
173,5 cm
174,0 cm (5
160,4 cm
(5 ft
1,08 ft8 1 / 2 in) f: 8,0%
(5
ft
3
in)
8 1 / 2in)
160.5 cm (5
ft 3 in), SD =
m: 5.16 cm (2
in) f: 5,26 cm
(2 in))

2010

[129]

Hn Quc

173,7 cm
(5 ft
8 1 / 2in)

N/A

Lnh ngha
N / v, 18-19 (N
3,8%
A = m:
361.202)

2012

[130]

N/A

Lnh ngha
N/
v, 18-19 (N 0,8% [131]
A
= m: 68.268)

2012

[130]

174,2 cm
Hn Quc (5 ft
Seoul
8 1 / 2in)

Kyrgyzstan

N/A

Lesotho

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
158,0 cm N / 2.424, SD =
55,4%
(5 ft 2 in) A f: 5,8 cm
(2 1 / 2in))
157,6 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 49,8%
(5 ft 2 in) A 1.879, SD =
f: 6,7 cm

T bo 1997

[68]

T bo 2004

[68]

26

(2 1 / 2in))

Liberia

nc
Lithuania

N/A

177,2 cm
(5 ft 10
in)

178,4 cm
Lithuania -
(5 ft 10
th
in)

25-49 (N = f:
157,3 cm N / 4,281, SD =
52,8%
(5 ft 2 in) A f: 6.2 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

N/A

2005[132] [133]

N/A

Lnh ngha
v, 19-25 (N
N/
= m: 91 SD = 9,9%
A
m: 6,7 cm
(2 1/ 2 in))

2005[132] [133]

N/A

Lnh ngha
v, 19-25 (N
N/
= m: 106 SD 4,9%
A
= m: 5,9 cm
(2 1 / 2 in))

2005[132] [133]

2001

Lithuania Nng thn

nc
Lithuania

181,3 cm
167,5 cm
(5
1,08 18
(5 ft 6 in)
1
ft11 /2 in)

N/A

[68]

Lnh ngha
v, 19-25 (N
N/
= m: 197 SD 14,7%
A
= m: 6,3 cm
(2 1 / 2 in))

176,2 cm
(5 ft
9 1 / 2in)

Madagascar

T bo 2006

2.1%

25-49 (N = f:
154,3 cm
N / 5024, SD = f:
(5
53,6%
A 6,0 cm
ft 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

Malawi - 166 cm (5 155 cm (5 1,07 16-60 (N = 101,1%

th
ft5 1 / 2 in) ft 1 in)
m: 583 f:
315, SD = m:
6,0 cm
(2 1 / 2 in) f:

[134]

T bo 2003

[68]

[135]

2000

27

9,4 cm
(3 1/ 2 in))

Malaysia

Malay, 20-24
(N = m: 749
f: 893, trung
bnh = m: 166
cm (5
166,3 cm
154,7 cm
ft5 1 / 2in) f:
(5 ft
1,07
9,7% [136]
(5
ft
1
in)
155
cm
(5
ft
5 1 / 2in)
1 in), SD =
m: 6,46 cm
(2 1 / 2 in) f:
6.04 cm
(2 1 /2 in))

1996

[137]

Malaysia

Trung Quc,
20-24 (N =
m: 407 f:
453, trung
bnh = m: 169
168.5 cm
cm (5
158.1 cm
(5 ft
1,07 ft6 1 / 2 in) f: 4,1% [136]
(5 ft 2 in)
6 1 / 2in)
158 cm (5 ft
2 in), SD =
m: 6,98 cm
(2 1 /2 in) f:
6.72 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

1996

[137]

Malaysia

n , 20-24
(N = m: 113
f: 140, trung
bnh = m: 168
169,1 cm
cm (5 ft 6 in)
155,4 cm
(5 ft
1.09 f: 156 cm (5 1,2% [136]
(5 ft 1 in)
6 1 / 2in)
ft 1 1 / 2 in),
SD = m: 5,84
cm (2 1 / 2 in)
f: 6.18 cm
(2 1 /2 in))

1996

[137]

28

Malaysia

Khc bn a,
20-24 (N =
m: 257 f:
380, trung
bnh = m: 163
163,3 cm
151,9 cm
cm (5 ft 4 in)
(5 ft
1,08
0,4% [136]
(5
ft
0
in)
f: 152 cm (5
1
4 / 2in)
ft 0 in), SD =
m: 6,26 cm
(2 1 / 2trong) f:
5.95 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

