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Websters
Turkish English
Thesaurus Dictionary
Edited by
Professor Philip M. Parker, Ph.D.
Chaired Professor of Management Science
INSEAD (Singapore and Fontainebleau, France)
Websters
Turkish
English
Thesaurus Dictionary
ii
PROCEEDS BENEFIT
Websters Online Dictionary
(www.websters-online-dictionary.org)
EDITED BY
Philip M. Parker, Ph.D.
INSEAD (Fontainebleau & Singapore)
Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

7404 Trade St
San Diego, CA 92122 USA
Phone: (858) 635-9410
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This edition published by ICON Classics in 2008
Printed in the United States of America.
Websters Turkish English Thesaurus Dictionary
Copyright 2008 by ICON Group International, Inc.
Copyright 2008 by Philip M. Parker, INSEAD.
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a
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the Editor nor ICON Group International assume any responsibility for uses of this dictionary, and do not
warrant that the definitions or translations are accurate.
Net proceeds are used to improve Websters Online Dictionary, and the contents of this dictionary
have been extracted with permission from Websterss Online Dictionary, www.websters-onlinedictionary.org (Copyright Philip M. Parker, INSEAD).
ISBN 0-497-83744-7
Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)
iii
PREFACE
This is an English thesaurus designed for Turkish speakers who wish to better
understand the ambiguities and richness of the English language. The first
chapter is a full English thesaurus organized by 5050 Turkish subject words. For
each Turkish subject word, one or more corresponding English subject words
(translations) are provided. Synonyms are then given for the English translations
for all relevant parts of speech (even in cases where the Turkish subject word has
a unique part of speech). This process results in over 14665 English synonyms.
The second chapter gives an index of these English synonyms back to the
Turkish subject words (a potentially useful chapter to English speakers interested
in basic Turkish vocabulary). The third chapter has short vocabulary lists
organized by parts-of-speech. English teachers or students can use these
bilingual lists to create flash cards, basic lesson plans, and English as a Second
Language (ESL) study lists.
While creating an English thesaurus for Turkish speakers seems simple enough,
it can be tricky. Whats the problem? Translations do not always follow strict
transitivity. Normally, if a=b and b=c, then c=a. This is not necessarily true in
linguistics when b is an English word that has more than one part of speech. For
example, test is a verb, noun and adjective. What is the correct English
synonym for a (in Turkish) when b (in English) has synonyms (c) having
many parts of speech? Furthermore, what if a (in Turkish) is ambiguous and
has several translations into English (b)? This thesaurus embraces this
ambiguity by giving as much information to the reader as possible. This was
accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, maximum-likelihood English
translations of the Turkish subject words are given. For all the languages covered
in Websters Online Dictionary translations are determined using rather massive
content analyses of translations from various sources including translations of
United Nations documents, translations of the Holy Bible (and similar sources),
training manuals, popular works, and academic sources. An English translation
having the highest probability of being used is reported first, then the second
most probable is reported second, and so on.
iv
In the second phase, English synonyms for all parts of speech, including those
not related to the original Turkish subject, are given for each English translation
generated by the first phase. If an English entry is most used as a certain part of
speech (estimated based on an English language corpus), then English synonyms
for that part of speech are listed first. This indicates to the speaker of Turkish
how the English subject word is most used. Other parts of speech are listed based
on their frequency of usage in English. Within each part of speech, synonyms
most likely to be used in English are listed first. Readers who seek further
information on any of the words in this book, including translations to other
world languages, can freely refer to Websters Online Dictionary
(www.websters-online-dictionary.org).
The goal of Websters Online Dictionary is to give all people of the world free
access to a complete mapping of all known words to and from all written
languages. In fulfillment of this goal, Websters Online Dictionary
(www.websters-online-dictionary.org) also offers as much information as
possible for each word, including definitions, translations, images, trade name
usage, quotations, and encyclopedic knowledge. The proceeds generated by the
sale of this TurkishEnglish thesaurus dictionary as well as other books extracted
from the project will be used to augment the contents of the Websters Online
Dictionary.
This book may be the first Turkish-English thesaurus ever published. All the
errors and omissions are mine. I will certainly revise and improve this book at
some later date, so if you wish to see better editions published in the future,
please send any suggestions, corrections, or
translations to
webstersedits2@hotmail.com. Thank you for purchasing this book and
supporting Websters Online Dictionary.
Philip M. Parker, Ph.D., editor
Chair Professor of Management Science
INSEAD (Singapore & Fontainebleau, France)
CONTENTS
TURKISH TO ENGLISH THESAURUS ............................................................ 1
A................................................................................................................................... 1
................................................................................................................................. 44
B ................................................................................................................................. 44
C................................................................................................................................. 85
................................................................................................................................. 91
D............................................................................................................................... 107
E ............................................................................................................................... 148
F ............................................................................................................................... 167
G............................................................................................................................... 175
H .............................................................................................................................. 201
I ................................................................................................................................ 222
................................................................................................................................. 246
................................................................................................................................ 248
J ................................................................................................................................ 248
K............................................................................................................................... 248
L ............................................................................................................................... 305
M .............................................................................................................................. 308
N .............................................................................................................................. 330
O............................................................................................................................... 339
............................................................................................................................... 348
P ............................................................................................................................... 359
R ............................................................................................................................... 371
S................................................................................................................................ 378
................................................................................................................................ 422
T ............................................................................................................................... 430
U............................................................................................................................... 464
............................................................................................................................... 474
V............................................................................................................................... 478
Y ............................................................................................................................... 485
............................................................................................................................... 516
Z ............................................................................................................................... 516
INDEX OF ENGLISH SUBJECTS TO TURKISH SUBJECTS ............................ 525

vi
Contents
A............................................................................................................................... 525
B ............................................................................................................................... 530
C............................................................................................................................... 534
D............................................................................................................................... 542
E ............................................................................................................................... 546
F ............................................................................................................................... 550
G............................................................................................................................... 554
H .............................................................................................................................. 556
I ................................................................................................................................ 558
J ................................................................................................................................ 561
K............................................................................................................................... 562
L ............................................................................................................................... 562
M .............................................................................................................................. 565
N .............................................................................................................................. 568
O............................................................................................................................... 569
P ............................................................................................................................... 571
Q............................................................................................................................... 577
R ............................................................................................................................... 577
S................................................................................................................................ 582
T ............................................................................................................................... 592
U............................................................................................................................... 596
V............................................................................................................................... 597
W.............................................................................................................................. 598
Y ............................................................................................................................... 600
Z ............................................................................................................................... 600
VOCABULARY STUDY LISTS .................................................................... 601

Verbs (Turkish - English)...................................................................................... 601
Verbs (English - Turkish)...................................................................................... 603
Nouns (Turkish - English) .................................................................................... 605
Nouns (English - Turkish) .................................................................................... 626
Adverbs (Turkish - English)................................................................................. 637
Adverbs (English - Turkish)................................................................................. 638
Adjectives (Turkish - English).............................................................................. 638
Adjectives (English - Turkish).............................................................................. 646
Turkish to English
Thesaurus
A
abes 1. absurd (anlamsz, sama); synonyms (adj)
foolish, preposterous, ridiculous, unreasonable,
irrational, crazy, derisory, illogical, incredible,
inept, ludicrous, meaningless, nonsensical,
outrageous, senseless; antonym (adj) sensible, 2.
useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless,
unnecessary, needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless,
worthless, idle, barren, superfluous, bootless,
incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj)
useful, helpful, competent, effective, convenient,
necessary, valuable.
abide 1. monument (ant); synonyms (n) memorial,
headstone, column, record, tombstone, shrine, slab,
tablet, landmark, statue, (adj) obelisk, pillar, 2.
memorial (ant); synonyms (n) commemoration,
remembrance, memento, cenotaph, monument,
epitaph, memory, token, (adj) commemorative.
abla sister (hemire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse,
brother, mate, twin, baby, counterpart, double,
match, member, pair, pendant, sis.
abluka investment (yatrm); synonyms (n)
investing, investiture, clothing, siege, finance,
venture, backing, obsession, property, installation,
outlay, capital, covering, accession, assets.
abone subscription; synonyms (n) contribution,
donation, offering, gift, pledge, enrollment,
obedience, submission, (v) allowance, subsidy,
subvention.
Abonelik subscription; synonyms (n) contribution,
donation, offering, gift, pledge, enrollment,
obedience, submission, (v) allowance, subsidy,
subvention.
a 1. hungry; synonyms (adj) avid, eager, esurient,
famished, greedy, ravenous, starving, desirous,
meager, starveling, barren, keen, peckish, (v)
craving, (adv) empty; antonyms (adj) full, sated,
satiated, 2. open (ak, amak); synonyms (adj)
frank, obvious, artless, exposed, free, honest, bare,
forthright, guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand,
give, (n) candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious,
secretive, concealed, furtive, hidden, limited,
repressive, reserved, restricted, secret, blocked,
cautious, (v) shut, end, (tr v) close, 3. empty (bo,
boaltmak); synonyms (adj) discharge, hollow,
destitute, blank, abandoned, deserted, vain, airy, (v)
drain, deplete, desolate, pour, spill, void, devoid;
antonyms (adj) crowded, meaningful, packed,

brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming,
cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill.
acayip 1. peculiar; synonyms (adj) individual, odd,
particular, exceptional, different, anomalous,
characteristic, curious, eccentric, extraordinary,
abnormal, distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic;
antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical, 2.
curious; synonyms (adj) funny, interested, peculiar,
strange, unusual, inquiring, inquisitive, quaint,
queer, quizzical, remarkable, singular, weird,
whimsical, interesting; antonym (adj) incurious, 3.
odd (tek); synonyms (adj) grotesque, droll, chance,
novel, irregular, laughable, erratic, unaccountable,
casual, crazy, fanciful, atypical, comical, leftover,
occasional; antonym (adj) even, 4. weird;
synonyms (adj) supernatural, uncanny, unearthly,
eerie, mysterious, ghostly, outlandish, mystic,
uncommon, creepy, eldritch, macabre, spooky, (n)
destiny; antonym (adj) real, 5. bizarre; synonyms
(adj) freakish, outre, striking, exotic, extravagant,
freaky, incredible, offbeat, rum, unconventional,
unnatural, ludicrous, ridiculous, 6. funny;
synonyms (adj) amusing, facetious, fishy, diverting,
comic, entertaining, farcical, humorous, suspicious,
absurd, amusive, hilarious, jocose, (adv) funnily, (n)
jest; antonyms (adj) serious, grave, 7. fantastic;
synonyms (adj) antic, marvelous, terrific, wonderful,
capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, great,
illusory, imaginary, phenomenal, romantic,
spectacular, (v) fancy; antonym (adj) awful, 8.
strange; synonyms (adj) extraneous, foreign, new,
rare, alien, unfamiliar, unknown, inexplicable,
astonishing, monstrous, uncouth, obscure,
preternatural, miraculous, incomprehensible;
antonym (adj) familiar.
acele 1. hurried; synonyms (adj) hasty, fast, headlong,
quick, rapid, speedy, sudden, swift, abrupt,
cursory, careless, precipitate, prompt, rash,
slapdash; antonyms (adj) slow, unhurried, leisurely,
2. hurry; synonyms (n) speed, haste, dispatch,
flurry, (v) bustle, hasten, accelerate, dash, expedite,
scurry, fly, run, rush, zip, hie; antonyms (n)
slowness, (v) dawdle, 3. expedition; synonyms (n)
excursion, journey, travel, celerity, exploration,
outing, quest, readiness, tour, trip, acceleration,
alacrity, (v) campaign, crusade, attack, 4. rush;
synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, (v) gush,
race, dart, stream, quicken, jet, flush, hurtle,
plunge, (adj) burst, spurt, 5. urgency; synonyms (n)
pressure, necessity, press, insistence, stress,
exigency, instancy, compulsion, importance,
emergency, need, importunity, essentiality, gravity,
indispensability, 6. pressing (acil); synonyms (v)
exigent, importunate, important, (adj) imperative,
immediate, critical, imperious, instant, insistent,
burning, serious, grave, earnest, (n) urgent, dishing.
Turkish - English
acemi 1. inexperienced; synonyms (adj) immature,

naive, young, callow, raw, ignorant, new,
unsophisticated, unexperienced, clumsy, strange,
amateurish, awkward, inexpert, (v) green;
antonyms (adj) experienced, trained, skilled,
sophisticated, 2. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude,
fresh, bleak, coarse, cutting, piercing, sore, cold,
biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked,
keen, bitter; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked, 3.
fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean,
novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, cool,
forward, pure, smart, sweet; antonyms (adj) old,
stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy,
musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry,
sweltering.
acenta agent (ajan); synonyms (n) agency, broker,
deputy, medium, factor, instrument, mediator,
ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer,
envoy, intermediary, (v) actor.
acente 1. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency,
broker, deputy, medium, factor, instrument,
mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate,
doer, envoy, intermediary, (v) actor, 2. agency;
synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission,
expedient, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity,
board, department, (v) action, act, deed.
acentelik agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office,
authority, commission, expedient, factor,
instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity,
board, (v) action, act.
ac 1. bitter (keskin, iddetli); synonyms (adj)
acrimonious, biting, acrid, sharp, acerbic, acid,
caustic, keen, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent,
acerb, cutting, (n) acerbity; antonyms (adj) mild,
sweet, charitable, hot, kind, sugary, 2. distress;
synonyms (n) agony, anguish, pain, trouble,
anxiety, calamity, difficulty, grief, hurt, torture, (v)
afflict, torment, concern, bother, upset; antonyms
(v) comfort, please, 3. grief (keder); synonyms (n)
affliction, dolor, distress, regret, wound, chagrin,
pity, bitterness, dejection, desolation, gloom,
heartbreak, melancholy, misery, (adj) sore;
antonyms (n) joy, happiness, 4. sorrow; synonyms
(n) mourning, sadness, contrition, heartache,
penitence, remorse, repentance, hardship,
compunction, bereavement, evil, depression, (v)
mourn, lament, grieve; antonym (n) delight, 5.
pain (ar); synonyms (n) ache, ill, nuisance,
harass, annoyance, discomfort, plague, bite, cramp,
hurting, (v) agonize, inconvenience, annoy, injure,
ail; antonym (n) pleasure, 6. hot (scak);
synonyms (adj) warm, ardent, boiling, burning,
feverish, fiery, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager,
enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy;
antonyms (adj) cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland,
chilly, 7. suffering; synonyms (n) ordeal, sorrow,
adversity, injury, misfortune, sufferance, trial,
damage, passion, endurance, penance, privation,

tribulation, (adj) miserable, tormented; antonym (n)
content.
a angle; synonyms (n) hook, incline, view, aspect,
cant, corner, outlook, perspective, pitch, position,
viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish.
ak 1. open (amak); synonyms (adj) frank, obvious,
artless, exposed, free, honest, bare, forthright,
guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand, give, (n)
candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious, secretive,
concealed, furtive, hidden, limited, repressive,
reserved, restricted, secret, blocked, cautious, (v)
shut, end, (tr v) close, 2. explicit; synonyms (adj)
distinct, unmistakable, broad, definite, direct, exact,
lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous, emphatic,
transparent, express, plain, precise; antonyms (adj)
vague, tacit, understood, unspoken, implicit, bland,
3. shortage; synonyms (n) dearth, defect,
deficiency, lack, paucity, deficit, famine,
insufficiency, need, poverty, scantiness, scarcity,
shortfall, want, deprivation; antonyms (n)
abundance, excess, overabundance, surplus,
affluence, glut, 4. clear (belirgin, berrak, temiz,
temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open,
apparent, empty, light, pure, (v) bright, acquit,
absolute, net, absolve, clarify, discharge, exculpate;
antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark,
fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain,
ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, dull, (v)
convict, 5. free (bedava, bo, zgr, serbest,
serbest brakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, liberal,
bountiful, autonomous, (v) exempt, liberate, excuse,
extricate, relieve, disentangle, deliver, disengage,
ease, release, voluntary; antonyms (adj) bound,
compelled, confined, imprisoned, secure, strict,
stuck, tangled, attached, busy, dependent, (v)
confine, block, cage, condemn, 6. light (hafif,
k); synonyms (adj) fair, facile, easy, faint, flimsy,
(n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle,
inflame, glow, ignite, dismount, illuminate;
antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) darkness,
gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp)
heavy, 7. plain (dz); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
comprehensible, intelligible, downright, evident,
homely, humble, level, simple, overt, outspoken,
even, explicit, natural, (n) flat; antonyms (adj)
elaborate, fancy, mottled, multicolored, ornate,
attractive, fussy, two-colored, 8. distinct (ayr);
synonyms (adj) articulate, different, discrete,
distinctive, palpable, decided, dissimilar, marked,
tangible, clear-cut, audible, conspicuous, diverse,
(prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct,
similar, inaudible, shapeless, 9. express;
synonyms (v) exhibit, convey, declare, demonstrate,
display, mean, say, state, tell, breathe, (adj) especial,
speedy, specific, categorical, (n) denote; antonyms
(v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow, 10. apparent;
Turkish - English
synonyms (adj) discernible, patent, ostensible,
perceptible, noticeable, outward, specious,
superficial, external, surface, alleged, appreciable,
presumable, presumptive, (adv) visible; antonyms
(adj) real, mysterious, 11. blank (bo, boluk);
synonyms (adj) unfilled, vacant, deadpan,
expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, negative,
straight, vacuous, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap,
hiatus, lacuna; antonyms (adj) animated, full,
expressive, 12. on (stnde); synonyms (prep) at,
about, concerning, in, by, into, upon, for, above,
(adv) forth, ahead, (adj) forward, aboard, (prf) along,
against; antonym (adv) off, 13. deficit; synonyms
(n) failure, shortage, arrears, absence, 14. vacant
(bo); synonyms (adj) blank, hollow, devoid, idle,
unoccupied, void, deserted, inane, available,
listless, desolate, disengaged, unemployed,
abandoned, (v) destitute; antonym (adj) occupied,
15. straightforward; synonyms (adj) square,
sincere, aboveboard, immediate, outright,
unsophisticated, upright, unequivocal, bluff,
round, elementary, truthful, blunt, unaffected,
uncomplicated; antonyms (adj) complicated,
difficult, complex, deceitful, tricky, pompous, 16.
frank; synonyms (adj) hearty, straightforward,
genuine, naive, heartfelt, innocent, plainspoken,
unfeigned, unreserved, unvarnished, veracious,
communicative, unguarded, (n) frankfurter;
antonyms (adj) dishonest, guarded, 17. evident
(besbelli); synonyms (adj) observable, bold,
demonstrable, notable, prominent, pronounced,
glaring, indisputable, indubitable, luminous,
undeniable, understandable, (adv) apparently;
antonyms (adj) unnoticed, inconspicuous, 18.
broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample,
comprehensive, extensive, general, large,
sweeping, vast, big, blanket, capacious, deep,
inclusive, spacious, (n) female; antonyms (adj)
narrow, thin, 19. fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms
(adj) equitable, beautiful, average, dispassionate,
fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, comely,
considerable, decent, disinterested, (n) bazaar,
blonde, carnival; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased,
exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced,
mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 20. fine
(gzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate,
agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant, excellent,
nice, delightful, acute, admirable, alright, (n)
penalty, amercement, (v) punish; antonyms (adj)
poor, thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory.
aka 1. clearly; synonyms (adv) apparently,
decidedly, distinctly, evidently, clear, definitely,
explicitly, simply, specifically, understandably,
intelligibly, surely, certainly, easily, absolutely;
antonyms (adv) indistinctly, vaguely, blurrily,
imperceptibly, obscurely, unclearly, doubtfully,
imperfectly, softly, 2. frankly; synonyms (adv)
candidly, aboveboard, bluntly, directly, honestly,

openly, sincerely, plainly, straight,
straightforwardly, truthfully, (adj) freely; antonyms
(adv) dishonestly, hesitantly, 3. openly (alenen);
synonyms (adv) frankly, publicly, clearly,
ingenuously, obviously, overtly, patently,
publically, artlessly, barefacedly, boldly, (adj)
manifestly; antonyms (adv) secretly, clandestinely,
furtively, mysteriously, secretively, ambiguously,
covertly, reticently, 4. distinctly; synonyms (adv)
particularly, expressly, noticeably, 5. evidently;
synonyms (adv) palpably, markedly, plain, visibly,
6. obviously; synonyms (adv) naturally,
unambiguously, unmistakably; antonyms (adv)
unnoticeably, undetectably, 7. expressly;
synonyms (adv) specially, especially, purposely,
precisely, namely, 8. plainly; synonyms (adv)
merely, outright, flatly, lucidly, severely, coarsely,
inelegantly, literally, only; antonym (adv)
elaborately.
akas frankly; synonyms (adv) candidly,
aboveboard, bluntly, directly, honestly, openly,
sincerely, plainly, simply, straight,
straightforwardly, truthfully, (adj) freely; antonyms
(adv) dishonestly, hesitantly.
akgz 1. smart; synonyms (adj) bright, crafty,
dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic,
clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp;
antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby,
unkempt, slow, 2. alert (uyarmak); synonyms
(adj) active, agile, aware, lively, vigilant, alive,
animated, attentive, brisk, careful, cautious, (v)
awake, caution, (n) alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj)
drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, sleepy,
tired, asleep, unalert, unconscious, 3. sharp
(keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, acid,
acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing,
pointed, pungent, severe, alert, (n) keen, (v) biting;
antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded,
sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth.
Aiklama explanation (aklama); synonyms (n)
account, annotation, commentary, definition,
description, exposition, excuse, gloss,
interpretation, justification, solution, key, answer,
caption, apology; antonym (n) mystery.
aklama 1. explanation; synonyms (n) account,
annotation, commentary, definition, description,
exposition, excuse, gloss, interpretation,
justification, solution, key, answer, caption,
apology; antonym (n) mystery, 2. account
(hesap); synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning,
regard, score, tale, explanation, history, narration,
reason, recital, story, tab, tally, (v) report, 3.
comment (Yorum); synonyms (n) critique, note,
censure, criticism, mention, observation, reflection,
animadversion, feature, gossip, (v) annotate,
remark, notice, discourse, expound, 4.
Turkish - English
interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version,
construction, clarification, illustration, interpreting,

translation, analysis, performance, reading,
understanding, explication, evaluation, meaning,
paraphrase, rendering, 5. commentary;
synonyms (n) comment, article, footnote, review, 6.
remark; synonyms (n) mind, heed, observance,
word, declaration, statement, quip, (v) observe,
perceive, mark, discern, see, detect, (adj) look,
attend, 7. statement; synonyms (n) affirmation,
announcement, communication, instruction,
assertion, command, proposition, enunciation,
profession, argument, avowal, expression,
pronouncement, bulletin, record; antonym (n)
denial.
aklamak 1. explain; synonyms (v) comment,
elucidate, interpret, account, clarify, decipher,
define, describe, enlighten, excuse, explicate,
expound, gloss, solve, denote; antonym (v) confuse,
2. clarify; synonyms (v) clear, clean, elaborate,
explain, purge, defecate, illuminate, refine, show,
brighten, cleanse, illustrate, (adj) edulcorate,
elutriate, expurgate; antonyms (v) obscure,
complicate, blur, obfuscate, 3. evidence (kant);
synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data,
argument, attestation, demonstration, sign,
testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest,
certify, manifest, 4. state (devlet, durum,
eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say,
country, kingdom, place, (v) declare, express,
mention, affirm, allege, announce, articulate, assert,
(adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 5.
reveal; synonyms (v) disclose, divulge, expose,
betray, convey, detect, discover, exhibit, impart,
present, communicate, indicate, uncover, proclaim,
find; antonyms (v) conceal, hide, cover.
ackl 1. sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal,
distressing, gloomy, miserable, mournful, pitiable,
pitiful, bad, bleak, dejected, deplorable, depressed,
depressing, disconsolate; antonyms (adj) happy,
cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed, 2.
moving (dokunakl); synonyms (adj) active,
affecting, emotional, exciting, impressive, mobile,
poignant, touching, inspiring, movable, imposing,
(n) movement, transport, advance, transfer;
antonyms (adj) motionless, still, stationary,
unemotional, 3. pathetic; synonyms (adj) sad,
wretched, forlorn, lamentable, tragic, piteous, poor,
woeful, grievous, moving, abject, measly, plaintive,
sorry, contemptible, 4. depressing; synonyms (adj)
cheerless, dark, oppressive, blue, desolate, grim,
black, chill, depressive, discouraging, dispiriting,
dour, drab, dull, glum; antonyms (adj) heartening,
bright, 5. touching; synonyms (adj) pathetic,
adjacent, adjoining, contiguous, near, expressive,
heartbreaking, next, sentimental, tender, (prep)
concerning, about, (n) touch, contact, 6. tragic;
synonyms (adj) calamitous, disastrous, dreadful,

catastrophic, unlucky, tragical, unfortunate, comic,
histrionic, scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing,
humorous.
aklk 1. gap (aralk, boluk); synonyms (n) break,
cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm,
clearance, difference, fracture, opening, vacancy,
blank, chink, (v) breach, 2. evidence (kant);
synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data,
argument, attestation, demonstration, sign,
certify, manifest, 3. clarity; synonyms (n)
clearness, limpidity, comprehensibility, precision,
purity, coherence, lucidity, pellucidity, simplicity;
antonyms (n) cloudiness, obscurity, vagueness,
haziness, mistiness, opacity, uncertainty,
unclearness.
ackmak hunger; synonyms (n) desire, thirst,
appetite, craving, wish, itch, eagerness, famine,
longing, starvation, (v) crave, want, ache, long, lust;
antonym (n) moderation.
acil 1. urgent; synonyms (adj) pressing, importunate,
imperative, instant, immediate, quick, earnest,
critical, serious, vital, hasty, insistent, compelling,
(v) important, clamorous; antonym (adj) trivial, 2.
pressing; synonyms (v) exigent, anxious, (adj)
imperious, burning, grave, crucial, (n) urgent,
dishing, press, pressure, prestretching, 3.
immediate; synonyms (adj) close, prompt, direct,
sudden, near, present, expeditious, fast, proximate,
speedy, express, adjacent, firsthand, nearby,
adjoining; antonyms (adj) slow, gradual,
consecutive, deliberate.
aclk 1. bitterness; synonyms (n) acerbity, acrimony,
animosity, gall, malice, resentment, acidity,
asperity, bitter, enmity, hatred, hostility, rancor,
sharpness, affliction; antonym (n) sweetness, 2.
bite (srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat,
morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat,
erode, gnaw, hurt, munch.
al opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture,
break, beginning, cleft, commencement, crack,
door, entrance, hole, occasion, chasm, onset, (adj)
preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale,
(adj) final.
almak 1. open (ak, amak); synonyms (adj)
frank, obvious, artless, exposed, free, honest, bare,
forthright, guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand,
give, (n) candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious,
secretive, concealed, furtive, hidden, limited,
repressive, reserved, restricted, secret, blocked,
cautious, (v) shut, end, (tr v) close, 2. expand
(bytmek, genilemek, geniletmek);

synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden,
develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend,
inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate;
antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate,
Turkish - English
decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize,
narrow, 3. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v)
scatter, reach, disperse, broadcast, circulate,
diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch,
deploy, distribute, (n) span, dissemination, expanse;
antonym (adj) concentrated.
acma 1. compassion; synonyms (n) pity, clemency,
mercy, charity, commiseration, sympathy,
forgiveness, remorse, tenderness, benevolence,
condolence, consideration, feeling, grace, (adj)
kindness; antonyms (n) cruelty, indifference, 2.
pity (acmak); synonyms (n) compassion, pathos,
shame, comfort, sorrow, heart, (v) commiserate,
compassionate, sympathize, condole, misery;
antonym (n) blame, 3. mercy; synonyms (n) favor,
humanity, leniency, pardon, forbearance,
mercifulness, quarter, lenience, indulgence, lenity,
tolerance, gentleness, 4. sympathy; synonyms (n)
rapport, understanding, agreement, affection,
compatibility, empathy, warmth, support, affinity,
concern, consolation, goodwill, (adj) cordiality,
benignity, fraternization.
acmak 1. pity; synonyms (n) compassion,
commiseration, mercy, condolence, clemency,
pathos, remorse, shame, sympathy, comfort,
feeling, benevolence, (v) commiserate,
compassionate, sympathize; antonym (n) blame, 2.
hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict, injure, ail,
cost, (adj) evil, (n) harm, damage, detriment, ache,
disadvantage, abuse, distress, lesion; antonyms (v)
encourage, (adj) uninjured, unhurt, 3. smart
(akgz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper,
quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever,
intelligent, jaunty, lively, (n) sharp, (v) hurt;
unkempt, slow.
acmasz 1. cruel (gaddar); synonyms (adj)
barbarous, brutal, hard, harsh, heartless, unkind,
bitter, bloody, atrocious, biting, fierce, inhuman,
merciless, ruthless, savage; antonyms (adj) gentle,
kind, merciful, humane, liberal, sympathetic, 2.
brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly, barbaric, bestial,
cruel, truculent, vicious, barbarian, boarish,
rugged, tough, ferocious, oppressive, pitiless,
rigorous, violent, 3. grim; synonyms (adj) dreadful,
austere, cheerless, dark, dour, dreary, forbidding,
ghastly, glum, dire, awful, bleak, depressing,
dismal, fearful; antonyms (adj) cheerful, bright, 4.
ruthless; synonyms (adj) remorseless, grim,
inexorable, relentless, unsparing, unfeeling,
unmerciful, unpitying, unrelenting, unyielding,
implacable, unscrupulous, stern, callous,
hardhearted; antonym (adj) charitable.
a opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture,

(adj) final.
actmak hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict,

injure, ail, cost, (adj) evil, (n) harm, damage,
detriment, ache, disadvantage, abuse, distress,
lesion; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) uninjured,
unhurt.
acyan sore; synonyms (adj) painful, sensitive, angry,
raw, indignant, aching, (n) injury, boil, cut, lesion,
canker, abscess, (v) hurt, acute, sharp; antonym (adj)
painless.
aciz 1. helpless; synonyms (adj) forlorn, powerless,
defenseless, weak, disabled, feeble, hopeless,
impotent, unable, incompetent, vulnerable, (n) frail,
(v) destitute, abandoned, 2. unable; synonyms (adj)
incapable, ineffective, helpless, ineffectual,
inefficient, inadequate, unqualified, unfit,
disqualified; antonyms (adj) able, capable.
alk hunger; synonyms (n) desire, thirst, appetite,
craving, wish, itch, eagerness, famine, longing,
starvation, (v) crave, want, ache, long, lust;
ama opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture,
(adj) final.
amak 1. open (ak); synonyms (adj) frank, obvious,
artless, exposed, free, honest, bare, forthright,
guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand, give, (n)
candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious, secretive,
concealed, furtive, hidden, limited, repressive,
reserved, restricted, secret, blocked, cautious, (v)
shut, end, (tr v) close, 2. clear (ak, belirgin,
berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj)
clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v)
bright, acquit, absolute, net, absolve, clarify,
definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj)
cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy,
incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague,
ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict,
3. expand (bytmek, genilemek,

geniletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge,
balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize,
augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat,
elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract,
shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce,
shrink, summarize, narrow, 4. spread (yaymak);
synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, broadcast,
circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate,
stretch, deploy, distribute, (n) span, dissemination,
expanse; antonym (adj) concentrated.
amaz dilemma (ikilem); synonyms (n) quandary,
corner, fix, jam, mess, predicament, problem, crisis,
difficulty, plight, doubt, scrape, riddle, (adj)
embarrassment, perplexity.
Turkish - English
ad 1. name (isim); synonyms (n) call, title, epithet,
adama dedication; synonyms (n) consecration,
address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize, describe,

cite, designate, entitle, enumerate, identify, list,
mention, 2. reputation; synonyms (n) fame, name,
prestige, distinction, honor, face, celebrity,
character, credit, report, notoriety, prominence,
repute, (v) esteem, (adj) renown, 3. noun (isim);
synonyms (v) expression, term, 4. substantive;
synonyms (adj) real, essential, meaty, significant,
material, actual, strong, crucial, hearty,
indispensable, satisfying, solid, (n) noun,
substantial, reality.
ada 1. island; synonyms (n) reef, aisle, egg, inch, (v)
isle, insulate, isolate, segregate, sequester, separate,
2. isle; synonyms (n) islet, ile.
adak offering; synonyms (v) gift, grant, favor,
benefaction, boon, (n) contribution, donation,
oblation, offer, present, presentation, endowment,
bestowal, gratuity, reward.
adale muscle (kas); synonyms (n) brawn, potency,
sinew, might, power, strength, force, energy, flesh,
beef, physique, musculus, tendon, (adj) nerve,
stamina.
adaleli muscular; synonyms (adj) athletic, brawny,
strong, burly, hefty, powerful, robust, husky,
stalwart, stout, sturdy, manly, cogent, hardy,
rugged; antonyms (adj) puny, slight.
adalet 1. equity; synonyms (n) fairness, honesty,
candor, reasonableness, uprightness, justness,
probity, right, righteousness, law, (adj) justice,
integrity; antonym (n) unfairness, 2. justice;
synonyms (n) equity, impartiality, judge, judicature,
jurist, morality, correctness, court, umpire,
magistrate, propriety, rectitude, faithfulness, (adj)
just, principle; antonym (n) injustice.
adaletsizlik injustice; synonyms (n) inequity,
iniquity, evil, unfairness, wrong, bigotry, crime,
grievance, inequality, oppression, prejudice,
wickedness, (adj) injury, harm, damage; antonyms
(n) justice, evenhandedness, fairness.
adam 1. man (erkek, insan); synonyms (n) fellow,
gentleman, guy, person, husband, homo, human,
humanity, humankind, humans, individual,
mankind, mortal, (obj) he, male; antonym (n)
woman, 2. guy; synonyms (n) boy, lad, cat, man,
bozo, hombre, rope, tether, band, (v) rib,
blackguard, 3. fellow; synonyms (adj) comrade, (n)
companion, associate, equal, brother, chap,
colleague, compeer, peer, buddy, dude, dog,
counterpart, escort, (v) concomitant, 4. chap;
synonyms (n) blighter, crack, cranny, crevice, beau,
scissure, chink, cleft, cuss, fella, feller, fissure, gent,
wight, blade, 5. bloke; synonym (n) geezer, 6.
person (kii, ahs); synonyms (n) being, body,
character, creature, soul, life, form, organism,
personality, somebody, someone, substance, thing,
partner, (v) party; antonym (n) automaton.
allegiance, commitment, devotion, inscription,

loyalty, fidelity, sanctification, fanaticism, passion,
(adj) glorification; antonym (n) indifference.
adamakll 1. greatly; synonyms (adv) badly,
considerably, exceedingly, too, awfully,
enormously, exceptionally, extremely, very, well,
dearly, abundantly, (adj) far, deeply, much;
antonym (adv) slightly, 2. thoroughly; synonyms
(adv) completely, entirely, fully, absolutely,
carefully, exhaustively, soundly, totally, wholly,
quite, altogether, exactly, perfectly, utterly, (v)
adequately; antonyms (adv) carelessly, superficially.
adaptasyon adaptation (uyarlama); synonyms (n)
accommodation, adjustment, alteration, version,
reworking, adaption, conversion, fitness,
modification, variation.
aday 1. candidate; synonyms (n) applicant, aspirant,
contestant, contender, hopeful, nominee, prospect,
suitor, amateur, campaigner, 2. applicant;
synonyms (n) petitioner, candidate, applier,
solicitor.
adet 1. item (kalem, madde, para); synonyms (n)
piece, detail, article, entry, object, point, subject,
thing, affair, event, clause, component, entity, fact,
(adv) also, 2. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n)
tradition, habit, convention, practice, usage, use,
fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite,
ritual, (v) accustom, (adj) bespoke, 3. number
(numara, numaralamak, rakam, say,

saymak); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act,
issue, volume, character, (v) calculate, aggregate,
enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account, 4.
period (devir, dnem, nokta); synonyms (n)
age, dot, epoch, era, duration, generation, day,
conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation,
stage, time, mark, 5. use (kullanma,
kullanmak); synonyms (n) custom, benefit,
application, function, (v) exercise, employ,
employment, expend, profit, advantage, exploit,
occupy, operate, spend, exert; antonym (v)
conserve.
adeta 1. almost (hemen hemen, neredeyse);

synonyms (adv) nearly, approximately, just, around,
most, practically, roughly, virtually, some, (prep)
about, (adj) near, nigh, approaching, approximate,
barely, 2. nearly (hemen hemen); synonyms
(adv) almost, close, closely, intimately, much, dear,
halfway, (adj) thereabouts.
adi 1. common (ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, accustomed,
base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public,
trivial, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual,
uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off,
specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive,
extraordinary, infrequent, 2. ordinary; synonyms
(adj) middling, average, familiar, commonplace,
Turkish - English
everyday, normal, banal, conventional, frequent,
indifferent, inferior, (n) common, customary, (v)
general, inconspicuous; antonyms (adj) incredible,
outstanding, peculiar, strange, special,
distinguished, famous, 3. mean (demek
istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design,
imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, hateful,
medium, miserly, abject, beggarly, close,
despicable, (n) contemptible, low; antonyms (adj)
generous, kind, 4. base (alak, baz, taban,
temel, s); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, leg,
stand, support, alkali, (adj) bottom, dishonorable,
vile, bad, foul, infamous, ugly, (v) ground, found;
antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 5. coarse
(kaba); synonyms (adj) barbarous, boorish, brutal,
crude, gross, rough, bawdy, blunt, broad, earthy,
harsh, rude, uncivilized, brutish, awkward;
antonyms (adj) refined, smooth, sophisticated, 6.
low (alak); synonyms (adj) humble, blue, deep,
dejected, depressed, down, downcast,
downhearted, feeble, degraded, despondent, dirty,
dispirited, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms
(adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important,
piercing, (n) high, 7. everyday; synonyms (adj)
routine, casual, daily, humdrum, mundane,
prosaic, regular, informal, hackneyed, colloquial,
undistinguished, household, plain, quotidian, (v)
wonted; antonym (adj) exquisite, 8. cheap (ucuz);
synonyms (adj) inexpensive, stingy, tacky, brassy,
bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, niggardly,
reasonable, shabby, sleazy, worthless, miserable,
wretched; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, tasteful,
first-rate, luxurious.
adil 1. fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj) equitable,
clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine,
impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n)
bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj)
unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial,
foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced,
unwarranted, 2. just; synonyms (adv) exactly,
hardly, newly, simply, (adj) fair, right, correct,
accurate, honest, barely, fit, good, righteous,
upright, appropriate; antonym (adj) wrong.
adilane 1. fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj)
equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate,
fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv)
clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright;
antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional,
unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched,
prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. fairly (olduka);
synonyms (adv) completely, moderately, somewhat,
equitably, fair, justly, passably, pretty, quite, rather,
reasonably, enough, middling, relatively, slightly;
antonyms (adv) unfairly, extremely, unjustly.
adm 1. step (basamak); synonyms (n) degree,
measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank,
act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace,
proceeding, 2. pace; synonyms (n) rate, rapidity,

speed, tempo, tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat,
cadence, carriage, footfall, quickness, swiftness, (v)
step; antonym (n) slowness.
admlamak 1. pace (adm); synonyms (n) walk, rate,
footstep, rapidity, speed, tempo, tread, celerity,
fastness, run, beat, cadence, (v) step, gait, stride;
antonym (n) slowness, 2. step (adm, basamak);
synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, gradation,
level, rank, act, footprint, move, advance, phase,
procedure, process, (v) pace, proceeding.
adlandrmak term (terim); synonyms (n) name,
expression, period, style, title, boundary, limit,
spell, stipulation, time, duration, phrase, (v) call,
designate, entitle.
adli 1. judicial; synonyms (adj) forensic, judiciary,
legal, judicatory, dispassionate, lawful, juridic,
juridical, discriminative, judicious, 2. legal
(yasal); synonyms (adj) sound, valid,
constitutional, judicial, permissible, rightful, true,
correct, sanctioned, official, right, authentic, (v)
allowable, legitimate, licit; antonyms (adj) illegal,
unlawful, bogus.
adres address (sylev); synonyms (n) accost, lecture,
abode, discourse, residence, skill, speech,
allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v) greet, call,
harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore.
adsz anonymous (anonim); synonyms (adj)
nameless, unknown, unnamed, unidentified,
authorless, unacknowledged, undisclosed,
unspecified, incognito, unfamiliar, hidden,
indefinite, mysterious, nondescript, private;
antonym (adj) known.
af 1. pardon (affetmek); synonyms (n) amnesty,
forgiveness, (v) absolve, condone, excuse, forgive,
justify, acquit, exonerate, spare, absolution,
acquittal, discharge, (adj) exculpate, clear; antonym
(v) blame, 2. amnesty; synonyms (n) pardon,
remission, clemency, condonation, grace, mercy,
reprieve, 3. mercy; synonyms (n) compassion,
kindness, favor, pity, charity, humanity, leniency,
benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter,
sympathy, lenience, tenderness, commiseration.
afet disaster (ykm); synonyms (n) calamity,
catastrophe, accident, adversity, blow, casualty,
cataclysm, debacle, destruction, fiasco,
misadventure, misfortune, affliction, curse, bane;
antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy.
affedersiniz sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite,
paltry, penitent, piteous, pitiable, pitiful,
remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic, bad,
deplorable, mean, miserable; antonym (adj)
unrepentant.
affetmek 1. forgive (balamak); synonyms (v)
condone, absolve, excuse, acquit, pardon, remit,
exonerate, justify, clear, overlook, 2. pardon (af);
synonyms (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace,
Turkish - English
remission, reprieve, (v) forgive, spare, absolution,

acquittal, discharge, pity, release, explain, (adj)
exculpate; antonym (v) blame, 3. excuse
(balamak, bahane, zr); synonyms (n)
apology, alibi, evasion, palliate, pretext, color,
defense, explanation, extenuate, plea, (v) apologise,
apologize, dispensation, exempt, (adj) free; antonym
(v) punish.
afi 1. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n)
account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster,
receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard,
advertise, charge, list, 2. poster; synonyms (n) bill,
notice, handbill, broadside, circular, ad,
announcement, flyer, posting, sign, (v) affiche.
a 1. network; synonyms (n) net, grid, mesh, netting,
reticulation, meshwork, web, grating, lattice,
system, complex, (v) link, communicate, contact,
exchange, 2. net (net); synonyms (adj) final, last,
nett, (n) network, bag, lace, earnings, cobweb, (v)
clear, gain, make, trap, catch, earn, knit; antonym
(v) gross, 3. web; synonyms (n) tissue, texture,
blade, entanglement, maze, film, complication,
grain, labyrinth, snarl, tangle, vane, (v) plexus.
aa 1. tree; synonyms (n) gallows, gibbet, stem,
house, tribe, hierarchy, landmark, lentisk, ranking,
trunk, filler, (v) corner, collar, 2. wood (koru,
odun, tahta); synonyms (n) forest, timber, woods,
tree, lumber, coppice, jungle.
aalandrmak forest (orman); synonyms (n)
timber, jungle, woodland, timberland, wood,
woods, (v) afforest.
aarmak grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull,
greyish, hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness,
greyness, (v) gray.
al pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage,
ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, (v)
enclose, confine, compose, impound, indite, write,
inclose.
ar 1. heavy; synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense,
fat, full, grave, gross, hard, arduous, bulky,
burdensome, grievous, oppressive, thick;
antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, gentle,
puny, skinny, 2. serious (ciddi); synonyms (adj)
heavy, sedate, austere, great, considerable, critical,
dangerous, earnest, sad, sober, bad, big, major, (v)
important, momentous; antonyms (adj) frivolous,
lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, mild,
minor, playful, 3. grave; synonyms (adj) serious,
severe, solemn, grand, material, calm, (n) cemetery,
death, low, sepulchre, sepulture, (v) acute, engrave,
carve, etch; antonym (adj) funny, 4. hard (sert);
synonyms (adj) difficult, strong, callous, cruel,
grueling, knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic,
backbreaking, compact, complicated, dour, (adv)
firm, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) soft, kind, merciful,
simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly,
5. lazy (tembel); synonyms (adj) indolent, idle,
inert, drowsy, inactive, shiftless, faineant, remiss,

slothful, slow, sluggish, leisurely, sluggard, tardy,
apathetic; antonyms (adj) energetic, diligent, active,
6. slow (Yava, yavalamak); synonyms (adj)
late, dim, gradual, lazy, stupid, belated, boring,
dilatory, lethargic, obtuse, (v) slack, check, delay,
(adv) behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast,
intelligent, rapid, bright, alert, brisk, hasty, prompt,
quick, speedy, hurried, observant, rushed, (v)
accelerate, 7. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful,
calculated, circumspect, thoughtful, conscious,
considered, (v) consider, cogitate, consult, debate,
think, confer, contemplate, ponder, reflect;
antonyms (adj) accidental, chance, unintentional,
ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 8. dull;
synonyms (adj) blunt, dreary, bland, cloudy, cold,
dismal, torpid, uninteresting, commonplace, dingy,
drab, flat, (v) deaden, dampen, damp; antonyms
(adj) lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous,
stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy,
glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, shiny, 9.
strong; synonyms (adj) powerful, able, stable,
steady, cogent, durable, forcible, good, influential,
lusty, potent, rigid, robust, secure, solid; antonyms
(adj) weak, delicate, faint, feeble, frail, pale,
unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted,
flimsy, imperceptible, lightweight, tired, watery,
10. severe; synonyms (adj) harsh, biting, inclement,
rigorous, cutting, grim, strict, atrocious, caustic,
exacting, extreme, fierce, painful, piercing, (v)
poignant; antonyms (adj) lenient, lax, 11. rich
(zengin); synonyms (adj) abundant, copious,
fertile, productive, fruitful, affluent, ample,
luxurious, opulent, plentiful, prolific, liberal,
fecund, lush, (v) ornate; antonyms (adj) poor, broke,
destitute, impoverished.
arbal 1. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave,
sedate, sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn,
modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber,
staid; antonym (adj) intoxicated, 2. serious (ar,
ciddi); synonyms (adj) heavy, austere, great, hard,
considerable, critical, dangerous, grievous, sad,
sober, bad, big, deep, (v) important, momentous;
antonyms (adj) frivolous, lighthearted, cheerful,
flippant, humorous, mild, minor, playful, slight.
arlatrmak weight (arlk); synonyms (n) load,
burden, charge, consequence, heaviness,
importance, pressure, significance, stress, ballast,
bias, import, influence, moment, (v) gravity;
antonym (n) triviality.
arlk 1. weight; synonyms (n) load, burden, charge,
consequence, heaviness, importance, pressure,
significance, stress, ballast, bias, import, influence,
moment, (v) gravity; antonym (n) triviality, 2.
gravity; synonyms (n) earnestness, solemnity,
graveness, gravitation, seriousness, weight,
sedateness, austerity, staidness, gloominess,
Turkish - English
sobriety, somberness, (v) poise; antonyms (n)
flippancy, insignificance, lightheartedness.
az 1. mouth; synonyms (n) jaw, lip, aperture, lips,
edge, entrance, brim, (v) grimace, articulate,
pronounce, speak, utter, vocalize, blab, deliver, 2.
edge (kenar); synonyms (n) boundary, margin,
verge, blade, brink, extremity, advantage, bank,
butt, corner, limit, (v) border, bound, hem, line;
antonyms (n) center, (v) middle, 3. outlet;
synonyms (n) shop, market, egress, exit, opening,
store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, emission,
escape, gap, release, vent, 4. trap (tuzak,
yakalamak); synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush,
gin, mesh, noose, entanglement, ambuscade, bait,
(v) catch, entrap, ensnare, trick, entangle, capture,
5. accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) stress, dialect,
emphasis, idiom, importance, speech, accentuation,
articulation, intonation, pronunciation, tone, (v)
emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate, 6.
opening; synonyms (n) mouth, break, beginning,
cleft, commencement, crack, door, occasion, chasm,
onset, breach, chance, crevice, entry, (adj)
preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, finale, (adj)
final.
azdan oral; synonyms (adj) spoken, vocal,
unwritten, verbal, (n) examination; antonym (adj)
written.
alama cry (alamak, barmak, feryat);

synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor,
roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep,
exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.
alamak cry (barmak, feryat); synonyms (n)
shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying,
(v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan;
antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.
agoni agony; synonyms (n) anguish, torture, distress,
misery, suffering, torment, grief, pain, pang,
passion, sorrow, throe, ache, affliction, martyrdom.
ar pain; synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother, ill,
torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v)
hurt, afflict, anguish, grieve, trouble, agonize;
antonym (n) pleasure.
arl sore; synonyms (adj) painful, sensitive, angry,
raw, indignant, aching, (n) injury, boil, cut, lesion,
canker, abscess, (v) hurt, acute, sharp; antonym (adj)
painless.
armak hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict,
injure, ail, cost, (adj) evil, (n) harm, damage,
detriment, ache, disadvantage, abuse, distress,
lesion; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) uninjured,
unhurt.
ahali 1. people (halk); synonyms (n) nation,
community, family, folk, multitude, populace, clan,
mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, (v) inhabit, occupy,
reside, dwell, 2. folk; synonyms (n) people, kin,
kindred, kinsfolk, man, persons, race, tribe, house.
ahbap 1. friend (arkada, dost); synonyms (n)

fellow, acquaintance, ally, colleague, crony,
advocate, assistant, booster, buddy, mate,
connection, wellwisher, (adj) associate, companion,
comrade; antonyms (n) enemy, foe, stranger, rival,
2. companion (arkada); synonyms (n) peer,
chum, partner, brother, attendant, consort, escort,
familiar, friend, pal, playmate, boyfriend,
chaperon, (v) accompany, (adj) accomplice, 3. chap;
synonyms (n) person, blighter, crack, cranny,
crevice, guy, lad, man, beau, scissure, chink, cleft,
cuss, fella, feller; antonym (n) woman.
ahenk 1. accord (anlama); synonyms (n)
agreement, assent, consensus, harmony,
consonance, (v) agree, concord, consent, give,
bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply;
antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v)
conflict, 2. harmony; synonyms (n) accord,
conformity, correspondence, accordance,
congruity, consistency, amity, concordance, tune,
understanding, unity, friendship, coincidence, (v)
concert, peace; antonyms (n) dissonance, argument,
3. agreement (anlama); synonyms (n)
acquiescence, contract, acceptance, appointment,
arrangement, compliance, confirmation, covenant,
settlement, unison, deed, bargain, concurrence,
deal, decision; antonyms (n) rejection, dispute,
resistance.
ahr 1. barn; synonyms (n) shed, store, stable, bawn,
auditorium, bacilli, bacillus, lathe, bel, boron,
shelter, (adj) foul, unclean, 2. stable; synonyms (adj)
firm, permanent, reliable, constant, durable, fast,
fixed, lasting, secure, stationary, enduring, hard,
persistent, solid, sound; antonyms (adj) unstable,
shaky, wobbly, dangerous, precarious, rickety,
volatile, 3. stall; synonyms (n) booth, bench, barn,
carrel, compartment, delay, stand, cabin, hut, kiosk,
stalling, cubicle, chair, (v) procrastinate, wait.
ahize receiver (alc); synonyms (n) recipient,
beneficiary, cashier, earpiece, headset, liquidator,
collector, phone, telephone, matrass, questor;
antonym (n) donor.
ahlaki moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, decent, good,
honest, right, chaste, proper, righteous, upright,
virtuous, honorable, noble, pure, (n) lesson,
meaning; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad,
unwholesome.
ahlaksal moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, decent, good,
meaning; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad,
unwholesome.
ahlaksz 1. abandoned; synonyms (adj) forlorn,
immoral, deserted, empty, profligate, shameless,
stranded, wicked, lonely, corrupt, debauched,
depraved, derelict, desolate, discarded; antonyms
(adj) restrained, inhabited, orderly, overcrowded, 2.
10
Turkish - English
mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms
akalamak drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,
(v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj)
channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed,

leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate;
antonym (v) bolster.
akademi academy; synonyms (n) academe, school,
college, institution, university, academia, campus,
class, alliance, council, federation, foundation,
fraternity, league, preparatory.
akademik academic; synonyms (adj) theoretical,
learned, pedantic, scholarly, speculative, studious,
bookish, didactic, educational, erudite, (n)
intellectual, academician, scholar, (v) scholastic,
hypothetical; antonym (n) realist.
akan running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing,
operative, continual, working, functioning,
moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) course, motion,
administration, operation, run.
akar running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing,
akarsu stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow, brook,
river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour,
swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course;
antonym (v) trickle.
akbet 1. fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, chance,
luck, fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot,
portion, accident, end, (v) doom, destine, designate,
destruction, 2. end (bitirmek, bitmek, erek,
son); synonyms (n) close, aim, closure, destination,
conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, (v) cease,
complete, finish, discontinue, conclude, (prep)
consequence; antonyms (n) beginning,
maintenance, opening, middle, (v) start, begin,
continue.
akc 1. fluid (akkan); synonyms (n) juice, liquor,
(adj) liquid, flowing, unsettled, changeable, smooth,
fluent, mobile, runny, juicy, uncertain, unstable,
variable, watery; antonym (n) solid, 2. liquid;
synonyms (adj) fluid, limpid, sappy, succulent,
liquefied, liquified, (n) drink, liquidness, sap;
antonyms (adj) firm, (n) gaseous, 3. smooth (dz,
dzgn); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily,
facile, flat, glossy, graceful, greasy, mellow,
polished, slick, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms
(adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled,
flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged,
wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle.
akl 1. intelligence; synonyms (n) information,
cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding,
acumen, brain, brains, capacity, comprehension,
knowledge, mentality, notice, sharpness; antonyms
(n) stupidity, emotion, 2. mind; synonyms (n)
head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard,
conscience, belief, (v) care, look, attend, beware,
keep, listen, guard, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget, 3.
brain (beyin); synonyms (n) mastermind, genius,
middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium,

miserly, (n) average, contemptible, low; antonyms
(adj) generous, kind.
ahlakszlk corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n)
contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution,
bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker,
blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle;
antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty,
incorruptness.
ahmak 1. stupid; synonyms (adj) foolish, silly, dull,
fatuous, idiotic, ridiculous, senseless, crass, insane,
childish, dim, (n) simple, absurd, dullard, idiot;
antonyms (adj) sensible, bright, clever, intelligent,
shrewd, wise, 2. foolish (aklsz); synonyms (adj)
crazy, fool, daft, dopey, dumb, preposterous,
stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy, dotty, imprudent,
irrational, ludicrous, mad; antonyms (adj) prudent,
visionary, 3. idiot; synonyms (n) dolt, dunce,
dimwit, moron, ass, cretin, imbecile, oaf,
changeling, dumbbell, half-wit, innocent, jerk,
natural, 4. fool; synonyms (n) blockhead, clown,
buffoon, joke, joker, (v) dupe, deceive, bamboozle,
befool, cheat, con, defraud, delude, gull, beguile.
ahap wood (aa, koru, odun, tahta); synonyms
(n) forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice,
jungle.
aile 1. family; synonyms (n) descent, household,
name, breed, brood, clan, class, genus, house, kin,
lineage, people, (adj) home, ancestry, domestic, 2.
house (ev, mesken); synonyms (n) family,
dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, building, edifice,
habitation, housing, establishment, structure,
company, address, (v) accommodate, lodge.
ajan 1. agent (acenta); synonyms (n) agency, broker,
deputy, medium, factor, instrument, mediator,
ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer,
envoy, intermediary, (v) actor, 2. spy (casus);
synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole, notice, patrol,
emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern, discover,
observe, perceive, descry, behold.
ajans agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority,
commission, expedient, factor, instrument, means,
organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, (v) action,
act.
ak white (beyaz); synonyms (adj) fair, ashen, blank,
clean, snowy, wan, achromatic, bloodless, livid,
pallid, colorless, bright, good, (n) pale, (v) whiten;
antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, (n) black.
aka drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel,
sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak,
consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate;
akalama drainage (drenaj); synonyms (n) drain,
drive, emanation, tapping, hydrography, (adj)
arefaction, dephlegmation.
Turkish - English
mind, reason, brainpower, encephalon, nous, wit,
prodigy, 4. head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n) chief,
captain, front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown,
chieftain, executive, chair, (v) capital, direct, lead,
command; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v)
follow, 5. wit; synonyms (n) humor, wag,
humorist, satire, repartee, sense, sagacity, humour,
joker, pleasantry, comedian, mood, wisdom, (adj)
irony, sarcasm; antonym (n) tragedy, 6. reason;
synonyms (n) account, occasion, argument, object,
purpose, rationality, basis, explanation, (v) cause,
argue, debate, conclude, deduce, discuss, ground,
7. advice (t); synonyms (n) admonition,
caution, counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction,
monition, report, advisement, announcement,
communication, direction, guidance, hint, tip, 8.
wisdom (bilgelik); synonyms (n) discretion,
judiciousness, prudence, sapience, discernment,
insight, learning, depth, judgment, profundity,
reasonableness, scholarship, erudition,
sensibleness, (v) lore; antonym (n) foolishness.
akll 1. wise (bilge); synonyms (adj) judicious,
reasonable, sensible, intelligent, knowing, prudent,
rational, sagacious, sound, discreet, shrewd, sane,
discerning, thoughtful, (n) method; antonyms (adj)
foolish, unwise, stupid, 2. intelligent; synonyms
(adj) clever, alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quickwitted, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted,
knowledgeable, quick, smart, wise, witty;
antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dull-witted,
thick, slow, 3. smart (akgz); synonyms (adj)
crafty, dapper, sly, prompt, chic, jaunty, lively,
natty, neat, saucy, fine, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain,
sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, shabby, unkempt, 4.
clever; synonyms (adj) adroit, capable, acute, able,
apt, expert, ingenious, skillful, artful, learned,
adept, brainy, cagey, cagy, (v) brisk; antonyms (adj)
clumsy, dull, inept, 5. reasonable (makul);
synonyms (adj) just, moderate, fair, legitimate,
admissible, appropriate, cheap, due, equitable,
impartial, inexpensive, plausible, temperate,
acceptable, (n) clear; antonyms (adj) illogical,
unreasonable, expensive, unfair, unsatisfactory,
inadequate, 6. sensible; synonyms (adj) aware,
perceptible, appreciable, sage, logical, practical,
conscious, sapient, advisable, careful, cognizant,
palpable, sensitive, realistic, susceptible; antonyms
(adj) absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous,
mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly,
harebrained, hasty, impractical.
aklllk 1. intelligence (akl); synonyms (n)
information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings,
understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity,
comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice,
sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 2.
wisdom (bilgelik); synonyms (n) discretion,
judiciousness, prudence, sagacity, sapience, sense,
11
discernment, insight, learning, depth, judgment,

profundity, reasonableness, scholarship, (v) lore;
antonym (n) foolishness.
aklsz 1. foolish; synonyms (adj) childish, crazy, fool,
daft, dopey, dull, dumb, fatuous, preposterous,
silly, stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy, (n) absurd;
antonyms (adj) wise, sensible, prudent, shrewd,
visionary, 2. irrational; synonyms (adj) foolish,
inconsistent, blind, illogical, senseless,
unreasonable, imprudent, unsound, insane,
thoughtless, nonsensical, ridiculous, surd,
deranged, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) rational,
logical, 3. unreasonable; synonyms (adj)
excessive, extravagant, immoderate, undue,
exorbitant, inordinate, irrational, unconscionable,
unfair, impossible, invalid, unwarranted,
outrageous, unjust, injudicious; antonyms (adj)
reasonable, good-natured, 4. stupid (ahmak);
synonyms (adj) idiotic, crass, dim, pointless, slow,
booby, dense, doltish, heavy, insipid, obtuse, (n)
simple, dullard, idiot, dolt; antonyms (adj) bright,
clever, intelligent.
akm 1. stream; synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run,
spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm,
runnel, creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v)
trickle, 2. current (cari, geerli); synonyms (adj)
common, contemporary, fashionable, instant,
actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, present,
prevalent, rife, (n) stream, afloat, movement;
antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned,
previous, 3. trend (eilim); synonyms (n) fashion,
tendency, fad, inclination, direction, disposition,
drift, vogue, leaning, (v) style, tend, incline, sheer,
turn, verge.
akn 1. invasion; synonyms (n) attack, assault,
aggression, incursion, inroad, descent, foray, influx,
intrusion, encroachment, infringement, occupation,
raid, breach, charge; antonyms (n) retreat,
surrender, 2. raid; synonyms (n) invasion, onset,
seizure, mugging, (v) bust, maraud, pillage, sortie,
loot, assail, invade, plunder, razzia, hit, rob, 3.
flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current,
discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run,
surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 4. rush;
synonyms (n) hurry, flow, haste, (v) dash, race,
speed, dart, hasten, quicken, accelerate, flush, fly,
hurtle, (adj) burst, spurt.
aknt 1. flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n) flood,
current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux,
jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2.
stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river,
spurt, rush, streak, torrent, beam, spout, ray, (v)
crowd, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge; antonym (v)
trickle, 3. current (akm, cari, geerli);
synonyms (adj) common, contemporary,
fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new,
popular, present, prevalent, rife, (n) afloat,
12
Turkish - English
movement, (prep) tide; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past,

old, old-fashioned, previous, 4. drift (sapma,
srklenme); synonyms (n) tendency, tone,
bearing, design, gist, intent, leeway, purport, (v)
aim, blow, ramble, cast, glide, move, roam.
akis reflection (yansma); synonyms (n)
consideration, contemplation, observation,
cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing,
reflexion, thought, idea, notion, introspection,
image, repercussion, animadversion.
ak 1. flow (akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current,
surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2. course
(yn); synonyms (n) flow, bearing, career, path,
road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method,
race, way, (v) chase, (prep) tide, 3. run
(altrmak, komak); synonyms (v) rule, dash,
conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, hurry,
operate, progress, rush, (n) pass, campaign, drive,
range, 4. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n) drift, time, (v)
wave, billow, noonday, 5. stream (akm);
synonyms (n) brook, river, spurt, streak, torrent,
beam, spout, ray, rain, (v) crowd, swarm, runnel,
creek, deluge, squirt; antonym (v) trickle.
akkan fluid (akc); synonyms (n) juice, liquor, (adj)
liquid, flowing, unsettled, changeable, smooth,
fluent, mobile, runny, juicy, uncertain, unstable,
variable, watery; antonym (n) solid.
aktmak 1. shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop,
moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge,
emit, fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth, 2. drain;
synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer,
(v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume,
finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v)
bolster, 3. stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow,
brook, river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet,
pour, swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course;
antonym (v) trickle, 4. pour; synonyms (v) shed,
decant, pelt, stream, discharge, spill, teem, effuse,
deluge, funnel, tip, spout, (n) overflow, rain;
antonym (v) drizzle.
akli intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral, mental,
rational, learned, spiritual, academic, ideal,
cultured, brilliant, clever, (n) intellect, brain,
scholar, thinker, mind.
akma discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n) release,
dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete,
deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce,
detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire.
akmak 1. flow (ak); synonyms (n) flood, current,
surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2.
discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n) release,
detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 3.
stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river,

spurt, rush, streak, torrent, beam, spout, ray, (v)
crowd, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge; antonym (v)
trickle, 4. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,
akort tune; synonyms (n) melody, song, strain, air,
concord, harmony, note, consonance, music, sound,
(v) adjust, regulate, chant, attune, string.
akraba 1. kin; synonyms (n) family, kindred, folk,
house, clan, gender, stock, folks, tribe, connection,
kinsmen, affinity, consanguinity, kinfolk, kinsfolk,
2. related; synonyms (adj) germane, cognate,
relevant, similar, akin, allied, associated, collateral,
connected, consanguineous, pertinent, like, near,
analogous, appropriate; antonym (adj) unrelated, 3.
relation (iliki); synonyms (n) account, narration,
recital, association, description, regard, rehearsal,
kin, bearing, bond, narrative, reference,
relationship, relative, (v) report, 4. relative
(greli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative,
proportionate, proportional, dependent, (n)
relation, brother, congenator, congener, (v)
kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute.
akrabalk 1. affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy,
analogy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity,
rapport, relation, relationship, semblance,
penchant, agreement, attachment, conformity,
connection, 2. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n)
league, affinity, association, combination,
confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment,
alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society,
amalgamation, club; antonym (n) nonalignment, 3.
blood (kan); synonyms (n) ancestry, birth, gore,
descent, family, lineage, origin, beau, bloodshed,
consanguinity, coxcomb, exquisite, extraction, (adj)
humor, juice, 4. relationship; synonyms (n) ratio,
correlation, friendship, kinship, link, kin,
proportion, tie, brotherhood, affair, dependency,
reference, relations, account, acquaintance.
akran 1. equal (eit); synonyms (adj) agree,
comparable, adequate, balanced, commensurate,
equivalent, (v) match, compare, correspond, even,
parallel, rival, equalize, (n) compeer, peer;
antonyms (adj) unequal, different, repressive,
disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, unlike, (v)
differ, 2. fellow (adam); synonyms (adj) comrade,
(n) companion, associate, boy, equal, brother, chap,
colleague, buddy, dude, dog, counterpart, escort,
beau, (v) concomitant, 3. match (e, kibrit);
synonyms (n) competition, couple, duplicate, bout,
contest, (v) mate, meet, accord, harmonise,
harmonize, balance, fellow, fit, pair, coincide;
antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 4. contemporary
(Modern); synonyms (adj) contemporaneous,
modern, current, new, present, recent, up-to-date,
Turkish - English
topical, existing, fashionable, fresh, simultaneous,
coetaneous, cotemporary, (n) coeval; antonyms (adj)
past, old, old-fashioned.
akam 1. evening; synonyms (n) even, dusk, dark,
eve, eventide, nightfall, sunset, twilight, night,
sundown; antonyms (n) dawn, daybreak, 2. night
(gece); synonyms (n) evening, darkness, nighttime,
(adj) nocturnal; antonyms (n) day, light.
aksan accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) stress, dialect,
articulation, intonation, pronunciation, (v)
emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate,
pronounce.
aksatmak disturb; synonyms (v) agitate, disconcert,
disorder, disquiet, distract, distress, perturb,
trouble, annoy, bother, commove, concern,
derange, disarrange, discompose; antonyms (v)
arrange, calm, please, smooth, soothe.
aksetme reflection (yansma); synonyms (n)
aksetmek echo (yank); synonyms (n) answer,
repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, (v)
repeat, reproduce, resound, reverberate, rebound,
ape, copy, imitate, reflect, reiterate.
aksettirmek mirror (ayna); synonyms (n) echo,
model, exemplar, (v) glass, imitate, copy, reflect,
represent, reproduce, lens, mimic, (adj) pattern,
cynosure.
aksi 1. opposite (kart); synonyms (adj) adverse,
contradictory, diametric, different, hostile,
opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n)
contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction,
antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar, 2.
cross (ha); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v)
intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby,
angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse,
cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm,
good-tempered, 3. reverse (ters); synonyms (adj)
opposite, converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal,
rescind, countermand, overturn, revoke, rear,
nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n) reversal;
antonym (n) front, 4. evil (fena, kt, ktlk);
synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked,
depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n)
damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity,
malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good,
goodness, righteousness, 5. contrary; synonyms
(adj) conflicting, reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross,
disobedient, obstinate, perverse, averse, discordant,
unfriendly, balky, headstrong, disagreeable, (n)
antithesis.
aksilik bile (safra); synonyms (n) anger, gall,
ebullition, ferment, fume, pucker, fury,
13
indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness,

