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SOCIEY F LANDSCAPE ARCHITEGTS
LAM
78 INTERVIEW
4 0ving Cats
Robert Inglis, a six-term former Republican
congressman trom Soulh Carolina, believes
climale change is real and caused by humans.
Now , in privale life, he's Irying 10 show Americans
Ihe absurdilies ot Iheir aUachmenllo tossil tuels
and suggesl free-markel Solulions.
BY ARTHUR ALLEN
28 LANO MATTERS
34 LETTERS
FOREGROUND
42 NOW
9
Forests seem not to be the best place for

the disposal of hydrofracturing fluid waste;
Detroit's downtown gels a jump from an energy
company's headquarlers; exhaust t owers in
Singapore are crawling with life; and more.
EOITEO BY UNOA MCINTYRE
64 SPECIES
After several recent floods, a look at trees that
can stand wet feet; a gander al gooseberries,
those fruils of envy; and planting in elu sive
shades of "black."
BY CONSTANCE CASEY
WATER
Take It Downhill
A redevelopmenl projecl in SeaUle includes
plan ning tor Ihe cily's largesl green intraslruclure
proJet yet. BeUer days are ahead tor Lake Union.
BY LlSA OWENS VIANI
102 GOO OS
On Fire
With colder weat her coming , we've found several
well- designed ways to keep warm ouldoors.
BY Ll SA SPECKHAR DT
11 PARKS
Safer Parks After Dark

Park managers rely on night lighting to protect
people from crime and extend a park's hours of
use. Dark- sky advocates see the stars washing
away , But new LED tech nolog ies are coming
closer 10 making everyone happier.
BY PETER HARNIK, ASLA; RYAN OONAHUE;
ANO JOROAN THAlER
10 I LANOSCAPEARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV2011
. ._. ~u//////~
. ; ~I'..
WESTE RN
PRAGMATI SM
M
-
||
)
|
|L
M
-
E
-A
...
- CHRIS REED DF STOSS LANDSCAPE
Lango Hansen Landscape Architecture

turns a parking lot into a cool new courtyard
as part 01 the upgrading 01 a dowdy old motel
in Portland, Oregon
BY MARK HIN5HAW
UR ANISM
P. 140
THE BACK
FEATURES
128 DAY5 INN, DAY5 OUT
"
176
PRACCE
Stitches in Time and Place

Two young designers joined the main office
01 Sasaki Associates and launched an urban
research project that is reso unding in t he ways
the firm addresses the design 01 cit ies.
BY ERNE5T BECK
134 NATURE CALL5

188 BOOK5
A complex renovation at Longwood Gardens
near Philadelphia creates more than a dozen
new public restrooms and two astonish ing
green walls ,
BY NICOLE NEDER, A550CI ATE A5LA
220 DI5PLAY AO INDEX
222 BUYER'S GUIDE INDEX
140 50INCUNED
Jim Schm itt. the amb itious mayor 01 Green
Bay, Wisconsin. was looking decades in to the
l uture when he comm issioned Stoss Landscape
Urbanism to remake three blocks of publ ic
waterfront into t he intriguing. angular CityDeck
BY ADAM REGN ARVID50N, FASLA
235 FORWARD
Research Priorities
An agenda for research at the nationallevel would
bring coherence and authority to the pursuit of
new knowledge in landscape architecture.
BY KU RT D. CULBERT50N, FA5LA
154 A POND WOULD BE PERFECT

WEZM
guv
@
-
Michael Vergason. FASLA. was quite content to let

a farmstead in Pennsylvania become simply more
01 itself. which meant one major addition- and it
became the l ife 01 t he place.
BY ANNE RAVER
LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011/11
Street
\oJ araen
+urnlture
j:Qcfassc
USA@royalbotania.net. 394 Broa dw'. New York. NY 10013. 1-212.8129852. www.royalbotan ia.com/us
THE POWER OF LOGISTICS

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f'TIiI'.::a ril"ITll~' !I:'1I1 lfrL-!:lf: lfl[l(..'!I'
aurorafght
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
MAGAZINE
ASLA BOARD OF TRUSTEES

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ONHE
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T he CityDec l< in
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b y Stoss L andscape
U banism page 140 .
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20/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZIN E NOV 2011
NA: NALSTUOENT
REPRESENTATIVE
Ryan SOllrakis. Student ASLA
PARLIAMENTARIAN
Donald W. L lie. FASLA
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LAND MATTERS
BARRELS
OF LAUG S
A
fte
a
l sp
el
Wa
shing
ton
D. C., in the middle of August and during

all of September. 1 started looking for a rain barrel to hook
up to a downspout on my house. My jurisdiction, the District
ofColumb like some others , will give me a rain barrel or
reimburse me up to $100 for one 1 buy myself It's part ofthe
RiverSmart Homes program sponsored by the people at the
District's Department of the Enronment who are ying to
cut the city's storm runoffinto creeks and rivers. They're also
encouraging propey owners to plant trees and install permeable paving systems and rain gardens. This is all good news.
WHY LEAVE THE DESIGN OF OUTDOOR

PRODUCTS TO OTHERS? LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTS COULD OWN THAT WORK.
The problem is, the rain barrels approved by the progr like
le ones I've seen for sale elsewhere, are all ugl A friend of
mine who was taking pt in the RiverSmart program saw
the rain barrels and asked whether they were supposed to
be buried underground. He's not a design ly he said, but
his wife does have taste, and there is no way she would allow
one of those things anywhere near their house in plain sight.
1 thought, for free or for a rebate, how bad can they be? So 1
looked. The nicest barrel, speaking generously here, tries to
pass for a 60-gallon tea a fiowerpot-without fiowers.
One ofthe reallosers holds 275 gallons and looks like a suspicious packagit's a white tank with a steel cage around i t.
lfwe pect people to use this stuff where they li we need
much better designs. Here's a hint to get you started: A rain
barrel is simple; it involves injection-molded plastic and not
much more. It doesn't even have to be a barrel.
The design problem extends to a lot of manufactured things
you see outside. The kinds of park benches tha t most cities
can afford seem to come in about three varieties, two of them
from the age of Dickens- wrought iron, if you're lucky, and
wood slats. The nearest 1hting signposts, and trash cans
are likely from the sne gene pool. They make evely place
28/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV 201 1
you go feel the same as every other place, but of course city
governments are usually after the lowest qualified bids if they
c buy anything at al l.
There :e mpanies (yes, some are LAM advertisers) that hire
great landscape chitects toeate intrigng new kinds ofsite
furnishings , like the Maggie bench that Gustafson Guthrie

Nichol designed for undscape Forms. But as often as not, it
seems, the outdoor designs come from interior designers or
product desigr[s. Two ofthe most heavily promoted lines of
outdoor site furniture I've seen recently are designed by chi
tets whih is not surprising. 0o Wagner, after all, was an architect and urban planner who:reated one of modern histos
most memorable chairs. And then there were Gerrit Rietveld,
Marcel Breuer, Eero Saarinen, and the list of architects goes on.
Allison Arieff said someing hilarious last year in her New

rk Times blog about designers' having realized the need to
stop reinventing not e wheel, but the chair. Indoors, that is
so true. But outside 1 see no glut of original product designs ,
despite eir being easier than ever to fabricate through the
powers of rapid prototyping and computer-aided manufacturing. A plaza bench or ht standard design has a lot of
interes19 problems to solve. lt has to withstand water, ultraviolet rayseezing thawing, graffiti, and bd droppings.
This is practically automotive design. Is it a coincidence 1at
one of the cooler outdoor lamps for sale today is:reated bya
division ofBMW?
A lot oflandscape architects wo n' t touch product design, but
for those who will , there's a potential mint to be made, if you're
up for that sort of thing. (Hey, recent gradslooking for work?)
There's no reason for us to sele for the same old benches and
lights and reall truly horrible rain barrels. If something can
be designed badly, it can also be designed well.
9y~
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AlI Rigl"NOd
LAM /
LETTERS
ON TH E ROAD
T hME and m Sorvig
for publidzing in glorious color

and great writing the critical role o[
landscape architects in e planning
and design o[ our transportation
onidors. The artide's title, "35 ,000
Transplants" (Aul$t) however, is
misleading, since the bull ofthemost
important work was in the gennely
ntext-sensitive design ofthe road's
a1ignment and grading that was led
by the project landscape architects.
It was encouraging to read how a11of
the design professionals developed a
truly collaborative relationship in arriving at this most attra.tive solution.
surnmers. Under his guidance, 1was

given the opportunitydo the design and grading plan [or a couple o[
the last few turnouts a10ng the Blue
Ridge Parkway near its entrance to
the park. One of my best memories
is of Bill standing nose to nose with
the Bureau ofPublic Roads engineers
a10ng a road "P" line to arle successfully [or an alignment change on
behalf of the park's landscape.
1 hope that LAM and other generalinterest publications will feature
more o[ these kinds of examples so
that the public w appreciate the
truly broad scope o[ our profession.
We oldmers are well aware of our

profession's legacy in roadway plan- KENTWAT50N , FA5LA
ning and design. le 50-mile-long MI5S0ULA. MONTANA
Going-to-the-Sun Road (1924-1932)
in Glacier National Park, Montana,
and the 469-mile-Iong Blue Ridge
Parkway (1935- 1987) in Virginia and
North Carolina are but two prime
amples. 1, [or one, had the great [ortune to leam about "land[orm grading" from one of its rly mastersCORRECTIONS
R. A. "B1" Wilhelm, then the park
landscape aritect in Great Smoky
ln the October ssue , the 20II
ASLA Pro[essional Awards arMountains National Park in the late
1950s. 1 was one of the student astide listed the inorrect Design
Workshop Inc. office [or th ree
sistant landscape architects under
award winner-Snake Rver ReBill's tutelage for three consecutive
trt Galisteo Modern, and South
Grand Boulevard "Great Streets
lnitiative." lt should have been the
Aspen, Coloradoce
A book briefin the October issue
misstated e length of time lat
the authoT, Charlotte M. Frieze,
FASLA, worked for Hose<<<:Gar
den magazine. It was nine years ,
not 15 yeS
341 LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE
NOV 2011
MORE ON PHILLY'S
STORMWATER STRATEGY
Iwas y
BEYOND POLl TICS

IMd stian Wiler
the editor in September's issue

very troubling. At first 1 cou1dn't
understand why you chose to
publish a willfully narrow-minded
political harangue that assaults
many of the professional princples of ASLA and the urrent
practice oflandscape architecture.
A rebuttal of Wiles's specific assertions would reqre aU of the
pages of the magazine. 1 simply
wish state that the practice of
landscape architecture can and
should transcend politics. We
possess a unique set of skills d
Imowledge that can be and is beingused help guide the e1
use and appreciation of the land
d its resources. Wh ether we
"believe" in global warming or
not, se for le status qu o is
sirnply neglnt. The politicization and monetization of global
waning encourages its esca1 ating ravages by diding our efforts.
Thank yo u [or publish ing that

leer. 1 now feel the urgency and
necessity of ASLA's advocacye ffod le integral role 1 have
in fonning a vibrant, healthy, and
uitable American habitat.
5ARAH RICHAR05EN,
A550CIATE A5LA
AN NAPOLIS. MARYLANO
intrigued by the
Philadelphia versus Washington, D.C., story comparing their
respectve green versgrayap
proaches to stormwater infrastructure ("Green City, GrayCity,"
September). le EPA' s potential
approval ofthe Philadelphia Iandscape as infrastructure strategy
can prove to be a major coup for
landscape archects. It would be
fantastic if the mics regardi
not only the financal costs but
a1so the environmental consequenes of each approach could
be docurnented. The consuction
of a landscape at grade that sequesters carbon dio x:ide through
vegetation, measured against the
transport and production factors
o[ excavated soil and the [orming of concrete alone, mt have
entirely oppositional [ootprints.
1 hope LAM follows up with the

EPA's decision once
it' s available, along with a multiyear tracking o[ the dif[erences
between these t\vo approaches.
rests ofthe
AU55A NORTH , A5LA

TORONTO, CANADA
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@asla.orgor send via U.S. mail to
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FOREGROUND
NOTES ANO REPORTS FROM THE FIELO
The disposal of hydrofraclunng flUlds from
natural-gas dnlhng seems to pose a threat
to deciduous forests; an energy company
makes a very greganous landscape overe
in downtown Delroil; a new argument
emerges over plants and nativism; and
salaries for recenl landscape architecture
graduates are up in NOW. Some trees
withsland flooding betler than olhers;
gooseberries inspire obsession; and there
is a mournful ar t of planting a black garden
in SPECIES. Bob Inglis , a six-term House
Republican , ou tlines Ihe conservalive case
for heeding climale change in INTE RVIEW.
Seattle plans a new neighborhood-scale
approach 10 storm flows in WATER. We've
found several ways 10 warm by an outdoor
flre In GOOos. And there are more sensitive
ways to hght up the night in PARKS.
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FOREGRo/ NOW
CANARY IN A FRACKING FIELD

and the author ofthe report. Within
a week, trees on the site began show.
ing similar symptoms: They had
scorched, curled, or wilted foliage
and significant dropping ofleaves.
42/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 201 1
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Oamage to foliage was

very soon
afte the application
appa ent
INSET
8eech trees on the

site suffered the most
damage , with barl<
sloughing and many
deaths.
TOP
An article published earlier this

year in the Journal of Environmental Quality ("Land Application of
Hydrofracturing Fluids Damages
a Deciduous Forest Stand in West
Virginia," vo l. 40, no. 4 , July 20II)
described how researchers from
the U.S. Forest Service's Northem
Research Station tracked the impact of the spreading of more than
300 , 000 liters of hydrofracturing
fluids over a one-third-acre tract of
s nat gas production by

hydrofracturing , or "acking"
ramps up to meet energy demands,
a lot of concem has been expressed
about the process's impact on water
quality. A new study raises a less
familiar concem about fracking: lt
suggests that one method used for
disposing of its liquid by-product can
seriously damage forests.
Contact lmcinlyre @as la.org

@Unda Mc on Twitter.
UV
8Y LI NDA MCINTYRE , EO ITOR OF NOW
HYDROFRACTURING FLUID
MAY HARM FORESTS.
The agency's scientists elected to

monitor the site as a case study. They
took regular soil samples over two
years and analyzed them alongside
samples from adjacent forest areas
with similar vegetation on which
the flds had not been applied. Two
years after le fld was applied, 56
percent of the b'ees in the affected
area were dead. In a nearby reference area, only 1.3 percent of trees
died each year on average. The pa
FdM
m-wu
m P m n HU EAhvAY
n tern of symptoms suggested that
-mr
both direct contact with the hydrofracturing fluid and uptake o[
This study wasn't planned or de- those chemicals by plants' roots had
signed. A!though the [ederal govem- caused the damage.
ment 01S the land at Femow, the
mineral rhts stayed with the origi- Soil tests suggested the fluid released
nal owner and are leased by a gas at Femow was high in salts such as
exploration company. The disposal sodium and calcium chlorides (its
of drilling and hydrofracturing flu- exact composition is proprietary).
ids on is site was part of the legal For almost a year after the fluid was
operation of a gas well in the forest released, the concentration of sodium and chloride in the top IO inches
The disposal on land of hydrofrac- of the so remained significantly
turing fluids is allowed in West Vir- higher in soils where the [racking
ga and some other states , with fluid was sprayed. The study also
a permi t. But what happened at showed an increase in the pH ofthe
Femow may give regulators pause. soil over time, which was not found
Immediately after the application in the nearby reference plot
of the fluids in June 2 008, Forest
Service field staff saw herbaceous Two years in, most of the sodium
plants, even ext
r
em
lely tou
gh sp
e and chloride had leached out. Many

le
s such asg
reenbrie
r (
Smila ro plants, such as greenbrier, blueberries, and sassaas had regenerated
tn
di
folia
) sta
rt to brown off an
die. Within a few days , almost IOO from seeds embedded in the soil,
percent o[ the understory vegetation assisted by the much greater levels
was dead. "It was sh19 to see it o[ sunlight brought about by the
die so quikly" says Mary Beth Ad- damage or death of the canopy b'ees.
ams, a Forest Service soil scientist Rhododendrons and mountain ~
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FOREGRo/ NOW
laurels, however, have not regenerated.

"We're not sure why," says Adams.
Without appropriate prentdata
and working wi lirnited resources,
researchers cou1dn't delve into all e
aspects of the ecological damage. But
einfonation ey did publish made
a big splash, in part because, as the Forest Service team found out after the inddent at Femow, there's almost no published research on the impact of natural
gas exploration on forests, despite le
aggressive grow of hydrofracturing
in the big Marcellus shale beds running through New York, PennsylvaIa
West Virginia, and Ohio, which "came
as quite a shock to us ," says Adams.
Publishing the effects of the Femow
incident is helping to l at gap, as
will a new line of research the Forest
Selvi.e has established on the effects of
energy development on forests.
44/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
THERE'S ALMOST NO PUBLISHED

RESEARCH ON HE IMPACT
OF NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION
ON FORESTS.
20
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A more detailed account ofthe research

is provided in a 20II Forest Service
report, "Effts of Development of a
Natural Gas Well and Associated Pipeline on the Natural and Scientific Resources of the Fernow Expelimental
Forest," for which Adams was the lead
author (GeneraL TechnicaL Report NRS76, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania:
U.S. DepartmentofAgriu1ture Forest
Service, Northem Research Station).
One recommendation found in both
the 1'eport and the journal artide is to
consider a dose-based standard when
disposing ofad19 fluid on land rather than the concenon-based standard used fo 1' the Femow penit. The
concentration-based standa1'd merely
lirnited the concentration of certain
chernicals p 1'esent in the fluid when
it was released from the hose without
considering how much fluid was being
applied in a specific area. A dose-based
standard wou1d limit the amolt of
a substance applied per acre just as
farme 1's do when they apply fertilizer. 0
BELOW
The Fernow
Experimental Forest
is located in north
central West Virginia.
'_..
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L AN D5CAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV2011 / 45
FOREGRo/ NOW
LEFT
The DTE campus site

in down town Detroit
used to consist mostly
of surface parking.
BEYON D
RUIN PORN
texte even during the long Michigan winters
The landscape architects of the plaza, Grissirn
Metz Andriese Associates, worked with both executives' sensibilities and a complex underground
labyrinth of utility and security infrastructure that
limits png options.
Instead, DTE Energy sold off 25 dingy acres-used mostly for surface
doing better an you might think parking- to a casino developer and
if all you've seen are the artsy pho- used the money to make over its intos of its abandoned buildings. The door and outdr spaces- improving
sluggish economy hasn't driven ev- the nnection between the two and
eryone out, and some people and adding nine acres of new green space.
mstitut lO ns are even rampmg up
eir investrnent here.
Visitors used to approach the headquarters through a pking lot, but toThere is, for exnple DTE Energy. y eyenter 1I0Ugh a plaza ded<ed
DTE is a national Fortune 500 com- with greene and water. Pavers are
pany with more an $8 billion in an- laid in high-contrast stpes and the
nual revenue. The company's down- fountain mutes the sound of traffic.
town headquarters consnesseveral
city blocks , combinirlg pale yellow- It's a pretty standard high-end corbrick buildings from the 1920S with porate landscap - a lot of lawn, an
a dark glass tower in the Miesian irnpressive fountain, and ponds lined
style. Its holdings lie well beyond the by river stone that provide interes19
"We've changed 0 practice a lot over the last

few years and are doing a lot more natural-style
planting," says principal Randy Metz, FASLA. He
notes at not all clients have embraced the lessmanicured aesthetic, and that, in any case, nine
acres of new green space is a big improvement
over nine acres of parking.
A 5IGN OF RENEWED
ENERGY I N DETROIT.
h E Past
De
w s ha
v
tough for Detroit, but the city is
Nt to the entry plaza, a garden space with planted mounds and cirding paths provides a space for
employees to bum some calories or dear their
heads. The mounds , of varying heigh werebuilt
up with soil and concrete debris from sitework.
Curvypaths r scores ofrculation options and
eate an eye-catching riew that really pops from
the ces above.
Both the garden and the en plaza are fenced for

security, but throughout le stences are l
zagOOL

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uozcu
53@
gas and electric utilities that serve

southeastem Michigan, so the company diit have to stay downtown
when its leaders decided to upgrade
their facilities. But moving away from
Detroit was not on the table.
FOREGRo/ NOW
COMPANIES ARE LEAVING THE

SUBURBS o SET UP SHOP
DOWN OWN J AND SOME OF THEIR
EMPLOYEES ARE FOLLOWING .
'7 installed in raised planting beds and are mostly
hidden by vegetation, avoiding e sense of its

bei an urban bunker. Walled edges along busy
roads are f with "windows" of varying sizes
and planted with Boston ivy, making them look
more like hedges when the vines are leafed out.
"1 wish we could have made the site more open,
but utilities have to deal with a lot of homeland
serity issues," says Metz.
Thecampus "backyard" includes a small patio
area surrounded bya noise-muffiing grassy berm.
Umbrellas will shade the tables and chairs here
until the trees 1 out more. Perennial plan19S
nearby attract butterflies as well as people. This
relatively secluded space is 0et by a sunken amphitheater that the company uses for receptions
and parties. Both features have been popular with
employees and visitors.
not only e there grocery stores in

city, there's even a Whole Foods
on leway.
The DTE Energy campus doesn't

play into either of the simplistic
narratives at seem to drive most
Detroit-related news: the blighted,
deserted manufacturing city or the
mecca for afty tattooed hipsters
hoping to start an urban farm. Seeing
plan19S water, thoughJ.l design
details, and people outside enjoying
their lunch break might not be a big
"For the rst time in a very long time, I'm see- deal in some downtown cores. But
ing lots of foot trac downtown," Jim Bieri, a in car-mad, concrete-riddled, somereal estate exeutive told the Detroit News in late times luckless Detroi t, it is. It's also
August And contrary to a persistent urban m a hopeful sign of things to me. O
48/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZIN E NOV 201 1
ABOVE
A new glass -font enty

creates a str n ger link
between the building
and the landscape.
zad
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This project isn't an isolated case of good news.

