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Trig Cheat Sheet: Definition of The Trig Functions
Trig Cheat Sheet: Definition of The Trig Functions
Trig Cheat Sheet: Definition of The Trig Functions
or 0 < < 90 .
( x, y )
hypotenuse
opposite
adjacent
opposite
hypotenuse
adjacent
cos =
hypotenuse
opposite
tan =
adjacent
sin =
hypotenuse
opposite
hypotenuse
sec =
adjacent
adjacent
cot =
opposite
csc =
y
=y
1
x
cos = = x
1
y
tan =
x
sin =
1
y
1
sec =
x
x
cot =
y
csc =
tan , n + , n = 0, 1, 2,
2
csc , n , n = 0, 1, 2,
1
sec , n + , n = 0, 1, 2,
2
cot , n , n = 0, 1, 2,
Range
The range is all possible values to get
out of the function.
csc 1 and csc 1
1 sin 1
1 cos 1 sec 1 and sec 1
tan
cot
Period
The period of a function is the number,
T, such that f ( + T ) = f ( ) . So, if
is a fixed number and is any angle we
have the following periods.
sin ( )
T=
cos ( )
tan ( )
csc ( )
sec ( )
cot ( )
2
=
2
=
2
=
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sec ( ) = sec
tan ( ) = tan
cot ( ) = cot
Periodic Formulas
If n is an integer.
sin ( + 2 n ) = sin
csc ( + 2 n ) = csc
t
x
180t
=
t=
and x =
180 x
180
2
2
+
sin sin = 2 cos
sin
2 2
+
cos + cos = 2 cos
cos
2
2
tan ( ) =
+
cos cos = 2sin
sin
2 2
Cofunction Formulas
sin = cos
2
csc = sec
2
cos = sin
2
sec = csc
2
tan = cot
2
cot = tan
2
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Unit Circle
y
1 3
,
2 2
2 2
,
2
2
3 1
,
2 2
3
4
( 0,1)
2
3
90
120
2 2
,
2 2
60
45
135
5
6
1 3
,
2 2
30
3 1
,
2 2
150
( 1,0 )
180
3 1
,
2
2
7
6
2
2
,
2
2
210
5
4
360
330
225
4
3
240
1
3
,
2 2
315
7
300
270
4
5
3
3
2
11
6
(1,0 )
3 1
,
2 2
2
2
,
2
2
1
3
,
2 2
( 0,1)
For any ordered pair on the unit circle ( x, y ) : cos = x and sin = y
Example
5
cos
3
1
=
2
5
sin
3
=
2
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Inverse Properties
cos ( cos 1 ( x ) ) = x
cos 1 ( cos ( ) ) =
sin ( sin 1 ( x ) ) = x
sin 1 ( sin ( ) ) =
tan ( tan 1 ( x ) ) = x
tan 1 ( tan ( ) ) =
1 x 1
y = cos x
1 x 1
y = tan 1 x
< x <
Range
Alternate Notation
sin 1 x = arcsin x
cos 1 x = arccos x
2
2
0 y
< y<
tan 1 x = arctan x
b
Law of Sines
sin sin sin
=
=
a
b
c
Law of Tangents
a b tan 12 ( )
=
a + b tan 12 ( + )
Law of Cosines
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos
b c tan 12 ( )
=
b + c tan 12 ( + )
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos
a c tan 12 ( )
=
a + c tan 12 ( + )
Mollweides Formula
a + b cos 12 ( )
=
c
sin 12
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