colera, dislike, hatred.
aksiyon share (hisse, hisse senedi, pay,

paylamak); synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal,
dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion,
distribute, part, partake, dispense, divide, partition;
antonym (v) control.
aktarma 1. transfer (aktarmak); synonyms (n)
conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry, change,
remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport,
commit, consign, deliver, give; antonyms (v) hold,
keep, 2. quotation; synonyms (n) citation, extract,
mention, excerpt, passage, reference, quote,
example, price, figure, instance, allusion, credit, 3.
connection (ba, balant); synonyms (n) bond,
communication, attachment, concatenation, joint,
bearing, affiliation, alliance, association,
conjunction, knot, link, combination, affinity,
coherence; antonym (n) disconnection.
aktarmak 1. transfer (aktarma); synonyms (n)
conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry, change,
remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport,
commit, consign, deliver, give; antonyms (v) hold,
keep, 2. quote; synonyms (v) cite, mention, name,
exemplify, retell, present, refer, (n) adduce, excerpt,
extract, quotation, citation, passage, price, (adj)
illustrate.
aktif 1. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) energetic, alert,
busy, diligent, effective, live, lively, nimble, strong,
agile, alive, brisk, dynamic, forcible, healthy;
antonyms (adj) dormant, inactive, sluggish, idle,
latent, lethargic, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive,
quiet, 2. assets; synonyms (n) property,
belongings, capital, funds, means, resources,
wealth, finances, resource, estate, money,
possession, possessions, acquit, income.
aktr actor; synonyms (n) doer, player, agent,
comedian, thespian, artist, artiste, entertainer,
histrion, impersonator, mimic, participant, (v)
performer.
aktris actress; synonyms (n) actor, player, artist,
entertainer, musician, recitalist.
ak battery (batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop,
army, barrage, company, collection, mugging,
onslaught, sequence, squad, violence, group,
regiment, squadron, ark, battalia.
akmlatr battery (ak, batarya, pil); synonyms
(n) troop, army, barrage, company, collection,
mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence,
group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia.
akustik acoustic; synonyms (adj) acoustical, aural,
phonic, hearing, sensory, (v) auditory, auricular.
akut acute; synonyms (adj) sharp, incisive, intense,
keen, penetrating, critical, piercing, severe, shrewd,
shrill, smart, strong, acrid, acuate, (v) high;
antonyms (adj) dull, obtuse.
14
Turkish - English
Akvaryum aquarium; synonyms (n) vivarium, (v)

fishery.
al 1. red (krmz, kzl); synonyms (adj) crimson,
flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby, sanguine,
cherry, pink, radical, ruddy, scarlet, cerise, bloody,
inflamed, 2. scarlet; synonyms (adj) red, (n)
vermilion.
alacakl creditor; synonyms (n) debtee, lienor.
alaka interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern,
advantage, affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf,
eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care,
benefit, appeal, affect; antonyms (n) indifference,
apathy, (v) bore.
alakadar 1. interested; synonyms (adj) concerned,
curious, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen,
attentive; antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested, 2.
concerned; synonyms (adj) anxious, careful,
interested, thoughtful, apprehensive, considerate,
nervous, solicitous, worried, affected, caring,
fearful, troubled, uneasy, upset; antonyms (adj)
unconcerned, uncaring, unfeeling.
alakal interested; synonyms (adj) concerned, curious,
involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen, attentive;
antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested.
alakarga jay; synonyms (n) chough, crow, jackdaw,
raven, rook, (v) magpie, parrot, poll.
alamet 1. sign (im, iaret); synonyms (n) signal,
indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem,
imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage,
wave, (v) gesture, indicate, 2. mark; synonyms (n)
evidence, score, character, heed, impression, sign,
feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize,
distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. stamp
(damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal,
cachet, die, earmark, form, hallmark, (v) print, cast,
impress, trample, punch, shape, note, emboss,
mint.
alan 1. field (saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area,
battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground,
compass, court, department, discipline, range,
realm, section, sphere, 2. area; synonyms (n)
region, size, width, expanse, field, neighborhood,
breadth, district, extent, land, room, scope, space,
zone, dimension, 3. domain; synonyms (n)
country, kingdom, province, ambit, demesne,
empire, county, class, dominion, estate, line,
manor, orbit, subject, territory, 4. space (aralk,
uzay, yer); synonyms (n) length, gap, opening,
period, void, margin, distance, emptiness, interval,
latitude, location, volume, berth, blank, (v) separate,
5. range (erim); synonyms (n) array, reach, (v)
arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander,
align, gad, classify, dispose, go, grade, 6. extent;
synonyms (n) degree, extension, amplitude,
amount, bulk, boundary, gauge, measure, purview,
quantity, spread, capacity, depth, limit, mass, 7.
compass (pusula); synonyms (n) circle,

circumference, circuit, gamut, periphery, sweep, (v)
round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, apprehend,
seize, surround, (adv) beset, 8. square (kare);
synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair,
quadrate, straight, equal, equitable, (n) foursquare,
rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree,
correspond, (adv) just, 9. scope (kapsam);
synonyms (n) drift, oscilloscope, chance, play,
freedom, leeway, opportunity, outlook, scale, aim,
purpose, liberty, (v) view, intention, object, 10.
tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet, dissertation,
lot, plot, belt, stretch, track, tractate, treatise,
discourse, exposition, parcel, park, patch, 11.
sphere; synonyms (n) ball, globe, ring, orb, bowl,
firmament, heavens, jurisdiction, sector, welkin,
world, empyrean, function, lookout, responsibility,
12. court (avlu); synonyms (n) forum, bar, close,
tribunal, judicatory, passage, judge, courtroom,
courtyard, hall, (v) woo, attract, invite, romance,
flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun, 13. zone
(blge); synonyms (n) locality, quarter, layer,
division, bed, climate, clime, course, cycle, rundle,
stratum, (v) partition, subdivide, 14. realm;
synonyms (n) nation, commonwealth, monarchy,
state, principality, reign, soil, 15. reach (ulamak,
uzatmak); synonyms (v) overtake, obtain, attain,
extend, make, pass, touch, form, arrive, contact,
give, hit, (n) fetch, gain, catch, 16. pitch (atmak);
synonyms (n) dip, slant, slope, angle, (v) fling, cast,
chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen,
launch.
alarm alarm; synonyms (n) dismay, alert,
consternation, affright, apprehension, fright, terror,
unrest, warning, (v) awe, scare, agitate, horrify,
panic, startle; antonyms (v) calm, comfort.
alay 1. regiment; synonyms (n) army, battalion,
corps, host, brigade, division, (v) control, 2. irony;
synonyms (n) sarcasm, ridicule, banter, humor,
raillery, derision, mockery, quiz, (adj) satire,
burlesque; antonym (n) exaggeration.
albm album; synonyms (n) record, portfolio,
recording, volume, anthology, disc, book,
collection, compilation, set, vinyl, depository,
index, memento, miscellany.
alak 1. low; synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject,
humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep,
downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms
piercing, (n) high, 2. base (baz, taban, temel,
s); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, leg, stand, (adj)
bottom, mean, dishonorable, low, vile, bad,
despicable, foul, infamous, (v) ground, found;
antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 3. mean
(demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v)
intend, design, imply, denote, involve, indicate,
Turkish - English
(adj) middle, hateful, medium, miserly, beggarly,
close, dirty, (n) average, cheap; antonyms (adj)

generous, kind.
alakgnll 1. modest; synonyms (adj) humble,
bashful, diffident, lowly, moderate, gentle, chaste,
decent, low, meek, small, unassuming,
unobtrusive, distant, coy; antonyms (adj) arrogant,
conceited, elaborate, pompous, pretentious, proud,
self-important, showy, spectacular, boastful,
conspicuous, grand, immodest, ostentatious, 2.
humble; synonyms (adj) base, docile, modest,
baseborn, ignoble, (v) degrade, demean, disgrace,
abase, debase, humiliate, mortify, conquer, depress,
(n) dishonor; antonyms (adj) haughty, imposing,
impressive, snooty.
alalmak 1. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease,
deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard,
dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse;
antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 2. sink
(lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) set, descend,
drop, fell, bury, decay, flag, founder, lower, settle,
subside, languish, (adj) immerse; antonym (v) float.
al plaster (yak); synonyms (n) mortar, cement,
paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat,
daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear.
aldanma deception; synonyms (n) deceit, illusion,
trick, betrayal, delusion, fake, pretense, bluff,
artifice, cheating, con, duplicity, fallacy, falsehood,
(v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty.
aldatma 1. deception (aldanma); synonyms (n)
deceit, illusion, trick, betrayal, delusion, fake,
pretense, bluff, artifice, cheating, con, duplicity,
fallacy, falsehood, (v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty, 2.
imposition; synonyms (n) deception, exaction,
imposture, demand, hoax, fraud, infliction,
swindle, tax, wile, enforcement.
aldatmak 1. trick; synonyms (n) deceit, deception,
joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle,
cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile,
2. fox (tilki); synonyms (n) dodger, slyboots, (v)
confound, confuse, fob, bewilder, fuddle, bedevil,
befuddle, discombobulate, 3. sell (satmak);
synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give,
promote, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade,
vend, clear, gammon, pass, deliver; antonym (v)
buy.
aldrsz indifferent (ilgisiz, kaytsz); synonyms
(adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive,
insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average,
aloof, casual, detached, disinterested; antonyms
(adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive,
eager, energetic, involved, surprised.
aldrmak mind (akl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain,
head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, (v)
care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj)
heed; antonym (v) forget.
15
aldrmamak ignore; synonyms (v) fail, neglect, cut,

discount, disregard, forget, omit, snub, overrule,
dismiss, overlook, rebuff, shun, disobey, eliminate;
antonyms (v) acknowledge, observe, honor, react.
aldrmazlk indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n)
apathy, detachment, disregard, impassiveness,
aloofness, disinterest, impassivity, neglect,
neutrality, nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism,
coolness, (adj) coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n)
dedication, eagerness, fervor, interest, passion,
compassion, favorite, sympathy.
alelacele hastily; synonyms (adv) fast, hurriedly,
precipitately, promptly, rapidly, helter-skelter,
carelessly, impetuously, imprudently, quickly,
rashly, speedily, suddenly, thoughtlessly, (adj)
headlong; antonyms (adv) slowly, carefully.
alelade 1. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling,
average, familiar, mediocre, usual, commonplace,
everyday, habitual, normal, mean, banal, (n)
common, customary, accustomed, (v) general;
antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, incredible,
distinguished, famous, 2. common (adi, ortak);
synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual,
vulgar, base, ignoble, plebeian, public, trivial,
prosaic, poor, collective, communal, (n) commons;
antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare,
characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic,
exclusive, infrequent, 3. usual; synonyms (adj)
conventional, routine, prevalent, natural,
prevailing, stock, typical, traditional, accepted,
chronic, expected, set, (n) regular, (v) frequent,
wonted; antonyms (adj) unconventional, abnormal.
alem 1. kingdom; synonyms (n) country, domain,
realm, dominion, empire, state, nation, territory,
area, department, land, monarchy, reign, 2. world
(dnya); synonyms (n) cosmos, nature, universe,
creation, public, sphere, society, globe, humanity,
life, macrocosm, mankind, people, existence, (adj)
global, 3. universe (evren); synonyms (n) world,
population, space.
alenen 1. openly; synonyms (adv) frankly, freely,
candidly, publicly, directly, clearly, evidently,
honestly, ingenuously, bluntly, obviously, overtly,
patently, plainly, (adj) manifestly; antonyms (adv)
secretly, clandestinely, furtively, mysteriously,
secretively, ambiguously, covertly, reticently, 2.
publicly; synonyms (adv) openly, publically,
formally, authoritatively, beforehand, communally,
first, generally, legitimately, paravant, collectively.
aleni public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj) common,
national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual,
popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community, people,
populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms (adj)
private, confidential, personal.
alesta ready; synonyms (adj) fit, prompt, quick,
nimble, apt, deft, disposed, finished, handy, (v)
16
Turkish - English
prepare, fix, willing, (n) available, dexterous, eager;

antonyms (adj) unprepared, unwilling.
alet 1. instrument (ara); synonyms (n) channel,
deed, agency, apparatus, appliance, document,
expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent, device, engine,
means, (v) implement, 2. implement (ara);
synonyms (v) execute, fulfil, accomplish, apply,
enforce, fulfill, complete, perform, discharge,
realize, (n) utensil, instrument, gadget, organ,
contrivance, 3. tool (ara); synonyms (n) machine,
puppet, cock, creature, medium, animal,
marionette, pecker, prick, shaft, (v) drive, joyride, 4.
organ; synonyms (n) member, limb, harmonium,
part, journal, 5. means (ara); synonyms (n)
assets, capital, funds, income, manner, method,
process, property, resource, resources, substance,
way, wealth, wherewithal, road, 6. device
(aygt); synonyms (n) artifice, emblem,
contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick,
design, dodge, machination, mechanism, plot, ruse,
scheme, 7. apparatus; synonyms (n) plant, tackle,
equipment, machinery, outfit, rig, rigging, setup,
tools, 8. vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, container,
craft, duct, jar, vas, bowl, canal, pan, receptacle,
basin, tube, watercraft, bottle.
alev 1. flame; synonyms (n) blaze, fire, ardour,
burning, combustion, enthusiasm, fervor, glare,
fervour, (v) burn, flash, flare, (adj) flush, glow,
sweetheart, 2. blaze; synonyms (n) flame, light,
hell, scintillation, blazing, brightness, brilliance,
conflagration, (v) beam, flicker, mark, shimmer,
heat, kindle, coruscate, 3. fire (ate); synonyms (n)
discharge, ardor, explode, bonfire, (v) excite, eject,
dismiss, ignite, expel, animate, arouse, inflame,
provoke, sack, shoot; antonym (v) hire.
alevlenmek flame (alev); synonyms (n) blaze, fire,
ardour, burning, combustion, enthusiasm, fervor,
glare, fervour, (v) burn, flash, flare, (adj) flush, glow,
sweetheart.
aleyhinde versus; synonyms (prep) anti, about,
concerning, (adv) against, counter.
aleyhtar opponent; synonyms (n) enemy, antagonist,
adversary, competitor, foe, contrary, contestant,
foeman, opposition, match, opposer, opposite,
rival, challenger, (adj) opposing; antonyms (n) ally,
supporter, follower.
alfa alpha; synonyms (n) start, origin, beginning,
initial, dawn, genesis.
alfabe script (senaryo); synonyms (n) calligraphy,
hand, book, handwriting, copy, document,
inscription, lettering, letters, text, treatment,
writing, playscript, record.
alg perception; synonyms (n) apprehension,
conception, idea, notion, discernment, feeling,
impression, insight, comprehension, acumen,
awareness, image, observation, penetration,
sensation.
alglamak sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his);

synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning,
sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling,
idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind,
perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness,
nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish.
algoritma algorithm; synonyms (n) algorism,
discovery, (v) dactylonomy, rhabdology.
alc 1. buyer; synonyms (n) purchaser, client,
customer, consumer, emptor, shopper, user,
vendee, patron; antonyms (n) seller, vendor, 2.
customer (mteri); synonyms (n) buyer, guest,
fellow, passenger, person, spender, 3. client
(mteri, mvekkil), 4. receiver; synonyms (n)
recipient, beneficiary, cashier, earpiece, headset,
liquidator, collector, phone, telephone, matrass,
questor; antonym (n) donor, 5. purchaser;
synonym (n) punter, 6. set (ayarlamak, grup,
set, takm); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put,
locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n)
class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v)
soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj)
variable, flexible, liquid.
alkoyma detention; synonyms (n) delay, arrest,
custody, confinement, apprehension, captivity,
detainment, constraint, capture, detain, hold,
imprisonment, incarceration, internment, (v) keep;
antonyms (n) freedom, release.
alkoymak 1. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold,
preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have,
maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe,
reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump,
lose, 2. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma,
durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay,
interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, (n) halt, stay, check,
end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) start, begin,
encourage, permit, prolong, 3. delay (gecikme,
geciktirmek); synonyms (n) pause, deferment,
wait, deferral, extension, holdup, interruption, (v)
defer, postpone, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate,
hinder, (adj) linger; antonyms (n) punctuality,
decisiveness, (v) rush, advance, 4. hold (tutma,
tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, endure, adhere, bear,
comprise, contain, entertain, carry, support, cling,
(n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch, handle; antonym (v)
release, 5. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v)
remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, bide, dwell,
lodge, persist, sojourn, (n) postponement, reprieve,
(adj) inhabit, tarry; antonyms (v) leave, change,
abscond, depart.
alim learned; synonyms (v) knowing, (adj) erudite,
educated, enlightened, knowledgeable, wise,
academic, scholarly, bookish, cultured, intellectual,
lettered, literary, studious, informed; antonyms
(adj) ignorant, innate.
Turkish - English
alm purchase (satn almak); synonyms (n)
acquisition, bargain, leverage, acquirement, grip,
hold, (v) buy, get, obtain, contract, acquire, bribe,
gain, procure, take; antonyms (n) transaction, (v)
sell.
alml attractive; synonyms (adj) alluring, amiable,
appealing, charming, engaging, good-looking,
tempting, adorable, delightful, enchanting,
fascinating, glamorous, gorgeous, handsome,
interesting; antonyms (adj) unattractive, ugly,
unappealing, disgusting, repellent, revolting,
repulsive, straight, unpleasant.
aln 1. brow; synonyms (n) peak, brink, height,
crown, edge, eyebrow, forehead, front, rim,
summit, top, verge, landing, 2. forehead;
synonyms (n) brow, foreland, mut, phiz,
physiognomy, visage, assurance, hilltop,
supercilium, (adv) foremost.
alnd 1. acknowledgement; synonyms (n)
acceptance, acknowledgment, recognition, acclaim,
preferment, realisation, realization, 2. receipt;
synonyms (n) reception, acquittance, check, recipe,
ticket, revenue, certificate, profit, account, invoice,
voucher, contrivance, expedient, invention, (v)
acknowledge; antonym (n) dispatch.
alndlamak acknowledge; synonyms (v) accept,
avow, confess, recognize, own, profess, admit,
appreciate, concede, declare, notice, affirm, agree,
answer, confirm; antonyms (v) deny, ignore,
overlook, reject.
alngan 1. susceptible; synonyms (adj)
impressionable, receptive, responsive, sensitive,
subject, liable, delicate, pliable, susceptive,
vulnerable, irritable, open, amenable, exposed,
impressible; antonyms (adj) resistant, unsusceptible,
2. sensitive; synonyms (adj) excitable, sensible,
sore, tender, painful, emotional, gentle, perceptive,
susceptible, nice, nervous, exquisite, considerate,
keen, raw; antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb,
hardhearted, tactless, thick-skinned.
alnt quotation; synonyms (n) citation, extract,
example, price, figure, instance, allusion, credit.
alnyazs fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, chance,
luck, fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot,
portion, accident, end, (v) doom, destine, designate,
destruction.
al receiving; synonyms (adj) accepting, admitting,
recipient, acceptant, liberal, suscipient, (n) receipt,
getting, reception, acceptance, taking, recipiency,
delivery, receptiveness, unloading; antonym (n)
dispatch.
allm 1. usual; synonyms (adj) common, ordinary,
accustomed, habitual, average, everyday, familiar,
general, normal, conventional, routine, public, (n)
customary, regular, (v) frequent; antonyms (adj)
unusual, unconventional, abnormal, extraordinary,
17
2. customary; synonyms (adj) usual,

commonplace, traditional, wonted, current,
natural, orthodox, prescriptive, prevailing, stock,
typical, accepted, set, 3. ordinary; synonyms (adj)
middling, mediocre, mean, banal, indifferent,
inferior, medium, dull, fair, household, humble,
mundane, pedestrian, prosaic, (v) inconspicuous;
antonyms (adj) incredible, outstanding, peculiar,
strange, special, distinguished, famous, 4.
familiar; synonyms (adj) close, conversant,
intimate, easy, acquainted, chummy, dear, free,
friendly, popular, thick, (n) companion, comrade,
associate, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj)
unfamiliar, foreign, new, unaccustomed, formal,
ignorant, unknown.
alkanlk 1. habit; synonyms (n) custom, clothing,
attire, character, convention, dress, garb, practice,
ritual, use, addiction, clothes, disposition, apparel,
constitution, 2. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n)
tradition, habit, usage, fashion, impost, method,
observance, order, rite, rule, tax, usance, (v)
accustom, trade, (adj) bespoke, 3. practice;
synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, experience, form,
application, employment, performance, process,
work, behavior, (v) drill, act, apply, rehearse, exert.
almak adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) temper,
accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, balance,
fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter, arrange, (adj)
dress, (n) square.
altrma 1. exercise; synonyms (n) practice,
employment, application, discipline, play,
movement, action, activity, (v) drill, apply, employ,
use, exert, train, educate, 2. drill (matkap);
synonyms (n) exercise, auger, borer, rehearsal,
gimlet, preparation, (v) bore, coach, inculcate,
instruct, perforate, pierce, tap, habituate, penetrate,
3. practice; synonyms (n) fashion, convention,
experience, habit, form, observance, performance,
process, rule, usage, work, behavior, (v) custom, act,
rehearse.
altrmak 1. adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v)
temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize,
balance, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter,
arrange, (adj) dress, (n) square, 2. school (okul);
synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd,
shoal, swarm, (v) educate, instruct, train, coach,
cultivate, discipline, edify, teach, 3. season;
synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep)
period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow,
flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden,
habituate, 4. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain,
string, form, caravan, (v) aim, direct, exercise, trail,
tail, tame, drill, prepare, school, domesticate,
practice.
alveri 1. dealing; synonyms (n) commerce, trade,
transaction, deal, exchange, business, concern,
conduct, dealings, distribution, handling, traffic,
18
Turkish - English
barter, 2. traffic (trafik); synonyms (n) dealing,

interchange, intercourse, travel, industry,
occupation, patronage, (v) bargain, truck, custom,
employment, 3. trade; synonyms (n) swap, switch,
clientele, craft, profession, calling, job, market,
handicraft, (v) change, merchandise, sell, swop,
peddle, (adj) commercial; antonyms (n) purchase,
(adj) charitable.
alk hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause,
employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass,
commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant.
alkol alcohol; synonyms (n) drink, juice, intoxicant,
drinkable, firewater, potable, essence, gas, gasohol,
gasoline, inebriant, nitromethane, oil, petrol, (v)
alcoholism.
alkolsz soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp,
balmy, delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint,
flabby, flaccid, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard,
firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff,
alcoholic, shrill, strong.
Allah 1. lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master,
noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman,
maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain,
impropriator, 2. father (baba); synonyms (n)
begetter, dad, sire, abba, beginner, forefather,
founder, padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget,
engender, create, generate, begin; antonym (n)
mother.
allahasmarladk goodbye; synonyms (int) ciao, (n)
adieu, bye, farewell, adios, cheerio, valediction,
departure, exit, (adj) parting.
alma 1. reception (kabul, resepsiyon); synonyms
(n) receipt, acceptance, admission, entertainment,
greeting, party, receiving, adoption, getting,
salutation, acceptation, comprehension,
admittance, inclusion, (adj) soiree, 2. take (almak);
synonyms (v) admit, get, hold, adopt, bear, carry,
catch, clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, (n) seize,
(phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse,
abstain, add, lose, 3. taking; synonyms (adj)
fetching, infectious, attractive, contagious, winning,
catching, (n) capture, acharnement.
alma receiver (alc); synonyms (n) recipient,
beneficiary, cashier, earpiece, headset, liquidator,
antonym (n) donor.
almak 1. get (elde etmek, olmak, varmak);

synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch,
earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget,
bring, capture; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 2.
receive (kabul etmek); synonyms (v) accept,
admit, get, assume, adopt, bear, have, obtain,
welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace, gather,
greet, hear, 3. take; synonyms (v) hold, carry,
clutch, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, claim,
convey, demand, grab, interpret, require, (n) seize,
(phr) receive; antonyms (v) refuse, abstain, add, 4.
accept (kabul etmek, onaylamak); synonyms

(v) recognize, abide, accede, acquiesce, believe,
yield, agree, approve, assent, consent, espouse,

reconcile, suffer, suppose, tolerate; antonyms (v)
reject, deny, snub, oppose, renounce, resist, 5.
have; synonyms (v) contain, possess, eat, allow,
conduct, consume, do, find, let, sustain, exert,
entertain, contract, use, harbor, 6. buy (satn
almak); synonyms (v) bribe, shop, corrupt,
procure, trade, cheap, requisition, secure, (n)
bargain, purchase, acquisition, deal; antonym (v)
sell, 7. draw (ekmek, izmek); synonyms (v)
attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive,
describe, design, tie, charm, haul, lure, (n) allure,
attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel, 8.
obtain; synonyms (v) accomplish, effect, collect,
extract, prevail, extort, compass, draw, enlist, incur,
reap, stand, win, complete, can, 9. derive;
synonyms (v) deduce, stem, deduct, result,
conclude, descend, educe, elicit, evolve, infer,
originate, spring, clear, arise, emanate, 10. extract;
synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice, quotation,
quote, citation, passage, (v) abstract, distill, express,
cull, distil, mine, remove, squeeze, 11. hold
(tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain,
endure, adhere, comprise, arrest, confine, delay,
maintain, retain, support, (n) grasp, grip, clasp,
handle; antonym (v) release, 12. secure (gvenli);
synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, assure,
ensure, fast, guarantee, guard, (adj) safe, firm,
certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v)
detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe.
alo hello (merhaba); synonyms (n) greeting, hi,
howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail.
alp hero (kahraman); synonyms (n) champion,
character, leader, protector, worthy, protagonist,
warrior, bomber, celebrity, combatant, conqueror,
defender, fighter.
alt 1. bottom (dip, k); synonyms (n) base, basis,
backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass,
bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor; antonyms (n) top,
pinnacle, (adj) highest, 2. lower; synonyms (adj)
debase, inferior, (v) degrade, diminish, frown,
humble, dip, abase, cut, descend, drop, scowl,
disgrace, decrease, (n) depress; antonyms (v)
increase, raise, 3. child (ocuk); synonyms (n)
baby, boy, babe, bairn, brat, girl, infant, juvenile,
kid, minor, toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp;
antonym (n) adult, 4. inferior; synonyms (adj) bad,
secondary, subordinate, poor, cheap, junior, lesser,
petty, feeble, coarse, common, vulgar,
contemptible, ignoble, (prep) below; antonyms (adj)
better, choice, excellent, first-rate, high-class,
premium, (n) superior, superscript, 5.
underneath; synonyms (prep) under, (adv) beneath,
(n) bottom, (adj) down.
Turkish - English
alternatif alternative (seenek); synonyms (adj)
alternate, alternating, variant, (n) option, choice,
preference, selection, substitute, variation.
alt six; synonyms (n) sise, sixer, hexad, sestet, sextet,
sextuplet, ace, assize, bigness, bulk, eight, jack,
king, knave, magnitude.
altn 1. gold; synonyms (n) money, riches, wealth,
treasure, yellow, amber, (adj) aureate, gilded, gilt,
golden, 2. golden; synonyms (adj) fortunate,
auspicious, gold, lucky, advantageous, fair,
favorable, favored.
altna 1. underneath; synonyms (prep) below, under,
(adv) beneath, (n) bottom, (adj) down, inferior, 2.
under; synonyms (adv) underneath, downstairs,
infra, (adj) lower, nether, low, subject, subordinate,
lowest; antonym (prep) over.
altnda 1. below (aa, aada); synonyms (adv)
beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep)
underneath, (adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above,
over, 2. underneath; synonyms (prep) below, (n)
bottom, (adj) inferior, 3. under; synonyms (adj)
lower, nether, subject, subordinate, lowest, 4.
beneath.
altndan underneath; synonyms (prep) below, under,
(adv) beneath, (n) bottom, (adj) down, inferior.
altlk mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board,
arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride,
scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v)
descend, drop, (n) valley.
altm sixty; synonyms (adj) lx, threescore, (n) lux.
altta below (aa, aada); synonyms (adv)
beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep)
over.
altyap infrastructure; synonyms (n) base,
foundation, basis, groundwork, substructure,
alkali, bag, cornerstone, fabric, floor, foot, footing,
fundament, grounds, home.
alminyum aluminium; synonym (n) aluminum.
ama 1. but (ancak, fakat); synonyms (conj) while,
(adv) alone, only, though, barely, however, merely,
simply, yet, exclusively, if, just, (prep) besides,
except, excluding, 2. yet (henz); synonyms (adv)
but, notwithstanding, even, nonetheless, further,
hitherto, eventually, unless, always, more, finally,
(conj) nevertheless, (n) already, (v) still, (adj) erewhile.
ama 1. intent (niyet); synonyms (adj) attentive,
absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n) aim, idea,
design, intention, goal, import, meaning, purpose,
spirit, drift, 2. purpose (maksat, niyet);
synonyms (n) plan, mind, effect, end, purport,
resolve, motive, determination, function, intent,
objective, (v) project, object, intend, propose, 3.
objective (hedef, nesnel, objektif); synonyms
(adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete,
detached, accusative, impersonal, neutral,
19
unbiased, unprejudiced, (n) mark, ambition, target,

point; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 4. aim
(gaye, hedef); synonyms (n) trend, will, bearing,
cause, direction, (v) direct, address, endeavor,
aspire, strive, turn, attempt, drive, lay, (adj) tend, 5.
object (nesne); synonyms (n) matter, subject,
substance, reason, thing, being, destination, (v)
except, complain, demur, remonstrate, argue,
protest, carp, disagree; antonym (v) agree, 6.
target (hedef); synonyms (n) butt, focus, prey,
limit, mug, quarry, sucker, (v) level, grade, place, 7.
goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) basket,
aspiration, finish, home, mission, wish, (v) bound,
8. intention (kast, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n)
animus, conception, motivation, contemplation,
scheme, scope, sense, thought, destiny, 9. cause
(neden); synonyms (n) case, action, occasion,
account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do,
induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender;
antonym (n) consequence, 10. meaning (anlam);
synonyms (n) gist, implication, essence,
connotation, content, significance, interpretation,
explanation, importance, moral, overtone, tenor,
understanding, value, construction, 11. end
(bitirmek, bitmek, erek, son); synonyms (n)
close, closure, conclusion, death, demise, tail,
period, border, completion, edge, (v) cease,
complete, discontinue, conclude, closing; antonyms
(n) beginning, maintenance, opening, middle, (v)
start, begin, continue, 12. design (proje,
tasarlamak); synonyms (n) drawing, arrangement,
device, contrivance, copy, blueprint, pattern, (v)
conceive, contrive, sketch, construct, arrange,
contemplate, invent, model; antonym (n) chance,
13. use (kullanma, kullanmak); synonyms (n)
custom, practice, benefit, habit, application, (v)
exercise, employ, employment, expend, profit,
advantage, exploit, occupy, operate, (adj) usage;
antonym (v) conserve, 14. point (gstermek,
nokta); synonyms (n) peak, nib, article, degree,
dot, spot, phase, apex, detail, height, hint, moment,
position, tip, (v) head, 15. view (bak, bakmak,
grnm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight,
judgment, opinion, scene, outlook, prospect, aspect,
notion, show, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye,
16. scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) range, reach,
domain, purview, room, expanse, area, compass,
extent, oscilloscope, gamut, amplitude, breadth,
dimension, (v) view.
amalamak 1. intend; synonyms (v) aim, design,
destine, mean, determine, contemplate, denote,
plan, purpose, consider, believe, import, calculate,
conceive, designate, 2. mean (demek istemek,
ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, imply, involve,
(adj) middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble,
medium, miserly, abject, beggarly, (n) average,
20
Turkish - English
contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind,

3. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise,
wish, leave, (n) volition, command, desire,
inclination, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent,
mind, courage, liking.
amasz pointless; synonyms (adj) meaningless, flat,
aimless, blunt, futile, needless, purposeless,
senseless, worthless, dull, fruitless, inane,
ineffectual, otiose, silly; antonyms (adj) meaningful,
worthwhile.
aman 1. mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion,
kindness, favor, pity, charity, forgiveness, grace,
humanity, leniency, pardon, benevolence,
forbearance, mercifulness, quarter; antonym (n)
blame, 2. quarter (eyrek); synonyms (n) area,
part, district, division, mercy, neighborhood,
region, direction, portion, quart, (v) place, lodge,
line, put, accommodate.
amansz ruthless; synonyms (adj) merciless, pitiless,
inhuman, remorseless, cruel, heartless, ferocious,
brutal, grim, harsh, inexorable, relentless,
unsparing, barbarous, bitter; antonyms (adj)
merciful, charitable, kind, gentle.
amatr amateur; synonyms (adj) amateurish,
inexpert, unskilled, inexperienced, untrained,
unqualified, (n) novice, beginner, fan, apprentice,
aspirant, devotee, lover, greenhorn; antonyms (adj)
practiced, (n) professional, expert.
ambalaj package (paket); synonyms (n) bundle,
pack, packaging, packet, parcel, carton, container,
collection, (v) box, wrap; antonym (v) unwrap.
ambar 1. warehouse; synonyms (n) store,
storehouse, godown, depository, depot, repository,
entrepot, promptuary, (v) magazine, shop, 2. store
(depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms
(n) hoard, market, business, emporium, heap,
reserve, supply, (v) stock, accumulate, garner,
amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 3. hold
(tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) detain, endure,
adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have,
arrest, carry, confine, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch;
antonym (v) release, 4. bin (kutu); synonyms (n)
bunker, binful, box, case, container, silo, closet,
locker, basket, casket, trashcan, carton, cellaret,
commode, (v) discard, 5. storage (depolama);
synonyms (n) conservation, memory, preservation,
retention, accumulation, reposition, warehousing.
ambulans ambulance; synonyms (n) brancard, crate,
hurdle, litter, stretcher, rescue, transport.
amca uncle; synonym (n) pawnbroker.
amel 1. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak);

synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play,
statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave,
deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v)
refrain, 2. action (etki, eylem, hareket, i);
synonyms (n) act, activity, agency, battle, effect,
engagement, fight, movement, performance,

behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, plot, (v) combat;
antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 3. diarrhoea;
synonyms (n) diarrhea, flux.
amele 1. worker; synonyms (n) employee, hand,
proletarian, workman, actor, doer, drudge, help,
operator, practitioner, prole, 2. hand (el);
synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, paw, worker, (v)
deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford,
communicate, reach, grant, provide.
ameli practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable,
efficient, feasible, functional, pragmatic, realistic,
helpful, active, expedient, handy, positive, sensible,
useful, workable; antonyms (adj) impractical,
theoretical, unrealistic, useless, impossible.
ameliyat operation (operasyon); synonyms (n)
execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business,
management, action, function, functioning,
performance, running, mission, task, job.
amir 1. chief (ana, ba); synonyms (adj) head,
principal, cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential,
first, main, (n) administrator, boss, captain,
executive, leader, paramount; antonyms (adj)
minor, associate, secondary, 2. commander;
synonyms (n) chief, commandant, governor,
chieftain, conductor, master, skipper, 3. boss
(patron); synonyms (n) overseer, superior, ruler,
director, foreman, manager, stud, superintendent,
supervisor, (v) administer, govern, direct, manage,
run, command.
amme public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj)
common, national, overt, civic, general, communal,
mutual, popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community,
people, populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms
(adj) private, confidential, personal.
amortisman redemption; synonyms (n) ransom,
atonement, salvation, discharge, expiation,
buyback, performance, repurchase, fulfillment,
acquittal, observance, recompense, release,
reparation, rescue.
an 1. moment; synonyms (n) importance,
consequence, flash, instant, jiffy, minute, import,
bit, second, time, weight, hour, matter, juncture,
magnitude, 2. instant; synonyms (adj) immediate,
present, exigent, prompt, clamant, crying, current,
imperative, insistent, instantaneous, (n) moment,
point, tick, (v) pressing, urgent; antonyms (adj)
gradual, long-term, 3. minute (dakika);
synonyms (n) note, memorandum, (adj) little,
delicate, microscopic, atomic, careful,
circumstantial, diminutive, elaborate, fine,
infinitesimal, miniature, particular, small;
antonyms (adj) enormous, huge, big, gigantic, 4.
flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer,
glitter, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame,
gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten, dart.
Turkish - English
21
ana 1. main; synonyms (adj) chief, grand, great, head,
anahtar 1. key (tu); synonyms (adj) central,
leading, essential, principal, basic, capital, central,

first, key, major, (n) cardinal, ocean; antonyms (adj)
minor, auxiliary, secondary, supplementary, 2.
master (ba); synonyms (n) captain, instructor,
boss, leader, gentleman, authority, (v) conquer,
control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) original,
ace, expert, proficient, 3. chief (ba); synonyms
(adj) arch, main, primary, sovereign, dominant,
especial, foremost, (n) administrator, executive,
paramount, superior, top, chieftain, commander,
director; antonym (adj) associate, 4. major
(byk); synonyms (adj) large, considerable,
master, grave, fundamental, higher, important,
overriding, senior, serious, vital, greater, crucial,
extensive, hefty; antonyms (adj) unimportant,
lesser, petty, slight, 5. principal; synonyms (adj)
prime, big, predominant, staple, supreme, best,
necessary, premier, prevailing, (n) manager, corpus,
general, lead, dealer, dean, 6. basic (temel);
synonyms (adj) initial, primordial, basal, base,
bottom, introductory, plain, primitive, simple,
beginning, crude, elementary, radical, rudimentary,
underlying; antonyms (adj) complex, extra, 7.
mother (anne); synonyms (n) mamma, parent, (v)
father, beget, engender, generate, care, sire, fuss,
get, 8. primary (birincil); synonyms (adj)
preliminary, primal, aboriginal, primeval, highest,
early, direct, elemental, firsthand, opening,
ultimate, uppermost, earliest, (n) election,
powwow, 9. key (anahtar, tu); synonyms (adj)
significant, (n) guide, handle, clue, legend, clef,
password, solution, answer, bolt, note, lever,
opener, clew, (v) identify, 10. fundamental;
synonyms (adj) indispensable, inherent, core,
intrinsic, material, native, organic, axiomatic,
effective, (n) basis, root, principle, 11. central
(merkezi); synonyms (adj) inner, pivotal, centrical,
critical, focal, halfway, intermediate, median,
middle, inside, (n) umbilical, exchange; antonyms
(adj) peripheral, regional, tangential, 12. leading;
synonyms (adj) outstanding, prominent, star,
forward, advance, eminent, ruling, famous,
winning, (n) leadership, guidance, (adv) ahead, 13.
capital (bakent, byk harf); synonyms (n)
city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money,
resources, wealth, wherewithal, center, chapiter,
(adj) dandy, excellent, exquisite, 14. grand
(byk); synonyms (adj) gorgeous, dignified,
elevated, exalted, majestic, superb, beautiful, high,
massive, brilliant, fine, heroic, huge, (n) glorious,
noble; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble,
modest.
anabilgisayar mainframe; synonyms (n) computer,
processor, management, laptop, notebook,
supercomputer, workstation.
fundamental, basic, cardinal, essential, chief,

important, principal, (n) guide, handle, clue,
legend, clef, password, (v) identify, 2. switch;
synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut,
permutation, (v) exchange, change, shift, substitute,
convert, swap, flip, interchange, move, replace, 3.
clue; synonyms (n) clew, cue, hint, sign, signal,
suggestion, token, evidence, indication, inkling,
key, pointer, information, (v) tip.
anahtarlama switching; synonyms (n) switch, shift,
shunting, replacement, shifting, break, chemise,
coupling, displacement, fault, fracture,
permutation, sack, shimmy, slip.
anahtarlamak switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane,
replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v) exchange,
change, shift, substitute, convert, swap, flip,
interchange, move, replace.
anakara continent (kta); synonyms (n) land, delta,
peninsula, area, boundary, capacity, circle, (adj)
chaste, celibate, abstemious, pure, temperate,
abstinent, sober, austere; antonym (adj) incontinent.
anal anal; synonyms (adj) delicat, delicate, demanding,
exacting, fastidious, finical, finicky, meticulous,
nice, podical, strict, dainty, difficult, fussy,
lickerish.
analist analyst; synonyms (n) psychoanalyst,
analyzer, expert, psychiatrist, examiner,
commentator, accountant, authority, chemist,
counselor, critic, detective, forecaster, investigator,
observer.
analitik analytical; synonyms (adj) analytic, critical,
curious, inquisitive, logical, methodical, rational,
systematic; antonym (adj) illogical.
analiz analysis (zmleme); synonyms (n)
anatomy, breakdown, decomposition, inquiry,
inspection, investigation, psychoanalysis,
resolution, review, scrutiny, study, exploration,
calculation, diagnosis, examination; antonym (n)
synthesis.
analoji analogy (benzerlik, rnekseme);

synonyms (n) semblance, agreement,
correspondence, parity, resemblance, similarity,
affinity, comparison, likeness, parallel; antonym (n)
dissimilarity.
anamal capital (bakent, byk harf); synonyms
(n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means,
money, paramount, prime, resources, (adj) main,
primary, chief, great.
anayasa constitution; synonyms (n) composition,
code, makeup, organization, temperament, build,
foundation, character, charter, construction,
disposition, formation, law, structure, (adj) nature.
anayasal constitutional; synonyms (adj) congenital,
essential, inherent, intrinsic, legal, organic,
constituent, constitutive, inborn, inbuilt, innate,
22
Turkish - English
integral, lawful, (n) walk, journey; antonym (adj)

unconstitutional.
anayol highway; synonyms (n) road, highroad, way,
course, path, route, street, thoroughfare.
ancak 1. but (ama, fakat); synonyms (conj) while,
(adv) alone, only, though, barely, however, merely,
except, excluding, 2. hardly; synonyms (adv)
scarcely, rarely, seldom, hard, little, narrowly,
scarce, severely, slightly; antonym (adv) completely,
3. barely; synonyms (adv) hardly, purely, scantily,
solely, absolutely; antonym (adv) almost, 4. only;
synonyms (adv) but, entirely, exactly, nevertheless,
singly, (adj) exclusive, individual, lone, one, sole, all,
solitary, matchless, single, singular, 5. however;
synonyms (adv) although, anyway, how,
nonetheless, notwithstanding, anyhow, still, (conj)
albeit, even, eventually, (adj) howsoever, 6.
scarcely; synonyms (adv) scantly, precisely, 7. just;
synonyms (adv) newly, (adj) fair, right, correct,
equitable, accurate, honest, impartial, fit, good,
reasonable, righteous, upright, appropriate,
definite; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong, 8.
solely; synonym (adv) wholly, 9. nevertheless;
synonyms (adv) regardless, withal, (conj) howbeit,
nathless, 10. merely, 11. simply; synonyms (adv)
directly, easily, plainly, plain, honestly, manifestly,
obviously, openly, clearly, sincerely,
straightforwardly, ingenuously, innocently,
naively, naturally; antonym (adv) elaborately, 12.
yet (henz); synonyms (adv) further, hitherto,
unless, always, more, finally, heretofore, till, until,
(n) already, (adj) erewhile.
angajman engagement; synonyms (n) combat,
battle, appointment, commitment, conflict,
contract, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date,
employment, encounter, employ, (v) action.
ani sudden; synonyms (adj) abrupt, hasty, precipitous,
quick, rash, unexpected, steep, dramatic, headlong,
immediate, precipitate, sharp, swift, unforeseen,
impulsive; antonyms (adj) gradual, considered.
an memory (bellek, hafza, hatra); synonyms (n)
memento, recall, recollection, remembrance,
reminiscence, commemoration, memorial,
remembering, retention, retrospect, storage, store,
recognition, retrospection, (v) mind.
aniden 1. short (bodur, ksa); synonyms (adj) brief,
concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp,
compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient,
diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking;
antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 2.
suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short, sudden,
presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast, instantly,
sharply, unawares, precipitously, (adj) quickly,
immediately, instanter; antonyms (adv) gradually,
increasingly, predictably, slowly, 3. sharp
(keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter,
intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense,

penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n)
keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild,
gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive,
round, smooth.
anmsamak 1. remember (hatrlamak); synonyms
(v) commemorate, recognize, recall, recollect,
consider, record, remind, retain, think, review,
ponder, mark, imagine, refresh, cite; antonym (v)
forget, 2. recall; synonyms (v) retrieve,
countermand, remember, repeal, rescind, retract,
reverse, revoke, cancel, recant, (n) anamnesis,
memory, return, annulment, recollection.
ant 1. monument (abide); synonyms (n) memorial,
headstone, column, record, tombstone, shrine, slab,
tablet, landmark, statue, (adj) obelisk, pillar, 2.
memorial; synonyms (n) commemoration,
remembrance, memento, cenotaph, monument,
epitaph, memory, token, (adj) commemorative.
anket poll; synonyms (n) election, head, ballot, vote,
crown, pate, inquiry, (v) canvass, parrot, pollard,
canvas, list, muster, research, survey.
anlak intelligence (akl); synonyms (n) information,
(n) stupidity, emotion.
anlam 1. meaning; synonyms (n) import, gist,
implication, intent, design, essence, aim,
connotation, consequence, content, intention,
significance, drift, effect, interpretation, 2.
significance; synonyms (n) sense, meaning,
moment, purport, concern, importance, point,
weight, matter, interest, emphasis, gravity,
magnitude, seriousness, signification; antonyms (n)
insignificance, triviality, 3. sense (duygu, duyu,
his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception,
idea, impression, notion, reason, (v) feel, intellect,
mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage,
ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness,
gibberish, 4. effect (etki, sonu); synonyms (n)
product, result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, (v)
accomplish, achieve, create, cause, complete, do,
bring, carry, execute, induce, 5. construction;
synonyms (n) building, fabrication, formation,
structure, assembly, fabric, frame, organization,
production, arrangement, constitution, creation,
edifice, make, making; antonym (n) destruction, 6.
import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) value,
betoken, substance, core, express, worth,
denotation, export, (v) denote, imply, introduce,
mean, spell, indicate, intend, 7. sound (ses);
synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj)
reasonable, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right,
sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj)
illogical, unsound, confused, 8. point
Turkish - English
(gstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade,
peak, nib, edge, article, degree, dot, mark, spot,
phase, apex, (v) head, direct, level.
anlama 1. comprehension; synonyms (n)
apprehension, conception, grasp, inclusion,
intelligence, knowledge, understanding, wit,
capacity, familiarity, acumen, appreciation,
discernment, insight, notion; antonyms (n)
misunderstanding, incomprehension, 2.
understanding (anlama); synonyms (n)
intellect, mind, reason, comprehension, agreement,
bargain, deal, judgment, sense, sympathy,
arrangement, contract, meaning, (v) recognition,
(adj) tolerant; antonyms (n) ignorance,
bewilderment, disbelief.
anlamak 1. understand; synonyms (v) interpret,
recognize, catch, hear, learn, realize, see,
appreciate, assume, believe, comprehend, construe,
deduce, gather, grasp; antonyms (v) misinterpret,
misconstrue, misunderstand, 2. see (grmek);
synonyms (v) look, feel, discover, behold, consider,
deem, discern, distinguish, know, notice,
apprehend, ascertain, envision, (adj) observe,
perceive, 3. appreciate; synonyms (v) esteem,
prize, treasure, value, appraise, fathom,
acknowledge, admire, apprize, cherish, enjoy,
estimate, like, respect, (adj) understand; antonyms
(v) depreciate, scorn, 4. discover; synonyms (v)
disclose, find, detect, determine, divulge, expose,
impart, trace, descry, betray, declare, devise,
identify, invent, locate, 5. get (almak, elde
etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire,
gain, attain, become, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch,
take, achieve, beget, bring, capture, cause;
antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 6. realize
(gerekletirmek); synonyms (v) fulfill, perform,
accomplish, complete, execute, make, sense, obtain,
effect, discharge, clear, do, get, reach, conceive, 7.
feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience, finger,
handle, endure, hold, suffer, suppose, think, (n)
touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound, texture, air,
impression, 8. compass (pusula); synonyms (n)
range, scope, area, circle, circumference, extent,
room, breadth, ambit, boundary, capacity, circuit,
expanse, (v) round, (adv) beset, 9. grasp; synonyms
(n) grip, clasp, clutch, clinch, appreciation,
apprehension, clutches, comprehension, (v)
embrace, grapple, cling, grab, clench, compass, dig;
antonym (v) release, 10. distinguish; synonyms (v)
discriminate, describe, characterize, classify,
difference, differentiate, separate, tell, contrast,
honor, mark, secern, signalize, spot, dignify;
antonym (v) confuse, 11. catch (yakalamak);
synonyms (v) arrest, hook, ensnare, intercept,
snatch, trap, attract, block, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt,
pawl, snap, collar, 12. dig (kazmak); synonyms
(v) jab, delve, prod, burrow, excavate, investigate,
23
probe, drudge, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch,

stab, taunt, crack; antonym (n) compliment, 13.
accept (almak, kabul etmek, onaylamak);

synonyms (v) receive, admit, abide, accede,
acquiesce, adopt, yield, agree, approve, assent,
bear, consent, espouse, have, reconcile; antonyms
(v) refuse, reject, deny, snub, oppose, renounce,
resist, 14. read (okumak); synonyms (v) decipher,
indicate, say, demonstrate, display, examine,
explain, peruse, record, register, scan, show, study,
translate, check, 15. sense (anlam, duygu,
duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception,
meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, idea, notion,
reason, understanding, purport, (v) intellect, mind,
scent, brains; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness,
anlaml 1. significant (nemli); synonyms (adj)
important, material, momentous, grave,
meaningful, serious, critical, emphatic, expressive,
indicative, major, pregnant, relevant, (v)
considerable, influential; antonyms (adj)
insignificant, minor, unimportant, small, trivial, 2.
meaning (anlam); synonyms (n) import, gist,
significance, drift, effect, interpretation, 3.
meaningful; synonyms (adj) eloquent, significant,
weighty, pointed, big, meaty, vital; antonyms (adj)
empty, worthless, meaningless.
anlamsz 1. absurd (sama); synonyms (adj) foolish,
preposterous, ridiculous, unreasonable, irrational,
crazy, derisory, illogical, incredible, inept,
ludicrous, meaningless, nonsensical, outrageous,
senseless; antonym (adj) sensible, 2. blank (bo,
boluk); synonyms (adj) bare, empty, unfilled,
clean, vacant, deadpan, dull, expressionless,
impassive, inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness,
gap, hiatus; antonyms (adj) animated, full,
expressive, 3. meaningless; synonyms (adj)
insignificant, futile, hollow, pointless, stupid,
useless, worthless, absurd, inane, needless,
purposeless, vain, silly; antonym (adj) meaningful,
4. pointless; synonyms (adj) flat, aimless, blunt,
fruitless, ineffectual, otiose, insipid, irrelevant,
gratuitous, obtuse, superfluous, unnecessary,
commonplace; antonym (adj) worthwhile.
anlalan apparently; synonyms (adv) seemingly,
clearly, evidently, manifestly, obviously,
ostensibly, patently, allegedly, noticeably, plain,
plainly, presumably, probably, supposedly, visibly.
anlalr 1. clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit,
absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite,
discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear,
dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure,
uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused,
24
Turkish - English
confusing, (v) convict, 2. understandable;

synonyms (adj) comprehensible, intelligible,
apprehensible, graspable, plain, obvious, clear,
evident, lucid, comprehendible, excusable, legible,
perceivable, reasonable, simple; antonyms (adj)
indefensible, inexcusable, unintelligible, illegible,
inexplicable, unpardonable.
anlalmaz 1. deep; synonyms (adj) thick, profound,
absorbed, abstruse, broad, dark, rich, sound,
strong, wide, esoteric, bright, large, abysmal, (v)
intense; antonyms (adj) shallow, superficial, high,
high-pitched, light, soft, weak, 2. vague;
synonyms (adj) indeterminate, indistinct, obscure,
ambiguous, faint, indefinite, uncertain, undefined,
undetermined, feeble, dim, fuzzy, hazy, (v) loose,
equivocal; antonyms (adj) clear, definite, distinct,
exact, particular, precise, specific, sure.
anlama 1. deal; synonyms (n) bargain, buy,
agreement, arrangement, covenant, trade, (v)
administer, allot, apportion, conduct, contract,
cope, distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n)
purchase, 2. accord (ahenk); synonyms (n) assent,
consensus, harmony, consonance, (v) agree,
concord, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize,
suit, adjust, comply, compromise; antonyms (n)
disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 3.
agreement; synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence,
accordance, coincidence, acceptance, appointment,
compliance, confirmation, conformity,
correspondence, settlement, unison, deed,
concordance, concurrence; antonyms (n) argument,
rejection, dispute, resistance, 4. understanding;
synonyms (n) intellect, mind, reason, appreciation,
comprehension, apprehension, deal, judgment,
sense, sympathy, grasp, insight, knowledge, (v)
intelligence, discernment; antonyms (n) ignorance,
bewilderment, disbelief, 5. covenant; synonyms
(n) compact, bond, pact, testament, convention,
transaction, stipulation, treaty, concordat, (v)
promise, vow, pledge, undertake, engage,
stipulate, 6. bargain; synonyms (n) chaffer, steal,
dealing, discount, negotiation, sale, understanding,
(v) exchange, traffic, barter, dicker, negotiate, swap,
confer, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 7. alliance
(ittifak); synonyms (n) connection, league, affinity,
association, combination, confederacy, union,
affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger,
organization, society, amalgamation; antonym (n)
nonalignment, 8. arrangement; synonyms (n)
order, adjustment, array, classification, design,
distribution, method, plan, sequence, system,
accommodation, composition, construction,
contrivance, disposal, 9. contract; synonyms (n)
charter, (v) concentrate, condense, narrow, catch,
compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate,
diminish, lessen, bind, (adj) abridge, shorten;
antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch, 10. pact;
synonyms (n) alliance, engagement, 11.

composition; synonyms (n) constitution, texture,
alloy, amalgam, article, composing, compost,
compound, makeup, piece, production, structure,
architecture, composite, assembly, 12. settlement;
synonyms (n) decision, colony, hamlet, payment,
conclusion, resolution, determination, colonization,
establishment, liquidation, village, reconciliation,
regulation, colonisation, compensation.
anlamak 1. agree; synonyms (v) accord, admit,
acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, accede, bargain,
concord, correspond, fit, harmonize, suit,
compromise, align, (n) coincide; antonyms (v)
disagree, oppose, differ, argue, object, refuse,
refute, 2. cotton (pamuk); synonyms (n) thread,
yarn, cord, fiber, string, affinity, bombace,
packthread, rapport, strand, wire, (v) cater, coddle,
fawn, (adj) exceptional, 3. settle; synonyms (v) fix,
place, clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, set,
adjudicate, agree, conclude, decide, determine,
drop, (adj) confirm.
anlamazlk 1. conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat,
fight, battle, contention, contest, dispute,
encounter, action, antagonism, collision, difference,
disagreement, engagement, (v) collide; antonyms
(n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree, 2.
disagreement; synonyms (n) discrepancy, conflict,
discord, dissidence, argument, dissension, scrap,
variance, altercation, contradiction, contrariety,
controversy, debate, dissent, divergence, 3.
difference (fark); synonyms (n) deviation, change,
distinction, dissimilarity, quarrel, departure,
balance, breach, margin, contrast, disparity,
inequality, alteration, (v) differentiate, discriminate;
antonyms (n) correspondence, resemblance,
sameness, similarity, concurrence.
anlatm expression (deyim, ifade); synonyms (n)
diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect,
declaration, demonstration, manifestation,
articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom,
indication, language; antonym (n) repression.
anlatmak 1. relate; synonyms (v) connect, narrate,
recount, associate, link, tell, appertain, apply,
describe, detail, pertain, recite, refer, rehearse,
report, 2. tell (sylemek); synonyms (v) relate,
declare, divulge, express, impart, reveal, explain,
announce, command, communicate, distinguish,
enumerate, inform, (n) disclose, count; antonym (v)
request, 3. express; synonyms (v) exhibit,
articulate, convey, demonstrate, display, mean, say,
(adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial, clear,
exact, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj)
slow, vague, 4. explain (aklamak); synonyms
(v) comment, elucidate, interpret, account, clarify,
decipher, define, enlighten, excuse, explicate,
expound, gloss, solve, annotate, answer; antonym
(v) confuse, 5. report (rapor); synonyms (n)
Turkish - English
description, gossip, notice, name, fame, message,
narration, narrative, news, notification, recital,
record, story, intelligence, bulletin; antonym (n)
fact.
anlay 1. apprehension (korku); synonyms (n)
alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest, capture,
foreboding, misgiving, trepidation, understanding,
appreciation, anticipation, agitation, (adj) anxiety,
care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release,
confidence, calmness, 2. comprehension;
synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, grasp,
inclusion, intelligence, knowledge, wit, capacity,
familiarity, acumen, discernment, insight, notion,
reason, sense; antonyms (n) misunderstanding,
incomprehension, 3. understanding (anlama);
synonyms (n) intellect, mind, agreement, bargain,
deal, judgment, sympathy, arrangement, contract,
meaning, accord, covenant, head, (v) recognition,
(adj) tolerant; antonyms (n) ignorance,
bewilderment, disbelief, 4. insight; synonyms (n)
vision, penetration, perception, brainwave,
acquaintance, idea, acuteness, clairvoyance,
foresight, ken, awareness, brainstorm, experience,
light, 5. conception (fikir); synonyms (n) concept,
creation, thought, view, belief, design, fancy,
image, imagination, impression, invention,
initiation, conceit, construct, inkling; antonym (n)
misconception, 6. intelligence (akl); synonyms
(n) information, cleverness, news, tidings, brain,
brains, mentality, notice, sharpness, wisdom,
genius, aptitude, communication, quickness,
astuteness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 7.
wit; synonyms (n) humor, wag, humorist, satire,
repartee, sagacity, nous, humour, joker, pleasantry,
comedian, mood, salt, (adj) irony, sarcasm; antonym
(n) tragedy, 8. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu,
his); synonyms (n) sensation, logic, feeling,
purport, gist, import, intent, intuition, opinion,
purpose, sensibility, (v) feel, perceive, scent, detect;
antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense,
foolishness, gibberish.
anlayl 1. understanding (anlama); synonyms
(n) intellect, mind, reason, appreciation,
comprehension, agreement, apprehension, bargain,
deal, judgment, sense, sympathy, arrangement, (v)
intelligence, discernment; antonyms (n) ignorance,
bewilderment, disbelief, 2. quick (abuk, hzl);
synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever,
hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive,
cursory, dexterous, expeditious, (adv) fast;
antonyms (adj) slow, leisurely, dull.
anlaysz blind (kr, kr etmek); synonyms (adj)
sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle,
obscure, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape,
trick, veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted.
25
anma mention; synonyms (v) cite, name, hint,

observe, commend, adduce, advert, note, notice, (n)
comment, allusion, citation, remark, call, reference.
anmak 1. mention; synonyms (v) cite, name, hint,
comment, allusion, citation, remark, call, reference,
2. remember (anmsamak, hatrlamak);

synonyms (v) commemorate, recognize, recall,
recollect, consider, record, remind, retain, think,
review, ponder, mark, imagine, refresh,
memorialize; antonym (v) forget.
anne 1. mother; synonyms (n) mamma, parent, (v)
father, beget, engender, generate, care, sire, fuss,
get, 2. mummy; synonyms (n) mama, mammy,
mom, momma, mommy, mum, mater, am,
milliampere, secrecy, skeleton, (v) shrivel, 3. mum;
synonyms (n) mother, mummy, (adj) silent, dumb,
mute, quiet, taciturn, 4. ma.
anneanne grandmother (bykanne, nine);

synonyms (n) gran, grandma, granny, crone,
grandam, grannie, mother, dam, grandmamma,
beldame, mamma, materfamilias, matriarch.
anonim 1. anonymous; synonyms (adj) nameless,
unknown, unnamed, unidentified, authorless,
unacknowledged, undisclosed, unspecified,
incognito, unfamiliar, hidden, indefinite,
mysterious, nondescript, private; antonym (adj)
known, 2. incorporated; synonyms (adj)
corporate, incorporate, united, integrated,
combined, embodied, built-in, merged, unified,
amalgamated.
anons announcement (duyuru, ilan); synonyms (n)
annunciation, notice, advertisement, declaration,
communication, proclamation, promulgation,
pronouncement, release, report, statement,
intimation, bill, ad, assertion.
anormal abnormal; synonyms (adj) aberrant,
anomalous, atypical, irregular, monstrous, odd,
perverted, strange, uncommon, unnatural,
unusual, perverse, improper, preternatural,
grotesque; antonyms (adj) normal, typical, usual.
anszn suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short,
sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast,
instantly, sharply, unawares, precipitously, (adj)
quickly, immediately, instanter; antonyms (adv)
gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly.
ant oath (yemin); synonyms (n) curse, expletive,
malediction, affidavit, cuss, pledge, promise,
swearing, assurance, adjuration, asseveration,
blasphemy, agreement, sacrament, swearword.
anten aerial; synonyms (adj) airy, aery, ethereal,
unreal, insubstantial, aeriform, (n) antenna.
antik antique (antika); synonyms (adj) ancient, old,
antiquated, obsolete, aged, antiquarian,
antediluvian, musty, outmoded, quaint, outdated,
archaic, demode, (n) relic, antiquity; antonyms (n)
new, modern.
26
Turkish - English
antika 1. antique; synonyms (adj) ancient, old,

antiquated, obsolete, aged, antiquarian,
antediluvian, musty, outmoded, quaint, outdated,
archaic, demode, (n) relic, antiquity; antonyms (n)
new, modern, 2. curiosity (merak); synonyms (n)
wonder, curio, curiousness, interest, oddity, rarity,
nosiness, prying, prodigy, marvel, novelty,
peculiarity.
antikor antibody; synonyms (n) antitoxin, germ, ab.
antre 1. entrance; synonyms (n) admission, access,
entry, admittance, arrival, door, doorway,
threshold, accession, (v) enchant, captivate, charm,
bewitch, enrapture, fascinate; antonyms (n)
departure, exit, (v) bore, 2. entry (giri);
synonyms (n) entrance, article, entree, hall, record,
enrollment, entering, entranceway, entryway,
gateway, incursion, note, opening, register, gate.
antrenman training (Eitim); synonyms (n)
education, instruction, breeding, practice,
preparation, teaching, exercise, discipline, nurture,
drill, schooling, experience, workout, culture,
coaching.
antrenr 1. trainer; synonyms (n) coach, teacher,
instructor, mentor, professor, tutor, cavalier, don,
equestrian, horseman, jockey, rider, roughrider, (v)
preparer, 2. coach; synonyms (n) trainer, autobus,
bus, carriage, charabanc, stagecoach, cart, director,
lecturer, manager, (v) train, educate, groom,
instruct, (adj) prime.
antropoloji anthropology; synonyms (n)
anthroposophy, entomology, helminthology,
herpetology, ichthyology, malacology, mastology,
ophiology, ornithology, oryctology, paleontology,
vermeology, folklore, sociology.
apak obvious; synonyms (adj) clear, visible,
apparent, conspicuous, distinct, evident, flagrant,
open, blatant, discernible, glaring, manifest,
marked, noticeable, perceptible; antonyms (adj)
inconspicuous, obscure, hidden, imperceptible,
unclear, undetectable, concealed, slight, subtle.
apandis appendix (ek); synonyms (n) addition,
adjunct, addendum, annex, appendage, accessory,
(v) supplement.
apre size (boyut, byklk); synonyms (n)
measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions,
extent, largeness, quantity, glue, amount, breadth,
degree, magnitude, mass, (v) gauge; antonyms (n)
length, slenderness.
apse gathering; synonyms (n) assembly,
accumulation, collection, concourse, assemblage,
congregation, crowd, compilation, convention,
crew, gather, meeting, throng, bunch, bevy.
aptal 1. dumb; synonyms (adj) mute, dense, dim, dull,
silent, speechless, inarticulate, obtuse, slow, stupid,
idiotic, quiet, taciturn, thick, voiceless, 2. stupid
(ahmak); synonyms (adj) foolish, silly, fatuous,
ridiculous, senseless, crass, insane, childish,
pointless, unreasonable, booby, (n) simple, absurd,