New restaurants and coee shops are drawing
suburbanites as well as neighbors. Campus Martius Park is thriving (see "Miracle on Woodward
Avenue," LAM, November 2oo6). Other companies, including Quicken Loans and Blue Cross
Blue Shield ofMichigan, are leaving the suburbs
to set up shop downtown , and some of their
employees are following. Scott Simons, a DTE
commllcations manager with whom 1 spoke,
was preparing to move from a prosperous suburb
to a downtown 10ft
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FOREGROUND /
NOW
LEFT
"supertrees"
provided quick
structure to the
development's
gardens in high-
he
rise SingapoE
h
I
8ne
"sup
w
South g
ar
den e gigantic trelli
ises for exotic
la
p
nts but they also double as exhaust tubes and

supports for sustainable infrastructure.
T he brightly colored concrete and steel structures

rise at varying heights up to 164 feet, and support some 200 plant species including orchids,
neoregelias, and bougainvilleas. Eleven of the
towers will SUppOlt photovoltaic cells and rainwater harvesting technology, while also venting
Wm air from the underground oling system
of adjacent conseatories. A 420-foot.long aerial
walkway willlink two 138ot-high supeees to
give visitors a bird's-eye view ofthe gardens, and
the tallest will house a restaant in its "canopy."
CJCJ
nnEE
(U
hnT-nR
MULTIPURPOSE TOWERS
SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE
INFRASTRCTURE
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BY
RO BE RS U CH
The garden layout for Bay South is based on the

shape of the national flower of Singapore, an
orchid hybrid called Varuia Miss Joaqmvar. g
nes.' Andrew Grant, of Grant Associates, says the
gtkarri ees (Eulyptus divlor) in Australia's Walpole-Nomalup National Park were another
source of inspiration. The karri trees "100m over
le Surrowlding forest to create an eraordinary
sense of scale and drama ," he plains and he
set out to design something similarly impressive.
The gardens w open for an advance viewing
as part of the 20th World Orchid Conference in
November and are scheduled to open to the public
next sumler.O
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The $83I million Bay South garden is the largest

of three gardens wrapped around a freshwater
reservoir in a mixed-use business and residen.
tial development called Marina Bay (perhaps
best recognized for the architect Moshe Safdie's
ree high-rise buildings connected by a gigantic
fl.oating deck in the air). hecommurtyispart
of the Gardens by the Bay development, which
stands on about o acres of reclaimed lan d
on Singapore's south coas t. Master planned by
Grant Assoates and Gustafson Porter, both British landscape architecture finns , it features two
conservatory domes, I2 themed gardens, and a
two- mile-long waterfront promenade.
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FORE GROUN D /
NOW
M designers
and home
do so in the future ," the ecologists

wrote. "But the same is ue ofna.
ards, use native plan whenever they tives, espedally in rapidly changing
have the option. As a result, "native" environments."
has become shorthand of sorts for
easy mairltenance and low environ. Language is part of the problem,
mental irnpact And nonnative plants says Davis. "Bak in about I980,
are often viewed skepticall even when scientists began to focus on
in planting situations, such as in a irltroductions of nonnative species,
parking lot or on a green roo f, where the issue was often amed as 'inva.
there is no native flora.
sion,'" he says. "It could have been
called 'species addition' or 'mixing:
Mark Davis, a biology professor at but instead terms such as 'aliens:
Macalester College irl $t. paul, Min. 'exotics: 'invasions: and 'biological
nesota, says it's time to abandon pollution' were used." $0 now, in
false dichotomy. In a recent essay our horticulture as in our politics ,
in the journal Natre ("Don't Judge we're stuck with a black.and.white,
$pecies on Their Origins," vol. 474, us.versus.them paradigm.
denersying to be good stew-
NO FROM
AROU N D ERE
DON'T JUDGE
PLANT5 BY TH EIR
ORIGINJ 50ME
ECOLOGI5T5 5AY.
S2/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZIN E NOV 201 1
"Invasive" plants
can povid e food for
birds such as the ceda
wax ng shown on a
honeysuckle
"Restoration should be site specic;"

says Del Tredici, "ld it's not pos.
sible to restore everything. $ome
sites, ifthe soil is intact, have poten.
tial. But dties show the irrelevance of
the distinction. The environment is
so disturbed, there's nothing native
speak 0[, and nothing invasive."
Rejecting species that rive in ur.
ban environments, he says, means
rejecting the benefits these plants
can provide. '~ilanthus [trees] pro.
And , says Davis, "if you demon. vide all of the ecosystem services
ize someing to such a degr street trees do ," he says.
then almost any fon oferadi.
cation is justified." $0 toxic And these kinds of "weedy" plants
herbicides are deployed, light provide the be or only, op.
and resources are spent, tions. Davis notes that irl many places
on restoration efforts that where native plants are less abun.
are often impossible to dant than they used to be, nonnative
sustain. The Natre essay species are more abundant. "A lot of
cites , among other exam. people jumpthe condusion that
ples, the failed seven.decade, nonnative plants are co18 in and
multimillion.dollar effort to choking out natives, but recent stud.
eradicate Tamarispecies in the ies have found that in le majority of
United $tates. Like some other no. ses natives :edk19 for other
torious "invasives," this species is reasons. Nonnatives are better adapt.
not without value: lt can help reveg. ed to disturbed .onditions" he says.
etate some damaged streamlbanks
and serves as nesting habitat for the Del Tredici, who has critiqued "faith.
endangered southwestern willow based" restoration in these pages be.
flycaer.O such as nonnative fore (see "Brave New Ecology:' LAM,
honeysuckle (Loniceraspp.) , provide FebrualY 2006) , says he inks the
food for birds and other wildlife, message might be catching on. He's
as discussed by Davis in another seen a shift in attitude at his lectures,
recent artide ("Do Native Birds Care d he was even invited to address
Whether Their Berries Are Nattive or a recent meeting of the $ociety for
Exotic? No." BioScience, vol. 6I, no. 7, Ecological Restoration.
July 20n).
Davis is seeirlg much the same thirlg.
After the nature essay was pub. "$ome scientists are recognizirlg that
lished, some ecologists criticized the this isn't a black.and.white issue,"
authors for downplaying the dam. he says. "But at message has to be
age done by exotic species. But the communicated to the public." 0
EU E
2
1 22 ZZuaCJ
A B OVE
no. 7350, Jun 20n), Davis and a

group of I8 other ecologists, indud.
ing Peter Del Tredici of Harvard's
Amold Arboretum and its Graduate
$chool of Design, argue that con.
servationists should judge plants
by their environmental impact
rather than where they originate
The reigning bias against nonnative
species, they assert, is largely unsup.
ported by data. Moreover, they said,
recent research suggests that most
alien species don't cause serious eco.
logical problerns, and ley usually
increase a region's species diversity.
"The effects of nonnative species
mayvarywl1 time, and species that
are not causing harm now might
authors readily concede that some

species do cause damage, and ley
recommend that eradication efforts
should be focused on these species.
"Most nonnative plants do not cause
any economic harm," says Davis.
FOREGRo/ NOW
YOU'RE SOAKI NG IN IT
FIELD TRIPS SHOW PEOPLE THE
VALUE OF CIVIC LANDSCAPES.
BY LYDIA LEE
TOP
Loi U ngaetti
narrates a tour of
SternG ove
541 LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
On a tour of Royston parks in Silicon Valley, Yun Yao, a computer

scientist at IBM, listened intently to
the landscape architect J. C. Miller,
ASLA, tall< about Bob , his former
boss, and all kinds of small details,
om how Royston designed arbors
to cast interesting shadows on the
ground to the way he designed
wading pools to be shallower in the
midd1e for children's safety. "lf you
don't attend a to or read a book,
you'll never know this history," says
Yao. "And it's interesting to learn
how things coul't be built according to the designer because of the
labyrinine public issues- you can
imagine what might have been." 0
INSET
holes" in the playground; at Oakland's K<ser Center Roof Garden,

they marveled at the biomorphic
reflecg pools by Ted Osmundson
and David Arbegast, FASLA; and
in San Francisco, they discovered
the traditional delights of Thomas
Church's Fay Park. Next year, the
circuit will indude New York City
and Washington again, in the latter
case, to focus on Italianate influences. Philadelphia and Denver are
slated for 2013.
d
.
a
FMZ-XUKUJ
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d
dL
Nog
James H orner ASLA

leads a tou of UC
8erkeley's campus.
event gives laypeople the chance to

get into the mind-set of a landscape
architect. "We want to teach people
how to value landscape architecture in the way they value other art
forms , so they know that parks are
not an act of God and understand
how designers can shape a city," says
TCLF's founder, Charles Bimbaum,
FASLA. The tours are an outg:rowth
of TCLF's Wha t's Out There datao na smnyweek in the mi base ofAmerican landscapes, which
dle of September, nearly 1,000 has grown to 1,000 entries in just a
people went to pks around the San few years.
Francisco Bay A.rea, but not to pillC
on the grass or play soccer. Instead, The rst What's Out There Weekthey were on one of a number of end was held in Washington, D.C.,
tours as part of What's Out There last year, followed by Chicago this
Weekend. As they listened to a land- past spring, each supported by a
scape architect desribe the park as flotilla oflocal ptners; the national
it was being conceived, participants sponsor is BartlettTree Experts. San
got a different view of a well-worn, Francisco was picked for its imporfamiliar space--as a designer's per- tant role in modernist landscape
design: "1 don't know of another
sonal vision.
place in the United States where
San Francisco is the .ird city to play you have such exuberance iin the
host to What's Out There Weekend, postv.ra" Bimbaum says. What's
a series offree public tours of impor- Out There San Francisco had 15
tant civic landscapes. Orgllzed by tours , located in the city proper but
the Washington, D.C- based Cultural also across the region. At Palo Alto's
Landscape Foundation (TCLF, pro- Mitchell Park, togoers oohed with
filed in LAM's May 2010 issue), the delight at Robert Royston's "gopher
FOREGROUND /
NOW
A LI TTLE MORE DOUGH

ASlA'S 2011 SURVEY OF GRAOUATING STOENTS
SH OWS STARTING SAlARIES ARE REBOUNOI NG.
BY OANIE L JOST, AS L A
Lm
a nde
ar
e
ct
leo
:on$
slctiO
nindus
y have
FOR 201 1
GRADUATES
WHO RECEIVED
J08 OFFERS ,
THE STARTING
PAY NOSED
UPWARD .
been looking for light and seeing a lot

of tunnel for at least three years now.
But here is some hope: Though most
landscape architecture students who
graduated is spring did not have
jobs lined up at the time, according to
a recent ASLA surve the percentage
of students with job rs this ye
was much higher than at any time
since the recession hi t. And those
whodid ld work are commanding
much higher salaries than the previous two graduating sses did.
The 2011 ASLA Survey ofGraduating
Studen; released in mid-September,
found e average stting salary o ffered to this year's landscape architecte graduates was approximately
$39,100, an increase of 8000ver
that of the previous year and an increase of $3 ,800 over that of 2009.
Those who had acepted a job off
reported an average starting salary
of approximately $42 , 000, a 14.7
percent inease over last year.
The average staing salary accted
was $38,700 for students with a bachelor's degree and $460400 for those
wiili a master's degree. The survey did
not separate graduates receiving eir
first professional dree from iliose
wiili previous perience in lancape
architecture or a related field
The online survey was conducted
by Lewis &Clk a market research
firm. A link to the survey was sent
out to all ASLA student members
in late April and remained open
lIough July.
lt was also sent to chairs

of landscape architecture programs,
who were encouraged to forward the
survey to ilieir students. ln al1, 249
graduating students responded; 53
percent of those responding were undergraduate students and 47 percent
were graduate students.
more than one job interview. That

is up slightly from last year when 56
percent did not have any irlterviews
and from 2009 when 59 percent reported no interviews. But it is much
lower than in 2008, when two thirds
ofthose surveyed reported receiving
at least one interview irl fueir final
semester of college and a majority
A similar survey has been carried had more than one irlterview.
out eVely year since 1997 (it has been
online since 2004). Comparing iliis These surveys do not measure how
year's survey to previous surveys many landscape architecture stureveals that aliliough the economy dents find employment in ilieir field.
would seem to be turning a corner, Many students do not begin seriously
lding work remains a struggle for looking for work until after they've
many graduates.
gradted. Also, this year grad
are likely mpeting with graduates
A vast majority o[ e graduating stu- 'om 2010 for job openings
dents who responded-2percent
said their plans for the immediate The report also looked at benefits
future were to work or seek em- ored to those who had ac.epted a
ploent but only 35 percent had job. lt appears that benefits are not
received any job offers and only 21 returning to ilieir [ormer levels as
percent had apteda jobat le ne fast as sal311eS, though they have also
the survey was completed. Those improved somewhat. More than half
numbers are up considerably 'om of those candidates who have acceptiliesame e last year when only 23 ed jobs are receiving major medical
percent repor a job offer and only insurance (59 percent) compared
18 percent had accepted a job. But with 44 percent ofthose surveyed in
ilieyare much lower ilian le figes 2009. Between 1999 and 2008, the
collected in 2007, when 73 percent percentage of recent hires receing
reported job 0rsd2008 when health insurance was never less ilian
79 percent The percentage of recent
54 percent reported job offs.
graduates offered 401(k) rrement
Anoilier sign o[ ilie still slow b ut im- plans has nearly halved since 2008,
proving market for landscape archi- with only 40 percent of recent hlres
tects is the number o[interviews stu- being given this option to save for
dents received in ilieir final semester ilieir retirement. And weremploy
of college. Fiy-three percent of this ers are providing recent graduates
year's graduates did not have any job wifu life insurance or profit sharing,
interviews at all during their lal or paying fueir employees' professemester, and only percent had sional dues. 0
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FOREGROUND
/SPECIES
NOTES FROM THE WORLD OF LIVING THINGS

BY CONSTANCE CASEY
\)
T|hR
FOR A
WETTER CLI MATE

oonE inhE art ofNorth America
can have failed to notice lat it rained a lot this
past suer. The town of Minot, North Dakota,
had its second-wettest r8-day period in recorded
histOly. The cit) summer deluge followed the
west winter since records have been kept- a
total snowfall of 8 1.8 inches. Levees of the lower
Mississippi River were opened onto tens ofthousands of acres offarrnland to save one town, Cairo,
Jllinois, in mid-spring. Farther south, ptsofMis
souri, Kansas, lowa, and Nebraska were flooded
by the Missouri River. Vermont's Lake Champlain
was already sloshing over its banks from a record
wet spring when Hurricane Irene dumped more
water and created a major disaster in August
The first way to identi the likely flood survivors

is to observe which trees grow on floodplains
and streambanks. Most obvious are willows and
cottonwoods. Prolonged seasonal flooding is the
price these trees pay to gain the advantage of new
loads of deep , rich alluvial soils. WiIlows and
poplars are specifically used to dry up wetlands,
acting like wicks.
There will be more. Cliratologists predict that

rain and snow in the next decade will be above
normal.hey can't predict how m uch above normal, but anyone who planted an apple orchard
along the Lal<e Charnplain shore should move it to
higher ground. The cherry trees at the Tidal Basin
in Washington, D.C., may nd themselves kneedeep in water next hurricane seasonitwas half
pected they would be this past season.
Not everyone is a fan. These trees with an affinity

for water tend to be fast growing, brittle, and notolious for falling limbs. ln Dirr's Hardy Trees and
Shn Michael Dirr writes: "1 have never recommen ded, at least when conscious, a poplar." To use
cottonwoods appropriately, you r.lly need a ranch.
ABOVE
The swamp tupelo not

only survives flooding,
but it thrives in soil that
is conti nuously we t.
bled, and lives have been lost But we can move

out ofthe floodplain or back from the strearnside.
Trees can't. Even the toughest tree can't resist
the force of rushing water pushing against its
trunk and loosening the soil. But many kinds of
trees have adapted to survive the seond stage of a
ad-standing and saturated soil.
50 poplars are not the solution for a spongy backyard in New Jersey. 50me very common conifers
light work. Many of the water-resistant trees
are in the Cupressaceae farnily. Decay-resisng
wood is a feature of both Am erican and Asian
arborvitae (Thuja occidental and orientalis) , the
ubiquitous hedge tree. The Thujas are called
cedars, though they're not true cedars , and their
wood is used for outdoor furniture and shingles
In its native Oregon and Washington , the longdead trunks of the western red cedar (Th uja plicata) stand steeped in lake water for decades l
Mdu@
pv
oza
xuPE -
Certainly floods are tough on human beings; whole

towns have toppled, roads and bridges have crum-
Populus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood, is the

state tree ofKansas, Wyoming, and Nebraska, all
places where any shade tree is appriated. The
plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii) grows as far
south as Mexi (in Spanish ey are los alamos) ,
and provides welcome shade along streams.
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CIACLE 109 ON AEADER SERVICE CARO
by design
FORE GROUN D
/ SPECIES
Other rot-resistant
members ofthe cypress fam- including Mexico. Impress your dendrologist

ily are the dawn redwood (Metasquoia glypto- friends by telling them that the Aztec name for
stroboids) and its American cousin , the coast sweeum isochiocotzoquahuitl. The sweetbay
redwood (Sequoia smpervirens) .
magnolia prefers wet, acidic soil but adapts to
THIS YEAR ' S WET

SUMMER TES ED
TREES AROUND
TH E COU NTRY.
AB OVE
Where othe trees would

red maples, native
to bottomlands, survive in
satu ated soil.
down
XUEZUU
-zdZ@
various soils, and is worth growing for its lemonNot surprisingly, a big clue to identifying water- scented blossoms.
tolerant trees is the word "swamp" in its common
name. For a large, sodden New Jersey yard the The river birch can survive in low areas fiooded
swamp oak (Quer us bicolor) would work.
for months at a time, but can also be grown on dry
sites. Prized for its picturesque nopaper-white
In nature, oaks are often found in poorly drained, bark, it is the only birch that tolerates day soils
acidic so but many, inclutg the swamp oak, and fends offe bronze birch borer.
also do well in dry sit and survive compacted
soil. The bur oak (Quercus croc is one of Finall the tree that arborists always mention
the trees mentioned by North Dakota arborists as first (it's often first on a list for alphabetical realikely to get through their extreme ftooding. The sons) for tolerance of standing water is the red
bur oak is common on river floodplains , often maple (Acer rubrm). People presure the tree
in combination with the m uch-planted pin oal< is named for i1 color, but the early spring
(Quer palustr .
fiowers mal<e a haze that is more purely red.
This fast-growing tree grows in boreal forests and
Another kind oftree able to adapt to a wide range southern swamps. This is the tree to plant on the
of conditions and climates is the tupelo. Native shores of La ke Champlain.
to e southern palt of the United States, some
tupelos do fine farther north. (The common naIe How does this ever-more-useful ability to suris Native American in origin; it comes from the vive in waterlogged oxygen-poor soil work? UnCreek et for tree and opil for swamp.)
fOltunately this is one more of the things in
botanical science that elicits the phrase "poorly
One tupelo, the blad<g or sour gum (Nyssa understood." We don't understand precisely the
sylvatica, called sour to distinguish it from the mechanism by which trees save themselves from
unrelated swee grows in very wet areas but drowning , but there are clues. Many ofthe wateralso is found in dry, rocky uplands. lts autumn tolerant trees-the red maple, the willows, and
foliage is intense red and orange, made more the poplars- are particarly fast growing, conintense by the glossiness of the leaves.
centrating oxygen in their growing tissues. But
other flood-surviving trees are relatively slow
he water tupelo (Nyssa ti) ranl<s with bald growing and long lived. Trees W<e redwoods or
cypress (Taxodium distichum) the most flood- oaks have to tolerate a range ofconditions over the
tolerant large tree in temperate North America. years. A single oak will experience harsh winters
The two often grow side by side. And Nyssa and mild winters, wet springs and dry springs.
biflo common name , swamp tupelo, gives it
away as being able to wistand high water.
Given the recent ftooding, there will soon be a
lot of replanting of bare areas where trees were
Three highly ornamental trees possess almost swept away by the force of ftoodwater or couldn't
the same water tolerance and adaptabity as tal<e e stress of waterlogged soil. Other trees will
the oaks and tupelos and are easier to fit into a die arld leave bare spots more slowly. It will take
garden. These are the sweetgum (Liquidambar months, maybe years, to see if ftood ects have
styrac(ua) the sweetbay m agnolia (Magnolia made some trees susceptible to insects, disease ,
Vtiniana) and the river birch (Betula nigra).
or drought. Those selecting the trees for replanting in flood-prone places will have to consider the
The sweetgum, native to bottomland woods, future precipitation that climatologists predict
shows Stliking fll color even in walm climates, The wet places will get wetter. 0
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FOREGROUND
/ SPECIES
DUCK DUCK
GOOSEBERRY
harles Damn
't
be
8
in
gre
at book On the Origin of

Species with GaJ apagos fnches and
naturaJ selection. He started with
gooseberries. As an example of how
plants are domesticated and refined
by aItifcial selection, he desribed
how gooseberry growers develop improved varieties ofthe frui t. The pale
green fruit started out small and tart
Selection for bigger and sweeter t
led to hundreds ofvaIieties of gooseberry in northern Europe. Darwin
cultivated 54 of them in his home
garden. (The 0rd Elish Dictionary says the name has nothing to do
with geese, more probably coting
from a corruption of the Germ an
Krausbrre.)
ABOVE
In nature, gooseb ev
fruits are usually small
and sour. Centuries of
human selection have
created berries like
these - plump and swee t.
It would not be going too far to say

that the England of Darwin's time
was gooseberry obsessed. ln the
Kentish vlage down the road om
Down House there was probably a
pub holding a gooseberry competition to see who could grow the biggest, heaviest f1ut. Growing gooseberries for show started in the 18th
centu and by Darwin's time , there
were some 700 gooseberry shows
across Great Britain.
The shrub's Latin name is Ribsuva

crispa. As is the case with their cousins in the genus Rib5 black currants
and red ants their popularity is
on the upswing. Black currants turn
out to be at least as pad<ed with antioxidts as blueberries , and gooseberries are brimming with vitarnins
A and C. There is an lntemational
Ribes Association on the job.
tivars taste
be"
but are prey to
ldew.
It wise to wear leather gloves when
picking the hairy fruit, which can be
red or pi( as well as green, off the
spiny branches. The Chinese gooseberry, which really is native to China,
is theha" browninn egg-sized
treat we know as kiwi t
Gooseberries are easy to grow, tolerating a wide range ofsoil conditions

and a lot of cold. Contrarywhat
the name may lead you to guess,
the cultivar 'Hinonrnakis' is from
Finland, not )apan. Gooseberries
grow on Norway's west coast almost
up to the Arctic Cirde. They demand
Reich says th're not ornamental. winter chilling, and grow well in
ln is he differs from British gar- U.S. dimate zones 3 to 7.
den writers who rhapsodize about
the arc of the sh rub's branches A caution: Ribes species are hosts
heavywith fuzzy uit. They've long for white pine blister rust, which
been apt ofthe British cottage gar- doesn't bother the gooseberry but
den , tud<ed in a partially shaded .or kills fve-needle pines. Gooseberries
ner. The enthusiastic British view are banned in some U.$. counties
of gooseberries may be colored by where pines are grown for lumber,
thoughts of gooseberry fool , an an- mdng them forbidden frui t.
cient dessert (said to date from the
15th century) that consists of stewed Gooseberries play a pivotal role in a
berries, s ugar, and an enormous short story by Anton Chekhov, which,
amount of double cream.
not surprisingl bears the title Gooseberries. After his farnily estate is sold
lf the straggly bushes, up to 10 feet to pay debts , Nikolay lvanovitch must
tall, aren't attrative enough, the gar- work as a derk in a government of.
den designer can train them as fans, fce. Miserable, like so many Chekstandar or espaliers.
hov characters, he dreams of having a farm. "He could not imale a
Reich's interest is fiavor rather than homestead, he could not picture an
aesthetics. For sweetrless, he recom- idyllic nook, without gooseberries."
mends the varieties 'Hinonmakis ,' Astings turn out, Nikolay probably
Poor Man,' 'Black $atin,' and 'Red shouldn't unt on winning the next
Jacket.' $ome other European cul- gooseberrcompetition. o
ZO zou g OME
?
X
Today, sadly, there seem to be only

about eight. These include the competition held by North Yorkshire's
Egton Bridge Gooseberry $ociety,
founded in 1801. To take part in the
contest, held the first Tuesday in
Au1St you must be a paid-up member of the society by Easter Tuesday.
Techniques include putting a saucer
of milk under an especially prornising berry.
Wh y grow gooseberries in this century (aside om competing at Egton

Bridge)? Because they taste good ,
says Lee Reich, the author of Unmmon Fruitsfor Every Garden, and
because it's hard to find them in
grocery stores.
PL
FE
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CIRClE 407 ON READER SERVICE CARO
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sense and simplicity
FOREGROUND
/SPECIES
Hess wasn't thinking about penor chess when she

began to plan black and white. "1
done riotous and colorful," she says.
"1 wanted elegant and understated:'
Elegant was right as the background
for receptions and dinners given by
the new president.
The borders are set against yews.

