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FET Compressor Manual
FET Compressor Manual
FET Compressor Manual
ALLPRODUCT ANDCOMPANYNAMESARETRADEMARKS OF
THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS. AMP ROOM IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF SOFTUBE AB,
SWEDEN. SOFTUBE IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF SOFTUBE AB, SWEDEN. ALL
SPECIFICATIONSSUBJECTTOCHANGEWITHOUTNOTICE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.
Table of Contents
ContactDetails..................................................................................4
Support.................................................................................................................4
InstallationandAuthorization.........................................................5
Introduction.......................................................................................6
UserInterface....................................................................................8
Input......................................................................................................................9
Ratio...................................................................................................................10
AttackandRelease............................................................................................11
InputandGainReductionVUmeters...............................................................12
Output.................................................................................................................13
OutputPeakMeter.............................................................................................13
DetectorControls...............................................................................................14
ParallelInject......................................................................................................18
StatusIndicators................................................................................................19
ControlsSummary..........................................................................20
TweakingTips.................................................................................21
MultiChannelOperation................................................................23
BlockDiagram.................................................................................24
SystemRequirements....................................................................25
AllVersions........................................................................................................25
NativeVersion(VST/AU/RTAS).......................................................................25
ProTools|HDVersion(TDM/VENUE)...............................................................26
Contact Details
If you would like to get in touch with Softube, please email info@softube.com.
Alternatively,youcouldusethephoneorsendanoldfashionedmail(doyouremember
envelopes,stampsandpaper?)to:
SoftubeAB
S:tLarsgatan10c
SE58224Linkping
Sweden
Web:www.softube.com
Email:info@softube.com
Phone:+4613211623(9am5pmCET)
Support
Onthe Softube website(www.softube.com)youwillfindanswersto commonquestions
(FAQ)andothertopicsthatmightinterestyou.
Supportquestionscanbepostedathttp://www.softube.com,wherewewillhelpyouasfast
aswecan!
youwillhaveto registeritinorderto
transferthelicensetoyouriLokaccount:
1.
andhavegottheconfirmationemail,the
licensewillalreadybedepositedinyouriLokaccount:
2.
MakesurethatyouhavethelatestiLokdriversinstalled.Theycanbefoundat
http://www.ilok.com.
3.
4.
Install the software from the CD, or download the latest version from
http://www.softube.com/installers.
SometimestheCDcontainsinstallersforallSoftubeproducts,butyouwillonlybeableto
runthose thatyouhaveacquired licensesfor. Insomecases,extra demo licensesare
includedwhenyoubuyaSoftubeproduct.
Introduction
THEFETCOMPRESSOR ISBASED ON
themostfamoushardwareFETcompressor,
andverymuchefforthasbeenspentmodelingtherealhardwaretomakesurethatthisone
soundsexactlythesame.Ifyouonlyusethebigknobsandthesixfixedratiosyou'llget
exactly the same analog sound and functionality as the real deal. But that's just the
beginning.Withthehelpofdigitaltechnologywehaveaddedsomeusefulfeaturesthatstill
havethatanaloguesoundbutfeaturesthatwould'vebeenhardorevenimpossibleto
implementwithanalogelectronics.Thatwayyouwillbeabletogetthebestoftwoworlds.
(NotevenmentioninghowridiculouslymanyFETCompressorsyouwillbeabletofitinto
yourprojectwithoutrunninglowonCPU.)
Notconvincedyet?SettheInputonM A X ,RatioonA L L . Listen.
Figure1:TheuserinterfaceoftheFETCompressorananalogsounding
compressorwithdigitalfeatures.
Design Philosophy
THEREARETHREEMAINIDEASBEHINDTHISDESIGN:
Firstofall,wewantedto
makeananalogsoundingdigitalcompressor.Nothingmuststandinthewayofthesound.
Everysinglepartofthesimulationcontributestomakingthispieceunique.Theextremely
fastattack, allthe subtle (andsometimesnotsosubtle)distortion that comesfrom the
differentpartsofthecompressorandtheextremelycarefulwaythesignalishandledand
conditionedthroughoutthesignalchain.
Second, we added features to make thisproduct even more versatile and unique. The
enhancedratio,parallelcompression,detectorfilteringandlookaheadaresuchfeatures.
Third,thesefeaturesmustnotstandinthewayoftheusability.Thefewerknobsthebetter,
andthefastertheusergetsthesoundtheywant,thebetter.
Thisboilsdowntoasinglemainobjective:Everyusershouldbeabletogetagoodsound
withinseconds,andnousershouldbeafraidtomessupthesound.Anamateurshouldbe
abletomakethissoundjustasgoodasapro.Andyeah,ithastolookgood.