dullard, idiot; antonyms (adj) sensible, bright,
clever, intelligent, shrewd, wise, 3. foolish
(aklsz); synonyms (adj) crazy, fool, daft, dopey,
dumb, preposterous, unwise, anserine, dopy, dotty,
imprudent, irrational, ludicrous, mad, nonsensical;
antonyms (adj) prudent, visionary, 4. idiot;
synonyms (n) dolt, dunce, dimwit, moron, ass,
cretin, imbecile, oaf, changeling, dumbbell, halfwit, innocent, jerk, natural.
ara 1. intermediate (orta); synonyms (adj) average,
medium, mean, mediate, mid, middle, moderate,
central, halfway, median, mediocre, (v) intercede,
interjacent, intercurrent, (n) intermediary, 2.
interval (aralk); synonyms (n) intermission,
interruption, break, distance, interlude, hiatus, gap,
interim, pause, period, respite, span, length,
cessation, rest, 3. space (alan, aralk, uzay, yer);
synonyms (n) opening, place, scope, void, margin,
emptiness, extent, interval, latitude, location, range,
room, field, volume, berth, 4. interim; synonyms
(adj) temporary, transitory, acting, impermanent,
provisional, transient, concomitance, concurrence,
(n) lag, while, (adv) meantime; antonym (adj)
permanent, 5. search (aramak); synonyms (n)
hunt, pursuit, examination, exploration, inquire,
inquiry, inspection, study, (v) grope, ransack,
rummage, pry, examine, explore, forage.
araba 1. car (otomobil); synonyms (n) automobile,
auto, carriage, coach, truck, vehicle, tramcar, coupe,
jalopy, gondola, machine, motorcar, railcar,
limousine, 2. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude,
transport, behavior, conveyance, air, demeanor,
deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position,
posture, walk, (v) bearing.
arabellek buffer (tampon); synonyms (n) safeguard,
pad, protection, bumper, fender, shield, block, (v)
cushion.
arabirim interface; synonyms (n) link, port,
boundary, junction, border, circumference,
communication, display, (v) contact, combine,
connect, merge, amalgamate, collaborate,
communicate.
ara 1. means; synonyms (n) expedient, agency,
instrument, assets, capital, channel, funds, income,
manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium,
method, process, 2. tool (alet); synonyms (n)
implement, machine, puppet, pawn, gadget,
apparatus, appliance, cock, creature, organ, means,
animal, marionette, (v) drive, joyride, 3.
implement (alet); synonyms (v) execute, fulfil,
accomplish, apply, enforce, fulfill, complete,
perform, discharge, realize, do, effect, (n) tool,
utensil, thing, 4. instrument (alet); synonyms (n)
deed, document, gear, engine, intermediary,
mechanism, muniment, way, conduit, factor, 5.
medium (orta, ortam); synonyms (adj)
Turkish - English
intermediate, fair, mid, middle, middling,
moderate, (n) average, mediocre, mean,
atmosphere, go-between, vehicle, environment,
mediocrity, spiritualist, 6. vehicle; synonyms (n)
automobile, transport, carrier, transportation, car,
intermedium, intervention, mediation, platform, 7.
organ; synonyms (n) member, limb, harmonium,
part, journal.
arac 1. intermediate (ara, orta); synonyms (adj)
average, medium, mean, mediate, mid, middle,
moderate, central, halfway, median, mediocre, (v)
intercede, interjacent, intercurrent, (n)
intermediary, 2. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms
(n) agency, broker, deputy, factor, instrument,
doer, envoy, means, procurator, (v) actor.
araclk 1. intervention (araya girme); synonyms
(n) intercession, interference, intermediation,
intervene, arbitration, hindrance, intermission, (adj)
mediation, interposition, 2. agency; synonyms (n)
bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient,
factor, instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency,
activity, board, (v) action, act.
aralar media; synonyms (n) medium, medial,
communications, middle.
arada between (arasnda); synonyms (prep) amid,
among, amidst, amongst, connecting, concerning,
inserted, interpolated, intervening, involving,
linking, (adv) betwixt, atween, (adj) middle,
intermediate.
aralarnda between (arada, arasnda); synonyms
(prep) amid, among, amidst, amongst, connecting,
concerning, inserted, interpolated, intervening,
involving, linking, (adv) betwixt, atween, (adj)
middle, intermediate.
aralk 1. interval; synonyms (n) intermission,
interruption, break, distance, interlude, hiatus, gap,
interim, pause, period, respite, span, length,
cessation, rest, 2. gap (boluk); synonyms (n)
cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm,
clearance, difference, fracture, opening, vacancy,
blank, chink, disparity, (v) breach, 3. space (alan,
uzay, yer); synonyms (n) place, scope, void,
margin, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude,
location, range, room, field, volume, berth, (v)
separate.
aralksz 1. on (stnde); synonyms (prep) at, about,
concerning, in, by, into, upon, for, above, (adv) forth,
ahead, (adj) forward, aboard, (prf) along, against;
antonym (adv) off, 2. continuous (srekli);
synonyms (adj) constant, continual, ceaseless,
endless, perpetual, running, chronic, consecutive,
continued, eternal, everlasting, incessant,
unbroken, unending, uninterrupted; antonyms (adj)
intermittent, temporary, discontinuous, sporadic.
arama 1. search (aramak); synonyms (n) hunt,
pursuit, examination, exploration, inquire, inquiry,
27
inspection, study, (v) grope, ransack, rummage,

pry, examine, explore, forage, 2. quest; synonyms
(n) investigation, chase, expedition, inquest,
research, voyage, pursuance, seeking, (v) search,
probe, demand, ask, request, seek, bay.
aramak 1. seek; synonyms (v) search, attempt,
endeavor, hunt, look, inquire, aspire, beg, explore,
pursue, quest, investigate, research, follow, (n) ask,
2. search; synonyms (n) pursuit, examination,
exploration, inquiry, inspection, study, hunting,
investigation, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry,
examine, forage, inspect, 3. call (barmak,
armak, ar); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name,
shout, bid, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite,
(n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand;
antonym (v) dismiss, 4. hunt (av, avlamak);
synonyms (v) chase, course, hound, prey, dog,
persecute, seek, stalk, trace, track, trail, comb, dig,
run, scour, 5. quest; synonyms (n) expedition,
inquest, voyage, pursuance, seeking, journey,
mission, (v) probe, request, bay, bespeak, invite, 6.
regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan,
deplore, lament, mourn, sorrow, repent, (n) grief,
compunction, contrition, penitence, remorse,
repentance, disappointment.
aranjman arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement,
order, settlement, adjustment, array, classification,
contract, design, distribution, method, plan,
sequence, system, accommodation, appointment.
arasnda between (arada); synonyms (prep) amid,
among, amidst, amongst, connecting, concerning,
inserted, interpolated, intervening, involving,
linking, (adv) betwixt, atween, (adj) middle,
intermediate.
arasndan through (iinden); synonyms (prep) for,
per, along, because, throughout, (adv) by, thorough,
via, (adj) finished, done, direct, straight, completed,
complete, (prf) past.
aratrc searching; synonyms (v) cutting,
excruciating, consuming, corroding, (adj) piercing,
inquisitive, probing, acute, curious, inquiring,
profound, exploratory, penetrating, trenchant,
explorative.
aratrma 1. research (aratrmak); synonyms (n)
exploration, inquiry, search, examination,
investigation, hunt, inquisition, probe, quest, (v)
check, explore, examine, investigate, study,
experiment, 2. investigation; synonyms (n)
research, analysis, inquest, inspection, scrutiny,
review, investigating, trial, audit, interrogation,
inquire, survey, test, indagation, question, 3.
inquiry (sorgu, soruturma); synonyms (n)
enquiry, hearing, query, demand, request,
application, doubt, 4. exploration; synonyms (n)
discovery, expedition, reconnaissance, journey, 5.
search (aramak); synonyms (n) pursuit, hunting,
scrutinize, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry,
28
Turkish - English
forage, inspect, look, nose, scan, prospect, rake,

ask, 6. study; synonyms (n) consideration,
learning, meditation, sketch, contemplation,
deliberation, (v) consider, learn, analyze,
contemplate, meditate, ponder, practice, observe,
reflect, 7. probe (sonda); synonyms (n) plumb,
gauge, (v) fathom, penetrate, sound, pierce,
canvass, delve, dig, quiz, seek, (adj) plummet, 8.
quest; synonyms (n) chase, voyage, pursuance,
seeking, mission, (v) bay, bespeak, invite.
aratrmak 1. explore; synonyms (v) delve, examine,
search, research, discover, hunt, investigate, plumb,
probe, prospect, scrutinize, view, do, detect, spy, 2.
investigate; synonyms (v) explore, inquire,
inspect, check, ask, analyze, enquire, interrogate,
study, test, try, audit, quiz, canvass, consider, 3.
research (aratrma); synonyms (n) exploration,
inquiry, examination, investigation, inquisition,
quest, question, enquiry, inspection, pursuit,
learning, query, (v) experiment, dig, survey, 4.
search (aramak); synonyms (n) hunting, analysis,
chase, lookup, scrutiny, (v) grope, ransack,
rummage, pry, forage, look, nose, scan, rake,
pursue, 5. probe (sonda); synonyms (n) inquest,
gauge, (v) fathom, penetrate, sound, pierce, seek,
(adj) plummet, 6. seek (aramak); synonyms (v)
attempt, endeavor, aspire, beg, follow, demand,
essay, request, strive, struggle, scour, court, aim,
assay, crave, 7. quest; synonyms (n) expedition,
voyage, pursuance, seeking, journey, mission, (v)
bay, bespeak, invite.
arayz interface (arabirim); synonyms (n) link, port,
boundary, junction, border, circumference,
communication, display, (v) contact, combine,
connect, merge, amalgamate, collaborate,
communicate.
araz symptom (belirti, semptom); synonyms (n)
sign, indication, evidence, mark, note,
manifestation, token, signal, characteristic, omen,
exponent.
arazi 1. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground,
country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate,
nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight,
get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic, 2. soil (toprak);
synonyms (n) dirt, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge,
blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish,
defile, foul, mould, smear; antonym (v) clean, 3.
country (lke); synonyms (n) home, area,
commonwealth, place, region, territory, district,
nationality, province, terrain, (adj) rural, rustic,
public, provincial, arable; antonyms (n) city, (adj)
urban, 4. premises; synonyms (n) grounds, facts,
lemma, terms, principle, station, property,
proposition, 5. territory; synonyms (n) dominion,
jurisdiction, expanse, possession, environment,
habitat, sphere, community, section, space, colony,
county, empire, rule, sovereignty, 6. terrain;

synonyms (n) topography, scenery.
ardl successor (halef); synonyms (n) heir,
substitute, beneficiary, inheritor, offspring,
replacement, scion, sequel; antonyms (n)
forerunner, ancestor, precursor, predecessor.
ardndan after (sonra); synonyms (prep) following,
since, (adv) later, beyond, next, subsequently, then,
when, afterward, afterwards, behind, (adj) back,
posterior, rear, subsequent.
ardk consecutive; synonyms (adj) successive,
sequential, continuous, serial, straight,
uninterrupted, continual, following, sequent;
antonym (adj) concurrent.
ardiye warehouse (ambar); synonyms (n) store,
storehouse, godown, depository, depot, repository,
entrepot, promptuary, (v) magazine, shop.
arduvaz slate; synonyms (n) list, plank, platform,
ballot, catalogue, (v) condemn, foolscap, paper,
papyrus, parchment, censure, schedule, criticize,
nominate, program.
arena arena; synonyms (n) ring, battlefield, field,
sphere, theater, amphitheater, area, platform,
domain, region, scene, stadium, ground.
ar 1. pure (saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute,
genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless,
fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere,
(n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated,
diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked, 2. bee;
synonyms (n) honeybee, ant, termite, caprice, fancy,
freak, humor, mania, mosquito, notion, party,
phobia, whim, (adj) barbecue, (v) fly, 3. clean (saf,
temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) fair,
antiseptic, blank, pure, adroit, tidy, unblemished,
(v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep,
wash, decontaminate; antonyms (adj) filthy,
unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy,
unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute.
arife eve; synonyms (n) evening, eventide, apex,
cover, nightfall, sunset, top, lid, point, summit,
verge, vertex.
arlk purity (saflk); synonyms (n) innocence,
holiness, cleanness, clearness, honor, virtue,
perfection, chastity, pureness, sanctity, elegance,
integrity, blamelessness, clarity, simplicity;
antonyms (n) coarseness, guilt.
aristokrasi aristocracy; synonyms (n) gentility,
gentry, nobility, aristarchy, elite, society,
aristocrats, government, grandeur,
magnanimousness, oligarchy, patriciate.
artmak clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms
(adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste,
adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe,
clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy,
unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted,
Turkish - English
arza 1. fault (bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms
(n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, crime,
delinquency, flaw, blunder, break, demerit,

weakness, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n)
merit, strength, 2. breakdown (bozulma,
kme); synonyms (n) collapse, fault, analysis,
failure, ruin, defeat, downfall, fall, resolution,
decay, smash, breakup, debacle, decomposition,
(adj) fiasco, 3. defect (kusur); synonyms (n)
shortcoming, imperfection, scar, dearth, deformity,
foible, vice, want, default, inaccuracy,
disadvantage, disease, drawback, (v) desert, (adj)
infirmity, 4. failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n)
bankruptcy, breakdown, decline, disappointment,
disaster, loser, loss, abortion, dud, lapse, neglect,
slip, repulse, crash, inability; antonyms (n) success,
achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever,
attainment, capability, growth, 5. trouble;
synonyms (n) distress, bother, pain, anxiety,
difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disorder,
disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract,
disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please.
arzal defective (kusurlu); synonyms (adj) deficient,
bad, faulty, imperfect, broken, incomplete, lacking,
unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous,
flawed, inadequate, incorrect; antonym (adj)
perfect.
ark 1. arc (yay); synonyms (n) arch, bow, bend,
crescent, curvature, spark, sweep, (v) curve, 2.
ditch; synonyms (n) trench, canal, channel, dike,
drain, gutter, (v) abandon, chuck, desert, discard,
dump, moat, cut, leave, scrap; antonym (v) keep.
arka 1. back (geri, srt); synonyms (adv) before,
backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate,
endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee,
aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v)
front, oppose, advance, 2. reverse (ters);
synonyms (adj) opposite, converse, inverse, (v)
annul, repeal, rescind, countermand, overturn,
revoke, nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n)
contrary, reversal, 3. supporter; synonyms (n)
partisan, admirer, ally, backer, follower, friend,
patron, sponsor, believer, benefactor, devotee,
disciple, fan, help, helper; antonyms (n) opponent,
skeptic, detractor, critic, 4. rear; synonyms (adj)
back, erect, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside,
behind, bottom, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate,
foster, nurse, build; antonym (adj) fore.
arkada behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv)
backward, backwards, late, later, aback, beyond, (n)
backside, bottom, buttocks, can, posterior, (adj)
back, rear; antonyms (adv) ahead, early, fore.
arkadaki back (arka, geri, srt); synonyms (adv)
before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support,
advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch,
guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n)
face, (v) front, oppose, advance.
29
arkada 1. friend (ahbap, dost); synonyms (n)

2. companion; synonyms (n) peer, chum, partner,
brother, attendant, consort, escort, familiar, friend,
pal, playmate, boyfriend, chaperon, (v) accompany,
(adj) accomplice, 3. chap; synonyms (n) person,
blighter, crack, cranny, crevice, guy, lad, man,
beau, scissure, chink, cleft, cuss, fella, feller;
antonym (n) woman, 4. fellow (adam); synonyms
(n) boy, equal, chap, compeer, dude, dog,
counterpart, confrere, match, swain, buster, gent,
male, member, (v) concomitant, 5. ally; synonyms
(n) confederate, accessory, adherent, auxiliary,
supporter, (v) affiliate, align, support, band,
connect, league, marry, relate, unite, (adj) coadjutor;
antonyms (n) adversary, opponent, 6. mate;
synonyms (n) spouse, husband, wife, double, twin,
lieutenant, pendant, tally, captain, (v) copulate,
couple, pair, checkmate, correspond, join, 7. pal;
synonyms (n) sidekick, confidant, intimate.
arkadalk 1. friendship; synonyms (n) fellowship,
association, affection, familiarity, amity,
companionship, company, friendliness, intimacy,
attachment, concord, comradeship, love,
relationship, acquaintance; antonyms (n) enmity,
hostility, 2. fellowship; synonyms (n)
brotherhood, community, communion,
camaraderie, society, body, club, family, fraternity,
corporation, confederation, league, partnership,
solidarity, (adj) intercourse, 3. company;
synonyms (n) band, business, cohort, collection,
brigade, assemblage, bevy, caller, companion,
corps, crew, firm, troop, army, (v) accompany;
antonym (n) solitude, 4. association (dernek);
synonyms (n) affiliation, alliance, connection,
assembly, affinity, link, syndicate, congress,
meeting, coalition, combination, communication,
conference, conjunction, contact, 5. society;
synonyms (n) institution, public, circle, people,
commonwealth, group, guild, order, folk,
friendship, gild, organization, party, union,
civilization.
arkaplan background (arka plan); synonyms (n)
backdrop, groundwork, setting, basis, context,
education, environment, scene, backcloth,
panorama, atmosphere, experience, ground,
information, preparation.
arkasnda behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv)
arkasndan after (sonra); synonyms (prep) following,
since, (adv) later, beyond, next, subsequently, then,
30
Turkish - English
when, afterward, afterwards, behind, (adj) back,

posterior, rear, subsequent.
arkeoloji archaeology; synonyms (n) archeology,
palaetiology, paleology.
arktik arctic; synonyms (adj) freezing, icy, polar,
north, frigid, frosty, frozen, northern, cold, gelid,
chilly, piercing, (v) glacial, boreal, wintry; antonym
(adj) hot.
armaan 1. gift (hediye); synonyms (n) donation,
faculty, award, flair, capacity, dower, charity,
aptitude, bent, (v) present, boon, bestow, (adj)
endowment, ability, talent; antonym (n) inability, 2.
present (hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer,
current, (n) gift, offering, (v) display, give,
introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform,
gratuity, exhibit; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past,
future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent.
armoni harmony (ahenk); synonyms (n) accord,
conformity, consonance, agreement, concord,
correspondence, accordance, congruity,
consistency, amity, concordance, tune,
understanding, (v) concert, peace; antonyms (n)
dissonance, discord, argument, conflict,
disagreement.
arsa 1. plot; synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, lot,
scheme, chart, design, graph, patch, (v) intrigue,
cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer, 2.
lot (parti); synonyms (n) batch, destiny, fate,
doom, fortune, portion, slice, allot, bunch, chance,
circle, group, set, share, (v) deal, 3. land (toprak);
synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom,
domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark,
debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic.
arsz 1. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious,
manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous,
daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart,
bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid,
modest, 2. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing,
brisk, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy,
bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, (adv) new;
antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot,
humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten,
tired, worn, dry, sweltering.
arszlk 1. cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) audacity,
boldness, brass, face, impertinence, nerve, gall,
impudence, insolence, lip, mouth, daring,
disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect, 2.
sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning,
garnish, billingsgate, salad, cheek, juice, flavoring,
liquor, alcohol, mush, pap, paste, pulp, (v) please.
art rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n) posterior,
tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed, nurture,
raise, educate, foster, nurse, build; antonyms (adj)
fore, (n) front.
artalan background (arka plan); synonyms (n)
backdrop, groundwork, setting, basis, context,

artan remaining; synonyms (adj) left, leftover, odd,
extra, surplus, other, enduring, lasting, permanent,
remnant, residual, spare, outstanding, (adv) over;
antonyms (adj) finished, spent.
art 1. plus; synonyms (prep) besides, with, including,
(n) extra, advantage, addition, asset, gain, increase,
quality, surplus, (adv) more, also, and, (adj) positive;
antonyms (prep) minus, (n) disadvantage, 2.
positive (olumlu, pozitif); synonyms (adj)
absolute, certain, affirmative, confident, decisive,
definite, direct, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible,
peremptory, plus, sure, advantageous, (n) actual;
antonyms (adj) negative, derogatory, uncertain,
unsure, pessimistic, sad.
artk 1. residual; synonyms (adj) remaining, leftover,
residuary, (n) remnant, residue, balance, remainder,
rest, difference, residuum, 2. remainder (bakiye,
kalan); synonyms (n) excess, remain, end,
overplus, oddment, leftovers, relic, remains,
remnants, residual, scrap, surplus, ease, relics, 3.
waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage, trash,
(adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust,
ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate,
dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save, 4. scrap;
synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, bit, chip, clash,
junk, piece, conflict, crumb, fleck, (v) quarrel, row,
discard, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep, 5. rest
(dinlenme); synonyms (n) repose, pause, recess,
relaxation, leisure, break, quiet, respite, halt,
intermission, (v) nap, sleep, lie, perch, abide;
antonym (v) work, 6. refuse; synonyms (v) deny,
reject, decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain,
dismiss, balk, (n) garbage, waste, offal, debris, litter,
leavings; antonym (v) accept.
artklk redundancy; synonyms (n) excess,
redundance, diffuseness, verbiage, repetition,
superabundance, superfluity, (v) pleonasm;
antonym (n) employment.
artrmak 1. increase (art); synonyms (n) gain,
addition, augmentation, boom, expansion,
extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow,
aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj)
augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction,
decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop,
deteriorate, 2. save (kurtarmak, saklamak);
synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, conserve,
free, hoard, keep, maintain, preserve, liberate,
protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep) except;
antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste, 3. raise
(toplamak, ykseltmek); synonyms (v) boost,
lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, foster,
promote, prefer, cultivate, exalt, excite, heave,
heighten; antonym (v) lower.
art 1. increase (artrmak); synonyms (n) gain,
addition, augmentation, boom, expansion,
Turkish - English
deteriorate, 2. gain (kazan); synonyms (v)
acquire, benefit, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win,
achieve, make, reach, (n) profit, earnings,
acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss,
3. rise (ykselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift,
ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement,
(v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise,
jump; antonyms (v) fall, sink, descend, plummet,
retire.
artistik artistic; synonyms (adj) esthetic, aesthetic,
elegant, ingenious, pleasing, attic, creative,
imaginative, inventive, tasteful.
artma 1. increase (artrmak, art); synonyms (n)
gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion,
deteriorate, 2. gain (kazan); synonyms (v)
acquire, benefit, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win,
achieve, make, reach, (n) profit, earnings,
acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss,
3. accession; synonyms (n) acceptance, increase,
access, accretion, agreement, arrival, assent,
coming, entrance, increment.
artmak increase (artrmak, art); synonyms (n)
deteriorate.
arz 1. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country,
soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm,
state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop;
antonym (adj) aquatic, 2. earth (dnya, toprak,
yer, yeryz); synonyms (n) dirt, world, dust,
land, clay, lair, creation, ball, den, globe, hole,
nature, orb, sphere, terra, 3. offer; synonyms (v)
give, bestow, put, advance, extend, impart,
introduce, perform, propose, tender, lay, (n) bid,
proposal, go, proposition; antonyms (v) withdraw,
refuse, 4. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n)
provision, hoard, issue, (v) furnish, stock, afford,
fill, store, feed, offer, provide, cater, contribute,
deliver, equip.
arzu 1. will; synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, wish,
leave, (n) volition, command, desire, inclination,
determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind,
courage, liking, 2. desire (arzu etmek);
synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will,
craving, dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek,
want, aim, choose, crave, like; antonyms (n)
31
aversion, reality, (v) dislike, hate, 3. wish;

synonyms (v) please, bid, care, prefer, intend, mean,
trust, favor, (n) need, longing, purpose, request,
urge, plan, thirst, 4. appetite; synonyms (n)
appetence, appetency, relish, gusto, passion,
stomach, taste, appetition, fondness, hunger, lust,
penchant, zest, (v) demand, 5. want (istemek);
synonyms (v) require, (n) lack, poverty, deficiency,
deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, destitution,
indigence, necessity, penury, privation, shortage,
pauperism.
arzulamak 1. desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms
(n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, wish, craving,
dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, want, aim,
choose, crave; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, (v)
dislike, hate, 2. will (arzu); synonyms (v)
bequeath, devise, leave, (n) volition, command,
desire, inclination, determination, pleasure,
resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking, purpose, 3.
wish (arzu); synonyms (v) like, please, bid, care,
prefer, intend, mean, trust, favor, (n) need, longing,
request, urge, plan, thirst.
as ace; synonyms (n) expert, one, virtuoso, wizard,
adept, master, star, (adj) crack, dot, iota, jot,
outstanding, particle, point, super.
asa staff; synonyms (n) cane, club, post, employees,
faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave,
court, (v) crutch, prop, stick.
asabi nervous; synonyms (adj) anxious, excitable,
tense, cowardly, afraid, apprehensive, fearful, shy,
uneasy, firm, edgy, fidgety, neurotic, (adv) excited,
agitated; antonyms (adj) calm, brave, relaxed.
asabiyet frustration; synonyms (n) failure, defeat,
disappointment, letdown, vexation, setback, check,
disillusionment, anger, irritation, annoyance,
dissatisfaction, foiling.
aa 1. down; synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut,
dejected, depressed, downward, despondent,
dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur,
fuzz, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv)
up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward, 2. below
(aada); synonyms (adv) beneath, under, down,
infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath, (adj) low, after;
antonyms (prep) above, over, 3. inferior; synonyms
(adj) bad, secondary, subordinate, humble, poor,
cheap, junior, lesser, petty, base, feeble, coarse,
common, vulgar, contemptible; antonyms (adj)
better, choice, excellent, first-rate, high-class,
premium, (n) superior, superscript.
aada 1. below (aa); synonyms (adv) beneath,
under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath,
(adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above, over, 2.
downstairs; synonyms (adv) below, downward,
downhill, (n) floor, (adj) downstair; antonym (adv)
upstairs, 3. down (aa); synonyms (adj) cut,
dejected, depressed, despondent, dispirited,
downcast, downhearted, gloomy, (n) feather, fur,
32
Turkish - English
fuzz, hair, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms

(adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward.
aadaki following; synonyms (adj) consequent,
next, ensuing, subsequent, consecutive, later,
posterior, succeeding, (v) consequential, (n)
entourage, chase, followers, pursuit, (adv) under,
after; antonym (adj) preceding.
aalk 1. base (alak, baz, taban, temel, s);

synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject,
mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad,
contemptible, despicable, foul, (v) ground, found;
antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. wicked;
synonyms (adj) atrocious, evil, sinful, vicious,
depraved, immoral, mischievous, unholy, corrupt,
criminal, diabolical, hellish, iniquitous, nasty,
naughty; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind,
moral, pious, pure.
aasna under; synonyms (adv) below, beneath,
underneath, downstairs, infra, (adj) lower, down,
nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject, subordinate,
lowest; antonym (prep) over.
aasnda down (aa); synonyms (adv) below, (adj)
cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent,
up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward.
aaya 1. downstairs; synonyms (adv) down,
beneath, below, downward, downhill, (n) floor, (adj)
downstair; antonym (adv) upstairs, 2. down
(aa); synonyms (adj) cut, dejected, depressed,
despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted,
gloomy, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, hair, (v) consume,
devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful,
happy, upward.
aama 1. rank (sra); synonyms (n) range, place, file,
gradation, line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order,
class, classify, grade, position, array, group;
antonym (adj) fresh, 2. phase (evre, faz, safha);
synonyms (n) aspect, stage, facet, chapter,
circumstance, condition, appearance, form, leg,
level, period, side, situation, state, angle, 3. stage
(sahne); synonyms (n) phase, floor, point, arena,
layer, set, stadium, height, dais, era, platform, (v)
present, mount, play, perform, 4. grade (derece);
synonyms (n) rank, brand, category, gradient, score,
slope, division, plane, caliber, extent, inclination,
incline, (v) evaluate, appraise, even.
asansr lift (kaldrmak); synonyms (n) elevator,
boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect,
filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear.
asap nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) audacity, cheek,
impertinence, boldness, brass, courage, daring,
face, fortitude, heart, impudence, mettle, prowess,
assurance, backbone; antonym (n) cowardice.
asayi order (dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek,

sra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate,
array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition,
disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange,

call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion,
mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request.
a cook; synonyms (n) chef, (v) boil, bake, brew,
make, prepare, concoct, falsify, grill, poach, roast,
simmer, stew, coddle, heat.
asgari 1. least (en kk); synonyms (n) minimum,
(adj) last, littlest, minimal, smallest, lowest,
minutest, negligible, bottom, first, lest, vapid,
atomic, feeblest, finical; antonyms (adv) most, (adj)
maximum, 2. minimum (en az); synonyms (adj)
least, hint, trace, nominal, tiniest, meager, minim,
modicum, basic, essential, (n) atom, minion, dab,
depth, dot.
asi rebel (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurgent,
nonconformist, anarchist, dissident, insurrectionist,
traitor, (v) mutiny, renegade, arise, disobey, revolt,
rise, oppose, (adj) mutineer, rebellious; antonym (n)
conformist.
a shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling,
ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet,
chance, discharge, effort, endeavor.
ak lover; synonyms (n) dear, darling, beau, devotee,
fan, admirer, buff, love, beloved, amorist, man, pet,
sweetheart, gallant, boyfriend.
aikr 1. clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict, 2. explicit (ak);
synonyms (adj) clear, unmistakable, broad, direct,
exact, lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous,
emphatic, transparent, express, obvious, plain,
precise; antonyms (adj) tacit, understood, unspoken,
implicit, bland, 3. evident (besbelli); synonyms
(adj) conspicuous, discernible, patent, noticeable,
marked, palpable, perceptible, tangible,
unequivocal, visible, observable, bold,
demonstrable, notable, candid; antonyms (adj)
concealed, unnoticed, hidden, inconspicuous, 4.
distinct (ayr); synonyms (adj) articulate, different,
discrete, distinctive, decided, dissimilar, clear-cut,
audible, diverse, explicit, individual, intelligible,
particular, (prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj)
indistinct, similar, inaudible, shapeless.
asil noble; synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing,
magnificent, glorious, distinguished, elevated,
exalted, generous, high, impressive, majestic,
patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great; antonyms
(adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful, humble,
dishonorable, lowly.
asl 1. original (orijinal, zgn); synonyms (adj)
first, authentic, native, new, primary, primitive,
indigenous, aboriginal, creative, early, fresh,
Turkish - English
imaginative, inventive, (n) archetype, model;
antonyms (adj) commonplace, banal, copied, corny,
derivative, hackneyed, well-worn, conventional,
resulting, unimaginative, (n) copy, counterfeit, fake,
imitation, replica, 2. master (ana, ba); synonyms
(n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader,
gentleman, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat,
dominate, (adj) chief, original, ace, expert, 3. main
(ana); synonyms (adj) grand, great, leading,
essential, principal, basic, capital, central, key,
major, paramount, prominent, (n) cardinal, ocean,
sea; antonyms (adj) minor, auxiliary, secondary,
supplementary, 4. actual (gerek); synonyms (adj)
real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, existent,
indisputable, literal, positive, precise, tangible,
veritable, very, concrete, (n) accurate; antonyms
(adj) false, hypothetical, supposed, 5. origin
(balang, kaynak, kken); synonyms (n) cause,
lineage, base, beginning, birth, descent, ancestry,
commencement, derivation, extraction, foundation,
fountain, inception, root, source; antonym (n) end,
6. essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma,
being, crux, gist, perfume, hypostasis, body,
burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub, 7.
real (gerek); synonyms (adj) material, physical,
natural, pure, right, good, certain, honest, just,
sincere, substantial, hearty, cordial, (adv) actually,
(v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal, imaginary,
apparent, artificial, bogus, deceptive, fantasy,
insubstantial, mock, nominal, (v) pretend, 8. true
(doru, gerek); synonyms (adj) faithful, even,
correct, exact, straight, truthful, direct, loyal,
proper, reliable, rightful, sound, lawful, legitimate,
(v) square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue.
asl suspended; synonyms (adj) hanging, pendent,
dormant, pendulous, abeyant, dangling, inactive,
pendant.
aslma suspension; synonyms (n) delay, interruption,
abeyance, break, intermission, pause, recess,
respite, suspense, adjournment, deferment,
postponement, reprieve, stay, rest.
aslmak 1. hang (asmak); synonyms (v) dangle,
depend, drape, float, append, cling, decorate,
execute, fall, flow, hover, swing, (n) suspend, delay,
knack, 2. swing (salncak); synonyms (n) sweep,
range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, hang, rock, beat,
brandish, change, move, shake, turn, vibrate,
dance, 3. pull (ekme, ekmek); synonyms (v)
drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug,
pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction,
effort; antonyms (v) push, repel.
aslsz false (taklit, yanl); synonyms (adj) bastard,
counterfeit, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, erroneous,
artificial, assumed, deceptive, disloyal, faithless,
fake, fictitious, sham, ersatz; antonyms (adj) true,
real, correct, factual, faithful, genuine, natural,
truthful, honest, valid.
33
asilzade noble (asil); synonyms (adj) dignified,

imposing, magnificent, glorious, distinguished,
elevated, exalted, generous, high, impressive,
majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great;
antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful,
humble, dishonorable, lowly.
aina familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common,
conversant, customary, everyday, intimate,
commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, (n)
accustomed, companion, comrade, habitual, (v)
confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign,
strange, new, unaccustomed, formal, ignorant,
unknown.
ainalk familiarity; synonyms (n) acquaintance,
intimacy, casualness, closeness, experience,
conversance, conversancy, knowledge, naturalness,
nearness, fellowship, freedom, friendship, privity,
understanding; antonyms (n) ignorance,
unfamiliarity.
andrma erosion (erozyon); synonyms (n)
attrition, abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding,
friction, wear.
andrmak eat (yemek); synonyms (v) devour,
consume, bite, dine, munch, corrode, deplete,
drink, feed, finish, gnaw, gobble, gorge, graze, (adj)
digest.
anma 1. erosion (erozyon); synonyms (n) attrition,
abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction,
wear, 2. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,
fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing,
apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment;
antonym (v) refresh.
anm worn; synonyms (v) decayed, (adj) haggard,
shabby, tired, ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn,
jaded, exhausted, fatigued, careworn, decrepit,
faded, frayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, new.
asr 1. century (yzyl); synonyms (n) age,
centenary, hundred, centred, millennium, carbon,
hecatomb, life, cocain, cocaine, coke, coulomb,
lifetime, seniority, snow, 2. age (ya); synonyms
(n) period, aeon, day, era, time, cycle, years,
antiquity, epoch, eternity, generation, (v) mature,
grow, ripen, develop.
airet tribe (kabile); synonyms (n) family, clan,
house, folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race,
stock, lineage, breed, line, folks, kind.
ar 1. extreme; synonyms (adj) deep, excessive,
enormous, immoderate, intense, severe, supreme,
terrible, ultimate, utmost, uttermost, drastic,
extraordinary, (n) edge, end; antonyms (adj) middle,
reasonable, near, (n) mild, moderate, slight, 2.
steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, exorbitant,
outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip,
drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate, bathe;
antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual, 3. unreasonable;
synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, extravagant, undue,
preposterous, illogical, inordinate, irrational,
34
Turkish - English
ridiculous, senseless, silly, unconscionable, unfair,

impossible, invalid; antonym (adj) good-natured, 4.
over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by,
o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj)
finished, done, extra, odd, past, 5. excessive;
synonyms (adj) exaggerated, extreme, exuberant,
profuse, superfluous, unreasonable, huge, lavish,
radical, redundant, over, disproportionate,
monstrous, overly, (v) steep; antonym (adj)
affordable.
arlk excess; synonyms (adj) extra, additional, (n)
surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora,
abundance, exaggeration, glut, overabundance,
overindulgence, overplus, remainder, rest,
superfluity; antonyms (n) lack, shortage, restraint,
moderation, dearth, shortfall.
armak 1. steal (almak); synonyms (v) abstract,
lift, purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer,
pinch, plunder, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip,
(n) bargain, 2. abstract (zet, soyut); synonyms
(adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, extract,
remove, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome,
summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis,
resume; antonym (adj) concrete, 3. hook;
synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw,
lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch,
button, ensnare, attach.
asistan assistant (yardmc); synonyms (adj)
ancillary, adjunct, (n) accessory, assist, subordinate,
acolyte, accomplice, assistance, auxiliary, colleague,
helper, adjutant, aide, associate, (v) aid.
asit acid; synonyms (adj) acerbic, acidic, bitter, caustic,
sharp, sour, acerb, acrid, cutting, pointed, sarcastic,
acrimonious, astringent, biting, (v) tart; antonym
(adj) sweet.
ak 1. love (sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n)
desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking,
benevolence, charity, attachment, beloved, darling,
devotion, honey, (v) cherish, enjoy, like; antonyms
(n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike,
abhor, 2. passion (tutku); synonyms (n) fury,
feeling, fervor, fire, love, anger, craving,
enthusiasm, heat, mania, rage, ire, adoration,
appetite, (v) ardor; antonyms (n) apathy,
indifference.
asker 1. soldier; synonyms (n) fighter, warrior,
champion, swordsman, adventurer, assassin,
bottle, cutthroat, fencer, gangster, murderer,
recruit, sworder, warfarer, airman, 2. army
(ordu); synonyms (n) legion, troop, host, battery,
battalion, brigade, crowd, flock, force, multitude,
service, swarm, war, (adj) military, array, 3.
private (zel); synonyms (adj) clandestine,
confidential, personal, covert, hidden, individual,
secret, inner, esoteric, exclusive, intimate,
particular, domestic, interior, (v) close; antonyms
(adj) public, communal, community, nationalized,
official, state-owned, civic, shared, state.

askeri military; synonyms (adj) martial, militant,
warlike, soldierly, militaristic, (n) force; antonym
(adj) civilian.
askerlik service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid,
assistance, avail, employment, ministration,
ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v)
overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance.
ask rack (raf); synonyms (n) manger, wrack, bracket,
cage, stand, boot, ledge, (v) torture, excruciate,
torment, afflict, agonize, pain, bedevil, crucify.
askda pending; synonyms (prep) during, awaiting,
(adj) forthcoming, undecided, unresolved,
unsettled, outstanding, hanging, looming,
pendulous, suspended, considering, doubtful, (n)
abeyance, (adv) while; antonym (adj) distant.
asla never (hibir zaman); synonyms (adv) ne'er,
nevermore, nor, tomorrow; antonym (adv) always.
aslan lion; synonyms (n) celebrity, cat, curiosity,
luminary, spectacle, name, notable, leader,
magnate, (adj) hero, worthy, somebody, tiger,
eminent, noted.
asli actual (gerek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute,
true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent,
veritable, very, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false,
hypothetical, supposed.
aslnda 1. actually; synonyms (adv) really, truly,
quite, absolutely, presently, correctly, literally,
authentically, right, physically, bodily, easily,
effectually, indisputably, truthfully, 2. originally;
synonyms (adv) primarily, primitively, firstly,
initially, earlier, formerly, essentially, before,
creatively, naturally, alternatively, autonomously,
connaturally, eccentrically, freely, 3. basically;
synonyms (adv) fundamentally, principally,
virtually, inherently, originally, almost, broadly,
clearly, commonly, generally, just, mainly, merely,
mostly, nearly; antonym (adv) elaborately, 4. really
(gerekten); synonyms (adv) actually, honestly,
genuinely, certainly, real, very, simply, practically,
extremely, forsooth, highly, positively, exactly, (adj)
indeed, sincerely, 5. primarily; synonyms (adv)
chiefly, largely, especially, basically, 6.
substantially; synonyms (adv) considerably, well,
materially, firmly, amply, significantly, generously,
markedly, noticeably; antonym (adv) slightly.
asma 1. suspension; synonyms (n) delay,
interruption, abeyance, break, intermission, pause,
recess, respite, suspense, adjournment, deferment,
postponement, reprieve, stay, rest, 2. hanging;
synonyms (n) dangling, execution, suspension,
curtain, (adj) pendant, pendent, suspended,
pending, pendulous; antonym (adj) upright, 3.
suspended; synonyms (adj) hanging, dormant,
abeyant, inactive.
Turkish - English
asmak hang; synonyms (v) dangle, depend, drape,
float, append, cling, decorate, execute, fall, flow,
hover, swing, (n) suspend, delay, knack.
amak 1. exceed; synonyms (v) beat, pass, surpass,
outdo, surmount, transcend, cap, outshine,
outweigh, overrun, top, excel, outgo, outmatch, (adj)
better, 2. pass (gei, gemek); synonyms (v)
flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer,
overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go,
run; antonym (v) fail, 3. top (st); synonyms (adj)
maximum, superlative, (n) crown, peak, acme,
apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit,
surface, brow, (v) best, head; antonyms (adj) worst,
(n) bottom, base, nadir.
ast junior; synonyms (adj) subordinate, juvenile,
minor, young, associate, puisne, lesser, lower,
petty, secondary, younger, (n) inferior, boy,
assistant; antonyms (adj) senior, chief.
astarlamak line (izgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file,
house, breed, course, family, lineage, field,
ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v)
order.
astm asthma; synonym (n) anhelation.
asude calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, tranquil,
(v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay, pacify, easy,
moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull, equanimity;
antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy,
wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic,
frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n)
agitation.
at 1. horse (beygir); synonyms (n) cavalry, mount,
buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog, drake,
gander, hart, 2. knight; synonyms (n) cavalier,
horseman, horse, chevalier, knighthood,
adventurer, diacetylmorphine, savior, lover,
partisan, sawbuck, sawhorse, scag, (v) dub,
nickname.
ata 1. predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor,
forerunner, ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, father,
elder, precedent; antonyms (n) successor,
descendant, 2. elder; synonyms (adj) older, big,
adult, (n) senior, ancient, patriarch, boss, chief,
superior, 3. father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter,
dad, sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather,
founder, padre, author, (v) beget, engender, create,
generate, begin; antonym (n) mother.
atama 1. appointment (randevu); synonyms (n)
assignment, date, designation, engagement, fitting,
post, rendezvous, berth, conference, election,
assignation, commission, encounter, job, meeting,
2. assignment; synonyms (n) allocation, allotment,
appointment, assigning, mission, apportionment,
stint, business, chore, charge, consignment, duty,
transfer, conveyance, delivery, 3. nomination;
synonyms (n) return, delegation, (v) nuncupation.
atamak 1. create (yaratmak); synonyms (v) cause,
construct, make, constitute, produce, beget, breed,
35
build, compose, do, establish, form, generate,

institute, start; antonyms (v) destroy, terminate, 2.
constitute; synonyms (v) commission, appoint,
comprise, be, create, found, name, nominate,
ordain, organize, designate, configure, consist,
enact, frame, 3. commission (kurul); synonyms
(n) board, mission, delegation, job, mandate,
warrant, assignment, charge, committee, duty, (v)
assign, accredit, authorize, delegate, empower, 4.
institute; synonyms (n) academy, association,
establishment, foundation, institution, (v) fix, begin,
bring, erect, initiate, base, ground, inaugurate,
introduce, launch, 5. appoint; synonyms (v)
prescribe, set, choose, depute, destine, elect, hire,
allot, attach, allocate, call, command, consign,
detail, employ.
atasz 1. saying; synonyms (v) proverb, (n) maxim,
axiom, adage, saw, phrase, aphorism, byword,
dictum, expression, idiom, motto, locution,
apothegm, declaration, 2. saw (testere);
synonyms (v) cut, (n) saying.
ate 1. fire; synonyms (n) discharge, ardor,
conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v) excite,
eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel, animate,
arouse; antonym (v) hire, 2. blaze; synonyms (n)
glare, burning, fire, light, hell, scintillation,
combustion, (v) flash, beam, flicker, mark, shimmer,
heat, (adj) burn, glow, 3. fever; synonyms (n)
delirium, feverishness, frenzy, pyrexia, febricity,
excitement, restlessness, craze, enthusiasm, pain,
rage, disease, fury, lather, outburst, 4.
temperature; synonyms (n) fever, warmth,
breathing, climate, contemperature, heartbeat,
pulse, weather, calefaction, (v) calmness,
moderation, patience, sedateness, temperament,
temperance, 5. glow; synonyms (n) color, sparkle,
brilliance, effulgence, gleaming, luster, (v) blush,
flush, gleam, glimmer, shine, flare, glint, glisten,
glitter; antonym (n) dullness.
ateleme firing; synonyms (v) burst, (adj) combustible,
(n) discharge, dismissal, fire, combustion,
explosion, dismission, fuel, ignition, kindling,
lighting, release, sack, sacking.
atelemek fire (ate); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor,
arouse; antonym (v) hire.
ateli 1. passionate; synonyms (adj) ardent, hot,
angry, animated, burning, excited, fervent, fierce,
earnest, amorous, eager, enthusiastic, excitable,
(adv) fiery, (v) impetuous; antonyms (adj) apathetic,
indifferent, mild, passionless, 2. hot (scak);
synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, feverish, flaming,
fresh, blistering, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy,
new, acrid, close, furious, gingery; antonyms (adj)
cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland, chilly.
36
Turkish - English
atik alert (uyarmak); synonyms (adj) active, agile,
atl rider; synonyms (n) horseman, appendix,
quick, aware, intelligent, lively, vigilant, clever,

alive, animated, attentive, bright, (v) awake, (n)
alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive,
absentminded, dazed, sleepy, tired, asleep, slow,
unalert, unconscious.
atlgan 1. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous,
audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced,
courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid,
spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj)
cowardly, timid, modest, 2. aggressive;
synonyms (adj) belligerent, active, energetic,
enterprising, hostile, invasive, offensive, pushy,
warlike, strong, strenuous, assertive, dynamic,
militant, pugnacious; antonyms (adj) peaceful,
friendly, peaceable, passive, peace-loving,
suspicious, 3. hardy; synonyms (adj) sturdy, hard,
gallant, robust, stout, forcible, doughty, firm,
mighty, resilient, tough, vigorous, fresh, (n) bold,
rugged; antonym (adj) weak.
at 1. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling,
chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, 2. shoot;
synonyms (v) bud, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt,
send, fire, germinate, grow, inject, (n) scion, branch,
sprout, chute, 3. throw (atmak); synonyms (v)
cast, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass, deliver,
drop, give, hurtle, jerk, (n) pitch, push, shot, 4.
shooting; synonyms (v) hunting, coursing, (n)
firing, gunfire, killing, murder, (adj) sharp, acute,
piercing, 5. shy (ekingen, rkek); synonyms
(adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved,
ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, careful, (n) throw, flinch;
antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident,
demonstrative, forward, outgoing.
atlama 1. jump (atlamak); synonyms (v) hop,
spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance,
(n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet;
antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 2. jumping; synonyms
(v) bounding, salient, conspicuous, dancing, saltant,
(n) jump, (adj) moving, active, festive, industrious,
lively, merry, noisy, spirited, sprightly, 3. spring
(bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) fountain, source,
jet, cause, font, fount, ramp, (v) originate, recoil,
proceed, arise, issue, prance, rebound, (adj) elastic.
atlamak jump (atlama); synonyms (v) hop, spring,
dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, (n) leap,
bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v)
decrease, fall.
atlatmak 1. escape (kamak); synonyms (v) elude,
break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent,
leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion,
outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. shake;
synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb,
excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver,
wave, trembling, (adj) quake.
equestrian, passenger, codicil, supplement, clause,

provision, addition, condition, horse, proviso.
atma 1. elimination (eleme); synonyms (n)
cancellation, discharge, excretion, annihilation,
abolition, deletion, ejection, eradication,
evacuation, exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge,
riddance, (v) removal; antonyms (n) addition,
establishment, 2. throw (atmak); synonyms (v)
cast, fling, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass,
deliver, drop, give, hurtle, (n) pitch, push, shot, 3.
cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms (v) throw, form,
stamp, shape, dump, figure, mould, pelt, assign, (n)
appearance, casting, mold, type, build, air, 4.
projection (izdm); synonyms (n) bulge,
hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge,
overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion,
forecast, (adj) salient.
atmak 1. throw; synonyms (v) cast, fling, shed, hurl,
chuck, flip, heave, pass, deliver, drop, give, hurtle,
(n) pitch, push, shot, 2. cast (kalp); synonyms (v)
throw, form, stamp, shape, dump, figure, mould,
pelt, assign, (n) appearance, casting, mold, type,
build, air, 3. pitch; synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant,
slope, measure, angle, delivery, grade, (v) lurch, tilt,
toss, careen, launch, erect, fall, 4. shy (ekingen,
rkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid,
abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous,
reticent, self-conscious, backward, careful, bashful,
(n) flinch; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident,
demonstrative, forward, outgoing, 5. shoot;
synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive,
flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion,
branch, sprout, chute, 6. blow (flemek);
synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock, shock,
wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom,
pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save, 7.
eject, cashier, burst, bounce, detonate, disgorge,
empty, exonerate; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 8.
deliver; synonyms (v) consign, bear, carry, rescue,
abandon, bring, liberate, pronounce, render, return,
utter, remit, announce, birth, (adj) bestow, 9. beat;
synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick,
trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse,
thump, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose, 10.
eliminate; synonyms (v) abolish, delete, rid,
annihilate, cancel, dispel, eradicate, extinguish,
obliterate, take, destroy, discard, dismiss, erase,
except, 11. utter; synonyms (adj) absolute, extreme,
(v) express, say, articulate, breathe, speak, state, tell,
declare, emit, talk, voice, reveal, disclose;
antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 12. project
(proje); synonyms (n) design, device, scheme, idea,
enterprise, (v) plan, contrive, jut, overhang,
protrude, shoot, bulge, devise, extend, forecast, 13.
Turkish - English
send (gndermek, yollamak); synonyms (v)
despatch, convey, dispatch, mail, post, divert,
project, beam, channel, commit, direct, place, put,
transmit, transport.
atmosfer atmosphere; synonyms (n) air, ambience,
ambiance, aura, environment, feel, feeling, mood,
background, quality, climate, medium, setting,
situation, surroundings.
atmosferik atmospheric; synonyms (adj) aerial,
atmospherical, retiring, light.
atlye 1. workshop; synonyms (n) shop, factory,
studio, workhouse, atelier, works, poorhouse,
store, training, committee, induction, meeting,
practicum, 2. studio (stdyo); synonyms (n)
cabinet, accommodation, building, bungalow,
cottage, den, farmhouse, igloo, manor, mansion,
terrace, villa, loft.
atom atom; synonyms (n) jot, grain, molecule,
particle, speck, mite, bit, corpuscle, crumb, mote,
ace, iota.
atomik atomic; synonyms (adj) minute, infinitesimal,
nuclear, tiny, corpuscular, subatomic,
thermonuclear, indivisible, minuscule, atomlike,
compact, explosive, least, trivial, fissionable;
antonyms (adj) conventional, gigantic.
av 1. hunt (avlamak); synonyms (n) search, pursuit,
quest, (v) chase, course, follow, hound, forage,
rummage, prey, dog, persecute, pursue, seek, stalk,
2. game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement, fun,
entertainment, competition, contest, diversion,
match, play, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, brave, (v)
bet, gamble, wager, 3. catch (yakalamak);
synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, get,
acquire, ensnare, intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick,
bolt, clasp, grab, pawl; antonym (v) release, 4.
chase; synonyms (n) game, following, (v) hunt,
expel, track, trail, chamfer, race, evict, drive,
furrow, oust, shadow, shoot, (adj) emboss.
avadanlk kit; synonyms (n) gear, outfit, equipment,
stuff, fiddle, case, set, tackle, tools.
avans advance (ilerleme, ilerlemek, ilerletmek);
synonyms (n) progress, improvement, (v) further,
proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, rise,
boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, (phr)
accelerate; antonyms (n) deterioration, (v) retreat,
recede, delay, demote, regress.
avantaj 1. advantage (stnlk, yarar); synonyms
(n) behalf, privilege, profit, account, expediency,
good, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot,
avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit; antonyms (n)
drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v) disadvantage,
2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage,
assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use,
welfare, allowance, asset, (v) aid, assist, help,
advance, pay; antonyms (n) loss, (v) harm, 3. odds;
synonyms (n) chance, likelihood, possibility,
probability, likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap,
37
superiority, edge, (v) difference, dissension,

misunderstanding, variance, 4. edge (kenar);
synonyms (n) boundary, margin, verge, blade,
brink, extremity, bank, brim, butt, corner, limit, (v)
border, bound, hem, line; antonyms (n) center, (v)
middle, 5. start (balamak, balang,
balatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate,
commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate,
arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning,
commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop,
conclude, halt, (n) conclusion.
avare rover; synonyms (n) nomad, wanderer,
rambler, ranger, roamer, traveler, vagabond,
vagrant, itinerant, peregrinator.
avarya average (ortalama); synonyms (adj) mean,
median, fair, common, medium, middle, middling,
normal, ordinary, intermediate, mediocre, mid,
moderate, tolerable, (n) norm; antonyms (adj)
exceptional, extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v)
maximum, minimum.
avc hunter; synonyms (n) chaser, huntsman, seeker,
courser, woodman, driver, beast, cattle, charger,
follower, forester, horse, nag, palfrey, racer.
avclk shooting; synonyms (v) shoot, hunting,
coursing, (n) firing, gunfire, killing, shot, murder,
(adj) sharp, acute, piercing.
avlamak hunt (av); synonyms (n) search, pursuit,
quest, (v) chase, course, follow, hound, forage,
rummage, prey, dog, persecute, pursue, seek, stalk.
avlanmak hunt (av, avlamak); synonyms (n) search,
pursuit, quest, (v) chase, course, follow, hound,
forage, rummage, prey, dog, persecute, pursue,
seek, stalk.
avlu 1. courtyard; synonyms (n) court, yard, area,
square, backyard, forecourt, 2. yard (yarda);
synonyms (n) courtyard, garden, grounds, close,
quadrangle, enclosure, beehive, bindery, chiliad, g,
grand, m, nailery, pace, slip, 3. court; synonyms
(n) forum, bar, field, tribunal, judicatory, passage,
judge, courtroom, hall, judicature, (v) woo, attract,
invite, romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun.
avrat wife (e, kar); synonyms (n) matron, missis,
partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman,
mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride,
companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband.
Avu palm (palmiye); synonyms (n) decoration,
medal, prize, thenar, victory, medallion, (v) hand,
filch, bag, cabbage, crib, handle, nim, pilfer, rob.
avukat 1. lawyer; synonyms (n) advocate, attorney,
agent, representative, advisor, leguleian, beagle,
brief, defender, fixer, mouthpiece, pettifogger,
proctor, shyster, 2. attorney; synonyms (n) lawyer,
counsel, counselor, factor, solicitor, auctioneer,
underwriter, bailiff, clerk, go-between, investigator,
secretary, beak, front, mugger, 3. solicitor;
synonym (n) petitioner, 4. counsel (t, t
38
Turkish - English
vermek); synonyms (n) caution, advisement,

admonition, consultation, exhortation, guidance,
recommendation, (v) advice, advise, consult,
admonish, confer, exhort, urge, warn.
avunma consolation; synonyms (n) comfort, solace,
relief, balm, ease, succor, encouragement,
solacement, alleviation, sympathy.
avuntu 1. consolation; synonyms (n) comfort, solace,
solacement, alleviation, sympathy, 2. comfort
(avutmak); synonyms (n) consolation, aid,
amenity, assistance, support, convenience, luxury,
(v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, console,
encourage, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort,
aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten.
avurt cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) audacity,
disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect.
avutmak comfort; synonyms (n) solace, ease,
consolation, relief, aid, amenity, assistance,
support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage, cheer,
alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n)
discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten.
ay 1. moon; synonyms (n) lunation, moonlight,
moonshine, satellite, epoch, bootleg, (v) daydream,
dream, fantasize, bemuse, gaze, glare, meditate,
(adj) quicksilver, weathercock, 2. month;
synonyms (n) moon, day, hour, minute, quarter,
quinquennium, year, moneth, second, time, week.
aya palm (palmiye); synonyms (n) decoration,
medal, prize, thenar, victory, medallion, (v) hand,
filch, bag, cabbage, crib, handle, nim, pilfer, rob.
ayak 1. foot; synonyms (n) bottom, base, feet,
foundation, basis, footing, measure, paw, pes, bed,
butt, floor, (v) hoof, pay, hand; antonym (n) top, 2.
leg (bacak); synonyms (n) stage, blackleg, branch,
peg, post, arm, column, limb, member, phase, rook,
shank, support, fork, 3. pace (adm); synonyms
(n) walk, rate, footstep, rapidity, speed, tempo,
tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat, cadence, (v) step,
gait, stride; antonym (n) slowness.
ayakkab shoe; synonyms (n) boot, horseshoe, skid,
clog, splint, spoke, sprit, base, stilts, stirrup,
galoshes.
ayaklanma 1. rebellion; synonyms (n) insurrection,
mutiny, revolt, disobedience, uprising, defiance,
outbreak, revolution, unrest, commotion, disorder,
rebel, disturbance, insurgence, rising, 2. revolt
(ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) repulsion, distaste,
(v) disgust, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, repel,
offend, repulse, appall, protest, rebellious, riot, rise,
(adj) shock, 3. riot; synonyms (n) sedition, tumult,
brawl, fight, fray, confusion, debauch, debauchery,
orgy, trouble, mob, (v) carouse, (adj) hubbub,
uproar, row, 4. rising; synonyms (adj) climbing,
uphill, emergent, emerging, (n) ascending,
ascension, ascent, climb, advance, lift, upheaval,

heave, raise, (adv) increasing, growing; antonyms
(adj) plummeting, decreasing, plunging.
ayaklanmak 1. rebel; synonyms (n) insurgent,
nonconformist, anarchist, dissident, insurrectionist,
traitor, (v) mutiny, renegade, arise, disobey, revolt,
rise, oppose, (adj) mutineer, rebellious; antonym (n)
conformist, 2. revolt; synonyms (n) insurrection,
uprising, revolution, repulsion, (v) disgust,
rebellion, nauseate, sicken, rebel, repel, offend,
repulse, appall, protest, (adj) shock, 3. riot;
synonyms (n) disturbance, commotion, disorder,
sedition, tumult, brawl, fight, fray, confusion,
debauch, debauchery, orgy, (v) carouse, (adj)
hubbub, uproar.
ayaklar feet; synonyms (n) fete, meter, rescue, arm,
fact, performance, (v) legs, pegs, pins, trotters.
ayaktopu 1. football (futbol); synonyms (n) soccer,
hockey, note, baseball, basketball, footie, 2. soccer
(futbol); synonyms (n) football, ball, gridiron.
ayar 1. adjustment; synonyms (n) adaptation,
accommodation, alteration, control, fit, settlement,
allowance, arrangement, change, disposition,
modification, standardization, agreement,
amendment, (adj) adaption, 2. standard
(standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular,
accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure,
average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge,
benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual,
unconventional, special, 3. accuracy (doruluk);
synonyms (n) fidelity, precision, truth, exactitude,
exactness, reliability, care, closeness, correctness,
faithfulness, meticulousness, veracity; antonyms (n)
inaccuracy, vagueness, imprecision, 4. gauge
(l); synonyms (n) caliber, gage, calibre, (v)
estimate, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make,
reckon, forecast, scale, appraise, evaluate, figure, 5.
setting; synonyms (n) frame, scene, adjustment,
scenery, backdrop, background, mount, position,
environment, environs, location, mounting, place,
scope, set.
ayarlama 1. adjustment; synonyms (n) adaptation,
accommodation, alteration, control, fit, settlement,
allowance, arrangement, change, disposition,
modification, standardization, agreement,
amendment, (adj) adaption, 2. arrangement;
synonyms (n) order, adjustment, array,
classification, contract, design, distribution,
method, plan, sequence, system, appointment,
accord, composition, construction, 3. regulation;
synonyms (n) rule, law, government, canon, decree,
ordinance, management, direction, conduct, act,
formula, restriction, administration, code, (adj)
precept; antonym (n) chaos.
ayarlamak 1. adjust; synonyms (v) temper,
accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, balance,
fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter, arrange, (adj)
Turkish - English
dress, (n) square, 2. regulate; synonyms (v) adjust,
manage, control, direct, order, determine, govern,
influence, modulate, regularize, check, correct,
decide, guide, (n) form, 3. set (grup, set, takm);
synonyms (v) place, lay, put, locate, position,
define, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot, party, (adj)
fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy,
melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible,
liquid, 4. tune; synonyms (n) melody, song, strain,
air, concord, harmony, note, consonance, music,
sound, tone, line, (v) chant, attune, string, 5.
arrange (dzenlemek); synonyms (v) appoint,
settle, pack, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do,
engineer, provide, straighten, display, design,
dispose, (n) array; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange,
6. scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,
degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip,
criterion, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh,
rise; antonym (v) descend.
ayartma temptation; synonyms (n) enticement, lure,
attraction, bait, allurement, invitation, seduction,
inducement, allure, appeal, pull, decoy, fancy,
fascination, influence; antonym (n) repulsion.
ayaz frost; synonyms (n) cold, freeze, freezing, rime,
hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice.
ayba period (devir, dnem, nokta); synonyms (n)
age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation,
day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length,
menstruation, stage, time.
aydn 1. intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral, mental,
rational, learned, spiritual, academic, ideal,
scholar, thinker, mind, 2. educated; synonyms (v)
instructed, (adj) erudite, enlightened, lettered,
trained, informed, refined, taught; antonyms (adj)
uneducated, ignorant.
aydnlanmak dawn; synonyms (n) beginning,
commencement, aurora, cockcrow, morning, onset,
origin, prime, start, sunrise, birth, (v) break, begin,
appear, (adj) daybreak; antonyms (n) dusk, sunset,
twilight, (v) end, finish.
aydnlatma lighting; synonyms (n) illumination,
light, firing, ignition, kindling, inflammation,
brightness, discharge, dismissal, dismission, fire,
igniter, ignitor, installation, liberation.
aydnlatmak light (ak, hafif, k); synonyms (adj)
fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame,
brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow,
ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening,
nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night,
(v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy.
aydnlk 1. light (ak, hafif, k); synonyms (adj)
(v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 2. bright;
39
synonyms (adj) alive, apt, intelligent, vivid,

beaming, brainy, brilliant, light, luminous, lustrous,
shining, shiny, smart, sunny, gorgeous; antonyms
(adj) dull, cloudy, dim, dreary, gloomy, stupid,
unintelligent, overcast, shadowy, leaden, slow,
thick, 3. clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,
discharge; antonyms (adj) opaque, unclear, fuzzy,
hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague,
ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, illegible,
imperceptible, (v) convict, 4. daylight; synonyms
(n) day, dawn, daybreak, morning, sunrise,
clearance, daytime, sunup; antonym (n) nighttime,
5. sunny; synonyms (adj) cheerful, gay, merry,
blithe, radiant, happy, jovial, jolly, breezy, cheery,
fine, joyful, pleasant, sunlit, burnished.
ayet verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy,
stanza, strain, measure, song, clause, paragraph,
canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n)
prose.
aygr horse (at, beygir); synonyms (n) cavalry,
mount, buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog,
drake, gander, hart.
aygt 1. device; synonyms (n) contrivance, apparatus,
appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption, figure,
gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design,
dodge, expedient, 2. apparatus; synonyms (n)
device, implement, instrument, plant, tackle,
equipment, gadget, gear, machine, machinery,
mechanism, outfit, rig, rigging, setup, 3.
instrument (alet, ara); synonyms (n) channel,
deed, agency, document, pawn, tool, agent, engine,
means, medium, creature, intermediary,
muniment, organ, puppet.
ay bear (tamak); synonyms (v) carry, accept, abide,
acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume,
behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey.
aybal seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp,
cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v)
plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj)
conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal.
ayklamak 1. sort (snflandrmak); synonyms (n)
kind, type, assortment, breed, description, form,
rank, variety, pattern, (v) class, group, arrange,
classify, divide, (adj) manner, 2. pick (semek,
toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest,
opt, break, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice, option,
selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower.
ayltmak sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate,
sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn, modest,
abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber, staid;
antonym (adj) intoxicated.
ayin 1. ceremony (tren); synonyms (n) formality,
courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp,
rite, manners, custom, form, liturgy, magnificence,
40
Turkish - English
observance, ritual, service, 2. service (hizmet);

synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail,
employment, ministration, ceremony, business,
occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist,
attendance.
ayp 1. shame; synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace,
discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty,
pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade,
humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor, 2.
contempt; synonyms (n) disdain, scorn, derision,
disrespect, disregard, mockery, ridicule, shame,
slight, discourtesy, disrepute, arrogance, defiance,
disparagement, insolence; antonyms (n) respect,
approval, 3. spot (benek, leke, nokta);
synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple,
dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck,
speckle, daub, flaw.
ayplama reflection (yansma); synonyms (n)
ayran selective (seici, semeli); synonyms (adj)
select, particular, discriminating, elective,
exclusive, choosy, finicky, discerning, judicious,
persnickety, fastidious, picky, eclectic, fussy,
astute.
ayrc trap (tuzak, yakalamak); synonyms (n)
snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose,
entanglement, ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap,
ensnare, trick, entangle, capture.
ayrma 1. isolation; synonyms (n) alienation,
estrangement, insulation, privacy, dissociation,
loneliness, seclusion, secrecy, solitude, desolation,
segregation, separation, disaffection; antonyms (n)
closeness, companionship, 2. allocation (tahsis
etme); synonyms (n) allotment, portion, allowance,
quota, share, grant, apportioning, apportionment,
appropriation, assignment, distribution, measure,
part, proportion, ration.
ayrmak 1. separate (ayr, blmek); synonyms (adj)
detached, (v) detach, divorce, part, insulate, scatter,
cut, dissociate, disconnect, discrete, discriminate,
disjoin, disperse, distinguish, divide; antonyms
(adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) unite,
merge, mix, combine, fuse, join, link, associate, 2.
appropriate (kendine mal etmek, uygun);

synonyms (adj) pertinent, proper, true, agreeable,
apposite, apt, congruous, correct, particular,
peculiar, right, (v) annex, allocate, adopt, seize;
antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable, unrelated,
untimely, wrong, (v) surrender, 3. divide
(blmek); synonyms (v) distribute, apportion,
dismember, dispense, separate, share, split, deal,
carve, disjoint, allot, class, classify, cleave, (n) break,
4. split (blmek, blnme, yarmak); synonyms
(v) crack, fracture, slit, burst, breach, division, fork,
rift, rive, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft,

