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History Class 10 - Module 2 - 04-11-2014 - Pre-Dynastic Egypt - Pyramids New PDF
History Class 10 - Module 2 - 04-11-2014 - Pre-Dynastic Egypt - Pyramids New PDF
History Class 10 - Module 2 - 04-11-2014 - Pre-Dynastic Egypt - Pyramids New PDF
History of
Architecture
CLASS 10
Nipun George
SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.
MODULE 2
5000 BC 3000 BC
4000 BC 3100 BC
3300 BC 1300 BC
3200 BC 1500 BC
MESOLITHIC AGE
20,000 BC 9000BC
PALEOLITHIC AGE
9000 B.C.
BRONZE AGE
3000 BC 1300 BC
20,000 B.C.
NEOLITHIC AGE
9,000 BC 3000BC
3000 B.C.
IRON AGE
1300 BC 0 A.D
MODULE 1
MODULE 2
1300 B.C.
MODULE 3
0 A.D
2014 A.D
800 A.D
PreDynastic Period in
EGYPT
5500 BC 2700 BC
1. LOWER EGYPT
a) Faiyum A
Culture 5200
BC
b) Merimde
Culture 5000
4200 BC
c) El Omari
Culture 4000
BC onwards
d) Maadi Culture
38003200 BC
Contemporary
Weaving is
People lived in Lived in huts with Naqada I and
evidenced for
small huts.
II phases in Upper
the first time
The pottery is Egypt.
undecorated
undecorated.
People of this
pottery and had
Copper was
period(unlike
stone tools.
Stone tools known the
later Egyptians)
include small
pottery is simple
buried their dead buried their
flakes, axes and and undecorated.
very close to,
dead within the sickles.
and sometimes
settlement and
People lived in
inside, their
produced clay
Metal was not small huts, partly
settlements.
figurines.
known.
dug into the
ground.
The first
Egyptian lifesize
The dead were
head made of
buried in
clay
cemeteries
1. UPPER EGYPT
a)Tasian Culture 4500 BC
Notable for producing the earliest blacktop
ware, a type of red and brown pottery that is
painted black on the top and interior
The handles on pottery evolved from
functional to ornamental
INTERIOR
The original entrance to the Great Pyramid is 17 metres
vertically above ground level.
The Descending Passage 0.96 metres high and 1.04
metres wide which goes down at an angle of 26 through
the masonry of the pyramid and then into the bedrock
beneath the lower Chamber (unfinished).
At 28.2 metres square hole in the roof the
beginning of the Ascending Passage.The Ascending
Passage is 39.3 metres (129 ft) long with same width,
height slope angle as D.P.
At the start of the Grand Gallery Horizontal Passage
(1.1m high) leading to the "Queen's Chamber".
Near the chamber there is a step in the floor, after
which the passage is 1.73 metres (5.7 ft) high.
Grand Gallery
It continues the slope of the Ascending Passage, but is
8.6 metres high and 46.68 metres long.
At the upper end of the Gallery on the righthand side
there is a hole near the roof which opens into a short
tunnel by which access can be gained to the lowest of the
Relieving Chambers.
The floor of the Grand Gallery consists of a shelf or step
on either side, 51 centimetres wide, leaving a lower ramp
1.04 metres wide between them.
The Grand Gallery was connected to the King's Chamber
via the passage through Ante Chamber
Queen's Chamber
Exactly halfway between the north and south faces of
the pyramid and measures 5.75 m by 5.23 m
Has a pointed roof with an apex 6.23 metres
In the north and south walls of the Queen's Chamber
there are shafts that immediately slope upwards.
Made entirely of finished limestone blocks with a
gabled ceiling.
The walls are bare and uninscribed.
King's Chamber
The King's Chamber is 10.47 m by 5.234 m
It has a flat roof 5.974 m above the floor.
Two narrow shafts in the north and south walls
purpose of these shafts is not clear.
Entirely faced with granite.
Above the roof, which is formed of nine slabs of stone
weighing in total about 400 tons, are five compartments
known as Relieving Chambers.
The first four have flat roofs formed by the floor of the
chamber above, but the final chamber has a pointed roof.
It is provided to prevent roof collapsing under the
weight of stone above the Chamber.
The only
object in the
King's
Chamber is a
rectangular
granite
sarcophagus,
one corner of
which is
broken.
the
sarcophagus
is roughly
finished,
with saw
marks visible
in several
places.
Sphinx
Limestone statue of a reclining sphinx (a mythical
creature with a lion's body and a human head) that
stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile
in Giza, Egypt.
The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to
represent the face of the Pharaoh Khafra.
It is 73.5 metres long, 19.3 metres wide, and 20.22 m
high.
It is the oldest known monumental sculpture, and is
commonly believed to have been built by ancient
Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the
Pharaoh Khafra.