The shrubs that give the beds their
structure are purple-leaved plums,
Pittosporum 'Tom Thumb,' Sambuc5 'Black Lace: and MacDonald's
favorite , Physoca opulifolius 'Diablo: She barely tolerates the pink
f1.owers of the Physocarp which
she calls "insipid," and is relieved
Hess got plenty of compliments, es- that they don't last long.
pecially on combinations wi Ca
ladium 'Moonlight,' which she says MacDonald favors plants morbid in
really did glow in the dark, combined name as well as hue, the Geranium
with near-black plants including phaeum known as the "Mouming
Cissus amazonica vines with heart- Widow:' for example. Two of the
shaped leaves and silver stripes.
plants she grows that are closest to
pure black are the hollyhock Alc
Tropicals were pelfect. St Los just rosea 'Black Beauty,' and the astonwent through its fourth-hoest sum ishingsuccentAniumtrnriqu
mer on record. "What people don't orum 'Zwartkop:
realize," Hess says, "is that we never
cool off. We had many days over 100, The local undertaker stops in at the
when the morning low would be 80 MacDonalds' garden fairly often because he's also the person who does
degrees."
maintenance on the pump for their
If she does black-leaved-andowered well. He avoids the black borders,
plants again, Hess says she would calling the plantings "morbid, sick,
use more silver, which made the and disgusting."
look even more elegant. But next
year summer will be aayon box- Visitors in general say they're inspired, but qIi the comment to
purple, orange, and hot pink
say they're inspired toe a couple
Frances MacDonald is an lrish gar- ofkinds ofblack plants in combinaden writer with what it would be too tion with lime green or or18 Most
easy to call a dark sense of humor. visitors like the garden, but MacDonShe's humorous , but completely ald says, "they do find it strange that
selious about plants. The funereal I tall< so easily about death. where
beds, as she calls them, that she and I'm going to be buried." She's not
her husband lain have developed joking: "Adjacent to the border is a
over the past 14 years in their gar- small hedged area, pebbled over and
den in Enniscorly County Wexfo contning two of our departed cats.
cause garden sitors to be startled, Inevitably 1 w join them, obviously
discomted and impressed. A cou- in ash form." 0
ple of French visitors described the
CON5TANCE CA5EY 15 A FORMER NEW YORK
borders as "death and hell."
lnslXedos
BACK TO BLACK
hmare more a few books
about black f1.owers, with fabulous
photos and long, long lists. Garden
essayists are repeatedly rediscoveri the tulip 'Queen ofN (which
oughtto be 'Queen of Night') and
lris 'Superstition:
But the species in question here is

the human gardener. Once you've
identifed all these cool and drarnatic
near-black plants, what do you do
with them? What eerience does
the gardener intend for the garden
visitor? Here are two examples of a
though11 use ofblack by thoughtful gardeners.
ABOVE
70/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV 2011
CI TY PARK5 OEPARTMENT GARDENER AND

WRITE50N NATURAL H15TORY FOR THE ONLINE
MAGAZINE SLATE
uz-U
LZ
F
gU
Impatiens 'Dazzler
White' combined with
Solenostemon 'Colorblaze
Dark Star is part of the
black-and-white display
at the Miss uri Botanical
Garden
Julie Hess, a senior horticulturist at

the Missouri Botanical Garden, designs and maintains the five acres
around the residence ofthe garden's
director. She changes the beds near
the house six times in the course of a
year; isye's summer garden was
black and white.
OSETTA~
THE LOOK ANO FEEL OF NAT URE
((The transformion has been incredible, " said the owners 01this completefy 'enovated landscape
(Teople can hardfy believe this sed to be an instrial site. }}
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GROUN D
/INTERVIEW
MOVING CATS
A REPUBLICAN EXPLAINS WHY WE
NEED TO FOCUS ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
BY ARTHUR A L LEN
You were on the sciencemmittees that's conservative. My dad has the

in Congress. Where does yo inter more conservative approach, and
est in these issues originate?
he's 88 now.
1was doing some door-to-door campaigning and 1 spoke with a lady
who lived with her retired husband,
and ley had a Yukon and a Suburban. And she said, "They want
to drive smaller cars. How do they
expectto get our stuff around?
l've got ree cats." The sad ing
is, somebody's kids are going to die
My dad , who is a conservative and fighting for oil so she can move her
anindtriaI en" when he was three cats around.
teaching his five children to drive-I
can't tell you how many times he'd How do you propose ge18 thatlady
say, "Don't burn up the ga.s and to trade in her Yukon for a Prius?
don't wear down the braI<e lining."
We Ll, a funny thing happened to us It all starts with a confidence in
conservatives. Somewhere aIong the enterpriseat the market will
way we went from people like my provide a solution. lnventors, invesdad to, "1 have a God-given right to tors, and entrepreneurs can deliver
drive my SUV wherever 1 want to solutions if the economics are set
go, and when we run out of gasoline up right As a conservative, I'm conwe'll send someone else's children fident that the markets work and
to the sands of the Middle East to Am erica is an innovative place. lf
fight the Chinese for it." 1 don't nk youjt make it so that all fuels bear
My first six years in Congress 1
wasn't terribly focused on long-term
issues; 1 basically surfed every wave
of publidty that came aIong_ During the six years off. 1 decided that
if 1 returned l'd focus on a big issue
facing the country. Energy qualifies.
lt needs a solution.
R t s reprented
78/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZIN E NOV 20 11
u-E
2d
o
F
go
OZaaZXJU
the 4th
of South Carolina for a
total ofsix tens from 1993 to 1999
and 2005 to 2010. He lost a landslide
Republican prim to a Tea Partybacked candidate in 2010. After a
semester doing energy policy discussions as a Ilow at Harvard, Inglis
began a campaign to get GOP support for measures to halt global
warming. LAM interviewed 1nglis as he was dring to his house,
which lacks a solar water heater, in
his daughter's 1981 Volvo, which gets
horrible gas mileage.
disict
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GRo
/INTERVIEW
need reaching out to entrepreneurs What's the mhanism? A tax?

fo 1' deliver. Tha t's where you get
rapid change.
Yes , initially. We should tax the negative extemalities. The prices of your
Well, what about the govemment natural gas and gasoline'egomgto
raising the CAFE [Coorate Aver- go up. Great deal so far, h1 voters?
age Fuel Economy) standards and Butl wouldouple at with cutting
forcing manufacturers to produce the payroll t~a carbon tax while
more fuel-efficient vehides?
ino'easing e size of YOW' paycheck.
This is our song- use the power of
The biggest changes occur without free enterprise, send a transparent
What do you mean?
government ncentvzng or man- price sial. That sets up a pull to
We have what economists call neg- dag. Look at the Intemet and the buy the better products, rather than,
ative externalities-hidden costs PC, with the huge rna1'ket and pen- "No, we don't need to do anything.
-associated with oil and coal. etration, and the advances [or the We just need to get more oil."
The distortion means that cleaner ouny in the way of new businesstechnologies can't compete, and so es and jobs. 1 voted for higher car Do you accept the scienti l1c consenthe investment money sits on the fuel efciency standard mandates. sus that rising carbon dioxide levels,
caused by human activities such as
the burniog of fossil fuels, are cootributing to clirnate change?
ARE NOT THE BEST WAY
all of their true costs, the market will
provide a solution. Ri ght now we
produce 8 percent o[ the world's 0
and onsume 20 pe1'cent That isn't
sustainable. Every president since
Nixon has said we need to break our
addiction to foreign oil, but it hasn't
happened, because the market incentives are all off.
MANDATES
TO ENSURE EFFICIENCY. INGLIS SAYS.
BECAUSE THEY ALWAYS HAVE LOOPHOLES.
sidelines. Look at the hidden costs
of petroleum: tax subsidies for oil
companies, de[ense expenditures to
protect the Middle East supply lines,
air pollution and its health eects.
None ofthese costs are factored in at
the pur and 1 haven't mentioned
global warming ye t. If you accept
dirnate change sciencelat's ano1er huge externality. 1 jt pumped
some gasoline into my daughter's
I98I Volvo, and it cost about $3.35
per gallon. It would be way more
expensive if you factored in the
hidden costs. Her car gets terrible
mileage, but 1 don't feel the pain
enough to make a switch to smarter
technology. This is where the power
is, where the change comes, where
you have willing consumers with a
90/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZIN E NOV 2011
Yes.
Why do you thiok that the maiostream of the GOP has beeo relucBut it's not the most elegant method, tant to accept this thesis, with maoy
because mandates have loopholes; party leaders eveo calliog climate
you had SUVs counted as trucks change a "hoax"?
and so on. There'll always be a way
around mandates. The more elegant There are a number of reasons. One
solution is to send a trlSparent and is that it seen as just too much of
certain price signal. An d then 1, the an existential threa t. When we're
willing consumer, will drive the con[ronted with something that's
change, without rnandates 0 1' regula- just huge, we have a tendency to
tions. 1 Live in South Carolina, where deny it because it m es it easier
we're on the same latitude, about, as to get through the day. It's the ScarIsrael. When you go to Israel you le'Hara approach: "Tomorrow
see solar hot water heaters on the is another day." That's a pretty good
1'o of of evely structure. 1 do n't know oping mechanism. The other main
anybody in South Carolina who has driver has been k show hosts who
one, because there's no price sig- are making a lot of money poohnal. Power is so cheap that it doesn't poohing dimate change. Look, the
make sense for me to put a heater on dimate change models are complimy 1'oof at would make a 'd of cated, the sciene is hard, and it's
easy to poke holes and sell soap by
my electrical usage go aw
GRo
/ INTERVIEW
sang "This is all a bunch ofhooey

from elitist eggheads and bureaucrats. You don't need to wor about
this-just worry about r1 things,
like jobs ." Some hucksters have
made a lot of money selling that line.
1t's fertile territory in down economic
tirnes. And sence is hard. Most of
us aren't scientists, and we feel uncomfortable with the fact that these
PhDs understand more than we do.
says, "1 do n' t need to know wh ether a similar climb. The growth that can
climate change is true-we have op- me om e new tedmology, buyportunity to change the way we tax, ing all the gadgets that will deliver
and in doing so change the world." these efficiencies, has to expand our
economy. And the result is that a lot
What do you think can be done to of people can make a lot of money,
slow dimate change? How can this eate a lot of jobs, and expand our
bemadeaneconornicgro1 ne? economy by breaking free of petroleum and finding better ways to
1 was on the budget comm ittee make electricity. My goal is to end up
[om 1993 to 1999Jin Congress. We with lots of millionaires, billionaires,
delivering new products and creating
lots of jobs.
PEOPLE CAN MAKE A LOT OF MONEY

AND CREATE JOBS BY BREAKING FREE
OF PETROLEUM , INGLIS SAYS.
How many partners do you have so started out $300 billion in deficit,
far in your alition-building effort? ended up in surplus by 2000. We Republicans would like to claim credit
We're just at the inception; we hope for the fiscal displine we brought
to have some sort of a la1ch this starting in 1994; Clinton daims his
l.l. I'm having some very produc- 1993 budget package did it. But the
tive conversations, espially in the realredit goes to the growth of the
business community. My focus is 1ntemet and PCs. As AIan Greento helponservatives hear e busi- span pointed out, it was a period of
ness case. They've heard some ofthe sustained economic growth- with
environmental arments-that a low ination brought on by growth
good perspective, but some of them in productivity caused by a c!hange
aren't persuaded. 1f they heard the in technology-that brought us to
business case they might be more a new economic plateau. 1 think enlike [the econom ist] Art La ffer, who ergy has the possibility of supplying
1 think my plan should resonate with

different GOP camps: the national
security conservatives because we're
currently funding both sides of the
war on terror by buying their oil; the
economic conservatives who are driven nuts by distortions ofemarket
place; and with social issue conservatives. As religious people, we believe
in accountabty and responsibility:
Shouldn't we hold petroleum and
coalaountable for all errnegahve
externalities? As conservatives, that's
our song. o
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FOREGROUND
/WATER
LAKEUNION
TAKE IT
DOWNHILL
7
TOPONTIUS
KEY DESIGN ELEMENTS

Swale replaces on-streel parking lane
Swale 10.5' to 16.5' wide , 14" 10 23" deep
26' wide driving/ parking roadway
Minimum 6' sidewalks
Mid-btock (-17' wide) pedestrian crossing
STORMWATER
CAPITOL HILL
SEALE
BY LISA OWE NS VIANI
ax
ZCEE
SJd
The project, which is about 90 per.

cent designed (pipeonstruction is
expected to start at the end of this
year) , is a collaboration between Seattle Public Utilities and Depanent
ofTransportation; the private developer Vulcan Inc. and its landscape
architects at the Berger Partnership;
the engineering f KPFF which
is designing 1e swales' hydrolo gy;
Runberg Architecture Group; and
the landscape architects KPG (who
serve as the prime contractor to the
435 acres of an entire

drainage basin in the Capitol Hill
section of town.
ESEBEo
om about
lo t against stormwater retrot

projects in dense urban areas is at
their scale is too small to make a
diffence. But the city of Seale is
about to prove those critics wrong.
In yet another innovation in greener infrastructure from the Pacifc
Northwest, and what may be the first
of its kind anywhere, at a cost Of $ 1O
million, Seattle is piping stormwater
from one neighborhood and tr
it in bioswales in another one do1stream as part of a redevelopm ent
projec t. The volurne of stormwater
is not tiny: It involves up to 190 m
lion gallons of storrnwater annually
MJ
E 3RS
ABOVE
In a cos t- benefit study,

Seattle found tha t the
stormwa te r swales it
is bu i1 ding as par t of a
red evelop m ent project
ae more cost-effective
than a newend-of-pipe
filtration vaul t.
o mof ments a
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FOREGROUND
/WATER
8TORMORAIN
HOLE
BLOCK10
(FUTURE DEVELOPMEN
BLOCK 11
(FUTURE DEVELOPMENT)
BIOFILTRATION SWALE
Treat portion 01 stormwater draining
Irom 435 acres 01 Capitol Hill
Create 4 interconnected swates in
conjunction with luture developments
Clean water f1 0w to Lake Union
FROM CAPITOL HllL
ESEBEo
ax
ZCE
E SJd
MJ
E 3RB
ABOVE
If all goes well in the
first two phases, the
city plans to build two
more long blocks of
swales along Yale and
Pontius as those bloc l<s
a e redeveloped.
Fuesel's goa1 is to ensure that the

swale design blends with the redevelopment projec t, which takes an
old laundry building listed on the
National Register of HistOlic Places
and several warehouses and reincarnates them [or residen tial and
commercial use. The swales wiU
[ront two of the development's [our
sides, on Ya1 e and Pontius streets.
Fuesel says ve different species o[
sedges and rushes will be used in
the swales. "I t's a water- c1 eansing
machine," he says. "We're choosing
species at can deal with the situa- .ould be done to treat polluted runtion we're pung them in, and we o before it even got to the creeks
wanted to minimize long-terrn and In 2004, then-Mayor Greg Nid<els ,
sho-te maintenance." The op- Honorary ASLA, implemented a
portunity excites him. "We've been new initiative, Restore Our Waters,
sending lots of dirty water into Lake to bld on Schell's effo asngall
Union for much of Seattle's life," he dtydepamen ts to examine the1says. "Every little bit helps."
pacts on water resources and fnd solutions. With the new Swa1es on Ya1 e
The idea for many of Seattle's natu- and Pontius projec~ the city hopes to
r a1 drnage treatment systems was irnprove water q ua1ity in Lake Union,
spawned in the late 1990S when which the state's Departrnent ofEcolthen-mayor Paul Schell allocated mil- ogy lists as impaired. The lake's natulions o[ dollars toward ine-ground ral hydrology was altered long ago
restoration projects: Seattle Public with a series oflod<s and chutes conUtilities staff took his concern one necting it to 1get Sound and La1<e
step further and started asking what Washington, but Chinook salmon,
E JEdua
-E
dty). "We're wallg hand in hand on

this;' says KPG's Paul Fuesel, ASLA.
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FOREGRO / WATER
an endangered species, still migrate

through Lake U nion on their way
to the Sound and back upstream to
Lake Washington. Steelhead and bull
trout, also threatened species, use
Puget Sound as well, says the city
project m anager, Jason Sharpley.
prpes.oming from Capitol H run

exactly through this neighborhood
at is undergoing redevelopment."
From there the stormwater heads to
LakeUnion.
In the first phase of Swales on Yale

and Pontiusle C1ty W construct
Concerns for these fish and other 2,000 new feet of pipe that will split
wildlife are thus driving the city's the fiows coming from Capitol Hill
efforts to eat polluted stormwater to direct the smaller, more frequent
storms into the swales,
while leaving the existA PRIVATE DEVELOPER.
ing 48- to 72-inch pipes
VULCAN. HAS MADE ROOM
in the ground to handle
peak flows. Just before it
FOR THE SWALES AND
reaches the swales , the
AGREED TO MAINTAIN THEM. stormwater will enter 1
underground vortex sepabefore it can race into creeks, lakes, 1'ator that filters out trash. In lat
and the Sound by using plants and same phase, the existing gas and
soil to slow, spread, and sink01' at water lines will be moved out of the
least filte - the water rst "We had swaleconsuction area.
implemented a lot of natural drainage
systems in our 'creek' watersheds," ln the second phasele city will
says Tracy Tackett, the city's green bld the swales along the 400 iblocks
stormwater infi'asucture progrm of Yale and Pontius streets. The
manager, referring to im pressive swales are 1ge ranging from IO to
stormwater swale p1'ojts-likeSEA 16 feet wide by 270 feet long, and are
Streetin the Piper Creek watershed desi ed to treat the stormwater as
on the northwest side of the city, in it flows through them- and to allow
more residential areas. "The city has sediment to settle out-rather an
been prioritizing pollutant loadings to inltrate the stormwater into the
fromdi1'ent neighbo1'hoods. lf we grour Thent two phases of the
are already digging up the public project will follow with the building
right-of.way, wfe trying to find mon- of more bioswales and housing and
ey for restoring the rights-o f-way to mixed-use development in the next
treat stormwater." The Cascade (a block over, Sharpley says.
South La ke Union) neighborhood,
where the swales will be created, is This project would not have been
undergoing a lot of redevelopment. feasible without cooperation from
"We looked at vaults, a swale sys- vcan says Sharpley. The developer
tem, asking ourselves: What is the is ging e city a one-foot easement
right way to treat this?" Tackett re- that will mal<e room for the swales,
calls. "We found lat the storm drain as well as the dolla1' eqvalent of
what it would have normally paid to

improve the right-of-way with sidewalks and street trees. Vulcan has
also agreed to maintain e swales.
A lane of street parking will be lost,
Tackett says. To gain support for the
project, especi ly considering the
loss of street pa1'king , the city's statf
asked the mayor for support. "The
mayor made a policy call, that the
environmental needs of the city are
a priority," Tackett says.
In addition to the developer's contributions, the project will be funded
by the city's drainage utility rates, the
city pital improvements nd state
revolving fund loans, and a $1 million

grantfrom e state's Deparlent of
Ecology. Tacke says e city's:ost
benefit analysis showed the swales to
be more cost-etfective than building
alge end-of-pipe plant with a filter
media vault where the lters would
have had to be replaced often. "With
this type of system, the long-term
operations and maintenance is much
less pensive" she says. '~ld ifwe're
going to spend money, we'd rather
spend it in a way that provides multiple bene induding green space
in the urban " Tacke says lat
although the city has built smaller
green stonwater treatrent proJects
downtown, it hasn't tried anhing
of this sle before in such a builtout area. She's onvinced of its value:
"When you decentralize stormwater
t1'eatrnentd remove this kind of
volume from the system-i incred
ibly cost-effectiv"
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FOREGROUND
/ GOODS
ON FI RE
BY USA SPECKHARDT
BURNING BRIGHT
Fire is mesmerizing but wood fi res can be

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R E m 2B
/ B+D DESIGN OUTDOOR FIRE SCULPTURES

The London-based sculptor Cathy Az ria creates individual pieces-she doesn't mass produce-made of
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while others can be designed into fireproof vessels. All
run on gas , and the steel elements are left untreated to
develop a fire-tempered rusty patina. 0
EB
102/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20
ZoMMO O -
MEBU
FOR MORE INFOR Iv' ATION . VISIT WWW. KALAMAZOOGOURM ET. COM .
aE
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f KALAMAZOO 0DOOR GOURMET ARTISAN FIRE PIZZA OVEN