parting, 5. reserve; synonyms (n) backup,
modesty, reservation, substitute, bank, cache,
diffidence, hoard, (v) keep, save, book, maintain,
appropriate, engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness,
friendliness, informality, warmth, 6. allow (izin
vermek); synonyms (v) acknowledge, accord,
agree, give, grant, permit, accede, acquiesce, accept,
afford, authorize, bear, consent, enable, (adj) admit;
antonyms (v) forbid, prohibit, deny, reject, 7.
distinguish; synonyms (v) discern, describe,
know, perceive, discover, descry, behold,
characterize, detect, difference, differentiate,
identify, recognize, see, tell; antonym (v) confuse,
8. sort (snflandrmak); synonyms (n) kind,
type, assortment, breed, description, form, rank,
variety, pattern, fashion, nature, order, (v) group,
arrange, (adj) manner, 9. choose (semek);
synonyms (v) elect, pick, prefer, select, appoint,
take, assign, decide, desire, determine, draw,
excerpt, like, vote, wish; antonym (v) refuse, 10.
abstract (zet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical,
academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, (n) synopsis,
abridgement, digest, epitome, summary,
abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj)
concrete, 11. divorce; synonyms (n) separation,
divorcement, (v) disunite, isolate, disassociate,
sever; antonyms (n) marriage, wedding, 12. part
(blm, para); synonyms (n) constituent, piece,
article, character, component, portion, section,
allotment, bit, element, factor, fragment, function,
(v) branch, depart; antonyms (n) whole, entirety,
(adj) complete, 13. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve,
slender, excess, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin,
bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, economize, excuse,
(n) extra.
aykr 1. inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous,
incoherent, incompatible, contrary, absurd,
conflicting, inconsequent, discordant, discrepant,
erratic, illogical, irreconcilable, abhorrent,
changeable, (n) contradictory; antonyms (adj)
consistent, constant, reliable, 2. contradictory;
synonyms (adj) inconsistent, antagonistic, opposite,
ironic, opposed, opposing, repugnant,
confounding, divergent, unlike, (n) disagreeing,
reverse; antonyms (adj) similar, compatible.
aykrlk contradiction; synonyms (n) antithesis,
denial, clash, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy,
inconsistency, opposite, refutation, reverse;
antonym (n) agreement.
aylak 1. idle; synonyms (adj) inactive, indolent, lazy,
free, baseless, frivolous, fruitless, groundless,
unfounded, empty, disengaged, flimsy, barren,
dead, futile; antonyms (adj) busy, active, employed,
(v) change, 2. unemployed; synonyms (adj) idle,
vacant, unexercised, (v) unoccupied; antonym (adj)
working.
Turkish - English
41
aylk 1. monthly; synonyms (adj) menstrual, mensal,
ayr 1. apart; synonyms (adv) aside, asunder, away,
periodic, (n) magazine, periodical, journal, bulletin,

paper, publication, review, weekly, quarterly, 2.
salary (maa); synonyms (n) wage, pay,
allowance, earnings, fee, income, remuneration,
payment, emolument, compensation, gain, profit,
revenue, hire, reward.
ayna 1. mirror; synonyms (n) echo, model, exemplar,
(v) glass, imitate, copy, reflect, represent,
reproduce, lens, mimic, (adj) pattern, cynosure, 2.
glass (bardak, cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle,
drink, bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, glassful, spyglass,
telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice.
aynasz 1. bull (boa); synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk,
hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe,
bunkum, cop, copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder,
2. pig (domuz); synonyms (n) hog, boar, bull,
glutton, grunter, (v) farrow, devour, gulp, guttle.
aynen 1. exactly (tam); synonyms (adv) precisely,
correctly, right, truly, sharp, absolutely, just,
accurately, certainly, closely, completely, directly,
punctually, rightly, barely; antonyms (adv)
approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about, 2.
verbal; synonyms (adj) spoken, oral, literal,
unwritten, vocal, wordy, talkative, exact, nominal,
verbarian, choral, expressed, rhetorical, said,
singing; antonym (adj) written.
ayn 1. same; synonyms (adj) alike, identical,
corresponding, equal, like, equivalent, similar,
uniform, even, consistent, matching, comparable,
duplicate, monotonous, self; antonym (adj)
different, 2. alike; synonyms (adv) equally,
likewise, (adj) analogous, cognate, likely, parallel;
antonyms (adv) differently, (adj) dissimilar, 3.
uniform (niforma); synonyms (adj) regular,
constant, steady, same, equable, homogenous,
invariable, level, unchanging, fixed, set, stable, flat,
(n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted,
inconsistent, unequal, 4. very (ok, pek, tam);
synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really,
completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually,
too, awfully, (adj) much, considerably, exact;
antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 5.
equal (eit); synonyms (adj) agree, adequate,
balanced, commensurate, coordinate, fair, (v)
match, compare, correspond, rival, equalize,
equate, fit, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj)
repressive, disproportionate, uneven, unlike, (v)
differ, 6. identical; synonyms (adj) selfsame, very,
synonymous, congruent, tantamount, twin,
indistinguishable; antonym (adj) incompatible.
aynlk identity (kimlik, zdelik); synonyms (n)
identicalness, unity, individuality, personality,
sameness, character, equality, person, similarity,
equivalence.
independently, individually, (adj) aloof, alone,

distant, separate, detached, isolated, only,
individual, loose, (v) discrete, 2. distinct;
synonyms (adj) clear, articulate, different, apparent,
definite, distinctive, palpable, decided, dissimilar,
marked, plain, tangible, clear-cut, audible, (adv)
apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, similar, unclear,
vague, inaudible, shapeless, 3. separate
(ayrmak, blmek); synonyms (adj) particular, (v)
detach, divorce, part, insulate, scatter, cut,
dissociate, disconnect, discriminate, disjoin,
disperse, distinguish, divide, isolate; antonyms (adj)
connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) unite, merge,
mix, combine, fuse, join, link, associate, 4. aside;
synonyms (adv) by, beside, alongside, off, abreast,
(n) digression, divagation, parenthesis, statement.
ayrca 1. besides; synonyms (adv) also, furthermore,
moreover, too, again, additionally, anyway, else,
therewithal, beyond, (prep) except, on, beside, (adj)
more, likewise, 2. again (bir daha, gene, tekrar,
yeniden, yine); synonyms (adv) afresh, anew,
encore, repeatedly, then, further, often, 3.
furthermore; synonyms (adv) besides, (conj) and, 4.
also (da, de); synonyms (adv) withal, equally, item,
similarly, so, 5. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv)
excessively, over, overly, extremely, unduly.
ayrcalk 1. privilege; synonyms (n) charter,
immunity, liberty, prerogative, freedom,
exemption, franchise, grant, concession, claim, due,
permit, (v) license, favor, favour, 2. franchise
(imtiyaz); synonyms (n) privilege, suffrage, vote,
absolution, dispensation, patent, release,
dealership, excuse, exoneration, 3. concession
(imtiyaz, dn); synonyms (n) admission,
compliance, allowance, compromise, discount,
agreement, conceding, yielding, acceptance,
acknowledgment, abatement, assent, confession,
consent, (v) boon.
ayrlk 1. separation (ayrlma); synonyms (n)
detachment, disjunction, disunion, division,
partition, disconnection, divorce, isolation, parting,
rift, seclusion, break, breakup, demarcation,
departure; antonyms (n) amalgamation, closeness,
connection, marriage, unification, union, unity, 2.
gap (aralk, boluk); synonyms (n) cleft, crack,
crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance,
difference, fracture, opening, vacancy, blank, chink,
disparity, (v) breach, 3. difference (fark);
synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change,
contention, controversy, disagreement, distinction,
discord, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence,
quarrel, balance, margin, (v) differentiate;
sameness, similarity, agreement, concurrence, 4.
faction; synonyms (n) cabal, crew, sect, band,
dissension, feud, group, junto, party, set, team,
42
Turkish - English
crowd, part, company, gang, 5. split (ayrmak,
blmek, blnme, yarmak); synonyms (v) cut,
slit, burst, divide, separate, cleave, fork, rive, sever,

apportion, scatter, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage;
antonyms (v) join, unite, merge.
ayrl 1. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave,
depart, deviation, divergence, parting, aberration,
digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, (v)
decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance,
2. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n) departure,
disappearance, expiration, action, (adj) running,
working.
ayrlma 1. separation (ayrlk); synonyms (n)
detachment, disjunction, disunion, division,
partition, disconnection, divorce, isolation, parting,
rift, seclusion, break, breakup, demarcation,
departure; antonyms (n) amalgamation, closeness,
connection, marriage, unification, union, unity, 2.
departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart,
deviation, divergence, aberration, digression,
going, leaving, passing, takeoff, variation, (v)
3. leaving; synonyms (n) desertion, farewell,
abandonment, departing.
ayrlmak 1. part (blm, para); synonyms (n)
constituent, piece, article, character, component,
cut, division, portion, section, share, (v) branch,
break, disjoin, divide, divorce; antonyms (n) whole,
entirety, (adj) complete, 2. divide (ayrmak,
blmek); synonyms (v) distribute, part, dissociate,
apportion, detach, disconnect, dismember,
dispense, separate, split, deal, distinguish, carve,
disjoint, allot; antonyms (v) unite, join, 3. leave
(brakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go,
abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, (n)
furlough, holiday, permission, permit, (adj) empty;
antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach,
change, come, 4. separate (ayrmak, ayr,
blmek); synonyms (adj) detached, individual,
particular, single, disjoined, (v) insulate, scatter,
discrete, discriminate, disperse, isolate, demarcate,
differentiate, disengage, dissolve; antonyms (adj)
connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) merge, mix,
combine, fuse, link, associate, 5. fork (atal);
synonyms (n) crotch, bifurcation, branching, turn,
corner, angle, forking, junction, ramification,
turning, arm, (v) diverge, bend, pitchfork, ramify,
6. split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme, yarmak);

synonyms (v) crack, fracture, slit, burst, breach,
cleave, fork, rift, rive, (n) rip, rupture, tear,
cleavage, cleft, parting.
ayrlm reserved; synonyms (adj) modest, distant,
coy, diffident, reticent, bashful, aloof, frigid, quiet,
retiring, shy, formal, humble, moderate, (n) cold;
antonyms (adj) outgoing, open, forthcoming,
relaxed, uninhibited, warm.
ayrm 1. discrimination; synonyms (n) discernment,

difference, differentiation, distinction, taste,
discretion, sense, prejudice, favoritism, acumen,
wisdom, choice, acuteness, penetration, (v)
judgment; antonym (n) tolerance, 2. difference
(fark); synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change,
contention, controversy, disagreement, discord,
discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel,
departure, balance, breach, (v) differentiate;
sameness, similarity, agreement, concurrence.
ayrnt 1. detail; synonyms (n) report, point, feature,
item, circumstance, (v) describe, enumerate, relate,
appoint, assign, cast, itemize, recite, specify, define;
antonym (n) generalization, 2. particular (zel);
synonyms (adj) special, fastidious, careful, definite,
delicate, exact, finicky, fussy, individual, detailed,
certain, choosy, circumstantial, critical, (n) detail;
antonyms (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, (n)
general, 3. circumstance; synonyms (n) affair,
state, accident, chance, event, incident, matter,
occasion, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact,
occurrence, juncture, crisis.
ayrntl 1. detailed; synonyms (adj) circumstantial,
close, careful, accurate, delicate, elaborate,
meticulous, minute, thorough, scrupulous,
complete, comprehensive, elaborated, exact,
exhaustive, 2. particular (zel); synonyms (adj)
special, fastidious, definite, finicky, fussy,
individual, detailed, certain, choosy, critical,
distinct, especial, exceptional, (n) detail, item;
antonyms (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, (n)
general, 3. elaborate; synonyms (adj) complex,
complicated, involved, fancy, intricate, ornate,
baroque, (v) develop, specify, amplify, expand,
expound, dilate, enlarge, complicate; antonyms
(adj) plain, simple, modest, 4. overall; synonyms
(adj) entire, total, whole, broad, full, inclusive,
aggregate, global, widespread, (adv) generally,
everywhere, (n) smock, boilersuit.
az 1. few; synonyms (adj) infrequent, rare, scarce,
occasional, sporadic, uncommon, erratic,
imperceptible, inconsequential, intermittent,
middling, negligible, paltry, piddling, scattered;
antonyms (n) plenty, (adj) many, countless,
innumerable, various, 2. little; synonyms (adj)
small, diminutive, insignificant, brief, minute,
petty, short, some, tiny, exiguous, light, baby,
bantam, (v) dash, bit; antonyms (adj) big, enormous,
large, important, 3. short (bodur, ksa);
synonyms (adj) concise, brusque, close, curt, sharp,
inadequate, insufficient, lacking, pithy, poor,
scanty; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 4.
spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess,
save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v)
free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup, 5. poor
Turkish - English
(fakir, fena, kt); synonyms (adj) bad, low,
miserable, deplorable, destitute, evil, needy,
pathetic, penniless, piteous, pitiful, meagre, feeble,
impecunious, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich,
wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off,
admirable, good, 6. low (alak); synonyms (adj)
contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue,
common, deep, dejected, depressed, down,
downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n)
depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, highpitched, loud, piercing, 7. seldom; synonyms (adv)
rarely, occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly,
hardly, scarcely, (adj) few; antonyms (adv)
frequently, often, 8. slender; synonyms (adj)
narrow, little, fine, lithe, delicate, faint, flimsy,
gaunt, lissom, skinny, graceful, lissome, remote, (v)
lank, scant; antonyms (adj) plump, stocky, fat, wide.
aza 1. limb; synonyms (n) arm, bough, branch,
member, extremity, offshoot, part, edge, wing,
gavelock, handspike, jemmy, jimmy, 2. member
(ye); synonyms (n) limb, supporter, phallus,
portion, appendage, employee, fellow, section,
constituent, division, element, follower, associate,
link, organ.
azade free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr, serbest,
serbest brakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank,
liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse,
extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver,
disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted,
compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive,
secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v)
confine, block, cage.
azalma decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline,
cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge,
diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay,
detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v)
increase, rise, grow, intensify.
azalmak 1. decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n)
decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen,
abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane,
contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth,
extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify, 2.
decline; synonyms (n) declension, decrease, dip,
declination, descent, deterioration, (v) drop, reject,
ebb, fail, refuse, sink, deny, deteriorate, (adj) fade;
antonyms (n) improvement, recovery,
development, rebirth, (v) accept, flourish, improve,
3. sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v)
droop, set, descend, fell, bury, collapse, flag,
founder, settle, subside, languish, (adj) immerse,
bog; antonym (v) float.
azaltma reduction; synonyms (n) contraction,
decrease, decrement, diminution, rebate, cut,
cutback, decline, depreciation, discount, drop,
lessening, reducing, deduction, degradation;
antonyms (n) increase, growth, intensification,
43
strengthening, expansion, extension, restoration,

rise.
azaltmak 1. decrease; synonyms (n) decline, cut,
cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge,
increase, rise, grow, intensify, 2. dock; synonyms
(n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor, pier, quay, sorrel,
wharf, marina, dockage, jetty, (v) clip, pare,
deprive, land; antonym (v) undock, 3. reduce;
synonyms (v) abbreviate, debase, condense,
shorten, concentrate, compress, conquer, decrease,
dilute, deflate, enfeeble, abase, overcome, demote,
(adj) degrade; antonyms (v) bolster, expand, enlarge,
exacerbate.
azamet pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance,
boast, conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness,
vanity, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur,
triumph, presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms
(n) humility, modesty.
azametli 1. imposing; synonyms (v) impressive, (adj)
grand, dignified, noble, grandiose, stately,
distinguished, baronial, lofty, regal, awesome,
exalted, (n) commanding, solemn, grave; antonym
(adj) humble, 2. proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj)
arrogant, disdainful, haughty, conceited,
egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic, overbearing,
pompous, imperious, elated, magnificent,
presumptuous, sublime; antonyms (adj) modest,
ashamed, embarrassed.
azami maximum (maksimum); synonyms (adj)
extreme, maximal, top, greatest, highest, supreme,
ultimate, (n) limit, utmost, height, most,
culmination, record, climax, peak; antonyms (adj)
least, (n) minimum.
azap pain (ar); synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother,
ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v)
azarlama lecture; synonyms (n) address, discourse,
harangue, reprimand, speech, talk, oration,
censure, declaim, homily, (v) rebuke, sermon, chide,
preach, instruct.
azarlamak 1. blame (sulamak); synonyms (v)
accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand, charge,
reproach, chide, fault, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack,
rap, onus, accusation, allegation; antonyms (v)
pardon, absolve, praise, 2. lecture; synonyms (n)
address, discourse, harangue, speech, talk, oration,
declaim, homily, lesson, reproof, delivery, (v)
sermon, preach, instruct, scold.
azat liberation; synonyms (n) release, emancipation,
freedom, deliverance, dismissal, rescue, delivery,
freeing, relief, salvation, enfranchisement, (v)
discharge, acquittal, dismission, acquittance.
azgn 1. furious; synonyms (adj) angry, fierce, violent,
enraged, ferocious, frantic, vehement, wild,
44
Turkish - English
boisterous, frenzied, infuriated, raging, rampant,
desperate, angered; antonym (adj) calm, 2. wild;
synonyms (adj) desert, waste, reckless, desolate,
furious, rude, stormy, untamed, giddy, barbarous,
rough, vicious, wanton, barbarian, barbaric;
antonyms (adj) orderly, domestic, manageable,
sane, cultivated, restrained, tame.
azim 1. determination (belirleme, saptama);

synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition,
resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will,
appointment, assessment, constancy, courage,
firmness, fortitude, (v) award; antonyms (n)
indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness,
2. resolution; synonyms (n) determination,
answer, purpose, solution, decomposition, analysis,
dissolution, perseverance, resoluteness, settlement,
dissection, ruling, judgment, conversion,
explanation.
azimli 1. decisive; synonyms (adj) conclusive, critical,
crucial, decided, definite, final, important, positive,
authoritative, convincing, definitive, determined,
(v) absolute, categorical, determinate; antonyms
(adj) indecisive, uncertain, unsure, weak, 2.
determined; synonyms (adj) constant, resolute,
certain, decisive, inflexible, resolved, stubborn,
ambitious, adamant, bold, firm, obstinate, set,
tenacious, unyielding; antonyms (adj) irresolute,
feeble, unmotivated, 3. resolved; synonyms (adj)
fixed, intent, solved, bent, clear.
aznlk minority; synonyms (n) nonage, infancy,
adolescence, inferiority, subordinacy, teens,
childhood, faction, youth, (adj) few.
aztmak lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop,
forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress,
retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste,
escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get,
obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep,
succeed.
aziz 1. dear (sevgili); synonyms (adj) beloved, close,
costly, expensive, lovely, precious, near, adorable,
affectionate, cherished, familiar, high, (n) darling,
love, honey; antonyms (adj) cheap, worthless, 2.
saint; synonyms (n) angel, apostle, apotheosis,
disciple, evangelist, ideal, nonesuch, nonpareil,
nonsuch, paragon, (v) canonize, enshrine.
azma heat (s); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer,
warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn,
anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion;
antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool.
azot nitrogen; synonyms (n) n, newton, normality,
north.
det 1. habit; synonyms (n) custom, clothing, attire,

character, convention, dress, garb, practice, ritual,
use, addiction, clothes, disposition, apparel,

constitution, 2. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n)
tradition, habit, usage, fashion, impost, method,
observance, order, rite, rule, tax, usance, (v)
accustom, trade, (adj) bespoke, 3. way (yol);
synonyms (n) course, path, passage, road, route,
track, direction, form, manner, means, style, mode,
pathway, approach, bearing.
B
baba 1. father; synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire,
creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre,
patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create,
generate; antonym (n) mother, 2. dad; synonyms
(n) father, daddy, papa, pappa, pater, pop,
paterfamilias, divinity, elder, idol, popping, soda,
tonic, 3. daddy; synonyms (n) boyfriend, fellow,
man, 4. governor (patron, vali); synonyms (n)
director, chief, manager, regulator, administrator,
controller, ruler, superintendent, leader, executive,
head, master, official, protector, warden, 5. pop;
synonyms (n) pa, bang, shot, click, (v) burst, crack,
shoot, protrude, pawn, appear, place, snap, bulge,
(adj) popular, (adv) plump.
babacm dad (baba); synonyms (n) father, daddy,
papa, pappa, pater, pop, sire, paterfamilias,
divinity, elder, idol, popping, soda, tonic.
baca 1. chimney; synonyms (n) stack, flue, shaft,
smokestack, vent, gully, main, nostril, nozzle, tap,
throat, trachea, weasand, aperture, escape, 2. stack
(yn, ymak); synonyms (n) pile, accumulation,
mound, rick, mass, bunch, bundle, hill, mountain,
shock, (v) heap, load, lot, pack, store.
bacak 1. leg; synonyms (n) stage, blackleg, branch,
peg, post, arm, column, limb, member, phase, rook,
shank, support, fork, 2. pin (ine); synonyms (n)
needle, nail, clip, axle, brooch, broach, nog, bolt,
button, leg, (v) tack, clasp, fix, fasten, stick.
balamak link (ba, balamak, balant);

synonyms (n) connection, join, joint, bond,
concatenation, (v) combine, tie, connect, couple,
associate, attach, bridge, fasten, relate, yoke;
antonym (v) separate.
balant link (ba, balamak, balant);

synonyms (n) connection, join, joint, bond,
concatenation, (v) combine, tie, connect, couple,
associate, attach, bridge, fasten, relate, yoke;
antonym (v) separate.
ba 1. bond (bono); synonyms (n) association, tie,
alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail,
connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band,
adhere, 2. link (balamak, balant); synonyms
(n) join, bond, concatenation, contact, (v) combine,
connect, couple, associate, attach, bridge, fasten,
relate, yoke, fix, (adj) correlation; antonym (v)
Turkish - English
separate, 3. connection (balant); synonyms (n)
communication, bearing, affiliation, conjunction,
knot, combination, affinity, coherence, coupling,
intercourse, acquaintance, concern, connectedness,
connecter, connective; antonym (n) disconnection,
4. lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon,
trimming, (v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, rope,
tat, knit, mesh, plait, (adj) string, 5. tie (balamak,
kravat); synonyms (n) draw, lace, relationship,
sleeper, strap, cord, deadlock, fastening, crosstie, (v)
leash, marry, tether, equal, hitch, ligature;
antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo, 6. string
(dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row,
strand, twine, range, filament, rank, series, thread,
sequence, fiber, procession, (v) run, (adj) line.
bagaj 1. luggage; synonyms (n) baggage, bag, gear,
thing, goods, stuff, pack, suitcase, things, case, 2.
boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain,
kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill.
back lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon,
(v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, bind, rope, tie,
knot, tat, knit, (adj) string.
badamak square (kare); synonyms (adj) right,
even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n)
area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle,
agree, correspond, (adv) just.
badamamak conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat,
(n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree.
badatrmak accommodate; synonyms (v) adapt,
adjust, fit, oblige, contain, fashion, hold, lodge,
provide, quarter, reconcile, supply, harmonise,
admit, (adj) suit; antonym (v) evict.
bal relative (greli); synonyms (adj) related,
comparative, proportionate, proportional,
dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother,
connection, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman;
antonym (adj) absolute.
baml dependent; synonyms (adj) subject,
subordinate, contingent, addicted, tributary,
relative, secondary, (n) dependant, charge,
adjective, attendant, follower, servant, slave,
vassal; antonyms (adj) independent, self-governing,
self-sufficient.
bamllk 1. dependence; synonyms (n) belief,
confidence, reliance, addiction, dependance,
dependency, faith, credence, hope, trust, habit, (adj)
contingency; antonyms (n) independence, selfgovernment, self-sufficiency, 2. dependency;
synonyms (n) dependence, colony, relationship,
settlement.
bamsz 1. independent; synonyms (adj) free,
autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial,
nonpartisan, sovereign, unallied, self-sufficient,
45
detached, distinct, individual, (n) freelance,

mugwump, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) dependent,
simultaneous, 2. free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr,
serbest, serbest brakmak); synonyms (adj) loose,
frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge,
excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit,
deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound,
restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned,
repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached,
busy, (v) confine, block, cage.
bamszlk 1. independence; synonyms (n)
autonomy, freedom, liberty, independency,
individuality, latitude, detachment, neutrality,
sovereignty, inconsequence; antonyms (n)
dependence, childhood, 2. freedom (zgrlk);
synonyms (n) exemption, deliverance, discharge,
emancipation, immunity, release, escape, ease,
relief, right, scope, familiarity, enfranchisement,
(adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n)
imprisonment, restriction, captivity, restraint,
suppression, 3. sovereignty; synonyms (n)
kingdom, reign, empire, dominion, independence,
power, realm, rule, majesty, monarchy, control,
supremacy, sceptre, ascendancy, command.
bant 1. relation (iliki); synonyms (n) connection,
account, narration, recital, affinity, association,
description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond,
narrative, reference, (v) report, 2. correlation;
synonyms (n) relationship, correspondence,
correlativity, interrelation, link, comparison,
equivalence, similarity, (adj) mutuality.
bantl relative (greli); synonyms (adj) related,
baran screaming; synonyms (adj) garish, loud,
uproarious, showy, gaudy, noisy, amusing, blatant,
conspicuous, tawdry, (n) scream, screech,
screeching, shriek, shrieking; antonym (adj) low.
bar shout (barmak); synonyms (v) cry, clamor,
scream, bellow, bawl, exclaim, hollo, howl, (n) call,
roar, yell, cheer, halloo, outcry, screech; antonym
(v) whisper.
barma shout (barmak); synonyms (v) cry,
clamor, scream, bellow, bawl, exclaim, hollo, howl,
(n) call, roar, yell, cheer, halloo, outcry, screech;
antonym (v) whisper.
barmak 1. shout; synonyms (v) cry, clamor, scream,
bellow, bawl, exclaim, hollo, howl, (n) call, roar,
yell, cheer, halloo, outcry, screech; antonym (v)
whisper, 2. cry (alamak, feryat); synonyms (n)
shout, bark, bay, crying, buzz, exclamation, groan,
hearsay, noise, (v) shriek, weep, moan, yelp, yowl,
holler; antonym (v) laugh, 3. call (armak,
ar); synonyms (v) name, bid, summon, address,
baptize, cite, dub, entitle, invite, style, (n) appeal,
46
Turkish - English
appoint, command, demand, request; antonym (v)

dismiss.
barsak gut; synonyms (n) belly, abdomen, bowel,
catgut, (v) eviscerate, pillage, ransack, despoil,
spoil, loot, sack, plunder, disembowel, ravage, (adj)
internal.
ba 1. donation; synonyms (n) contribution, gift,
benefaction, present, award, endowment, grant,
charity, dole, gratuity, presentation, (v) boon,
bounty, bestowal, bestowment, 2. grant
(vermek); synonyms (n) concession, donation,
permit, allowance, (v) give, allow, bestow, admit,
afford, concede, confer, acknowledge, accord, cede,
(adj) deliver; antonyms (v) deny, reject, 3. offering;
synonyms (v) favor, (n) oblation, offer, reward,
tribute, victim, worship, exhibition, 4. gift
(armaan, hediye); synonyms (n) faculty, flair,
capacity, dower, aptitude, bent, dowry, bonus,
capability, (v) donate, endow, (adj) ability, talent,
cleverness, generosity; antonym (n) inability, 5.
contribution; synonyms (n) offering, share, tax,
effort, dues, investment, part, participation,
payment.
bak immune; synonyms (adj) exempt, free,
impervious, resistant, sacred, secure, privileged,
allowed, excused, favored, insubordinate,
irresponsible, licensed, repellent, resistive.
baklk immunity; synonyms (n) exemption,
freedom, franchise, dispensation, privilege,
exception, invulnerability, liberty, release,
resistance, safety, security; antonym (n)
vulnerability.
balama pardon (af, affetmek); synonyms (n)
amnesty, forgiveness, (v) absolve, condone, excuse,
forgive, justify, acquit, exonerate, spare, absolution,
acquittal, discharge, (adj) exculpate, clear; antonym
(v) blame.
balamak 1. excuse (affetmek, bahane, zr);

synonyms (n) apology, alibi, evasion, palliate,
pretext, color, (v) pardon, absolve, acquit, condone,
exculpate, forgive, justify, apologise, apologize;
antonym (v) punish, 2. forgive (affetmek);
synonyms (v) excuse, remit, exonerate, clear,
overlook, 3. pardon (af, affetmek); synonyms (n)
amnesty, forgiveness, grace, remission, reprieve, (v)
spare, absolution, acquittal, discharge, pity, release,
explain; antonym (v) blame, 4. grant (vermek);
synonyms (n) concession, donation, permit, (v) give,
allow, award, bestow, admit, afford, concede,
confer, gift, acknowledge, accord, boon; antonyms
(v) deny, reject.
balam context; synonyms (n) circumstance,
environment, setting, surroundings, background,
atmosphere, note, page, backdrop, condition,
milieu, case, ambiance, meaning, perspective.
balamak 1. tie (kravat); synonyms (n) band,
connection, draw, lace, association, relationship,
sleeper, (v) link, bond, attach, bind, join, knot,

connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie,
undo, 2. link (ba, balant); synonyms (n) joint,
concatenation, attachment, contact, liaison, (v)
combine, tie, couple, associate, bridge, relate, yoke,
fix, interconnect, (adj) correlation; antonym (v)
separate, 3. join (birlemek, birletirmek);
synonyms (v) unite, graft, assemble, affiliate, meet,
affix, annex, conjoin, converge, enroll, integrate,
knit, mix, pair, splice; antonyms (v) detach, secede,
split, 4. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign,
determine, settle, define, anchor, adjust, arrange,
set, clamp, do, castrate, (n) state, (adj) ascertain,
confirm; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 5. couple
(ift); synonyms (n) brace, duo, dyad, twosome,
couplet, deuce, duad, duet, (v) copulate, match,
mate, wed, add, hitch, (adj) hook; antonym (v)
uncouple.
balant 1. link (ba, balamak); synonyms (n)
connection, join, joint, bond, concatenation, (v)
combine, tie, connect, couple, associate, attach,
bridge, fasten, relate, yoke; antonym (v) separate, 2.
connection (ba); synonyms (n) communication,
attachment, bearing, affiliation, alliance,
association, conjunction, knot, link, combination,
affinity, coherence, coupling, intercourse,
acquaintance; antonym (n) disconnection, 3.
commitment; synonyms (n) dedication, charge,
allegiance, appointment, committal, devotion,
loyalty, promise, commission, confinement,
consignment, contract, debt, duty, engagement, 4.
communication (iletiim); synonyms (n)
announcement, commerce, communicating,
contact, conversation, discourse, epistle, letter,
message, news, notice, report, tidings, word,
expression, 5. attachment; synonyms (n) affection,
appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, regard,
appendage, fitting, fondness, liking, love, annex,
addendum, fastener, tenderness; antonym (n)
detachment, 6. contact (temas); synonyms (n)
touch, collision, impact, tangency, interaction,
juxtaposition, access, connexion, (v) call, meet,
adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, abut, 7. tie
(balamak, kravat); synonyms (n) band, draw,
lace, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, cord,
deadlock, fastening, crosstie, (v) bind, leash, marry,
tether; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo.
balak allied (mttefik); synonyms (adj) akin,
related, confederate, cognate, connected, united,
joined, associated, confederative, kindred, linked,
near, relative; antonyms (adj) rival, unrelated.
balayc binding; synonyms (adj) necessary,
obligatory, valid, mandatory, compulsory,
effectual, requisite, (n) cover, band, dressing, bond,
covering, wrapping, back, bandaging.
bal 1. attached; synonyms (adj) connected,
affectionate, affiliated, committed, associated,
Turkish - English
devoted, fond, loving, loyal, near; antonyms (adj)
detached, separate, unmarried, 2. devoted;
synonyms (adj) addicted, ardent, consecrated,
constant, faithful, pious, dutiful, eager,
enthusiastic, keen, passionate, reliable, religious,
zealous, (prep) dedicated; antonyms (adj)
uncommitted, disloyal, indifferent, 3. bound;
synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit,
circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring,
jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop;
antonym (adj) free, 4. connected; synonyms (v)
related, (adj) allied, attached, linked; antonyms (adj)
unconnected, unrelated, 5. consequent;
synonyms (adj) ensuing, following, resultant,
resulting, sequent, attendant, consequential, next,
succeeding, successive, (v) subsequent, 6. faithful;
synonyms (adj) authentic, correct, close, exact,
dependable, sound, true, unfailing, devout, fast,
honest, literal, responsible, steadfast, (n) accurate;
antonyms (adj) false, inaccurate, unfaithful,
unreliable, 7. dependent (baml); synonyms
(adj) subject, subordinate, contingent, tributary,
relative, secondary, helpless, (n) dependant, charge,
adjective, follower, servant, slave, vassal, client;
antonyms (adj) independent, self-governing, selfsufficient, 8. subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n)
matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue,
motif, question, point, area, content, discipline,
field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated.
ballk 1. devotion; synonyms (n) adoration,
allegiance, attachment, dedication, loyalty, passion,
worship, affection, consecration, constancy,
devotedness, enthusiasm, fondness, love, (adj)
veneration; antonyms (n) indifference, disloyalty,
2. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix, accessory,
addition, adherence, regard, appendage,
association, bond, connection, devotion, fitting,
liking, link, tie, annex; antonym (n) detachment, 3.
faith (gven); synonyms (n) confidence, belief,
conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed,
cult, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, piety,
reliance; antonym (n) unbelief, 4. dependence
(bamllk); synonyms (n) addiction, dependance,
dependency, faith, habit, (adj) contingency;
antonyms (n) independence, self-government, selfsufficiency.
bahane 1. excuse (affetmek, balamak, zr);

antonym (v) punish, 2. cover (rtmek); synonyms
(v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket,
screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid,
mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover,
3. cloak; synonyms (n) veil, cape, masquerade,
pall, curtain, guise, (v) cover, wrap, dissemble, hide,
disguise, drape, envelop, mantle, shroud; antonym
47
(v) disclose, 4. shift; synonyms (n) interchange,

turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change,
exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert,
displace, transfer, fluctuate, 5. plea; synonyms (n)
defense, justification, answer, appeal, petition,
claim, allegation, call, entreaty, excuse, prayer,
argument, advocacy, explanation, demand.
bahar spring (ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap,
bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop,
caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic.
bahe garden; synonyms (n) field, bed, orchard,
grounds, park, patch, plaisance, plot, garth, lawn,
backyard, court, (v) farm, cultivate, (adj)
commonplace.
bahvan gardener; synonyms (n) horticulturist,
nurseryman, farmer, husbandman.
bahis bet; synonyms (v) gamble, play, lay, risk,
venture, (n) wager, stake, stakes.
bahsetmek mention; synonyms (v) cite, name, hint,
comment, allusion, citation, remark, call, reference.
bahetmek grant (vermek); synonyms (n)
concession, donation, permit, (v) give, allow,
award, bestow, admit, afford, concede, confer, gift,
acknowledge, accord, boon; antonyms (v) deny,
reject.
bahi tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, peak,
point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity,
(v) incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant.
baht 1. luck; synonyms (n) chance, fortune, accident,
destiny, fate, hazard, lot, advantage, hap, portion,
coincidence, circumstances; antonym (n)
misfortune, 2. fortune; synonyms (n) estate, fluke,
luck, means, abundance, assets, doom, riches,
wealth, blessing, substance, affluence, prosperity,
treasure, capital.
bahtiyar happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj)
fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant,
content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree,
cheerful, cheery, (n) auspicious, blessed; antonyms
(adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable,
sorrowful.
bahtsz unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious,
poor, sad, bad, disastrous, hapless, inopportune,
adverse, calamitous, deplorable, infelicitous,
lamentable, unlucky, untoward, ill; antonyms (adj)
fortunate, lucky.
bakan 1. minister; synonyms (n) pastor, envoy,
priest, deputy, divine, ambassador, churchman,
clergyman, cleric, curate, ecclesiastic, agent,
messenger, (v) supply, administer, 2. secretary
(sekreter); synonyms (n) clerk, escritoire, minister,
desk, secretaire, bailiff, factor, repository, (v)
amanuensis, scribe, writer, scrivener.
bakanlk 1. office (bro, ofis); synonyms (n) charge,
agency, duty, function, position, commission,
48
Turkish - English
appointment, division, authority, berth, bureau,

job, part, place, post, 2. department (blm);
synonyms (n) compartment, area, class, faculty,
section, arm, branch, domain, field, line, office,
realm, subject, service, district, 3. ministry;
synonyms (n) cabinet, government, clergy,
ministration, administration, clericals, prelacy,
presbytery, aid, bureaucracy, channel, (v)
attendance, attendants, attention, (adj) abandoned,
4. portfolio (portfy); synonyms (n) briefcase,
album, file, bandolier, budget, chair, book, quiver.
bakc keeper; synonyms (n) custodian, curator,
guardian, guard, warden, warder, caretaker,
owner, protector, steward, watchman, custos.
bakm 1. maintenance; synonyms (n) livelihood,
alimony, care, keep, living, sustenance, charge,
conservation, continuation, custody, preservation,
service, support, sustainment, sustentation;
antonym (n) end, 2. care; synonyms (n) attention,
bother, caution, concern, aid, apprehension,
maintenance, worry, attendance, affection,
attentiveness, burden, fear, (v) anxiety, administer;
antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness,
thoughtlessness, (v) neglect, disregard, 3.
attendance; synonyms (n) presence, attending,
audience, turnout, hearing, tendance, attendancy,
bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment, assemblage,
assembly, congregation, draw; antonyms (n)
absence, nonattendance, 4. charge; synonyms (n)
accusation, command, commission, bill, tax,
accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load,
arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request,
absolve, retreat, 5. attention (dikkat); synonyms
(n) mind, alertness, consideration, heed, notice,
concentration, deliberation, diligence, ear, nursing,
observation, precision, regard, thought, vigilance;
antonym (n) inattention.
bakir virgin (bakire); synonyms (adj) pure, vestal,
chaste, innocent, new, fresh, intact, untouched,
unmixed, virginal, virtuous, unmarried, (n) maiden,
maid, girl.
bakr copper; synonyms (n) bronze, bull, cop, fuzz,
gold, pig, cent, coin, ingot, nugget, cuprum, brown,
copperplate, auburn, blur.
bakire virgin; synonyms (adj) pure, vestal, chaste,
innocent, new, fresh, intact, untouched, unmixed,
virginal, virtuous, unmarried, (n) maiden, maid,
girl.
bak 1. look (bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear,
expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance,
aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise,
view, 2. view (bakmak, grnm, manzara);
synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment, opinion, scene,
idea, outlook, prospect, thought, notion, (v) regard,
observe, see, consider, eye, 3. regard (bakmak);
synonyms (v) attention, concern, estimate, heed,
account, believe, count, hold, reckon, (n) notice,
respect, esteem, deference, note, value; antonym (n)

disrespect, 4. eye (gz); synonyms (n) optic,
peeper, ring, center, centre, oculus, (v) behold, stare,
watch, glimpse, examine, eyeball.
bakm symmetry (simetri); synonyms (n) balance,
proportion, order, correspondence, equilibrium,
regularity, consistency, harmony, coextension,
composition, counterbalance, equality, equipoise,
parity, symmetricalness; antonyms (n) asymmetry,
disproportion, irregularity.
bakiye 1. remainder (artk, kalan); synonyms (n)
excess, leftover, remain, remnant, end, overplus,
residue, balance, oddment, rest, leftovers, relic,
remains, remnants, residual, 2. balance (denge,
dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry,
remainder, account, complement, counterpoise,
credit, equality, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset,
compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n)
imbalance, (v) unbalance, 3. rest (dinlenme);
synonyms (n) repose, pause, recess, relaxation,
leisure, break, quiet, respite, halt, (v) nap, sleep,
ease, lie, perch, abide; antonym (v) work.
bakliyat pulse; synonyms (n) beat, impulse,
pulsation, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding,
cadence, measure, pulsing, (v) pulsate, throb,
palpitate, pound, vibrate.
bakma 1. look (bak, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem,
appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze,
appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression,
glance, guise, view, 2. attendance; synonyms (n)
presence, attending, audience, turnout, hearing,
tendance, attendancy, bodyguard, crowd, gallery,
tendment, assemblage, assembly, congregation,
draw; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance.
bakmak 1. look (bak); synonyms (v) seem, appear,
expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance,
aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise,
view, 2. view (bak, grnm, manzara);
idea, outlook, prospect, thought, notion, (v) regard,
observe, see, consider, eye, 3. maintain
(korumak); synonyms (v) continue, justify, affirm,
allege, assert, aver, conserve, declare, defend,
guard, hold, keep, preserve, bear, insist; antonyms
(v) deny, change, 4. watch (seyretmek);
synonyms (v) clock, wake, care, protect, check,
follow, mind, (n) sentinel, sentry, surveillance,
lookout, patrol, timepiece, vigil, (adj) vigilance, 5.
regard; synonyms (v) attention, concern, estimate,
heed, account, believe, count, reckon, appreciate,
(n) notice, respect, esteem, deference, note, value;
antonym (n) disrespect, 6. refer (bavurmak);
synonyms (v) allude, apply, pertain, submit,
deliver, commend, advert, impute, name, relate,
invoke, adduce, ascribe, attribute, consign, 7.
attend; synonyms (v) accompany, assist, escort,
serve, aid, conduct, hear, help, listen, minister,
Turkish - English
remain, consort, (n) tend, doctor, nurse, 8. face
(ehre, surat, yz); synonyms (n) side, top,
exterior, facade, surface, boldness, brass, (v)
confront, audacity, veneer, visage, affront, breast,
defy, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 9. see
(anlamak, grmek); synonyms (v) feel, discover,
behold, deem, discern, distinguish, know,
recognize, apprehend, ascertain, catch, envision,
find, inspect, (adj) perceive, 10. nurse (hemire);
synonyms (n) nurture, amah, nanny, (v) nourish,
cherish, entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle,
cultivate, raise, breastfeed, feed, harbour, 11.
mind (akl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head,
inclination, intelligence, psyche, mentality,
conscience, belief, brains, heart, judgement,
memory, (v) beware, mark; antonym (v) forget, 12.
survey; synonyms (n) poll, review, measurement,
inspection, digest, examination, inquiry,
observation, (v) study, measure, appraise, canvass,
assess, evaluate, examine; antonym (v) neglect, 13.
tend; synonyms (v) incline, lead, lean, contribute,
run, go, gravitate, carry, conduce, verge, watch,
slant, breed, manage, maintain, 14. support
(dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n)
stand, comfort, maintenance, patronage,
endorsement, pillar, (v) prop, brace, encourage,
boost, confirm, corroborate, favor, lift, promote;
antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, undermine,
abandon, reject, weaken.
bal honey; synonyms (n) darling, dear, beloved, love,
sweetheart, dearest, duck, baby, molasses, sugar,
flame, (v) sweeten.
balans balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms
(n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account,
complement, counterpoise, credit, (v)
counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate,
contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v)
unbalance.
balk clay (kil); synonyms (n) soil, remains, pottery,
dirt, dust, loam, mud, ashes, cadaver, (adj) earthen.
baldr calf (dana); synonyms (n) calfskin, sura, colt,
foal, kitten, pup, shorthorn, kid, cow, doodle,
dullard, foetus, loon, lout, lown.
bale ballet; synonyms (n) choreography, afterpiece,
burlesque, burletta, comedietta, comedy,
divertissement, drama, exode, extravaganza, farce,
harlequinade, interlude, opera, pantomime.
balk fish; synonyms (n) bird, insect, mollusk,
shellfish, worm, amphibian, beginner, blacktail, (v)
angle, seek, hunt, pursue, grope, rummage, beg.
balk fisher; synonyms (n) fisherman, pekan.
balklk fishing; synonyms (n) fishery, expiscation,
halieutics, piscation, rodding, sportfishing, (adj)
halieutic, (v) angling, coursing, hawking, hunting,
shooting.
49
balkon balcony; synonyms (n) loggia, porch,

veranda, arch, terrace, eaves, portico, balcon,
cupola, deck, dome, portal, stomach, balustrade,
catwalk.
balo 1. ball (top); synonyms (n) bulb, globe, shot,
shell, bead, baseball, bullet, dance, football, lump,
orb, party, pellet, projectile, sphere, 2. dance
(dans, dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, (v)
bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, play, jump, shake,
skip, step, beat, dandle, prance, ramp.
balon balloon; synonyms (n) bubble, (v) ball, inflate,
billow, bloat, bulge, distend, soar, swell, fly,
expand, increase; antonym (v) deflate.
balta axe; synonyms (n) knife, blade, (v) ax, chop,
abort, destroy.
baltalamak undermine; synonyms (v) subvert,
weaken, mine, cave, damage, sabotage, break,
impair, burrow, counteract, countermine, (n)
overthrow, (adj) sap, dig, delve; antonyms (v)
strengthen, bolster.
bana me; synonym (n) myself.
bando band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set,
swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang,
knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine.
bank bench; synonyms (n) settle, chair, court, terrace,
workbench, bank, bar, judicatory, board, couch,
form, judiciary, table, tribunal.
banka bank; synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope, store,
limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v)
embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely;
antonym (v) withdraw.
bankaclk banking; synonyms (n) finance, (adj)
financial.
banker banker; synonyms (n) cashier, cambist, teller,
investor, capitalist, dealer, financier, goldsmith,
moneyer, usurer, backer, broker, croupier, house,
manager.
banket shoulder (omuz); synonyms (n) elbow, back,
(v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, support, sustain,
assume, accept, shove, take, thrust, undertake.
banknot note (not, not etmek); synonyms (n)
comment, mention, remark, annotation, heed,
indication, mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle,
(v) notice, mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore.
banko bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope,
store, limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v)
bant 1. band; synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe,
circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot,
lace, strap, (v) ring, combine, 2. tape; synonyms (n)
band, ribbon, strip, rope, cassette, seal, (v) record,
videotape, video, 3. strip; synonyms (n) slip, (v)
deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle,
denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare,
bereave; antonyms (v) dress, decorate.
50
Turkish - English
banyo 1. bath; synonyms (n) wash, bathroom, tank,
bar pacific; synonyms (adj) calm, conciliatory,
bathtub, dip, tub, (v) bathe, immersion, affusion,

balneation, clean, 2. bathroom (Tuvalet);
synonyms (n) bath, lavatory, can, lav, privy, toilet,
arse, ass, backside, basin, behind, bottom, bum,
buns, butt.
bar 1. bar (ubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band,
stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude,
obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v)
permit, allow, 2. saloon; synonyms (n) bar,
barroom, pothouse, inn, sedan, taphouse, taproom,
tavern, ginmill, 3. pub; synonyms (n) saloon,
lounge, drinkery, gashouse.
bara bus (otobs); synonyms (n) automobile,
autobus, car, coach, vehicle, busbar, charabanc,
motorbus, omnibus.
baraka shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult,
scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit,
fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth.
bardak glass (cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle,
telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice.
barnak 1. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary,
shelter, haven, home, institution, madhouse,
retreat, cover, harbor, protection, 2. refuge
(snak); synonyms (n) asylum, resort, safety,
hideaway, hideout, covert, fort, resource, security,
guard, (v) recourse, haunt, 3. harbour (liman);
synonyms (n) seaport, (v) entertain, contain, bear,
hold, nurse, shield, 4. sanctuary; synonyms (n)
shrine, reservation, chancel, church, port, temple,
altar, bema, 5. shelter; synonyms (n) protect, hut,
shade, lee, lodge, burrow, lodging, shadow, (v)
screen, defend, hide, keep, conceal, preserve, (adj)
defense; antonym (v) expose.
barndrmak 1. harbour (liman); synonyms (n)
haven, seaport, (v) harbor, entertain, contain, bear,
hold, nurse, shield, 2. house (ev, mesken);
synonyms (n) family, home, dwelling, firm, abode,
domicile, building, edifice, habitation, housing,
establishment, structure, ancestry, (v)
accommodate, lodge, 3. shelter; synonyms (n)
guard, refuge, asylum, protect, protection,
sanctuary, security, hut, covert, shade, (v) cover,
screen, defend, hide, (adj) defense; antonym (v)
expose.
bar 1. peace (huzur); synonyms (n) calm, harmony,
serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement, amity,
accord, composure, concord, coolness, heartsease,
order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise, chaos,
conflict, uproar, commotion, 2. reconciliation;
synonyms (n) accommodation, adjustment,
rapprochement, appeasement, pacification,
reconcilement, mediation, atonement, balancing, (v)
peace.
gentle, mild, moderate, peaceable, peaceful, bland,

meek, easy, quiet, sober, still, tranquil.
barma reconciliation; synonyms (n)
accommodation, adjustment, agreement,
rapprochement, appeasement, harmony,
pacification, reconcilement, accord, mediation,
atonement, balancing, (v) concord, peace.
barsever peaceful; synonyms (adj) calm, gentle,
peaceable, quiet, even, meek, peace, placid, silent,
amicable, composed, halcyon, mild, serene,
tranquil; antonyms (adj) aggressive, noisy, tense,
violent.
bariyer barrier (engel); synonyms (n) barricade, bar,
bulwark, dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction,
rampart, restraint, block, boundary, fence,
hindrance, impediment, obstacle.
baro bar (bar, ubuk); synonyms (n) barricade,
band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt,
exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose;
antonyms (v) permit, allow.
barok baroque; synonyms (n) baroqueness, (adj)
ornate, elaborate, rococo, outlandish, strange,
fancy, quaint, barocco, churrigueresco,
churrigueresque, flamboyant, florid, flowery,
gaudy; antonym (adj) plain.
barut powder (toz); synonyms (n) dust, gunpowder,
explosive, (v) grind, crush, pound, pulverise,
pulverize, sprinkle, bespangle.
bas bass; synonyms (adj) deep, low, resonant, rich,
sonorous, abstruse, booming, rumbling, cryptic, (n)
basso, tenor, trout, violoncello, (adv)
accompaniment, second.
ba 1. head (kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front,
point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive,
chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead; antonyms (n)
end, subordinate, (v) follow, 2. chief (ana);
synonyms (adj) head, principal, cardinal, arch,
central, essential, first, main, primary, sovereign, (n)
administrator, leader, paramount, superior, top;
antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 3.
master (ana); synonyms (n) instructor, gentleman,
authority, employer, headmaster, maestro, (v)
conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj)
original, ace, expert, proficient, 4. first (birinci,
ilk); synonyms (adv) foremost, before, rather, early,
(adj) best, beginning, primitive, former, forward,
initial, leading, maiden, opening, preliminary, (n)
commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, 5.
leader (lider); synonyms (n) guide, director,
commander, conductor, hero, general, chairman,
guru, elder, governor, officer, official, skipper,
manager, mastermind; antonyms (n) follower,
straggler, 6. grand (byk); synonyms (adj)
excellent, gorgeous, dignified, elevated, eminent,
exalted, important, majestic, superb, beautiful,
high, massive, (n) glorious, noble, (v) great;
Turkish - English
antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 7.
bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn,
curvature, (v) bend, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch,
incline, kowtow, crook, defer, kneel, 8. prime;
synonyms (adj) fundamental, exquisite, overriding,
premier, grand, (n) flower, bloom, blossom, cream,
efflorescence, elite, flush, heyday, (v) ground,
coach, 9. capital (bakent, byk harf);
synonyms (n) city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means,
money, prime, resources, wealth, wherewithal,
center, chapiter, (adj) basic, dandy, 10. beginning
(balang); synonyms (n) cause, begin, birth,
derivation, origin, start, dawn, debut, emergence,
foundation, genesis, inception, incipiency,
initiation, (adj) incipient; antonyms (n) finish, finale,
conclusion, demise, ending, 11. top (st);
synonyms (adj) maximum, superlative, (n) peak,
acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit,
surface, (v) cap, exceed, outdo, surpass; antonyms
(adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir, 12. primary
(birincil); synonyms (adj) elementary, major,
primal, aboriginal, basal, dominant, key, primeval,
primordial, highest, vital, elemental, firsthand,
rudimentary, (n) radical, 13. premier (babakan);
synonyms (n) chancellor, minister, (v) premiere, 14.
principal (ana); synonyms (adj) master, big,
predominant, staple, supreme, necessary,
prevailing, core, crucial, pivotal, significant,
especial, (n) corpus, dealer, dean.
baak ear (kulak); synonyms (n) auricle, handle,
hearing, lug, spike, capitulum, heed, earing, notice,
crown, pinna, appreciation, discrimination, favor,
(v) cultivate.
basamak 1. step (adm); synonyms (n) degree,
measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank,
act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace,
proceeding, 2. grade (derece); synonyms (n)
class, place, order, brand, category, gradient, score,
form, group, quality, slope, division, (v) classify,
evaluate, range, 3. place (yer); synonyms (n)
position, domicile, office, spot, attitude, base, job,
(v) post, arrange, fix, lay, locate, station, deposit,
install; antonym (v) remove.
baaramamak fail; synonyms (v) abort, collapse,
fade, cease, abandon, break, bust, default,
deteriorate, die, disappoint, flag, want, (adj) decline,
drop; antonyms (v) succeed, triumph.
baar 1. achievement; synonyms (n)
accomplishment, performance, completion, deed,
execution, exploit, act, action, attainment,
fulfillment, victory, effort, implementation,
acquisition, (adj) feat; antonym (n) failure, 2.
success; synonyms (n) conquest, achievement, hit,
prosperity, passing, effectiveness, triumph,
achiever, fortune, luck, win, fruition, efficacy,
happiness, wealth; antonyms (n) flop, debacle,
defeat, disappointment, prevention, 3. hit (isabet,
51
vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow,

bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash,
touch, chance, bash, beat, collision, 4. win
(kazanmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get,
obtain, conquer, achieve, earn, prevail, secure, take,
succeed, carry, vanquish, procure, reach; antonym
(v) lose.
baarl 1. successful; synonyms (adj) flourishing,
fortunate, happy, effective, lucky, auspicious,
effectual, fruitful, efficacious, prevalent, efficient,
thriving, triumphant, profitable, (n) prosperous;
antonyms (adj) unsuccessful, thwarted, dependent,
failing, ineffective, sorrowful, 2. prosperous;
synonyms (adj) favorable, opulent, advantageous,
affluent, comfortable, easy, palmy, rich, successful,
well-off, propitious, booming, favourable,
prospering, (n) good; antonym (adj) poor.
baarm performance (performans); synonyms (n)
act, discharge, achievement, execution, fulfillment,
observance, accomplishment, deed, completion,
exploit, implementation, operation, recital, (v)
action, efficiency; antonyms (n) omission, practice.
baarsz unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious,
fortunate, lucky.
baarszlk 1. failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n)
bankruptcy, failing, breakdown, decline,
deficiency, debacle, defeat, disappointment,
disaster, downfall, error, loser, loss, abortion,
default; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit,
winner, victory, achiever, attainment, capability,
growth, 2. frost (ayaz); synonyms (n) cold, freeze,
freezing, rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice.
baarma achievement (baar); synonyms (n)
accomplishment, performance, completion, deed,
execution, exploit, act, action, attainment,
fulfillment, victory, effort, implementation,
acquisition, (adj) feat; antonym (n) failure.
baarmak 1. achieve; synonyms (v) accomplish,
reach, complete, do, effect, execute, gain, perform,
acquire, act, attain, fulfill, get, make, manage;
antonym (v) lose, 2. succeed; synonyms (v) follow,
replace, arrive, ensue, prevail, prosper, supersede,
supplant, achieve, flourish, displace, pursue, thrive,
triumph, come; antonyms (v) fail, precede.
baat dominant; synonyms (adj) commanding,
influential, leading, overriding, paramount,
powerful, primary, principal, rampant, main,
major, authoritative, chief, domineering, (v)
prevalent; antonyms (adj) minor, submissive,
subordinate.
babakan 1. premier; synonyms (adj) chief, first,
leading, foremost, head, arch, main, principal, (n)
chancellor, minister, (v) premiere, 2. chancellor;
synonyms (n) premier, consul, lieutenant,
52
Turkish - English
magistrate, proconsul, syndic, judge, justice,

official, prefect.
babo loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute,
licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v)
disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free,
limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed,
dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged.
basmc printer (yazc); synonyms (n) pressman,
typographer, correspondent, newspaperman,
newspaperwoman, newswriter, imprinter.
basmevi press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam,
closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack,
coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp,
(adj) constrain.
basn press (basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v)
crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce,
compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj)
constrain.
basn 1. pressure; synonyms (n) force, compulsion,
constraint, duress, exigency, influence, insistence,
load, pinch, urge, weight, emergency, (v) drive,
press, coerce; antonym (n) persuasion, 2.
compression (sktrma); synonyms (n)
compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing,
concentration, consolidation, contraction,
squeezing, concretion, 3. stress (gerginlik,
stres); synonyms (n) accent, emphasis, tension,
importance, effort, accentuation, anxiety, brunt, (v)
strain, emphasize, accentuate, emphasise,
punctuate, underline, trouble.
basit 1. simple; synonyms (adj) plain, homely, pure,
elementary, humble, innocent, mere, natural, rustic,
honest, bare, chaste, childish, (v) clear, downright;
antonyms (adj) complex, complicated, compound,
elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate,
confused, confusing, cunning, multifaceted,
problematical, sophisticated, 2. elementary
(temel); synonyms (adj) basic, fundamental,
primary, primitive, simple, basal, easy, elemental,
essential, introductory, original, rudimentary,
preliminary, artless, initial, 3. straightforward;
synonyms (adj) straight, direct, open, square,
candid, sincere, forthright, aboveboard, frank,
immediate, outspoken, outright, ingenuous,
unsophisticated, upright; antonyms (adj) deceitful,
tricky, devious, mysterious, pompous, 4. plain
(ak, dz); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, evident,
level, manifest, obvious, perspicuous, overt, dull,
even, explicit, lucid, (n) flat; antonyms (adj) fancy,
unclear, mottled, multicolored, attractive,
concealed, fussy, two-colored.
basitlik simplicity (sadelik); synonyms (n)
innocence, ease, easiness, plainness, simpleness,
clarity, artlessness, austerity, gullibility, severity,
ignorance, frankness, rusticity, informality, (adj)
inexperience; antonyms (n) difficulty, complexity,

ambiguity.
baka 1. other (dier); synonyms (adj) additional,
another, different, extra, further, more, new,
second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite,
added; antonym (adj) same, 2. else; synonyms (adv)
besides, also, moreover, (n) threat, (adj) other, 3.
different; synonyms (adj) assorted, unusual,
various, alien, alternative, discrete, diverse, foreign,
miscellaneous, separate, several, strange, unlike,
mixed, discrepant; antonyms (adj) similar,
corresponding, equal, identical, like, typical, 4.
alternative (alternatif, seenek); synonyms (adj)
preference, selection, substitute, variation.
bakalamak alter (deitirmek); synonyms (v)
adapt, change, move, adjust, affect, amend,
castrate, convert, correct, shift, transform, turn,
vary, alternate, distort; antonym (v) maintain.
bakaldrmak revolt (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n)
insurrection, uprising, revolution, (v) disgust,
mutiny, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, rebel, repel,
offend, repulse, appall, protest, (adj) shock.
bakan 1. chairman; synonyms (n) chair,
chairperson, chairwoman, director, president,
administrator, administration, gig, introducer,
monitor, prexy, professorship, spokesman, 2.
president; synonyms (n) chairman, chief, leader,
boss, head, principal, speaker, emperor, imperator,
king, majesty, 3. head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n)
captain, front, point, foam, froth, crown, chieftain,
executive, brain, commander, end, (v) capital,
direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) subordinate,
(v) follow.
bakanlk presidency; synonyms (n) administration,
presidentship, government, brass, disposal,
establishment, governance, organisation,
organization, presidence, executive, management.
bakas other (baka, dier); synonyms (adj)
additional, another, different, extra, further, more,
new, second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else,
opposite, added; antonym (adj) same.
bakent capital (byk harf); synonyms (n)
principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means,
basket basket (sepet); synonyms (n) basketful,
bassinet, cradle, gondola, case, coffin, handbasket,
hoop, leap, ped, pottle, stomach, whisket, bound,
corbeille.
bask 1. constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n)
coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement,
duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation,
pressure, restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj)
reserve; antonym (n) incentive, 2. oppression;
synonyms (n) injustice, abuse, despotism, tyranny,
weight, dictatorship, stress, wrong, severity,
Turkish - English
violence, compression, (v) hardship, grievance, (adj)
autocracy, molestation, 3. press (basn, basmak);
synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, squeeze,
pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge,
clasp, hug, (adj) constrain, 4. pressure (basn);
synonyms (n) constraint, exigency, influence,
insistence, load, pinch, emergency, imperativeness,
insistency, necessity, pressing, (v) drive, press,
burden, compel; antonym (n) persuasion, 5.
restraint; synonyms (n) bridle, control, hindrance,
limit, moderation, modesty, containment, curb,
obstacle, deterrent, discipline, inhibition, leash, (v)
impediment, obstruction; antonyms (n) excess,
abandon, decadence, 6. force (g, kuvvet,
zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency,
effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, power, vigor,
effectiveness, (v) thrust, cram, impel, ram,
blackmail; antonym (n) weakness, 7. edition;
synonyms (n) version, print, circulation, copy, issue,
number, adaptation, book, rendering, translation,
variation, compilation, run, anthology, collection,
8. impression (izlenim); synonyms (n) belief,
conception, feeling, idea, imprint, depression,
image, mark, notion, dent, appearance, feel,
impress, opinion, printing, 9. printing; synonyms
(n) impression, type, duplicating, copying, picture,
embossing, printmaking, 10. print; synonyms (n)
engraving, lettering, facsimile, letterpress,
reproduction, etching, brand, replica, duplicate,
earmark, clue, photo, (v) photograph, engrave,
stamp, 11. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n)
accent, emphasis, tension, importance, effort,
accentuation, anxiety, brunt, (v) strain, emphasize,
accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline,
trouble.
baskn 1. descent (ini); synonyms (n) ancestry,
decline, birth, fall, blood, declension, declination,
declivity, derivation, drop, extraction, family,
lineage, origin, pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent,
improvement, 2. raid; synonyms (n) attack, inroad,
incursion, invasion, onset, descent, (v) foray, bust,
maraud, assault, pillage, sortie, loot, assail, invade;
antonym (n) retreat, 3. dominant; synonyms (adj)
commanding, influential, leading, overriding,
paramount, powerful, primary, principal, rampant,
main, major, authoritative, chief, domineering, (v)
subordinate, 4. surprise (srpriz); synonyms (n)
fright, amazement, astonishment, surprisal,
wonder, admiration, (v) astound, alarm, amaze,
astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch.
balama 1. starting; synonyms (n) start,
commencement, first, outset, departure, kickoff,
origin, source, advantage, (adj) opening, initial,
incipient, original, (prep) beginning, from, 2. start
(balamak, balang, balatmak); synonyms
(v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch,
53
embark, spring, activate, arise, enter, flinch, (n)

jump, onset, shock, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish,
stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion.
balamak 1. begin; synonyms (v) commence, start,
arise, become, enter, initiate, originate, rise, create,
dawn, embark, found, institute, introduce, open;
antonyms (v) finish, end, stop, 2. start (balang,
balatmak); synonyms (v) begin, drive, launch,
spring, activate, flinch, set, (n) jump, onset, origin,
shock, beginning, commencement, leap, source;
antonyms (v) conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 3.
introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject, inject,
acquaint, advance, exhibit, implant, inaugurate,
infuse, precede, present, instill, interpose, broach,
induct.
balang 1. start (balamak, balatmak);

synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive,
launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump,
onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement;
antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n)
conclusion, 2. origin (kaynak, kken);
synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, birth, descent,
ancestry, derivation, extraction, foundation,
fountain, inception, root, source, well, head, 3.
beginning; synonyms (n) opening, start, dawn,
debut, emergence, genesis, incipiency, initiation,
introduction, kickoff, preface, threshold, (adj)
original, first, incipient; antonyms (n) finale,
demise, ending, 4. introduction (giri);
synonyms (n) induction, foreword, insertion,
presentation, entrance, preamble, preliminary,
prelude, admission, entry, intro, proem, prologue,
prolusion, innovation; antonyms (n) export,
postscript, 5. birth (doum); synonyms (n)
parturition, blood, labor, nascency, nativity,
parentage, birthing, family, genealogy, nascence,
rank, (v) delivery, bear, deliver, issue; antonym (n)
death, 6. initial (ilk); synonyms (adj) elementary,
foremost, primary, rudimentary, commencing,
early, introductory, leading, (n) alpha, (v) sign, 7.
outset; synonym (n) offset, 8. elementary
(temel); synonyms (adj) basic, fundamental,
primitive, simple, basal, easy, elemental, essential,
artless, initial, straightforward, underlying, 9.
starting; synonyms (n) outset, departure,
advantage, startle, striking, (adj) preparatory, (prep)
from, since, 10. threshold (eik); synonyms (n)
brink, limen, doorsill, doorstep, doorway, edge,
vestibule, border, limit, door, porch, postern, verge.
balangta initially; synonyms (adv) first, firstly,
originally, primarily, formerly; antonym (adv)
lastly.
balatan initiative; synonyms (n) enterprise,
gumption, opening, ambition, energy, drive,
inventiveness, creativity, originality,
54
Turkish - English
enterprisingness, (adj) initial, inaugural, initiatory,
incipient, first.
balatmak 1. start (balamak, balang);

conclusion, 2. launch; synonyms (n) boat,
inauguration, (v) initiate, dart, found, fire,
introduce, toss, establish, hurl, inaugurate,
institute, start, cast, fling, 3. begin (balamak);
synonyms (v) become, enter, rise, create, dawn,
open, undertake, build, happen, induce, attack,
attempt, bring, broach, cause.
balca 1. main (ana); synonyms (adj) chief, grand,
great, head, leading, essential, principal, basic,
capital, central, first, key, major, (n) cardinal, ocean;
antonyms (adj) minor, auxiliary, secondary,
supplementary, 2. prime; synonyms (adj) main,
early, fundamental, paramount, primary, excellent,
exquisite, overriding, premier, (n) best, flower,
bloom, blossom, (v) ground, coach, 3. major (ana,
byk); synonyms (adj) large, superior,
considerable, master, grave, higher, important,
senior, serious, vital, greater, crucial, extensive,
foremost, hefty; antonyms (adj) unimportant, lesser,
petty, slight, 4. mainly; synonyms (adv) chiefly,
primarily, principally, largely, mostly, particularly,
especially, generally, (adj) notably, curiously, 5.
chiefly; synonyms (adv) mainly, (adj) peculiarly, 6.
principal (ana); synonyms (adj) prime, big,
original, dominant, predominant, staple, supreme,
(n) leader, manager, corpus, general, lead, boss,
director, dealer, 7. ruling; synonyms (adj) regnant,
reigning, prevailing, prevalent, (n) judgment, rule,
decision, decree, edict, act, directive, judgement,
law, opinion, pronouncement, 8. primarily;
synonyms (adv) originally, essentially, firstly,
basically.
balk 1. heading; synonyms (n) caption, bearing,
drift, head, title, course, direction, tack, name, chief,
header, leading, line, way, aim, 2. cap; synonyms
(n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital, base, ceiling, crest,
detonator, tip, closure, (v) top, beat, limit, surpass,
better, 3. helmet (kask); synonyms (n) casque,
helm, hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube,
armor, aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate,
brigandine, buckler, 4. title; synonyms (n) call,
designation, claim, designate, appellation,
denomination, epithet, interest, championship,
heading, (v) style, term, entitle, (adj) right,
ownership, 5. headline; synonyms (n) headrope,
(v) emphasize, feature, publicize, stress, 6. hood;
synonyms (n) cap, coif, headdress, hoodlum, thug,
malefactor, gangster, helmet, hooligan, punk,
cowling, criminal, crook, dome, goon.
basma print; synonyms (n) imprint, mark,

impression, engraving, copy, lettering, picture,
facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, (v) impress,
photograph, issue, engrave, stamp.
basmak 1. press (basn); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v)
constrain, 2. print; synonyms (n) imprint, mark,
photograph, issue, engrave, stamp, 3. raid;
synonyms (n) attack, inroad, incursion, invasion,
onset, descent, (v) foray, bust, maraud, assault,
pillage, sortie, loot, assail, invade; antonym (n)
retreat, 4. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n)
knock, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, slap, move, affect,
box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, collide, mint, 5.
attack (hcum, hcum etmek, kriz,

saldrmak); synonyms (n) thrust, aggression, fit,
onslaught, seizure, approach, blast, (v) attempt,
aggress, charge, raid, accuse, beset, besiege,
bombard; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect,
6. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms
(n) seal, brand, cachet, emblem, die, earmark, form,
(v) print, cast, trample, punch, characterize, shape,
note, emboss, 7. step (adm, basamak);
synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait,
gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep,
stride, (v) pace, proceeding, tread, 8. publish
(yaymlamak); synonyms (v) declare, announce,
disclose, circulate, divulge, proclaim, communicate,
notify, advertise, broadcast, promulgate, spread,
expose, post, herald, 9. utter; synonyms (adj)
absolute, complete, (v) express, say, articulate,
breathe, speak, state, tell, deliver, emit, pronounce,
talk, voice, reveal; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified.
basmakalp 1. pat; synonyms (n) tap, knock, clap,
touch, beat, rap, slap, smack, stroke, hit, fondle,
apposite, apt, (v) caress, dab, 2. conventional
(geleneksel); synonyms (adj) formal, orthodox,
accepted, common, customary, everyday,
conservative, decorous, established, habitual,
normal, ordinary, routine, (v) commonplace,
familiar; antonyms (adj) unconventional, radical,
relaxed, unusual, original, rebellious, unorthodox,
3. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed,
lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent, family,
hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth, (adj) regular, (v)
handle, supply.
baparmak thumb; synonyms (n) pollex, forefinger,
hand, (v) finger, feel, flip, handle, leaf, flick, hitch,
hitchhike, riffle, touch.
bapiskopos archbishop; synonyms (n)
metropolitan, bishop, clergyman, elder, eminence,
minister, reverence, archdeacon, beneficiary, canon,
chaplain, curate, dean, diocesan, (adj) primate.
Turkish - English
bata ahead; synonyms (adv) before, beforehand,
formerly, forward, onward, previously, beyond,
fore, forth, forwards, on, onwards, winning, (adj)
front, (n) lead; antonyms (adv) behind, late.
bastrma compression (sktrma); synonyms (n)
squeezing, concretion.
baston stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar, club,
(v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff,
cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold.
bavurma reference (ilgi, referans); synonyms (n)
citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion,
bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo,
annotation, character, concern, consultation, (v) cite,
refer.
bavurmak 1. refer (bakmak); synonyms (v) allude,
apply, pertain, submit, deliver, commend, advert,
impute, name, relate, invoke, adduce, ascribe,
attribute, consign, 2. apply (Uygula,
uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote,
employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use, utilize,
lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate, (n)
give, 3. consult; synonyms (v) confer, consider,
negotiate, advise, deliberate, refer, discuss, reason,
canvass, confab, confabulate, (n) talk.
bavuru application (uygulama); synonyms (n)
plea, appeal, appliance, concentration, demand,
diligence, effort, exercise, petition, request, use,
attention, administration, call, claim.
bayazar editor (dzenleyici); synonyms (n)
redactor, writer, editioner, journalist, press.
batak marsh (bataklk); synonyms (n) bog, fen,
quagmire, marish, morass, swamp, marshland,
mire, swampland, wash.
batakhane joint (birleik, eklem, mafsal, ortak);

synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal,
cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation,
hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v)
articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual,
unilateral, private, separate.
bataklk marsh (batak); synonyms (n) bog, fen,
quagmire, marish, morass, swamp, marshland,
mire, swampland, wash.
batarya battery (ak, pil); synonyms (n) troop,
regiment, squadron, ark, battalia.
bat 1. west; synonyms (n) occident, w, tungsten,
watt, wolfram, (v) south, 2. western; synonyms
(adj) westerly, occidental, descending, falling,
occasive, occiduous, ponent, westbound.
batrmak sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v)
decline, dip, droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell,
bury, collapse, decay, flag, founder; antonyms (v)
rise, float.
55
bat set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm); synonyms

