Grammar summary

Unit 9 improvements
Grammar focus 1 GET OR
HAVE SOMETHING DONE

What about taking a dance

class?

get / have +object + p.

participle

Have you thought about

asking your friends to
introduce you to their
other friends?

Michael gets hair cut every

month.
Did
you
repaired?

have

watch

Grammar 2 focus MAKING

SUGGESTIONS

Whit negative
Why dont you join an
online dating service?

Whit modal + verbs

Whit infinitives

Maybe you could go to a

chart room.

One opinion is to a club

Whit gerunds

It might be a good idea to

check
out
those
discussion groups at the
bookstore

 Unit 10 The past and the future.

Grammar
focus
1
REFERRING TO TIME IN THE
PAST

Grammar
PREDICTING
WITH WILL

Point in the past

during, ago)

Prediction
____future

(in,

focus
2
THE FUTURE
(will/

wont)

Dragon Ball was popular in

2000.

He will buy a house in 10

years from now.

Period in the past (from,

to, for)

Future continuos (will be

+ V.ing)
____ actions
in progress

RBD was famous loand from

2006 to 2008.
Period that continues to
the present (since, for)
Chave has been broadcastes
since 1976.

In 50 years, people will be

living in other planet.
Future
perfecto
(will
have + V.p participle)
____completed action
By september 15th, will have
passed sixth level.

 Unit 11 Lifes little lessons

Grammar
CLAUSES

focus

TIME

Before I had mi first job, I

was really inmature.
After I got mi first job, I
become more mature.
Once I had a job, I became
totally independent.
The moment I moved away
from home, I felt like a
different person.
As sonn as I got my own
bank account, I started to be
more responsible.
Until I graduated, Id never
had
any
important
responsibilities.

By the time I graduated

from high school, I had
already started working.
Grammar
focus
2
EXPRESING REGRET AND
DESCRIBING HYPOTHETICAL
SITUATIONS
Regrets (should+ have +
p. participle)
I should have given you all
my hours.
Hypothetical (If + past
perfect + would/could +
have + p participle)
If he had spent more time
with her, they would have
been together now.

 Unit 12 The right stuf

Grammar
focus
DESCRIBING PURPOSE
In
order
to
___more formal

(verbs)

In order to run a successful

business is important to
have a good location.
In order for (noun)
In order for a business to be
successful its important a
good location.

Grammar focus 2 GIVING

REASONS
Because, Since (subject
+ verb)
I like Casablanca because it
s a always packed.
Since its always so packed,
theres a long wait outside
the club.
Because of, Due to, for
(noun+ noun phrase)
Its popular because of the
fashionable people.
The Soul Club is famous for
its fantastic music.
Due to the crods, the
Casablanca is difficult to get
in to.

The
reason
phrase+ verb)

(noun

The reason (that / why)

people go there is just to
be seen.

Unit 13 thats a possibility

Grammar focus 1
(Past modals for
degrees
of
certanity)
We can use past
modals to
talk
about how sure
we
are
that
something
happened.
Use
modal must if its
almost
certain.
Use
modals
may/might and
could
if
its
possible.
Use
modal couldnt if
its not possible.
The general form

for
using
modals is:

past

modal +
have
+ past participle
Examples:
She must have
left already its
almost certain
He
may/might
have forgotten the
time
its
possible
She couldnt have
been at home
its not possible

Grammar focus 2
(past modals fo
judgments
and
suggestions)
If you judge past
actions, you must
use the modal
should/shouldn
t . And if you
suggest
past
actions,you must
use the modals
could/nt
or
would/nt

modal +
have
+ past participle
Examples:
You
shouldnt
have kept your
notes this long
judging
past
actions
You would have
been
more
understanding
suggestion
past
actions

The general form

is:

Unit 14 Behind the scenes

Grammar focus 1
(the pasive to
describe process)
We
use
to
describe how they
are made, used,

or
things
are
made in certain
processes
or
procedures.
Use
is/are + past
participle or can

also be used in
passive
modal
verbs whose base
structure
is
Modal + be +
past participle.
Examples:
A scene is filmed
just once.
One scene might
be shot from two
or five different
angles.

Grammar focus 2
(Defining
and
non-defining
relative clauses)
We use defining
relative clauses to
give
essential
information about
someone
or
something

information
that
we need in order
to
understand
what or who is
being referred to.
A defining relative
clause
usually
comes
immediately after
the
noun
it
describes. Usually

use
a
relative
pronoun
(who,
that,
which,
whose)
to
introduce
a
defining
relative
clause.
Example:
A dialect coach is
a
language
specialist.
She works
actors on
accents.

with
their

A dialect coach is
a
language
specialist
who/that works
with actors on
their accents.
We
use
nondefining
relative
clauses to give
extra information
about the person
or thing. It is not
necessary
information.
We
dont need it to
understand
who
or what is being
referred to.
Example:

 A location scout
finds places to
shoot scenes.
He travels all over
the world.

A location scout,
who find splaces
to shoot scenes,
travels all over
the world.

Unit 15 There should be a law

Grammar focus 1
(Giving
recommendations
and opinions)
We
can
use
passive modals to
make
recommendations
about
peoples
actions and other
things. When you
think something is
a good idea you
must
use
the
structure: Modal
+ be + past
participle. In this
case only use the
modals
should/nt
or
ought/(not) to.
When you think

something
is
absolutely
necessary
you
must
use
the
same
structura,
but this modals
must/nt , has to
or has got to.
Examples:
Cyclist should be
required to wear a
helemet.
Something
has
got to be done to
stop littering

Grammar focus 2
(Tag questions for
opinions )
The tag questions
for opinions are

used
when
seeking
confirmation
of
what one believes
to be true. They
restate,
in
question form.
Examples:

He is an engineer,
Isnt he?

Affirmative
There
arent
enough
police,
are there?

Negative

Unit 16 Challenges and accomplishments

Grammar focus 1
(Complex
noun
phrases
containing
gerunds)

In this part we
must use gerunds
to form Complex
noun phrases.
Examples:

 One
of
the
rewards
of
working
with
them
is
experiencing their
youthful energy.
Blowing bubbles
on a windy day
is a fun activity for
children.

Grammar focus 2
(Accomplishments
and Goals )
We
use
this
grammar
to
practice how to
talk about past
and
hopes-for
future
accomplishments.
The structure of
accomplishments
is with present

perfect
(have+
past
participle)
and
the
past
simple.
For the goals the
structure is with
future
perfect
(will have + past
participle)
or
would like to
have
+
past
participle
Examples:
I have managed
to
get
good
grades.
I hope I will have
seen more of the
world

I would like to
have made a
good start on my
career