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FOREGROUND /
PARKS
SAFER
AFTER
NEW NIGHGHTING METHODS HELP ANSWER
DARK-SKY ADVOCATES.
BY PETER H ARNIK, AS LA; RYAN OON AHUE; A N D J OROAN THALER
ganizations such as the Intemational

Dark-S ky Association (IDSA) and
National Dark-$r Weekbae light
pollution, and say it disrupts pattems of behavior for noctumal anirnals and prevents humans omen
joying the wonders ofe nighttime
sky. Even dark parks aren't always
dark enough. In December 2010,
when a ranger took a group ofNew
Yorkers out to a remote park at midnight to watch what was expected
to be a spectacular meteor shower,
the shooting stars weren't visible
because of the overwhelming ambient glow from the ty.
ABOVE
T olightmot ht. Foru

parks , that is often the question,
and an early nighime flight over a

city clearly reveals the dichotomy.
Within the fabric o[ pulsing roads
and faintly shimmering neighborhoods , the patches of complete
blackness are almost invariably
parks- the only spaces that retain
the ancient vestige of total darkness
in our modem, artificial world. And
the pools of dazzling white light are
110/ LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV201 1
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The Summer Night

lights Pogam in south
l os Angeles combines
late-night park lighting
with athletic and arts
prog ams to engage
gang members and
red uce violence
Park managers areught between

the politics and the significant expense of installing lighting and paying utility bills. Fortunately, technologi1 advances are helping to bridge
the gap. $ome programs are showing
usually also parks-venues where that lighting can help purge p'ks
baseball, football , or other orgtized of criminal behavior, and new technology enables light to be confined
games are being played.
to the ground without blurring the
In the past, the debate over light- cosmos- at lower cos t.
ing seemed to admit no comprom ise. Advocates claim that parks One proponent o[ bright parks is
obviously need lights for safe ty: the Los Angeles , known for its shortmore bulbs e [ewer criminals, the age o[ parkland in crowded, lowless vandalism. Opponents lament income communities and also for
losing the beauty and primordial a gang twf culture that equently
romance of nature in the dark. Or- spills over into parks. Har/ard Park
TOUGH
FOREGROUND /
PARKS
THERE 1S SOME
PUSH1NG BACK
AGA1NST CLA1MS
THAT L1GHTS
REDUCE CR1ME .
ABOVE
In a test in Central
Park. New York
City's Department of
Transportation found
that new LED lights
last longer. give bette
sibility at lower light
intensity. and cost
less to opea te than
standad bulbs
in Inglewood, historically a ftashpoint for gang conflict, was perennially shunned after dark by a11 but
the bravest of residents. Thanks to
an initiative called Summer Night
Lights. things have been different
for the past three years. The dty, by
ratcheting up nighttime visibility
and adding programming such as
aletic leaes arts initives and
family programs at Harvard Park
and 23 others, has helped use gang
loyalties to spur healthier orgllzed
competition and to diminish vandalism, drug use , and violence
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"Based on before-and-after studies of

crime statistics, there is no clear evidence that outdoor lighting reduces
crim" That's the verdict of a March
on
112/ LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
AllOugh the Los Angeles pr<ramis

a success, it's not universally agreed
that maximizing lighting is the key
to safety. Some people believe that
programming and comrnurtybId
ing do more than bulbs, and they
challenge the notion that brighter
parks are necessarily safer.
2008 study by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, which found

at manyriminal activities, such
as eft. are "more prevalent during daytime hours." and that ifi
dal lighting can encourage certain
types of vandalism. such as graffiti.
as individuals are better able to see
what they are doing." In the United
Kingdom. a 2009 study by le Royal
Commission on Environmental Pollution suggested that badly designed
street ligh19 can lead to glare and
dark shadows that may promote
rather than hinder criminal activity.
A meta-analysis by British researchers looked at eight American studies.
finding that they split evenly on the
topic of whether lighting reduces
rime in parks. When the results of
the studies were aggregated. they
did show a 7 percent reduction in
criminal activity- but that ure is
barely statistically significant.
mm
Because of the lights and programs,

other members of the community
now feel comfortable there at night,
too, which improves Harvard Park's
usership and safety. Alicia Avalos,
the director ofSurnmer Night Ughts,
says: "The program is not about
changing someone's identity, but
rather curbing violent behavior. Out
of 24 sites, we have not had to pi
out of one." Compared with statistics from before the program. she
notes. there has been a 40 percent

reduction in gang activity and a 57
percent reduction in gang-related h
micides. The success ofthe program
has made it a priority at city hall.
Even as Los Angeles struggles with
a budget deficit. the program has
been panded to include eight more
parks. (About half the $6.2 million
prram is funded by private companies.) Other dties are foUowing st
toLong each, California, and
JacksonviUe. Florida, have re<:ently
started similar progrIlS.
FOREGROUND /
PARKS
CO MPARISON OF LIGHTING COSTS

F
xtur.
COBRA HEAO/STANDARO WITH ELECTRONIC BALLASTS

COBRA HEAO/STANDARD WITH ELECTRONIC BALLASTS
HISTORIC (i. e. shielded teardrop)
LEDn!!E pole or under dechl
LED (standard pr under deck)
CENTRAL PARK LED
Light Typ.
w.tt.g.
HPS
HPS
HPS
LEO
LEO
LEO
150W
100W
250W
108W
90W
90W
Fixture
Cost
Annual
MInt.nanc. Cost
Annual
Energy U..
Annuill
Energy Cost
$160
$160
$95
100
672 kWh
476 kWh
1,230 kWh
443 kWh
369 kWh
369 kWh
~ 103
$100
$100
$1.050
$1 ,650
$0'
$0'
$73
$188
$68
$56
$56
Tot.t
Annual Cost
J 203
$173
$288
$68
$56
$56
1.year
Tot.t Cost
1.578
$1.368
$2.108
ll.ill
$1.444
$2.044
HPS - high power sodium

LED -light emitting diode
Th e LED components are covered under a 7-year manufacturer's warranty
designers argue that if lighting is

going to be placed haphazardl it is
better to make its absence conspicuous, dearly signaling that the area is
not meant [or use after dark. Also, if
only certain pas are lit, criminals
can more easily predict the paths of
pedestrians.hese are sometimes
refened to as lannelized routes"
or "movemen t predicrs.")
114/ LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV2011
As a resul t, the seemingly unbridgefighters and

dark-sky enthiasts may be sh11
ing. Driven by e growing efficiency
gap between old high-pressure sodium and new light-emitting diode
(LED) lights, cities are transforming
their lighting stock, and some of the
benefits are spilling over into parks.
Major cities mcing e switch include Los Angeles; New York; Anchorage, Alaska; San )0 California; and Pittsburgh.
ablegfbetween crime
New York City's Department of

Transportation (DOT) oversees the
largest municipallighting system in
the country, including 12,000 lights
Even beyond crime reduction, there

are plenty of reasons to better equip
Astronomical organizations and the

other dark-sky efforts recognize, of
course, that humans demand brightness and that urban areas wil1 always
reqre lighting. Thus the groups call
[or more research into the specific
types oflight rays that are emitted and
beerdes1 toput e right amount
of light where it is needed. "Some
level of artifidal ligh18 is reqred
[or nighme activities:' says Robert
Dickle chair of the light Pollution
Abatement Committee of the Royal
Astronomical Sodety ofCanada. "But
this lighting must be designed to inease visibil. Paradoxically, more
litan reduvisibility especially
for persons over 40 years of ag"
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Whether lighting actually in:reases

safety or not, it certainly mal<es pe
plel safer; lighting is rearlyone
ofthe most requested new features.
And if people begin to feel more
comfortable in a park, it will become
safer simply by being better used.
The stellar crime reduction that accompled Summer Night Lights
cannot be fully attributed to lighting;
the presence o[ gang interventionists
andprofsionally supervised recreation programs surely played a role.
urban parks with mor - and more

modemlight technology. Lighting
malZes the efficiency of the ist
ing park stod< by allowing considerably more use. In New York City, the
lighting of fields allows two more
hours of daily use in the suler
and four more in the winter and fall.
The lDSA offers help in buying,

installing, and using lights. Its web
site gives lists of approved lighting
tures and encourages the use of
such "dark-sky [eatures" as shields
that prevent fixtures from projecting
Iight into the atmosphere. For
ample, the IDSA lauds one reducedglare Leotek Electronics model for
its six energy settings as well as for
an aachment to fsten it tlst
ing poles.
3"
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THE IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF LEDs

MAY MEAN IMPROVED SAFETY AND
LOWER LIGHTING COSTS.
SPLASHPAO@
SAFE LONG LASTING
INNOVATIVE FUN
1.8586.7839
(toll free
USA/CND) 0
info@vortex- intl. com . vortex- intl. com
FOREGROUNO /
PARK5
ABOVE
81ue-lED-1it benches
in Minneapolis's Gold
Medal Pal'K a l'e inviting
to patrons leaving the
near by Guthl'ie Theater,
which is famous (01' its
blue (acade
in parks (and 262,000 on stree.

In 20 the DOTb a pilot program in Central Park to test LED
lights as a replacement for standard
Ioo-wa metal halide park lights.
lt found that LED lights last o
three times as long, while allowing
for better visibr at lower light intensity, which would save $94,7IO
per year in that one pk
116/ LANSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV2011
PETER HARN1K. A5LJ. 15 DIRECTOR OF THE

TRU5T FOR PU8UC LANO'5 CENER FOR CIlY
PARK EXCELLENCE. BA5EO 1N WA5H1NGTON ,
O.C., ANO AUTHOR OF UR8AN GREEN: fNNOVAT1' PARKS FOR RESURGENT cmES (15LANO
PRE55, 2010). RYAN OONAHUE 15 THE CENTER'5 RE5EARCH 01RECTOR JORQAN THALER,
FORMERLYWITH THE CENTER, 15 NOW OFFICE
AOMJNJ5TRATOR FOR NEWYORK CTTY'5 BRYANT
PARK CORPORATION
42JMzux
ln Santa Fe, New Mexicoleityparks

department has installed new LED
lights ong epalwayS of Frend
Field, a 17-ae recreation park. They
turn on by way of motion sensors
and change brighless depending on
ambient conditions. They also have
broader wavelengths, according to
Santa Fe Parks Division Director Fabian Chavez, so that they illuminate
better, even with less light There are
er benefi t.. Since LEDse
onlya action of the power of inCaI1descent or sodin-vapor bulbs,
ey can be powered by solar panels,
meaning that they can be erected
without any conntion to the electrical grid. "1 can install them with my
own crew," says Chavez.
The advent of LEDs has also allowed

landscape architects to just plain
have more fun. Some have bathed
center-city parks in ka1 eidoscopic
public art displays, allowing parks
to become more prominent civic
landmarks and draw more tourists.
Phoenix's Civic Space Park has a
stunning LED-clad 145-foot sculpture in its center. Gold Meda1 Park
in Minneapolis, part of a revitalized
MiJl District, features blue-lit benches that echo the facade of the adjacent Guthrie Theater, from which
it draws visitors. Simon and Helen
Director Park in Portland, Oregon,
has a glassnopy lit with multicolor LED lights , which creates a new
downtown nigh me ca1 point o
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V.
FEATURE5
THE WALLS ARE ALIVE
Two green walls show qUlte dltrerent
approaches In thelr deployment. At a hotel
in Portland , Oregon, the vertical growth
dissolves in a solld-and-vold dlalogue It plC
up from the ground plane of a newcourtyard.
Longwood Gardens, near Philadelphla , has
gone forvegetal immersion along lWo curving
waUs inside its new public rest station. 80th
installations take a good bit of labor to keep
up their irresistible lushness. Meanwhile,
in Green 8ay, Wisconsin, the newCityDeck
along the waterfront is a triple winner: I t's
got an intriguing strategy and design; it' s
already stimulated new development; and
it's a hit wi th the people. And on a tranquil
farmsteadin Pennsylvania, tv1 ichael Vergason ,
FASLA. arranges new native stone walls
like the lines of a poem to join old ones,
and where the land wanted to be wet , he
ingeniously created a pond.

2 820000
$023aEEU
DAY51NN
DAY50 UT
AN OLD MOTEL GOE5 UP5CALE ,
AND IT5 PARKING LOT BECOME5
A 5WANK COURTYARD-AND
THE PLACE TO BE.
BY MARK HINSHAW
LEFT
The south half of the

central urtya at
t he Hotel Modera is
open to the pub1i c.
ANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
MAGAZIN E NOV201 1 / 129
o one M
med to build a m new hotel in Portland,
Oregon, in many years, despite the city latent demand and

available properties nextthe soaring glass convention center.
What has been happening instead is the reworking of seconddass hotels and nondescript motels into sdng sleek places to
st These properti are meant to appeal primarY to travelers
in their twenties and thirties who are looking for something difrent om the blandness ofinternational hotel brands.
These lodgings are 0en high-style rnash.ups: part college dorJ.itory part art galle part music venue , pt hip resort That
is the atrnosphere at the Modera, a sophistited hotel situated
in the rather backwater southern part ofPortland's downtown.
lt was formerly a downscale Days lnn, but the place has been
transformed to fumish eye candy alongside hospitality.
The Portland.based landscape architecture firm Lango Hansen
was part of a design team that turned a former pad19 lot of
the motel into a courtyard that is as functional as it is delightful. Working with Holst Architectureey fied the new space
right on top of the asphalt The basic organizational palee is
simple. Three surfaces were used on the ground plane. A central wall'ay ofMeranti wood is fl.anked on one side by crushed
granite and on the other side by scored concrete. A long,
elegant, glass-topped steelloggia bisects the space, providing
a rain cover om the lobby to the sidewalk. Stone sculptures
found inside the urtyard also appear on the street, and low
walls permit views inward so that the space fl.ows searnlessly
with the public realm. Anyone can wander in and enjoy the
space, as many people in the surrounding neighborhood do.
Coral bark maple trees rise up and fl.are outward drarnatically

from elevated box planters apped in Cor.Ten steel. The rust
ofthe swfaces echoes the distinctive red color ofthe branches.
The concrete wall<ways om the motel era are still there, but
130/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV 201 1
ten'i....
9'..n
rf
plonler
C ttoeh to stHS
.teel frome
Woterprd bIdi n9 .
Qri.p
irgotion
lines olong top of ceUs
fems ond moss 8ton.
o.n -
Sand fiJter
P.cfe.tol pov.r.
O( .trueture
ABOVE
green wall is
composed of squa e
cells initially plan ted
in the suppli e 's
greenhouses, then
brought to the site
and c1 ipped onto a
system of supports
and i ri gation.
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To one side ofthe linear trellis is a generous uyard contain.

ing lounge chairs and elevated, rectlar fire pi dad with
steel. According to Jane Hansen, ASLA, a coprincipal of Lango
Hansen, the intent of the finelyrushed granite and 1e pits
was to make the place feel <e a beach, an ect reinforced by
the chairs' legs digging in sand when people move the chairs
around. On a wm dear day people were sprawled about sun.
ning themselves with their feet propped up while the wait staff
served drinks. Overhead fabric shades help make the place feel
like a resort, although there is no pool or ocean.
-24ZHE
zoEWS.EUJMB
dpZME
they were made more refined by being saw-t nto

squar With the top surface ground to reveal the aggregate, they resemble stone pavers.
The former hotel had a long and narrow pool on the
southem, sunny side, which the deslersconveed into
a catchment basin for a rain garden and a planted plaza
on the south side of e long trellis-covered walkway.
This part ofthe project is particularly striking. AJong the
mostsouerlyedge of the propertye sloping driveway
that leads down to underground parking was endosed

with a roof and a wall. A gr n roof sits atop the slab
and provides an upper terrace fi.ll ed with vine maple and
hinoki false cypress trees along with salal and evergreen
huckleberry shrubs that can be seen om the grolmd.
Facing the inner courtyard and plaza, the inner wall endlVey s designed as a vertical green plane
faced with a q uiJ tlike arrangement of vegetation growg
ABOVE
The north half of the

courtyard is fo hotel
guests, wth activity in the
lounge and staurant
spi11ing ou t. The space is
contained by a low fence
and a planting pocket
filled wth 9asses
horizontally. Plants indude a mixture of woodfems,
AN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE
MAGAZINE NOV 20 11 1 131
THIS PA GE
The tightly organized

cou tyard is bisected
bya canopy leading to
the lobby
132/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV 20
mondo grass, winterg:reen, licorie fem, and Huchen-most "This installation does demand a siintly high level of maintenance," Hansen notes, "in addition to the initial costs, which
of them native to e Padfic Nohwest
can be up to $200 per square foot installed." The wall system
The wall planting system, by GSky Plant Systems, is composed is packed into a relatively small area; it measures 13 feet high
of six-inch squares of filter fabric wrapped around a two-foot- by 64 feet long, but the visual impact is nonetheless striking.
thick inner layer of compressed soil and punctuated with
holes. The com pany, based in Canada, plants seedlings prior Despite the cost and innovative planting system, Hansen obto installation and grows them initially so that the vegetative serves that the client kept pressing the design ten to c:reate
ect is almost instantaneous upon completion. Drip irrigation unique and elegant spaces. A co-owner, A1an Battersby, who
mamtams appropnate m Olsture.
along with his palers Craig Schafer and Desmond Mollendor
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has a company called Posh Ventures, encouraged them to ink creatively and infuse the
project with cuing- edge approaches. They
clearly understood the cost implications and yet
were extremely supportive. Hansen expresses
relief that nothing was dropped from the design by value engineering.
ABOVE
The covered walkway

runs from the street
to the hotel entrance.
IN SET
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D
zdg
The plaza also includes horizontal. groundlevel planting pockets over e old pool. These,
together with the vertical green wall, produce
a space at is calm even though it is a few
feetaway om the busy sidewaLk and a nearby
light-railline. No barriers or signs disourage entry, alough Project Credits
the front desk was positioned to have a clear view ofthe space. CEIII POSHVENTURES LLC, SEATILE (ALAN BATIERSB' CRAIG SCHAFER, AND
"We were trying to bring architecture to the outside," Hansen DESMONO MOLLENOOR). LANDSCAPE ARCHIECT LANGO HANSEN LANOSCAPE
ARCHEC PORTLAND , OREGON (JANE HANSEN, AS LA; KURT LANGO, ASLA;
says. And it works. The courtyard draws the spirit of the in- ELAINE KEARNEY; ANOREA SAVEN, ASLA; AND B1AN SCHROEOER). ARCHrTECT
terior all the way to the street in a way that is tailored. casual, HOLST ARCHIE CTURE PORTLAND OR EGON VIL ENGINEER KPFF CONSULT1NG ENGINEERS. PORTLAND, OREGON ARTIST MICH1H1RO KOSUGE, PORLANO
and very sociable, 0
MARK H1NSHAW 1S THE D1RECTOR OF URBAN DES1GN FOR LMN ARCHITECTS
In the evenings, open

fire pits draw people
to surrounding
seating.
OREGON . GREENWALL SYSEM GSKY PLANT SYSTEMS INC., VANCOUVER , BRrT1SH COLUMB1A. CONTRACOR S. D. OEACON, PORTLANO, OREGON. LANDSCAPE
MAINTENANCE TEUFEL LANDSCAPE. PORTLAND. OREGON
INSEALE
1341 LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
ww daZMEa-E'
'adEMu
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11/135
TE RRACE
R ESTAURANT
10' 2t'
.,
Scdr. I ~ " l'
Lood
Gardens, in heas Pennsylva

nia, is known for taking horticulture to an uncounon level that melds history, plants , and design
into stunning visual narratives. The Brandywine
VaUey land, formerly a Quaker farm , was purchased
by the industrialist Pierre du Pont in 1906 as a way
to preserve trees. As du Pont a.quired more land over
the years, he used it as a place to foster his creative side
and love of gardening. For du Pont's friends and family, it
became a destination for grand festivities. Toy as a public
garden, Longwood provides amazing views, education, culture,
and history to i visitors all with a serious dose of wonder.
ABOVE
The East
ous upkeep. The entire conservato complex which indudes

the Main, East, and West conservatories and production areas,
encompasses 4.5 aes ofspace and features h a1f a lile ofstroUing paths. Visitors can easily spend hour or o wandering
through it The restoration ofthe East Conservatorywas completed in 2 0 05 after three years ofrenovations; it was ornallyanad
dition by du Pont to the Main Conservatory. The project induded
rehabilitation ofa music room and ba1lroom as well as an excellent
newdldren's garden. These improvements, coupled with the
huge number ofvisitors each ye" led to the birth of the East Conservatory Plaza project Paul Redman, the director of Longwood
Conservatry Plaza
plan inco po ates
a 200-year -old Taxus
seamlessly in the
new design
dua
h
J
JM
136/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV20 11
All ofis gardening goodness requires restoration and continu-
the building's east entrances. H idden

underneath the terraced slope and attached to the East Conservatory are the south
wall's domed restroo15. Wilkie worked with the
London-based architects Michaelis Boyd to create a
concept for the naturally top restroom pods.
ZEE-SEOZSEMhg
ua JZS EEU
ABOVE
The East Conserva tory

Plaza creates space
for gatherings and
seating.
lNSET
The creation of the
sculpted lawn form
required significant
gading to bury the
new restoom pods.
Gardens , The restroom corridor is inconspicuoIy built into the terexplains that raced lawn on the outside, but inside , a long, elegant green wall
the smaller Main Con- unfoldsiningly like a botanical dreamscape, along either
servatory's entrance and lower- side ofthe curving corridor's walls. The Philadelphia landscape
level resh.oornsouldn't handle the numbers arhitecture firm Wells Appel was brought in to elaborate the
of visitors , which reach 000 on peak days. The new East Con- designs ofboth the plaza and the green wall- and to act as the
selvatory Plaza eates addition grand entrances and alleviates landscape architect of record and as the prime conh.actor of
congestion at the Main Conservatory entrance. And it provides the design team. T he effort was a teaIcollaboration among
several multidisciplinary firms. Wilkie interacted with Wells
ahomefor 17 ue and very necessary mooern restrooms.
Appel and Longwood Gardens throughout the process. "The
The British landscape architect Kim Wilkie had been review- abty of the team to work together was essential, because
ing designs for the East Conselvatory Plaza wi.e Longwood almost everything wasstom designed," notes Stuart Appel,
Gardens staff when he came up with his own concept for the FASLA, a principal ofWells Appel.
space. They reviewed many designs , but none of them stu
Redman notes. Wilki e's concept induded a curved and ter- As you arrive at the East Conservatory Plaza, you first absorb
raced lawn and a multiuse plaza that would be oriented toward the large scale of the building itsel f, which is tempered by
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV201 1 1137
his
green wall is said to be the largest in