(v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate,
define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed,
fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n)
combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid.
batma set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm);

synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position,
regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj)
liquid.
batmak 1. founder; synonyms (n) laminitis,
patriarch, author, beginner, creator, father,
inventor, originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop,
collapse, crumple, break, 2. set (ayarlamak,
grup, set, takm); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay,
put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust,
arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure;
antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing,
comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 3. sink
(lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip,
droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell, bury, decay,
flag, founder, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) rise, float.
battaniye blanket; synonyms (n) bedding, sheet,
counterpane, covering, coverlet, (v) cloak, cover,
(adj) sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global,
generic, wholesale, broad, general.
bavul 1. trunk; synonyms (n) stem, boot, torso, body,
bole, proboscis, snout, stalk, box, stock, case, house,
luggage, nose, stirps, 2. suitcase; synonyms (n)
bag, grip, handbag, bagful, base, clasp, clench,
clutch, clutches, dish, grasp, hairgrip, handgrip,
handle, hold.
bay 1. sir; synonyms (n) esquire, gentleman, master,
man, don, signior, buck, dominus, effendi,
magister, signore, 2. gentleman (bey,
centilmen); synonyms (n) male, patrician, sir,
laureate, squireen, noble, gentle, fellow, guy, valet,
homo, human, humanity, humankind, (adj)
gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman.
baya 1. coarse (kaba); synonyms (adj) barbarous,
boorish, brutal, crude, gross, rough, vulgar, bawdy,
blunt, broad, common, earthy, harsh, rude,
uncivilized; antonyms (adj) refined, smooth,
sophisticated, 2. ordinary; synonyms (adj)
middling, average, familiar, mediocre, usual,
commonplace, everyday, habitual, normal, mean,
banal, conventional, (n) customary, accustomed, (v)
general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual,
incredible, outstanding, peculiar, strange, special,
distinguished, famous, 3. cheap (ucuz);
synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky,
base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy,
niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy, worthless;
antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful,
first-rate, luxurious, 4. common (adi, ortak);
56
Turkish - English
ignoble, plebeian, public, trivial, prosaic, poor,

collective, communal, current, humble, (n)
commons; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon,
rare, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique,
aristocratic, exclusive, infrequent.
bayan 1. lady; synonyms (n) dame, gentlewoman,
female, ma'am, matron, wife, woman, noble, (v)
squaw; antonym (n) man, 2. miss; synonyms (v)
lack, lose, fail, jump, omit, overlook, long, drop,
escape, (n) maid, girl, want, fille, missy, (adj) fault;
antonym (v) perceive, 3. madam; synonyms (n)
lady, signora, bird, chick, doll, noblewoman,
peeress, skirt, wench, 4. mistress; synonyms (n)
concubine, inamorata, madame, lover, missis,
master, owner, schoolmarm, schoolmistress,
teacher, impropriator.
baygn 1. unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary,
unaware, ignorant, subconscious, unwitting,
oblivious, automatic, insensible, instinctive,
senseless, unintentional, spontaneous, innocent,
unknowing, unacquainted; antonyms (adj)
conscious, awake, deliberate, 2. faint (baylmak);
synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble,
indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate,
distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj)
distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud,
pungent.
baygnlk faint (baylmak); synonyms (adj) collapse,
dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle,
soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon,
droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear,
obvious, considerable, loud, pungent.
bayi 1. seller; synonyms (n) dealer, merchant, vendor,
vender, trader; antonyms (n) buyer, purchaser, 2.
subsidiary; synonyms (n) subordinate, (adj)
auxiliary, subservient, ancillary, secondary,
additional, minor, adjunct, appurtenant, assistant,
incidental, inferior, supplemental, (v) accessory,
ministrant.
baylma faint (baylmak); synonyms (adj) collapse,
baylmak faint; synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy,
feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague,
delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop;
antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious,
considerable, loud, pungent.
bayr 1. slope; synonyms (n) incline, declivity, dip,
decline, descent, fall, grade, gradient, hill,
inclination, (v) pitch, slant, cant, lean, bank, 2.
ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, rise,
climb, ascending, elevation, advance, jump, hike,
raise, rising, slope, upgrade, uprising, takeoff, 3.
rise (ykselmek); synonyms (n) lift, ascent,
progress, swell, raising, advancement,
improvement, (v) mount, ascend, increase, heave,

arise, grow, originate, rear; antonyms (n) reduction,
(v) decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire.
bayku owl; synonyms (n) hooter, booby, dolt, looby,
nizy, noddy, nonny, noodle, howlet, awl, beak,
burglar, honker, horn, nozzle.
bayrak 1. flag; synonyms (n) banner, colors, ensign,
sign, fall, iris, (v) decline, languish, sag, abate,
signal, (adj) droop, fade, drop, fail, 2. banner;
synonyms (n) flag, title, bunting, emblem, headline,
pennant, pennon, streamer, 3. standard
(standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular,
average, criterion, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark,
example; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional,
special, 4. colours.
bayram 1. feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner,
entertainment, binge, carousal, celebration, festival,
meal, spread, (v) junket, fete, eat, feed, treat,
entertain; antonym (v) fast, 2. holiday (tatil);
synonyms (n) feast, sabbath, break, leisure, recess,
rest, stay, (v) vacation, (adj) festive.
baytar vet (veteriner); synonyms (n) veteran,
veterinarian, veterinary, (v) inspect, examine,
vaquero.
baz base (alak, taban, temel, s); synonyms (n)
foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean,
dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible,
despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n)
summit, top, (adj) noble.
bazen 1. occasionally; synonyms (adv) sometimes,
irregularly, periodically, seldom, infrequently,
uncommonly; antonyms (adv) frequently, regularly,
2. sometimes; synonyms (adv) occasionally, once,
formerly, sometime, off-and-on, otherwhiles,
usually, consistently, constantly, intermittently,
recurrently, (n) exemplar, meantime, meanwhile,
(adj) former.
baz some (biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather,
somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly,
round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det)
any, (n) one.
bazs some (baz, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly,
rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around,
roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain,
several, (det) any, (n) one.
bebek 1. baby; synonyms (n) babe, child, darling,
young, (v) coddle, indulge, pamper, cosset,
mollycoddle, spoil, (adj) infant, miniature, small,
babyish, dear; antonym (adj) giant, 2. infant
(ocuk); synonyms (n) baby, minor, nursling, kid,
toddler, (adj) juvenile, 3. doll; synonyms (n)
puppet, chick, figurine, dummy, girl, marionette,
toy, bird, dame, 4. dolly; synonyms (n) doll, bob,
bobbin, cart, die, punch, jeep, skirt, stirrer, wench.
Turkish - English
becerememek fail; synonyms (v) abort, collapse, fade,
cease, abandon, break, bust, default, deteriorate,
die, disappoint, flag, want, (adj) decline, drop;
antonyms (v) succeed, triumph.
beceri 1. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability,
capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse,
accomplishment, address, adroitness, aptitude,
cleverness, (adj) dexterity, craft, art; antonyms (n)
clumsiness, inability, incompetence, 2. faculty;
synonyms (n) endowment, bent, facility, power,
staff, flair, efficiency, aptness, competence,
expertness, genius, (v) gift, (adj) talent, ingenuity,
parts.
becerikli 1. clever; synonyms (adj) adroit, capable,
acute, able, apt, intelligent, smart, astute, cunning,
expert, ingenious, quick, sharp, skillful, (v) brilliant;
antonyms (adj) stupid, clumsy, unintelligent, dim,
dull, inept, 2. efficient; synonyms (adj) effectual,
competent, effective, valid, efficacious, operative,
practical, adept, neat, regular, energetic,
expeditious, forcible, (v) clever, active; antonyms
(adj) incompetent, inefficient, 3. skilled (usta);
synonyms (adj) experienced, practiced,
accomplished, dexterous, proficient, old, learned,
sophisticated, versed, gifted, deft, perfect, efficient,
masterly, handy; antonym (adj) inexperienced, 4.
practical; synonyms (adj) practicable, feasible,
functional, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, expedient,
positive, sensible, useful, workable, working,
constructive, hardheaded, businesslike; antonyms
(adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, useless,
impossible.
beceriksiz 1. awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy,
inconvenient, crude, embarrassing, inept, sticky,
uncomfortable, ungainly, untoward, left-handed,
annoying, bungling, cumbersome, difficult,
graceless; antonyms (adj) graceful, easy, adroit,
manageable, straightforward, convenient,
dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple, 2. helpless
(aciz); synonyms (adj) forlorn, powerless,
defenseless, weak, disabled, feeble, hopeless,
impotent, unable, incompetent, vulnerable, (n) frail,
(v) destitute, abandoned.
becermek swing (salncak); synonyms (n) sweep,
range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang,
rock, beat, brandish, change, move, shake, turn,
vibrate.
bedava free (ak, bo, zgr, serbest, serbest

brakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v)
clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate,
relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage,
ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled,
confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict,
stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block,
cage.
bedbaht unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj)
unfortunate, depressed, dismal, gloomy,
57
melancholy, sad, disconsolate, distressed,

infelicitous, low, miserable, sorrowful,
disappointed, downcast, mournful; antonyms (adj)
happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied.
bedel 1. compensation; synonyms (n) amends,
recompense, allowance, indemnification, reward,
price, atonement, emolument, fee, pay, redress,
refund, reimbursement, remuneration, (v) wage, 2.
price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth,
charge, expense, figure, damage, payment, toll, (v)
appraise, estimate, amount, assess, evaluate, (adj)
merit, value, 3. consideration; synonyms (n)
concern, respect, attention, care, reflection, thought,
account, cogitation, conception, deliberation,
notice, tact, thoughtfulness, (v) regard, condition;
antonyms (n) thoughtlessness, impulsiveness,
inconsideration, 4. worth; synonyms (n) virtue,
importance, excellence, dignity, quality, benefit,
goodness, import, good, substance, fortune, profit,
use, wealth, worthiness; antonym (n)
worthlessness, 5. substitute (yedek); synonyms
(adj) replacement, alternative, ersatz, makeshift, (n)
deputy, backup, delegate, (v) alternate, shift,
change, replace, surrogate, exchange, sub, cover.
beden 1. body (gvde, vcut); synonyms (n)
cadaver, corpse, matter, organization, carcass,
cluster, consistency, figure, mass, set, aggregate,
association, entity, amount, bulk; antonym (n)
spirit, 2. frame (ereve); synonyms (n) design,
border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form,
construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge,
constitute, contrive, 3. size (boyut, byklk);
synonyms (n) measure, capacity, dimension,
dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, glue,
breadth, degree, magnitude, measurement, sizing,
(v) gauge, scale; antonyms (n) length, slenderness,
4. flesh (et); synonyms (n) brawn, mortality, beef,
frame, humanity, mankind, meat, muscle, pulp,
shape, tissue, (adj) carnality, concupiscence, lust, 5.
trunk (bavul); synonyms (n) stem, boot, torso,
body, bole, proboscis, snout, stalk, box, stock, case,
house, luggage, nose, stirps.
bedensel 1. bodily; synonyms (adj) corporeal,
material, physical, animal, carnal, corporal,
personal, real, sensual, somatic, (adv) altogether,
fleshly; antonyms (adj) mental, spiritual, 2.
physical (fiziksel); synonyms (adj) bodily, actual,
tangible, concrete, palpable, earthly, manual,
substantial, active, forceful, forcible, solid,
touchable; antonym (adj) intangible.
beeni taste (tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, flavor,
liking, morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop,
fondness, gusto, (v) relish, savor, sample, smack,
discernment; antonyms (n) dislike, tastelessness.
beenme approval (onay, onaylama); synonyms
(n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim,
agreement, recognition, admiration, acclamation,
58
Turkish - English
acknowledgment, acquiescence, appreciation,

commendation, confirmation, consent, permission;
antonyms (n) disapproval, rejection, condemnation,
scorn, criticism.
beenmek 1. like (benzer, sevmek); synonyms (v)
corresponding, enjoy, identical, care, desire, fancy,
(adj) equal, equivalent, alike, analogous,
comparable, same, parallel, (n) love, relish;
antonyms (prep) unlike, (v) dislike, (adj) different, 2.
enjoy; synonyms (v) appreciate, bask, have, hold,
possess, delight, experience, like, own, rejoice,
revel, devour, take, suffer, joy, 3. approve
(onaylamak, uygun bulmak); synonyms (v)
sanction, adopt, accept, acknowledge, allow, admit,
agree, endorse, let, ratify, support, applaud,
acquiesce, authorize, confirm; antonyms (v) reject,
censure, condemn, disapprove, forbid, veto, 4.
appreciate; synonyms (v) esteem, prize, treasure,
value, appraise, fathom, admire, apprize, cherish,
comprehend, estimate, grasp, know, (adj)
understand, realize; antonyms (v) depreciate, scorn.
bek back (arka, geri, srt); synonyms (adv) before,
front, oppose, advance.
bekar single (tek); synonyms (adj) only, celibate, one,
odd, particular, distinct, individual, isolated, lone,
lonely, separate, simple, sole, solitary, exclusive;
antonyms (adj) married, double, multiple.
beki 1. guard; synonyms (n) defend, defense,
bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman,
custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v)
shield, keep, 2. keeper; synonyms (n) custodian,
curator, guardian, guard, warden, warder,
caretaker, owner, protector, steward, custos.
bekleme 1. wait (beklemek); synonyms (v) expect,
anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay, linger,
remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause, hold, (adj)
tarry, 2. expectation (beklenti); synonyms (n)
anticipation, expectancy, belief, hope, prospect,
confidence, outlook, possibility, trust, faith,
forecast, probability, suspense, thought, optimism;
antonym (n) despair, 3. anticipation; synonyms
(n) expectation, foresight, prevention, hopefulness,
foretaste, forethought, precaution, prediction,
presentiment, prevision, 4. waiting; synonyms
(adj) ready, expectant, hesitant, (n) wait, abeyance,
postponement.
beklemede pending; synonyms (prep) during,
awaiting, (adj) forthcoming, undecided, unresolved,
unsettled, outstanding, hanging, looming,
pendulous, suspended, considering, doubtful, (n)
abeyance, (adv) while; antonym (adj) distant.
beklemek 1. wait (bekleme); synonyms (v) expect,
anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay, linger,
remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause, hold, (adj)
tarry, 2. expect; synonyms (v) assume, believe,

demand, understand, calculate, hope, suppose,
think, conceive, call, mean, ask, bear, carry,
conjecture, 3. watch (bakmak, seyretmek);
synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard,
wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view,
sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance, 4.
hope (ummak, umut); synonyms (v) trust,
confide, wish, (n) aspiration, belief, desire,
expectation, faith, anticipation, confidence,
expectancy, assurance, ambition, fancy, prospect;
antonyms (v) despair, (n) reality, 5. anticipate;
synonyms (v) antedate, forecast, forestall, foretell,
estimate, apprehend, divine, guess, predict,
presume, prevent, intercept, envision, forebode,
foreknow, 6. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v)
reside, rest, prop, continue, endure, arrest, bide,
dwell, support, lodge, persist, (n) halt, check, (adj)
cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond,
depart.
beklenen 1. due; synonyms (adj) appropriate,
equitable, just, lawful, owed, payable, unpaid,
unsettled, (adv) right, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty,
privilege, tax, desert; antonyms (adj) paid, undue,
2. prospective; synonyms (adj) coming, future,
eventual, imminent, impending, likely, possible,
forthcoming, probable, latent, budding,
imaginable, immediate, near, approaching.
beklenmedik unexpected; synonyms (adj) abrupt,
sudden, surprising, casual, unanticipated,
unforeseen, unpredicted, accidental, strange,
abnormal, astonishing, curious, forced, startling, (n)
surprise; antonyms (adj) expected, gradual.
beklenti expectation; synonyms (n) anticipation,
expectancy, belief, hope, prospect, confidence,
outlook, possibility, trust, faith, forecast,
probability, suspense, thought, optimism; antonym
(n) despair.
bekleyi 1. wait (bekleme, beklemek); synonyms
(v) expect, anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk,
stay, linger, remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay,
pause, hold, (adj) tarry, 2. waiting; synonyms (adj)
ready, expectant, hesitant, (n) wait, abeyance,
suspense, expectancy, postponement.
bel waist; synonyms (n) waistline, shank, middle,
belly, blouse, cannon, stem, arch, (adj) neck,
stricture, wasp.
bela 1. evil (fena, kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj)
bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved,
destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity,
detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms
(adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness,
righteousness, 2. trouble; synonyms (n) distress,
bother, pain, anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience,
annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate,
burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm,
please.
Turkish - English
belge 1. document (belgelemek); synonyms (n)
charter, deed, credentials, papers, text, writing,
declaration, enclosure, (v) record, file, list, prove,
report, 2. certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma,
certification, credential, document, license,
testimonial, warrant, authentication, docket, bill,
award, (v) certify, sanction, authorize, 3. deed (i);
synonyms (n) accomplishment, achievement, act,
feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, activity,
doing, effort, fact, title, agency, certificate, 4.
paper; synonyms (n) article, newspaper, discourse,
newsprint, essay, journal, magazine, periodical,
composition, form, ticket, publisher, dissertation,
exposition, press, 5. instrument (alet, ara);
synonyms (n) channel, apparatus, appliance,
means, medium, creature, contrivance, (v)
implement, 6. record (dosya, kaydetmek,
kayt, plak); synonyms (n) register, account, book,
disk, history, disc, (v) chronicle, enter, note, score,
inscribe, mark, enrol, enroll, indicate.
belgeleme documentation; synonyms (n) proof,
record, certificate, certification, corroboration,
credential, credentials, evidence.
belgelemek 1. document (belge); synonyms (n)
charter, deed, credentials, papers, text, writing,
declaration, enclosure, (v) record, file, list, prove,
report, 2. certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma,
certification, credential, document, license,
testimonial, warrant, authentication, docket, bill,
award, (v) certify, sanction, authorize.
belirgin 1. clear (ak, berrak, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict, 2. explicit (ak);
synonyms (adj) clear, unmistakable, broad, direct,
exact, lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous,
emphatic, transparent, express, obvious, plain,
precise; antonyms (adj) tacit, understood, unspoken,
implicit, bland, 3. distinct (ayr); synonyms (adj)
articulate, different, discrete, distinctive, palpable,
decided, dissimilar, marked, tangible, clear-cut,
audible, conspicuous, diverse, (prep) separate, (adv)
apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, similar, inaudible,
shapeless, 4. marked; synonyms (adj) noticeable,
pronounced, remarkable, distinguished, notable,
signal, striking, strong, appreciable, visible,
considerable, outstanding, evident, particular,
patent; antonym (adj) unblemished, 5. evident
(besbelli); synonyms (adj) discernible, perceptible,
unequivocal, observable, bold, demonstrable,
candid, prominent, overt, explicit, exposed, frank,
59
glaring, indisputable, (adv) apparently; antonyms

(adj) concealed, unnoticed, hidden, inconspicuous.
belirleme determination (saptama); synonyms (n)
decision, conclusion, definition, resolution,
decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will, appointment,
assessment, constancy, courage, firmness, fortitude,
(v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness,
compliance, indecisiveness.
belirlemek 1. determine; synonyms (v) ascertain,
decide, define, resolve, appoint, adjudicate,
conclude, measure, set, specify, designate, assign,
decree, arrange, assess, 2. set (ayarlamak, grup,
locate, position, regulate, adjust, congeal, (n) class,
bent, circle, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v)
variable, flexible, liquid.
belirlenmi set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm);

liquid.
belirli 1. specific (zgl); synonyms (adj) individual,
special, concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite,
especial, positive, accurate, clear, express, single,
certain, (n) particular; antonyms (adj) universal,
vague, (n) general, 2. definite (kesin); synonyms
(adj) absolute, categorical, conclusive, decisive,
distinct, plain, specific, reliable, actual, sharp,
assured, decided, defined, explicit, (v) determinate;
antonyms (adj) imprecise, uncertain, unclear,
doubtful, undefined, indeterminate, evasive,
indefinite, indescribable, qualified, 3. particular
(zel); synonyms (adj) fastidious, careful, delicate,
finicky, fussy, detailed, choosy, circumstantial,
critical, exceptional, extra, extraordinary, finical, (n)
detail, item; antonyms (adj) careless, easy, ordinary,
4. certain; synonyms (adj) sure, dependable,
indisputable, fixed, inevitable, infallible, perfect,
safe, unavoidable, undeniable, unequivocal,
unquestionable, satisfied, set, (v) bound; antonyms
(adj) unsure, questionable, 5. given; synonyms (adj)
apt, disposed, prone, liable, granted, inclined, (n)
assumption, presumption, fact.
belirme emergence; synonyms (n) appearance,
egress, beginning, development, emersion, birth,
issue, origin, egression, outgrowth.
belirmek appear (grnmek); synonyms (v) occur,
rise, seem, sound, emerge, show, break, arise,
arrive, begin, feel, happen, look, surface, (n) come;
antonyms (v) disappear, vanish.
belirsiz 1. ambiguous; synonyms (adj) equivocal,
indistinct, indeterminate, uncertain, evasive,
slippery, amphibolous, confused, cryptic, doubtful,
dubious, enigmatic, imprecise, indefinite, (v) vague;
antonyms (adj) clear, definite, unambiguous,
60
Turkish - English
unequivocal, 2. vague; synonyms (adj) obscure,

ambiguous, faint, undefined, undetermined, feeble,
dim, fuzzy, hazy, nebulous, shadowy, lax, general,
intangible, (v) loose; antonyms (adj) distinct, exact,
particular, precise, specific, sure, 3. dubious;
synonyms (adj) debatable, questionable,
incredulous, precarious, shady, skeptical,
suspicious, undecided, unlikely, unreliable, unsure,
funny, distrustful, disputable, dubitable; antonyms
(adj) indisputable, trustworthy, certain, 4.
doubtful; synonyms (adj) queer, tentative,
diffident, hesitant, unsettled, suspensive,
apocryphal, apprehensive, gloomy, iffy, incredible,
indecisive, irresolute, perplexed, problematic;
antonyms (adj) trusting, convinced, reliable,
confident, persuaded, provable, 5. dim; synonyms
(adj) dark, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, misty, opaque,
slow, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear,
blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent,
clever, strong, (v) brighten, 6. uncertain;
synonyms (adj) changeable, chancy, unsafe,
variable, hazardous, risky, fitful, inconstant,
insecure, shaky, unpredictable, unstable, irregular,
perilous, (n) incertain; antonyms (adj) decisive,
decided, inevitable, safe, strong-minded,
unquestionable.
belirsizlik 1. ambiguity; synonyms (n) equivocation,
doubt, uncertainty, unclearness, equivocalness,
haziness, hesitation, obscurity, vagueness,
loophole; antonyms (n) clearness, precision,
unambiguity, 2. uncertainty; synonyms (n)
doubtfulness, distrust, indecision, suspicion,
suspense, irresolution, dubiety, incertitude,
question, dubiousness, indecisiveness, ambiguity,
hesitancy, qualm, (adj) instability; antonyms (n)
certainty, confidence, decisiveness, clarity.
Belirte indicator (gsterge); synonyms (n) gauge,
index, indication, arrow, indicant, pointer,
signpost, sign, signal, symbol.
belirti 1. symptom (araz, semptom); synonyms (n)
exponent, 2. mark; synonyms (n) brand, score,
character, heed, impression, imprint, feature,
badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish,
grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. indication; synonyms
(n) clue, index, designation, direction, forerunner,
herald, emblem, gesture, harbinger, hint, reference,
cue, allusion, inkling, intimation, 4. sign (alamet,
im, iaret); synonyms (n) motion, portent, poster,
presage, wave, attribute, augury, banner, ensign,
indicator, premonition, prognostic, (v) indicate,
autograph, bless.
belirtim specification; synonyms (n) designation,
provision, stipulation, particular, condition, detail,
description, spec, indication, particularization, case,
clause, estimate, prerequisite, proviso.
belirtme specification; synonyms (n) designation,

Belirtmek 1. specify; synonyms (v) name, designate,
signify, define, assign, describe, determine, fix,
prescribe, set, enumerate, mark, (n) detail,
particularize, appoint; antonym (v) simplify, 2.
state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n)
nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show,
place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention,
affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms
(v) deny, (adj) private, 3. evidence (kant);
synonyms (n) confirmation, proof, data, argument,
attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v)
display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest,
denote, 4. import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n)
consequence, meaning, sense, effect, connotation,
implication, importance, moment, purport,
significance, value, betoken, intent, (v) matter,
imply; antonym (v) export, 5. indicate
(gstermek); synonyms (v) direct, augur, foretell,
foreshadow, argue, bespeak, bode, evince, exhibit,
mean, presage, suggest, finger, hint, evidence.
belkemii spine (omurga); synonyms (n) backbone,
thorn, point, prickle, quill, spike, back, barb, rachis,
pricker, ridge, spur, sticker.
belki 1. maybe; synonyms (adv) perhaps, possibly,
peradventure, perchance, probably, debatably,
questionably, conceivable, credible, feasible,
imaginably, obtainable, potentially, (n) uncertainty;
antonym (adv) definitely, 2. perhaps; synonyms
(adv) maybe, mayhap, 3. possibly; synonym (adv)
conceivably; antonyms (adv) impossibly,
unimaginably.
bellek 1. memory (an, hafza, hatra); synonyms
(n) memento, recall, recollection, remembrance,
recognition, retrospection, (v) mind, 2. mind
(akl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head,
inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, (v) care,
look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed;
antonym (v) forget, 3. storage (depolama);
synonyms (n) conservation, depot, memory,
preservation, stock, accumulation, entrepot,
reposition, storehouse, warehousing.
belli 1. clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict, 2. obvious; synonyms (adj)
clear, visible, conspicuous, evident, flagrant,
blatant, discernible, glaring, manifest, marked,
Turkish - English
noticeable, perceptible, undeniable, unmistakable,
explicit; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, hidden,
imperceptible, undetectable, concealed, slight,
subtle, 3. explicit (ak); synonyms (adj) broad,
direct, exact, lucid, sharp, perspicuous, emphatic,
transparent, express, obvious, plain, precise,
specific, clear-cut, flat; antonyms (adj) tacit,
understood, unspoken, implicit, bland, 4. certain;
synonyms (adj) actual, sure, assured, dependable,
indisputable, reliable, categorical, decisive, fixed,
inevitable, infallible, particular, perfect, positive, (v)
bound; antonyms (adj) doubtful, unsure,
questionable, 5. express; synonyms (v) exhibit,
articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display,
mean, say, state, tell, breathe, depict, (adj) especial,
speedy, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide,
(adj) slow, 6. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample,
sweeping, vast, big, blanket, capacious, deep, full,
inclusive, (n) female; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin.
bemol flat (dz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even,
plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring,
absolute, dead, downright, (n) apartment, (v)
uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy.
ben 1. ego; synonyms (n) self, egotism, pride,
arrogance, character, personality, id, psyche,
temperament, macho, power, qualities, selfadmiration, self-pride, 2. mole (kstebek);
synonyms (n) breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark,
groyne, mol, spy, blemish, counterspy, groin,
growth, (adj) mound, barrow, hillock, (v)
embankment.
bencil selfish; synonyms (adj) mean, greedy,
mercenary, egocentric, egoistic, egotistic,
egotistical, self-centered, stingy, covetous,
inconsiderate, sordid, thoughtless, exclusive, (v)
contracted; antonyms (adj) unselfish, selfless,
altruistic, generous.
bencillik self (kendi, z); synonyms (n) ego, person,
being, individual, someone, character, essence,
individuality, personality, selfness, soul, spirit, (adj)
same.
bende subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif,
question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj)
liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated.
benek 1. spot (leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot,
place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location,
mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, 2.
dot (nokta); synonyms (n) point, spot, dash,
splash, atom, bead, drop, mote, (v) sprinkle,
disperse, splotch, dotation, scatter, (adj) iota,
particle.
beneklemek spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms
(n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty,
61
location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle,

daub, flaw.
benekli spotted; synonyms (adj) mottled, dappled,
speckled, blotchy, dotted, flyblown, piebald,
multicolored, dirty, spotty, stained, tainted,
besmirched, damaged, freckled; antonym (adj)
plain.
beni me; synonym (n) myself.
benimseme adoption (evlat edinme); synonyms (n)
acceptance, espousal, assumption, borrowing,
cooptation, enactment, maintenance, affiliation, (adj)
conversion, inspiration, justification, regeneration,
salvation, sanctification, (v) passage.
benimsemek adopt; synonyms (v) accept, admit,
affiliate, assume, borrow, espouse, pass, take,
acquire, choose, embrace, follow, imitate,
naturalize, prefer; antonym (v) reject.
benlik ego (ben); synonyms (n) self, egotism, pride,
temperament, macho, power, qualities, selfadmiration, self-pride.
bent 1. clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph,
provision, rider, section, chapter, member,
condition, prerequisite, proviso, requirement,
stipulation, (v) passage, 2. paragraph (paragraf);
synonyms (n) item, head, division, part, piece,
sentence, count, (v) clause.
benzemek look (bak, bakmak); synonyms (v)
seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze,
glance, guise, view.
benzememek differ; synonyms (v) dissent, disagree,
contradict, clash, deviate, diverge, depart, conflict,
vary, dispute, diversify, quarrel, ablude; antonyms
(v) agree, concur, conform, correspond.
benzer 1. like (beenmek, sevmek); synonyms (v)
comparable, same, parallel, (n) love, relish;
antonyms (prep) unlike, (v) dislike, (adj) different, 2.
analogous; synonyms (adj) similar, akin,
analogical, like, cognate, correspondent, related,
matching; antonym (adj) dissimilar, 3. alike;
synonyms (adv) equally, likewise, (adj) duplicate,
even, likely; antonym (adv) differently, 4. parallel
(kout, paralel); synonyms (adj) level, (n) analogy,
likeness, analog, analogue, counterpart, latitude,
resemblance, similarity, (v) compare, match, agree,
balance, collimate, fit; antonyms (adj) conflicting, (n)
perpendicular, skew, 5. similar; synonyms (adj)
conformable, resembling, kindred, such, twin,
uniform, exchangeable, interchangeable,
synonymous; antonyms (adj) incompatible,
opposing, opposite, 6. match (e, kibrit);
synonyms (n) competition, couple, peer, bout,
contest, (v) mate, meet, accord, correspond,
62
Turkish - English
harmonise, harmonize, fellow, pair, coincide,

equalize; antonyms (v) clash, contradict.
benzerlik 1. similarity; synonyms (n)
correspondence, likeness, parallelism, kinship,
parallel, identity, conformity, parity, sameness,
semblance, affinity, comparison, resemblance,
similitude, uniformity; antonyms (n) dissimilarity,
difference, 2. analogy (rnekseme); synonyms
(n) agreement, similarity, 3. comparison;
synonyms (n) analogy, compare, comparing,
contrast, connection, relation, ratio, parable,
comparability, equivalence, (prep) antithesis, 4.
resemblance; synonyms (n) appearance, imitation,
representation, 5. affinity; synonyms (n)
sympathy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity,
rapport, relationship, penchant, attachment,
consanguinity, inclination, kin, empathy,
friendship, 6. identity (kimlik, zdelik);
synonyms (n) identicalness, unity, individuality,
personality, character, equality, person.
benzersiz unique (tek); synonyms (adj) singular,
only, odd, extraordinary, individual, solitary,
alone, peculiar, distinct, distinctive, exceptional,
incomparable, inimitable, matchless, rare;
antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring.
benzeim analogy (benzerlik, rnekseme);

synonyms (n) semblance, agreement,
correspondence, parity, resemblance, similarity,
affinity, comparison, likeness, parallel; antonym (n)
dissimilarity.
benzetme comparison; synonyms (n) analogy,
compare, likeness, resemblance, comparing,
contrast, correspondence, parallel, similarity,
connection, relation, ratio, parable, comparability,
(prep) antithesis; antonym (n) dissimilarity.
benzin 1. gas (gaz); synonyms (n) gasoline, petrol,
air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence, petroleum, oil,
gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag, vaunt, blague, blow,
2. petrol; synonyms (n) gas, flatulency, gun,
nitromethane, alcohol, ethanol, gasohol, methanol,
naphtha, throttle, vapour, 3. fuel (yakt);
synonyms (n) firewood, combustible, firing, (v) fire,
arouse, encourage, excite, kindle, provoke,
stimulate.
beraber together (birlikte); synonyms (adv) jointly,
conjointly, simultaneously, collectively, running,
(adj) united, composed, stable, whole; antonyms
(adv) individually, separately, independently, (adj)
separate.
beraberlik 1. unity (birlik); synonyms (n) union,
agreement, concord, harmony, oneness, unison,
completeness, integrity, consistency, identity, one,
single, consensus, entirety, communion; antonyms
(n) discord, separation, 2. tie (balamak, kravat);
synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace,
association, relationship, sleeper, (v) link, bond,
attach, bind, join, knot, connect, fasten; antonyms

(v) disconnect, untie, undo.
berbat 1. awful; synonyms (adj) abominable,

appalling, awesome, dreadful, fearful, terrible,
atrocious, bad, horrible, nasty, alarming, amazing,
deplorable, detestable, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj)
excellent, great, marvelous, wonderful, lovely, nice,
pleasant, 2. horrible (korkun); synonyms (adj)
awful, frightful, dire, fearsome, formidable,
ghastly, grisly, cruel, dismal, hideous, monstrous,
forbidding, fierce, hateful, (v) horrid, 3. miserable
(sefil); synonyms (adj) mean, poor, meager, abject,
desolate, downcast, low, measly, unhappy,
distressed, lamentable, cheerless, contemptible, (v)
forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful,
generous, 4. rotten (rk); synonyms (adj) foul,
fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt,
crappy, decomposed, sour, stinking, (v) decayed,
rancid; antonym (adj) fresh, 5. terrible (korkun);
synonyms (adj) direful, horrendous, horrific,
horrifying, severe, shocking, painful, desperate,
heinous, disastrous, extreme, frightening, grim,
serious, terrific, 6. chronic (kronik); synonyms
(adj) confirmed, habitual, inveterate, constant,
accustomed, continuous, frequent, persistent,
prolonged, regular, repeated, usual, (v) permanent;
antonym (adj) temporary, 7. disgusting;
synonyms (adj) disgustful, distasteful, execrable,
loathsome, odious, offensive, disagreeable,
abhorrent, dirty, noisome, obscene, rank, repellent,
repugnant, repulsive; antonyms (adj) attractive,
appealing, 8. dreadful; synonyms (adj) dread,
grievous, tremendous, unspeakable, woeful,
calamitous, arrant, disgusting, gruesome, macabre,
outrageous, portentous, scandalous, sickening,
terrifying, 9. wretched; synonyms (adj)
unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pathetic, piteous, pitiable,
sorry, base, despicable, hapless, paltry, vile,
woebegone, squalid, (v) miserable, 10. shocking;
synonyms (adj) disgraceful, shameful, lurid,
revolting, ugly, flagrant, scary, astonishing,
disreputable, evil, indecent, staggering, startling,
surprising, (v) obnoxious; antonym (adj) admirable.
bere wound; synonyms (n) bruise, harm, pain, injury,
scratch, (v) hurt, cut, damage, offend, injure, stab,
sting, insult, maim, bite.
bereket 1. abundance (bolluk); synonyms (n)
wealth, amplitude, exuberance, plenitude,
profusion, richness, store, treasure, affluence,
breadth, copiousness, enough, fertility, (adj) plenty,
riches; antonyms (n) dearth, scarcity, aridity,
insufficiency, lack, shortage, 2. plenty (bolluk);
synonyms (n) abundance, many, much,
plenteousness, opulence, galore, flood, multitude,
heap, lot, plentifulness, plentitude, (adj) adequate,
ample, plentiful; antonyms (n) few, (adj)
insufficient, 3. fertility (verimlilik); synonyms (n)
Turkish - English
fecundity, birthrate, productivity, uberty, natality,
prolificacy; antonyms (n) sterility, infertility.
bereketli 1. fertile (verimli); synonyms (adj)
productive, fat, fecund, abundant, affluent,
copious, exuberant, fruitful, creative, bountiful,
inventive, luxuriant, prolific, rich, ample;
antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile, 2. abundant (bol);
synonyms (adj) generous, lush, thick, plenty, fertile,
liberal, plentiful, substantial, teeming, abounding,
considerable, enough, full, fulsome, great;
antonyms (adj) scarce, sparse, meager, 3. rich
(zengin); synonyms (adj) deep, luxurious, opulent,
bright, heavy, grand, magnificent, mellow,
plenteous, wealthy, well-off, delicate, elegant, (v)
ornate, florid; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute,
impoverished, light, 4. productive (retken);
synonyms (adj) generative, helpful, lucrative,
constructive, original, producing, profitable,
efficient, gainful, economic, efficacious,
imaginative, procreative, active, beneficial;
antonyms (adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable.
berrak 1. clear (ak, belirgin, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict, 2. liquid; synonyms (adj)
flowing, fluent, fluid, juicy, limpid, watery, sappy,
succulent, mobile, smooth, (n) liquor, drink, juice,
liquidness, sap; antonyms (adj) firm, (n) solid,
gaseous.
berraklk clarity; synonyms (n) clearness, limpidity,
comprehensibility, precision, purity, coherence,
lucidity, pellucidity, simplicity; antonyms (n)
cloudiness, obscurity, vagueness, haziness,
mistiness, opacity, uncertainty, unclearness.
be five; synonyms (n) cinque, quint, quintuplet, fin,
ace, eight, fins, fivesome, interim, intermission,
interval, jack, king, knave, (adj) quinary.
besbelli 1. evident; synonyms (adj) apparent, obvious,
distinct, clear, conspicuous, discernible, manifest,
patent, plain, noticeable, open, certain, bright,
marked, palpable; antonyms (adj) unclear,
concealed, obscure, unnoticed, hidden,
inconspicuous, 2. patent; synonyms (n) charter,
(adj) overt, evident, explicit, transparent,
unmistakable, visible, blatant, public, tangible,
unconcealed, observable, unquestionable, 3.
obvious; synonyms (adj) flagrant, glaring,
perceptible, undeniable, definite, gross,
indisputable, indubitable, lucid, prominent, salient,
barefaced, intelligible, luminous, broad; antonyms
(adj) imperceptible, undetectable, slight, subtle.
besili fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful,
63
greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v)

fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender.
besin food (gda, yiyecek); synonyms (n) board,
edible, fare, aliment, diet, dish, nourishment,
sustenance, eating, fodder, meat, nurture,
nutriment, nutrition, pabulum.
besleme 1. feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v)
eat, dine, nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage,
nourish, fatten, consume, feast, (n) aliment, food,
provender, fare; antonym (v) starve, 2. feeding;
synonyms (adj) tributary, depascent, (n) feed,
alimentation, eating, nourishment, farming,
casting, loading, victuals, 3. supply (tedarik
etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, (v)
furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, offer, provide,
cater, contribute, deliver, equip, give.
beslemek 1. feed (yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine,
nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage, nourish,
fatten, consume, feast, (n) aliment, food, provender,
fare; antonym (v) starve, 2. foster; synonyms (v)
cultivate, advance, cherish, breed, boost, foment,
further, rear, support, educate, entertain, tend,
keep, feed, nurse; antonym (v) neglect, 3. nurse
(hemire); synonyms (n) doctor, amah, care,
nanny, (v) attend, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle,
raise, breastfeed, harbour, hold, suckle, minister.
beslenmek feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v)
provender, fare; antonym (v) starve.
beste 1. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement,
constitution, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam,
article, combination, composing, compost,
compound, compromise, harmony, makeup,
organization, 2. tune; synonyms (n) melody, song,
strain, air, concord, note, consonance, music,
sound, tone, (v) adjust, regulate, chant, attune,
string.
besteci composer; synonyms (n) author, musician,
penman, instrumentalist, artist, artiste,
calligrapher, conductor, maestro, performer,
player, singer.
betik script (senaryo); synonyms (n) calligraphy,
betimleme description (tanm); synonyms (n)
account, type, brand, delineation, depiction,
explanation, kind, picture, definition, narration,
portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character.
betimlemek 1. describe; synonyms (v) define,
delineate, depict, outline, report, represent, state,
draw, relate, qualify, characterize, designate,
explain, name, narrate, 2. represent (gstermek,
temsil etmek); synonyms (v) portray, act, be,
describe, embody, exemplify, illustrate, play, enact,
64
Turkish - English
make, impersonate, comprise, constitute, (adj)

express, denote.
beton concrete (somut); synonyms (adj) actual,
positive, physical, real, tangible, fixed, palpable,
definite, firm, material, (n) cement, (v) coagulate,
congeal, concretion, set; antonyms (adj) theoretical,
intangible, abstract, hypothetical, incidental.
bey 1. gentleman (centilmen); synonyms (n) man,
male, patrician, sir, laureate, squireen, noble,
gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo, human, humanity,
(adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman, 2. ace
(as); synonyms (n) expert, one, virtuoso, wizard,
adept, master, star, (adj) crack, dot, iota, jot,
outstanding, particle, point, super, 3. lord
(sahip); synonyms (n) chief, seignior, almighty,
creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman,
overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator.
beyan 1. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement,
affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim,
expression, pronouncement, statement,
enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree,
deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial, 2.
statement; synonyms (n) account, declaration,
communication, instruction, command,
description, proposition, profession, argument, bill,
remark, word, bulletin, explanation, record, 3.
profession; synonyms (n) confession,
employment, occupation, calling, career, job,
vocation, position, assurance, business, craft,
testimony, trade, work, avocation.
beyanname declaration; synonyms (n)
announcement, affirmation, assertion, allegation,
avowal, claim, expression, pronouncement,
statement, enunciation, acknowledgment,
admission, decree, deposition, dictum; antonym (n)
denial.
beyaz 1. white (ak); synonyms (adj) fair, ashen, blank,
clean, snowy, wan, achromatic, bloodless, livid,
pallid, colorless, bright, good, (n) pale, (v) whiten;
antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, (n) black, 2. blank (bo,
boluk); synonyms (adj) bare, empty, unfilled,
vacant, deadpan, dull, expressionless, impassive,
inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap,
hiatus, lacuna; antonyms (adj) animated, full,
expressive.
beyefendi 1. gentleman (bey, centilmen);

synonyms (n) man, male, patrician, sir, laureate,
squireen, noble, gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo,
human, humanity, (adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n)
woman, 2. sir; synonyms (n) esquire, gentleman,
master, don, signior, buck, dominus, effendi,
magister, signore.
beygir horse (at); synonyms (n) cavalry, mount, buck,
heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog, drake, gander,
hart.
beyin 1. brain; synonyms (n) mastermind, genius,
head, mind, reason, brainpower, brains,
encephalon, intelligence, mentality, nous, psyche,

wit, prodigy, 2. mind (akl); synonyms (n)
intellect, brain, inclination, regard, conscience,
belief, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen,
notice, guard, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget.
bez 1. cloth (kuma); synonyms (n) fabric, material,
cover, rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 2.
fabric; synonyms (n) building, cloth, composition,
frame, construction, framework, fiber,
performance, anatomy, organization, production,
texture, work, (v) edifice, structure.
bezdirmek disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy,
abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation,
dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken,
nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n)
attraction, love, (v) delight, attract.
biber pepper; synonyms (n) capsicum, peppercorn, (v)
pelt, bombard, sprinkle, (adj) salt, season, spice.
biberiye rosemary; synonyms (n) herb, thyme, basil,
parsley, rosmarine, sage, marjoram.
bak knife; synonyms (n) dagger, tongue, whittle,
clapper, couteau, cuttle, cuttlefish, (v) stab, wound,
jab, slit, betray, dig, (adj) blade, cutlery.
baklamak 1. knife (bak); synonyms (n) dagger,
tongue, whittle, clapper, couteau, cuttle, cuttlefish,
(v) stab, wound, jab, slit, betray, dig, (adj) blade,
cutlery, 2. stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar,
club, (v) adhere, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff,
cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, impale.
biare wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate,
unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad, deplorable,
lamentable, low, mean, pathetic, piteous, pitiable,
sorry, (v) miserable, poor; antonym (adj) happy.
biem style (stil); synonyms (n) fashion, name, form,
kind, method, mode, pattern, sort, cast, class, (v)
call, entitle, cut, (adj) manner, character.
biim 1. form (form); synonyms (n) figure, design,
arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, (v)
cast, make, fashion, build, constitute, establish,
carve, construct, 2. shape (ekil); synonyms (n)
mold, pattern, condition, configuration, frame,
outline, (v) form, model, mould, determine, adjust,
fit, influence, regulate, knead, 3. format;
synonyms (n) size, formatting, organization,
structure, template, construction, system, (v) set,
coif, coiffe, coiffure, do, dress, initialise, initialize,
4. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut, mode,
craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise,
style, wise, (v) contrive, create, compose, adapt, 5.
configuration; synonyms (n) arrangement,
composition, constellation, contour, formation, 6.
make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) cause,
force, get, give, produce, let, compel, drive, erect,
execute, fabricate, fetch, gain, generate, prepare;
antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 7. mode (kip);
synonyms (n) means, appearance, approach,
Turkish - English
modality, process, rage, type, vogue, kind, habit,
garb, behavior, brand, mood, nature.
biimlemek format (biim); synonyms (n) form, size,
formatting, shape, organization, structure,
template, mold, construction, system, (v) set,
arrange, coif, coiffe, coiffure.
biimlendirmek 1. shape (biim, ekil); synonyms
(n) cast, mold, figure, pattern, build, condition,
configuration, (v) form, fashion, model, mould,
determine, make, adjust, carve, 2. form (biim,
form); synonyms (n) design, arrange, ceremony,
shape, class, conformation, appearance, (v)
constitute, establish, construct, create, do, compose,
comprise, contrive, 3. fashion (moda); synonyms
(n) cut, mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way,
custom, guise, style, wise, (v) adapt, fit, forge, (adj)
character.
biimsel formal (resmi); synonyms (adj)
conventional, ceremonious, distant, ceremonial,
courtly, elegant, official, prim, solemn, stately, cold,
nominal, pedantic, precise, proper; antonyms (adj)
informal, relaxed, unceremonious.
biimsiz ugly (irkin); synonyms (adj) nasty,
disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome,
hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, evil, offensive,
atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque;
antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, good-looking,
flowing, ornamental.
bk saw (testere); synonyms (v) cut, (n) adage,
byword, proverb, dictum, maxim, saying,
aphorism, axiom, motto.
bimek harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, fruit,
ingathering, produce, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather,
glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap.
bkkn weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired,
exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid,
irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk,
wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh.
bkmak weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired,
bkm sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing,
indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased,
morbid, sickly, nauseous, poor, crazy, disgusted, (v)
unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy.
bktrmak disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy,
bilano balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms
unbalance.
65
bildik 1. acquaintance (tandk); synonyms (n)

connection, familiarity, friend, acquaintanceship,
mate, associate, awareness, buddy, companion,
comrade, contact, conversance, conversancy,
experience, (v) knowledge; antonyms (n) ignorance,
stranger, 2. familiar; synonyms (adj) close,
common, conversant, customary, everyday,
intimate, commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual,
acquainted, chummy, (n) accustomed, habitual, (v)
unknown.
Bildir announce (ilan etmek); synonyms (v)
advertise, herald, declare, enunciate, proclaim,
return, affirm, annunciate, broadcast,
communicate, foretell, intimate, promulgate,
publicize, publish.
bildiri 1. announcement (duyuru, ilan);

synonyms (n) annunciation, notice, advertisement,
declaration, communication, proclamation,
promulgation, pronouncement, release, report,
statement, intimation, bill, ad, assertion, 2.
declaration; synonyms (n) announcement,
affirmation, allegation, avowal, claim, expression,
deposition, dictum, predication, confession, bid;
antonym (n) denial, 3. bulletin (blten);
synonyms (n) account, message, dispatch, news,
communiqu, journal, leaflet, brochure, newsletter,
newssheet, tidings, catalogue, list, pamphlet,
update, 4. notice; synonyms (n) attention,
information, mind, caution, heed, observation, (v)
note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish,
find, mark, regard; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore,
5. manifesto; synonyms (n) pronunciamento,
edict, policy, proposal, program, 6. report
(rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, name,
fame, narration, narrative, notification, recital,
record, story, intelligence, (v) describe,
communicate, recount, relate; antonym (n) fact, 7.
statement; synonyms (n) instruction, command,
proposition, profession, argument, remark, word,
bulletin, explanation, return, averment, contention,
invoice, direction, (v) tale.
bildirim 1. declaration; synonyms (n)
denial, 2. notice; synonyms (n) advertisement,
attention, declaration, information, mind, caution,
heed, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover,
distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard,
ignore.
bildirmek 1. inform; synonyms (v) communicate,
acquaint, advise, impart, announce, enlighten, tell,
familiarize, explain, advertise, apprise, educate,
66
Turkish - English
instruct, state, warn, 2. declare; synonyms (v)

affirm, allege, assert, say, attest, acknowledge,
admit, aver, avow, proclaim, call, divulge, express,
promulgate, pronounce; antonym (v) deny, 3.
announce (ilan etmek); synonyms (v) herald,
declare, enunciate, return, annunciate, broadcast,
foretell, intimate, publicize, publish, report, reveal,
cry, voice, bill, 4. tell (anlatmak, sylemek);
synonyms (v) relate, recount, command, describe,
distinguish, enumerate, inform, notify, order,
recite, ascertain, break, (n) disclose, count, number;
antonym (v) request, 5. notice; synonyms (n)
advertisement, attention, declaration, information,
mind, caution, heed, message, (v) note, look, attend,
detect, discover, find, mark; antonyms (v)
disregard, ignore, 6. advise (tavsiye etmek);
synonyms (v) admonish, propose, recommend,
suggest, exhort, forewarn, offer, urge, advocate,
confer, submit, persuade, proposition, apprize,
brief; antonym (v) oppose, 7. communicate;
synonyms (v) deliver, carry, commune, convey,
relay, transmit, pass, render, share, talk, interact,
signal, connect, intercommunicate, partake, 8.
report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip,
notice, name, fame, narration, narrative, news,
notification, recital, record, story, intelligence,
bulletin, (v) account; antonym (n) fact, 9. vote (oy);
synonyms (n) ballot, election, poll, suffrage,
franchise, voting, choice, balloting, (v) elect.
bile 1. even (ift, hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj)
direct, equal, constant, equable, equivalent, flat,
horizontal, identical, plane, regular, steady, (v)
level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven,
inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal, 2. very
(ok, pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely,
greatly, highly, really, completely, entirely, most,
quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) much,
considerably, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally,
slightly, somewhat.
bilek wrist; synonyms (n) carpus, (v) finger, hand,
paw.
bileklik supporter; synonyms (n) partisan, admirer,
ally, backer, follower, friend, patron, sponsor,
advocate, believer, benefactor, champion, devotee,
disciple, fan; antonyms (n) opponent, skeptic,
detractor, critic.
bileen 1. component (para); synonyms (n)
constituent, factor, ingredient, part, detail, element,
feature, member, unit, accessory, division, piece,
portion, section, (adj) fundamental, 2. constituent;
synonyms (adj) integral, (n) component, elector,
item, agent; antonyms (n) aggregate, composite,
whole.
bileik 1. composite (karma); synonyms (adj)
aggregate, mixed, (n) complex, amalgam, blend,
mix, combination, alloy, complicated, mixture,
synthesis, (v) compound, 2. compound;
synonyms (n) concoction, brew, composition,

preparation, compost, union, agree, (v)
amalgamate, combine, compromise, augment,
commingle, coalesce, multiply, (adj) composite;
antonym (adj) simple.
bileim 1. combination; synonyms (n) alliance,
blend, union, association, coalition, league, merger,
amalgam, aggregate, amalgamation, collection,
complex, composition, concoction, (adj) compound;
antonyms (n) separation, (adj) simple, 2.
composition; synonyms (n) arrangement,
constitution, construction, texture, alloy, article,
combination, composing, compost, compromise,
harmony, makeup, organization, piece, production.
bilet ticket; synonyms (n) pass, card, label, certificate,
ballot, check, slate, tag, warrant, mark, slip,
voucher, plank, platform, (v) fine.
bilge wise (akll); synonyms (adj) judicious,
reasonable, sensible, intelligent, knowing, prudent,
rational, sagacious, sound, discreet, shrewd, sane,
discerning, thoughtful, (n) method; antonyms (adj)
foolish, unwise, stupid.
bilgelik wisdom; synonyms (n) discretion,
judiciousness, knowledge, prudence, sagacity,
sapience, sense, discernment, insight, learning,
depth, judgment, profundity, reasonableness, (v)
lore; antonyms (n) foolishness, stupidity.
bilgi 1. knowledge; synonyms (n) information,
comprehension, acquaintance, erudition, grasp,
intelligence, lore, science, understanding,
enlightenment, attainment, appreciation, (v)
cognition, (adj) art, wisdom; antonym (n) ignorance,
2. information (enformasyon); synonyms (n)
advice, communication, data, evidence, note,
report, tidings, complaint, counsel, info,
instruction, material, warning, word, details, 3.
notice, name, fame, message, narration, narrative,
news, notification, recital, record, (v) account,
describe, communicate; antonym (n) fact, 4. data
(veri); synonyms (n) facts, figures, file, postulate,
proof, 5. intelligence (akl); synonyms (n)
cleverness, intellect, acumen, brain, brains,
capacity, knowledge, mentality, sharpness, wit,
genius, aptitude, quickness, apprehension,
astuteness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 6.
acquaintance (tandk); synonyms (n)
connection, familiarity, friend, acquaintanceship,
mate, associate, awareness, buddy, companion,
comrade, contact, conversance, conversancy,
experience, friendship; antonym (n) stranger, 7.
learning; synonyms (n) acquisition, education,
culture, scholarship, acquirement, edification,
letter, literature, reading, eruditeness, learnedness.
bilgili 1. learned; synonyms (v) knowing, (adj) erudite,
educated, enlightened, knowledgeable, wise,
academic, scholarly, bookish, cultured, intellectual,
Turkish - English
lettered, literary, studious, informed; antonyms
(adj) ignorant, innate, 2. informed; synonyms (adj)
aware, cognizant, conscious, familiar, apprised,
conversant, experienced, (adv) abreast.
bilgin 1. scientist; synonyms (n) scholar, master,
archaeologist, doctor, engineer, 2. scholar;
synonyms (n) learner, pupil, academic, student,
pundit, apprentice, intellectual, brain, disciple,
adherent, follower; antonym (n) dilettante.
bilginlik scholarship (burs); synonyms (n)
erudition, learning, lore, education, award,
learnedness, letters, reading, edification, allowance,
science, eruditeness, literacy, prize, (v) knowledge.
bilgisayar computer; synonyms (n) calculator,
mainframe, machine, reckoner, laptop, computist,
estimator, figurer, workstation, analog, brain,
clone, compatible, (v) number, program.
bilgisiz ignorant (cahil); synonyms (adj) unconscious,
illiterate, rude, uneducated, unwitting, blind, dull,
innocent, naive, unaware, uninformed, unlearned,
barbarous, crude, shallow; antonyms (adj)
knowledgeable, conscious.
bilgisizlik ignorance (cehalet); synonyms (n)
darkness, illiteracy, nescience, folly, innocence,
unwisdom, denseness, stupidity, obtuseness,
unawareness, unenlightenment, night,
unacquaintance, adversity, agnosticism; antonyms
(n) knowledge, intelligence.
bilhassa 1. particularly; synonyms (adv) especially,
specially, only, chiefly, curiously, expressly,
markedly, notably, peculiarly, principally, singly,
very, individually, definitely, distinctly; antonym
(adv) slightly, 2. expressly; synonyms (adv)
particularly, explicitly, specifically, purposely,
precisely, namely.
bilim science; synonyms (n) learning, lore,
knowledge, literature, skill, erudition, (adj) art.
bilimsel scientific; synonyms (adj) technical,
mathematical, exact, punctual, accurate, artistic,
objective, shipshape, learned, precise, scientifical,
analytical, clinical, detached, disinterested;
antonym (adj) theoretical.
bilin consciousness; synonyms (n) awareness,
feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance, mind,
notion, knowledge, self; antonym (n)
unconsciousness.
bilinli 1. conscious; synonyms (adj) aware, alive,
calculated, cognizant, deliberate, mindful,
premeditated, intended, discerning, self-conscious,
intentional, knowing, knowledgeable, known,
purposeful; antonyms (adj) unconscious, unaware,
ignorant, 2. aware; synonyms (adj) awake,
attentive, conscious, heedful, vigilant, sentient,
alert, enlightened, observant, sensible, wary,
watchful, appreciative, apprised, familiar.
67
bilinsiz unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary,

conscious, awake, deliberate.
bilinen 1. known; synonyms (adj) well-known,
familiar, conscious, certain, accepted,
acknowledged, plain, published, understood,
evident, recognized, apparent, aware, common,
apprised; antonyms (adj) nameless, unknown,
secret, unidentified, 2. common (adi, ortak);
usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean,
mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, (n) habitual;
unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique,
aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent.
Bilinmeyen unknown; synonyms (adj) secret,
strange, hidden, unfamiliar, nameless, obscure,
unidentified, anonymous, foreign, mysterious,
new, undiscovered, (n) stranger, alien, foreigner;
antonyms (adj) known, familiar, famous,
recognized, well-known.
bilirkii 1. expert (uzman); synonyms (adj) adept,
adroit, dexterous, skillful, able, clever, experienced,
accomplished, ace, apt, (n) professional, proficient,
critic, authority, connoisseur; antonyms (adj)
unskilled, inept, inferior, untrained, (n) amateur,
beginner, 2. authority (yetki); synonyms (n)
ascendancy, command, sanction, administration,
authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge,
power, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, approval,
3. referee (hakem); synonyms (n) arbiter,
arbitrator, mediator, umpire, adjudicator, ref,
moderator, intermediary, referendary, (v) arbitrate,
mediate, adjudicate, intercede, 4. surveyor;
synonyms (n) inspector, assessor, visitor, engineer,
husband, ranger, supercargo, auditor, traveler,
voyager.
bilmek know (tanmak); synonyms (v) discern,
comprehend, can, distinguish, have, recognize,
understand, feel, acknowledge, agnise, agnize,
apprehend, fathom, appreciate, (n) ken.
bilye marble; synonyms (n) cheetah, granite, leopard,
(v) foolscap, pillar, table, (adj) rock, flint, stone,
quartz, pellet, bullet, globule, spherule, bulb.
bin thousand; synonyms (n) chiliad, grand, m, g,
thou, curtilage, gee, gigabyte, gm, gram, gramme,
green, grounds, heap, jet.
bina 1. building; synonyms (n) architecture,
establishment, construction, fabric, fabrication,
house, assembly, creation, mansion, structure, (v)
edifice, pile, (adj) augmentative, augmenting, 2.
construction; synonyms (n) building, formation,
frame, organization, production, arrangement,
constitution, make, making, reading, anatomy,
68
Turkish - English
conformation, design, development, exposition;

antonym (n) destruction, 3. structure (bnye,
yap); synonyms (n) form, shape, framework,
composition, erection, system, build, configuration,
scheme, skeleton, texture, complex, hull, order,
machinery.
binba major (ana, byk); synonyms (adj) chief,
key, large, main, superior, considerable, master,
grave, fundamental, great, higher, important,
leading, overriding, principal; antonyms (adj)
minor, unimportant, lesser, petty, slight.
bindirmek clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush,
clang, crash, discord, encounter, (v) jar, fight,
impact, brawl, clank, collide, conflict, dispute;
antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree.
binici rider; synonyms (n) horseman, appendix,
equestrian, passenger, codicil, supplement, clause,
provision, addition, condition, horse, proviso.
binicilik riding; synonyms (v) horsemanship, (adj)
awheel, (n) equitation, ride, travel, hundred, soke,
tithing, snowboarding.
binme 1. ride; synonyms (n) outing, run, lift, jaunt,
voyage, (v) drive, bait, float, mount, rag, tease,
harass, annoy, drift, (adj) bestride, 2. riding;
synonyms (v) horsemanship, (adj) awheel, (n)
equitation, ride, travel, hundred, soke, tithing,
snowboarding.
binmek 1. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council,
bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, commission,
committee, court, embark, plank, (v) keep, lodge,
accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. mount;
synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board, arise,
advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale,
(n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v) descend,
drop, (n) valley.
bir 1. one; synonyms (pron) any, man, (n) anybody,
single, somebody, person, ace, (adj) certain,
individual, lone, only, unique, some, singular, (adv)
once, 2. single (tek); synonyms (adj) celibate, one,
odd, particular, distinct, isolated, lonely, separate,
simple, sole, solitary, exclusive, several, common,
discrete; antonyms (adj) married, double, multiple,
3. an; synonym (conj) if, 4. a; synonyms (n) amp,
ampere, angstrom, axerophthol, forenoon, morn,
morning, (v) grammar, initiation, (adj) cream, elite,
flower, masterpiece, pick, prime, 5. some (baz,
biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat,
about, approximately, around, roughly, round,
almost, near, (adj) few, sundry, extraordinary,
quantitative.
bira 1. beer; synonyms (n) cocktail, suds, bock, head,
hops, lather, nip, oil, slops, snifter, soapsuds, (v)
wine, stingo, liqueur, spirits, 2. ale; synonyms (n)
beer, eale.
birader brother; synonyms (n) fellow, pal, associate,
buddy, chum, companion, compeer, comrade,
counterpart, crony, friend, mate, monk, peer,

