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Ch5d Strengthening PDF
Ch5d Strengthening PDF
Hall-Petch Relation
y = i +
ky
D
d = (y-i)
Model 2
In general the dislocation density () is inversely proportional to the grain size (D) :
1
=D .
We know from Taylor equation relating the yield stress to the dislocation density,
k
.
y = i + Gb = i +
D
NE 409/509
page 1
Strengthening Mechanisms
(see notes pp.164-165)
Gb
y = l
Forest Dislocations (Taylor Eqn.)
y = i + Gb
Strain or Work Hardening
y = i + Gb o + Km
= o + Km ; m = 0.9 1
Precipitate Hardening
(small point precipitates) N=ppt density (/cc)
<l> =
1
3
so that y = Gb N )
y =
Gb
l
D
fv
In some cases, the ppts are sheared by the dislocation cutting through them.
Grain-Size Hardening
at low temp ( 0.4TM) - Hall-Petch relation smaller the grain size harder the material
ky
(valid at low temps.)
D
at high -temp (!!!) - GBS makes small grain sized materials weaker .
y = i +
NE 409/509
page 2