Stenter Machine:

A machine or apparatus for stretching or stentering fabrics. The purpose of the stenter
machine is to bringing the length and width to pre determine dimensions and also
for heat setting and it is used for applying finishing chemicals and also shade variation
is adjusted. The main function of the stenter is to stretch the fabric widthwise and to
recover the uniform width.

Stentering machine

Functions of Stenter Machines:

1.

Heat setting is done by the stenter for lycra fabric, synthetic and blended fabric.

2.

Width of the fabric is controlled by the stenter.

3.

Finishing chemical apply on fabric by the stenter.

4.

Loop of the knit fabric is controlled.

5.

Moisture of the fabric is controlled by the stenter.

6.

Spirility controlled by the stenter.

7.

GSM of the fabric is controlled by stenter.

8.

Fabric is dried by the stentering process.

9.

Shrinkage property of the fabric is controlled.

10.

Curing treatment for resin, water repellent fabric is done by the stenter.

Components of Stenter Machine:

Paders

Weft straightner (Mahlo)

Burners 10

Heat recovery

Attraction rollers

Circulating fans 10,8

Exhaust fans 2

Winder 2

Clips

Pins

I.R

Cooling drums 2

Working

Procedure

of

Stenter

Machine:

The fabric is collected from the batcher to the scray and then it is passed through the
padders where the finishes are applied and some times shade variation is
corrected.The fabric is entered into the mahlo (weft straigtner) the function of the mahlo
is to set the bow and also weave of the fabric is griped by the clips and pins are also
provided but the pins has a disadvantage that they pins make holes at the selvedge but
the stretchning of the pins are greater than the clips.these clips and pins are joined to
endless chain.there are 8 to 10 chambers provided on the machine each chamber
contains a burner and filters are provided to separate dust from air.the circulating fans
blow air from the base to the upper side and exhaust fans sucks all the hot air within the
chambers. Attraction rollers ar provided to stretch the warp yarn.
After stentering we can increase the width of the fabric up to 1.5-2 inch.The speed of
the machine is about 7-150 m/min.3 meters fabric can run in each chamber.temperature
is adjusted that according to the fabric as for,
1.

PC 210 c

2.

Cotton 110-130 c

After dyeing 160-170c and after print 130-140c.

Comparison Between Stenter 10 F, Stenter 8 F and

Knit Stenter:
Stenter

10

F:

The word 10 F stands for 10 flames.in stenter 10 F clips are used to stretch the fabric
and this is a disadvantage that holes appears on the selvedge of the fabric and also
uneven
dyeing
is
achieved.

Stenter

F:

Stenter 8 F has 8 flames and the main purpose of 8F stenter same as 10F stenter. The
basic advantage of the machine is dyeing can also done on 8F machine and has I.R
system. Finishing, dyeing can also done even we can dye pigment , heat setting and
also we can control skew and bow problems and another advantage is using light
shades
no
clip
marks
appears.

Knit

Stenter:

The basic difference of the knit stenter machine is that it is used for knit fabric weft
straightening, heat setting, dyeing, light shades and also for print and knit fiishing
chemicals applicaions. Pins are also provided with the clips.flat rollers are present and a
brush to hold the pin,the L-guide is also used for knit fabric and a selvedge cutter with
suction
privided.

Specification of a Stenter Machine:

Brand Name
Serial no
Origin
Year of manufacture
Speed range
Temperature range
Used utilities
Production capacities
No. of chamber
Maximum fabris width
Minimum fabric witdth
Steam pressure
Air pressure
Applied for
No. of ratamatic burner
Extra Attachment

Bruckner
72276-0463
Germany
1995
15-30 m/min
50-250C
Electricity, Gas, Compress air, Steam
8 ton /day
3
102
30
2 bar
10 bar
Open tube fabric
6
Mahlo weft straightener

M/C parts

Burner,Nozzle, Exhaust air fan, Over feed

roller, Suction fan, Chain arrangement

Technical Data of Stenter Machine:

Read more: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/01/stenter-machine-function-of-stenter.html#ixzz4BLAGCTAP

Textile Dryer:
Drying is done after de-watering of fabric. In textile finishing unit; dryer uses for dry
the knit, woven fabrics and dyed yarn. But the drying process and drying mechanism of
yarn and fabrics is different from one to another. The main functions of a textile dryer is
to dry the textile fabrics. Drying is defined as a process where the liquid portion of the
solution is evaporated from the fabric.