sidekick; antonym (n) sister.
birahane pub; synonyms (n) bar, pothouse, barroom,
inn, saloon, taphouse, ginmill, lounge, drinkery,
gashouse.
brakmak 1. leave; synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go,
abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, (n)
furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj)
empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain,
approach, change, come, 2. abandon; synonyms
(v) relinquish, renounce, resign, vacate, evacuate,
leave, waive, abdicate, chuck, ditch, drop, forfeit,
forgo, maroon, scrap; antonyms (v) keep, support,
maintain, (n) restraint, 3. allow (izin vermek);
synonyms (v) acknowledge, accord, agree, give,
grant, accede, acquiesce, accept, afford, authorize,
bear, consent, enable, endure, (adj) admit; antonyms
(v) forbid, prohibit, deny, reject, 4. dismiss;
synonyms (v) discharge, cashier, cast, disband,
discard, bounce, can, cease, dispatch, banish,
disallow, discount, displace, dissolve, eject;
antonyms (v) hire, employ, 5. let (izin vermek);
synonyms (v) allow, lease, charter, have, rent, cause,
countenance, demise, get, suffer, entitle, trust, (n)
check, hindrance, impediment; antonym (v)
prevent, 6. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease,
deposit, dribble, droop, dip, dismiss, drip, ebb,
jump, shed, sink, decay, (n) decline, collapse;
antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 7.
release (serbest brakmak); synonyms (n) issue,
liberation, departure, ransom, exemption, (v)
exempt, free, liberate, pardon, absolve, acquit,
deliver, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage;
antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction, custody,
involvement, preservation, (v) capture, confine,
imprison, arrest, catch, 8. fail; synonyms (v) abort,
fade, bust, default, deteriorate, die, disappoint, flag,
want, backfire, bomb, diminish, founder, (adj) abate,
end; antonyms (v) succeed, triumph, 9. permit
(izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v) license, let,
assent, legalize, sanction, tolerate, warrant,
approve, empower, yield, (n) licence, pass,
authority, authorization, certificate; antonyms (v)
ban, stop.
brakmamak stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v)
remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue,
endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n)
delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond,
depart.
biraz 1. some (baz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather,
round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det)
any, (n) one, 2. somewhat; synonyms (adv)
slightly, little, fairly, pretty, reasonably,
moderately, quite, relatively, comparatively,
middling, partially, passably, (pron) partly, (adj)
something, tolerably; antonyms (adv) extremely,
Turkish - English
considerably, 3. slightly; synonyms (adv) lightly,
slight, slenderly, faintly, small, hardly, barely,
slimly, scarcely; antonyms (adv) very, excessively,
infinitely, significantly, terribly, tremendously,
much, particularly, solidly, 4. rather (olduka);
synonyms (adv) enough, instead, kinda, preferably,
sooner.
birazdan 1. presently; synonyms (adv) directly,
immediately, now, shortly, soon, currently,
instantly, just, forthwith, quickly, 2. soon (ok
gemeden); synonyms (adv) early, presently, anon,
betimes, promptly, soonly, briefly, erelong, fast,
quick, speedily, afterward, curtly.
birok 1. many (ok); synonyms (adj) manifold,
abundant, countless, frequent, various,
innumerable, much, multiple, numerous, plentiful,
several, different, numberless, (n) number;
antonym (n) few, 2. multiple (kat); synonyms (adj)
many, complex, diverse, populous, compound,
multiplex, multiplied, multitudinous, (n)
coefficient; antonym (adj) simple.
birden suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short,
sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast,
gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly.
birdenbire 1. suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly,
short, sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast,
gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly, 2.
abruptly; synonyms (adv) suddenly, bluntly,
brusquely, curtly, gruffly, rudely, shortly;
antonyms (adv) gently, civilly.
bireim synthesis (sentez); synonyms (n)
combination, fusion, compound, incorporation,
mixture, union, composite, unification, amalgam,
complex, deduction; antonym (n) separation.
birey 1. individual (bireysel); synonyms (adj)
distinct, particular, single, different, alone, certain,
characteristic, distinctive, especial, exclusive, (n)
human, creature, fellow, man, mortal; antonyms
(adj) joint, combined, common, communal, general,
vague, (n) collective, 2. person (kii, ahs);
synonyms (n) individual, being, body, character,
soul, life, homo, form, organism, personality,
somebody, someone, substance, thing, (v) party;
antonym (n) automaton.
bireysel 1. individual (birey); synonyms (adj)
vague, (n) collective, 2. separate (ayrmak, ayr,
blmek); synonyms (adj) detached, (v) detach,
divorce, part, insulate, scatter, cut, dissociate,
69
disconnect, discrete, discriminate, disjoin, disperse,

distinguish, divide; antonyms (adj) connected,
joined, simultaneous, (v) unite, merge, mix,
combine, fuse, join, link, associate.
biri 1. somebody (birisi); synonyms (pron) someone,
anybody, (n) individual, person, personage,
creature, man, mortal, body, homo, human, (adj)
celebrity, hero, lion, notability; antonym (pron)
nobody, 2. one (bir); synonyms (pron) any, (n)
single, somebody, ace, anyone, unit, (adj) certain,
lone, only, unique, some, singular, particular, sole,
(adv) once, 3. any; synonyms (adj) all, either,
whichever, every, several, alone, few, ony,
quantitative, (n) aught, part, (pron) who, 4.
someone; synonyms (n) self, party, one, soul.
biricik 1. unique (benzersiz, tek); synonyms (adj)
singular, only, odd, extraordinary, individual,
solitary, alone, peculiar, distinct, distinctive,
exceptional, incomparable, inimitable, matchless,
rare; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring,
2. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) but, exclusively,
just, merely, barely, entirely, simply, however,
solely, hardly, (adj) exclusive, lone, one, sole, all.
birikim accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock,
accretion, mass, accrual, accruement, batch, hoard,
pile, reserve, deposit, addition, aggregation,
assemblage, (v) gain; antonym (n) shortage.
birikimli cumulative; synonyms (adj) accumulative,
collective, increasing, aggregate, total, amassed,
growing, summative, additional, combined,
additory, advancing, augmenting, chain, heaped.
birikinti deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge,
residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank,
commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave;
birikme accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock,
birikmek collect (toplamak); synonyms (v)
assemble, accumulate, amass, gather, pick, accrue,
acquire, aggregate, cluster, collate, congregate,
convene, cull, harvest, hoard; antonyms (v)
disperse, distribute.
birikmi cumulative; synonyms (adj) accumulative,
collective, increasing, aggregate, total, amassed,
growing, summative, additional, combined,
additory, advancing, augmenting, chain, heaped.
biriktirme accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock,
biriktirmek 1. collect (toplamak); synonyms (v)
disperse, distribute, 2. save (kurtarmak,
70
Turkish - English
saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize,
rescue, conserve, free, keep, maintain, preserve,

liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep)
except, but; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste,
3. gather (toplamak); synonyms (v) deduce,
collect, compile, flock, garner, meet, tuck, earn,
rally, reap, derive, converge, extract, conclude, (n)
fold; antonym (v) scatter, 4. store (ambar, depo,
depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n)
shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve,
supply, accumulation, fund, place, (v) stock, bank,
cache, pile, save.
birim 1. unit (nite); synonyms (n) troop, element,
group, squad, aggregate, cell, team, detachment,
member, ace, company, component, part, section,
(adj) one, 2. module (modl); synonyms (n)
faculty, paradigm, subarray, bay, classes,
constituent, course, diameter, lessons, program,
protoplast, curriculum, piece, staff, 3. volume
(cilt, hacim, oylum); synonyms (n) bulk, size,
book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension,
amount, capacity, intensity, loudness, tome,
journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness.
birinci 1. first (ilk); synonyms (adv) foremost, before,
rather, early, (adj) best, beginning, chief, primitive,
former, forward, head, initial, leading, maiden, (n)
commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, (n) end,
2. premier (babakan); synonyms (adj) first, arch,
main, principal, (n) chancellor, minister, (v)
premiere, 3. primary (birincil); synonyms (adj)
basic, elementary, essential, major, original,
fundamental, preliminary, primal, aboriginal,
basal, capital, central, dominant, (n) paramount,
cardinal; antonym (adj) secondary.
birincil primary; synonyms (adj) chief, basic,
elementary, essential, first, foremost, major,
original, fundamental, initial, preliminary, primal,
(n) paramount, main, cardinal; antonym (adj)
secondary.
birisi 1. somebody (biri); synonyms (pron) someone,
anybody, (n) individual, person, personage,
creature, man, mortal, body, homo, human, (adj)
celebrity, hero, lion, notability; antonym (pron)
nobody, 2. someone; synonyms (pron) somebody,
anyone, (n) self, party, one, soul.
birka 1. several; synonyms (adj) many, different,
individual, various, numerous, particular, separate,
special, manifold, respective, (v) diverse, divers,
sundry, (n) some, (det) any; antonym (adj) few, 2.
some (baz, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather,
round, almost, near, (adj) certain, several,
extraordinary, quantitative, (n) one.
birleik 1. joint (eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms
(adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative,
mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam,
connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate;
antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private,

separate, 2. combined; synonyms (adj) joint,
united, aggregate, amalgamated, concerted,
incorporate, conjunct, conjunctive, connected,
fused, joined, (adv) jointly, together; antonym (adj)
simple, 3. united; synonyms (adj) combined, allied,
mixed, undivided, unanimous, conjoint, linked,
one, associated, coupled, inseparable, solid, (v)
consolidated, (n) harmonious; antonym (adj)
divided.
birleme 1. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n)
connection, league, affinity, association,
combination, confederacy, union, affiliation,
alignment, alinement, coalition, merger,
nonalignment, 2. coalition; synonyms (n) alliance,
coalescence, confederation, fusion, junction,
compact, bond, consolidation, federation,
unification, 3. accord (ahenk, anlama);
synonyms (n) agreement, assent, consensus,
harmony, consonance, (v) agree, concord, consent,
give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust,
comply; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife,
(v) conflict, 4. union (birlik); synonyms (n)
coupling, marriage, matrimony, conjunction, joint,
brotherhood, club, concurrence, conjugation,
fraternity, guild, link, partnership, synthesis,
unison; antonyms (n) separation, divergence, 5.
unification; synonyms (n) blending,
conglutination; antonyms (n) division, segregation.
birlemek 1. join (birletirmek); synonyms (v)
connect, unite, associate, combine, link, graft,
assemble, affiliate, attach, meet, affix, annex,
conjoin, converge, (n) bond; antonyms (v) detach,
secede, separate, split, undo, 2. ally; synonyms (n)
confederate, accomplice, companion, friend,
colleague, partner, accessory, adherent, assistant,
auxiliary, comrade, (v) align, support, band, (adj)
coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, foe, opponent,
3. combine; synonyms (v) amalgamate, blend,
fuse, piece, aggregate, coalesce, incorporate, join,
league, merge, mix, alloy, add, (n) cartel,
combination.
birlemi united; synonyms (adj) joined, joint,
combined, cooperative, connected, allied, mutual,
concerted, mixed, common, conjunctive,
undivided, conjunct, unanimous, (v) consolidated;
antonyms (adj) individual, separate, divided.
birletirme 1. combination; synonyms (n) alliance,
antonyms (n) separation, (adj) simple, 2.
unification; synonyms (n) combination, fusion,
synthesis, consolidation, blending, conglutination;
antonyms (n) division, segregation.
Turkish - English
71
birletirmek 1. join (birlemek); synonyms (v)
confederation, 7. alliance (ittifak); synonyms
connect, unite, associate, combine, link, graft,

assemble, affiliate, attach, meet, affix, annex,
conjoin, converge, (n) bond; antonyms (v) detach,
secede, separate, split, undo, 2. combine;
synonyms (v) amalgamate, blend, fuse, piece,
aggregate, coalesce, incorporate, join, league,
merge, mix, alloy, band, (n) cartel, combination, 3.
couple (ift); synonyms (n) brace, yoke, duo,
dyad, twosome, (v) pair, copulate, tie, match, mate,
fasten, wed, bridge, add, (adj) hook; antonym (v)
uncouple, 4. joint (birleik, eklem, mafsal,
ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common,
communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, twin, (n)
articulation, hinge, seam, connection, joining,
junction, juncture, (v) articulate; antonyms (adj)
individual, unilateral, private, 5. compound;
synonyms (n) complex, amalgam, concoction,
mixture, brew, composition, preparation, compost,
union, (v) compromise, augment, commingle,
multiply, (adj) composite, mixed; antonym (adj)
simple, 6. ally; synonyms (n) confederate,
accomplice, companion, friend, colleague, partner,
accessory, adherent, assistant, auxiliary, comrade,
(v) align, support, marry, (adj) coadjutor; antonyms
(n) adversary, foe, opponent, 7. bond (ba,
bono); synonyms (n) association, alliance, deed,
agreement, cement, attachment, bail, joint,
adhesion, chain, contract, fetter, ligament, (v) bind,
adhere, 8. pool (havuz); synonyms (n) plash, lake,
pond, mere, basin, kitty, syndicate, trust, billiards,
lough, store, bank, jackpot, loch, (v) consolidate.
birli ace (as); synonyms (n) expert, one, virtuoso,
wizard, adept, master, star, (adj) crack, dot, iota, jot,
outstanding, particle, point, super.
birlik 1. union; synonyms (n) coalition, connection,
junction, association, combination, league, merger,
alliance, coalescence, confederacy, coupling, fusion,
marriage, matrimony, unification; antonyms (n)
separation, divergence, 2. unity; synonyms (n)
union, agreement, concord, harmony, oneness,
unison, completeness, integrity, consistency,
identity, one, single, consensus, entirety,
communion; antonym (n) discord, 3.
combination; synonyms (n) blend, amalgam,
aggregate, amalgamation, collection, complex,
composition, concoction, consolidation, federation,
group, integration, mix, mixture, (adj) compound;
antonym (adj) simple, 4. solidarity; synonyms (n)
community, fellowship, cooperation, sodality,
unity, body, friendship, coherence, amity,
collaboration, companionship, company,
comradeship, (adj) solidity, 5. association
(dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation, assembly,
affinity, link, partnership, society, syndicate,
congress, meeting, band, brotherhood, club,
communication, conference, (v) assemblage, 6.
(n) alignment, alinement, organization, bond,
confederation, conjunction, guild, party, relation,

relationship, agnation; antonym (n) nonalignment,
8. unit (birim, nite); synonyms (n) troop,
element, squad, cell, team, detachment, member,
ace, component, part, section, system, whole, crew,
division.
birlikte together (beraber); synonyms (adv) jointly,
conjointly, simultaneously, collectively, running,
(adj) united, composed, stable, whole; antonyms
(adv) individually, separately, independently, (adj)
separate.
birliktelik association (dernek); synonyms (n)
affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity,
company, fellowship, link, partnership, society,
syndicate, congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage.
birrnek uniform (niforma); synonyms (adj)
regular, even, constant, steady, equal, consistent,
same, equable, homogenous, invariable, level,
unchanging, fixed, (n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj)
varied, assorted, inconsistent, unequal.
birtakm some (baz, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly,
bisiklet 1. bicycle; synonyms (n) machine, vehicle,
coach, rack, (v) bike, wheel, cycle, pedal,
motorcycle, drive, roll, 2. cycle; synonyms (n)
bicycle, circle, round, ring, sequence, circuit,
period, turn, bout, beat, run, age, interval, orbit,
revolution, 3. bike; synonym (n) motorbike.
biskvi biscuit; synonyms (n) cookie, cooky, beige,
head, tan, slug, spray, (adj) glamorous.
bit bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop,
fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred,
snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling.
bitap exhausted; synonyms (v) weak, (adj) drained,
fatigued, spent, tired, gone, dry, beat, depleted,
empty, enervated, faint, jaded, weary, expended;
antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, refreshed, strong.
bitik wan; synonyms (v) pale, (adj) pallid, cadaverous,
ghastly, sickly, faint, haggard, ashen, colorless,
pasty, sallow, bloodless, lurid, weak, ashy;
antonym (adj) strong.
bitirme 1. completion (tamamlama); synonyms (n)
close, accomplishment, achievement, attainment,
consummation, finish, closing, conclusion, ending,
fulfillment, performance, complement, end,
execution, perfection; antonym (n) start, 2.
finishing; synonyms (adj) last, final, ultimate, (n)
completion, coating.
bitirmek 1. end (bitmek, erek, son); synonyms (n)
close, aim, closure, destination, conclusion, death,
cause, demise, object, (v) cease, complete, finish,
discontinue, conclude, (prep) consequence;
72
Turkish - English
antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening,

middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 2. complete
(eksiksiz, tam, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj)
perfect, absolute, consummate, whole, full, stark,
accomplished, all, (v) accomplish, achieve, execute,
act, attain, clear, effect; antonyms (adj) incomplete,
partial, unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy,
lacking, narrow, qualified, (v) neglect, 3. finish
(bitmek, son); synonyms (v) end, determine,
consume, do, stop, culminate, deplete, exhaust,
expire, (n) ending, finale, glaze, accomplishment,
coating, completion, 4. conclude; synonyms (v)
gather, assume, deduce, resolve, settle, terminate,
decide, derive, generalize, judge, reason,
understand, suppose, quit, dispatch.
biti finish (bitmek, son); synonyms (v) end,
complete, achieve, execute, accomplish, cease,
determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n) close,
consummate, conclusion, death, conclude;
antonyms (v) start, begin, continue, (n) beginning.
bitiik 1. adjacent; synonyms (adj) abutting,
adjoining, close, contiguous, conterminous, nearby,
neighboring, next, touching, bordering, handy,
immediate, nigh, (adv) near; antonym (adj) distant,
2. attached; synonyms (adj) connected,
affectionate, affiliated, committed, associated,
devoted, fond, loving, loyal; antonyms (adj)
detached, separate, unmarried.
bititirmek joint (birleik, eklem, mafsal, ortak);

unilateral, private, separate.
bitki plant; synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment,
factory, herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set,
constitute, establish, found, lay, bury.
bitkiler vegetation; synonyms (n) flora, growth,
plants, foliage, quietism, plant, bushes, flowers,
idleness, shrubs, undergrowth, grass, leaves.
bitkin 1. weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired,
wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, 2.
wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, unhappy,
forlorn, pitiful, sad, deplorable, lamentable, low,
mean, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, sorry, (v)
miserable, poor; antonym (adj) happy, 3. worn;
synonyms (v) decayed, rotten, (adj) haggard, shabby,
ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn, jaded,
careworn, decrepit, faded, frayed, raddled, seedy;
antonym (adj) new, 4. spent; synonyms (v) evanid,
past, slack, (adj) prostrate, expended, finished, gone,
dead, effete, drained, weary, worn, fagged;
antonym (adj) remaining.
bitkinlik 1. fatigue; synonyms (n) exhaustion,
tiredness, weariness, lethargy, (v) exhaust, tire,
weary, bore, enervate, fag, harass, jade, wear,

drain, (adj) flag; antonyms (n) energy, (v) refresh, 2.
exhaustion; synonyms (n) fatigue, consumption,
enervation, lassitude, weakening, expenditure,
debilitation, enfeeblement, (adj) collapse,
prostration, apoplexy, deliquium.
bitmek 1. end (bitirmek, erek, son); synonyms (n)
middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 2. finish (son);
synonyms (v) end, achieve, execute, accomplish,
determine, consume, do, stop, (n) consummate,
ending, finale, glaze, accomplishment, coating,
completion, 3. conclude; synonyms (v) gather,
assume, deduce, resolve, settle, terminate, decide,
derive, generalize, judge, reason, understand,
suppose, quit, dispatch, 4. cease (durmak);
synonyms (v) break, abstain, drop, desist, expire,
halt, lapse, leave, pause, block, abandon, cut, (n)
termination, cessation, (adj) abate, 5. stop (durak,
durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v)
stand, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch,
disrupt, dwell, hinder, (n) hold, stay, check, arrest,
bar, curb; antonyms (v) encourage, permit, prolong.
bitmemi incomplete; synonyms (adj) defective,
deficient, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, halfway,
lacking, short, unfinished, half, insufficient,
fragmentary, sketchy, scarce, (n) rough; antonyms
(adj) complete, finished, whole.
bitmi 1. finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete,
completed, ended, perfect, consummate, absolute,
accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round,
capable, (adv) over; antonyms (adj) unfinished,
incomplete, remaining, rough, 2. done (tamam);
synonyms (adj) finished, gone, through, 3. over;
synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by, o'er, on,
too, crosswise, anew, (prep) above, during, (n) overs,
(adj) extra, odd, past.
bitti done (tamam); synonyms (adj) finished,
complete, completed, over, gone, through, (adv)
ended; antonym (adj) unfinished.
biyografi biography; synonyms (n) autobiography,
history, life, memoirs, memoir, story, animation.
biyoloji biology; synonyms (n) physiology, anatomy,
biota.
biyolojik biological; synonyms (adj) biologic, organic,
environmental, natal, natural, physical, true, actual,
birth, ecological, genetic, geographical, geological,
real.
biyopsi biopsy; synonyms (n) analysis, radiology,
examination, urinalysis.
biz us; synonyms (n) aurochs, demigod, superman.
bize us; synonyms (n) aurochs, demigod, superman.
bizi us; synonyms (n) aurochs, demigod, superman.
Turkish - English
bizzat personally; synonyms (adv) individually,
directly, confidentially, intimately, privately,
specially, well, secretly, separately, closely,
individualistically, instinctively, intuitively,
narrowly, particularly.
blok block (tkamak); synonyms (n) bar, barricade,
pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder, encumber,
halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug, (adj) lump;
antonyms (v) free, unblock, open.
blucin jeans; synonyms (n) pants, chinos, khakis,
slacks, dungarees.
bbrek kidney; synonyms (n) class, variety, feather,
kind, nature, stripe, mettle, type, description, order,
nephros, waiter.
bcek insect; synonyms (n) bug, worm, bird, fish,
louse, beast, amphibian, animal, crustacean,
mammal, (adj) animalcule, maggot, midge, minnow,
shrimp.
bodrum 1. basement; synonyms (n) cellar, base,
bottom, vault, kitchen, offices, pantry, scullery,
footing, catacomb, floor, sepulcher, stomach, tomb,
2. cellar (kiler); synonyms (n) basement, cellarage,
winery, cockpit, hold, bound, cell, vineyard,
chateau, curvet, estate, jump, leap, spring, tumble.
bodur 1. short (ksa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise,
scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious,
laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate,
insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high,
lengthy, 2. low (alak); synonyms (adj)
contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue,
common, deep, dejected, depressed, down,
downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n)
depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, highpitched, loud, important, piercing.
boa bull; synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot,
absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, cop,
copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder.
boaz 1. throat; synonyms (n) gullet, orifice, pharynx,
gorge, mouth, muzzle, chimney, flue, funnel,
nostril, nozzle, quarl, shaft, sucker, 2. sound
(ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast,
(adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just,
rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence,
(adj) illogical, unsound, confused.
boazlamak butcher (kasap); synonyms (n)
assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer,
slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v)
assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay.
bouk thick (kaln); synonyms (adj) dense, compact,
stupid, crowded, dull, heavy, opaque, slow, stocky,
close, deep, dim, familiar, fat, gross; antonyms (adj)
thin, intelligent, bright, sparse, clever, diluted, fine,
slight, transparent.
boum 1. node (dm); synonyms (n) knob,
connection, joint, knot, nodosity, nub, swelling,
client, guest, 2. knot; synonyms (n) bow, cluster,
73
tie, loop, bunch, gang, lump, tangle, band, burl,

crowd, (v) entangle, knit, bind, fasten.
boumak 1. buffet (bfe); synonyms (n) blow,
canteen, restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff,
buff, hit, knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike,
thump, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle,
combat, conflict, strain, effort, exertion, scramble,
scuffle, (v) fight, attempt, dispute, endeavor, labor,
quarrel; antonyms (v) flourish, glide.
boha 1. pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms (n)
bundle, mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, batch,
backpack, box, gang, (v) crowd, compress, heap,
cram, fill; antonym (v) unpack, 2. package
(paket); synonyms (n) pack, packaging, packet,
parcel, carton, container, collection, (v) wrap;
antonym (v) unwrap, 3. bundle; synonyms (n)
cluster, pile, sheaf, group, load, package, stack,
wad, set, lot, mass, mint, mound, mountain, (v)
clump.
bok shit; synonyms (n) crap, bullshit, cocksucker,
dump, junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool, defecate,
(adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces, ordure.
boks boxing; synonyms (n) pugilism, fisticuffs,
packing, sparring, backpacking, fisticuff,
handyfight, parcelling, fistfight, slugfest, wadding,
(adj) fighting.
boksr fighter; synonyms (n) combatant, battler,
belligerent, champion, soldier, warrior, militant,
activist, crusader.
bol 1. abundant; synonyms (adj) copious, generous,
lush, luxuriant, thick, plenty, affluent, ample,
fertile, fruitful, liberal, plentiful, prolific, rich,
substantial; antonyms (adj) scarce, sparse, meager,
2. ample; synonyms (adj) abundant, big, broad,
large, considerable, full, heavy, roomy, sizable,
spacious, sufficient, voluminous, adequate,
bountiful, capacious; antonyms (adj) inadequate,
small, insufficient, 3. rich (zengin); synonyms
(adj) productive, deep, fat, luxurious, opulent,
bright, fecund, grand, magnificent, mellow,
plenteous, wealthy, well-off, (v) ornate, florid;
antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute,
impoverished, light, 4. generous; synonyms (adj)
benevolent, charitable, fair, flush, kind, benign,
bounteous, handsome, kindly, munificent, noble,
open, philanthropic, unstinting, (n) free; antonyms
(adj) stingy, mean, measly, miserly, tightfisted,
avaricious, greedy, ungenerous, 5. full (dolu);
synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, enough,
extensive, total, detailed, comprehensive, good,
plump, undivided, whole, wide, all, (n) entire,
crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking, starving,
hungry, sketchy, incomplete, 6. large (byk,
geni); synonyms (adj) bulky, high, great, gross,
hefty, huge, important, stout, colossal,
commodious, enormous, expansive, giant, gigantic,
immense; antonyms (adj) cramped, insignificant, 7.
74
Turkish - English
handsome (gzel, yakkl); synonyms (adj)
elegant, beautiful, charming, fine, attractive,
comely, bonny, exquisite, gorgeous, graceful,
lovely, prepossessing, pretty, decent, tidy;
antonyms (adj) ugly, unattractive, 8. liberal;
synonyms (adj) giving, tolerant, lavish, easy,
bighearted, enlightened, freehanded, permissive,
left, frank, indulgent, lenient, advanced, gratuitous,
(n) progressive; antonyms (adj) strict, oppressive,
totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative, 9. loose;
synonyms (adj) lax, dissolute, licentious, vague,
detached, immoral, lewd, incoherent, clear, (v)
disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) limp;
antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut,
compact, wedged, 10. wealthy (zengin);
synonyms (adj) moneyed, prosperous, loaded,
abounding, monied, successful, thriving, 11. rank
(sra); synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation,
line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class,
classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym
(adj) fresh, 12. wide (geni); synonyms (adj) vast,
expanded, extended, sweeping, blanket, general,
cavernous, encompassing, gaping, inaccurate,
panoptic, (adv) far, widely, astray; antonyms (adj)
narrow, thin, restricted.
Bl 1. split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme,

yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit,
burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n)
break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v)
join, unite, merge, 2. divide (ayrmak, blmek);
synonyms (v) distribute, part, dissociate, apportion,
detach, disconnect, dismember, dispense, share,
split, deal, distinguish, carve, disjoint, allot.
blge 1. zone; synonyms (n) area, district, region,
section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer,
territory, province, neighborhood, orbit, circuit,
division, 2. region; synonyms (n) land, country,
field, domain, part, range, department, expanse,
ground, place, dominion, demesne, direction,
extent, position, 3. district; synonyms (n)
community, county, jurisdiction, constituency,
hemisphere, municipality, sector, sphere, state,
tract, vicinity, ward, environs, (adj) local, (v) zone, 4.
belt (kemer, kuak); synonyms (n) ribbon, strap,
knock, strip, bang, stretch, (v) band, hit, wallop,
whack, beat, smash, whip, thrash, flog, 5. ward;
synonyms (n) guard, charge, custody, protection,
care, defense, keep, protege, pupil, cellblock, (v)
shelter, protect, defend, (adj) screen, cover, 6.
section (blm, kesit, ksm); synonyms (n)
portion, compartment, percentage, piece, class,
branch, chapter, clause, episode, partition,
subdivision, arm, article, fraction, (v) segment, 7.
area (alan); synonyms (n) size, width, breadth,
compass, room, scope, space, dimension, line,
topic, grounds, ambit, capacity, discipline, (adj)
regional, 8. tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet,
dissertation, lot, plot, track, tractate, treatise,

discourse, exposition, parcel, park, patch, pathway,
9. quarter (eyrek); synonyms (n) mercy, quart,
fourth, grace, poop, side, clemency, flank, (v) lodge,
put, accommodate, billet, canton, divide, lay, 10.
sector (kesim); synonyms (n) quadrant, arena.
blgesel regional; synonyms (adj) district, local,
parochial, sectional, neighborhood, topical, native,
community, home, neighboring; antonym (adj)
central.
bolluk 1. abundance (bereket); synonyms (n)
insufficiency, lack, shortage, 2. plenty; synonyms
(n) abundance, many, much, plenteousness,
opulence, galore, flood, multitude, heap, lot,
plentifulness, plentitude, (adj) adequate, ample,
plentiful; antonyms (n) few, (adj) insufficient, 3.
wealth; synonyms (n) capital, fortune, property,
mammon, resources, assets, excess, prosperity,
possession, cornucopia, overabundance, plethora,
possessions, (v) money, gold; antonyms (n) poverty,
penury, 4. flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n)
deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow,
inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge,
swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, (v) trickle,
5. stack (yn, ymak); synonyms (n) pile,
accumulation, mound, rick, mass, bunch, bundle,
hill, mountain, shock, hoard, collection, haystack,
(v) load, pack, 6. store (ambar, depo,
depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n)
shop, market, business, emporium, reserve, supply,
(v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache,
keep, preserve, collect.
Blme 1. division (blm); synonyms (n)
department, disagreement, allotment, branch,
break, class, compartment, part, section, split,
cleavage, classification, category, (adj) constituent,
(v) distribution; antonyms (n) closeness,
convergence, estimation, unification, 2.
compartment; synonyms (n) cell, division, cabin,
cubicle, separation, bay, booth, cubbyhole, (v)
apartment, partition, 3. screen (ekran, perde);
synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, veil,
guard, curtain, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide,
mask, protect, shelter, cloak, 4. bay (koy);
synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord,
sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap,
roar, bellow, howl.
blmek 1. divide (ayrmak); synonyms (v) cut,
distribute, part, dissociate, apportion, detach,
disconnect, dismember, dispense, separate, share,
split, deal, distinguish, (n) break; antonyms (v)
unite, join, 2. split (ayrmak, blnme,
yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, fracture, slit, burst,
Turkish - English
divide, divorce, breach, cleave, division, fork, (n)
rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft; antonym (v)
merge, 3. separate (ayrmak, ayr); synonyms
(adj) detached, individual, particular, single,
disjoined, (v) insulate, scatter, discrete,
discriminate, disjoin, disperse, isolate, demarcate,
differentiate, disengage; antonyms (adj) connected,
joined, simultaneous, (v) mix, combine, fuse, link,
associate, 4. segment (kesim, para); synonyms
(n) paragraph, bit, piece, portion, slice, proportion,
length, sector, subdivision, metamere, parcel, block,
strip, (v) section, partition, 5. section (blm,
kesit, ksm); synonyms (n) compartment,
percentage, class, branch, chapter, clause,
department, episode, region, quarter, area, arm,
article, district, (v) segment.
blm 1. section (kesit, ksm); synonyms (n)
division, part, portion, compartment, percentage,
piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, department,
episode, partition, region, (v) segment, 2. chapter;
synonyms (n) article, convocation, head, section,
stage, caput, installment, 3. department;
synonyms (n) bureau, area, agency, faculty, arm,
domain, field, line, office, realm, subject, service,
district, group, kingdom, 4. division; synonyms
(n) disagreement, allotment, break, split, cleavage,
classification, category, component, difference,
discord, cut, demarcation, sharing, (adj) constituent,
convergence, estimation, unification, 5. part
(para); synonyms (n) character, share, bit,
element, factor, fragment, (v) disjoin, divide,
divorce, cleave, dissociate, depart, detach,
disconnect, disunite; antonyms (n) whole, entirety,
(adj) complete, 6. episode; synonyms (n) affair,
event, incident, occurrence, happening, occasion,
circumstance, subdivision, anecdote, experience,
fact, instalment, interlude, parenthesis, sequence,
7. portion (para, porsiyon); synonyms (n) allot,
parcel, dole, allowance, deal, destiny, fate, fortune,
member, apportion, (v) lot, dividend, assign,
dispense, distribute, 8. segment (kesim, para);
synonyms (n) paragraph, slice, proportion, length,
sector, metamere, block, strip, chunk, 9. bay
(koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry,
harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj)
brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl, 10. category
(kategori, ulam); synonyms (n) denomination,
kind, type, variety, form, level, sort, cohort, plight,
brand, breed, collection, estate, family, grade, 11.
branch (dal, dallanmak, ube); synonyms (n)
jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, limb, offshoot,
outgrowth, shoot, stem, stick, twig, scion, (v) fork,
diverge, (adj) tributary.
blmsel partial (ksmi); synonyms (adj) incomplete,
imperfect, fragmentary, unfair, sectional,
inequitable, biased, part, unequal, halfway,
75
partisan, prejudiced, unfinished, unjust, (v) party;

antonyms (adj) complete, impartial, total, absolute,
comprehensive, unbiased.
blnen dividend; synonyms (n) allotment, bonus,
gain, division, portion, profit, balance, revenue, (v)
share.
blnme 1. split (ayrmak, blmek, yarmak);

synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide,
separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip,
rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite,
merge, 2. division (blm); synonyms (n)
department, disagreement, allotment, branch, class,
compartment, part, section, split, classification,
category, component, difference, (adj) constituent,
convergence, estimation, unification.
blnmek 1. divide (ayrmak, blmek); synonyms
(v) cut, distribute, part, dissociate, apportion,
detach, disconnect, dismember, dispense, separate,
share, split, deal, distinguish, (n) break; antonyms
(v) unite, join, 2. split (ayrmak, blmek,
blnme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, fracture,
slit, burst, divide, divorce, breach, cleave, division,
fork, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft; antonym
(v) merge.
blmek 1. split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme,

join, unite, merge, 2. share (hisse, hisse senedi,
pay, paylamak); synonyms (n) piece, portion,
deal, dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot,
apportion, distribute, part, partake, dispense,
partition, assign; antonym (v) control.
blt segment (kesim, para); synonyms (n)
division, paragraph, bit, piece, portion, share, slice,
proportion, length, cut, sector, (v) section, part,
divide, partition.
bomba 1. bomb (bombalamak); synonyms (n)
grenade, shell, dud, rocket, bullet, explosive, fiasco,
failure, (v) blast, bombard, fail, flop, explode, 2.
egg (yumurta); synonyms (n) ball, rudiment,
eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock,
bud, embryo, nucleus, addict, baseball, beginning.
bombalamak 1. bomb (bomba); synonyms (n)
grenade, shell, dud, rocket, bullet, explosive, fiasco,
failure, (v) blast, bombard, fail, flop, explode, 2.
blast; synonyms (n) bang, slam, burst, gust, (v)
attack, blare, blight, bomb, boom, detonate, roar,
smash, blow, (adj) discharge, explosion.
bono bond (ba); synonyms (n) association, tie,
connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band,
adhere.
bonservis 1. character (karakter); synonyms (n)
kind, nature, note, part, quality, role, type, brand,
76
Turkish - English
constitution, description, disposition, eccentric,

spirit, tone, standing, 2. reference (ilgi,
referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention,
quotation, quote, allusion, bearing, connection,
recommendation, innuendo, annotation, character,
concern, consultation, (v) cite, refer.
bora storm; synonyms (n) tempest, attack, shower,
blizzard, burst, gust, hurricane, (v) rage, rush,
assault, fume, hail, charge, bluster, invade.
bor debt; synonyms (n) debit, score, due, liability,
obligation, bill, commitment, indebtment, charge,
amount, cost, damage, deduction, dette, dueness.
borlu debtor; synonyms (n) bankrupt, debitor,
levanter, stag, welsher, delinquent, insolvent,
nonpayer, cheat.
borsa 1. exchange (santral); synonyms (n)
commutation, swap, switch, commerce, conversion,
substitute, (v) change, barter, interchange,
commute, counterchange, alternate, alter, cash,
convert, 2. market; synonyms (n) fair, shop,
bazaar, marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v)
demand, sell, commercialize, exchange, handle,
merchandise, sale.
boru 1. pipe (pipo); synonyms (n) tube, conduit,
channel, duct, flue, hose, passage, pipage, (v) cry,
peep, screech, shriek, sing, squeak, creak, 2. tube;
synonyms (n) pipe, subway, cylinder, metro,
hosepipe, television, box, piping, bulb, shaft, roll,
tubing, underground, 3. horn (boynuz, korna);
synonyms (n) hooter, cornet, klaxon, alarm,
trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool, ophicleide,
trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v) butt.
bo 1. empty (boaltmak); synonyms (adj) discharge,
hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned,
deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate,
pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded,
meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited,
occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v)
fill, 2. free (ak, bedava, zgr, serbest,
liberal, open, (v) exempt, liberate, excuse, extricate,
ease, release; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted,
confine, block, cage, 3. blank (boluk); synonyms
(adj) empty, unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull,
expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, (n) space,
form, emptiness, gap, hiatus, lacuna; antonyms (adj)
animated, expressive, 4. vacant; synonyms (adj)
devoid, free, idle, unoccupied, void, vacuous,
inane, available, listless, disengaged, unemployed,
glassy, unthinking, 5. idle (aylak); synonyms (adj)
inactive, indolent, lazy, baseless, frivolous,
fruitless, groundless, unfounded, flimsy, dead,
futile, jobless, light, (v) loaf, moon; antonyms (adj)
active, employed, (v) change, 6. waste; synonyms
(n) desert, refuse, damage, trash, dissipation,

garbage, (adj) spoil, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin,
squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate;

antonyms (v) conserve, save, 7. spare; synonyms
(adj) reserve, slender, excess, slight, additional, lean,
slim, thin, frugal, gaunt, redundant, (v) meager,
economize, (n) extra, backup, 8. meaningless;
synonyms (adj) insignificant, pointless, stupid,
useless, worthless, absurd, needless, purposeless,
senseless, illogical, silly.
boalma discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n)
release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve,
complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast,
bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture,
hire.
boalmak empty (bo, boaltmak); synonyms (adj)
discharge, hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren,
abandoned, deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete,
desolate, pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded,
fill.
boaltma discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n)
hire.
boaltmak 1. empty (bo); synonyms (adj) discharge,
hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned,
deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate,
pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded,
fill, 2. discharge; synonyms (n) release, dismissal,
(v) acquit, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier,
burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty,
exonerate; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 3. pour;
synonyms (v) gush, shed, decant, flow, pelt, scatter,
stream, emit, jet, run, teem, effuse, deluge, (n)
overflow, rain; antonym (v) drizzle.
boamak divorce; synonyms (n) separation,
divorcement, rupture, (v) detach, dissociate,
disunite, separate, divide, isolate, disjoin, disjoint,
disassociate, part, sever, split; antonyms (n)
marriage, wedding.
boanma divorce; synonyms (n) separation,
marriage, wedding.
boanmak divorce; synonyms (n) separation,
marriage, wedding.
boluk 1. blank (bo); synonyms (adj) bare, empty,
unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull,
Turkish - English
form, emptiness, gap, hiatus; antonyms (adj)
animated, full, expressive, 2. gap (aralk);
synonyms (n) break, cleft, crack, crevice, fissure,
aperture, chasm, clearance, difference, fracture,
opening, vacancy, blank, chink, (v) breach, 3.
vacuum; synonyms (n) void, vacuity, nothingness,
inanity, 4. space (alan, aralk, uzay, yer);
synonyms (n) length, period, place, scope, margin,
distance, extent, interval, latitude, location, range,
room, field, volume, berth, 5. hole (delik);
synonyms (n) cavity, den, pocket, burrow, cave,
corner, depression, fix, hollow, lair, pit, vent,
cavern, cranny, cell.
bot boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain,
boy 1. length (uzunluk); synonyms (n) extent,
distance, range, duration, compass, depth,
dimension, longness, measurement, size, quantity,
degree, (v) expanse, tract, area; antonyms (n)
briefness, shortness, width, 2. size (boyut,
byklk); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity,
dimensions, largeness, glue, amount, breadth,
magnitude, mass, sizing, proportion, (v) gauge,
scale, (adj) gum; antonyms (n) length, slenderness,
3. tribe (kabile); synonyms (n) family, clan, house,
folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race, stock,
lineage, breed, line, folks, kind.
boya 1. paint (boyamak); synonyms (n) painting,
tint, coating, (v) color, dye, daub, coat, decorate,
depict, varnish, enamel, apply, lacquer, describe,
draw, 2. colour (renk); synonyms (n) coloration,
coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v)
discolor, discolour, distort, tinge.
boyac painter; synonyms (n) artist, limner, cable,
catamount, cougar, guy, halser, hawser, line.
boyama painting (resim); synonyms (n) picture,
portrait, likeness, depiction, icon, design, image,
coat, drawing, art.
boyamak 1. paint (boya); synonyms (n) painting,
tint, coating, (v) color, dye, daub, coat, decorate,
depict, varnish, enamel, apply, lacquer, describe,
draw, 2. colour (renk); synonyms (n) coloration,
coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v)
discolor, discolour, distort, tinge.
byle 1. so; synonyms (adv) accordingly, as,
consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore,
insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj)
likewise, 2. such; synonyms (adv) what, (adj) like,
sic, sich, slik, swich, resembling, 3. thus
(bylece); synonyms (adv) so, thence, ergo, thusly.
bylece 1. thus (byle); synonyms (adv) therefore,
then, consequently, so, hence, accordingly, thence,
ergo, thusly, 2. so (byle); synonyms (adv) as,
thus, indeed, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol,
(pron) that, (adj) likewise.
77
boynuz horn (korna); synonyms (n) hooter, cornet,

klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool,
ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v)
butt.
boyun neck; synonyms (n) throat, cervix, neckline,
lapel, beard, (v) pet, cut, love, manage, kiss, behead,
bang, bed, (adj) stricture, wasp.
boyuna always (daima, hep, her zaman);

synonyms (adv) forever, continuously, whenever,
eternally, ever, unceasingly, consistently,
constantly, continually, e'er, everlastingly,
evermore, hourly, (adj) still, eternal; antonyms (adv)
never, erratically.
boyunba tie (balamak, kravat); synonyms (n)
band, connection, draw, lace, association,
relationship, sleeper, (v) link, bond, attach, bind,
join, knot, connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect,
untie, undo.
boyunca 1. along; synonyms (adv) ahead, forward,
lengthwise, on, onward, endlong, (prep) beside, (prf)
by; antonym (adv) across, 2. over; synonyms (adv)
beyond, more, o'er, too, crosswise, anew, (prep)
above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra,
odd, past, gone, 3. throughout; synonyms (adv)
around, about, bodily, passim.
boyut 1. dimension; synonyms (n) degree, breadth,
bulk, magnitude, size, attribute, length, proportion,
range, dimensions, bigness, stretch, amount, extent,
mass, 2. size (byklk); synonyms (n) measure,
capacity, dimension, largeness, quantity, glue,
measurement, sizing, content, compass, enormity,
fatness, (v) gauge, scale, (adj) gum; antonym (n)
slenderness.
boyutlar dimensions; synonyms (n) bulk, size,
capacity, volume, magnitude, extent, body, book,
coil, compass, convolution, figure, gauge,
physique, (v) admeasure.
boz grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish,
hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness,
(v) gray.
bozdurmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split,
crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture,
pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite,
suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor,
mend, (n) continuation, 2. cash (para); synonyms
(n) ready, bread, capital, change, funds, money,
coin, coins, currency, exchange, means, needful,
wealth, (v) encash, liquidate; antonym (n) credit.
bozgun defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin,
beating, (v) crush, overcome, beat, conquer, abolish,
baffle, foil, overpower, repulse, rout, subdue, (adj)
rebuff; antonyms (n) victory, success, win, (v) lose,
surrender.
bozma dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup,
decomposition, abolition, cancellation, analysis,
dismissal, annulment, death, dissipation, demise,
78
Turkish - English
adjournment, departure, disintegration,

licentiousness.
bozmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack,
burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause,
rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite,
mend, (n) continuation, 2. cancel (feshetmek,
iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul,
abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke,
abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal,
(adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate, 3.
disturb; synonyms (v) agitate, disconcert, disorder,
disquiet, distract, distress, perturb, trouble, annoy,
bother, commove, concern, derange, disarrange,
discompose; antonyms (v) arrange, calm, please,
smooth, soothe, 4. decay; synonyms (n) decline,
decomposition, ebb, corruption, disintegration,
deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust,
crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate,
disintegrate; antonym (n) growth, 5. upset;
synonyms (v) overturn, overthrow, confuse,
disturb, reverse, subvert, unsettle, defeat,
discomfit, dislocate, (adj) unsettled, hurt, agitated,
confused, (n) disturbance; antonyms (v) encourage,
(adj) pleased, confident.
bozuk 1. broken; synonyms (v) broke, (adj) tame, torn,
busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough, rugged,
ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete, confused,
cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj) constant,
unbroken, intact, whole, wild, 2. defective
(kusurlu); synonyms (adj) deficient, bad, faulty,
broken, lacking, unsound, vicious, inaccurate,
rotten, erroneous, flawed, inadequate, incorrect,
insufficient, lame; antonym (adj) perfect, 3. dirty
(kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible,
bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable,
(v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime,
bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure,
spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 4. dead (lm,
l); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct,
inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct,
fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely;
antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living, 5. bad
(kt); synonyms (adj) evil, adverse, harmful,
immoral, naughty, poisonous, sad, sinister, wicked,
malicious, infamous, appalling, awful, damaging,
(v) decayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, pleasant, well,
well-behaved, (n) good, 6. off (kapal); synonyms
(adv) by, forth, beyond, over, aside, abreast, (adj)
away, putrid, remote, down, wide, cancelled, (n)
murder, (int) out, begone; antonym (adj) on, 7.
faulty; synonyms (adj) defective, false, wrong,
damaged, poor, amiss, tainted, blamable, mistaken,
illogical; antonyms (adj) correct, flawless, 8. down
(aa); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected,
depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited,
downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, (v)
consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj)

cheerful, happy, upward, 9. upset; synonyms (v)
overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother,
confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled,
hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance;
antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj)
pleased, confident, 10. vicious; synonyms (adj)
depraved, brutal, cruel, malevolent, venomous,
nasty, barbarous, savage, spiteful, hurtful,
profligate, fierce, atrocious, ferocious, mischievous;
antonyms (adj) kind, gentle, friendly, 11. rotten
(rk); synonyms (adj) fetid, lousy, musty, off, ill,
shabby, crappy, decomposed, sour, stinking,
terrible, mean, low, (v) rancid, weak, 12. wrong;
synonyms (adj) harm, improper, inappropriate,
abuse, criminal, iniquitous, unjust, untrue, (n)
damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime, mischief,
grievance; antonyms (adj) proper, honest, lawabiding, (adv) correctly, (n) justice.
bozukluk 1. failure; synonyms (n) bankruptcy,
failing, breakdown, decline, deficiency, debacle,
defeat, disappointment, disaster, downfall, error,
loser, loss, abortion, default; antonyms (n) success,
achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever,
attainment, capability, growth, 2. fault (arza,
hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, blame,
blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, break,
demerit, weakness, failure, fracture, imperfection,
(v) culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3.
change (deiiklik, deitirmek); synonyms (n)
shift, alteration, barter, modification, variation,
move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash,
convert, switch, transpose, turn; antonyms (v) stay,
leave, idle, maintain, 4. disturbance; synonyms
(n) agitation, commotion, disorder, turmoil, brawl,
derangement, dislocation, disruption, tumult,
upset, din, affray, annoyance, bother, (adj) trouble,
5. defect (kusur); synonyms (n) fault,
shortcoming, scar, dearth, deformity, foible, vice,
want, inaccuracy, disadvantage, disease, drawback,
frailty, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity.
bozulma 1. corruption; synonyms (n) contamination,
depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth,
infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness,
impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n)
purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness, 2.
breakdown (kme); synonyms (n) collapse,
fault, analysis, failure, ruin, defeat, downfall, fall,
resolution, decay, smash, breakup, debacle,
decomposition, (adj) fiasco, 3. dissolution;
synonyms (n) abolition, cancellation, dismissal,
annulment, death, dissipation, demise,
licentiousness, catalysis, release, closure,
annihilation, 4. disruption; synonyms (n)
breakdown, break, dislocation, rupture, breach,
disturbance, interruption, gap, turmoil,
Turkish - English
commotion, disorganization, chaos,
discontinuance, (v) split, (adj) diruption, 5.
deterioration; synonyms (n) decline, degradation,
corruption, damage, debasement, declension,
degeneration, impairment, wear, atrophy,
diminution, descent, depreciation, (adj) degeneracy,
(v) depravation; antonyms (n) improvement,
development, growth, 6. distortion (arpklk);
synonyms (n) aberration, contortion, deformation,
misrepresentation, exaggeration, malformation,
torture, twist, twisting, caricature, (adj) deformity,
(v) perversion, 7. decay; synonyms (n) ebb,
deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, rust, crumble,
corrupt, decrease, deteriorate, disintegrate, fail,
sink, spoil, (adj) fade, molder.
bozulmak 1. decay; synonyms (n) decline,
collapse, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight,
rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate;
antonym (n) growth, 2. sour; synonyms (adj)
morose, sharp, acid, bitter, rancid, severe, gruff,
dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n)
harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly.
bozulmamak last (geen, son, srmek); synonyms
(v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n)
abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final,
ultimate, conclusive, concluding, farthest;
antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first.
bozulmam intact; synonyms (adj) complete, full,
entire, whole, integral, perfect, unbroken,
undamaged, uninjured, untouched, sound,
inviolate, pure, safe, total; antonym (adj) broken.
bozuma split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme,

join, unite, merge.
bri bridge (kpr); synonyms (n) span, viaduct,
pontoon, tie, crossing, nosepiece, bluff, (v) stretch,
connect, link, traverse, cross.
bronz bronze; synonyms (adj) bronzy, embrown,
boldness, (n) tan, brown, bust, effigy, figure,
figurine, head, iridescence, sculpture, statuette, (v)
marble, plate.
bronzlatrmak bronze; synonyms (adj) bronzy,
embrown, boldness, (n) tan, brown, bust, effigy,
figure, figurine, head, iridescence, sculpture,
statuette, (v) marble, plate.
bro pin (ine); synonyms (n) needle, nail, clip, peg,
axle, brooch, broach, nog, bolt, button, leg, (v) tack,
clasp, fix, fasten.
bror 1. brochure; synonyms (n) booklet, leaflet,
pamphlet, folder, handout, manual, book, 2.
leaflet; synonyms (n) brochure, leaf, circular,
foliole, newsletter, cusp, 3. tract; synonyms (n)
area, essay, expanse, region, dissertation, district,
79
extent, section, lot, plot, domain, land, province,

belt, country.
brt gross (kaba); synonyms (adj) crass, coarse, big,
boorish, common, crude, fat, blunt, disgusting,
broad, brutal, bulky, earthy, (v) foul, (n) aggregate;
antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net.
buuk half; synonyms (n) mediety, halve, piece,
bisection, hemisphere, (adv) halfendeal, imperfectly,
(adj) moiety, part, short, behalf, bisected, divided,
even-steven, halved; antonyms (n) whole, all.
bcr short (bodur, ksa); synonyms (adj) brief,
antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy.
budalaca foolish (aklsz); synonyms (adj) childish,
crazy, fool, daft, dopey, dull, dumb, fatuous,
preposterous, silly, stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy,
(n) absurd; antonyms (adj) wise, sensible, prudent,
shrewd, visionary.
bfe 1. buffet; synonyms (n) blow, canteen,
restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit,
knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike, thump, 2.
cupboard; synonyms (n) closet, cabinet, buffet,
commode, compartment, cranny, cub, nook,
pigeonhole, bin, breakfront, bunker, cellaret,
clothespress, cubicle.
buday 1. wheat; synonyms (n) corn, clavus, maize,
(adj) golden, 2. corn (msr); synonyms (n) cereals,
callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed, keep.
buu 1. steam (buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze,
vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale,
smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas, 2. mist;
synonyms (n) brume, film, steam, rain, (v) blur,
befog, cover, obscure, drizzle, bedim, becloud,
hide, squirt.
bugn today; synonyms (adv) now, currently,
nowadays, presently, immediately, directly,
forthwith, instantly, straightaway, (n) present, (adj)
modern, recent, up-to-date.
bugnk current (akm, cari, geerli); synonyms
(adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant,
actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow,
stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course;
previous.
bugnlerde nowadays; synonyms (adv) now,
currently, presently, today, (n) present.
buhar steam (buu); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze,
vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale,
smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas.
buhran 1. crisis (bunalm, kriz); synonyms (n)
exigency, conjuncture, difficulty, emergency,
juncture, pinch, circumstance, dilemma, situation,
strait, depression, extremity, head, pass,
predicament, 2. depression (bunalm,
80
Turkish - English
knt); synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection,
decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump,

trench, trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n)
cheerfulness, happiness, boom, elation,
encouragement, inflation, outcrop, 3. emergency;
synonyms (n) crisis, contingency, accident, need,
casualty, disaster, demand, emergence, adventure,
catastrophe, (adj) extra.
bukle lock (kilit, kilitlemek); synonyms (n) curl,
hook, padlock, (v) bolt, bar, close, latch, engage,
fasten, hug, hold, interlock, secure, shut, (adj) hair;
antonyms (v) unlock, open.
bkme 1. bend; synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow,
twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch,
stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v)
straighten, square, 2. twist; synonyms (n) twine,
wind, spin, twirl, entwine, braid, kink, loop, (v)
bend, distort, coil, contort, deform, pervert,
wrench; antonym (v) untwist.
bkmek 1. bend (bkme); synonyms (n) bow, arch,
arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn,
crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms
(v) straighten, square, 2. twist; synonyms (n) twine,
wind, spin, twirl, entwine, braid, kink, loop, (v)
bend, distort, coil, contort, deform, pervert,
wrench; antonym (v) untwist, 3. double (ift,
ifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, duple,
twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, geminate, plait, copy,
(n) twin, image, match, mate, substitute, alternate;
antonym (n) single, 4. curve (eri, kavis);
synonyms (n) round, bender, contour, flexure, line,
sinuosity, sweep, (v) hook, meander, inflect, circle,
crimp, lean, sag, swerve.
bklme twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl,
entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil, contort,
deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms (v)
straighten, untwist.
bklmek 1. twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin,
twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil,
contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms
(v) straighten, untwist, 2. curve (eri, kavis);
synonyms (n) crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink,
round, bender, loop, twist, (v) arch, hook, meander,
inflect, circle, (adj) flex, 3. bend (bkme);
synonyms (n) elbow, angle, bending, buckle,
flexure, (v) crouch, stoop, deflect, fold, swerve,
cower, hunch, incline, sag, submit; antonym (v)
square.
bklmez rigid; synonyms (adj) harsh, fixed, hard,
inflexible, stiff, austere, firm, set, strict, exacting,
formal, rigorous, severe, stern, tense; antonyms
(adj) flexible, elastic, soft.
Bul find (bulma, bulmak); synonyms (v) catch,
discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain,
attain, feel, procure, gather, (n) detection,
disclosure, discovery, search, breakthrough;

antonyms (v) lose, misplace.
bulandrmak 1. cloud (bulut); synonyms (n) mist,
blur, haze, steam, (v) fog, becloud, obscure, befog,
blacken, eclipse, overshadow, shadow, taint, hide,
(adj) swarm; antonym (v) sharpen, 2. dim;
synonyms (adj) dark, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense,
faint, gloomy, indistinct, misty, (v) darken, cloud,
pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright,
brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear,
brighten, 3. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother,
pain, anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy,
disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden,
distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please.
bulank 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy,
dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken,
cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj)
bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear,
brighten, 2. muddy; synonyms (adj) boggy, filthy,
turbid, foul, dingy, grimy, marshy, miry, murky,
sloppy, unclean, confused, foggy, (v) dirty, dim;
antonyms (adj) clean, dry.
bulac catching; synonyms (adj) contagious,
communicable, infectious, epidemic, (n) discovery,
take.
bulama infection (enfeksiyon); synonyms (n)
contagion, disease, contamination, taint,
corruption, septicity, illness, inspiration,
transmission, virus, bug, galvanism, (adj) pollution.
bulatrma 1. infection (enfeksiyon); synonyms (n)
contagion, disease, contamination, taint,
corruption, septicity, illness, inspiration,
transmission, virus, bug, galvanism, (adj) pollution,
2. contamination; synonyms (n) contaminant,
infection, dirtying, vitiation, adulteration,
depravity, (v) defilement; antonym (n)
decontamination, 3. implication; synonyms (n)
allusion, hint, significance, consequence,
deduction, entailment, import, innuendo, meaning,
sense, suggestion, purport, complicity, corollary,
(adj) complication.
bulatrmak spread (yaymak); synonyms (v)
scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast,
stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj)
concentrated.
bulgu 1. discovery; synonyms (n) detection,
disclosure, breakthrough, finding, revelation,
catching, revealing, development, exploration, find,
invention, espial, recognition; antonym (n)
concealment, 2. find (bulma, bulmak);
synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter,
acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather,
acknowledge, chance, decide, (n) discovery, search;
antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 3. symptom (araz,
belirti, semptom); synonyms (n) sign, indication,
Turkish - English
evidence, mark, note, manifestation, token, signal,
characteristic, omen, exponent.
bulma 1. find (bulmak); synonyms (v) catch,
antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 2. detection;
synonyms (n) demodulation, detecting, uncovering,
unearthing, spotting, spying, catching, recognition,
3. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance,
conception, fabrication, creation, fiction,
imagination, artifice, design, device, excogitation,
forgery, innovation, fable, creativity, falsehood.
bulmak 1. find (bulma); synonyms (v) catch,
antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 2. strike (grev);
synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit,
impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump,
clout, coin, 3. discover; synonyms (v) discern,
disclose, see, find, perceive, determine, divulge,
expose, hear, impart, observe, trace, descry, behold,
betray, 4. detect; synonyms (v) notice, spot,
distinguish, identify, locate, sniff, espy, learn, note,
uncover.
blten bulletin; synonyms (n) announcement,
declaration, account, bill, message, dispatch, news,
communication, communiqu, journal, leaflet,
brochure, newsletter, newssheet, tidings.
bulucu detector; synonyms (n) demodulator, sensor,
detecter, selector.
bulunan situated; synonyms (adj) located, set, situate,
placed, sited, fixed.
bulundurmak keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold,
preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have,
maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe,
reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump,
lose.
bulunmak 1. exist (var olmak); synonyms (v) dwell,
lie, be, endure, abide, consist, belong, continue,
live, occur, subsist, survive, hold, remain; antonym
(v) die, 2. be; synonyms (v) exist, act, constitute,
represent, cost, follow, form, rest, stay, comprise,
signify, embody, (n) stand, beryllium, agree, 3.
occur; synonyms (v) arise, happen, befall, come,
fall, betide, chance, appear, develop, materialize,
arrive, go, ensue, pass, proceed, 4. stand (ayakta
durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) stall, undergo,
suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, accept, bear, brook, (n)
attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position;
antonym (v) sit.
bulunmay absence (yokluk); synonyms (n)
absenteeism, dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want,
nonattendance, paucity, scarcity, shortage;
antonyms (n) presence, attendance.
81
bulunur accessible; synonyms (adj) approachable,

available, open, convenient, amenable, easy, handy,
obtainable, ready, sociable, (v) weak; antonyms (adj)
inaccessible, out-of-the-way, unavailable.
bulu 1. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance,
imagination, discovery, artifice, design, device,
excogitation, forgery, innovation, fable, creativity,
2. discovery; synonyms (n) detection, disclosure,
breakthrough, finding, revelation, catching,
revealing, development, exploration, find,
invention, espial, recognition; antonym (n)
concealment, 3. find (bulma, bulmak);
synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter,
acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather,
acknowledge, chance, decide, determine, (n) search;
antonyms (v) lose, misplace.
buluma 1. meeting; synonyms (n) confluence,
convention, gathering, concourse, assembly,
conference, congress, council, appointment, caucus,
encounter, junction, meet, convocation, conclave;
antonym (n) divergence, 2. date (tarih); synonyms
(n) age, assignation, engagement, epoch, meeting,
period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort,
determine, register, accompany, court.
bulumak meet; synonyms (v) converge, find,
assemble, congregate, encounter, fulfill, gather,
answer, cross, confront, intersect, abut, concur,
adjoin, (adj) fit; antonyms (v) avoid, disperse,
diverge.
bulut cloud; synonyms (n) mist, blur, haze, steam, (v)
fog, becloud, obscure, befog, blacken, eclipse,
overshadow, shadow, taint, hide, (adj) swarm;
antonym (v) sharpen.
bulutlanmak cloud (bulut); synonyms (n) mist, blur,
haze, steam, (v) fog, becloud, obscure, befog,
blacken, eclipse, overshadow, shadow, taint, hide,
(adj) swarm; antonym (v) sharpen.
bulvar avenue (cadde); synonyms (n) channel,
approach, passage, path, road, route, way, means,
boulevard, course, lane, track, walk, outlet.
bumba boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar,
din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive,
thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n)
depression, (v) collapse, decline.
bunalm 1. depression (knt); synonyms (n)
basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent, dip, hole,
hollow, impression, slump, trench, trough, drop,
recess, collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness,
happiness, boom, elation, encouragement, inflation,
outcrop, 2. crisis (buhran, kriz); synonyms (n)
predicament.
82
Turkish - English
bunalt anxiety (endie); synonyms (n) alarm, care,

disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish,
anxiousness, concern, uneasiness, worry,
worriment, pain, agitation, burden; antonyms (n)
calmness, bravery, calm, confidence.
bunaltc close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
(adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight,
approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude,
(adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion;
antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v)
open, start.
bnye 1. structure (yap); synonyms (n) form,
building, arrangement, edifice, shape, constitution,
construction, frame, framework, organization,
architecture, establishment, conformation,
composition, erection, 2. constitution (anayasa);
synonyms (n) code, makeup, temperament, build,
foundation, character, charter, disposition,
formation, law, structure, configuration, fabric,
figure, (adj) nature, 3. fabric; synonyms (n) cloth,
material, fiber, performance, anatomy, production,
stuff, textile, texture, net, work, 4. texture (doku);
synonyms (n) grain, tissue, weave, web, woof, (v)
finish, make.
burada here (buraya); synonyms (adv) hither, in,
about, arrived, available, indoors, inwards, (n) hair,
(adj) present, there, near, nearby, (pron) her, their;
antonym (adv) out.
buradan hence; synonyms (adv) accordingly,
consequently, therefore, away, because, for, then,
thus, so, thence, whence.
buraya here (burada); synonyms (adv) hither, in,
about, arrived, available, indoors, inwards, (n) hair,
(adj) present, there, near, nearby, (pron) her, their;
antonym (adv) out.
bur 1. tower (kule); synonyms (n) column, castle,
pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise,
loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, (adj)
pillar, 2. bush; synonyms (n) shrub, bushing, wild,
chaparral, hedge, jungle, plant, scrub, wilderness,
3. sign (alamet, im, iaret); synonyms (n) signal,
wave, (v) gesture, indicate.
burjuva bourgeois; synonyms (adj) conservative,
common, conventional, democratic, materialistic,
square, (n) capitalist, burgess, capitals, caps,
cockney, epicier, brevier, businessperson, people.
burjuvazi bourgeoisie; synonym (n) class.
burkmak twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin,
twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil,
contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms
(v) straighten, untwist.
bro 1. bureau; synonyms (n) agency, office,
authority, chest, department, desk, dresser, box, 2.
office (ofis); synonyms (n) charge, duty, function,
position, commission, appointment, division, berth,

bureau, job, part, place, post, engagement,
employment.
brokrasi bureaucracy; synonyms (n)
bureaucratism, apparatus, cabinet, fascism,
formalities, government, authority, beadledom,
directorate, establishment, management, ministry,
officials, paperwork, system.
brokratik bureaucratic; synonyms (adj)
administrative, authoritative, bossy, impersonal,
practical, technical, bureaucratical, ceremonial,
fussy, interfering, intrusive, overbearing, ritual,
routine.
burs scholarship; synonyms (n) erudition, learning,
lore, education, award, learnedness, letters,
reading, edification, allowance, science,
eruditeness, literacy, prize, (v) knowledge.
buruk sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid,
bitter, rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim,
pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity;
antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly.
burun 1. nose; synonyms (n) beak, hooter, nozzle,
proboscis, honker, bow, (v) pry, scent, sniff, wind,
nuzzle, search, smell, snoop, poke, 2. tip
(tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point,
pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, (v)
incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant, 3. prominence;
synonyms (n) eminence, hump, importance,
protuberance, height, bulge, consequence,
distinction, projection, celebrity, fame, moment,
bump, extrusion, gibbosity; antonym (n) obscurity.
bsbtn 1. entirely (tamamen); synonyms (adv)
absolutely, all, altogether, totally, wholly, clean,
fully, solely, bodily, alone, exclusively, only, quite,
right, (adj) completely; antonyms (adv) partly,
partially, 2. altogether (tamamen); synonyms
(adv) entirely, perfectly, purely, simply, ensemble,
utterly, generally, thoroughly, whole, 3. wholly;
synonyms (adv) very, exactly, unreservedly,
extremely, really, (adj) outright.
buse kiss (pmek, pck); synonyms (n) buss,
brush, osculation, salute, touch, (v) caress, embrace,
osculate, love.
but thigh; synonym (n) drumstick.
bte budget; synonyms (n) plan, sack, finance,
portfolio, quiver, reckoning, score, bag, forecast, (v)
calculate, compute, estimate, allocate, appropriate,
(adj) cheap.
buton button (dme); synonyms (n) knop, buckle,
bud, clasp, fastening, key, push, (v) knob, fasten,
(adj) pin, tie.
Btn 1. whole; synonyms (adj) entire, total, all,
complete, integral, aggregate, full, healthy, intact,
well, gross, unbroken, (n) sum, sound, hale;
antonyms (adj) incomplete, broken, imperfect,
partial, (n) part, 2. entire; synonyms (adj) absolute,
whole, perfect, utter, clean, mere, undivided,
Turkish - English
universal, radical, dead, livelong, undiminished, (n)
stallion, stark, unabridged, 3. all (hepsi, tm);
synonyms (adv) purely, altogether, entirely, totally,
wholly, apiece, completely, quite, (adj) each, every,
alone, outright, (det) any, (n) entirety, everything;
antonyms (pron) none, (det) some, 4. integral
(tmlev); synonyms (adj) inherent, constitutional,
inbuilt, constituent, integrant, organic, exponential,
fluxional, (n) differential, 5. total (toplam);
synonyms (adj) downright, general, overall, sheer,
thorough, unconditional, pure, (n) amount, tally,
quantity, (v) count, number, figure, add, score;
antonym (adj) qualified, 6. aggregate (toplam);
synonyms (adj) aggregative, collective, cumulative,
(n) agglomerate, complex, pile, combination,
compound, conglomeration, mass, aggregation, (v)
accumulate, cluster, collect, amass; antonym (n)
individual, 7. solid (kat); synonyms (adj) firm,
dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good,
fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v)
close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose,
gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n)
liquid.
btnlemek integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate,
blend, combine, consolidate, fuse, amalgamate,
embody, merge, unify, unite, join, mix, coalesce,
commingle, desegregate; antonyms (v) separate,
exclude, segregate.
btnlk integrity; synonyms (n) honesty, probity,
completeness, fairness, entireness, fidelity, justice,
morality, righteousness, unity, goodness,
constancy, (adj) candor, honor, equity; antonyms (n)
dishonesty, wickedness.
btnyle entirely (tamamen); synonyms (adv)
partially.
buut dimension (boyut); synonyms (n) degree,
breadth, bulk, magnitude, size, attribute, length,
proportion, range, dimensions, bigness, stretch,
amount, extent, mass.
buyruk 1. command (komut, kumanda);

synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding,
decree, direction, administration, ascendancy,
authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission,
direct; antonym (v) request, 2. order (dzen,
dzenlemek, emretmek, sra); synonyms (n)
command, dictate, array, rank, sort, class,
condition, disposition, edict, injunction, kind, form,
genus, (v) arrange, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy,
chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder.
by 1. magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming,
supernatural, (n) conjuration, incantation, charm,
enchantment, legerdemain, sorcery, glamour,
fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception, 2.
charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal, spell,
83
attraction, conjure, (v) attract, captivate, bewitch,

fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile, capture,
enamor; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness, (v) repel,
3. spell; synonyms (n) magic, bout, period, turn,
span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, fit,
run, season, stretch, term, (v) import.
byc witch (cad); synonyms (n) hag, pythoness,
enchantress, sorceress, magician, lamia, wizard,
augur, (v) enchant, bewitch, charm, glamour, hex,
jinx, fascinate.
byclk magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming,
fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception.
byk 1. large (geni); synonyms (adj) big, ample,
extensive, generous, broad, bulky, considerable,
handsome, high, heavy, abundant, capacious,
great, gross, hefty; antonyms (adj) small, cramped,
insignificant, 2. big; synonyms (adj) major,
important, significant, thick, sturdy, adult, bad,
burly, liberal, magnanimous, momentous, noble,
spacious, stout, (adv) large; antonyms (adj) little,
puny, (syn) tiny, 3. major (ana); synonyms (adj)
chief, key, main, superior, master, grave,
fundamental, higher, leading, overriding, principal,
senior, serious, capital, vital; antonyms (adj) minor,
unimportant, lesser, petty, slight, 4. great;
synonyms (adj) eminent, famous, gigantic,
distinguished, extreme, grand, celebrated,
dignified, fantastic, fine, glorious, good, massive,
voluminous, stunning; antonyms (adj) awful, mild,
5. grand; synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous,
elevated, exalted, majestic, superb, beautiful,
brilliant, heroic, huge, immense, impressive, lordly,
magnificent, proud; antonyms (adj) unimpressive,
humble, modest, 6. ample (bol); synonyms (adj)
copious, plentiful, affluent, full, rich, roomy,
sizable, sufficient, adequate, bountiful, enough,
expansive, plenteous, profuse, sizeable; antonyms
(adj) inadequate, meager, insufficient, scarce, 7.
capital (bakent, byk harf); synonyms (n)
city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money,
paramount, prime, resources, top, wealth,
wherewithal, (adj) primary, essential, 8. elder;
synonyms (adj) older, (n) ancient, patriarch, boss, 9.
wide (geni); synonyms (adj) comprehensive, vast,
expanded, extended, open, sweeping, deep,
blanket, tolerant, general, cavernous,
encompassing, (adv) far, widely, astray; antonyms
(adj) narrow, thin, restricted, 10. substantial
(nemli); synonyms (adj) actual, solid, firm, real,
strong, palpable, sound, concrete, corporeal,
durable, hearty, material, satisfying, substantive,
tangible; antonyms (adj) insubstantial, ethereal,
worthless.
bykanne grandmother (nine); synonyms (n)
gran, grandma, granny, crone, grandam, grannie,
84
Turkish - English
mother, dam, grandmamma, beldame, mamma,

materfamilias, matriarch.
bykbaba grandfather (dede); synonyms (n)
gramps, grandad, granddad, grandpa, grandpapa,
grandsire, granddaddy, patriarch.
bykeli ambassador; synonyms (n) agent,
delegate, emissary, envoy, messenger, minister,
deputy, embassador, herald, representative,
diplomat.
byklk 1. size (boyut); synonyms (n) measure,
bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent,
largeness, quantity, glue, amount, breadth, degree,
magnitude, mass, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length,
slenderness, 2. magnitude; synonyms (n)
consequence, proportion, size, weight, amplitude,
greatness, moment, intensity, enormity,
importance, significance, volume, meaning,
prominence, sum; antonym (n) triviality, 3. extent;
synonyms (n) extension, expanse, compass,
distance, boundary, purview, reach, scope, space,
spread, depth, latitude, limit, range, (v) area.
bylemek 1. entrance; synonyms (n) admission,
access, entry, admittance, arrival, door, doorway,
departure, exit, (v) bore, 2. charm; synonyms (n)
allure, amulet, appeal, spell, attraction, conjure,
incantation, tempt, (v) attract, entrance, beguile,
capture, enamor, lure, please; antonyms (n)
repulsion, ugliness, (v) repel, 3. witch (cad);
synonyms (n) hag, pythoness, enchantress,
sorceress, magician, lamia, wizard, augur, beldam,
beldame, (v) glamour, hex, jinx, becharm, catch.
byleyici 1. fascinating; synonyms (adj) enchanting,
captivating, charming, absorbing, attractive,
engaging, engrossing, delightful, alluring,
bewitching, seductive, desirable, enthralling,
entrancing, (v) interesting; antonyms (adj) boring,
uninteresting, dull, 2. charming; synonyms (adj)
amiable, beautiful, lovely, pleasing, winning, nice,
adorable, agreeable, amusing, appealing, cute,
delectable, exquisite, fascinating, lovable;
antonyms (adj) repellent, unappealing, unpleasant,
3. glamorous; synonyms (adj) colorful,
glamourous, swanky.
byl magical; synonyms (adj) magic, charming,
supernatural, mystic, miraculous, mysterious,
occult, sorcerous, witching, wizard, wizardly.
byme 1. growth; synonyms (n) development,
accretion, augmentation, evolution, gain, increase,
enlargement, germination, accumulation, accession,
addition, advance, improvement, increment, (v)
grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction,
weakening, decline, 2. expansion (genleme);
synonyms (n) amplification, dilatation, dilation,
elaboration, growth, stretch, distention, inflation,
swelling, diffusion, space, elongation,
enhancement, escalation, (v) extension; antonyms