North America. At 14 feet high, it has more
1 4000squ.'e feet of plants that grow i590
one-foot-square stainless steel panels produced by GSky
Plant Systems, lnc., of Vancouver, Blitish Columbia. The
panels each contain 13 plant plugs, gro\vn in coconut coir
fiber in trays in Florida and transported to LonlVood. The
design consists of 25 species of ferns and philodendrons.
The mounting system attaches the panels and drip irrigation
system to e corridor's conete walls. 1t took less an three
weeks to instaU.
The corridor has a north-facing waU of concrete, a south-facing

wall also of concrete, and a glass greenhouse roo f, creating
dirent light conditions throughout its length. The varying
conditions on each wall required a zonal irrigation system to
customize the ip irrigation so that it accommodates changing light and weath. which in turn helps prevent diseases
The green wall curves along and out of sight, revealir1g the and pests. Lorrie Baird, a senior gardener at Lon1V00d is in
doors to eah of 17 private restrooms, and loops around a charge of green wall maintenan. She relies on integrated
s1 pool at the far end, like an exclamation point to finish an pest management techniques as well as oTganic methods to
LEFT
The north
and south restrooms
f1 ank the green rf
corridor.
RIGHT
The terraced lawn

creates a multiuse
space for seating
or play
INSET
The indi dual restroom

pods allow naturallight
in from above
JE JJUEOZJ
ZOE
As you enter the East Conservatory rough its grand sets of

d you irnmediately see the lush beauty of its interior, smeU
its fragrant ftowe feel its warmth , and hear the sounds of
water. But when nature calls, and visitors fo Llow the signs that
point them to the restrooms, they get a surprise. Arold a
corner, another lush landscape appes.
otherwise utilitarian
corridor. The spacious
restrooms have modern
decor and mostly rounded
walls. Natural light filters
into each restroom from the
domed ceilings.
E zauuJ
d
hzuo
gz oooZ ZQJE u-5 8
Wilkie's wide, seamless plaza and the curved and terraced lawn.
Up over the steep slope at the top ofthe lawn, you see a hint
of the green wall corridor's glass roof as it forms a backdrop
to the riew. The plaza paving uses Addaset, a resin-bound
aggregate surfacing that looks like tiny pebbles, which closely
resembles e building facade. There is a cpet of Kentucky
bluegrass sod in the terraced areas, which is mowed and can
be used for seating. Children seem to appreciate this. On the
day 1 visited, there were kids cljmbing the banks and rolling
bacl< down. The steep upper slopes are covered with three varieties of fine fesue grasses, left unmowed, to create a neutral
green canvas that offers a better view of the hint of glass roof
just above it. The plaza is vast in scale, at 105, 000 sqre fee t.
The sculpturallawn comprises five terraces and spans 800
square feet, which encompasses all the subterranean lavatories
on the south side of the green waU corridor. Mature trees at
the perimeter ofthe site were preserved, and the sight ofthem
helps weave togeer the new and the old landscapes.
In the decade before the green wall's construction, the space

that it ocupies had been used as a construction staging area.
The corridor's addition on what was literal a blank slate
makes the most of necessaly restrooms and sticks with Longwood's ethics of snability and environmental stewardship. The small amount of runoff water from the green wall
panels coUects in floor drains and is taken out of the system.
This runo ff, along wi restroom wastewater, is tr1Sported
to Longwood's own wastewater management facility. Aft er
the water is deaned, it is stored for use in irrigation. As for
air quality, as if 1,050 verdant acres at Longwood isn't carbon
credit enough, the grn waJ l corridor alone is said to provide
asmuch0gen as 90 trees standing I4 ft high, and it cleans
morethan 000 pounds of toxins from the air each year.
The green wall project took two and a half yearsdesign and
bld before its dedication in October 20IO. At a cost of around
$375,000, the project was a huge investrnent for Lonood.
But in a pub!lic relations sense, qte teraUy, it pays 0 nicely.
Visitors benefit om the added resrns and their discovrof
the green wall is yet another Lonoodmvel-and in a very
pected place. The wall brings tte immersion,
and an elegance to what could otherwise be a humdrum area you would want to escape as qddyas
possible. The gardeners and h0l1ulturists at
LongwoodGdens continue to monitor and
address maintenance issues for the green
wall, the terraced lawn, and the plaza
The profsional staff is busy sharing
their green wall knowledge and experience through lecturesit has
become a very popular topic. Paul
Redman is quite pleased with the
results. He admits that it amounts
to one big experirnent, but he thinks
of the green wall as case study in
how to do this right" 0
NICOlE NEDER , A550CIAE A5LA, 15 A LAND5CAPE
DE5IGNER AND FREELANCE WRITER BA5ED IN THE PHILADElPHIAAREA
4 JhZWD
OEOZSE u
ABOVE
A sti11 pool at the end
of the coido r- acts
as a focal point as you
walk th r-ough and adds
a place to sit and ew
the gr-een wall.
maintain the plants. In the year that the wall has existed, she
has found need to replace three of the plant species with other
species that will perform better, though she has found few
problems with pests or diseases. Brd notes that among her
daily maintenane work on the green wall are routine checks
on the irrigation system, the occasional trimming of the fastgrowing plants, and the occasional replacement of panels in
areas where plants are not looking stellar. She estimates that
she spends 16 to 24 hours a week maintaining the wall.
Project Credits
LAN DSCAPE ARCHECT KIM WIlKIEASSOCIATES, BISHOP'S WAl1 HAM , ENGLAND,
LANOSCAPE ARCHITECT OF RECOR WEll5 APPEl, PHlLADElPHIA ARCHITECT
MICHAEUS BOYO, LONOON, ARCH ECT OF RECORO FAREWELL MIllS GATSCH
ARCHITECT5. lLC, PRINCEON. NEW JER5EY. CUENT lONGWOOD GARDEN5.
KENNETTSOUARE , PENNSYLVANIA, CONSTRUCON MANAGER BANCROFT CON5TRUCTION, WIlIMINGTON. ELAWARE STRUCTURAl EN Gl NEER BAKER INGRAM.
NEWARK, OELAWARE, UGHNG ESIGN THEUGHNG PRAcnCE, PHlLAOELPHIA,
VIL EN Gl NEER VAN N
OTE-HARVEY. PRINCETON, NEW JER5 EY. MECHANlCAl,
ELECTRICAL, ANO PLUMBING OEOC. NEWARK. OELAWARE GEOTECHNlCAL ENGINEER DUFFIELDA550CE5 . WIlMINGTON. DELAWARE. IRRIGA'ON DESIGN
IRRIGA'ON CONSUING INC" PEPPERELL, MASSACHUSETTS. GREEN WALL
COMPONENTS G5KY PLANT5YSTEM5. VANCOUVER R15H COlUMBIA
,
140 / ~ANOSCAPE ARC HITECTURE MAGAZINE NQV 201 1
LEFT
Gr een Bay's new

Ci tyDeck is a catalyst
for the city's downtown
r enaissance-and an
inter es ti ng place to sit.
LANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE MABAZINE INOV 2011 /141
142/ LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZIN E NOV 20
LEFT
CityOeck flanks the east

side of the industial
Fox River, whose
wates ae still plied
by massive Great Lakes
ca 9 0 ships
ERE'S SOMETHING NEW: AN ARTICLE

GREEN BAY THAT DOESN'T MENTION THE PACKERS. Well, maybe just in this
stparph. The title came back to Titletown last
year when the lowest-seeded ten in the playo
irnprobably won Super Bowl XLV. Green Bay, an improbable
NFL town to begin with (population IOI,OOO, very smaU media
market), went justifiably nuts for the green and gold, a team
tha~ in many ways, the city had been building om the ground
up for a decade or more. But this wasn't going to be an article
about footba L!, right? O K. No more football.
ABOT
Also building slowly from within in Green Bay over the past
decade was a downtown renaissance almost as irnprobable as ,
well, you know. The visible culrnination of that renaissance is
the CityDeck, a three-block-long waterfront plaza and promenade, designed by the Boston-based firm Stoss La ndscape
Urbanism. CityDeck is composed of angled wood planes and
custom concrete pavers, and it features an array of built-in
wood seating that seems extmded up om the boardwalk itse
On what used to be derelict waterfront, this unique design
anchors a scrum of new and renovated buildings jostling for
views and urlban pedestrian tra c. For downtown Green Bay to
go from uncompetitive to contender took some design talent,
yes, but also a comrnitted community and a charismatic mayor.
Ir
Wa
s
abo
I
O
Ji
m1 Sc
r
hmi
tt
in his 0Ce and within 10 minutes he was
speed-walking out the door, with me in tow, because he
wanted to show me his downtown. Schmitt was first elected
in 200} H e's a native of Green Bay and for years ran a company at tumed waste paper into disposable tissues like the
ones barbers put around your neck. His paper background is
very Green Bay: It's an industry and shipping town. The city,
which sits w here the Fox River flows into its namesake bay,
has the classic combination of Great Lakes water access and
LANOSCAPE ARC HIECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11/143
MME
FE=ou
MJLFA
ZBd
MOB
=zu
F-z
MZ-ah
MIXED.U5E CAF 5 RE5TAURAN

CHILDREN'5 MU5EU M , OFFICE5,
CONDOMINlUM5
teLBPKBUNBE S
proximity to Midwestern forests and farmlands that has given

lise to plenty ofsimilar resow-ce.dtiven cities: Chicago, Detroit,
Cleveland, Milwaukee, Toledo. The boats still call today. More
than 200 commercial vessels per y'r-some ofthem massive
ocean freighters- dock at about I5 active terminals up and
down the Fox River.
Green Bay's waterfront used to bustle with both industrial and
social actity. Downtown was, just Iike everwhere else, the
heart of the city. hen in the I960s, also just Iike evewhere
else, business started to move to the outskirts and the core began to die. As a stopgap measure, a mall was built downtown,
severing the w-ban grid. At the sne time, industries were
moving out, ship traffic was delining and the watelfront be.
came neglected. It turned into a site for parking and garbage
collection.
ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
the city to the east on o w- drive up from Chicago. 1 now Iive

in Minneapolis, and since 2005 my mother has lived full time
in Ooor County's Sturgeon Bay, justthe north. Regular
visits there with my wife and two young children require a
vertigo.inducing ive over the Leo Frigo Memorial Bridge,
which rises up over the Fox River (and, in fac t, the entire city)
just north of downtown. 1 have seen the piles ofblack coal and
white limestone sitting inches from e slack water of the Fox;
the massive freighters groaning their way upstre all the
downtown drawbridges open; the frozen , wind.scalloped bay
and a city osted in white, all quiet.
144/LAN SCAPE
G rmB long been at the fringes of my Growi

up, my family would vacation in Ooor County, sking
-4
23 ae
-2
z55FZaozdJE
PPOEux-9
A80VE
A lineup of summe
programs activate the
design th weeknight
concerts and lunch time
food vendors
MMZ
5zdd
-MM
F
EMZU
CONOOMINIUMS
MIXEO.USE RETAILI
CAF. OFFICES,
CDNODMINIUMS
.-
r 'CK
CAF~~TA~f
PHASE)
(FUTURE
PHASE)
....IFUTURE
IERRAC E'
WAJ{
m',
STREE"f".... /
PIER
(F URE
PHASE)
T wo u1d never have imagined something like the CityDeck

cou1d be built here. I've seen plenty of snazzy waterfronts in
other dties- more vaunted cities, destination cities: Toronto,
Seattle, Chicago. But in Green Bay? Im probable.
The m ayor's take: "Wf! re going to have something so unique

down here, something so special, that it going to be the first
step in revitalizing our whole downtown ." He cnpaignedon
this (he just won his J.i.rd term) and shepherded the entire pr.
cess, and at times he was derided for spending public money
on what some called "e mayor's yellow brick road." Schmitt
sees e CityDeck as one pie albeit a critical piece, of a tota1
downtown redevelopmen t. But on the CityDeck specifically,
he ares at Green Bay cou1d have done something more
modest- that many would have expected something more
modest-but that the city needed to look 50 years forward and
ask itself what it wou1d be known for then.
1 fust laid eyes on the CityDeck about three hours before meeting the mayor. T can't remember the last time T was in downtown Green Bay and, notably, neither cou1d my mother, when 1
mentioned to her 1wou1d be visiting the city for this article. She
com es to town to shop, but never into the center. We deded
to make a day of it, booked rooms at the Days Inn, just steps
from the waterfron t, and enjoyed a picture-perfect late snmer
day strolling the boardwalk before 1 went to meet the mayor.
GREEN BAyJS MAYOR

J1M SCHM1T T OUGHT
T E C1TY NEEDED
TO LOOK 50 YEARS
FORWARD AND ASK
W AT 1T WOULD BE
KNOWN FOR THEN
CityDeck stretches for three blocks along the westem shore of

the Fox, between the Ray Nitschke and Walnut Street blidges.
It is blt on top of the existing river bu1khead wall. Described
L AN SCA P EARCHIE CTUR E
MAGAZIN E NOV 2011 /145
most simplisticall.l CityDed< ftures two basic materials: a

wide ipe wood boardwalk at the river's edge and a linear and
slightly narrower concrete paver plaza between the boardwalk
and buildings. The geometry ofthe spaces is pleasantly erratic,
edges jogging in and out seemingly by whim. here cinching
the space a little tighter. there extending a belvedere out over
the river. The boardwalk portion is punctuated by seatingmade ofthe same ip -that rises up from the walking surface
in various shapes and configw.ations.
TOP
The eating is designed
to give ample choice of
posture and purpose
I N SET
146 /
LAN SCAPE
-@
~-MO
Eg
Mud
A fountain et water
feature (which can be
activated by anyone at
the touch of a button)
entertains visitors.
l.oul't drag elandspe architect. Chris Reed. ASLA. of

Stoss. out to Green Bay om Boston for an aernoon. so 1
talked to him by phone once 1 got home. He told me at his
earliest concepts, envisioned back in 2004 when he was asked
to prepe a larger master plan for the downtown waterfront.
featured the wooden planes of the boardwalk. Back then. he
says. he wanted a series of wooden platforms that would "start
up at the city grid and fold their way up and down, o.eating a
diversity ofspaces along the very tight waterfront" Upon fu
investigation ofthe bkhead wall during detailed design. Reed
found that what he thought was a uniform river edge was in fact
a mess of different elevations. structures, and ages of construction. The design, then. had to remain fl.exible. but Stoss had
already laid e groundwork [or that with its minimalist concep t. The geometrically independent triad o[ design elements
-boardw. paver plaza, and seating-could fl.ex and move
as needed to address the underlying reality. l
VWS
~~
H
...._~
,,
.. .
INTEOR/EXTEORP~RAMS
- -
R1VER VIEWS
, ,
r
i -
L
e
" -
UPLAND PROGRAMS
LAWN
<:AF TERRACfS
WATERA;rURE
PlAZA
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
PEOESTRIAN CONNTION
CONNECTIONS
i.......
E
~
r---
PRlMARY EVENT SPACf

TENDEO EVENT SPACE
EVENT SPACES
_- - - )
~
OOWNTOWN CONNECTlON
VERCONNE'10N
- l REGIONAL RECRTION TRAlL
LANOSCAPE ARCHIECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011 /147
10"
3'-4"
1YPlCAL BENCH
CONSTRUCTION
VAES
32"
1'-6"
VAES
VARIES
6'-6
THIS PAGE
For the seating , St oss

cr eated a simple, evocative
I<it of part s tha t coul d be
cons tr ucted on si te.
3k
1
Z
-
'-2"
SEd zddEEM
148/
L AN S CA PE
ARCHITECTURE M AGAZIN E NOV 20
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ABOVE
AT RI GHT
Together, the benches

(top , showing the metal
structue beneath ) and
boadwalk constitute
one of two p r i mar y
desi gn moves, the
other bei ng a field of
cus tom concrete pave S
(bot tom) , which are
pemeable i n pl aces
. .as chai ses l ong ues,

backed benches, and
several ot her types
A'"
~ ' L8.4
The seati ng seems to

rise Up fom the ipe
boar dwal k. ..
B ELOW
/ _ ASTOAC'
EOzaz
SSZE
XEO ESH SCREEJII

BETWEEN BENCH TYPES
COVE RlNG LARGER BENCH OPENING
ETAl TRUSSES
lPE DECKING
@ D
OSESE
ZDEU
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gwads-23305
L AN SCA P EARCHIE CTU R E
MAGAZIN E NOV 20 11/149
T E
DESIGN
15 FLA5HY AND
SUBTLE AT THE
SAME TIMEPURE ARTISTRY
FROM A SIMPLE
MOTIF
Embedded within this simple fiow of space, says Reed, is a

deliberate cliversity of scales meant to provide comfort for inclividuals , small groups, and large gaerings. At the inclividual
level, he says, are the benches: "The whole idea here is that we
could fold the wood surfaces in ways that could aommodate
the human body in a number of different ways depending on
peopl e's moods and people's body types."
CityDeckftures about IO dirent seating optio all with
a rigid angular geome that reflects the plaza's edges 1 are
long and linear, either just behind the railing at the water's edge
or nosed up to the boardwall< farler back to form the boundary between the wood and the pavers. Some are backless and
look like the number 7 in oss section, while some reverse
the 7's ateangletoeate a sloped-out vertical support Some
seating is double height, with a lower bench's bad< forming
the leg rest of an upper, backless seat. Some are chaises, like
beach chairs in stasis, but with width enough for dozens. l.arge
groups can gather on severallarge platforms, W<e the ShopKo
BELOW
CityOec l< was built

in conjuncti on th
re develpment of
the watefont such
as these high -end
condominiums with
stunning sunset
views over the
Fox River.
-@
~-MO
Eg
Mud
150/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE M AGAZINE NOV 20
started trying out benches. And lookin.g around. It was maybe

80 degrees , with a light breeze, on a Thursday afternoon.
Small groups were walking around, obviously happy, but not
sing anywhere. The number 7 cross-sectional benches are
lspificallyasked Reed about his middle scale, the small group fine , but their partne theonswith ekickedard base,
gathering spaces, because the CityDeck suck me as very linear. are difficult to even sit down on, because you have to stand so
He pointed to two locations. There's the spot where the outer far forward of the seat. 1 was moderately comfortable in the
edge of the boardwalk inRects a lie rota19 a w benchesto chaises 10 but the backs are perfectly straight, rather
face slightly toward each other. And the upper teace between thancurv19 toward vertical to support the head. I'm 5-foot-ro
the CityDed< itself and a forthcoming restaurant elevates some and felt all right, but my mother, at 5-foot-4, just di'tfit. The
seating above the ay. 1 agree there are some interesting places double-layer benches usually have the kick-forward base, so
to sit alone 01' as a couple, and 1 agree (ough 1 didn't happen they're tricky, too , and the upper seat, above the bak.rest hit
to be there on a festival day) that the large gathering spaces me just below the shoulder blades. And since the detail has
likely work very well, but when 1 visited the project 1 had been that upper sea t's slatting extending forward over the vertical
f slats of the backrest, a pointy edge 0urs right at the upper
generally concemed about the seati and Re
ed's short list of

middle-scale moments didn't reassure me. The inflection he ref- back. Reed told me that Stoss prototyped each seating option
erences is a widely obtuse angJe, and a stairway passes between at full scale, out of plywood, and had various sta membersof
the seats right at the point of the angle. That doesn't make for various sizes try them out, making adjustrnents before finalsociable s19. The rest of CityDed<'s seating is arranged in izing them. Tha t's a sound design process, so 1 am at a loss
strght lines, but there are no parallellines. It is impossible to to pln my own discomfort on sit
sit across om someone anNhere on the site, and a group o(
sa) veors people would have to sit side by side by side and Normally 1 wouldn't harp on sea19 so much, but this projcrane their necks forward to speak to one another.
ect is all about the sea18. True, there are exquisite details
throughout:e locally made pavers arestom of a pleasing
When my mother and 1 walked the length of the deck before trapezoidal shape, and laid as an underlying field that never
my meeting with the mayor, we raved about the project lt is exactly matches the angle of the boardwalk; the water-edge
definitely memorabJe. It has an aesthetic that is engaging and railing switches om heavy maritime timber to thin delicate
unique. But when 1 met up with her again aer meeting Mayor metal, creating impOltant valiation in what could have been
Schmitt, she was still walking the boardwaLk, book in hand. a monotonous line; and the benches themselves, aesthetiShe had been unable to find anywhere comfortable to si t. So 1 cally, are striking and gorgeous. But when both the mayor
La nding, a deck with a folded surface meant to conjure E

fractured ice found in the Fox River in winter (several more
will be built over the n few years as phases 2d 3)'
22aoz3805
RIGHT
The ShpKo Landing

is the primary la ge
gathering space
right now, but two
larger terraces wi11
be built next year
in phase two.
L AN SCAPEARCHIECTURE
MAGAZIN E NOV 20 11/ 1Sl
and landscape architect talk about re. :reating the social heart
of downtown. 1 can't help but wish there was some sociable
sea19 in downtown's het
That heart, though, on the whole seems to be rebounding. My
mother and r had dinner at Republic Chophouse a few blocks
'Om the wateront The mayor and 1 had popped in there on
our whirlwind tour. He considers it one of many downtown suc.
cess stories: 1 new. and would never have opened downtown
10 years ago. A block or so away is Koko, a sushi restaurant
at relocated in from the suburbs after the CityDeck opened.
Riverfront Lofts is a new condominium building that faces the
water. Tt has 26 units and an assessed value Of$22 1iI1ion. At
the other end ofthe deck is 1s on the Fox, aplents with
le same views as Riverfront but med at middle.lass earners
(and it has deck.facing retail on the ground fl.oor). In between
sits an old department store bung being converted into one
of the more diverse mixed.use projects 1 have encountered: a
restaurant with dining out on the CityDeck, offi.es residential
units, a parking garage. and a brand.new chiJ dren's musen.
An d the old mall, the mall that some say put the nail in down.
town's coffin? While 1 was in town it was being demolished,
with the Days Inn soon to fo l1ow, to be replaced by the corpo.
rate headq uarters and technology center of a major processed
cheese company (please hold your cheesehead jokes). That
company wil1 bring 550 new employees downtown.
AsabommdmdMidwterner 1 have seen m poten
tially excel1ent projects dumbed down by an embedded re.