Textile Dryer
Considering points for selecting a dryer: Following points should consider during buy
a dryer.
1.

Heating methods: The textile fabrics may be heated by gas burner or steam.

2.

Chamber: Number of chamber.

3.

Burner: Number of burner.

Working

Principle

of

Dryer

After de-watering then the fabric through the dryer. The main function of the dryer is
given below,
1.

To dry the fabric.

2.

To control the overfeed system.

3.

To control the vibration which increase the G.S.M.

This machine contains two chambers. Two mesh endless conveyors are placed
lengthwise to the chamber named conveyor net and filter net, each chamber contain a

burner, which supply hot air .This hot air is guided through the ducting line by suction
fan .There are nozzles placed in between filter net and conveyor net. When the fabric
pass on the conveyor net, hot air is supplied to the wet fabric to dry it. There are
exhaust fan which such the wet air and deliver to the atmosphere through the ducting
line.

Fig: Passage Diagram of The fabric in Dryer Machine.

The speed of the dryer depends on the temperature of the m/c & the G.S.M of the
fabric . If the m/c temp. is high then m/c speed also high and the m/c temp. is low then
m/c speed also low . The vibration speed of the m/c for heavy fabric is 730 m/min and
normal
fabric
is
480
m/min
.
The temp. of different chambers according to the shade of the fabric:
Shade
Light
Medium
Deep

Chamber-1
1200c
1350c
1500c

Chamber-2
1300c
1400c
1700c

Operating Parameters:
1.

Temperature:-Set the temperature between 120 0C -1300C for white and 1500C 1700C for color fabric. GSM temperature Or, moisture content temperature

2.

Set the over feed up to 10~20% or as required to get finish G.S.M.

3.

Set the speed as much as possible (6~20m/min). GSM speed

Special Feature of Dryer :

1.

Steam dryer ( two chambers ) .

2.

Vibration occur in heating zone .

3.

Process air pressure switch present .

4.

Maximum temp. increase up to 1700C .

5.

Steam control switch present .

6.

Two burners present .

7.

Two conveyor belt is present .

Parameters Used For Different Constructed Fabric:

For Cotton Fabric:
Fabric Type

Overfeed %

Temperature0C

Speed (m/min)

Light
Color

Deep
Color

High
G.S.M

Low
G.S.M

Folder Speed
(m/min)

Single Jersey

-15 % to-20%

1450C

1650C

6.5~7

8~9

2~3

Single Lacoste

-20 % to-25%

1450C

1650C

6.0~7

8~9

2~3

Polo Pique

-20 % to-25%

1450C

1650C

6.0~7

8~9

2~3

Interlock

-20 % to-25%

1550C

1700C

5~6.5

7~8

2~3

Rib

-5%

1450C

1650C

4~4.5

5~5.5

3~4

Grey Mlange

-20 %

1500C

1650C

4~4.5

5~5.5

3~4

For Polyester Fabric:

Fabric Type

Overfeed %

Temperature0C
Light
Color

Deep
Color

Speed (m/min)
High
G.S.M

Low
G.S.M

Folder Speed
(m/min)

Single Jersey

-5%

1350C

1150C

10~12

8~10

4~6
5~6

Single Lacoste

-5%

135 C

115 C

10~12

8~10

Polo Pique

-5%

1400C

1150C

10~12

8~10

5~6
4~5
0

Interlock

-5%

135 C

110 C

6~8

8~9

Rib

-5%

1450C

1150C

4~4.5

4.5~6.0

Grey Mlange

-5%

1300C

1150C

6~8

5~5.5

5~6
5~6

N.B: For Polyamide: Temp range is 1100C~ 1150C.Speed range16~18;Overfeed range5%. This Datas are varied depending upon the Gray G.S.M and Finished G.S.M and
also on the dia of the fabric. All this parameters are suitable for G.G.S.M range 140~160
to
get
Fin.G.S.M
170~185
without
Lycra
Fabric.
Following things are also considered in case of Dryer machine:

If fabric is more Redder than the standard one, then reduce the temperature.