(n) contraction, abbreviation,
3. increase
(artrmak, art); synonyms (n) boom, expansion,
progress, rise, (v) accrue, extend, aggrandize,

expand, enhance, enlarge, deepen, accumulate,
amplify, benefit, (adj) augment; antonyms (v)
reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate, 4. growing;
synonyms (adj) flourishing, rising, thriving,
blossoming, progressive, adolescent, budding,
burgeoning, cumulative, enlarging, (n) developing,
(adv) increasing; antonyms (adj) deteriorating,
dwindling.
bymek 1. expand (bytmek, genilemek,

shrink, summarize, narrow, 2. increase
(artrmak, art); synonyms (n) gain, addition,
augmentation, boom, expansion, extension,
growth, progress, rise, (v) advance, accrue, grow,
expand, enhance, deepen; antonyms (n) reduction,
contraction, decline, (v) diminish, drop, deteriorate,
3. grow; synonyms (v) come, emerge, become,
farm, get, spring, turn, breed, arise, blossom,
evolve, flourish, germinate, increase, mature;
antonym (v) weaken.
buyurmak 1. decree; synonyms (n) command, act,
edict, decision, dictate, finding, judgment, verdict,
(v) order, award, decide, enact, ordain, rule, will, 2.
command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n)
control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree,
direction, administration, ascendancy, authority,
claim, (v) charge, call, commission, direct, bid;
antonym (v) request, 3. order (dzen,
array, rank, sort, class, condition, disposition,
injunction, kind, form, genus, category, (v) arrange,
conduct, demand, govern; antonyms (n) anarchy,
chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder.
bytmek 1. expand (genilemek, geniletmek);

narrow, 2. raise (toplamak, ykseltmek);
synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build,
elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer,
cultivate, exalt, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower, 3.
rear; synonyms (adj) back, after, (n) posterior, tail,
backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, poop, (v) breed,
nurture, raise, educate, nurse, edify; antonyms (adj)
fore, (n) front, 4. foster; synonyms (v) encourage,
cherish, foment, further, rear, support, entertain,
Turkish - English
tend, keep, feed, nourish, patronize, parent,
forward, comfort; antonym (v) neglect.
buz ice (dondurma); synonyms (n) frosting, glass,
hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe, rime, (v) frost,
cool, refrigerate, fan.
buza calf (dana); synonyms (n) calfskin, sura, colt,
foal, kitten, pup, shorthorn, kid, cow, doodle,
dullard, foetus, loon, lout, lown.
buzdolab fridge; synonyms (n) fray, rub.
buzlu icy; synonyms (adj) frozen, cold, freezing, frigid,
frosty, glacial, arctic, chill, chilly, wintry, aloof,
distant, gelid, standoffish, hostile; antonyms (adj)
warm, hot.
bzmek purse; synonyms (n) pocket, bag, pouch,
handbag, pocketbook, prize, container, pod, (v)
pucker, wrinkle, crease, contract.
bzlme contraction; synonyms (n) abbreviation,
constriction, abridgement, abridgment,
condensation, shrink, compression, convulsion,
decrease, shrinkage, tightening, diminution,
narrowing, reduction, spasm; antonym (n)
expansion.
C
cadde 1. avenue; synonyms (n) channel, approach,
passage, path, road, route, way, means, boulevard,
course, lane, track, walk, outlet, 2. street (sokak);
synonyms (n) avenue, highway, neighborhood,
thoroughfare, (v) roadway.
cad witch; synonyms (n) hag, pythoness, enchantress,
sorceress, magician, lamia, wizard, augur, (v)
enchant, bewitch, charm, glamour, hex, jinx,
fascinate.
cahil ignorant; synonyms (adj) unconscious, illiterate,
rude, uneducated, unwitting, blind, dull, innocent,
naive, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, barbarous,
crude, shallow; antonyms (adj) knowledgeable,
conscious.
cahillik ignorance (bilgisizlik, cehalet); synonyms
(n) darkness, illiteracy, nescience, folly, innocence,
cam 1. glass (bardak); synonyms (n) pane, bottle,
telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice, 2.
window (pencere); synonyms (n) casement,
porthole, gap, embrasure, hole, opening,
windowpane.
can 1. life (hayat); synonyms (n) animation, energy,
spirit, activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm,
existence, exuberance, live, briskness, career,
autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy,
85
2. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost,

life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, essence,
heart, mind, phantom, soul, fortitude, esprit;
antonym (n) body, 3. soul (ruh); synonyms (n)
man, creature, human, individual, person,
personification, mortal, psyche, self, marrow,
bosom, breast, (adj) core, quintessence, gist.
canavar monster; synonyms (n) giant, beast, brute,
demon, devil, fiend, freak, behemoth, colossus,
monstrosity, ogre, prodigy, chimera, (adj) huge,
stupendous.
cani 1. butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) assassin,
botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer,
blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate,
slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay, 2.
murderer; synonyms (n) cutthroat, killer,
manslayer, slayer, liquidator, (v) butcher, terrorist.
canm honey (bal); synonyms (n) darling, dear,
beloved, love, sweetheart, dearest, duck, baby,
molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten.
cankurtaran ambulance (ambulans); synonyms (n)
brancard, crate, hurdle, litter, stretcher, rescue,
transport.
canlandrmak 1. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition,
courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character,
disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart,
mind, phantom, (adj) animation; antonyms (n)
lethargy, body, 2. fire (ate); synonyms (n)
discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor,
flame, (v) excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle,
expel, animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire, 3.
stimulate (tevik etmek); synonyms (v) incite,
encourage, enliven, inspire, prompt, provoke,
awaken, drive, energize, exhilarate, goad, hasten,
instigate, invigorate, (adj) quicken; antonym (v)
defuse, 4. wake; synonyms (v) awake, rouse, stir,
vigil, waken, stimulate, evoke, raise, watch, (n)
train, trail, backwash, track, wave, aftermath;
antonym (v) sleep.
canlanma revival; synonyms (n) recovery, renewal,
restoration, resurgence, resurrection, rally,
regeneration, renaissance, revitalization, rebirth,
reinstatement, reprint, reproduction, return,
revivification; antonyms (n) decline, disappearance.
canlanmak wake; synonyms (v) awaken, awake,
rouse, stir, arouse, excite, provoke, vigil, waken,
kindle, (n) train, trail, backwash, track, wave;
antonym (v) sleep.
canl 1. alive; synonyms (adj) active, live, living,
sensible, vivacious, animated, lively, responsive,
aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate, awake,
extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased, inanimate,
2. live (oturmak, yaamak); synonyms (v) exist,
inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure,
stay, survive, (adj) alive, brisk, bouncy, breathing,
(n) go, 3. living; synonyms (adj) fresh, quick, vital,
86
Turkish - English
actual, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness,

animation, benefice, existence, keep, maintenance,
subsistence, support; antonym (n) death, 4. lively;
synonyms (adj) agile, cheerful, keen, busy, gay, jolly,
jovial, alert, bright, enthusiastic, merry, spirited,
vivid, dashing, frolicsome; antonyms (adj) dull,
inactive, lethargic, listless, lifeless, unexciting, 5.
graphic; synonyms (adj) descriptive, clear,
picturesque, realistic, expressive, graphical, lifelike,
detailed, (n) picture, diagram, image, schematic, (v)
pictorial, 6. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) diligent,
effective, nimble, strong, dynamic, forcible,
healthy, mercurial, sprightly, vigorous, operational,
hearty, assiduous, efficacious, (v) smart; antonyms
(adj) dormant, sluggish, idle, latent, sedentary, slow,
extinct, passive, quiet, 7. swinging; synonyms (adj)
swaying, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant,
hanging, inordinate, lilting, outrageous, pendulous,
preposterous, (n) swing, 8. vital; synonyms (adj)
critical, essential, indispensable, crucial,
fundamental, important, main, necessary, chief,
momentous, basic, decisive, imperative, requisite,
significant; antonyms (adj) trivial, insignificant,
minor, optional, unimportant, 9. brisk; synonyms
(adj) bracing, adroit, crisp, fast, hasty, invigorating,
pert, sharp, speedy, spry, perky, abrupt, breezy,
bouncing, brusque; antonym (adj) soporific, 10.
gay; synonyms (adj) convivial, festive, gaudy, airy,
blithe, brave, buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy,
jocular, colorful, (n) homosexual, gallant, lesbian,
11. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) clean, novel,
original, recent, bold, chilly, cool, forward, green,
pure, sweet, flippant, fair, blank, (adv) new;
tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 12. warm (lk,
stmak, scak); synonyms (adj) affectionate,
tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, fond, loving,
earnest, caring, genial, glowing, tepid, heartfelt,
burning, (v) heat; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold,
unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) chill, 13. quick
(abuk, hzl); synonyms (adj) prompt, clever,
intelligent, cursory, dexterous, expeditious,
hurried, immediate, instant, swift, brief, apt,
ingenious, skillful, (v) fleet; antonym (adj) leisurely,
14. vivid; synonyms (adj) graphic, intense, brilliant,
rich, lurid, shiny, striking, deep, severe, full, garish,
light, luminous, powerful, vibrant.
canllk 1. life (hayat); synonyms (n) animation,
energy, spirit, activity, being, biography, dash,
enthusiasm, existence, exuberance, live, briskness,
career, autobiography, endurance; antonym (n)
lethargy, 2. colour (renk); synonyms (n)
coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance,
vividness, (v) color, discolor, discolour, distort,
tinge, 3. stir; synonyms (v) arouse, budge, move,
rouse, affect, agitate, excite, inspire, go, (n)
movement, commotion, disturbance, excitement,

agitation, (adj) bustle, 4. spirit; synonyms (n)
apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery,
character, disposition, essence, heart, mind,
phantom, soul, fortitude, esprit; antonym (n) body.
cansz dead (lm, l); synonyms (adj) dull,
lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute,
breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle,
(adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate,
(n) living.
cari 1. current (akm, geerli); synonyms (adj)
previous, 2. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj)
flowing, operative, continual, working,
functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n)
motion, administration, operation, performance,
handling.
casus spy; synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole, notice,
patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern,
discover, observe, perceive, descry, behold.
caz jazz; synonyms (n) talk, wind, bunk, nonsense,
absurdity, (v) bop, bang, fuck, hump, screw, cheat,
lie, do, stimulate, acknowledge.
cazibe 1. attraction; synonyms (n) allure, enticement,
invitation, affinity, allurement, appeal, charm, lure,
attractiveness, bait, draw, fascination, inducement,
magnetism, temptation; antonyms (n) repulsion,
disgust, revulsion, 2. charm; synonyms (n) amulet,
spell, attraction, conjure, incantation, (v) attract,
captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance,
beguile, capture, enamor, please; antonyms (n)
ugliness, (v) repel, 3. fascination; synonyms (n)
bewitchment, enchantment, glamor, glamour,
captivation, charisma, enthrallment, magic, trance,
interest, pull, seduction, witchery, fancy, mania;
antonym (n) distraction.
cazibeli charming; synonyms (adj) amiable, beautiful,
attractive, captivating, delightful, enchanting,
lovely, pleasing, winning, nice, adorable, agreeable,
alluring, amusing, appealing; antonyms (adj)
repellent, unappealing, unpleasant.
cazip attractive; synonyms (adj) alluring, amiable,
repulsive, straight, unpleasant.
cefa hardship; synonyms (n) adversity, distress,
calamity, affliction, grievance, difficulty, trouble,
burden, disaster, asperity, deprivation, destitution,
misfortune, poverty, suffering; antonym (n)
affluence.
Turkish - English
cehalet ignorance (bilgisizlik); synonyms (n)
darkness, illiteracy, nescience, folly, innocence,
cehennem hell; synonyms (n) blaze, inferno,
netherworld, perdition, underworld, anguish,
ordeal, trial, pit, limbo, aides, bedlam, blazing,
brilliance, conflagration; antonym (n) heaven.
cehennemde below (aa, aada); synonyms
(adv) beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep)
over.
ceket 1. jacket; synonyms (n) casing, sheath, case,
cover, covering, envelope, coat, skin, shield, wrap,
(v) clothe, 2. coat (palto); synonyms (n) coating,
crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, peel, pelt, (v)
cloak, blanket, plaster, glaze, finish, paint.
celse 1. hearing; synonyms (n) audition, earshot, ear,
trial, consultation, sound, reach, examination,
inquiry, interview, listening, earreach, (adj)
audience, auditory; antonym (adj) deaf, 2. session
(oturum); synonyms (n) meeting, seance, sitting,
conference, bout, convention, class, period, stretch,
discussion.
cemaat 1. flock (sr); synonyms (n) bunch, crowd,
cluster, band, bevy, congregation, covey, gang,
herd, horde, pack, troop, (v) assemble, mass, (adj)
swarm, 2. congregation; synonyms (n) concourse,
assemblage, assembly, collection, gathering,
meeting, congregating, convocation, flock, fold,
company, audience, confluence, throng,
convention.
cemiyet 1. community (topluluk); synonyms (n)
association, public, agreement, commune, nation,
people, brotherhood, likeness, company, district,
order, (adj) communal, neighborhood, common,
group; antonym (adj) private, 2. society; synonyms
(n) club, institution, community, companionship,
corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle,
commonwealth, guild, partnership, folk,
friendship, gild, league.
cenaze funeral; synonyms (n) burial, entombment,
interment, pyre, wake, committal, (adj) funebrial.
cendere press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam,
(adj) constrain.
cennet 1. paradise; synonyms (n) heaven, bliss,
ecstasy, nirvana, utopia, death, enlightenment,
gallery, happiness, rapture, dreamland, enjoyment,
fairyland, (v) bewitch, entrance; antonym (n) hell, 2.
heaven; synonyms (n) paradise, glory, sky.
centilmen gentleman (bey); synonyms (n) man,
male, patrician, sir, laureate, squireen, noble,
87
gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo, human, humanity,

(adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman.
cep pocket; synonyms (n) cavity, pouch, hole, hollow,
(v) bag, take, appropriate, sack, steal, lift, catch,
embezzle, misappropriate, pilfer, (adj) digest.
cephane ammunition; synonyms (n) ammo,
munition, shot, bullet, armament, missile, bullets,
explosive, fuel, narcotic, ball, bombs, buckshot,
cannonball, chemical.
cephanelik arsenal; synonyms (n) armory, armoury,
store, depository, arms, armaments, artillery,
dump, factory, guns, inventory, missiles, plant,
stockpile, storeroom.
cephe 1. front (n); synonyms (adj) head, fore,
anterior, preceding, (n) countenance, forefront,
appearance, disguise, facade, frontage, brow,
audacity, (v) face, confront, look; antonyms (n) rear,
end, (v) back, 2. face (ehre, surat, yz);
synonyms (n) aspect, expression, side, top, exterior,
surface, boldness, brass, (v) veneer, visage, affront,
breast, defy, brave, (adj) front; antonym (v) avoid, 3.
aspect; synonyms (n) bearing, manner, prospect,
view, air, angle, facet, feature, quality, respect,
scene, vista, shape, attribute, (v) regard.
cerahat matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms
(n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material,
substance, incident, article, body, import, interest,
item, (v) case, count.
cereyan 1. circulation (dolam); synonyms (n)
dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency,
delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration,
revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading,
turn, airing, 2. current (akm, cari, geerli);
popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement,
(prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, oldfashioned, previous, 3. draft (taslak); synonyms
(n) bill, conscription, sketch, check, drawing, (v)
draught, outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist,
plan, recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v)
discharge, 4. course (yn); synonyms (n) bearing,
career, current, path, road, route, track, channel,
circuit, class, method, race, (v) chase, pour, (prep)
tide, 5. flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n) flood,
abound, rush, circulation, (v) flux, jet, surge, float,
emanate, fall, gush, seep, well, ooze, arise, 6. tide
(gelgit); synonyms (n) drift, time, (v) wave, billow,
noonday.
cerrah 1. surgeon; synonyms (n) doctor, physician,
sawbones, chirurgeon, 2. operator (operatr);
synonyms (n) driver, hustler, manipulator, agent,
doer, speculator, actor, employee, clerk,
businessperson, captain, financier, floozie, floozy,
hooker.
cerrahi surgical; synonyms (adj) operative,
chirurgical, effective, functional, key.
88
Turkish - English
cerrahlk surgery; synonyms (n) operation,

chirurgery, act, functioning, or, performance,
procedure, process, treatment.
cesaret 1. courage (yreklilik); synonyms (n)
bravery, audacity, fortitude, backbone, boldness,
gallantry, heroism, mettle, nerve, spirit, valor,
chivalry, manhood, courageousness,
determination; antonym (n) cowardice, 2. nerve
(sinir); synonyms (n) cheek, impertinence, brass,
courage, daring, face, heart, impudence, prowess,
assurance, brace, effrontery, grit, guts, insolence, 3.
enterprise; synonyms (n) business, company,
concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, energy,
effort, endeavour, firm, initiative, venture,
corporation, establishment, attempt, 4. heart
(kalp, yrek); synonyms (n) core, center, affection,
basis, bosom, breast, crux, essence, hub, kernel,
marrow, middle, pluck, quintessence, (adj) gist;
antonym (n) edge.
cesaretlendirmek encourage; synonyms (v) cheer,
abet, advance, aid, back, boost, comfort, foster,
further, promote, urge, advocate, cherish, advise,
animate; antonyms (v) discourage, dishearten,
prevent, deter, hurt, obstruct, stop.
cesaretsiz faint (baylmak); synonyms (adj) collapse,
ceset 1. body (beden, gvde, vcut); synonyms (n)
spirit, 2. corpse; synonyms (n) body, corse,
remains, stiff, clay.
cesur 1. brave; synonyms (adj) adventurous, bold,
audacious, courageous, endure, fearless, hardy,
intrepid, valiant, virile, confident, daring,
dauntless, (v) defy, confront; antonyms (adj)
cowardly, frightened, gutless, pathetic, (n) timid, 2.
bold; synonyms (adj) manly, resolute, arrogant,
barefaced, heroic, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave,
brazen, cheeky, defiant, disrespectful, enterprising,
forward; antonym (adj) modest.
cet predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor, forerunner,
ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, father, elder,
precedent; antonyms (n) successor, descendant.
cetvel 1. ruler; synonyms (n) master, governor,
monarch, leader, dynast, prince, chief, head,
director, controller, sheik, sovereign, government,
(adj) rule, regent, 2. schedule; synonyms (n) list,
agenda, catalog, program, calendar, catalogue,
inventory, table, roll, index, chart, docket, plan, (v)
register, book, 3. rule (kural); synonyms (n)
govern, order, decree, dominion, law, ordinance,
principle, regulate, reign, authority, dictate, (v)
command, control, influence, direct, 4. scale
(lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree,

graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v)
ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj)
balance; antonym (v) descend.
cevap 1. answer (cevap vermek); synonyms (n)
reply, respond, retort, return, solution, defense,
echo, (v) counter, resolve, serve, acknowledge,
agree, correspond, do, (adj) pay; antonyms (v)
question, ask, 2. reply; synonyms (n) answer,
rejoinder, response, reaction, repay, replication,
repartee, comeback, (v) react, rejoin, say, 3.
response (yant); synonyms (n) reception, effect,
chant, chaunt, hymn, (v) endurance, experience, (adj)
sympathy, cordiality, fraternization,
rapprochement.
cevher essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma,
burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub.
ceza 1. punishment; synonyms (n) discipline,
correction, penalty, penance, chastisement, fine,
rebuke, retribution, reward, execution, judgment,
retaliation, payment, reprimand, revenge, 2.
correction (dzeltme); synonyms (n)
amendment, adjustment, alteration, castigation,
redress, modification, emendation, improvement,
punishment, revision, editing, rectification, reform,
change, chastening; antonym (n) fabrication, 3.
penalty; synonyms (n) mulct, forfeit, forfeiture,
amercement, handicap, penalization, sentence,
pain, conviction, sanction, (v) condemnation.
cezaevi 1. prison; synonyms (n) jail, calaboose,
confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, confine,
custody, 2. jail (hapishane); synonyms (n) cage,
prison, cell, clink, jailhouse, slammer, (v) gaol,
imprison, incarcerate, detain, immure, arrest, lag.
cezalandrma 1. correction (dzeltme); synonyms
(n) amendment, adjustment, alteration, castigation,
chastisement, discipline, redress, modification,
emendation, improvement, punishment, revision,
editing, rebuke, rectification; antonym (n)
fabrication, 2. punishment (ceza); synonyms (n)
correction, penalty, penance, fine, retribution,
reward, execution, judgment, retaliation, payment,
reprimand, revenge, scourge, sentence,
compensation.
cezalandrmak discipline; synonyms (n)
chastisement, correction, (v) control, castigate,
chastise, train, chasten, exercise, correct, drill,
educate, practice, breed, condition, cultivate.
cezbetmek 1. attract; synonyms (v) fascinate, charm,
beguile, captivate, draw, enamor, entice, invite,
tempt, arrest, absorb, appeal, attach, beckon, (adj)
allure; antonyms (v) repel, disgust, 2. draw
(ekmek, izmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag,
delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie,
bring, haul, lure, puff, (n) attraction, draft; antonym
(v) push, 3. charm; synonyms (n) amulet, spell,
Turkish - English
conjure, incantation, attractiveness, beauty, delight,
elegance, (v) bewitch, enchant, entrance, capture,
please, amuse, catch; antonyms (n) repulsion,
ugliness.
cici sweet (tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious,
fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious,
musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming,
delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid,
bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty.
cidden 1. indeed (gerekten); synonyms (adv)
actually, certainly, exactly, much, really, surely,
greatly, absolutely, clearly, definitely, positively,
precisely, so, truly, (int) forsooth; antonym (adv)
possibly, 2. seriously; synonyms (adv) badly,
gravely, earnestly, severely, deeply, soberly, hard,
critically, desperately, momentously, sincerely,
solemnly, decidedly, poorly, purely; antonyms (adv)
cheerfully, frivolously, jokingly, playfully, goodhumoredly, slightly, teasingly, 3. really
(gerekten); synonyms (adv) honestly, genuinely,
real, very, simply, authentically, practically,
essentially, extremely, highly, quite, right, just,
completely, (adj) indeed.
ciddi 1. serious (ar); synonyms (adj) grave, heavy,
sedate, austere, great, hard, considerable, critical,
dangerous, earnest, grievous, sad, sober, (v)
important, momentous; antonyms (adj) frivolous,
lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, mild,
minor, playful, slight, 2. critical (kritik);
synonyms (adj) acute, decisive, delicate, pressing,
severe, ticklish, urgent, vital, crucial, fastidious,
imperative, minute, particular, significant, (v)
censorious; antonyms (adj) complimentary, trivial,
positive, flattering, insignificant, approving,
unimportant, 3. heavy (ar); synonyms (adj) dull,
deep, dark, dense, fat, full, gross, arduous, bulky,
burdensome, oppressive, thick, compact, ample,
awkward; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin,
gentle, puny, skinny, 4. steady; synonyms (adj)
firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed,
resolute, stable, cool, incessant, settled, consistent,
(v) steadfast, calm, regular; antonyms (adj)
unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable,
5. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, sane, moderate,
quiet, solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, serene,
somber, staid, composed, rational, reasonable,
sensible; antonym (adj) intoxicated.
cihaz 1. apparatus; synonyms (n) appliance, device,
implement, instrument, plant, tackle, equipment,
gadget, gear, machine, contrivance, machinery,
mechanism, outfit, rig, 2. device (aygt);
synonyms (n) apparatus, artifice, emblem,
way, design, dodge, expedient, machination, plot.
cila 1. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,
gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine,
civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean,
89
cultivate, 2. finish (bitmek, son); synonyms (v)

end, complete, achieve, execute, accomplish, cease,
determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n) close,
consummate, conclusion, death, conclude;
antonyms (v) start, begin, continue, (n) beginning.
cilalamak 1. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss,
burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement,
shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize,
clean, cultivate, 2. finish (bitmek, son);
synonyms (v) end, complete, achieve, execute,
accomplish, cease, determine, discontinue,
consume, do, (n) close, consummate, conclusion,
death, conclude; antonyms (v) start, begin,
continue, (n) beginning, 3. surface (yzey);
synonyms (n) level, face, outside, superficies, facet,
grain, side, (v) appear, emerge, coat, rise, (adj)
exterior, external, shallow, superficial; antonyms
(n) core, inside, interior, middle.
clz thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean,
light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim,
sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms
(adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide,
broad, heavy, (v) thicken.
clk rotten (rk); synonyms (adj) bad, foul, poor,
fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt,
crappy, decomposed, (v) decayed, rancid; antonym
(adj) fresh.
cilt 1. skin (deri, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel,
hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust,
integument, pelt, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate,
flay, 2. volume (hacim, oylum); synonyms (n)
bulk, size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity,
dimension, amount, capacity, intensity, loudness,
tome, journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness,
3. hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal,
disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter,
ambush, (n) cover, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj)
darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express.
ciltli bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit,
circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring,
jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop;
antonym (adj) free.
cimri 1. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
open, start, 2. mean (demek istemek,
ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply,
denote, involve, (adj) middle, base, common,
hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average,
3. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess,
free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup.
cin spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost,
life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy,
90
Turkish - English
enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom, (adj)

animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body.
cinayet murder; synonyms (n) carnage, homicide,
slaughter, butchery, bloodshed, (v) massacre,
butcher, kill, slay, assassinate, destroy, dispatch,
execute, hit, manslaughter.
cins 1. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety,
ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, (v) engender,
beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, 2.
kind (tr); synonyms (n) form, helpful, benign,
brand, breed, gentle, type, benevolent, (adj) friendly,
generous, good, humane, affectionate, charitable,
considerate; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel,
hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful,
uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 3.
species (tr); synonyms (n) appearance, character,
show, sight, stock, strain, phenomenon,
premonstration, scene, (adj) nature, description,
manner, fashion, (v) offspring, 4. variety
(varyete); synonyms (n) species, change, style,
variation, diversity, miscellany, range, variance,
assortment, mixture, category, hodgepodge,
medley, miscellanea, (v) difference; antonym (n)
uniformity.
cinsel sexual; synonyms (adj) sensual, sexy, erotic,
intimate, amphigonic, cozy, familiar, gross,
informal, inner, internal, knowledgeable, animal,
animalistic, bestial.
cinsellik sexuality; synonyms (n) sex, gender.
cinsiyet 1. sex (seks); synonyms (n) gender,
intercourse, copulation, coitus, sexuality, mating,
(v) arouse, excite, (adj) sexual, 2. gender; synonyms
(n) sex, kind, femininity, (v) copulate.
ciro 1. turnover; synonyms (n) overturn, revolution,
sales, upset, pastry, change, overthrow, proceeds,
derangement, disorder, disturbance, earnings,
flapjack, income, (v) harrow, 2. backing;
synonyms (n) aid, patronage, support, approval,
assistance, encouragement, endorsement,
accompaniment, assist, championship, help,
promotion, sanction, sponsorship, sustenance, 3.
endorsement; synonyms (n) approbation,
corroboration, confirmation, authorization,
countenance, permission, authority, verification,
authentication, certificate, authorisation,
agreement, backing, certification, consent.
cisim 1. matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms
item, (v) case, count, 2. body (beden, gvde,
vcut); synonyms (n) cadaver, corpse, matter,
organization, carcass, cluster, consistency, figure,
mass, set, aggregate, association, entity, amount,
bulk; antonym (n) spirit, 3. substance; synonyms
(n) essence, meaning, significance, subject, core,
gist, means, quintessence, implication, content,
element, heart, kernel, marrow, meat; antonym (n)

triviality.
civar 1. neighbourhood; synonyms (n) locality,
neighborhood, vicinity, 2. vicinity; synonyms (n)
region, district, proximity, place, environs,
neighbourhood, vicinage, area, outskirts, section.
cvata bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v)
bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp,
devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v)
nibble, unbolt, unlock.
cvk soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp,
alcoholic, shrill, strong.
corafi geographical; synonyms (adj) geographic,
biological, ecological, environmental, local,
physical, geological.
corafya geography; synonyms (n) topography,
geographics, backcloth, backdrop, background,
countryside, land, landscape, panorama, position,
scene, scenery, setting, site, view.
cmert 1. handsome (gzel, yakkl); synonyms
(adj) elegant, beautiful, fair, charming, fine,
generous, attractive, bountiful, comely, bonny, big,
bounteous, exquisite, gorgeous, graceful; antonyms
(adj) ugly, unattractive, 2. generous; synonyms
(adj) ample, full, abundant, benevolent, copious,
charitable, flush, kind, liberal, spacious, rich,
benign, broad, considerable, (n) free; antonyms (adj)
stingy, meager, mean, measly, miserly, small,
tightfisted, avaricious, greedy, ungenerous, 3.
liberal; synonyms (adj) handsome, large, giving,
tolerant, lavish, easy, bighearted, enlightened,
freehanded, munificent, noble, open, permissive,
plentiful, (n) progressive; antonyms (adj) strict,
oppressive, totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative,
4. free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr, serbest,

serbest brakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, (v)
ease, release; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted,
secure, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine,
block, cage, condemn.
cmertlik generosity; synonyms (n) charity,
benevolence, bounty, liberality, bounteousness,
favor, generousness, goodness, grace, hospitality,
munificence, nobility, (adj) kindness, beneficence,
largesse; antonyms (n) stinginess, greed, meanness,
thrift.
conta seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp,
Turkish - English
91
cokunluk enthusiasm; synonyms (n) eagerness,
abalamak 1. seek (aramak); synonyms (v) search,
ardor, devotion, passion, animation, craze, zeal,

ebullience, ecstasy, flame, gusto, inspiration,
interest, keenness, (adj) fervor; antonyms (n) apathy,
indifference, lethargy.
cumba bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess,
cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf,
(adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl.
cumhuriyet republic; synonyms (n) commonwealth,
democracy, state, nation, country.
cumhuriyeti republican; synonyms (n) commoner,
democrat, plebeian, roturier.
cmle sentence (tmce); synonyms (n) judgment,
finding, decision, condemnation, conviction,
phrase, penalty, punishment, verdict, (v) condemn,
convict, doom, judge, damn, adjudge.
cmlecik clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph,
stipulation, (v) passage.
cppe gown; synonyms (n) dress, robe, uniform,
tunic, gite, habit, paletot, scrubs, alb, blouse,
chasuble, dalmatic, mozetta, scapulary, (v) clothe.
cret 1. brass (pirin); synonyms (n) boldness, face,
cheek, nerve, administration, arrogance, insolence,
effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity, assurance,
front, hardihood, impudence, (adj) bronze, 2. nerve
(sinir); synonyms (n) brass, courage, daring,
fortitude, heart, mettle, prowess, backbone, brace,
gallantry, grit, guts, muscle, pluck, spirit; antonym
(n) cowardice, 3. venture; synonyms (n) hazard,
attempt, adventure, speculation, danger,
enterprise, try, (v) risk, chance, stake, peril, gamble,
endanger, bet, (adj) dare.
czdan wallet; synonyms (n) purse, bag, billfold,
notecase, pocketbook, case, satchel.
attempt, endeavor, hunt, look, inquire, aspire, beg,

explore, pursue, quest, investigate, research,
follow, (n) ask, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest,
battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, exertion,
scramble, scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute,
labor, quarrel, contend; antonyms (v) flourish,
glide.
abucak 1. quickly; synonyms (adv) promptly,
immediately, directly, early, quick, pronto, nimbly,
apace, hastily, rapidly, readily, (adj) fast, shortly,
forthwith, (n) instantly; antonyms (adv) slowly,
gradually, permanently, 2. quick (abuk, hzl);
synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever,
hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive,
cursory, dexterous, expeditious, hurried; antonyms
(adj) slow, leisurely, dull.
abuk 1. quick (hzl); synonyms (adj) bright,
prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent,
nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous,
expeditious, (adv) fast; antonyms (adj) slow,
leisurely, dull, 2. fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj)
dissolute, firm, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant,
quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, (adv) soon,
hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose,
(adv) slowly, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 3. swift (hzl);
synonyms (adj) fleet, lively, sudden, abrupt, express,
ready, sprightly, impetuous, unexpected,
immediate, keen, brief, impulsive, (n) cylinder, (adv)
swiftly; antonym (adj) considered, 4. soon (ok
gemeden); synonyms (adv) shortly, early,
presently, anon, immediately, directly, betimes,
now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly, erelong,
speedily, afterward.
abukluk 1. speed (hz); synonyms (n) race, rapidity,
velocity, celerity, (v) hasten, hurry, quicken, run,
rush, accelerate, dash, dispatch, expedite, promote,
shoot; antonym (n) slowness, 2. readiness;
synonyms (n) facility, alacrity, ease, dexterity,
eagerness, expedition, knack, preparation,
promptness, quickness, fitness, maturity, aptitude,
(v) preparedness, ripeness.
adr 1. tent; synonyms (n) awning, camp, canopy,
barracks, buckling, cover, dossil, shelter, tilt,
design, gazebo, (v) bivouac, dwell, encamp, hinder,
2. canvas (tuval); synonyms (n) picture, duck,
sail, sheet, (v) canvass, painting, tableau.
a 1. era; synonyms (n) age, period, time, epoch,
date, cycle, style, 2. period (devir, dnem,
nokta); synonyms (n) dot, era, point, duration,
generation, day, conclusion, interval, length,
menstruation, stage, mark, course, lifetime,
catamenia, 3. time (saat, sre, zaman);
synonyms (n) hour, moment, measure, season,
spell, instant, space, tempo, sentence, beat,
occasion, juncture, (v) clock, regulate, schedule;
antonym (n) death, 4. age (ya); synonyms (n)
aba 1. effort (gayret); synonyms (n) attempt,

exertion, application, drive, endeavor, struggle,
trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, push, campaign,
cause, crusade, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest,
battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, scramble,
scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute, labor, quarrel,
contend, fighting; antonyms (v) flourish, glide.
abalama 1. effort (aba, gayret); synonyms (n)
attempt, exertion, application, drive, endeavor,
struggle, trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, push,
campaign, cause, crusade, 2. struggle; synonyms
(n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort,
scramble, scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute,
labor, quarrel, contend, fighting; antonyms (v)
flourish, glide.
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Turkish - English
aeon, years, antiquity, eternity, dotage, (v) mature,

grow, ripen, develop, mellow.
ada 1. modern (modern); synonyms (adj) fresh,
new, fashionable, late, advanced, current, latest,
recent, contemporary, novel, present, stylish,
innovative, chic, latter; antonyms (adj) oldfashioned, ancient, antiquated, old, prehistoric,
traditional, conservative, neurotic, old-time,
primordial, 2. contemporary (Modern);
synonyms (adj) contemporaneous, modern, up-todate, topical, existing, simultaneous, coetaneous,
cotemporary, (n) coeval, equal; antonym (adj) past.
arma call (barmak, armak, ar);

synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid,
summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal,
yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v)
dismiss.
armak 1. call (barmak, ar); synonyms (v)
cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl,
address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint,
command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 2.
invite; synonyms (v) draw, allure, call, tempt, ask,
attract, entice, beckon, court, encourage, receive,
solicit, beg, crave, (n) invitation.
ar 1. call (barmak, armak); synonyms (v)
cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl,
address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint,
command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 2.
invitation; synonyms (n) call, bidding, temptation,
lure, supplication, attraction, request, entreaty,
importunity, (v) invite, solicitation, 3. summons;
synonyms (n) citation, invitation, process, writ,
invocation, warrant, vocation, act, charge,
indictment, requisition.
arm association (dernek); synonyms (n)
affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity,
company, fellowship, link, partnership, society,
syndicate, congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage.
akl gravel; synonyms (n) grit, (v) bedevil, get,
nonplus, rag, baffle, bewilder, flummox, mystify,
perplex, puzzle, (adj) bother, dirt, grating, gravelly.
akmak 1. lighter; synonyms (n) barge, flatboat,
igniter, light, coaster, collier, hoy, ignitor, pontoon,
brightness, illumination, slaver, whaler, lighting,
lightness, 2. flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze,
shimmer, glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker,
twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate,
dazzle, lighten, 3. drive (srmek); synonyms (n)
ride, force, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause,
ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge,
coerce, beat, carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia, 4.
strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock,
assault, clap, (v) bang, hit, impress, slap, move,
affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, collide.
alg instrument (alet, ara); synonyms (n) channel,
deed, agency, apparatus, appliance, document,

means, (v) implement.
algc musician (mzisyen); synonyms (n) player,
instrumentalist, minstrel, singer, actor, artiste,
virtuoso.
al bush; synonyms (n) shrub, bushing, wild,
chaparral, hedge, jungle, plant, scrub, wilderness.
alnmak sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v)
ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy,
fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible;
antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound,
confused.
alan working; synonyms (adj) operative, practical,
active, busy, acting, occupied, effective, engaged,
(n) operation, running, functioning, play, agency,
movement, performance; antonyms (adj) passive,
unemployed.
alkan energetic; synonyms (adj) active, animated,
brisk, busy, driving, dynamic, effective, powerful,
strong, agile, emphatic, aggressive, efficacious,
efficient, enterprising; antonyms (adj) lethargic,
lazy, sluggish, exhausted, inactive, indolent,
languid, weary, apathetic, dull, indifferent, listless.
alkanlk industry (endstri); synonyms (n)
business, application, diligence, effort,
industriousness, labor, toil, trade, work,
assiduousness, exertion, manufacture, commerce.
alma 1. work (almak, i); synonyms (n)
exercise, business, employment, function, task,
action, act, book, composition, (v) labor, operate,
toil, cultivate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle,
malfunction, 2. operation (ameliyat,
operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement,
agency, effect, management, functioning,
performance, running, mission, activity, force,
manipulation, operations, procedure, process, 3.
working; synonyms (adj) operative, practical,
active, busy, acting, occupied, effective, engaged,
operating, operational, brisk, (n) operation, play,
go, workings; antonyms (adj) passive, unemployed,
4. labour; synonyms (n) effort, exertion, childbed,
confinement, proletariat, (v) grind, travail, drive,
drudge, fag, fatigue, moil, push, tug, dig, 5. action
(etki, eylem, hareket, i); synonyms (n)
accomplishment, battle, deed, engagement, fight,
behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, move, plot,
transaction, step, (v) achievement, combat;
antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 6. training
(Eitim); synonyms (n) education, instruction,
breeding, practice, preparation, teaching,
discipline, nurture, drill, schooling, experience,
workout, culture, coaching, grooming, 7. study;
synonyms (n) survey, consideration, investigation,
learning, (v) consider, examine, review, learn,
research, check, analyze, contemplate, inquire,
investigate, meditate.
Turkish - English
almak 1. work (alma, i); synonyms (n)
exercise, business, employment, function, task,
action, act, book, composition, (v) labor, operate,
toil, cultivate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle,
malfunction, 2. try; synonyms (v) attempt, test,
struggle, prove, strive, assay, examine, experiment,
judge, sample, (n) endeavor, essay, chance, effort,
shot, 3. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try,
offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, exertion,
go, stab, (v) aim, undertake, seek, tempt, venture, 4.
labour; synonyms (n) childbed, confinement,
proletariat, (v) grind, travail, drive, drudge, fag,
fatigue, moil, push, tug, dig, 5. operate
(iletmek); synonyms (v) run, direct, employ,
handle, manage, move, perform, proceed, work,
maneuver, fly, behave, control, do, engage, 6.
study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration,
investigation, learning, meditation, (v) consider,
review, learn, research, check, analyze,
contemplate, inquire, investigate, meditate, 7. start
(balamak, balang, balatmak); synonyms
(v) begin, originate, commence, launch, embark,
spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock,
beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v)
end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion.
altrc trainer; synonyms (n) coach, teacher,
instructor, mentor, professor, tutor, cavalier, don,
equestrian, horseman, jockey, rider, roughrider, (v)
preparer.
altrma 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon);

synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency,
effect, business, management, action, function,
functioning, performance, running, mission, task,
job, 2. employment; synonyms (n) occupation,
trade, use, career, duty, engagement, service,
exploitation, avocation, berth, (v) application,
employ, calling, profession, (adj) work; antonym (n)
unemployment, 3. operating; synonyms (n)
operation, farming, (adj) working, acting, operative,
effective, active, employed, energetic, energical,
engaged, loose, managing, performing, 4.
starting; synonyms (n) start, commencement, first,
outset, departure, kickoff, origin, source,
advantage, (adj) opening, initial, incipient, original,
(prep) beginning, from.
altrmak 1. run (komak); synonyms (v) flow,
rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct,
function, go, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, (adj)
stream, 2. operate (iletmek); synonyms (v) act,
run, employ, handle, manage, move, perform,
proceed, work, maneuver, exercise, fly, behave,
control, do, 3. start (balamak, balang,
balatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate,
commence, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise,
(n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning,
commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish,
stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 4. work
93
(alma, almak, i); synonyms (n) business,

employment, task, action, book, composition, (v)
labor, operate, toil, cultivate, exploit, ferment, form,
(adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction.
alkalamak shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n)
tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake.
alkantl turbulent; synonyms (adj) tempestuous,
tumultuous, rough, furious, boisterous, disorderly,
noisy, riotous, violent, wild, rude, troubled, unruly,
agitated, (n) stormy; antonym (adj) calm.
alma theft (hrszlk); synonyms (n) robbery,
larceny, stealing, burglary, thievery,
embezzlement, thieving, depredation, latrociny,
stealth.
almak 1. steal (armak); synonyms (v) abstract, lift,
purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer, pinch,
plunder, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip, (n)
bargain, 2. lift (asansr, kaldrmak); synonyms
(n) elevator, boost, heave, support, (v) hoist, raise,
rise, elevate, erect, hike, advance, airlift, rear, steal,
swipe, 3. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n)
knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress,
slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, 4.
nick; synonyms (n) notch, mark, cut, chip, incision,
score, scratch, arrest, gash, gouge, indentation, (v)
dent, hack, indent, slash, 5. abstract (zet,
soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v)
abridge, extract, remove, (n) synopsis, abridgement,
digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief,
outline, precis, resume; antonym (adj) concrete, 6.
hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet,
draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten,
hitch, button, ensnare, attach, 7. sound (ses);
reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just,
(adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 8. ring (halka,
yzk); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle,
loop, rim, circuit, annulus, arena, (v) circle, call,
resound, reverberate, gird, buzz, 9. toll; synonyms
(n) duty, fee, price, tax, cost, charge, due, excise,
impost, levy, tariff, assessment, dues, damage,
expense.
am pine; synonyms (n) yearn, sink, (v) languish, long,
ache, droop, flag, fade, suffer, decline, yen, die, (adj)
peak.
amar 1. washing; synonyms (n) laundry, wash,
laundering, lavation, cleaning, purification,
airstream, backwash, bucking, race, slipstream,
washables, (adj) cleansing, clysmic, 2. laundry;
synonyms (n) washhouse, washing, dairy, (v)
lavatory.
amarhane laundry; synonyms (n) washhouse,
wash, washing, dairy, airstream, backwash,
washables, laundering, lavation, race, slipstream,
(v) lavatory.
94
Turkish - English
amur 1. mud; synonyms (n) dirt, filth, grime, ooze,

sludge, soil, swamp, (adj) clay, (v) mire, muck, 2.
dirt; synonyms (n) dust, crap, ground, scandal,
contamination, smudge, dirtiness, foulness,
impurity, land, pollution, smut, squalor, stain,
uncleanness, 3. clay (kil); synonyms (n) remains,
pottery, loam, mud, ashes, cadaver, (adj) earthen.
amurlu muddy; synonyms (adj) boggy, cloudy,
filthy, turbid, foul, dark, dingy, dull, grimy,
marshy, miry, murky, sloppy, (v) dirty, blur;
antonyms (adj) clear, clean, dry.
amurluk wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n)
annex, arm, fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension,
pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly,
soar.
anak bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container,
hollow, stadium, arena, depression, bowlful,
trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle.
anta 1. bag (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch,
package, briefcase, purse, sack, case, container,
knapsack, (v) bulge, capture, catch, filch, hook, net,
2. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover,
jacket, shell, affair, bag, casing, eccentric, instance,
suit, carton, action, (adj) patient, 3. suitcase;
synonyms (n) grip, luggage, handbag, bagful, base,
clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, dish, grasp, hairgrip,
handgrip, handle, hold.
ap 1. diameter; synonyms (n) caliber, width, diam,
radius, breadth, diametral, length, size, broadness,
module, 2. scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake,
gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick,
rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh,
rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend.
aprak complicated; synonyms (adj) complex,
intricate, elaborate, hard, complicate, awkward,
convoluted, deep, difficult, knotty, obscure,
sophisticated, tortuous, tricky, (v) involved;
antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward, clear, easy.
apraz 1. across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross,
overthwart, (adv) over, crossways, crosswise, (adj)
crossed; antonyms (adv) along, (adj) uncrossed, 2.
good-tempered, 3. bias (nyarg); synonyms (n)
penchant, drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope,
angle, bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose,
(adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality,
neutrality, fairness.
aprazlama across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross,
crossed; antonyms (adv) along, (adj) uncrossed.
are 1. cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote,
medicine, salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy,
(v) correct, help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve,
restore, 2. remedy (ila); synonyms (n) cure,

redress, drug, relief, medication, physic,
remediation, treatment, amendment, amends, (v)
amend, rectify, relieve, aid, doctor, 3. solution
(zelti, zm, eriyik); synonyms (n)
dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve,
determination, explanation, key, result, definition,
resolving, clarification, liquid, reply, outcome, 4.
resource (kaynak); synonyms (n) expedient,
imagination, stock, device, facility, asset,
contrivance, resourcefulness, shift, source, (v)
recourse, resort, refuge, 5. shift; synonyms (n)
interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v)
change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge,
convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate, 6. help
(imdat, yardm, yardm etmek); synonyms (v)
assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate,
contribute, forward, back, (n) assistance, benefit,
support, assistant, boost, encouragement;
antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance,
detriment, 7. relief; synonyms (n) comfort,
consolation, relaxation, release, respite, solace,
abatement, alleviation, rest, assuagement, break,
easing, embossment, ministration, mitigation.
aresiz 1. helpless (aciz); synonyms (adj) forlorn,
powerless, defenseless, weak, disabled, feeble,
hopeless, impotent, unable, incompetent,
vulnerable, (n) frail, (v) destitute, abandoned, 2.
inevitable; synonyms (adj) certain, ineluctable,
unavoidable, inescapable, destined, fatal, fated,
irresistible, irrevocable, necessary, obvious,
avoidless, predictable, unchangeable; antonyms
(adj) uncertain, evitable.
aresizlik desperation; synonyms (n) despair, fury,
rage, foolhardiness, recklessness, desperateness,
burst, confusion.
ark wheel (Teker, tekerlek); synonyms (n) circle,
cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, (v) roll,
revolve, turn, bike, spin, trundle, gyrate, rotate,
twirl.
ark engineer (mhendis); synonyms (n)
architect, mastermind, machinist, (v) devise,
conduct, contrive, direct, organize, plan, construct,
finagle, fix, guide, hatch, manage.
armh cross (ha); synonyms (n) crisscross,
affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj)
crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy,
grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v)
uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered.
arpan factor (etmen); synonyms (n) agent,
component, broker, divisor, element, ingredient,
part, deputy, consideration, feature, parameter,
point, delegate, item, (adj) constituent.
arpc 1. striking; synonyms (adj) impressive,
dramatic, outstanding, salient, spectacular,
imposing, astonishing, conspicuous, extraordinary,
notable, noticeable, prominent, remarkable, (n) hit,
Turkish - English
strike; antonyms (adj) ugly, ordinary, unimpressive,
2. dramatic; synonyms (adj) theatrical, scenic,
exciting, sensational, striking, sudden, thespian;
antonyms (adj) gradual, undramatic.
arpk irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical,
anomalous, broken, eccentric, erratic, changeable,
desultory, deviant, disorderly, guerilla, sporadic,
strange, unequal, (n) guerrilla; antonyms (adj)
regular, constant, even, normal, smooth,
symmetrical, compact, cyclic, equal, steady.
arpklk 1. distortion; synonyms (n) aberration,
contortion, deformation, misrepresentation,
exaggeration, corruption, malformation, torture,
twist, twisting, caricature, (adj) deformity, (v)
perversion, 2. cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms (v)
hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck,
dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance,
casting, mold.
arpm product (rn); synonyms (n) fruit, output,
merchandise, proceeds, outgrowth, crop, article,
commodity, composition, consequence,
manufacture, harvest, development, effect, (v)
produce.
arpma 1. collision; synonyms (n) clash, clashing,
conflict, crash, hit, smash, accident, rencounter, jar,
hitting, striking, blow, concussion, contact, discord,
2. impact (etki); synonyms (n) shock, collision,
force, effect, impingement, impression, influence,
touch, bang, consequence, jolt, push, upshot, (v)
affect, ram, 3. conflict; synonyms (n) combat, fight,
battle, contention, contest, dispute, encounter,
action, antagonism, difference, disagreement,
engagement, fighting, scuffle, (v) collide; antonyms
engagement; synonyms (n) appointment,
commitment, contract, duty, betrothal, date,
employment, employ, meeting, mesh, rendezvous,
affair, assignation, bargain, bout, 5. combat;
synonyms (n) brawl, fray, war, hostility, affray,
struggle, feud, (v) oppose, resist, wrestle, tilt, attack,
contend, engage, grapple, 6. action (etki, eylem,
hareket, i); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment,
activity, agency, deed, movement, performance,
play, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, move, plot,
(v) achievement; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity,
7. clash; synonyms (n) brush, clang, quarrel,
wrangle, argument, clangor, clangour, clatter,
scrap, skirmish, (v) impact, clank, squabble,
disagree, jangle, 8. encounter; synonyms (n)
confrontation, competition, (v) confront, experience,
face, find, detect, bump, chance, incur, meet,
receive, see, suffer, assail; antonym (v) retreat.
arpmak 1. clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush,
antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree, 2. encounter;
synonyms (n) collision, combat, contest, action,
95
confrontation, engagement, (v) clash, confront,

experience, face, find, rencounter, detect, bump,
chance; antonym (v) retreat.
arptma distortion (arpklk); synonyms (n)
aberration, contortion, deformation,
misrepresentation, exaggeration, corruption,
malformation, torture, twist, twisting, caricature,
(adj) deformity, (v) perversion.
arptmak angle (a); synonyms (n) hook, incline,
view, aspect, cant, corner, outlook, perspective,
pitch, position, viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish.
arpma 1. impact (etki); synonyms (n) hit, shock,
blow, clash, collision, crash, force, effect,
impingement, impression, influence, touch, (v)
affect, contact, ram, 2. stroke (inme, vuru);
synonyms (n) beat, caress, mark, apoplexy, attack,
bang, impact, knock, line, streak, (v) buffet, lick,
fondle, move, pat, 3. strike (bulmak, grev);
synonyms (n) assault, clap, rap, smash, tap, (v)
impress, slap, box, bump, clout, coin, collide, mint,
whack, lash, 4. shock (ok); synonyms (n) daze,
outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, scare, (v) jar,
offend, revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay,
frighten, horrify; antonym (v) comfort.
arpmak 1. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n)
knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress,
slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, 2.
hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain,
belt, blow, collide, encounter, clash, club, contact,
(n) smash, touch, chance, bash, collision, play;
antonyms (n) failure, flop, 3. bang; synonyms (n)
smack, blast, rap, thud, clang, crack, crash, (v) slam,
boom, clatter, clink, thump, whack, pat, clank, 4.
pulse; synonyms (n) impulse, pulsation, heartbeat,
legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence, measure,
pulsing, vibration, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate,
pound, vibrate.
araf sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, layer,
leaf, canvas, film, paper, coat, coating, blanket,
cover, coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail.
ar 1. market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar,
marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v) demand,
sell, commercialize, exchange, handle,
merchandise, sale, 2. fair (gzel, sarn);
synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average,
dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet,
candid, comely, (adv) clean, (n) blonde, carnival, (v)
bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark,
exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced,
mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted.
atal fork; synonyms (n) crotch, branch, bifurcation,
branching, turn, corner, angle, forking, junction, (v)
diverge, divide, separate, split, bend, pitchfork.
atallamak 1. fork (atal); synonyms (n) crotch,
branch, bifurcation, branching, turn, corner, angle,
forking, junction, (v) diverge, divide, separate, split,
bend, pitchfork, 2. crack; synonyms (n) break,
96
Turkish - English
fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice,

breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave, rift;
antonyms (v) repair, mend.
at 1. framework (iskelet); synonyms (n) frame,
fabric, framing, chassis, form, shell, architecture,
carcass, grating, rack, setting, skeleton, structure,
anatomy, building, 2. skeleton (iskelet);
synonyms (n) framework, sketch, bones, body,
outline, scaffold, cadaver, corpse, plan, summary,
build, physique, corse, ruins, (v) draft, 3. roof
(dam); synonyms (n) crown, ceiling, housing,
dome, shelter, back, house, (v) top, cover, 4. frame
(ereve); synonyms (n) design, border, fashion,
formation, stand, box, (v) construct, fabricate, erect,
make, forge, constitute, contrive, shape, create, 5.
voice (ses); synonyms (n) speech, sound,
language, part, suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate,
express, pronounce, say, speak, utter, vocalize,
articulate, state.
atrt crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft,
fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst,
snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v) repair,
mend.
atma 1. clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush,
antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree, 2. collision
(arpma); synonyms (n) clash, clashing, hit,
smash, accident, rencounter, hitting, striking, blow,
concussion, contact, percussion, shock, (v)
rencontre, 3. conflict; synonyms (n) combat,
contention, contest, action, antagonism, collision,
difference, disagreement, engagement, fighting,
scuffle, strife, struggle, war, argument; antonyms
(n) accord, harmony, peace.
atmak clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush,
atlak 1. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft,
mend, 2. fault (arza, bozukluk, hata, kusur);
synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame,
blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, demerit,
weakness, default, (v) deficiency, culpability;
antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3. split (ayrmak,
blmek, blnme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack,
cut, slit, divide, separate, divorce, division, fork,
part, rift, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, parting;
antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 4. crazy (deli);
synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap, wild,
absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, demented,
eccentric, foolish, ludicrous, preposterous, silly,
wacky; antonyms (adj) sane, sensible, 5. chap;
synonyms (n) fellow, person, blighter, cranny, guy,
lad, man, beau, scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent,

male, wight; antonym (n) woman, 6. break
(mola); synonyms (v) fail, infringe, leak, undo,
beat, bust, contravene, (n) pause, stop, collapse,
interruption, respite, suspension, breakage, chance;
antonyms (v) obey, honor, (n) continuation.
atlamak 1. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft,
mend, 2. chap; synonyms (n) fellow, person,
blighter, crack, cranny, guy, lad, man, beau,
scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male; antonym (n)
woman, 3. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms
(n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance,
rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil,
(adj) elastic.
atlatmak 1. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture,
cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach,
burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v)
repair, mend, 2. chap; synonyms (n) fellow,
person, blighter, crack, cranny, guy, lad, man, beau,
scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male; antonym (n)
woman, 3. split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme,
yarmak); synonyms (v) cut, slit, divide, separate,
divorce, division, fork, part, rift, rive, (n) rip,
rupture, tear, cleavage, parting; antonyms (v) join,
unite, merge.
avu sergeant; synonyms (n) serjeant, detective,
disciplinarian, officer.
ay 1. tea; synonyms (n) reception, meal, party,
teatime, (v) chocolate, cocoa, coffee, 2. stream
(akm); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run, spurt,
(v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel,
creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle.
aydanlk kettle; synonyms (n) boiler, can,
kettledrum, kettleful, timpani, urn, alembic,
bolthead, capsule, pan, bucket, container, eardrum,
matrass, receiver.
ayr 1. grass (imen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis,
forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb,
herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot,
green, hemp, 2. field (alan, saha, tarla);
synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain,
ground, place, battleground, compass, court,
department, discipline, range, realm, section,
sphere.
aylak kite (uurtma); synonyms (n) parachute,
airplane, epistle, former, letter, slip, (v) scram.
ehre 1. face (surat, yz); synonyms (n) look, aspect,
countenance, expression, side, top, exterior,
appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity,
veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back,
2. aspect; synonyms (n) bearing, manner, prospect,
view, air, angle, face, facet, feature, quality, respect,
scene, vista, shape, (v) regard.
Turkish - English
ek 1. check (denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v)
bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar,
dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill,
cheque, 2. cheque; synonyms (n) draft, assay,
checkout, chip, chit, confirmation, crack, hitch, stay,
stoppage, substantiation, tab, verification, (v) check,
trace.
eki hammer; synonyms (n) pound, gavel, (v) strike,
bang, beat, knock, tap, club, forge, hit, thrash,
drive, drum, rap, batter.
ekici 1. attractive; synonyms (adj) alluring, amiable,
repulsive, straight, unpleasant, 2. tractor
(traktr); synonyms (n) backhoe, grader,
steamroller, 3. catching; synonyms (adj)
contagious, communicable, infectious, epidemic, (n)
discovery, take, 4. charming; synonyms (adj)
beautiful, attractive, captivating, lovely, pleasing,
winning, nice, agreeable, amusing, bewitching,
cute, delectable, exquisite, lovable, magic, 5.
magnetic (manyetik); synonyms (adj)
charismatic, inviting, magnetized, prepossessing,
entrancing, seductive, hypnotic, dynamic, electric,
electrical, electrifying, magical, magnetised,
mesmerizing, repetitive, 6. fascinating
(byleyici); synonyms (adj) absorbing,
engrossing, desirable, enthralling, fetching,
gripping, magnetic, riveting, compelling, exotic,
exciting, spellbinding, invigorating, striking, (v)
taking; antonyms (adj) boring, uninteresting, dull,
7. glamorous; synonyms (adj) colorful,
glamourous, swanky, 8. appealing; synonyms
(adj) likable, pretty, enticing, imploring, likeable,
pleading, pleasant, sweet, 9. inviting, 10.
winning; synonyms (adj) triumphant, victorious,
successful, disarming, ingratiating, persuasive;
antonym (adv) losing, 11. taking; synonyms (adj)
catching, (n) capture, acceptance, acharnement,
receipt.
ekicilik 1. attraction (cazibe); synonyms (n) allure,
enticement, invitation, affinity, allurement, appeal,
charm, lure, attractiveness, bait, draw, fascination,
inducement, magnetism, temptation; antonyms (n)
repulsion, disgust, revulsion, 2. charm; synonyms
(n) amulet, spell, attraction, conjure, incantation, (v)
attract, captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant,
entrance, beguile, capture, enamor, please;
antonyms (n) ugliness, (v) repel, 3. fascination;
synonyms (n) bewitchment, enchantment, glamor,
glamour, captivation, charisma, enthrallment,
magic, trance, interest, pull, seduction, witchery,
fancy, mania; antonym (n) distraction, 4. appeal;
synonyms (n) plea, address, application, demand,
97
entreaty, prayer, recourse, (v) request, sue, ask,