Inordertoachievetheseobjectiveswehadtoputspecialeffortintothemodeling.The
originalhardwarehassomequitequirkycircuits,andalotofitssoundcomesfromfarfrom
idealcomponentsanddesign.Alotofnewideasweredevelopedduringthemodeling,and
withthehelpofourexpertlistenerandgoldenearsDanLumbye,wemanagedtoput
togetherapieceofsoftwarethatshouldpleaseeventhemostcriticalears.
Patents
This product is protected by patent SE525332 and patents/patent applications
US20040258250,EP1492081andJP2004183976.
User Interface
THE
CONTROLS
OF
the FET
Compressoraredividedintotwosections.
Firstofallwehavethebigknobs(Input,
Ratio, Attack, Release and Output),
which are the knobs that you will use
everytime youusethecompressor(top
rowintheillustrationontheright).These
knobs are pretty standard and you
probablyalreadyknowwhattheydo.
Then we have the small guys (middle
row), which don't have to be tweaked
everytimeyouusethecompressor.You
don'tevenhavetofeelbadifyounever
touch them. People have managed to
make hit records for 40 years without
Figure2:Top:Knobsandmetersusedunder
"normal"operation.Middle:Extrafunctionality
addedinthesoftwareversion.Bottom:Extra
metersaddedtothesoftwareversion.
Inadditiontothis,wealsoaddedsomemeteringsothatyoucanmonitoryoursignalallthe
time(bottomrow).AninputVUmeter(whichisfuntodriveintotheredsallthetime)anda
stereo outputpeakmeter makesure thatyou alwaysknow whatisgoing onwithyour
signal.
Input
TheInputknobonthiscompressorworksbothasagaincontrolandathresholdcontrol.If
youincreasethe Input volume youwillalsoincreasethegainreduction,whichmakesit
worksortoflikeacombinationofagainknobandareversedthresholdknob.Youcandrive
theI N P U T V U farintotheredswithoutanyunwanteddigitalclipping.Justmakesurethat
theO U T P U T P E A K meterdoesn'tindicateanyclipping.(Ifitdoes,justlowertheOutput
volumeabit.)
Figure3:TheInputknobandcorrespondinginputVU
meter.
Moreinputgainalsomeansmoredistortion(inagoodway).
Ratio
At a first glance, the Ratio knob on the
FETCompressorseemstoworkalittlebit
differentthanitshardwarecounterpart.The
biggestdifferenceisthattheRatioknobis
continuous, meaning that it's possible to
select settings between different fixed
ratios,forinstancebetween12:1and20:1.
Furthermore, it's also possible to select
Figure4:TheRatioknob.
settingsbetween20:1andthefamousAll
buttonsinsetting.
4 : 1 , 8 : 1 ,
andA L L ,justclickonthelabelstojumpdirectlyto
thosesettings(seeFigure5).
All Buttons In Mode
TheA L L modeisapeculiarityfoundonthistypeofcompressor.
Originallythedifferentratioswereselectedwithpushbuttons,
whichmadesomemixengineerstryoutwhathappensifyou
Figure5:Clickon
thelabelsto
immediatelygoto
afactorysetting.
pressallbuttonsatonce.Fromatechnicalperspective,pushing
allbuttonsatthesametimemakesallbiaslevelsgoberserk.Fromasoundperspective,
thismeansthatyouwillgetaverypumpingcompressionwithlotsofdistortion.Thismode
isoftencalledtheBritishmode.BysettingtheRatiosomewherebetween2 0 : 1 andA L L
you'llgetasoundthat'sdefinitelyuniqueforthisproduct.
10
Figure6:TheAttackandReleaseknobs.
Sinceafastattackandreleasetimeleadstoafastgainreduction,sometimes
those settings will cause unwanted clipping effects. To remove this
unwantedsideeffect,youcaneitherslowdownthereleasetimeoraddsome
lookaheadtothedetectorcircuit.(SeeLookahead).
11
Figure7:TheInputandGainReductionVUmetersarealsomodeledusing
physicalmodelingsotheywillalsoreactjustliketherealthing.
The InputVU meterisusedtomonitortheinputsignal.Ifastereosignalispresent,the
meterwilldisplaythemaximumenergyofbothsignals.Thismayseemlikeadrawback,but
sincethegainreductioncircuit(a.k.a.detectororsidechain)worksinmono,theVUwill
actuallydisplaythesamethingthedetectorsees.(Unlessyoustartfiddlingwiththesmall
knobs,butwe'renotthereyet.)