1996

[137]

Mali Southern
Mali

Ngi ln
nng thn (N
171,3 cm
= m: 121 f:
160,4 cm
(5 ft
1,07 320, SD = m:
(5 ft 3 in)
7 1 / 2in)
6,6 cm
(2 1 / 2in) f:
5,7 cm (2 in))

1992

[138]

Malta

169,9 cm 159,9 cm
1,06 18+
(5 ft 7 in) (5 ft 3 in)

100,0%

T bo 2003

[139]

Malta

163.8 cm
175,2 cm
(5 ft
1,07 25-34
(5 ft 9 in) 1
4 / 2in)

17,5%

T bo 2003

[139]

Mexico

167 cm (5 154 cm (5
1,08 20-49
ft5 1 / 2 in) ft 1 / 2 in)

69,4%

2006

[70]

Mexico

169 cm (5 155 cm (5
1,08 20-24
ft6 1 / 2 in) ft 1 in)

14,5%

2006

[70]

Mexico

172 cm (5
ft7 1 / 2 in)

N/A

tng lp trung
N / lu v thng
A lu, ngi
ln tr

N/A

N/A

N/A

[140]

29

Mexico - Baj 172 cm (5

o
ft7 1 / 2 in)
Mexico Trung
Mexico Morelos

N / Ngi trng
A thnh

N/A

N/A

[141]

162 cm (5 N /
26-39
ft 4 in)
A

N/A

N/A

[141]

167 cm (5 155 cm (5
1,08 18-76
ft5 1 / 2 in) ft 1 in)

1,6% [142]

N/A

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
161.2 cm
N / 4757, SD = f:
(5 ft
45,9%
A 6.2 cm
3 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo

19981999

[143]

T bo 2005

[68]

2006

[144]

2011

[76]

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
158,5 cm
N / 10.334, SD =
(5 ft
54,7%
A f: 6,0 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1/ 2 in))

T bo 2003

[68]

Mozambique

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
156 cm (5
N
/
6912, SD = f:
FT1 1 / 2in
55,0%
A 6.2 cm
)
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 2003

[68]

Namibia

N/A

T bo 2006

[68]

Moldova

Mng C

N/A

168,4 cm
25-34 (N =
157,7 cm
(5 ft
1,07 m: 158 f:
(5 ft 2 in)
6 1 / 2in)
181)

27,6%

Hc sinh
tiUCG , 18168,4 cm
37 (N = m:
183,2 cm
Montenegro
(5 ft
1.09 178 f: 107, 3,2% [78]
(6 ft 0 in) 1
6 / 2in)
SD = m: 7,06
cm (3) f: 5,27
cm (2 in))

Morocco

160,7 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 50,4%

(5 ft
5575, SD = f:

30

3 1 / 2in)

A 7,1 cm (3))

25-49 (N = f:
150,8 cm
N / 6,280, SD =
(4
52,9%
A f: 5,5 cm (2
ft11 1 /2 in)
in))

T bo 2006

[68]

Da trng, 1618 [145] (N =

181 cm (5 169 cm (5
m: 37 f: 52,
nc H Lan
1,07
3,7% [146]
1
1
ft11 / 2in) ft6 / 2 in)
SD = m: 6 cm
(2 1 / 2 in) f: 5
cm (2 in))

2003

[147]

182,70
nc H Lan cm (6 ft 0
in)

7,8%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

96,8%

T bo 2010

[148] [61][81]

16,9%

T bo 2010

[148]

T bo 2009

[149]

56,9%

2007

[70]

9,1%

2007

[70]

Nepal

N/A

N/A

N/
30-34
A

180,8 cm
167,5 cm
nc H Lan (5 ft 11
1,08 20 +
(5 ft 6 in)
in)

nc H Lan

183,2 cm 169,9 cm
1,08 20-30
(6 ft 0 in) (5 ft 7 in)

21 (N = m:
183,8 cm
74 f: 50, SD
170,7 cm
nc H Lan (6
1,08 = m: 7,1 cm 1,5%
(5 ft 7 in)
ft 1 / 2in)
(3) f: 6,3 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

New Zealand

164 cm (5
177 cm (5
FT4 1 / 2in 1,08 20-49
ft9 1 / 2 in)
)

New Zealand 178 cm (5 164 cm (5 1.09 20-24

ft 10 in) FT4 1 / 2in

31

)
153,7 cm
N/
(5
25-49
A
1
ft / 2in)