gional practicality and reluctance to stand out This is especially
true in smal1er. grittier cities like Green Bay. But Reed told me
his work in Green Bay, coming on the heels of another smaller
waterfront plaza in Milwaukee, has been some of the most
rewarding in his career. "Midwestern pragmatism," he said,
"doesn't exdude ambition for what (Midwesterners] want out
oftheir city life and siallife and for their kids:' A cornerstone
of Stoss's work is solving practical problemsinfrastmture
problems, social problems, environmer1 problems- while
also creating innovative landscapes. It's a tough balance, but
well suited to places like Green Bay.
Mayor Schrnitt thics that Reed understood the city omthe

beginning, and 1 have agree. If the seating were what seating
should be, 1 wouild consider this one of the most interes19
contextually appropriate projects 1 have had the ple to
visit-and it's just three blocks long and had a total budget of
only $12 rnil1ion (that's for all three phases). And what's more,
CityDeck is trulya catalyst for all the rest
-@
~-MO
Eg
Mud
The design does achieve that balance. It does manage to be

fl.ashy and subtle at the se time. 1 keep rning it over in my
head: First it strikes me with its boldness and anrity then
1 come down from the initial high and realize it's just wood
and pavers. and then 1 see again the pure aistry that Stoss
managed from such a simple motif. And during our phone call,
Reed lobbed one more subtlety at me: The custom pavers have
tiny f!ecks of green, so they have a verdigris tinge in certain
ghts and the trees all turn yellow in the fall, just as Sundays
become dedicated to , well. you know.
ABOVE
A beautiful , unexpected
design has already
brought newfound
prosperity to downtown
Green Bay.
"We stiU have a lot ofwork to do ," the mayor told me, gesturing around a bustling downtown that a decade ago just wasn't
worth visiting, "but we couldn't be doing these [redevelopments) wss we reactivated and rennected the commurty
with the waterfron t.
"Eight years ago ," he continued, in a rting commen t, "we
were hopeful , But now. ..." He trailed 0 with a grin. Nice at
a Grn Bay mayorn say that--about the ty, instead of
theten. O
AOAM REGN A RVl DSDN , FASLA, IS A REGULAR CONRIBUTOR TO L4NDSCAPE
Pr ect Credits
ClIENT CI1Y OF GREEN BA WJSCONSIN OESIGNER STOSS LAN SCAPE URBAN-
ISM, BOSTON (CHRIS REEO, ASLA, PNClPAL LEA OESIGNER SCO BISHOP
ASLA, PROJECT MANAGER, OESIGN TEAM ' M BARNER; CATHY BRAASCH; SEVE
CARlUCCI, JIll OESIMINI; ARIAN FEHRMANN , ASLA; CARL FRUSHOUR, ASLA,
USTIN MALONE; CHRIS MUSKOPF; SUSAN FITZGERAlO; JANA ENZ; USL
KOTHEIMER , 8RYAN MIYAHARA, GRAHAM lMER MEGAN STUDER, ANO SARAH
STRUCTURAl ENGINEERING
WRIGH URBAN ESIGN VmER OENK, MllWAUKEE
GRAEF ANHAlJ SCHLOEMERANOASSOCIATES, GREEN BIW1SJNSIN. ClVIlANO

GEOTECHNlCAl ENGINEERING STS CONSU lJANTS/AECOM, GREEN BI( WJSCON
SIN . UGHNG
OESIGN UGHT THIS' , BOSTON SOIlSENCE PINE + SWAllOW,

GROTON , MASSACHusms El.E CTRlCAl ANO PWMBING CLARK 011Z GREE N
BAY, WISCONSIN. COST WF BAIRO ASSOCTES MAOlSON , WJSCONSIN GENERAL

CONTRACTOR THE SElMER COMPA GREEN B lSCONSIN
MAGAZINE. HIS MOTHER PLANS TO BRING HER FRIENOSo

OOWNTOWN GREEN BAY MORE 0 EN
ARCH.ECTURE
ANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
154/ LAN SCAPE ARCITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZI NE NOV201 1 1155
F
O
ZJ
A
Jd
dZSS EZM E MEhdou
The searnless connections between the bldings and the land

here, in the rolling hayfields and wooded wetlands of eastern
Pennsylvania, arise om a dose collaboration between the
landscape architect Michael Vergason, FASLA, and the architect Peter Bohlin.
J MMEZU
"
alking in and out and around the Lily l..ake residence is like
piecing together a fascinating puzzle. There are old stone
waUs and new ones that cannot be told apart The long sliver of
the new house, all wood and glass, is slipped like a narrow boat
between a low stone waU and a stone cottage anchored by specimen trees. You nd yourself nestled in these fields where cattle
once grazed and huddled under the shade of the sugar maples.
"We've been working together for more than 2 0

years ," says Ve 1'gason, one very hot day in midj leaning against an o ld sne wall near the
enrayto is rural yea1'- round home in Dalton.
"Peter has a better instinct about landscape than
any architect 1 know."
Vergason, who received an ASLA Honor Award
fo 1' the project last yeax, is known fo 1' his sensitivity
to sites, from historic farmsteads like this one to
the new Center for Aquatic Life and Conservation
at the Baltimore National Aquarium.
Bohlin has also spent his career working in a variety

ofverdirent settings, such as Seattle's City Hall,
theglass-be Apple store on Fi Avenue in Manhattan, and modemist houses made oftimbe1' and
stone and tucked into rural settings. "Michael:' he
says ofVergason, "like l.aurie Olin and Peter Walker, were all trained as architects. But one should not
see the divisions between buildings and landscape
and what you do on the inside ofbuildings."
On the first approach, the real heart of this landscape is hidden. "You don't want to give it away
all at once," Bohlin says.
ABOVE
The new sliver f a

house is hidden , on fis t
appoach behind the
1800s s tone house that
r ises over the hayfields
and s tone walls of its
agrarian pas t.
LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE
MAGAZINE NOV2011 /157
THE POND
MAKESA
SECOND
FRONT FOR
THE HOU5E
AND PU L5
THE5UN
|NTO 11
J
J
158/ ~ANSCAPE ARC HITECTURE MAGAZINE NQV 201 1
Toenter house you walk under a long pergola

(its simple lines are ost Shakerlike, though
it's made of mahogany) and turn le through a

mahogany door-on aanks to Bohlin, to the
entrance to the old stone hous e--into a room full
of light. Only a rather massive double freplace
blocks the view of its source.
"1 suggested they move that chimney to open up
that spectacular viewshe says Vergason, with a
you-win-some-you-Iose-some shrug, as we round
the fireplace.
There, through a wall of glass, the shimmering
water of a great pond stretches a good 200 feet in
alI directionsamed by native woods and pasture.
Herons fd on the trout and frogs at e pond.
Woodk and mallards swim among e sedges
d reeds. Foxes, deer, coyotes, and even bears
wander to its shores. And in winter, especially,
when Light is predous, reflected light offthe water
flIs the house and changes with the hours.
There was much discussion with the owners

about the dimensions ofthe slender house, which
is 150 by 25 feet. Would it be enough room? But to
their surprise, they hardly ever traverse its length
(the lest quarters are tucked into a corncriblike
suite on the east side), so rooted are they to the
sunrise and water to the south, and the cozy qu
ters for reading and entertaining in the renovated
"It really pulls the sun and that life of the pond in stone cottage to the north.
to this side of the house, making it very, vely alive
for fa1ily life;' Vergason says. As he steps out to The owner, an early riser, likes to have his coe
the patio, startled bullfrogs leap into the water. and even work on his laptop, out on the cantileDragonflies zoom across its surface, catching vered deck, which juts out over the pond.he
bugs (they love mosqtoes too).
owners' four grandsons, by the way, wear life
preselvers when fshing on the end of the deck.
"It also makes a kind of second ont for the And toddlers are kept out by a gate.)
place," Vergason points ou t. "Because the formal
front is the stone house, which is not the central 'm literally sitting in free space," he says. "You
illike you're ftoating."
living space."
ABOVE
cantilevered deck
injects an energy
both modernist and
prehisto ric over the
pond , which is deep
enough for trou t.
A
32 2020gw
JM
LEFT AND OPP05ITE
The owners and

designers wanted a
structure that would
not dominate the
landscape.
THE ENTIRE FARM

WAS FRENCH DRAINED
|T HAD SPRINGS
COMING UP ALL OVER
The ded<,s gesture is pure modernism, but it strikes some

deeper connection, as well, to those cantilevered stones at Yo.
semite, jutting into the air, a thousand feet up.
It was Vergason who envisioned the pond, as he walked the

site and stood by the low stone wall that borders what was then
just a field. "Michael said, 'You know, a pond would be perfect
here,'" recalls the owneHe and his wife had long loved the
old falm prope especially its stone ottage.
"Our thought was tro bld by the coage but not overpower it
withanhing we added," the owner tells me. "I think we were suc.
cessful. You can't see it from the road-only when you're up on it"
Vergason, who grew up in the rolling hills of

Virginia, had a hunch that the old field had been
drained long ago for agriltural use. An d he was
spot on. lt turns out the entire farm is French
drained. It has springs coming up all over the
pla and the high clay content of the soil means
fields stay wet much of the time.
1 the walls were constructed by one man , who

might have been Welsh," the owner recalls. He
also had a fondness for alcohol, so Mr. Woolworth
would find him and sober him up , so he could
bld another wall:'
U
The Woolworth farm was once a thriving dai

operation, with barns for cattle and hay across
The propey originally had belonged to C. s. thecoun road and well-kept pastures and hayWoolworth, who longed for something out of the fields srounding the stone cottage, where the
English counside with low stone walls and a imported Scottish or Welsh, or English- no one
stone coge and a Victorian house with a wide can quite remember- farm manager had lived.
porch atop the highest h.
ABOVE
A mix of
meadow
sedges, and
rushes surrounds the
pond , once a drained
agricu1tura1fie1d atop
gasses
natu a1 spings.
,,'
,1
-b
'r>__
U l-"."'
~t'""
&"--.. t" . J t>
'r&
But after Woolworth's death , the heir's widow, who had rather
edectic tastes, demolished the rambling Victorian on the hill
and put up a big brid< house with columns.
"That dog up there;' as Bohlin called the brick house, which
the new owners happily demolished.
~..
.,
The widow had also planted blue spruce trees, which are rather
jarring among the crabapples and sugar maples of this agrarian landscape. Vergason suggested they might go, though the
owners decided the spmces should stay.
"They're not indigenous to the area and wouldn't have been
my first choice;' the owner says, "but they're here, and they are
very large and lovely trees."
162/ LAN SCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV20 11
UZUHMXMJ3Z
OOZMB
FJMu-2
).
RIGHT
BOTTOM RIGHT
The new house is

slipped between an
original stone wall and
the stone house; a new
re tai ning wall , covered
in stone , allows a c1 ear
view fom a sunken
bedroom.
The site's original

tee s the framework
of dry-laid stone walls,
and the fields have
been preseved
BELOW
mix of five native

ferns appears to
grow naturally among
stne paths.
A
The original Victorian house, as well as its replacement, afforded a grand overlook from e
highest promontory, of fields , woodland, and
sky-an old idea of the castle on the hill, where
you can see and be seen. But that was not for the
new owners, nor their designers , who dir'twant
a structure dominating the landscape.
"lt's an eraordinary property \v th a beautiful
intrinsic quality to it that called for doing as little
as possible to it;' Vergason says, so lat "whatever
you do builds on the beauty of the place." And
funately Bohlin and their clients agreed.
"1 love the idea that people with the financial

resources to do exactly what they want chose
something more modest rather than some larger,
more muscular statement," Vergason says. "{t
reflects a kind of deferential wave to the larger
landscape."
The old stone cottage is connected to the lowslung residence with a glass and wood passageway that feels virtually transparen t. The
passage offers a westward view to a magnificent
Japanese maple, which was carefully moved
that exact spot.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZI NE NOV201 1 1163
Bohlin transformed the two-story stone (0age

be when there was nothing her no building, no which was "a rabbit warren of funny little rooms ,"
glass," says the owner. "He said,When you look he says, into a great library room lined with bookthrough at glass the tree will be fi:amed by is shelves, with a central fueplace and sleeping 10ft.
link.' He has a emendous gi thatway."
"It's .a magnetwhen we entertain:' says the 0ler
And the long, low pergola at the entry to the who loves to read there, by the fire , in winter. Or
residence is, like the water, a play on perception. enjoy i cool shade in summer.
"1t gave us a chance to lower that line below
the height of the house, so we're dropping the Vergason chose a simple palette of native plants to
scale down ," says Bohlin. "If you made a whole merge these buildings with the natural landscape.
house that height, it would probably be a little too A mix of five native ferns- ladyfems, woodfer
crunched down."
sensitive ferns , Christrnas ferns , and hay-scented
"Per had decided exactly where the maple was to
164/LAN SCAPE
t1S-softens the comers ofboth the stone cot- It is the ston -in the low walls that are threaded
tage and the new residence. Native shrubs, indud- both vertically and horizontally between the two
ing Fothergilla, witchhazels, winterberry, and V structures- that anchors this site. Much of it
ginia sweetspire (1 tea virginica) , chaJ.t the seasons came from the excavated field , whih is now
with their agrance color, and fruit for wil d1ife.
a 12-foot-deep pond, and walking along these
pas or up the wide steps made of single slabs
A hedge of summersweet (Clethra alnifolia) , of bluestone that was dug om the site, you feel
whose spicy-scented fiowers attract humming- centered, almost drawn down into the earth.
bir in late summer, and whose lustrous dark
green leaves turn golden-yellow in fall, lines the Vergason also has solved erosion and runoff
north end of the parking court. d moss fingers problems here by opening up a gap in one ofthe
its way ong the mosaic of fieldstone that greets stone walls by the pond and crea19 a graduated
weir that allows water to fl. ow through narrow
visitors walking up to the house.
ABOVE
80th the old suga

maple and these
corncriblike ooms
speak the
vernacular
LAN DSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV201 1 1165
AS YOU APPROACH
THE HEART
OF THE LANDSCAPE
I S IDDEN
166/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20
or ever-wider channels to the adjacent woodland

and down into the feld west of the house, where
a series of stone step pools dug into the field collect and slow storm runoff that once eroded the
old pasture.
The owners grow timothy and alfalfa in the field
at fronts e stone coage so a productive hayfield now rolls down to the road. But Vergason
planited a lile sea of hard fescue closer to the
buildings, along with a bit of green la1 to accentuate the living space.
This same fescue fans out beneath the grove of Project Credits
aspens he p1anted to enliven the north side ofthe LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT MICHAE L VERGASON LANDSCAPE ARpond. An d the owners W them so much , they CHITECTS. LJ A LEXANDRIA, VlRGIN (MICHAEL VERGASDN ,
FASLA, PRINCIPAL IN CHARGE; DONALD PARTLAN , PROJECT
may plant a gIove of them up on the hill. ''A 1ld MANAGER; TRISHA RUBENSTEIN). ARCHEC BOHLINWIN
of extension of the same thing;' the owner says. SKI JACKSON, WILKES- BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA (PETER BOH LIN , TDDD R. HOWARD). LANOSPE CONTRACTOR KALINOSKY
"A simp1e gathering p1ace:' 0
ABOVE
The new house ,

artful1 y low, does not
dominate the old stone
house , which still
seves as the formal
front to the prperty.
LANDSCAPING , INC., WYOMING , PENNSYLVANIA (JOSEPH KAAN NE RAVER WRITES ABOUT THE
GAROENING ANO FARMING.
E NVIRONMEN IN C LUOING
WlLOLIFE HA8ITATS. ANO LANO -
LINOSKY). GENERAL CONTRACTOR BREIG BROTHERSALTON

PENNSYLVANIA ( WARREN BREIG m)
SCAPE OESIGN
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV201 1 1167
We know the terrain.

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lANI)~AI'E
ARCHITECTS
"' tO .! AL
.DOWM V
FO. lHf AITS
www.tclf.org
In 2003 , The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) launched the Ploneers
01 Amencan Landscape Design Oral History initiative in an e to

document, collect , and pserve the uniQue, first-hand perspectlves 01
renowned landscape practtloners, and to make them available lor the luture
generations 01 stewards, des Igners, and researchers.
Proceeds will dlrectly support the production 01 luture Pioneers Oral History
modules and insure the documentalion 01 these important design legacies.
Wlth generous suppo Irom the ASLA , Hubbard Educational Trust, National
Endowment lor the Arts , Boston Society 01 Landscape Architects , Canadlan
Society 01 Landscape Architects , British Columbia Society 01 Landscape
Architects, Landscape A hitecture Canada Foundation , Barbara David, Stuart
and Ellen Dawson , Sasaki Associates , and Sullivan Enlertainmen t.
CIRClE 82 ON READER 5E VtCECARD
THE BACK
DESI GN FORTHE OTHER 90%: CITIES
Organized by the Cooper- Hewitt ,

National Deslgn Museum , at the Unlted
Nations Visitors Centre, New York City,
to January 9, 2012.
M
WUDXdD
KZZE S O
About one billion people worldwlde hve

in slums, and the number is expected to
double over the next 20 years as more
people seek better lives , as defi ned on a
decidedly sliding scale. Most of thi s strain
will show in places that are already quite
crowded and poor. The Cooper-Hewitt ,
National Design Museum, has organized
a range of examples that show how design
can help to ease informal living conditions.
There is housing 10 consider, of course (you
have to wonder at the sheer preponderance
of corrug ated metal in nearly all slums),
plus drinking wat education , sanitary
infraslructure , and transportation. Designers
are also helping spread j oy, as with the
pubhc space projects of the Kounkuey
Design Initlative (shown) at the Kibera
settlement near central Nairobl , Kenya ,
where more than a mllhon people hve.
THE BACK /
PRACTICE
|INVESTIGATING OLD AMERICAN

TEXTILE CITIES AND WAYS
|TO REVIVE THEM. THEIR FINDINGS
|ARE ALSO HELPING TO 8UILD
|A FRESH KNOWLEDGE 8ASE FOR
THE FIRM AND ITS UR8AN PROJECTS.
8Y
176/ LANDSCAPE ARCH lT ECTUR E MAGAZINE NOV2011
ERNES 8ECK
nahimy hte r
the 325-acre Seaside Park in
Blidgeport, Connectiut designed by Frederick Law Olmsted,
is an oasis of greenery and stunning
water views. Visitors stroU along the
wide, sandy beach and dip their toes
into Long ls1and Sound, while others
walk or jog along paths and sports
fields. "This is a r'l w for the city,
a gem," observes Eamonn Hutton,
As sociate ASLA, a landscape architect at Sasaki Associates, which has
created an ambitious-reaching
master plan for e parks ofBlidgeport. a city that is known better for
its economic woes, abandoned factori and many potentially contaminated sites than it is for green spaces.
raoaa
zd
-h
z.
hg xadaz u
Yet as Seaside Park and its many

is
another side to BridgepOli: underused parks, including a second designed by Olmsted, that the city beLieves can be leveraged to improve
the quality of life for its 140,000
people, a qualier of whom live below the poverty leve1. "We are ring
redaim our helitage of the natural environment and parks:' Blidg
port mayor B Finch explains.
He notes that today's parks master
plan is the largest, in size and scope,
of any plan since Olmsted's. "We
have let it go for too long."
attractions nply illustrate, there
The Sasaki plan, developed with

Heller and Heller Consulting, a
parks and recreation specialty firm

in Oak Park, Tll inois, envisions a
connected system of vibrant green
spaces, from parks to commw ty
gardens. schlyards greened vacant
lots, and brownfeld sites, that spread
outacross le city. To im plement the
plan, i creators call for a network
of community support gn:oups and
public-private partnerships atcol
lectively will improve Bridgeport's
hlth-socially economically, and
ecologically-and help serea sustainable future.
OPPO SITE
Seaside Park in Bridgepot

Connecticut, has a view of
Pleasure Beach.
A BOV E
Sasaki p opo ses a pa k

system of connected green
spaces for B idgeport
A h igh priority of the plan is to

work holistically, says Gina Ford,
ASLA, a design principal at Sasaki's
Watertown, Massachusetts, office
L AN SCA P EARCHIE CTUR E
THE BACK /
PRACTICE
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"The key word is 'systems: and

thinking about the city in those
terms," Canter recalls, "and this
seemed well suited to Sasaki's interdisciplinary structure." Ford, who
hired the two graduates for the Urban Studio, says she was intrled
by the proposed project beca\e t
pushed the firm in a direction it was
already mong. "They wanted to
take a broader look at the rise and
fall of industrial cities , to see the
bigger story, and that was appealing;'
she says.
THE URBAN FA8RIC PROJECT

SPARKED CONVERSATIONS
THAT INFLUENCED SASAKI'S
178/ LAN DSCAPE ARCH lT ECTUR E MAGAZINE NOV 2011
Hutton and Canter were allotted

eight hours a week to focus on
Urban Fabric, in addition to their
other work, so most of the study
was done on their own time. (As
part of h is billable hours, Hutton
conducted interviews with people
on the streets in Bridgeport as the
firm prepared for its bid.) They
decided to focus their research on
ree cities-Newark, New Jersey;
Mobi Alabama; and Fall River,
Massachusetts- that were integral
MI
P
S XMd
MLF2
g
0u
These ideas were also championed

by an unusual in-house pilot project at Sasaki called Urban Fabric,
an initiative thatincided wi the
BRIDGEPOR PLAN.
frm's bid for the Bridgeport project
and that has since been widening its
and the head of its Urban Studio influence in the frm's practice.
unit. "We could have tall<ed about
46 individual parks and where to Urban Fabric was e brainchild of
put playground swings and ameni- Hutton, 28, and a col1eagt Al exis
ties and improvements, which is Canter, Associate ASLA, who is 30,
important," she says. "But we wt after they cne to work at Sasaki
ed to think about more than small, Hutton and Canter werelassrnates at
ABOVE
discrete physical interventions. We Harvard's Graduate School ofDesign
A segment of
wanted to tal1< about the park system - they graduated in the spring of
8 idgepot 's Yellow
as thecity green infrastructure and 20IO . The two were interested in
M i11 Cree l< today,
rethink how to make a super multi- a more research-oriented approach
bottom , contrasts with
functional system, and to reinforce to landscape architecture, one that
proposed restoration of
that vvith a strong sucture of com- coupled design wi rigorous analyhabitat and pedestian
connections, top.
munity partnerships."
sis, which ey had experienced at
In September 20IO, Sasaki beat out a

dozen competitors for the Bridgeport
assigment The firm had worked
on a nurnber of projects in what it
calls "middle cities" such as Cedar
Rapids , Iowa, and Indianapolis, but
parks master planning is not one of
its bigger markets. Sasaki jurnped
into the runni Ford says, because
it saw that projects like Bridgeport
"have a huge potential."
mplif~ the look
of 60 lA r
p~~k
CIRCLE lU 0 1>1 REA ERSEICECARO
visit www.tim
Or contact the makers, Columbia Cascade Company at 1-800/547-1940 or asla@timberform.com