The Gain Reduction meter is used to monitor the amount of gain reduction in the
compressor.TheFETCompressorhasonlyonedetector,soifastereosignalispresent
thegainreductionwillbethesameforbothchannels.Thispreventsunwanteddistortionof
thestereoimage.
IftheRatioknobissetatA L L ,theGainReductionmeterwon'tshowthesameresultsas
theoriginalhardware.Insteaditwilldisplaytheactualgainreduction(whichtheoriginalunit
doesn't).YouwillalsonoticethattheGainReductionsometimesdisplaypositivevalues
whentheRatioissetatA L L ,whichiscorrect.The A L L modedoesindeedhavenegative
gainreduction(=positivegain)forsomesettings.
12
Output
In comparison to the Input knob, the Output knob doesn't do much more than just
adjusting the output volume. Keep a close look on the O U T P U T
PEAK
meter while
adjustingtheoutputvolumetoavoidunwanteddigitalclipping.Itisgoodpracticetokeep
thelevelsbelow0dB,evenifyouareusinga
(native)hostthatallowslevelabove0dB.On
TDM,the plugin willdigitallyclipall signals
above0dBontheoutput.
Figure8:Outputknobandoutput
meter.
Keeptheoutputlevelsbelow0dB!
13
Detector Controls
Themostimportantpartofanycompressoristhedetector.Itisthedetectorthatdecides
howthecompressorshouldcompress.AllcontrolsexcepttheOutput(andParallelInject)
controlthedetector,butinthispluginwehavechosentobundlethefouradvancedknobs
togetherandcallthemdetectorcontrols.
Commontoallthesecontrolsisthattheycanbeturnedoffbysettingtheminthe O F F
position.TheirstatusLEDwilllightupwhenevertheyareactive.
Figure9:Thefouradvanceddetectorknobs.
Don'tbeafraidtokeepthesecontrolsintheO F F position.Usethesecontrols
ifthereissomethingparticularthatyou'dliketoachieveorsomethingthat
needstobefixed.(Ifitain'tbroken,don'tfixit!)
14
Figure10:The
sidechainknob.
Use the External Side Chain knob to set the input volume of the external signal (for
instancethebassdrumtrack).Ahigherinputvolumewillleadtomoregainreduction,just
liketheInputknobworkswithoutanexternalsidechain.
MonitortheGainReductionVUMeterwhenyousettheleveloftheexternal
sidechain.JustincreasetheExternalSideChainuntilyougetenoughgain
reduction.
1)ExternalsidechainingmightalsoworkinsomeVSThosts.ItdependsverymuchonwhichVST
hostandversionyouareusing.Thepluginwilladdtwoextrainputs(inputs3and4)andregardstheseas
the externalside chain input.If yourhostacceptsthese fourinputs, the externalsidechain indicator
(Figure15)willlightup.
15
Figure11:TheLowandHighCut
knobs.
youforexamplecompressadrumkit,youmightwanttokeeptheboominessofthebass
drum,butcompressthecymbalsandsnare.Setthe LowCut to200300Hzsothatthe
bassdrumwillgetfilteredoutbeforeitreachesthedetector.
PleasekeepinmindthatLowCutandHighCutdon'talterthedirectsignal,justthesignal
thatentersthedetector.
16
Lookahead
TheLookaheadcanbeusedifthefastestattacktimeisn'tfast
enough,forinstanceifyouwanttoapplysomeheavylimitingto
asignal.The Lookahead willdelaythesignalpathoutsideof
the detector by up to 1 ms, leaving the detector signal
unaffected.Thishastwoeffects:
1.
2.
Figure12:The
Lookaheadknob.
Thedetectorwillseetheundelayedsignal,butreducethegainonthedelayed
signal.Thismeansthatthedetectorwillbeabletocompressthesignalbefore
theactualtransientcomes(sincetheactualtransienthasbeendelayed).
TheLookaheadtimecorrespondstothetotallatencyoftheplugin.Theplug
inwillnotreportthislatencytothehost,sincealmostnohostssupport
compensatingforadelaythatdependsonaparameter.
SomeveryfastAttack/Releasesettingswillcauseacracklingsoundontransients,often
soundinglikesomesortofdigitalclippingorsaturationsomewhereinthesignalchain.This
isverytypicalforthiskindofcompressor,butisusuallyanunwantedeffect.Thenormal
waytogetridofthissideeffectistoslowdowntheattackandreleasetimesbutnowyou
haveanothertooltouse.Byaddingalittlelookaheadtothedetector,manyoftheseside
effectscanbeavoided.