54,1%

T bo 2001

Nigeria

163.8 cm
157,8 cm
(5 ft
1.04 18-74
(5 ft 2 in)
1
4 / 2in)

98,6%

19941996

[125]

Nigeria

20-29 (N =
m: 139 f: 76,
167,2 cm 160,3 cm
SD = m: 6,5
1.04
33,2%
(5 ft 6 in) (5 ft 3 in)
cm (2 1 / 2 in)
f: 5,7 cm (2
in))

2011

[150]

Na Uy

179,63
cm (5
ft10 1 /2 in)

8,5%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

Na Uy

180,3 cm
20-85 (N =
167 cm (5
(5 ft 11
1,08 m: 1534 f:
ft5 1 / 2 in)
in)
1743)

93,6%

T bo

20082009

[151] [61][81]

Na Uy

20-25 (SD =
182,4 cm 168 cm (5
m: 5,3 cm (2
1.09
9,5%
(6 ft 0 in) ft 6 in)
in) f: 6,5 cm
(2 1 / 2 in))

T bo

20082009

[151]

Na Uy

26-35 (SD =
181,6 cm
m: 6,3 cm
168,2 cm
(5
1,08 (2 1/ 2 in) f: 17,0%
(5 ft 6 in)
ft11 1 /2 in)
6,3 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo

20082009

[151]

2005

[152]

Nicaragua

Peru

N/A

N/A

N/
30-34
A

164 cm (5 151 cm (4 1.09 20 +

FT4 1 / 2in

93,8%

[68]

32

ft11 1 / 2in)

Philippines

161,9 cm 150.2 cm
(5 ft
(4 ft 11 1,08 20 +
1
3 / 2in) in)

92,7%

2003

[153]

Philippines

163,4 cm 151.7 cm
(5 ft
(4
1,08 20-39
1
1
4 / 2in) ft11 /2 in)

55,4%

2003

[153]

Ba Lan

178,7 cm
165,1 cm
18 (N = m:
(5
1,08
1,6%
(5
ft
5
in)
846 f: 1.126)
1
ft10 /2 in)

2010

[154]

173,9 cm
B o Nha (5 ft
8 1 / 2in)

N/A

N / 18 (N = m:
A 696)

1,5%

2008

[155] [64]

172,30
B o Nha cm (5 ft 8
in)

N/A

N/
30-34
A

9,7%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

56,7%

T bo 2001

[70]

T bo 2001

[72]

[156] [76]

B o Nha

171 cm (5 161 cm (5
1,06 20-50
ft7 1 / 2 in) ft3 1 / 2 in)

21 (N = m:
173,7 cm 163,7 cm
87 f: 106, SD
B o Nha (5 ft
(5 ft
1,06 = m: 8,2 cm 1,9%
8 1 / 2in) 4 1 / 2in)
(3) f: 5.3 cm
(2 in))

Qatar

Rwanda

161,1 cm
170,8 cm
(5 ft
1,06 18
(5 ft 7 in) 1
3 / 2in)
N/A

1,9%

157,7 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 54,2%

(5 ft 2 in) A 3.202, SD =

2005

T bo 2005

[68]

33

f: 6,5 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

Romania

172 cm (5 157 cm (5
1.10
ft7 1 / 2 in) ft 2 in)

Nga

177,2 cm 164,1 cm
(5 ft 10 (5 ft
1,08 24
1
in)
4 / 2in)

Samoa

N/A

Serbia

Singapore

N/A

1,9%

18-28 (N = f:
166,6 cm
N / 55 SD = f:
(5 ft
32,6%
A 6,5 cm
5 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

168,9 cm 156,3 cm
Rp Saudi (5 ft
(5 ft
1,08 18
6 1 / 2in) 1 1 / 2in)

Senegal

N/A

3,0%

25-49 (N = f:
163 cm (5 N / 2533, SD = f:
54,4%
ft 4 in)
A 6,7 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

2007

[157]

2004

[158] [76]

2004

[159]

2010

[160] [76]

T bo 2005

[68]

2012

[162]

171 cm (5 160 cm (5 1,07 Sinh vin

0,3% [164][165] o
1
ft7 / 2 in) ft 3 in)
Trung Quc
ti TP , 1618[163] (N =
m: 52 f: 49,
SD = m: 6 cm

2003

[147]

N/A

Hc sinh
tiUNS , 1830 (N = m:
182,0 cm 166,8 cm
318 f: 76, SD
(5
(5 ft
1.09
0,7% [161]
= m: 6,74 cm
1
1
ft11 /2 in) 5 / 2in)
(2 1 /2 in) f:
5.88 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