LAN 5C A PE ARCHITEC UR E
MAGAZINE NOV 2011 /179
THE BACK /
PRACTICE
RIGHT
In Fall Rive
Massachusetts , 10
million square feet
of former textile mill
buildings remain.
to the country once-thringteile
industry but are now facing sirnilar
problems ofan American economy
that is shiing away from man
turing, of disused urban space, and
the changing role of inastructw'e .
Textile production involved a network of processes that tapped into
geograph ic and geological assets.
Cotton was shipped to the market
from port cities like Mobile. Rivers
and flls powered mills in noleast
ern cities Like FaU River. Newark was
home to dye factories , where workers and skilled chemists were available. While ttile production has dedined, the cities and people remain
- along with the in frastructure of
a faded industry. In F1 River, for
example, there are 10 lion sqre
feet of former textile mill buildings.
These cities, the Urban Fabric report
concluded, reftect "a fu ndamental
misalignment between 20l-century
infrastructure and 2Ist-century notions of sustainability."
other cities and academics and to ecological systems to ensuring sociothink about strategies." It also made economic oppounity and achieving
stable levels o[economic grow and
for good public relations.
employment. What these strategies
In the exhibition, a number of strat- have in commone report notes, is
egies were outlined that have been at they m to achieve these goals
used in projects in different cities through innovative forrns of partto address the underlying issues of nership, systemwide thinking, and
industrial urbanism and sustainabil- embracing e transforrnative power
Theyrange om creating healy of design.
MI
P
S XMd
MLF2
g
0u
In addition to e report, Urban Fabric resulted in the moun19 of an

exhibition at Sasaki's Watertown 0[fice , detailing Canter's and Hutton's
findings , and the publication of an
accompanying catalog. Canter and
Hutton also organized a Iecture series to build on the themes and ideas
presented in the exhibition, focusing
on landscape architecture and urbanism, among other related topics.
Ford, who worked closely with the
two on the initiative along with other
principals, says that Urban Fabric
was a way to "make connections to
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LAND5CAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV201 1 / 181
THE BACK /
PRACTICE
LEFT
A map highlights
Mobile, Alabama' 100 yea fl odpl ai n and its
elationship to the city
BELOW
The port in Mobile

once bustled with
ships caying cotton
to ma r but the
economic shift away
from manufacturing
has hurt the textile
industry.
, ,,
},
EE-F
-2
--
..
'v
2 MI LES
A tour of the dty confirms this observation. A small downtown area

around city hal1 has been revitalized
into a pleasant inner-city space with
ca restaurants , and new housing
along streets lined by trees. But if
you step outside this zone, you find
sad streets with boarded-up buildings
and storefronts, and a wlonelype
destrians. ln outlying areas, some residential buildings retain their period
charm, though many neighborhoods
have been badly neglected. Mixed
into these areas are derelict factories ,
often vast in size, like the Remington

A1.ms Factory, a I. s-million-squarefoot structure of I3 interconnected
bldings spread over 76 aes.
l t's hard to imagine that Bridgeport,
where the enepreneur and showman P. T. Barnum was the mayor
in the late I800s, once caLled itself
the Park Ci ty. What Sasaki has in
mind is to build on at legacy by
revitalizing the historic spaces whi1e
also creating new community parks
and green areas. The p lan wo u1d
first address immeruate priorities;
Seaside Park, for example , could
use some more tree cover, resilient
lawn spaces, and a new maintenance
plan. A burned-out bathhouse on
the grounds, an eyesore for years,
cou1d be turned into a destination
for public events, which, along with
BGreen 2020, a comprehensive susreport undertaken by the

city ofBridgeport and the Bridgeport
Regional Business Council, a containabty
sortium of local business groups,

conduded that these conditions are
he canvas on which Bridgeport's
future will be painted-centUlies
ofeconomic and cultural wealth followed by 50 years of abandonment
and neglect."
pd3
% XMd
E OE
E E2 EoaL
EJ23mE UJ mu
gou
AllOUgh Bridgeport wasn't part of

the Urban Fabric study proper, it
shares many characteristics of those
that were. lt is a fonner industrial
hub known as "the Arsenal of Democracy," for its factories that produced arms and , later, consumer
goods. It fell into disrepair after its
industrial base coUapsed, leaving behind contaminated land. Its wealthier residents fled to the suburbs.
Poor waste management turned the
waterfront into a dumping ground
for a dirty mixture of chemicals. Today it has a large number of people
who are poor and basically los t, and
massively underused inastructe.
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CIRCLE4 ON REA ERSEICECAR D
LAND5CAPE A RCH IEC TU R E MAGAZINE N OV 20 11 / 183
THE BACK /
PRACTICE
LEFT
People check out

u ban Fabric at
its opening night in
Sasaki's Watertown
Massachusetts, office
RIGHT
One of the exhibition

photos shows a
container terminal
in
ERNEST 8ECK I S A NEW YORK-8ASED FREELANC EWRER
Project Credits
URBAN FABRIC TEAM PROJECT CURATORS
ALEXIS CANER ASSOCI ATE ASLA , AND
EAMONN HUTTON, ASSOCIATE ASLA. CORE COLLABORATORS DAVID BORDEN, STUDENT ASLA;
8RIE HENSOLD, LAURA G. MA RET ASLA; SAM
PEASE. AND ANNA SCHERLING. PROJECT GUIOANCE JANNE CORNEI L; MARK OAWSON. FASLA;
GINA FORD. ASLA; JASON HELLENORU NG.
ASLA; PHIUP PARSONS; ALISTAIR MCINTOSH.
FASLA; AND JAM ES MINER. BRIOGEPORT
PARKS MASTER PLAN TEAM JASON HELLENORUNG. ASLA; GINA FORO, ASLA; EAMONN
HUTTON, ASSOCIATE ASLA; RIE HENSOLO;
JEFF SPRAGUE; STEPHEN GRAY; RICKY BLOXSOM; NEDA MOVAGHAR; 8AR8ARA HELLER,
AT HELLER ANO HELLER; BILL FINCH , MAYOR;
CHARLIE CAR ROLL, PARKS DIRECTOR ; TED
GRA8ARZ. AFFILIATE ASLA, SUSTAINA8ILITY
OIRECTOR AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC
WORKS; STEVE HLADUN , PROJECT COOROINA TO R; MIKE NIOOH, OIRECTOR OF PLANNING;
ANO THE PARKS 80A RD OF COMMISSIONERS
ZJE
ES--xaa
tum going for Urban Fabric. They

the exhibition to Sasi's
San Francisco 0 publishing the
book, andpticipating in an urban
designconrence at North Carolina
State University in March 2012. "We
are not done with Urban Fabric,"
Hutton says. 'We will try to keep
it alive." 0
eting
ZOEdJ ERUREgES
H
184/LAN SCAPE
Newar1(.
other visitor amenities, could bring things already happening at Sasaki

in money to be used at other parks. and helped catapult and build on
those ideas." Ford describes Urban
On a broader scale, the master plan Fabric's effect on the firm as emembraces a strategy to link the city powering and invigorating, "food
andi people to the water (only four for thought," she says, that allowed
es of 22 miles of wateront are designers to "look at problems in
now accessible to the public via bike a fresher and deeper way." What's
lanes and river walks, and memora- more, the purely enterprise research
ble streets and parkways). Floodplains "represents an evolution ofour pracwill be reclaimed for ecological resto- tice as we are exploring the types of
ration with trails and an educational cities in the case studies."
wayfinding system. A major component of the master pl is social: Sasaki had sponsored internal regetting people in to1 engedand Slprojts in the past Butthis inemolled in its civic welfare, especially tensive project-generated by the enin the worse-o sections and bId thusiasm and interests of two young
ing partnerships to fi bld and staff members-raised questions
maintain a revita Lized pks system. about the models for future research
projects, how they are situated in the
Urban Fabri's impact on Sasaki's practice, and what opportunities such
Bridgeport plan can be found in projects hold for the 250-person rm
broad strokes.
Ford says. "There is a lot of interest
in how we can make projects like
Al l those involved in the Urban Fab- Urban Fabric part of our DN A, and
ric project say the research project demonstrate in a tangible way how
sparked conversations about the it impacts work and our brand and
future of struggling industrial cit- visibility," she says.
ies, and how landscape architects
can design holistic systems to mt For the moment, Canter and Hutthese challenges. Canter reckons ton are engaged with other assignthat Urban Fabric "picked up on ments while keeping the momen-
I e s
u s
|I
Cu
CIRCLE 3 ONREA ER5EICECARD
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ge!
PROUD RECl PIENT OF THE
2010 GSA EVERGREEN AWARD
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LAND5CAPE ARC H IECTU RE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11 / 187
M K /BOOKS
MY KIND OF COUNTRY5IDE:
FINDING DE51GN PRINCIPLE5 IN THE LAND
C't1yllle
"'~_.......""'
8Y ROGER G. COURTENAY: CHICAGO: CENTER FOR AMERICAN

PLACE5 AT COLUM8IA COLLEGE/UNIVER5ITY OF CHICAGO
PRE55. 2011 ; 192 PAGE5. 35.
R EVIEWED Y
P ETER JACOBS , FASLA
RogercoutSLA a prinpal with AECOM, says

that countryside ests "whereultural manifestations
are not so dense as to crowd out natural atures." With him,

we discover this countryside from the perspective of a canoe
on the French Broad River near Asheville, North Carolina,
footpas through Shenandoah National Park, riding trails
rough e Virnia Piedmont, and on the Blue Ridge Parkway, which the author describes as "a 469-mile Mius strip
of asphalt." Courtenay's interest in the relationship between
landscape setting and built form is conveyed vvith great reverence. through the wood, water, and fields of the Mid-Atlan
the great houses of the Piedmont and Tidewater landscapes,
Thomas Jerson's layout of the University of Virginia, and
even one ofFrank Uoyd Wrigh t's Usonian homes.
Courtenay treats the countryside with great respec t, as he

does the people and settlement paerns 13t animate it. His
reader is considered an active participant in the process of
discovering e dynamics that underpin the landscape that we
experience at very precise moments in time. Courtenay tells
us to "expect to smell, hear, and taste a landscape," but 0ers
no neat formu!ae to link e experien.e of landscape and the
design principles he proposes. These reqre an effort from
each of us , opening multiple paths of individual inquiry that
provide their own rewarding insights.
The introdu:tory essay, one that warrants multiple readings,

[ocuses on the sometimes subtle, sometimes sudden [orces
of change that act the countryside Courtenay so obviously
loves. "The reciprocal energy of a
people engaged with the environRATHER THAN OFFER A FORMULA. COURTENAY
ment" builds on the forces o[ contrast, perceived beauty, and memory
ENCOURAGES READERS TO EXPLORE THE DESIGN
as it does onop failures , fl.oods,
PRINCIPLES THEMSELVES.
and urban sprawl. These are the
forces that frame our understanding
Each o[ 16 short essays intes the readerrefl.ect on a par- ofand behavior within the landscapes we inhabit, that inform
ticu!ar landscape perience. These e annotated \vith design our morals, memories, and moods.
insights that give a better understanding of the places that we
have chosen shape reshape, or simply visit. Some of these Courtenay offers us a highly personal account of his idea
links between experience and design principles, such as rh of countryside. He invites us to share his appreciation of
in thecoun" are relatively straightforward, while others, such particular places using images forged of dense prose and
as restlessness along theoastal shoreline, require greater effort. sparse poetic line drawings that complement each other,
much as the continuing balance of nature and human activity
ln one ofthe more intriguing essays, Courtenay explores the inform the central pr1se of the book. The very structure of
nature of the Washington Mall from the roof of the Capitol the bookamed by four prose poems of the four seasons,
building and om the flat lowland withln the Mall itse![ The re fl. ects the author's commitmen t to the design process,
complex relationships of the centrallawn and reflecting pool weavmg a m of ideas well suited to the complexity the
to the geography of the tidallandscape and the successive ad- countryside conveys. 0
dition ofbuilt forms at line the Mall are linked to the idea
of indeterminacy, the "juxtaposition or commingling of two PETER JAC08S, FASLA, 15 PROFESSOR 0 1' LANOSCAPE ARCHIEC TU RE THE
opposite modes of pression.. .a kind of blurrlr in whlch UNIVERSI TY 0 1' MONREAL. HE HAS EXPLOREO THE MID-ATLANTIC COUNTYSIDE
WHILE SERVING AS SENIORAND DISTINGUISHED FELLOW OF LANDSCAPE AND
ings are not just indefinite but indeterminate, fi.xed neither
GARDEN STUDIES AT DUM8ARTON OAKS
in extent nor character."
188/ L AN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20
INOALD-W IDE AEPUTATNRJA
CONSISTENCY
COMFORT
PERFORMANCE
Member 01 IIw
ausralian _
F~
Foundaton
CIRCLE 3'1 ON REAOER SERVICE CARO
CIRCE
205 ON REAOER SERVICE CARO
LAND5CAPE ARC HIEC TU RE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11 /189
M K /BOOKS
EA
huh
T
-
VlnU
M hk
)AU
)
V
n
D nunu
V Te focus our Books olumn on new books-
VV what's worth adding to every landscape

arhitect's bookshelf, what will appeal to those
working in certain practice areas, and what can
be passed over. But what if there are gaps in yo
bookshelves that need to be flled with the best of
the best, not necessarily the newest? A recent n
versation on AS LA's Li nkedln discussion group,
started by Lisa Horne, ASLA, asked discussion
group rnembers what were the top three books
that influenced them as landscape architects. The
responses were intri19; some are books everyone would expect, and 0lers are more surprising.
lnduded here are some of the most mentioned
books in that disussion. o
DESIGN WITH NATURE

BY I AN L. MCHARG
THE SOCIAL Ll FE
OF SMALL URBAN SPACES
BY WILLIAM H. WHYTE
"Design With Nature by McHarg is

what got me into landscape architecture and eventually into G IS. 1 believe itshodbereqedreadi for
anyone going into either profsion.
Probably wouldn't hurt engineers to
read it either." - Kim McDonoh
A PATTERN LANGUAGE: TOWNS,
BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTION
BY CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER , SARA
15 HIKAWA, AN D MURRAY 5ILVER5TEIN
A SAND COUNTY ALMANAC

BY A LDO LEOPO LO
This "should be reqred reading for

alllandscape architeture students,
and maybe a couple continuing education program hours for all pros;
it can be a goosebump read with a
'natural' prose that borders on being
poe." - Timothy M' ASLA
THE DEATH AND LIFE
OF GREAT AMERICAN CITIES
BY JAN E JACOBS
THE GRANITE GADEN:URBAN

NATURE AND HUMAN DESIGN
4!
1m l)l\111 1) Ull.OI
(,10..\1 \IFRK (
ITll'_'i
\;\l l n >BS
BYANN E WHI5 N 5 PIRN , FA5LA
"A great OOok illustrating how strong

an infl.uence our cities have on nature, and vice versa." Larry Lesser
THE LANDSCAPE OF MAN:
SHAPING THE ENVIRONMENT
FROM PREHISTORY TO
THE PRESENT DAY
BY GE OFFREY ALAN JELLICOE AND
SUSAN JELUCOE
SIFTINGS
BY JEN5 JEN 5EN
LAST CHILD IN THE WOODS:

SAVING OUR CHILDREN FROM
NATURE-DEFICIT DISORDER
BY RICHARD LOUV
dau
u
J
Z
U
190/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 201 1
GARDENS ARE FOR PEOPLE

BY THOMAS CHU RCH
"A must!" - Mariano Corral

A SENSE OF PLACE,
A SENSE OF TIME
BY J. B . JACKSON
GARDEN HISTORY: PHILOSOPHY

AND DESIGN 2000 BC- 2000 AD
BY TOM TURNER
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE:
A MANUAL OF LAND PLANNING
AND DESIGN
BY JO HN ORMSBEE SIMONOSANO
BA RRY w. STARKE , FASLA
" H is dedication says it all: 'To my

teachers , whose gifts to all who
would accept them were the open
mind , the awakened curiosityle
discerning eye , and the compelling vision of that which is high
wider, deeper, and greater -and
worth the striving for...''' - Margery
Morris, ASLA
DESIGN ON THE LAND:
OF
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
THEDVELOPMENT
BY NORMAN T. NEWTON
LANDSCAPE AND MEMORY

BY SIMON SC HAMA
AMERICAN SPACE:
THE CENTENNIAL YEARS,
1865- 1876
SUBURBAN NATION: THE RISE

OF SPRAWL AND THE DECLl NE
OF THE AMERICAN DREAM
BY J . B. J ACKSON
BY A NDR ES DUA N ELIZA BE TH PLATERZYBERK, AND JE FF SPECK
BOLD ROMANTIC GARDENS

BY JAM ES VAN SWEOE N , FASLA , ANO
WOLFGANG OE HME , FASLA
INVISIBLCITIES
THE CONCISE TOWNSCAPE
BY ITALO CALVINO
BY GOROON CULLE N
THE RSVP CYCLES:

CREATIVE PROCESSES IN
THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
BY A LLAN B. J ACOBS
BY LAWRE NCE HALPRIN
"[This bookJ explores how we experience, perceive, and remember

places." - Hannah McAleer, ASLA
THE IMAGE OF THE CITY
GARDENS MAKE ME LAUGH

BY JAMES C. ROSE
GREAT STREETS
wonderful analysis of key elecreate the falbric of ow.

cities." - Hannah McAleer, ASLA
"A
ments at
THE GEOGRAPHY OF NOWHERE:

THE RISE AND DECLl NE
OF AMERICA'S MAN-MADE
LANDSCAPE
THE POETICS OF SPACE

BY GASTON BACHELARD
BY JAMES HOWARD KUNSTLER
BY KEVIN LYNCH
M K /BOOKS
UIM
()
Onu
F--
3
CT
?-
Q)
THE EARLY LEADERS OF THE U.S.

WERE ALSO PASSIONATE AND
PROGRESSIVE GARDENERS.
CONCRETE
G ROr lN
PROJEC 'S
?
; FOUNDING GARDENERS: THE
REVOUTIONARY GENERATl ON,
NATURE, AND THE SHAPING OF
THE AMERICAN NATION
(0) CONCRETE GARDEN PROJECTS:

EASY & INEXPENSIVE
CONTAINERS, FURNITURE,
WATER FEATURES & MORE
BY AN DREA WULF; NEW YORK CITY:

ALFRED A. KNOPF, 2 011; 35 2 PAGES , $3 0
America's founding fathers- Washington Ams Jefferson, and Madison

- were passionate gardeners and,
arguably, protolandscape chitects.
Founding Gardenrs explores how
their plant collecting, site designs,
and quest for new food crops shaped
the nation's politics and lture in
everything from the design ofWashington, D.C., to the Losiana P
chase. Their progressive interests
in native plants and soil conservation show remarkable foresight and
anticipate the later work of John
Muir, the Olmsteds, jens jensen,
and today's purst of sustainable
agnulture . o
192/ LAN SCA P E ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV2011
BY MALIN NILSSON AND CAMILLA

ARVIDSSON; PORTLAN D, OR EG ON :
TIMBER PRESS , 2011 ; 132 PAGES ,
$19. 95
l:
EUROPEAN GARDENS: HISTORY,

PHILOSOPHY, AND DESIGN
BY TOM TU R N ER; ONOON: ROLE D GE
2011 ; 424
PAGES 62.95.
While European Gardens may look

like aco table book at first glance,
it reads like 1 introductory course
on European garden design. lts author, Tom Turner, teaches at the University of Greenwich in London and
edits the web site gardenvisit.com.
This book expands and updates his
previous work, Garden History, with
two new chapters. The photos used
to illustrate the book are generally of
recent origin, an
ndmost oft
hep
lan
ar
e drawn in a s
imilar wa
y so that
readers can co
.ompa
re ga
rd
ens from
5
0 500000 years ago wiout
being inftuenced by drawing style. 0
For designers who like to be handson and aren't afraidget dirty, making your own concrete garden elements can be a fun challenge. The
expected benches, stepping-stones,
birdbaths, and flowerpots can be
found in these pages, along with
less obvious concrete boot scrapers,
small ponds, and head:ratchingly
decorative concrete Bundt cakes. 0
y(
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And introducing...
mpengo Snow for the
mpengo Quotes for the i Pad

For the mobile professional w ho needs to prepare
quotes of detailed project estimates. It comes
complete with on-site electronic signature
approval, lookup tab l common phrases, and
additional tools especially suited for t he f ire/water restoration
and insurance industries.
iPhone...
or iPad
For those in snow removal businesses, mpengo

Snow makes it easy to manage and record your
work. Keep a record of dates of visits, snow
onditions salt logs, notes, and even record fin ished
work w ith photos. With mpengo Snow you can track your business
and supply reports to clients, insurance adjusters, and others.
Bring your office to work instead of bringing work back to the office.
I
196 /
LAN05CAP E A RCHIEC TU RE
MAGAZINE NOV 20 11
1 (855) 840.3064
www.mpengo.com
HOW MUCH LIGHT DO YOU NEED?
ud-With adjust-e-Iume.technology. you set the lumen output at the right

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LAND5CAPE ARC HIEC TURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011 /197
YES ,
WE CHOOSE SPANISH CERAMIC
Y we choose Spanish ceramic tiles because of the industry 's boundless creativty and ability innovate. In an
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LAN05CAP E ARC H IEC TU RE
MAGAZINE NOV 20 11
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Outdoor living has come a long wa From yesteryear's concrete slabs ancl weather-beaten woocl to the alluring,
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20 / LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 2011
L11
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LAND5CAPE ARC HIEC TURE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11 /201
visit www.tim
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202/ LAN05CAPE ARCHITECTU RE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11
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LAND5CAPE A RCH IE CT URE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11 /205
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20 /
LAN05CAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11
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LA ND5CAPE ARC H IECTURE MAGAZINE NOV 20 11 / 209
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MAGAZINE NOV 201 1/211
SONANCE LANDSCAPE
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212 / LAND5CAPE A RCH I E CTURE MAGAZIN E NOV 2011
SONANCE
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he widest rangeofthewoMs best paving stone

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High Stylc , Low Maintcnancc Finishcs

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LAND5CAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV2011 /215
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206
211
23. 225
2-3. 232
51 . 57
74
113.230
171
214
27
32
193
6-7. 21. 225
87.210. 233
211
214
206
172
199
197
45. 228
209
14.226
181
183
16
33
59
117
86
189
65
189
185
195. 229
72
75
73. 227
214
97
202
187
207.234
109
36. 225
124
122
4-5. 29. 226(2)
43
208
62
38
C2-1.226
29. 229
39
THEBACK/ DISPLAY ADVERTISER INDEX
pavestone.com
peackpavers .com
petersenm m
hadco.com
pinloundations.com
amerrcasp m lerpaver. m
plantspecialists.com
hooksandta tti ce.corr
Plati pu5 choLtd
platipus-anchor5.com
PlayMa Playground5
playma com
Playworld 5ystems. Inc.