17
Parallel Inject
Parallel Compression is a technique where you blend the
compressedsignalwiththeoriginalsignal.Saythatyouhave
a heavily compressed drum track where all the transients
havebeenlost(compressed).Byaddingalittlebitofparallel
compression you can blend in the original signal (with the
original transients) with the highenergy compressed signal
(withouttransients)andthusgetthebestofbothworlds.
Figure13:Parallel
compressionisfun.
Thisisatechniquethatisveryeasytoachievewithasend
bus,butthisbabydoesalittlebitmorethanthat.Firstofall,youwon'tgetanyproblemwith
the Lookahead since the dry signal is delayed with the same delay time as the
compressedsignal.Thenthedrysignalwillbeaffectedbythesameanaloguemodeling
mojoasthecompressedone,whichmeansthatsomeofthedistortionandcoloringofthe
compressorwillalsohaveaaneffectonthedrysignal.Andatlast,theOutputPeakmeter
willofcourseshowthesumofthesesignals,sothatyoucansetaproperoutputlevel.
Wheneveryouchangethegainreduction(forexamplebychangingtheInput
volume)youwillneedtochangethe ParallelInjectsincethevolumeofthe
compressedsignalhaschanged.Butbecarefulsometimesthedrysignalis
muchlouderthanthecompressedsignal!
18
Status Indicators
TheFETCompressorcomeswithacoupleofhandystatuslabels,locatedintheVUmeter
section.
Remote (Pro Tools only)
Wheneverautomationisused,orifanexternalcontrol
surfaceisconnected,theRemotestatusindicatorwill
lightup.Theknobsthatarebeingcontrolledwillalso
getathinframearoundthem.
External
Thisindicatordisplayswhenanexternalsidechainis
present.Wheneveranexternalsidechainispresent,it
Figure14:Remoteislitupon
automationorexternalcontrol
surfaces.
ispossibletousetheExternalSideChainknobtoset
the amount of gain of the external signal to the
detector.
In TDM/RTAS it will light up whenever you have
connected a side chain bus to the plugin. This
indicatorwillalwaysbelitinhoststhatusetheAudio
Unit (AU) format. In VST, it will light up if the host
acceptssidechaininputs,butthisdoesn'tworkforall
Figure15:Externalisonly
usedinProToolsandStereo
isprettyselfexplanatory.
VSThosts...Soitgoes.
Stereo
TheStereoindicatorlightsupifthecompressorwasinstantiatedinstereomode.
19
Controls Summary
TheknobsarecontrolledbyeitherdraggingLeftRightorUpDown,orbyusingthemouse
wheel.
Mouse
Up/Down:Increase/Decreasethesettingofaknob/switch
Left/Right:Increase/Decreasethesettingofaknob/switch
Mousewheel(MacOSXonly):Increase/Decreasethesettingofa
knob/switch
Pointingoveralabelwillmakethecursorchangetoapointinghand
cursor.Clickingthelabelwillmaketheknobtoimmediatelymovetothe
correspondingposition.
Keyboard Commands
Usethesekeycommandswhilechangingaparameter.
FineAdjust:Command(Mac)orCtrl(Windows)
ResettoDefault:Alt
AutomationControlWindow(ProToolsonly):
Figure16:Top:
Clickanddrag
cursor.Bottom:
Labelclickcursor.
Ctrl+Command+Alt+click(Mac)orCtrl+Windows+Alt+click
(Windows)
ShowAutomationTrack(ProToolsonly):Ctrl+Command+click(Mac)or
Ctrl+Windows+click(Windows)
20
Tweaking Tips
Wedidn'twanttoincludetoomuchofthestandardthisishowacompressorworktheory,
butratherfocusonthepartsthatmakethispluginspecial.Hereareourfavoritetweaks.
I want distortion!
There are twotypes ofdistortion ina compressorlikethis,first we have the inputand
output stage distortion and second the (frequency dependent) distortion caused by the
compressing.Togetthefirsttypeofdistortion,justincreasetheInputuntilyougetenough
distortion.Youcanevenhave Ratio setto 1 : 1 (=nocompression).Theothertypeof
distortionisusuallycausedbyafastattackandreleasetime.IfyousetRatioonA L L and
ReleaseonF A S T ,you'llgetthefastestreleasetimepossible.TrytheDistortionpresets.
The compressor isn't fast enough
If you find that the Attack time isn't fast enough (doesn't squash all the transients),
increasetheLookaheaduntilyou'resatisfied.