34

(2 1 /2 in) f: 5
cm (2 in))

Slovakia

179,4 cm
165,6 cm
(5
1,08 18
(5 ft 5 in)
ft10 1 /2 in)

2,0%

2004

[166]

Slovenia Ljubljana

180,3 cm
167,4 cm
(5 ft 11
1,08 19
(5 ft 6 in)
in)

0,2% [167]

2011

[168]

Nam Phi

168 cm (5 159 cm (5
19 (N = m:
1,06
1
ft 6 in)
ft2 / 2 in)
121 f: 118)

3,6%

2003

[169]

Sri Lanka

18+ (N = m:
1.768 f: 2709,
163,6 cm 151,4 cm
SD = m: 6,9
(5 ft
(4
1,08
100,0%
cm (2 1 / 2 in)
1
1
4 / 2in) ft11 /2 in)
f: 6.4 cm
(2 1/ 2 in))

20052006

[170]

Sri Lanka

18-29 (N =
m: 312 f:
154,0 cm
165,6 cm
427, SD = m:
(5
1,08
30,7%
(5 ft 5 in) 1
7,1 cm (3) f:
ft / 2in)
5,9 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

20052006

[170]

18-70 (N =
N/
m: 1298 [171] 88,2%
A [172]
)

20132014

[173][174][175]

159,6 cm N / 18-70 (N = f:
83,5%
(5 ft 3 in) A 8217 [176][177] )

20072008

[173][177][172] [81]

173,1 cm
Ty Ban Nha
(5 ft 8 in)

Ty Ban Nha

N/A

Ty Ban Nha 175,3 cm

(5 ft 9 in)

N/A

N/A

N / 18-34 (N =
A m: 554-

26,8%

20132014

[173][174][175]

35

1,061[178] [172] )

Ty Ban Nha

N/A

175,30
Ty Ban Nha cm (5 ft 9
in)

162,6 cm N / 18-19 (N = f:
2,4%
(5 ft 4 in) A 656 [179][177] )

20072008

[173][177][172]

N/
30-34
A

11,1%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

Ty Ban Nha

174 cm (5 163 cm (5
1,07 20-49
ft8 1 / 2 in) ft 4 in)

57,0%

T bo 2007

[70]

Ty Ban Nha

176 cm (5 166 cm (5
1,06 20-24
ft9 1 / 2 in) ft5 1 / 2 in)

7,5%

T bo 2007

[70]

21 (N = m:
111 f: 94, SD
166,2 cm
178 cm (5
= m: 6,9 cm
Ty Ban Nha
(5 ft
1,07 1
1,8%
ft 10 in)
(2 / 2 in) f:
5 1 / 2in)
6.2 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

T bo 2001

[72]

T bo 2006

[68]

Swaziland

N/A

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,1 cm
N / 2612, SD = f:
(5 ft
51,0%
A 6,3 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

Thy in

181,5 cm 166,8 cm
(5
(5 ft
1.09 20-29
ft11 1 /2 in) 5 1 / 2in)

15,6%

2008

[180]

Thy in

180,4 cm
(5 ft 11
in)

8,0%

c
tnh

2010

[71]

86,3%

T bo 1987-

Thy in

N/A

N/
30
A

177,9 cm 164,6 cm 1,08 20-74

(5 ft 10

[181]

36

in)

(5 ft 5 in)

1994
Lnh ngha
v, 19 (N =
m: 12.447,
N / trung bnh =
1,5%
A m: 178,0 cm
(5 ft 10 in),
SD = m: 6,52
cm (2 1 / 2in))

Thy s

178,2 cm
(5 ft 10
in)

Thy s

164 cm (5
175,4 cm
FT4 1 / 2in 1,07 20-74
(5 ft 9 in)
)

i Loan

171,4 cm
159,9 cm
17 (N = m:
(5 ft
1,07
(5
ft
3
in)
200 f: 200)
7 1 / 2in)

Tanzania

nc Thi
Lan

N/A

N/A

2009

[182]

88,8%

T bo

19871994

[181]

1,7%

2011

[183] [184][185]

25-49 (N = f:
156,6 cm
N / 6033, SD = f:
(5 ft
52,8%
A 6,5 cm
1
1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