If fabric is more Yellower than the standard one, then increase the temperature.

If fabric is more Bluer than the standard one, then increase the temperature.

All This datas are practiced in mills which may varied factory to factory.

Machine Specification:

Brand Name: Santex ag

Year of Manufacture: 1998

Company: Santex ag

Type: Santastretch 2K/240,GM,IR,GFI

Origin : Switzerland

Max. Working Speed: 30 m/min

Model: CH-9555,Tobel

Min. working Speed : 5~15 m/min

Overfeed Range : 0% to -25%

Max. Temperature : 1850C

No of Chamber: Two

No of Burner : 2

Read more: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/02/textile-dryer-working-principle-of.html#ixzz4BLAnqfzN

Flow Chart of Quality Control in Marker

Making
Mayedul Islam
Merchandiser at Fashion Xpress Buying House.
Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Email: mayedul.islam66@gmail.com

Marker

Making:

Marker is a thin paper. Marker making is the process of determining a most

efficient layout of pattern pieces for a style, fabric and distribution of
sizes. Marker making is a critical step in thegarment manufacturing
process. Maintaining quality in this stage is very important task for textile
engineer. Flowchart of quality control in marker making is given below.

Marker making

Flow Chart of Quality Control in Marker

Making:
To check notch or drill mark

Fabric width must be higher than marker width

Fabric length must be higher than marker length

Matching of green line

Check pattern size and dimension

Matching of check and stripe taking into consideration

Considering garments production plan

Cutting table length consideration

Pattern direction consideration

Description of Physical Testing Equipments of Dyeing

Lab
Mustaque Ahammed Mamun
Department of Textile Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET)
Cell: +8801723300703
Email: mamuntex09@gmail.com

Introduction:
Existence of modern dyeing factory cannot be thought without lab. Lab of a modern
dye house can be considered as the heart of the industry. Different equipments are
used in lab. All the equipments used in lab can be categorized into two i.e. equipments
for lab dip preparation or chemical test and equipment for physical test. In this article
we
will
discuss
on
equipments
for
physical
test.

Equipments for physical test:

1.

Tumble dryer

2.

Dimensional stability test

3.

PH meter

4.

Perspirometer

5.

Washing machine

6.

Crockmeter

7.

Yarn count tester

8.

GSM cutter

9.

Pilling tester

Description

of

equipments:

Tumble dryer

Function: Used
Specification:

to

Fig: Tumble dryer

dry

the

sample.

Brand: Electrolux

Model: T5130

Origin: Thailand

Capacity: 12 kg

Perspirometer

Fig: Perspirometer
Function:
Used
to

test

the color

fastness

of

fabric against

perspiration.

Specification:

Brand: Paramount

Origin: India

Sample size: 10Cm4Cm

Perspiration

solution:

Alkaline solution:
Chemical name
Histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate
Sodium chloride
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate(Na2HPO4H2O)

Amount in 1 ltr
0.5 g
5.0g
2.5 g

Acid solution:
Chemical name

Amount in 1 ltr

Histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate

Sodium chloride
Sodium di-hydrogen orthophosphate(NaH2PO4H2O)

0.5 g
5.0g
2.2 g

Testing procedure:

A sample measuring 10Cm4Cm is cut and a multi-fiber fabric is sewn with it.

The sample is dipped into the solution containing perspiration chemical.

The sample is squeezed to remove excess chemical.

Then the sample is placed into two plates of the perspirometer and is pressed by
12.5 KPa.

After that together with the specimen the perspirometer is kept in oven at 37C
for four hours.

Finally the sample is assessed for color change and the adjacent fabric for color
staining.

Washing machine

Fig: Washing machine

Function:
Used to wash the sample with standard washing chemical in order to assess the
dimensional
stability
of
sample.
Specification:

Brand: Siemens

Capacity: 7 kg

Speed: 800 rpm

Crock meter

Fig: Crock meter

Function:
Used
to

test

the

color

fastness

of

fabric

against

rubbing

Specification:

Brand: Paramount

Origin: India

Test method: ISO 105-X12:1995

Testing procedure:

Dyed specimens (10cm4cm) are rubbed 10 times by the weighted finger

covered with undyed cotton cloth (5cm5cm).