The compressor is too fast
TheAttacktimesgetslowerifRatioissetonA L L ,soinordertogetalateattacksetRatio
onA L L .Ifyouwanttoincreasethetransientsbutcompresstherestofthesignal,usethe
allbuttonsinmode.TrytheTransientpresets.
It makes crackling sounds on the transients
Thisisbecauseoftheextremelyfastattacktime.FirstyoucanslowdowntheAttacktimes
sothatthegainreductionbecomesnotasabruptasitwas.Tocompensatefortheslower
Attacktime,increasetheLookahead.
All the energy and attack of each note disappears
Itisafastcompressorandchancesarethatitwillcompressfasttransients(yeah?).That's
21
whyweaddedtheParallelInject.ByincreasingtheParallelInjectyoucanblendinalittle
bitoftheoriginalsignal(withtheoriginaltransients).Trytobalanceitsothatyougetthe
transientsfromthedrypathandtherestofthesignalfromthecompressedpath.
All the energy and attack of each note disappears (pt. II)
Anothertrickyoucouldtry,ifyou'dliketorestoresomeofthetransientsistonarrowdown
thedetectorsfrequencybandsbyaddingsomeLowCutandHighCutfiltering.Itdoesn't
workonallprogrammaterial,butit'sworthatry.
I want some cool drum bus tricks
Ok,hereareourfavorites:
1.
Fat Bass Drum: Applyheavy compression on your drum bus. Increase the
LowCut knob untilthe bassdrumdoesn't triggerthe compressor(at about
200300Hz). In most cases, this will make the bass drum sound fatter and
loudercomparedtotherestofthekit.
2.
3.
SustainedDrumswithTransients:Applyheavy 2 0 : 1 compressionwithfast
releaseandattacktimes,blendinsometransientswithParallelInject.
Adding color
Finallyyoushouldn'tbeafraidofusingthisplugininthe 1 : 1 mode.Youwon'tgetany
compression,butitwillcolorthesound.Andthemeterslooknicetoo.
22
Multi-Channel Operation
FETCompressorsupportsthefollowingmultichannelmodes:
TheOutputPeakmeterswilldisplaythesamevaluesonbothmeters.
MONO:
STEREO:
TheLeftandRightchannelswillbeprocessedbythesamedetector,justas
ifyouhadthestereointerconnectthingyconnectedtotheoriginalhardware.
How the different modes are selected depends on your host software. In most hosts,
insertingtheFETCompressoronamonotrackwillmakeitusetheMonomode,andvice
versawithastereotrack.
23
Block Diagram
This is a block diagram over the FET Compressor functionality. Please note that this
illustrationdepictsthefunctionalityoftheplugintheinnerworkingsirequitedifferent.2
Figure17:BlockdiagramoftheFETCompressor.TheS I D E C H A I N I N P U T is
onlyactiveifthesidechainhasbeenactivatedbytheExternalSideChainknob,
regardlessofwhetherasidechainispresentornot.
2) The experienced reader will notice that some parts, like the feedback connection of the
compressor,havebeenomittedintheillustrationforthesakeofclarity.
24
System Requirements
PleasemakesurethatyouhavethelatestInterlokdriversinstalled!
All Versions
MacOS10.4(orhigher)onaG3orIntelCPU(orbetter),or
WindowsXP(orhigher)onaPIIICPU(orbetter)
44.1,48,88.2,96,176.4and192kHzsampleratesaresupported
MonoandStereomodesaresupported.SeeMultiChannelOperationformore
information
iLokUSBkeyandthelatestiLokdrivers(availablefromwww.ilok.com)
AnyVST,RTASorAudioUnitcompatiblehostapplication
Sinceexternalsidechainingisn'tofficiallysupportedbytheVSTpluginformat,thereisno
guaranteethatexternalsidechainingwillworkwithyourVSThost.
25
SystemmustmeetrequirementsforProTools|HDfromDigidesign
PT|HDCPUconsumption
Core
Accel
44.1/48kHz
<77%
<35%
88.2/96kHz
<58%
176.4/192kHz
<91%
26
27
FETCompressorwasmadeby:Oscarbergmodelingandimplementation.TorstenGatu
frameworkprogramming.NiklasOdelholmframeworkprogrammingandgraphicdesign.Arvid
Rosnframeworkprogramming.UlfEkelf3Drenderingandgraphics.DanLumbyesound
design.StefanFandnfeaturehunter.ThankstoLarsNygaardandAndersBechatCyberfarm
(DK)andPerkessonatCareOfSoundStudioforlettingususeandabusetheirequipment.
2008SoftubeAB,Sweden