STOU sinh
vin, 15-19
(N = m: 839
170,3 cm 159 cm (5
f: 1,636, SD
1,07
0,2% [186]
(5 ft 7 in) ft2 1 / 2 in)
= m: 6,3 cm
(2 1/ 2 in) f:
5,9 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,0 cm
N / 2728, SD = f:
(5 ft
53,4%
A 6,1 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))

xe nh c hai 176,1 cm 165,3 cm 1,07 40 (N = m:

1,5%

T bo 2004

[68]

T bo 2005

[187]

T bo 1998

[68]

[188]

2001

37

bnh n

(5 ft
9 1 / 2in)

g ty

173,6 cm 161,9 cm
20-22 (N =
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,07 m: 322 f:
8 1 / 2in) 3 1 / 2in)
247)

(5 ft 5 in)

241 f: 299)

2007

[189] [76][64]

18-59 (N =
m: 703 f:
512, trung
bnh = m:
169,7 cm (5
174,1 cm 158,9 cm
Th Nh K ft 7 in) f:
(5 ft
(5 ft
1.10
5,1% [190]
Ankara
157,5
cm
(5
8 1 / 2in) 2 1 / 2in)
ft 2 in), SD =
m: 6,9 cm
(2 1 / 2in) f :
6,4 cm
(2 1 / 2 in))

20042006

[191]

18-29 (N =
m: 390 f:
163, trung
bnh = m:
176,1 cm
173,9 cm (5
Th Nh K 162 cm (5
(5 ft
1.09 ft8 1 / 2 in) f: 2,0% [190]
Ankara
ft
4
in)
9 1 / 2in)
164,5 cm (5
ft 5 in), SD =
m: 6,3 cm
(2 1/ 2 ti ) f:
7.0 cm (3))

20042006

[191]

g ty

N/A

Uganda

N/A

8,3%

25-49 (N = f:
156,4 cm
N / 2.393, SD =
(5 ft
54,5%
A f: 5,6 cm (2
1 1 / 2in)
in))
159,2 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 53,4%
(5 ft
A 1.666, SD =
2 1 / 2in)
f: 6,5 cm

T bo 2003

[68]

T bo 2006

[68]

38

(2 1 / 2in))
cc Tiu
173,4 cm 156,4 cm
Vng Quc
(5 ft
(5 ft
1.11
Rp Thng 1
8 / 2in) 1 1 / 2in)
Nht

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

[192]

Anh - Anh

161,9 cm
16+ (N = m:
175,3 cm
(5 ft
1,08 3.154 f:
103,2% [193] o
(5 ft 9 in) 1
3 / 2in)
3956)

2012

[55]

Anh - Anh

177,8 cm
25-34 (N =
164,5 cm
(5 ft 10
1,08 m: 415 f:
(5 ft 5 in)
in)
611)

2012

[55]

16+ (N = m:
2.512 f: 3180,
161,3 cm
trung bnh =
Anh - Scotla 175,0 cm
(5 ft
1,08 m: 174,8 cm 103,0% [193] o
nd
(5 ft 9 in) 1
3 / 2in)
(5 ft 9 in) f:
161.2 cm (5
ft 3 1 / 2 in))

2008

[194]

25-34 (N =
m: 286 f:
413, trung
178,2 cm 163,5 cm
Anh - Scotla
bnh = m:
(5 ft 10 (5 ft
1.09
15,7% [193]
nd
178,0 cm (5
1
in)
4 / 2in)
ft 10 in) f:
163,9 cm (5
FT4 1 / 2 in))

2008

[194]

103,2% [193] T bo 2009

[195]

177,0 cm
162,0 cm
Anh - Wales (5 ft
1.09 16+
(5 ft 4 in)
9 1 / 2in)
M

17,2% [193]

175,9 cm 162,1 cm 1.09 Tt c ngi 96,2%

(5 ft
(5 ft 4 in)
M, 20 + (N
9 1 / 2in)
= m: 5647 f:

20072010

[196]

39

5971, trung
bnh = m:
176,1 cm (5
ft9 1 / 2 in) f:
162,1 cm (5
ft 4 in))

Tt c ngi
M, 20-29 (N
= m: 895 f:
176,3 cm
980, trung
163,1 cm
(5 ft
1.09 bnh = m:
18,3%
(5 ft 4 in)
9 1 / 2in)
176,3 cm (5
ft9 1 / 2 in) f:
162,9 cm (5
ft 4 in))

20072010

[196]