For wet rubbing the cotton cloth is wetted out before being rubbed on the dyed
sample.

Then the cotton cloth is examined for dye which may have been removed and
assessed using the grey scales for staining.

Yarn count tester

Fig: Yarn count tester

Function:
Used
to

determine

the

yarn

Fig: Template
count

of

the

supplied

fabric.

Specification:

Brand: Paramount

Origin: India

Testing procedure:

Fabric sample is cut by placing the template on the fabric and the yarns are
unraveled from the sample.

Standard weight is kept on the verge of the machine.

Then the unraveled threads are kept on the hook of the machine one by one until
the pointer is in level with the datum line.

When pointer is in level with datum line then the yarns put on the hook are
counted which indicates the yarn count.

GSM cutter

Fig: GSM cutter

Function:
Used

to

cut

sample

for GSM check.

Testing procedure:

Sample is cut by GSM cutter.

Then the sample is weighted by using electrical balance.

GSM is found by multiplying the weight with 100.

Pilling tester

Fig: Pilling Tester

Function:
Used
to
Specification:

test

the

resistance

of

fabric

against

pilling.

Model: digiPILL Nx

Brand: Paramount

Origin: India

Sample dimension: 25cm12.5cm

Testing procedure:

Sample having the dimension 25cm12.5cm is rolled onto a package and then it
is kept into the box of the machine.

Machine is run and continued up to the desired cycle.

After completion of the desired cycle the sample is compared with standard
photographs to know the pilling resistance of the fabric.

Shrinkage test

Fig: Glass template for shrinkage test

Shrinkage testing procedure:

Sample whose shrinkage test is to be done is placed on the table.

Putting the glass template on sample and marking with unchangeable marker is
done.

Then the sample is washed at 60C temperature for 90 minutes.

Sample is dried out.

Three points on warp side and three points on weft side are checked to find out
the dimensional change and mean value is taken for accurate result.

Remarks:
It has to convey a cordial indebtedness to the Authority for giving us such unique
opportunity for visiting their lab. Hope knowledge earned from the lab is so much
beneficial for a textile engineer to serve himself as lab personnel. Basically we were
introduced with different laboratory equipments, their function and also the testing
procedure. And hope all the earnings will be so much beneficial for us. Above we wish
to pay our cordial respect to our honorable teacher Md.Shahjalal Kandoker for his nice
co-operation and close supervision for doing this job.
Read more: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2015/04/description-of-physical-testing.html#ixzz4BLC8T76c

Lab Dip:
Lab Dip Development means the sample which is dyed according to buyers requirements
(similar shade and so on). Depending on lab dip development sample dyeing and bulk
production dyeing planning is done.Lab work plays an important role in dyeing process.
Bulk dyeing process completely depends on the lab dip development work. Lab work is
completely managed as the following sequence.

Work in lab dip

Procedure for Lab dip by the Different Dyestuff in the

Laboratory:
Procedure

for100

Cotton

Fabric

1.
Calculate
the
recipe
.
2.
Weight
the
fabric.
3.
Take
the
beaker
keep
the
fabric
in
to
the
beaker
.
4. Then the dyes , chemicals & required amount of water take in to the beaker by the digital

pipeting
.
5. Then weight the salt by the electric balance and add in to the beaker .
6. Then the beaker set in to the lab dyeing machine for dyeing .
7. Start the program for dyeing the whole dyeing time 60 min at 60 C temperature . ( the dyeing
time and temperature depends on which classes of dyes are used for dyeing .)
8. After 30 min add the then add the soda ash . by pipeting .
9. Again run the program next 30 min at the same temperature .
10. Finished the dyeing time then the sample taken from the beaker first hot wash & then cold
wash
.
11.
Then
acid
wash
as
for
neutralization
.
12. Then soaping required soap solution 10 min at 90 C temperature .
13.
After
the
fabric
again
cold
.
14. Then dry the lab dip and compare with the standard .

Read more: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/12/procedure-for-lab-dip-by-different.html#ixzz4BLLsYcPw