PoUgon. A Product 01PorterCo
Protech Pwder lnc
Public R..lroom Company. The
R. H. Peter50n Company
Rasmussen Gas logs & GriUs
Read Cu.lom 50il.
Robinson Imn Corpoti on
Roman Fountains
R05ella Hard5Cape5
Royal Botania
RUO-Ertau
Sa leplay 5y5lem5
Selux Corporation
Sitecraft
5015URFACES , lnc.
50il Relention Products
Sonance, AOivision 01 Oana Innovations
playworld'stems.com
poUgon.com
pro techpo er:com
publicrestroomcompany.com
peter50n .com/home php
smussen.biz
readcustomsoits.com
robinsoniron.com
romanfountains.com
di scerrosetta.com
royalbotania.com
erlauUSA.com
saleplaysyslems.com
selux.com
sitecraft.com
solsurfaces.com
soil tention.com
sonan ce.con
UPS
Vatders 5tone &Marble

Vessel U.5, A. Inc
Viclor 5lanley, Inc
Virginia Horticultural Foundati on.
Voex Aq uatics 5 1 ctu I nternationa l
Waler OdYS5
WausaTi le
stabiUze oluti ons.com

sternber li gh ting. com
stonefost.com
stonehengesigns.com
hydrotog i csol uti o com
5trsc te.com
sunb lla.com
su locedging.com
syneypacific .com
ktl-llc.com
tensileshadeproducts.com
thebluebook.com
Icll.org
366
2
thorr as-steele .corr
235
spaintile.info
timberpress.com
386
tirr bertech .corr

lt de
tournesolsiteworks.com
281
171
161
usgbc.o
388
unilock.co m/asla
BisonOeck5upport5.com
w.
arch.vi inia .edu
268
91
L.O l
uparks.co m
390
Up5 m
65
194
valdersstone .corr
architecturalpottery.com
victorstanley.com
horLo
225
226
231
310
494
64
98
vo r1ex-i n tLcon
waterodyssey.com
wausautile.com
westernporphyry.com
w i tacre ~ Greer
pa r.com
WO e^ rxLLC
wonderworx.net
222
Westem Porphyry
springcitom
stepstone.com
'
spidertie.com
sportrockintl.com
southwestg enS.(om
5piderTie
5port Rock Intt. dba Park Pels Boutde
5pring City Electrical MIg. Co.
S bili zer Solutions. lnc
5lepstone. Inc
5ternberg Lighting
5tone Fo st
510nehenge 5igns. Inc
5tormChambers
5t ssC te Group I King Lumi nai r The
5unbrella / Glen Raven , lnc
5u -Loc Aluminum Edging
5ynergy Paclic Eng i nee dTimber Ltd
TAKTL. LLC
ensi le 5hade ProduCIS. LLC
The Blue Book Building & Construclion Net rk
The Cullurat Land5Cape Foundalion
Thomas 5teele
Tite 01 5pain
Timber Press. Inc
TimberTech
TOp05 Magazine
Tourne5015itework$/Planler Technology
U.5. Green Buitding Council
Unilock , Ltd
United Construction Products Inc./Bison Decking
Un veityol Vi in i a 5chool 01 'chilecture
UPC Parks
'
50u lhwestG ens
73
144
51
186
287
394
201
499
383
69
463
193
195
197
324
259
497
299
246
33
204
381
477
368
OXIO garden.com
Pavestone Company
Peacock Pavers
Petersen Concrete Leisu r Pducts
Phitip5 Hadco
Pin Foundations Inc.
Pine Hall Brick Co..lnc.
Plant 5pecialist5. lnc
Plante Unti mil ed by Hooks & Lattice
mc
0"0 Gaen
n bm
on--
nicolock.com
ohiogratings.com
21
143
9
454
50
374
12
151
188
156
158
407
331
159
321
245
165
435
164
166
298
208
280
228
373
210
242
484
m05tdependabte.com
mpengo.com
mycorrhizae.com
frenosystems.com
mossa com
Most Dependable Fountains

Mpengo Ltd
My rrhi zal Appli tlons Inc
National Building Museum
Nicolock
Ohio Gratings Inc
melrogenvi sions.com
moonvisionstighting.com
Moss Acr. .
WEB5ITE
AJJn2.2.n
C;n2munM
6478
9388372543
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9013661582143540
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m cle-C ation.cn
R5I
453
462
140
ADVERTI5ER
Metro Green Vis.ions. Inc
Mid51 Producl5 Group
Mirade Recreation Equipment
Moon Vi5ion5 Lighting
LAND5 CAPE ARCHIECTU R E MAGAZINE NOV 2011 / 221
THEBACK /BUYER'S
A5S0ClA:I FOUNDAON
'
GUIDE EZZTZZFL1tlT RElTPRODU fo
FURITURE/S EAMENlES :
CaUfomia Landscape Conl ctors AssoCati on 916.830.2780
168
Center for Environmental tnnahon
COMM ERClAL
GREEN R FS/LlVING WALLS
Ahitectural Pottery
714.895.3359
224
American Hydrotech. Inc
800.877.6125
BRP by Bison. LLC
888.438.5311
194
G enGri d Weston
847.918.401 1
199
Greenscreen
0 .450.3494
45. 228
GRO Gen Roof Outfitters. LLC
843.364.7653
2?
7706. 8216
12
Canterbury Intemationat
513.241.4010
216
847.835.6824
211
I Columbia Cascade Company
8.547.1 940
179.202.224
Cuttural La ndscape Foundation. The
22.483.0553
174
International Siety of Aricultu
21 7.355.9411
59
La nd s peAhitectu Fou nda tion
22.33 1. 7070
National 8 uilding Mus.eum
22.272.2448
U.5. Green Building Councd
22.828.7422
108
and Leadership
Chicago Botanic Gaen
Count Cal
Sotutions
101. 228
800.284.8325
8.9.225
Metro Gen Vi sions. Inc
631.917.0200
18
I Cycle 5afe Inc
888.950.6531
210
RooMe.ADMsionof5kyland USA
610.268.0017
227
122
800.233.3907
225
Teich Garden 5ystems
914.533.2484
228
121
I DuMor. Inc.
800.598.4018
23.225
I Flag Company. The
770.974.0547
227. 234
oty 50ns Concte Products
IRRIGA:N
CharlesMer Photography
210
IRG Plotters & Pri nte
310.877.3331
86
Leat20w Insurance
312.930.5556
28
UP5
4. 828. 6231
15
Gae.n Artisar
410.672.0082
214
Glenn Green Galleries
505.820.0008
206
UGHTING
G eenlorm
310.663.3995
225
Aurolightlnc
877.942.1179
19
Haddonslone IUSAI Ltd
856.931.7011
14. 226
.K Lighting.lnc.
559.438.5800
197
C. W. Cole and Co. Inc
626.443.2473
229
E GmbH
492.351 .551 1.00
74
Hunter lndustries Incorporated
760.304.7216
16
Hunza Lighting
642.168.5571
228. 229
JH Baxter /TimbeVood Products
360.573.6321
195. 229
La ndscape Forms
0.430.62054.5. 29.226[21
LumaspeUSA lnc
650.5955862
Iron Ag e Des
206.276.0925
189
Ironsmith. ln
800.338.4766
65
Pin Foundations Inc
253.858.8809
183
Jam Russetl Sculptu
310.326.0785
185
Just Terraces
212.570.4830
75
Kenneth Lynch & 50ns
203.264.2831
202
724.284.1213
207.234
36. 225
224
Ohio Gratings Inc
330.479.4295
198
5labilizer SoIutions. Inc.
800336.2468
Kstone
Ridge D esig .
I nc.
Korneg Design
602.252.6323
landscape Forms
800.430.6254.5 29.226(2)
Meteor 50lar LED Lighling. IL05 Corporation 213.255.2060
tslefs Draperi es D ign. l nc.
858.277.5936
62
Moon Vi sions Lighting
21 4.393.7407
415.618576
58. 224
Longshadow Cic Gaen rnamenls. Ltd. 618.893.4831
C2. 1. 226
Congrewd Confe n ces l nc
604.685.0450
30
MadX
800.448.7931
226
434.924.1428
213
800.7 16 .56
39
404.310.6490
714.633.3732
University 01 Virginia. School 01Architec
I Maglin 5ite Fumilure Inc.

Millstones
FENCES/ GA:
iTES/WALLS
183
Ill usions Vi nyl Fence
800.:9.3362
Invsible Structur I n c
800.233.1510
800.574.1076
800.891.9791
PrivacyLink Manufacturing
FURNITURE/ RESIOENnAL
Oanver
203.269.2300
215
Fire Rock Products. LLC
205.639.5000
27
FMI Producls. LLC
866.328.4537
312.423.8708
R. H. Pe ter nCom ny
626.369.5085
Roya l nla
562.696.8718
212.812.9852
222 1 LANDS CAPE ARCHITECTU RE MAGAZINE NOV2011
Sitec
800.221 .1448
3 1.40
5tonehenge 5igns.lnc
916.201.3570
215
193
73.227
0
9
6
7
t
WMBERI ECKING/ E GING
540.904.6781
97
Aluminum Edging
800.787.3562
212. 234
5ynergy Pacific Engineered mber Ltd
877.546.6808
196
Ti mberTech
937.655.5237
199
United Const ction ProduclS Inc.1
303.892.0400
208.234
Kebony Products
5ur. Loc
ison Oecking
5 unbrella 1Glen Raven. Inc
336.227.6211
TAIl.
412.816.1600
37
Tensile 5hade Producls. LLC
520.9 05
186
Thomas 5 teete
800.8.7931
187
Nelwork. The
800.431.2584
53
UPCParks
0.605. 2664
John Witey & 50ns
201 .748.6000
72
Vessel U.5.A. Inc
858.385.1960
81
La ndscape Architect Business
866.444.4216
Vi ctor5 tan I nc.
301.855.8300 227. 236. C3
Timber P Inc
503.205.02 12
Wausau Ttle
0.388.8728
85
opos
WonderxLLC
970.925.3883
215
LLC
111. 226
MEO lA
8lue 800k 8 uilding & Construction
Magazine
49 .894.3600 .5
,"
.,
Rasmussen Gas Logs & Grills
256.329.8486
319.294.0001
A
D67
--UnOAU
n
'
Kalamazoo Outdoor Gourmet
800.896.0978
800.268.7809
Keystone Retaining Wall System
Plan te Unijmiled by H ks& La ttice

33
Robinson lron Co rato n
7974
RUD.Erlau
'''''
561.404.4098
800.832.7383
'Emon
Jakob Inc.
Peteen Conc t e Leisu Products
847.588.3400
51ressCrete Group 1King Luminai. The
205
800.225.7373
SternbeLighting
227
UphdAS
952.933.8855
Hendrick MIg.
502.719.1212
227
05
Anchor Wall 5ystems
Oxlo Ga en
6 1O.948AOOO
--
98. 224
800.735.8927
5pring City Electricat Mfg. Co
800.321.8724
Town Fibergtass
800.233.7196
&
Amestar Fence Products
ld
Philips Hadco
5elux Cporatlon
77
09p
69
A demyof A Uni rsity
209. 229
EOUCA'O N
818.887.1866
211
656.383.3788
Valvette 5yslems
407.7 72.7900
27
Jonite Private Limited
.322.91 46
Gale Pacilic. lnc.
877.227.8538
R AlNAGE ANO E OSION
Dig Irrigation Products
mmm
800.451.0410 6.7. 21. 225
Ba le tt Tree <pe Com pany
C NSTRUCON / MAlN TE N AN CE
8.323.1634
Forms+SurC
BUSINESS SERVICES
978.369.9639
Baseline. Inc
qo
THE BACK /
BUYER'S GUIDE
PARK5 AND RECREA:"
WausauTite
800.388.8728
800.547.1 940 179. 204.224
Western Porphyry
505.603.3737
213
612.670.8195
Whilac.Ger
330.823.1610
96.234
Cl'8Play
OOGIPOT
800.364.7681
213
OynamoPlgrounds
800 .790 .4
51 57
Elo ration aygrounds
613.394.7007
216
195
Outdoor Filness
888.3 1 5.97
172
Landscape Structures, Inc
800.328.05
43
little Tikes Commerciat Play Sy
704.949.1630
38
G reenfields
M i cle Rec i on
Equipment
888.458.2752
91
Archiped Classics
214.748.7431
OeepStream Oesigns
305.857.0466
Eye of the Day
805.566.0778
214
Most D e pe able Fountains
800.552.6331
213
Roman ~ounlains
800.794.1801 35.232.233
973.694.3262
76
70.492 .0686
193
60
Valvette 5ystems
nu
13
818.887.1866
233
514.694.3868
115
512.392.1155
104
--
3$
973.467.8266
To urne l Sitewor1<s/Planter Technology
800.542.2282
12. 234
847.784.69 10
231
405.233.2000
195. 232
& Trugs
715.241.8227
SpiderTie
Seibert & Rice
Tlli s
Kasco Marine. lnc
StormChambers
PLANTER5/ 5CULPTURE5/ GARDENACCE550RIE5
&&
Casting Intl
85
Columbia Ca s deCompany
by R esea h
USE THIS INDEX TO FIND THE RIGHT PRODUCT FOR THE JOB AT HAND.
FOR FRE E PRODUCT INFORMATIO N, GO TO WWW. ASLA.ORG/FREEINFO.
Voex Aqua ti Structu s

Ia ter O dyey
PlayMa Playgrounds
800.437.5297
185
Playworld Systems. lnc.
800.233.8404
19. 230
Protech Powder. lnc.
514.750.00
218
Oei gaa N urseries.
805.487.0696
206
Safeplay Systems
770.591.7000
206
OuPonl Ga en Produ c
248.827.0815
2-3.232
805.48 1 . 5686
105
Evergreen Nursery
858.720.4128
171
800.346.8524
228
J. Frank Schmidt & 50n Co
800 .825 .8 2
M ossAcr
866.438.6611
232
11
16
Spo Rock
Intl. dba Par1< Pets &
Bo ulde
Zeager Brothers.lnc.
951.328.9115
22
919.593.4666
181
Belden Brick Co.
330.493.8866
84
Belgard Hardscapes
710 4.33
61 . 230
Califom Prod ucts
Corporation
978.623.9980
189
Plant Specialists. Inc
718.392.9404
Platipus Anchors Ltd
919.662.5516
Read Custom 50ils
78 1.821.1111
Virginia Horticultural Foundation. The
757.366.0734
212
Vitamin Institute
800.441.8482
230
32
497
UA
Anmacell. LLC
207
541.476.3985
800.247.2326
Block Co.. Inc
212.661.1445
Mycorrhiz.al Applications Inc

Partac Peat Corpo rati
gelus
49
&
Andrev Lefevre Studios
800.258.2353
Inc
U
&
Acker. Stone Industries Inc.
MATERIALS
Oeep Fork Tree Farm
PAVING/ 5 URFACING/ MA50NRY 5TONE/ METALS
PLANT5/50I LS/PLANNG
Oeep Root Partners. LP
0.458.1668
230
Eurocobble
811.817.5012
113. 230
Fibar System I Amdex
0.342.2721
231
GreenRock
805.522.1 1 91
Hanover Architectural Products. Inc
0.426.4242
181
Ktingstone Paths. LLC
773.576.2598
109
Icon Shelter Systems Inc
800.748.095
230
Midwest Products Group
573.635.7206
11 9
Poligon. A Producl of PO e rCorp
616.399.1963
179.232
Public Restr. m Company. The
888.888.2060
125
ARCAT.lnc
203.929.9444
24
ARCOM I tvlASTERSPEC Specifications
801.521.9162
206
Bluebeam Softwa
626.296.2140
. 233
Nicotock
4.686.0845
217
Oly .Ola Edgings. Inc
847.853.9400
231
Pavestone Company
817.481.5802
23 1.C4
Peacock Pavers
251.368.2072
26
Pine Hall Brick Co..lnc
336.721 .7500
195. 231
Rosetta Ha sca pe s
231 7.6595
71 . 231
SofSURFACES. Inc
0.263.2363
25
Soit Retention Products
160.966.6090
Southwest G ens
811.260.7888
47
Stepstone. Inc
310.321.1414
2 6
Stone For st
505.986.8883
23
Tile of Spain
305.446.4387
Tri -5tate 5tone Co. forCa erock
301.365.2100
5TRUCTURE5
815.946.3994
205
Classic Rec a tio n Systems. Inc
928.775.3307
209. 233
oallon Pavilions.lnc.
800.53 266
233
oefoh e
25 1 .40 4 . 519
88
Ceda r Fo st
Products Co.
TECHNOLDGY
tvlpengo Ltd.
416.840.3064
196
Sonance. A Oivision of Dana Innovations
949, 226,5155
212
Aqua Control Water Fea tu $
815.664.4900
213
Atomng Systems. Inc
888.265.3364
216
Bo nja 1 m
831.476.3079
67
317.575.7288
32
WATEF MA NAGEME NT ANDAME NITl E5
nyeDr3
Fi lestone
5pe.:ialty Products
Fountain People. Inc
512.392.1155 87. 210. 233
Irrometer Company, Inc
951.689.1701
416.646.5255
920.115.4151
Unilock. Ltd
Valders 5tone & Marble
12
Intemational
233
LAND5CAPE A R C H IECTURE MAGAZINE NDV 20 11 / 223
H2 -g
2
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714.895 .3 359
www.archpo .com
www.j on i te.com
CIRCE
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www.timberform.com
Columbia Cascade Company

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CIRCE
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800.45 1.0410
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RE S EA R C P RI OR I TIES
BY KU RT O. CULBE RTSON , FASLA
s a p
ne
E
in search of
the
S1s t<op
ist
ha
t will be of va
lue to land
sca
ape
architecture practi
ic
e. 1 have found a
t mor
e oft
ten than
not
their desire is top
roduce research t
ha
t willhaveuity and value
to the profession rather than simply meeting degree reqre
ments. But the role o[ research in landscape architecture has
always been weak relative to at of other professions such as
medicine or engineering. Though practitioners investigate and
gather information in their project work, most of them are not
trained researchers. Education in research methods is seJdom
incorporated into undergraduate curricuJa. Many firm principals recognize the gromng importance of research, especia!ly
given e move toward evidence-based design. Evidence-based
design, now common in fields such as health c is a desigIl
approach at emphasizes the importance of usingedibledata
to inuence the design process. But practitioners may bkat
the idea of adding work in the midst oftheir constant need to get
projects out on tirne and on budget. Even so, a well-grounded
foundation of research is needed to ensure that evidence-based
design does not [a!l into the realrn o[ pseudoscience.
Evidence-based design offers a great opporturlity [or the pro[ession

-the chance to build a dynarnic relationship between academia
and practice by establishing a research agenda for landscape
architecture at a national level. A national research agenda
wouJd not restrict 0 1' bias the 1'esearch efforts of the academy.
Rather, it would aggregate and give structure to the many issues
of research irnpolt to profession and identify a cont
for investigation. Al though there is dearly a place for research
withinprossional practice, it is e academy that must prode
leadership. Some landscape architture degree programs are
emphasizing evidence-based design, and others have active
resea1'c h prograrns. But the profession needs a way to 1'aise the
visibility of these research efforts. Ideal1y, an organization such
as the Council ofEducators in Landscape Architecture (CElA),
perhaps in conjunction with the l.andscape Architecture Foundation Per[ormance Series, would conduct a periodic survey o[
the profession to identify topics of research interest and schools
where they are a [ocus.
CElA has historically played an irnportant role in [ostering a
research commun and ASlA's Professional Practice Networks have circuJated and promoted research that is dosely
linked with practice. The new National Academy of Environ-
mental Desi gIl, a consortium o[ national design organizations

including ASlA, will further advance research within the
design professions.
A national research agendaouJd suggest areas ripe for theses
and dissertations to help stimulate graduate-Ievel research. It
might propose projets of immediate relevan< but it shouJd
also indude inquiries into topics that may apply more speculatively to the profession-the kind of exploration critical to
bringing new ideasthe surface. Potential solutions identi ed
by the academy can be tested by practice. In turn, new areas
of interest to the academy will emerge om practice as well.
Providing a framework for eollabo1'ation of academia and
practice offers the potential for generating funding sources for
academic research. Sophisticated clients are willing to pay for
research that wiU help solve the challenges they face ifthey have
condence in the research and can see a reasonable return on
.eir investrnent from the rults. Some enlightened practitioners, who [ace common challenges across multiple projects, may
also contribute to research at advances their practice areas.
There are two areas ofconcem, however. The fust is that some
academicians a1'e suspicious of plivately funded resea1'c h and
its whiff o[ potential bias. Rather than turn away private [unding, we need dear standards to ensure objeUty. The second
concern is tlhat some academic programs are eliminating the
requirement of a thesis for e graduate degree, substituting
instead a ul project that, in many cases, is not a amework
[or rigorous research. Graduate students are often poorly prepared to conduct thesis research because of a lack of training
at an undergraduate level.
Design approaches without evidence are based on theory
alone. Our obligation to maintain the health, safety, and wellbeing of society demands mo 1'e. Eviden-based design suggests a need [or research in multiple areas, such as sociology,
community planning, and eonomics as well as traditional
design issues. Our efforts must be blt upon the collaborative
effof private practice and the academy ided by a national
research agenda that gives focus to our work. 0
KURT O. CUL 8ER50N FASLA , 15 THE CHA1RMAN OF THE 80ARO OF OESIGN
WORKSHO P.
LA N SCAPE
ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE NOV201l /23S
For an in-depth look at site furnishings and the qualities to look for before specification, schedule
1. 800.368.2573 (USA & Canada)
Visit us at Booth 2017
Victor Stanley lunch & leorn at your 0ice
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San Diego, CA
-Mancturers
INC
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