Ngi M
gc Phi, 2039 (N = m:
356 f: 397,
176,9 cm 163,7 cm
trung bnh =
(5 ft
(5 ft
1.09
4,7% [197]
m:
176,4
cm
9 1 / 2in) 4 1 / 2in)
(5 ft9 1 / 2 in)
f: 163,5 cm
(5
FT4 1 / 2 in))

20072010

[196]

Ty Ban
Nha / La-tinh
M, 20-39 (N
= m: 573 f:
171,1 cm 158,2 cm
673, trung
(5 ft
(5 ft
1,08
6,2% [197]
bnh
=
m:
7 1 / 2in) 2 1 / 2in)
170,9 cm (5
ft7 1 / 2 in) f:
157,9 cm (5
ft 2 in))

20072010

[196]

178,4 cm 164,9 cm 1.09 Ngi M da 22,5% [197]

(5 ft 10 (5 ft 5 in)
trng khng
in)
Ty Ban Nha,

20072010

[196]

40

20-39 (N =
m: 797 f:
824, trung
bnh = m:
178,2 cm (5
ft 10 in) f:
164,8 cm (5
ft 5 in))

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Ngi ln (N
170 cm (5 158 cm (5
1,08 = m: 2,249 f:
ft 7 in)
ft 2 in)
2114)

N/A

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
159,9 cm N / 2.635, SD =
54,6%
(5 ft 3 in) A f: 6,1 cm
(2 1 / 2in))

1990

T bo 1996

[198]

[68]

Vit Nam

25-29 (SD =
162,1 cm 152,2 cm
m: 5,39 cm (2
1,07
15,9%
(5 ft 4 in) (5 ft 0 in)
in) f: 5,39 cm
(2 in))

19921993

[111]

Vit Nam

Hc sinh, 2025 (N = m:
1000 f: 1000,
165,7 cm 155,2 cm
1,07 SD = m: 6,55 2,0% [199]
(5 ft 5 in) (5 ft 1 in)
cm (2 1 / 2 in)
f: 5,32 cm (2
in))

20062007

[200]

Zambia

N/A

Zimbabwe

N/A

25-49 (N = f:
158,5 cm
N / 4091, SD = f:
(5 ft
54,2%
A 6,5 cm
2 1 / 2in)
(2 1 / 2in))
160,3 cm N / 25-49 (N = f: 47,3%
(5 ft 3 in) A 4.746, SD =
f: 6.2 cm

T bo 2007

[68]

T bo 2005

[68]

41

(2 1 / 2in))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_height

8.Ph lc

http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/doi-song/203569/diem-danh-cac-nhan-to-quyet-dinh-chieu-caocua-con.html

Chiu cao nam vi tui: http://thethaoola.com/tin-tuc-su-kien/tin-tuc-moi/du-doan-tuoitho-cua-nam-gioi-dua-vao-chieu-cao.html

Chiu cao n vi tui: https://khoahoc.tv/chieu-cao-anh-huong-den-tuoi-tho-41253

42

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10.Lin kt ngoi

46

1.CDC National Center for Health Statistics: Growth Charts of American Percentiles
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5.European Heights in the Early eighteenth Century
(http://epub.ub.unimuenchen.de/572/1/european_heights_in_the_early_18th_century.pdf)
6.Spatial Convergence in Height in East-Central Europe, 18901910 (http://epub.ub.unimuenchen.de/1358/1/bc_dp.pdf)
7.The Biological Standard of Living in Europe During the Last Two Millennia (http://www.unituebingen.de/uni/wwl/koepke%20baten%20two%20millennia.pdf)
8.HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN THE PREINDUSTRIAL ERA: INSIGHTS FROM A
MILLENNIUM OF AVERAGE HEIGHTS IN NORTHERN EUROPE (http://www.j-bradforddelong.net/articles_of_the_month/pdf/w8542.pdf)
9.Our World In Data Human Height (http://ourworldindata.org/data/food-agriculture/humanheight/) Visualizations of how human height around the world has changed historically (by Max
Roser). Charts for all countries, world maps, and links to more data sources
10.What Has Happened to the Quality of Life in the Advanced Industrialized Nations?
(http://web.econ.ohiostate.edu/rsteckel/VITA/2004%20Historical%20Perspective%20on%20the
%20Std%20of%20Living...What%20has%20happened%20to%20the%20quality%20of
%20life...pdf)
11.A century of trends in adult human height, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC),
DOI:10.7554/eLife.13410, 25 July 2016 (http://lens.elifesciences.org/13410/index.html?
_ga=1.152382713.1764579718.1469517364#content/figure_reference_10)

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