beseech, implore, plead, advert, apply; antonym (n)
unpleasantness.
ekilemek hammer (eki); synonyms (n) pound,
gavel, (v) strike, bang, beat, knock, tap, club, forge,
hit, thrash, drive, drum, rap, batter.
ekili draw (ekmek, izmek); synonyms (v)
describe, design, tie, bring, charm, haul, (n) allure,
attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel.
ekilme withdrawal; synonyms (n) removal,
retirement, retreat, secession, departure, defection,
desertion, recession, backdown, retraction, repeal,
recall, exit, exodus, (v) subtraction.
ekilmek 1. retire; synonyms (v) recede, resign, leave,
retreat, withdraw, abdicate, ebb, adjourn, depart,
go, quit, remove, return, secede, regrade, 2.
resign; synonyms (v) renounce, cede, relinquish,
abandon, drop, deliver, forgo, surrender, forsake,
desert, forego, submit, yield, reconcile, release, 3.
withdraw (geri ekmek); synonyms (v) extract,
retire, retract, cancel, disengage, draw, recall,
repeal, rescind, revoke, shrink, subtract, swallow,
unsay, deduct; antonyms (v) advance, extend, give,
offer, present, propose, deposit.
ekilmez 1. impossible; synonyms (adj) insufferable,
unimaginable, hopeless, impracticable, impractical,
inconceivable, unbelievable, unlikely, ridiculous,
unthinkable, intolerable, implausible, incredible,
unacceptable, unfeasible; antonyms (adj) possible,
achievable, feasible, 2. intolerable; synonyms (adj)
insupportable, unbearable, painful, obnoxious,
deplorable, detestable, inexcusable; antonyms (adj)
bearable, tolerable.
ekilmi 1. drawn; synonyms (adj) haggard,
careworn, worn, gaunt, pinched, taut, cadaverous,
tired, 2. ground (toprak, yer, zemin);
synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor, reason, dirt,
field, soil, account, country, basis, (v) bottom,
found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling.
ekim attraction (cazibe); synonyms (n) allure,
enticement, invitation, affinity, allurement, appeal,
charm, lure, attractiveness, bait, draw, fascination,
inducement, magnetism, temptation; antonyms (n)
repulsion, disgust, revulsion.
ekingen 1. shy (rkek); synonyms (adj) diffident,
fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy,
modest, nervous, reticent, self-conscious,
backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj)
brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward,
outgoing, 2. reserved; synonyms (adj) distant,
bashful, aloof, frigid, quiet, retiring, shy, formal,
humble, moderate, unapproachable, cautious, cool,
guarded, (n) cold; antonyms (adj) open,
forthcoming, relaxed, uninhibited, warm.
98
Turkish - English
ekingenlik 1. inhibition; synonyms (n) check,
ekme 1. pull (ekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw,
prohibition, restraint, suppression, taboo, control,

ban, constraint, arrest, forbiddance, repression,
restriction, (v) interference, collision, 2. reserve
(ayrmak); synonyms (n) backup, modesty,
reservation, substitute, bank, cache, diffidence,
hoard, (v) keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate,
engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness,
informality, warmth.
ekinmek shy (ekingen, rkek); synonyms (adj)
diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved,
ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw;
ekirdek 1. nucleus; synonyms (n) core, heart, kernel,
center, essence, nub, root, basis, embryo, focus,
germ, gist, marrow, bud, hub, 2. core (gbek);
synonyms (n) bosom, quintessence, stone, mind,
base, burden, centre, crux, middle, pith, substance,
nut, key, import, (adj) central; antonym (adj) minor,
3. seed (tohum); synonyms (n) issue, posterity,
offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus, brood, source,
beginning, berry, breed, (v) inseminate, plant, sow,
(adj) crumb.
eki 1. pull (ekme, ekmek); synonyms (v) drag,
draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick,
make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort;
antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. draw (ekmek,
izmek); synonyms (v) delineate, pull, depict,
derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, lure,
puff, get, outline, (n) allure, draft.
ekime 1. contention; synonyms (n) competition,
argument, argumentation, battle, conflict, assertion,
controversy, discord, allegation, arguing, claim,
difference, dispute, opposition, quarrel; antonym
(n) harmony, 2. conflict; synonyms (n) clash,
combat, fight, contention, contest, encounter,
action, antagonism, collision, disagreement,
engagement, fighting, scuffle, strife, (v) collide;
antonyms (n) agreement, accord, peace, (v) agree, 3.
contest; synonyms (n) bout, altercation, race,
struggle, debate, feud, game, match, (v) compete,
contend, argue, challenge, war, controvert, discuss,
4. competition; synonyms (n) rivalry, competitor,
rival, contender, emulation, event, fixture,
challenger; antonym (n) cooperation.
ekimek 1. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition,
conflict, fight, altercation, contention, race,
struggle, (v) battle, compete, combat, contend,
dispute, argue, challenge, 2. conflict; synonyms (n)
clash, contest, encounter, action, antagonism,
collision, difference, disagreement, engagement,
fighting, scuffle, strife, war, clashing, (v) collide;
antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace,
(v) agree.
draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make,

force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms
(v) push, repel, 2. extraction; synonyms (n)
descent, ancestry, birth, origin, family, lineage,
removal, blood, beginning, essence, extract,
genealogy, line, parentage, stock; antonym (n)
insertion, 3. draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill,
conscription, sketch, check, drawing, drink, (v)
outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, plan,
recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v) discharge, 4.
draw (ekmek, izmek); synonyms (v) pull,
depict, derive, describe, tie, bring, charm, lure,
puff, get, carry, deduce, elongate, (n) allure, draft.
ekmece drawer; synonyms (n) draftsman,
draughtsman, till, commode, engraver, case, locker,
closet, bin, buffet, bunker, cellaret, clothespress,
cupboard, draftsperson.
ekmek 1. pull (ekme); synonyms (v) drag, draw,
draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make,
force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms
(v) push, repel, 2. draw (izmek); synonyms (v)
delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie,
bring, charm, lure, puff, get, outline, (n) allure,
draft, 3. drag (srkleme, srklemek);
synonyms (v) trail, cart, heave, lug, tow, delay,
shamble, dredge, inhale, (n) bother, bore,
hindrance, inhalation, friction, clog, 4. attract;
synonyms (v) fascinate, beguile, captivate, enamor,
entice, invite, tempt, arrest, absorb, appeal, attach,
beckon, capture, catch, court; antonym (v) disgust,
5. absorb (emmek); synonyms (v) consume,
drink, engross, imbibe, assimilate, engage, occupy,
suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, ingest,
involve, (adj) immerse; antonym (v) emit, 6.
engage; synonyms (v) contract, book, employ,
betroth, charter, enlist, retain, hire, lock, mesh, rent,
take, busy, apply, bind; antonyms (v) fire,
disengage, 7. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt,
essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v)
abstract, educe, elicit, distill, express, extort, cull,
distil, mine, 8. bear (ay, tamak); synonyms (v)
carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, afford, allow,
assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey,
endure, hold, 9. grip (kavramak, yakalamak);
synonyms (n) clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench,
clinch, clutches, clamp, (v) grasp, cling, apprehend,
embrace, grab, grapple, gripe; antonym (v) release,
10. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek);

synonyms (n) help, aid, keep, comfort,
maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back,
brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost, confirm;
antonyms (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon,
reject, weaken, 11. withdraw (geri ekmek);
synonyms (v) extract, remove, retire, retract, retreat,
cancel, leave, recall, recede, secede, depart, go,
repeal, rescind, revoke; antonyms (v) advance,
Turkish - English
extend, give, offer, present, propose, deposit, 12.
shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash,
drive, flash, hunt, send, germinate, grow, inject, (n)
scion, branch, sprout, chute, 13. sustain;
synonyms (v) support, continue, preserve, suffer,
have, relieve, strengthen, affirm, bolster,
corroborate, experience, nourish, nurture, receive,
substantiate.
elik steel; synonyms (n) harden, blade, brand, brace,
foil, fortify, sword, invigorate, strengthen, (adj) iron,
adamant, (v) nerve, temper, gird.
eliki contradiction; synonyms (n) antithesis, denial,
clash, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy,
antonym (n) agreement.
elimek contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n)
contrariety, antithesis, comparison, distinction,
difference, variation, collation, opposite, (v) differ,
conflict, oppose, collate, diverge, clash,
counterpoint; antonym (n) similarity.
eltik paddy; synonyms (n) mick, (adj) rice, bran,
farina, flour, meal, spore, sporule, boorish, low,
mean, vagabond.
ember 1. circle (daire); synonyms (n) round,
association, band, compass, ring, field, range, beat,
circuit, company, gang, scope, (v) turn, whirl,
encircle, 2. ring (halka, yzk); synonyms (n)
jingle, loop, rim, annulus, arena, clique, (v) circle,
call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird, buzz,
ding.
ene 1. jaw; synonyms (n) chin, jaws, (v) chatter,
gossip, chat, gab, jabber, berate, chaffer, chew,
confabulate, gabble, chide, lecture, (adj) clack, 2.
chin; synonyms (n) talk, jaw, jawbone, rap,
mentum, button, cheek, chops, mouth, point, (v)
speak, confer, utter.
engel hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw,
crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend,
fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach.
engellemek hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw,
entik 1. score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count,
scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt,
(v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, 2. chip
(yonga); synonyms (n) splinter, bit, flake,
chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part, scrap,
shaving, (v) crack, nick, peel, cheep, chirp, 3. nick;
synonyms (n) chip, incision, score, arrest, gash,
gouge, indentation, (v) dent, steal, hack, indent,
slash, snick, nail, scrape.
entmek 1. chip (yonga); synonyms (n) splinter, bit,
flake, chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part,
scrap, shaving, check, (v) crack, cut, nick, peel, 2.
nick; synonyms (n) notch, mark, chip, incision,
99
score, scratch, arrest, gash, gouge, indentation, (v)

dent, steal, hack, indent, slash.
ereve 1. frame; synonyms (n) design, border, build,
fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct,
fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute,
contrive, 2. outline (zet); synonyms (n) sketch,
edge, abstract, contour, digest, figure, frame,
synopsis, brief, (v) line, describe, draw, chart,
adumbrate, blueprint, 3. mount; synonyms (v)
ascend, rise, climb, board, arise, advance, jump,
bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, fix, (n) hill,
mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley,
4. rim; synonyms (n) margin, brim, brink,
boundary, verge, lip, confine, bound, flange, limit,
ring, mouth, ridge, (v) skirt, hem.
erevelemek frame (ereve); synonyms (n) design,
border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form,
construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge,
constitute, contrive.
eit 1. kind (tr); synonyms (n) form, helpful, sort,
benign, brand, breed, class, gentle, type, variety,
(adj) friendly, generous, good, humane, affectionate;
antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel, hardhearted,
mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring,
upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 2. sort
(snflandrmak); synonyms (n) kind, assortment,
description, rank, pattern, fashion, nature, order,
organize, range, (v) group, arrange, classify, divide,
(adj) manner, 3. order (dzen, dzenlemek,
emretmek, sra); synonyms (n) command, decree,
dictate, array, charge, condition, disposition, edict,
injunction, instruction, genus, (v) direct,
commission, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy,
chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder,
request, 4. description (betimleme, tanm);
synonyms (n) account, delineation, depiction,
explanation, picture, definition, narration,
portrayal, recital, report, representation, statement,
story, portrait, (adj) character, 5. cast (atmak,
kalp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, shed, stamp,
fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould,
pitch, (n) appearance, casting, mold, 6. breed;
synonyms (n) race, ancestry, posterity, progeny, (v)
engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause,
cultivate, hatch, produce, propagate, raise, 7. class
(snf); synonyms (n) category, grade, position,
department, classification, course, denomination,
division, elegance, family, like, (v) place, categorize,
assort, branch, 8. variety (varyete); synonyms (n)
species, change, style, variation, diversity,
miscellany, strain, variance, mixture, hodgepodge,
medley, miscellanea, pedigree, stock, (v) difference;
antonym (n) uniformity, 9. species (tr);
synonyms (n) show, sight, phenomenon,
premonstration, scene, (v) offspring.
eitleme variation; synonyms (n) alteration, change,
difference, divergence, mutation, variance,
100
Turkish - English
deviation, discrepancy, departure, fluctuation,

disagreement, dissimilarity, permutation, contrast,
distinction; antonym (n) similarity.
eitlemek vary; synonyms (v) alter, change, differ,
modify, alternate, deviate, diverge, diversify,
modulate, depart, disagree, fluctuate, shift,
variegate, contrast.
eitli 1. different (baka); synonyms (adj) another,
assorted, dissimilar, unusual, various, alien,
alternative, discrete, distinct, diverse, foreign, fresh,
miscellaneous, new, opposite; antonyms (adj)
similar, corresponding, equal, identical, like,
typical, 2. varied; synonyms (adj) mixed, different,
diversified, sundry, heterogeneous, manifold,
motley, many, versatile, odd; antonyms (adj)
boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform, 3. various;
synonyms (adj) several, varied, divers, separate,
numerous, multiple, frequent, disparate, unequal;
antonym (adj) few.
eitlilik variety (varyete); synonyms (n) kind, sort,
species, change, form, style, type, variation, breed,
diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, (adj) class, (v)
difference; antonym (n) uniformity.
eme fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source,
origin, well, derivation, root, spout, squirt,
wellspring, (v) spring, flow.
eni flavour (tat vermek); synonyms (n) aroma,
savor, smell, feel, feeling, relish, sapidity, savour,
smack, tang, taste, tone, (v) flavor, season.
enilendirmek season; synonyms (n) opportunity,
space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure,
salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj)
harden, habituate.
ete 1. gang; synonyms (n) crew, band, circle,
company, crowd, association, bunch, faction, mob,
pack, team, assemblage, clique, club, group, 2.
band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set,
swathe, collar, gang, knot, lace, strap, strip, stripe,
zone, (v) ring, combine, tie.
etin 1. tough; synonyms (adj) hard, difficult,
tenacious, strong, arduous, firm, hardy, laborious,
rugged, severe, stout, sturdy, rough, (n) bully,
rowdy; antonyms (adj) tender, easy, weak, flimsy,
soft, feeble, lightweight, simple, 2. hard (sert);
synonyms (adj) austere, bad, grave, callous, cruel,
grueling, knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic,
backbreaking, compact, complicated, dour, (v)
acute; antonyms (adj) kind, merciful, soggy,
yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 3. difficult (zor);
synonyms (adj) awkward, demanding, burdensome,
delicate, fastidious, uphill, finicky, abstruse,
ambitious, cantankerous, complex, contrary,
crabby, disagreeable, exacting; antonyms (adj)
straightforward, good-natured, rewarding, clear.
evik 1. brisk; synonyms (adj) active, agile, bracing,
alive, bright, lively, quick, acute, alert, energetic,
nimble, smart, sprightly, adroit, animated;
antonyms (adj) slow, soporific, 2. swift (hzl);

synonyms (adj) fast, fleet, rapid, speedy, hasty,
prompt, expeditious, hurried, sudden, abrupt,
express, ready, impetuous, unexpected, (n)
cylinder; antonyms (adj) considered, leisurely.
eviri 1. version (uyarlama); synonyms (n) reading,
translation, construction, interpretation, rendering,
rendition, variation, account, description, variant,
lection, report, story, explanation, paraphrase, 2.
interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version,
exposition, clarification, commentary, illustration,
definition, interpreting, analysis, performance,
understanding, explication, gloss, evaluation,
meaning, representation, 3. translation;
synonyms (n) displacement, transformation,
metamorphosis, conversion, shift, adaptation,
alteration, consecration, edition, induction,
institution, ordination, preferment, resurrection, (v)
transmission.
evirme 1. conversion (dntrme); synonyms
(n) alteration, change, changeover, adaptation,
exchange, transformation, adjustment, amendment,
modification, passage, shift, transfer, transition,
version, (adj) salvation, 2. assembly (montaj);
synonyms (n) gathering, meeting, collection,
congregation, convention, fabrication, multitude,
assembling, body, chamber, cluster, company,
conclave, concourse, (v) assemblage, 3. enclosure;
synonyms (n) coop, cage, barrier, enclosing, pen,
hedge, addition, sty, case, envelopment, fencing,
inclosure, insert, railing, ring.
evirmek 1. turn (dnmek, dn); synonyms (v)
revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve,
roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle,
2. convert (dntrmek); synonyms (v) alter,
adapt, reform, commute, invert, exchange, modify,
switch, transform, turn, become, replace, (n)
proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 3. spin
(dndrmek); synonyms (n) twirl, whirl, ride,
eddy, (v) run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent,
narrate, pivot, recite, recount, rotate, 4. render;
synonyms (v) afford, interpret, explain, furnish,
give, offer, pay, construe, depict, impart, make,
provide, return, translate, yield.
evre 1. environment (ortam); synonyms (n)
circumstance, background, habitat, atmosphere,
context, setting, surroundings, vicinity, ecology,
element, circumstances, environs, medium, scene,
home, 2. surroundings; synonyms (n)
environment, neighborhood, milieu, ambiance,
situation, surround, ambience, locale, 3. sphere;
synonyms (n) region, range, area, domain, province,
realm, ball, circle, department, globe, round, ring,
arena, compass, field, 4. vicinity; synonyms (n)
district, proximity, place, locality, neighbourhood,
vicinage, outskirts, section, 5. neighbourhood, 6.
atmosphere (atmosfer); synonyms (n) air, aura,
feel, feeling, mood, quality, climate, atm, 7.
Turkish - English
compass (pusula); synonyms (n) scope,
circumference, extent, reach, room, breadth, ambit,
boundary, capacity, (v) get, grasp, accomplish,
achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 8. region (blge);
synonyms (n) land, country, part, circuit, division,
quarter, territory, belt, expanse, ground, dominion,
demesne, direction, position, kingdom.
evrebilim ecology (ekoloji); synonyms (n)
bionomics, botany, conservationism, network,
system.
evrede around; synonyms (adv) about,
approximately, almost, round, roughly, nearly,
some, somewhere, (prep) encompassing, encircling,
circa, surrounding, (adj) near, nearby, (n) vicinity.
evresel 1. peripheral; synonyms (adj) exterior, outer,
external, marginal, extraneous, outlying, outside,
nonessential, outdoor, frivolous, peripherical,
superficial, divergent, extreme, (n) component;
antonyms (adj) central, vital, 2. environmental;
synonyms (adj) ecological, physical, circumstantial,
biodegradable, biological, conservation, natural,
geographical, geological, green, organic, pure,
recyclable, (n) earthly, terrestrial.
evresinde round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about,
around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby,
complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, (v)
compass, turn, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp.
evrim 1. circuit (devre); synonyms (n) beat, area,
excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter,
periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip,
journey, 2. cycle (bisiklet); synonyms (n) bicycle,
ring, sequence, circuit, period, turn, bout, run, age,
interval, orbit, (v) bike, motorcycle, wheel, pedal.
eyiz portion (para, porsiyon); synonyms (n) part,
division, piece, constituent, allot, component,
fragment, parcel, section, dole, allowance, (v) lot,
dividend, divide, allotment.
eyrek quarter; synonyms (n) area, part, district,
division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction,
portion, quart, (v) place, lodge, line, put,
accommodate.
iek flower; synonyms (n) bouquet, cream,
efflorescence, elite, floret, florescence, ornament,
nosegay, (v) bloom, blossom, blow, flourish, (adj)
prime, floral, fructify.
ieklenmek flower (iek); synonyms (n) bouquet,
cream, efflorescence, elite, floret, florescence,
ornament, nosegay, (v) bloom, blossom, blow,
flourish, (adj) prime, floral, fructify.
ieklik bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base,
basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib,
sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting.
ift 1. double (ifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual,
duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend,
geminate, plait, (n) twin, image, match, mate,
substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single, 2. dual;
synonyms (adj) double, duplex, doubled, bivalent,
101
combined, threefold, treble, bifold, binal, common,

cooperative, double-dip, doubleheader, forked,
matched; antonym (adj) individual, 3. even
(hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal,
constant, equable, equivalent, flat, horizontal,
identical, plane, regular, steady, (v) level, balance,
smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven, inconsistent,
irregular, jagged, unequal, 4. couple; synonyms
(n) brace, yoke, duo, dyad, twosome, (v) pair,
connect, associate, combine, attach, copulate, join,
tie, link, (adj) hook; antonym (v) uncouple, 5. pair;
synonyms (n) duet, coupling, couplet, duad, team,
two, bitstock, deuce, (v) couple, equate, (adj)
doublet.
ifti farmer; synonyms (n) countryman, agriculturist,
rustic, husbandman, granger, sodbuster, yeoman,
producer, sower, woodcutter, agricultor,
agronomist, breeder, cob, feeder.
iftilik 1. farming; synonyms (n) agriculture,
cultivation, husbandry, culture, tillage, land, 2.
agriculture; synonyms (n) farming, agribusiness,
agronomy, geoponics, agriculturism, defense,
education, interior, labor, plough, state,
terraculture, agronomics, commerce, justice.
ifte double (ift); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual,
duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend,
substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single.
iftlemek couple (ift); synonyms (n) brace, yoke,
duo, dyad, (v) pair, connect, associate, combine,
attach, copulate, join, tie, link, match, (adj) hook;
antonym (v) uncouple.
iftlik farm; synonyms (n) property, grange, dairy,
estate, farmhouse, (v) cultivate, raise, grow, hire,
plant, produce, rear, rent.
i raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh,
immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing,
sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced,
naked; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked.
lk cry (alamak, barmak, feryat); synonyms
(n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay,
crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl,
moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.
ineme breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack,
crevice, fracture, gap, infringement, opening, rift,
split, trespass, (v) break, rupture, contravene,
fissure; antonym (n) observance.
inenmi broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj)
tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough,
rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete,
confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj)
constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild.
kar 1. advantage (avantaj, stnlk, yarar);

synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, profit, account,
expediency, good, lead, preponderance, virtue,
perk, boot, avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit;
antonyms (n) drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v)
102
Turkish - English
disadvantage, 2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n)

advantage, assistance, favor, interest, reward,
service, use, welfare, allowance, asset, (v) aid, assist,
help, advance, pay; antonyms (n) loss, (v) harm, 3.
interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, affair,
hobby, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, consequence,
importance, (v) engage, care, appeal, affect,
fascinate, occupy, (adj) claim; antonyms (n)
indifference, apathy, (v) bore, 4. profit; synonyms
(n) produce, earnings, increase, dividend, lucre,
proceeds, increment, income, usefulness, utility,
vantage, acquisition, (v) net, earn, merit; antonym
(v) lose.
karma 1. extraction; synonyms (n) descent,
ancestry, birth, origin, family, lineage, removal,
blood, beginning, essence, extract, genealogy, line,
parentage, stock; antonym (n) insertion, 2.
elimination (eleme); synonyms (n) cancellation,
discharge, excretion, annihilation, abolition,
deletion, ejection, eradication, evacuation,
exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge, riddance,
segregation; antonyms (n) addition, establishment,
3. omission; synonyms (n) failure, error, fault,
ellipsis, inadvertence, mistake, neglect, oversight,
flaw, default, pretermission, slip, disregard,
exception, (adj) defect; antonyms (n) inclusion,
adherence, 4. exclusion; synonyms (n)
banishment, elimination, debarment, expulsion,
ostracism, prohibition, rejection, repudiation,
barring, nonadmission, dismissal, disqualification,
excommunication, proscription, refusal; antonym
(n) entitlement, 5. emission (yayma); synonyms
(n) emanation, effusion, venting, vent, dismission.
karmak 1. derive; synonyms (v) deduce, stem,
come, deduct, draw, result, conclude, descend,
educe, elicit, evolve, extract, gain, get, infer, 2.
eliminate; synonyms (v) abolish, delete, rid,
annihilate, cancel, dispel, eradicate, extinguish,
obliterate, take, clear, destroy, discard, dismiss,
erase, 3. remove (kaldrmak); synonyms (v) oust,
pull, eject, expel, discharge, strip, evacuate,
dislodge, empty, eliminate, exclude, move,
transport, (n) displace, (adj) free; antonyms (v) insert,
install, place, 4. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt,
essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, passage,
(v) abstract, derive, distill, express, extort, cull,
distil, mine, 5. scratch (izik, kamak);
synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent,
abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape,
chafe, rake, grate, 6. take (almak); synonyms (v)
admit, hold, adopt, bear, carry, catch, clutch,
obtain, return, borrow, pick, acquire, (n) seize, (phr)
accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain,
add, lose.
kn pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms (n)
bundle, mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, batch,

cram, fill; antonym (v) unpack.
knt 1. prominence; synonyms (n) eminence,
hump, importance, protuberance, height, bulge,
consequence, distinction, projection, celebrity,
fame, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity;
antonym (n) obscurity, 2. projection (izdm);
synonyms (n) jut, prominence, knob, ledge,
overhang, plan, protrusion, map, forecast, cast,
excrescence, convexity, ejection, prediction, (adj)
salient.
kntl prominent; synonyms (adj) eminent, notable,
noted, great, celebrated, distinguished, famous,
illustrious, leading, noticeable, obvious,
outstanding, salient, striking, (v) conspicuous;
antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, unknown, minor.
k 1. exit (kmak); synonyms (n) departure, door,
egress, outlet, gate, going, passage, vent, death, (v)
depart, go, leave, decease, die, escape; antonyms (n)
arrival, entry, (v) enter, 2. ascent; synonyms (n)
acclivity, ascension, rise, climb, ascending,
elevation, hill, incline, advance, grade, jump, slant,
gradient, hike, inclination; antonyms (n) descent,
fall, 3. output (kt); synonyms (n) crop, harvest,
turnout, yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v)
outcome, 4. outgoing (giden); synonyms (adj)
friendly, expansive, forthcoming, gregarious,
demonstrative, extrovert, companionable, open,
sociable, extroverted, extrovertish; antonyms (adj)
inward, next, reserved, incoming, introverted, 5.
outlet; synonyms (n) shop, market, exit, opening,
store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, aperture,
emission, gap, release, grip, 6. issue (sorun);
synonyms (n) aftermath, consequence, effect, event,
progeny, result, conclusion, (v) flow, emanate, arise,
emerge, discharge, gush, circulate, debouch, 7.
start (balamak, balang, balatmak);

launch, embark, spring, activate, flinch, (n) onset,
origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn;
antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, 8.
starting; synonyms (n) start, first, outset, kickoff,
source, advantage, offset, (adj) initial, incipient,
original, introductory, preliminary, early,
preparatory, (prep) from.
kma 1. outbreak; synonyms (n) epidemic, eruption,
explosion, burst, onset, outburst, mutiny, attack,
flood, rash, rebellion, revolt, spate, spell, storm, 2.
exit (k, kmak); synonyms (n) departure,
door, egress, outlet, gate, going, passage, vent,
death, (v) depart, go, leave, decease, die, escape;
antonyms (n) arrival, entry, (v) enter.
kmak 1. exit (k); synonyms (n) departure, door,
egress, outlet, gate, going, passage, vent, death, (v)
depart, go, leave, decease, die, escape; antonyms (n)
arrival, entry, (v) enter, 2. climb (trmanmak);
synonyms (v) ascend, arise, clamber, escalate,
Turkish - English
increase, scale, scramble, (n) rise, mount, ascent,
acclivity, advance, ascending, jump, ascension;
antonyms (v) descend, drop, 3. rise (ykselmek);
synonyms (n) elevation, lift, progress, raise, swell,
raising, advancement, improvement, incline, slope,
(v) climb, heave, grow, originate, rear; antonyms (n)
reduction, (v) fall, decrease, sink, plummet, retire,
4. prove; synonyms (v) demonstrate, attest,
confirm, manifest, establish, evidence, examine,
show, approve, assert, authenticate, check,
corroborate, essay, evince; antonym (v) disprove, 5.
stem (sap); synonyms (n) root, bow, branch,
shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, base, (v)
block, arrest, halt, issue, proceed, 6. spring
(bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) leap, bound,
fountain, skip, source, dance, jet, cause, font, (v)
hop, caper, bounce, dive, recoil, (adj) elastic.
kmaz dilemma (ikilem); synonyms (n) quandary,
corner, fix, jam, mess, predicament, problem, crisis,
difficulty, plight, doubt, scrape, riddle, (adj)
embarrassment, perplexity.
ikolata chocolate; synonyms (n) brown, bonbon,
cocoa, coffee, candy, sweet, (adj) brunette, tan,
auburn, bay, castaneous, chestnut, cinnamon,
dapple, (v) tea.
kt output; synonyms (n) crop, harvest, turnout,
yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v) outcome.
ile 1. ordeal; synonyms (n) trial, experience,
suffering, affliction, martyrdom, misery, test,
tribulation, trouble, anxiety, assay, care, distress,
hell, nightmare, 2. trial (deneme); synonyms (n)
examination, experiment, essay, hardship, hearing,
adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, effort,
endeavor, proof, misfortune, sorrow, (adj)
experimental, 3. suffering; synonyms (v) pain, (n)
agony, anguish, hurt, grief, ordeal, torment,
torture, ill, injury, sufferance, damage, passion,
endurance, (adj) miserable; antonym (n) content.
lgn 1. mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied,
demented, foolish, insane, delirious, angry, crazy,
distracted, frenetic, lunatic, wild, irate, (n) furious,
anger; antonyms (adj) sane, calm, sensible, 2. crazy
(deli); synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap,
absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, eccentric,
ludicrous, preposterous, silly, wacky, balmy,
bonkers, outrageous.
lgnlk madness; synonyms (n) frenzy, furor,
insanity, lunacy, delirium, folly, idiocy, insaneness,
aberration, anger, craziness, (adj) fury, rage,
desperation, furore; antonyms (n) sanity, sense.
im 1. grass (imen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis,
forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb,
green, hemp, 2. lawn; synonyms (n) grass,
grassplot, field, park, meadow, grassplat, plot,
backyard, esplanade, mead, pasturage, heather,
neighborhood, plat, terrace.
103
imen grass (ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage,

marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb,
green, hemp.
imenlik lawn; synonyms (n) grass, grassplot, field,
green, park, meadow, grassplat, plot, backyard,
esplanade, mead, pasturage, heather,
neighborhood, plat.
imento cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum,
paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster,
stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete.
imentolamak cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive,
gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join,
plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete.
nar plane (planya, uak); synonyms (n) airplane,
face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v)
flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal,
smooth, flush.
nlamak 1. sing (tmek); synonyms (v) chant,
hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize,
carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n)
squeak, 2. ring (halka, yzk); synonyms (n)
encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit,
annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound,
reverberate, gird.
nlatmak ring (halka, yzk); synonyms (n)
encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit,
annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound,
reverberate, gird.
plak 1. naked; synonyms (adj) bald, bare, exposed,
nude, open, barren, bleak, raw, unclothed,
defenseless, defenceless, undraped, alone,
denuded, destitute; antonyms (adj) covered,
concealed, 2. bare; synonyms (adj) naked, austere,
stark, desolate, devoid, mere, plain, vacant,
vacuous, (v) empty, show, disclose, denude, expose,
reveal; antonyms (adj) cultivated, ornate, (v) cover.
iri 1. cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum,
stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete, 2. size
(boyut, byklk); synonyms (n) measure, bulk,
capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness,
quantity, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude,
mass, measurement, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length,
slenderness.
irilemek size (boyut, byklk); synonyms (n)
measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions,
extent, largeness, quantity, glue, amount, breadth,
degree, magnitude, mass, (v) gauge; antonyms (n)
length, slenderness.
irkin 1. ugly; synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable,
forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely,
repulsive, surly, evil, offensive, atrocious,
deformed, despicable, grotesque; antonyms (adj)
beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing,
ornamental, 2. unpleasant; synonyms (adj) harsh,
obnoxious, ugly, sour, awkward, bad, hard, rude,
104
Turkish - English
abhorrent, bitter, horrible, objectionable, odious,

painful, (n) difficult; antonyms (adj) pleasant,
agreeable, delightful, comfortable, enjoyable, nice,
wonderful, charming.
rpmak beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate,
throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n)
pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v)
lose.
i urine; synonyms (n) piss, pee, water, piddle,
emiction, lanterloo, netting, peeing, pissing,
weewee.
it 1. fence; synonyms (n) enclosure, barrier, hurdle,
pale, bar, boundary, barricade, fencing, (v) hedge,
wall, contend, enclose, parry, quibble, evade, 2.
enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, enclosing,
pen, addition, sty, case, envelopment, inclosure,
insert, railing, ring, supplement, chamber, 3.
barrier (engel); synonyms (n) bulwark, dam,
handicap, obstruction, rampart, restraint, block,
fence, hindrance, impediment, obstacle, partition,
snag, barrage, guard, 4. hedge; synonyms (n)
hedging, bush, hedgerow, screen, (v) dodge, fudge,
elude, skirt, avoid, circumvent, duck, equivocate,
border, prevaricate, protect.
tlatmak hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) clue,
intimation, suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling,
implication, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude,
imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone.
izelge 1. table (masa, tablo); synonyms (n) board,
chart, schedule, stand, list, plateau, console, platen,
panel, (v) defer, postpone, shelve, slate, tablet, (adj)
plate, 2. chart (grafik); synonyms (n) plan, plot,
table, graphic, diagram, drawing, schematic, figure,
illustration, (v) map, graph, sketch, design, draw,
outline, 3. schedule; synonyms (n) agenda,
catalog, program, calendar, catalogue, inventory,
roll, index, docket, fare, arrangement, record, (v)
register, book, arrange.
izenek diagram (diyagram); synonyms (n) design,
chart, sketch, figure, graph, drawing, illustration,
outline, picture, plat, (adj) plan, (v) plot.
izge graph (grafik); synonyms (n) figure, diagram,
plan, drawing, illustration, map, table, (v) chart.
izgi 1. line (hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house,
breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry,
border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order, 2.
score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line,
groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut,
tally, achieve, dash, 3. mark; synonyms (n) brand,
evidence, score, character, heed, impression,
imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize,
distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 4. bar (bar,
ubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, pub,
snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest,
balk, dam, foreclose, confine; antonyms (v) permit,
allow, 5. stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n)
touch, beat, caress, hit, apoplexy, attack, bang,
impact, knock, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, move, pat,

(adj) blow.
izgisel linear (dorusal); synonyms (adj) lineal,

rectilinear, running, additive, analog, analogue,
ancestral, elongate, family, patriarchal, direct,
straight, delineated, elongated, functional.
izik scratch (kamak); synonyms (n) score, mark,
nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze,
notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate.
izim 1. drawing; synonyms (n) draft, drafting,
delineation, picture, plan, cartoon, depiction,
draftsmanship, draught, draw, painting, chart,
design, figure, illustration, 2. chart (grafik);
synonyms (n) plot, table, graphic, diagram,
drawing, schematic, schedule, scheme, (v) map,
graph, sketch, list, outline.
izme boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge,
gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill.
izmek 1. draw (ekmek); synonyms (v) attract,
drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe,
design, tie, bring, charm, haul, (n) allure, attraction,
draft; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. scratch (izik,
kamak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick,
scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze,
notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate, 3. describe
(betimlemek); synonyms (v) define, outline,
report, represent, state, draw, relate, qualify,
characterize, designate, explain, name, narrate,
recite, recount, 4. mark; synonyms (n) brand,
evidence, character, heed, impression, imprint,
sign, feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, distinguish,
grade, label, (adj) notice, 5. plot (arsa); synonyms
(n) conspiracy, plan, lot, scheme, chart, graph,
patch, action, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat, conspire,
contrive, concoct, engineer, 6. trace (iz, izlemek);
synonyms (n) line, shadow, spot, clue, dash, hint,
indication, shade, suggestion, touch, trail, bit, (v)
track, hunt, pursue.
oban shepherd; synonyms (n) pastor, clergyman,
minister, sheepherder, sheepman, priest, presbyter,
churchman, divine, ecclesiastic, (v) conduct, guide,
lead, guard, cowherd.
obanpskl holly; synonym (adv) wholly.
ocuk 1. child; synonyms (n) baby, boy, babe, bairn,
brat, girl, infant, juvenile, kid, minor, toddler, tot,
youngster, innocent, imp; antonym (n) adult, 2.
infant (bebek); synonyms (n) child, nursling, (adj)
young, 3. youngster (delikanl); synonyms (n)
lad, urchin, adolescent, youth, nipper, shaver, teen,
teenager, lass, 4. kid; synonyms (n) kidskin,
offspring, tike, tyke, (v) joke, jest, banter, chaff,
mock, fool, jolly, dupe, rag, taunt, tease.
ocuklar issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath,
egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny,
result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release,
discharge, gush.
Turkish - English
ocukluk childhood; synonyms (n) babyhood,
boyhood, immaturity, infancy, puerility, youth,
youthhood, age, education, background,
childishness, juniority, (adj) ancient, infant, juvenile;
antonym (n) adulthood.
oalma 1. accession; synonyms (n) addition,
acceptance, augmentation, increase, access,
accretion, acquisition, agreement, arrival, assent,
coming, entrance, increment, 2. increase
(artrmak, art); synonyms (n) gain, boom,
expansion, extension, growth, progress, (v)
advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand,
enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n)
reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce,
diminish, drop, deteriorate.
oalmak increase (artrmak, art); synonyms (n)
deteriorate.
oaltma reproduction; synonyms (n) replica,
propagation, duplicate, breeding, copy, generation,
copying, facsimile, procreation, replication,
reappearance, image, duplication, (adj) fake,
imitation; antonym (adj) genuine.
oaltmak increase (artrmak, art); synonyms (n)
deteriorate.
ou most; synonyms (adv) nearly, greatly, nigh,
virtually, (adj) almost, about, best, utmost, indeed,
much, near, very, well, (n) majority, maximum;
antonym (adv) least.
ounluk majority; synonyms (n) bulk, age, plurality,
body, mass, maturity, preponderance, adolescence;
antonym (n) minority.
ounlukla 1. usually (genellikle); synonyms (adv)
generally, commonly, mostly, normally, ordinarily,
frequently, customarily, habitually, regularly,
broadly, readily, unremarkably; antonyms (adv)
unusually, rarely, exceptionally, 2. mostly;
synonyms (adv) largely, chiefly, mainly, primarily,
principally, especially, roughly, predominantly,
usually, overall.
ok 1. very (pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely,
identical, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally,
slightly, somewhat, 2. much; synonyms (adv)
frequently, almost, considerably, far, often, pretty,
nearly, (n) lot, heap, multitude, plenty, (adj) great,
considerable, practically, muckle, 3. many;
105
synonyms (adj) manifold, abundant, countless,

frequent, various, innumerable, multiple,
numerous, plentiful, several, different, numberless,
(n) number; antonym (n) few, 4. multiple (kat);
synonyms (adj) many, complex, diverse, populous,
compound, multiplex, multiplied, multitudinous,
(n) coefficient; antonym (adj) simple, 5. highly;
synonyms (adv) exceedingly, very, right,
significantly, terribly, 6. too (dahi, de); synonyms
(adv) also, likewise, besides, excessively, over,
overly, further, furthermore, moreover, equally,
and, unduly, similarly, 7. numerous; synonyms
(adj) copious, myriad, rife, common, incalculable,
thick, 8. badly; synonyms (adv) bad, poorly,
desperately, evil, ill, seriously, severely,
imperfectly, unkindly, amiss, grievously, hard,
improperly, wrong, (adj) gravely; antonyms (adv)
well, skillfully, flawlessly, giftedly, obediently,
perfectly, 9. deadly; synonyms (adj) baneful,
deathly, destructive, fatal, lethal, mortal,
pernicious, toxic, virulent, noxious, pestilent,
poisonous, baleful, boring, (v) dead; antonym (adj)
harmless, 10. more (daha); synonyms (adv)
beyond, (adj) additional, better, extra, larger,
exceed, greater, other, (pron) another, (prep) above;
antonyms (adv) fewer, less, (adj) inferior, 11. good
(iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious,
efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior,
advantageous, agreeable, desirable, (n) benign,
advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor,
wicked, unpleasant, 12. abundant (bol);
synonyms (adj) generous, lush, luxuriant, affluent,
ample, fertile, fruitful, liberal, prolific, rich,
substantial, teeming, abounding, bountiful,
enough; antonyms (adj) scarce, sparse, meager, 13.
large (byk, geni); synonyms (adj) big,
extensive, broad, bulky, handsome, high, heavy,
capacious, gross, hefty, huge, important, roomy,
stout, fat; antonyms (adj) small, cramped,
insignificant, 14. greatly; synonyms (adv) badly,
enormously, exceptionally, dearly, abundantly,
intensely, mightily, hugely, immensely, infinitely,
profoundly, substantially, tremendously, vastly,
(adj) deeply, 15. vast; synonyms (adj) immense,
large, spacious, boundless, colossal, enormous,
gigantic, immeasurable, wide, unlimited,
gargantuan, giant, infinite, massive, monumental;
antonyms (adj) limited, narrow, tiny, 16. well (iyi);
synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly, fully, good,
correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n)
fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms
(adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous, 17. so (byle);
synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently,
hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore, insomuch,
wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, 18. such (byle);
synonyms (adv) what, (adj) like, sic, sich, slik, swich,
resembling.
106
Turkish - English
kelti sediment; synonyms (n) deposit, deposition,

lees, dregs, grounds, substance, filth, refuse,
residue, settling.
oklu multiple (kat); synonyms (adj) manifold, many,
complex, diverse, populous, compound, multiplex,
multiplied, multitudinous, various, (n) coefficient;
antonym (adj) simple.
okluk abundance (bereket, bolluk); synonyms (n)
insufficiency, lack, shortage.
kme 1. breakdown (bozulma); synonyms (n)
collapse, fault, analysis, failure, ruin, defeat,
downfall, fall, resolution, decay, smash, breakup,
debacle, decomposition, (adj) fiasco, 2. crash;
synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank, clatter, impact,
slam, wreck, (v) bang, break, clang, crack, dash,
plunge, ram, thunder, 3. collapse; synonyms (n)
crash, breakdown, subsidence, bust, demise, (v)
slump, buckle, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst,
deflate, disintegrate, drop.
kmek 1. founder; synonyms (n) laminitis,
patriarch, author, beginner, creator, father,
inventor, originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop,
collapse, crumple, break, 2. fall (dmek,
sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease,
descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, alight, (n)
drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch, cascade;
antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph,
win, (n) ascent, 3. collapse; synonyms (n) crash,
breakdown, fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, defeat,
demise, (v) slump, buckle, crack, crumble, faint,
burst, deflate.
knt depression (bunalm); synonyms (n) basin,
cavity, dejection, decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow,
impression, slump, trench, trough, drop, recess,
collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, happiness,
boom, elation, encouragement, inflation, outcrop.
k 1. fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)
decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain,
diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent,
downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase,
ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. decline;
synonyms (n) decay, declension, declination,
deterioration, diminution, (v) wane, reject, fall,
abate, ebb, fail, refuse, deny, deteriorate, (adj) fade;
antonyms (n) improvement, recovery,
development, growth, rebirth, (v) accept, flourish,
improve, 3. collapse; synonyms (n) crash,
breakdown, subsidence, bust, debacle, defeat, (v)
break, slump, buckle, crack, crumble, crumple,
faint, flop, burst.
l 1. desert; synonyms (n) wilderness, (v) abandon,
escape, defect, ditch, forsake, leave, relinquish,
abscond, (adj) waste, barren, desolate, merit, wild,
worth; antonyms (n) bog, (v) stay, 2. wilderness;

synonyms (n) desert, wasteland, solitude, wildness.
mlekilik pottery; synonyms (n) ceramic, clay,
stoneware, clayware, terracotta, chinaware,
container, (adj) earthenware.
p 1. litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding, stretcher,
garbage, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste,
issue, (v) clutter, (adj) jumble, disarray, huddle, 2.
waste; synonyms (n) desert, damage, dissipation,
dissipate, languish; antonyms (v) conserve, save, 3.
rubbish; synonyms (n) litter, nonsense, offal,
debris, drivel, hogwash, trumpery, dirt, falderal,
absurdity, folderol, rubble, balderdash, bull, (adj)
bosh; antonym (n) sense.
orba soup; synonyms (n) broth, predicament,
amalgam, combination, compound, explosive, fog,
fuel, haze, (v) pottage, potage, drink, liquor,
beverage, (adj) emulsion.
rek biscuit; synonyms (n) cookie, cooky, beige,
head, tan, slug, spray, (adj) glamorous.
zelti solution (zm, eriyik); synonyms (n)
determination, explanation, key, result, remedy,
definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply.
zmek 1. resolve; synonyms (v) determine, decide,
solve, conclude, decompose, dissolve, settle, end,
(n) purpose, determination, decision, firmness,
resolution, answer, analyze; antonyms (n)
indecision, weakness, 2. solve; synonyms (v)
resolve, interpret, decipher, crack, elucidate,
explain, riddle, loosen, figure, guess, clarify,
remedy, cipher, disentangle, (adj) loose.
zm 1. solution (zelti, eriyik); synonyms (n)
definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply, 2.
recipe; synonyms (n) receipt, method, formula,
prescription, secret, nostrum, means,
amalgamation, basis, batter, blend, capacity,
convention, design, dish, 3. resolution; synonyms
(n) decision, conclusion, firmness, purpose,
solution, decomposition, analysis, constancy,
fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness, dissection,
ruling, judgment, conversion; antonym (n)
indecisiveness.
zmleme analysis (analiz); synonyms (n)
synthesis.
zmlemek analyse (analiz etmek); synonyms (v)
analyze, canvass, dissect, examine, study,
psychoanalyse, psychoanalyze, canvas, collapse,
Turkish - English
contemplate, crumble, crumple, crush, die, (n)
analyser.
zmlemeli analytical (analitik); synonyms (adj)
analytic, critical, curious, inquisitive, logical,
methodical, rational, systematic; antonym (adj)
illogical.
zmsel analytical (analitik); synonyms (adj)
analytic, critical, curious, inquisitive, logical,
methodical, rational, systematic; antonym (adj)
illogical.
znme solution (zelti, zm, eriyik);

synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer,
settlement, resolve, determination, explanation,
key, result, remedy, definition, resolving,
clarification, liquid, reply.
znrlk resolution; synonyms (n) decision,
determination, answer, conclusion, firmness,
purpose, resolve, solution, decomposition, analysis,
constancy, dissolution, fortitude, perseverance,
resoluteness; antonym (n) indecisiveness.
ubuk 1. bar (bar); synonyms (n) barricade, band,
stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude,
permit, allow, 2. switch (anahtar); synonyms (n)
cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v)
exchange, change, shift, substitute, convert, swap,
flip, interchange, move, replace, 3. strip;
synonyms (n) slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel,
plunder, rifle, denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare,
sack, bare, bereave; antonyms (v) dress, decorate, 4.
pipe (boru, pipo); synonyms (n) tube, conduit,
peep, screech, shriek, sing, squeak, creak.
ukur 1. pit; synonyms (n) cavity, dent, hole,
depression, grave, colliery, excavation, mine, stone,
dig, (v) den, ditch, oppose, cave, (adj) hollow, 2.
hole (delik); synonyms (n) aperture, crack, pocket,
breach, break, burrow, corner, fix, lair, pit, vent,
cavern, cranny, cell, (adj) gap, 3. trench; synonyms
(n) channel, drain, furrow, cut, dike, groove, gutter,
dugout, foxhole, sewer, deep, trough, (v) encroach,
excavate, infringe.
nk 1. for (iin); synonyms (prep) because, behind,
by, per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering,
since, (adv) against, as, therefore, hence, 2. as (gibi,
Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, while, whilst, (prep)
like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic.
rk rotten; synonyms (adj) bad, foul, poor, fetid,
lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt,
crappy, decomposed, (v) decayed, rancid; antonym
(adj) fresh.
rme decay; synonyms (n) decline, decomposition,
ebb, corruption, disintegration, collapse,
deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust,
crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate; antonym
(n) growth.
107
rmek decay; synonyms (n) decline,

antonym (n) growth.
rtmek 1. eat (yemek); synonyms (v) devour,
digest, 2. decay; synonyms (n) decline,
antonym (n) growth.
uval 1. bag (anta, torba); synonyms (n) pocket,
pouch, package, briefcase, purse, sack, case,
container, knapsack, (v) bulge, capture, catch, filch,
hook, net, 2. sack (torba); synonyms (n) sac, poke,
rape, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss,
despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym
(v) hire.
D
da 1. also (de); synonyms (adv) too, likewise,
moreover, more, besides, withal, again, equally,
further, item, similarly, so, (conj) and, furthermore,
2. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, excessively,
over, overly, extremely, unduly.
dad nurse (hemire); synonyms (n) nurture, doctor,
amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain, foster,
harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, keep, raise,
breastfeed.
da 1. mountain; synonyms (n) mount, heap, height,
mass, peak, pile, stack, bundle, elevation, (v)
mound, (adj) lead, millstone; antonym (n) dip, 2.
mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board,
arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride,
scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v)
descend, drop, (n) valley.
dalm distribution (datm); synonyms (n)
diffusion, dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment,
apportionment, arrangement, dispersion,
disposition, assignment, dispersal, disposal,
division, (v) dissemination, dissipation; antonym (n)
concentration.
dalma 1. distribution (datm); synonyms (n)
diffusion, dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment,
concentration, 2. dissolution; synonyms (n) decay,
breakup, decomposition, abolition, cancellation,
analysis, dismissal, annulment, death, demise,
licentiousness, resolution, 3. spread (yaymak);
synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand,
108
Turkish - English
extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate,

increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n)
span; antonym (adj) concentrated.
dank loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute,
dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged.
datm distribution; synonyms (n) diffusion,
dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment,
concentration.
datmak 1. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter,
reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast,
concentrated, 2. issue (sorun); synonyms (n)
aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit,
progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge,
release, discharge, gush.
dalamak brand; synonyms (n) badge, blade, class,
kind, stain, type, emblem, falchion, make, nature,
slur, (v) mark, denounce, (adj) stigma, blot.
daha 1. more; synonyms (adv) also, further, besides,
beyond, over, (adj) additional, better, extra, larger,
exceed, greater, other, (pron) another, (prep) above;
antonyms (adv) fewer, less, (adj) inferior, 2. yet
(henz); synonyms (adv) however, but,
notwithstanding, even, nonetheless, though,
hitherto, eventually, unless, always, if, more, (conj)
nevertheless, (n) already, (v) still, 3. else (baka);
synonyms (adv) moreover, (n) threat, (adj) new, fresh,
4. still; synonyms (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful,
silence, quiescent, serene, silent, appease, (n) hush,
(v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull, soothe, allay;
antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy,
(n) noisy.
dahi 1. too (de); synonyms (adv) also, likewise,
besides, excessively, over, overly, further,
furthermore, moreover, extremely, equally, and,
unduly, similarly, 2. also (da, de); synonyms (adv)
too, more, withal, again, item, so, 3. genius;
synonyms (n) capacity, ability, flair, faculty, brain,
gift, prodigy, bent, aptitude, brilliance, (adj)
endowment, cleverness, ingenuity, talent, turn;
antonym (n) stupidity.
dahil 1. included; synonyms (adj) numbered,
confined, inclosed, integrated, (adv) under, 2.
including; synonyms (prep) plus, (v) included, (conj)
and, (adv) also, (adj) counting; antonyms (prep)
excluding, without.
dahili 1. internal (i); synonyms (adj) interior,
domestic, inner, inside, home, intimate, inward,
national, inherent, intrinsic, intestine, innermost,
entrails, familiar, inland; antonyms (adj) external,

foreign, 2. indoor; synonym (v) intramural;
antonym (adj) outside, 3. inner (i); synonyms (adj)
internal, central, mental, middle; antonym (adj)
outer.
daima 1. always (hep, her zaman); synonyms (adv)
forever, continuously, whenever, eternally, ever,
unceasingly, consistently, constantly, continually,
e'er, everlastingly, evermore, hourly, (adj) still,
eternal; antonyms (adv) never, erratically, 2.
forever; synonyms (adv) always, interminably,
ceaselessly, permanently, (n) eternity, (adj)
permanent; antonym (adv) temporarily, 3. ever;
synonym (adv) perpetually.
daimi 1. standing; synonyms (v) stand, (n) rank,
fame, importance, position, prestige, place,
reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect,
motionless, continuance, permanent, 2.
permanent (kalc); synonyms (adj) durable,
lasting, fixed, eternal, everlasting, fast, perennial,
enduring, immutable, indelible, abiding, continual,
continuing, (v) constant, continuous; antonyms (adj)
fleeting, temporary, brief, impermanent,
provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 3.
steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, resolute,
stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, consistent,
certain, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace;
antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly,
intermittent, unreliable.
dair about (hakknda, hemen hemen); synonyms
(prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa,
concerning, (adv) around, approximately, almost,
nearly, most, roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near;
antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely.
daire 1. circle; synonyms (n) round, association, band,
compass, ring, field, range, beat, circuit, company,
gang, scope, (v) turn, whirl, encircle, 2.
department (blm); synonyms (n) bureau,
compartment, area, agency, class, faculty, section,
arm, branch, division, domain, line, office, part,
realm, 3. circuit (evrim, devre); synonyms (n)
excursion, cycle, district, loop, perimeter,
periphery, route, ambit, boundary, circumference,
course, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey, 4. bureau
(bro); synonyms (n) authority, chest, department,
desk, dresser, box, 5. round (Yuvarlak);
synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump,
entire, chubby, complete, fat, rotund, (n) bout, orbit,
patrol, rung, sequence, (v) gird; antonyms (adj) slim,
sharp, 6. verge (kenar); synonyms (n) brink, limit,
margin, rim, bound, brim, confine, side, skirt,
threshold, fringe, edging, (v) border, edge, bend, 7.
ring (halka, yzk); synonyms (n) jingle,
annulus, arena, clique, hoop, mob, (v) call, peal,
echo, resound, reverberate, buzz, ding, knell,
surround.
Turkish - English
dairesel circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular,
circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund, rounded,
spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill,
brochure, publication, bulletin, flier; antonym (adj)
square.
dakik exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise,
actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, (v)
accurate, close, demand, require, claim, command,
ask, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate,
imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact.
dakika 1. minute; synonyms (n) instant, flash, jiffy,
note, memorandum, moment, second, (adj) little,
delicate, microscopic, atomic, careful,
circumstantial, diminutive, elaborate; antonyms
(adj) enormous, huge, big, gigantic, 2. instant (an);
synonyms (adj) immediate, present, exigent,
prompt, clamant, crying, current, imperative,
insistent, instantaneous, (n) minute, point, tick, (v)
pressing, urgent; antonyms (adj) gradual, longterm.
dal 1. branch (dallanmak, ube); synonyms (n)
arm, jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, member,
division, limb, offshoot, outgrowth, section, shoot,
(v) fork, diverge, divide, 2. arm (kol); synonyms
(n) branch, bay, department, might, power, sleeve,
weapon, endow, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide;
antonym (v) disarm.
dala scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl,
remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, junk, piece,
remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment;
antonym (v) keep.
dalavere trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit,
deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v)
swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead,
beguile.
dalga 1. wave; synonyms (n) billow, gesture, motion,
sign, surge, (v) brandish, flap, flutter, curl, flourish,
swell, swing, undulate, beat, beckon, 2. sea
(deniz); synonyms (n) ocean, water, waves, (adj)
marine, maritime, array, nautical, seagoing, army.
dalgakran mole (kstebek); synonyms (n)
breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol,
spy, blemish, counterspy, groin, growth, (adj)
mound, barrow, hillock, (v) embankment.
dalgalanma 1. surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst,
ripple, spurt, (v) billow, flood, rise, rush, stream,
flow, gush, heave, jet, swell, soar, 2. roll
(yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution,
catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl,
enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow.
dalgalanmak 1. surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst,
ripple, spurt, (v) billow, flood, rise, rush, stream,
flow, gush, heave, jet, swell, soar, 2. stream
(akm); synonyms (n) brook, river, run, streak,
torrent, beam, (v) crowd, pour, swarm, runnel,
109
creek, deluge, surge, (prep) current, course; antonym

(v) trickle.
dalgal rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard,
harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse,
jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n)
boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth,
polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated,
even, exact, glossy, pleasant.
dalgn 1. lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing,
abandoned, (adj) doomed, forlorn, extinct, hopeless,
bewildered, disoriented, forgotten, helpless,
broken, confused, irrecoverable, absent; antonyms
(adj) present, found, existing, 2. absent (yok);
synonyms (adj) off, wanting, inattentive,
absentminded, abstracted, faraway, lost,
nonexistent, out, preoccupied, (adv) away, 3.
vacant (bo); synonyms (adj) empty, blank,
hollow, bare, devoid, free, idle, unfilled,
unoccupied, void, expressionless, deserted, open,
vacuous, inane; antonyms (adj) full, occupied.
dalgnlk absence (yokluk); synonyms (n)
absenteeism, dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want,
dallanmak branch (dal, ube); synonyms (n) arm,
jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, member, division,
limb, offshoot, outgrowth, section, shoot, (v) fork,
diverge, divide.
dam 1. roof; synonyms (n) crown, ceiling, housing,
dome, shelter, back, house, (v) top, cover, 2. queen
(kralie); synonyms (n) empress, king, lady,
sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy,
queer, ace, ruler.
damal checked; synonyms (adj) checkered,
chequered, plaid, backward, curbed, intermittent,
limited, numbered, pent-up, safe, silent, tartan,
temperate.
damar 1. vein; synonyms (n) streak, vena, nervure,
strain, mine, temper, stripe, tone, cast, style, fund,
funicle, (adj) humor, mood, strip, 2. nerve (sinir);
synonyms (n) audacity, cheek, impertinence,
boldness, brass, courage, daring, face, fortitude,
heart, impudence, mettle, prowess, assurance,
backbone; antonym (n) cowardice, 3. vessel;
synonyms (n) ship, boat, container, craft, duct, jar,
vas, bowl, canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube,
watercraft, bottle.
damga 1. stamp (posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n)
mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v)
imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch,
characterize, shape, note, 2. seal; synonyms (n)
stamp, hallmark, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut,
stop, clinch, lock, cement, fasten, settle, (adj)
conclude, fix; antonyms (v) open, unseal, 3. mark;
synonyms (n) evidence, score, character, heed, sign,
feature, badge, check, indication, (v) blemish,
distinguish, grade, label, differentiate, (adj) notice,
110
Turkish - English
4. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind,

nature, part, quality, role, type, constitution,
description, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone,
standing, atmosphere, attitude, 5. impress;
synonyms (v) affect, move, inscribe, instill, touch,
emboss, dent, inculcate, strike, amaze, dazzle,
engrave, (n) press, characteristic, impressment, 6.
marker; synonyms (n) token, pointer, signpost, tag,
buoy, pen, ticket.
damgalamak 1. seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark,
stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression,
signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock,
(adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal, 2. stamp
(damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal,
brand, emblem, die, earmark, form, (v) print, cast,
impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note,
emboss, 3. brand; synonyms (n) badge, blade,
class, kind, stain, type, falchion, make, nature, slur,
sort, sword, (v) denounce, (adj) stigma, blot.
damla drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit,
dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss,
drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v)
rise, increase, lift, (n) growth.
damlamak drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit,
dana calf; synonyms (n) calfskin, sura, colt, foal,
kitten, pup, shorthorn, kid, cow, doodle, dullard,
foetus, loon, lout, lown.
danma 1. information (bilgi, enformasyon);
synonyms (n) advice, communication, data,
evidence, note, enlightenment, report, tidings,
complaint, counsel, info, instruction, intelligence,
material, warning, 2. counsel (avukat, t,
t vermek); synonyms (n) caution, advocate,
advisement, admonition, attorney, consultation,
counselor, exhortation, guidance, recommendation,
(v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, 3.
consultation; synonyms (n) conference, interview,
negotiation, discussion, talk, audience, council,
deliberation, meeting, reference, appointment.
danmak consult; synonyms (v) confer, consider,
negotiate, advise, deliberate, refer, discuss, reason,
canvass, confab, confabulate, (n) talk.
danman 1. adviser; synonyms (n) advisor,
consultant, counselor, counsel, guide, prompter,
teacher, agent, assistant, confidante, dealer,
dictator, herald, informer, instructor, 2.
supervisor (deneti); synonyms (n)
superintendent, director, overseer, boss, chief,
manager, foreman, administrator, controller,
examiner, executive, head, inspector, superior,
keeper.
dans dance (dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing,
party, (v) bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, play,
jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle, prance.
dantel lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon,

(v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, bind, rope, tie,
knot, tat, knit, (adj) string.
dantela lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net,
galloon, (v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, bind,
rope, tie, knot, tat, knit, (adj) string.
dar 1. narrow; synonyms (adj) close, limited, insular,
little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined,
contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge,
dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad,
comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend, 2.
acute; synonyms (adj) sharp, incisive, intense, keen,
penetrating, critical, piercing, severe, shrewd,
shrill, smart, strong, acrid, acuate, (v) high;
antonyms (adj) dull, obtuse, 3. restricted;
synonyms (v) qualified, (adj) narrow, constrained,
exclusive, local, controlled, finite, prohibited,
classified, secret, bounded, circumscribed, private,
reserved, tight; antonyms (adj) unrestricted, farreaching, free, liberated, unimpeded, unlimited,
open.
daralmak narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close,
limited, insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v)
confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink,
abridge, dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad,
comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend.
Daralt collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall,
subsidence, bust, debacle, (v) break, slump, buckle,
crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst.
daraltmak 1. narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close,
limited, insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v)
confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink,
abridge, dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad,
comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend, 2.
collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall,
crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst, 3.
contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, agree,
agreement, arrangement, (v) covenant, bargain,
concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress,
wrinkle, abbreviate, (adj) shorten; antonyms (v)
expand, stretch.
darbe 1. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike,
attain, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n)
knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat,
collision; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 2. stroke
(inme, vuru); synonyms (n) caress, hit, mark,
apoplexy, attack, impact, line, streak, cut, (v) buffet,
lick, fondle, move, pat, smite, 3. beat; synonyms
(v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip,
bat, baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round,
cadence; antonym (v) lose, 4. knock; synonyms (v)
cuff, punch, boot, clip, condemn, criticize, knap,
smack, (n) rap, tap, crash, whack, clap, clout,
criticism; antonym (v) praise, 5. blow (flemek);
synonyms (n) blast, shock, wallop, gust, jolt, (v)
puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, slap, squander,
Turkish - English
stroke, waft, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save, 6.
shock (ok); synonyms (n) daze, outrage, surprise,
concussion, fright, (v) jar, offend, revolt, startle,
appall, clash, disgust, dismay, frighten, horrify;
antonym (v) comfort.
darlaceze hospital (hastane); synonyms (n)
infirmary, home, institution, sanitarium, sickroom,
spital, inn, sickbay, (adj) hospitable.
Data data (veri); synonyms (n) information, facts,
details, evidence, fact, figures, file, material,
postulate, proof.
dava 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover,
jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric,
instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. action (etki,
eylem, hareket, i); synonyms (n) act,
accomplishment, activity, agency, battle, deed,
effect, engagement, fight, movement, performance,
play, behavior, case, (v) achievement; antonyms (n)
inaction, inactivity, 3. cause (neden); synonyms
(n) action, occasion, account, basis, campaign,
excuse, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse,
beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence,
4. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, petition, (v)
agree, fit, correspond, accommodate, adapt,
answer, become, match, meet, please, adjust,
satisfy, 5. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test,
examination, experiment, affliction, essay,
hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt,
difficulty, distress, effort, endeavor, (adj)
experimental.
davac plaintiff; synonyms (n) complainant, accuser,
prosecutor, pursuer, applicant, inquirer, party,
querent, appellant, defendant, pretender, (adj)
plaintive.
daval defendant; synonyms (n) accused, litigant,
party, plaintiff, prisoner, suspect, defender,
perpetrator, (adj) defensive.
davet 1. invitation; synonyms (n) call, bidding,
temptation, lure, supplication, attraction, bid,
request, entreaty, importunity, (v) invite,
solicitation, 2. call (barmak, armak, ar);
synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, summon,
howl, address, baptize, cite, dub, (n) appeal, yell,
appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss,
3. party; synonyms (n) gang, band, company,
assembly, association, crew, gathering, group,
affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction,
meeting, 4. summons; synonyms (n) citation,
invitation, process, writ, invocation, warrant,
vocation, act, charge, indictment, requisition.
davetli guest (konuk, misafir); synonyms (n)
stranger, caller, alien, customer, visitor, foreigner,
client, visitant.
davran 1. attitude (tavr, tutum); synonyms (n)
position, aspect, posture, behavior, mind, notion,
air, approach, bearing, disposition, mentality,
mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, 2. conduct;
111
synonyms (n) administration, manage, demeanor,

lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer,
carriage, acquit, carry, comport, show, accompany,
3. action (etki, eylem, hareket, i); synonyms
(n) accomplishment, activity, agency, battle, deed,
effect, engagement, fight, movement, play, case,
lawsuit, measure, (v) achievement, combat;
antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 4. behaviour;
synonyms (n) conduct, demeanour, deportment,
doings, 5. treatment (tedavi); synonyms (n) cure,
handling, management, manipulation, therapy,
medication, remedy, reception, attention, medicine,
method, usage, use, discourse, (v) treat, 6. act
(davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms
(n) action, move, statute, decree, do, feat, law, (v)
behave, go, perform, enact, feign, operate, pretend,
work; antonym (v) refrain, 7. bearing (kerteriz);
synonyms (n) appearance, attitude, direction,
manner, respect, aim, comportment, mien, pose,
presence, regard, run, way, tack, walk.
davranmak 1. act (hareket, rol yapmak);

refrain, 2. behave; synonyms (v) act, conduct, bear,
deal, deport, operate, walk, carry, comport,
demean, function, react, run, work, (n) exercise;
antonym (v) misbehave, 3. treat; synonyms (v)
handle, manage, process, heal, nurse, regale,
doctor, dress, (n) feast, administer, delicacy, luxury,
tidbit, banquet, entertainment, 4. conduct;
synonyms (n) behavior, administration, demeanor,
lead, performance, behaviour, (v) bring, direct,
carriage, bearing, show, accompany, channel,
command, convey.
davul drum; synonyms (n) barrel, cask, tympan, vat,
drumfish, (v) beat, roll, bang, knock, pound, ram,
thrum, thump, bone, cram.
dayak 1. hiding; synonyms (n) cover, covering,
concealing, concealment, beating, thrashing, rout,
ambush, coverture, abscondence, covert, defeat,
defense, hitting, (adj) cowardly; antonym (n)
victory, 2. beating; synonyms (n) reverse, beat,
whipping, battery, battering, debacle, drubbing,
hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse, throbbing,
thumping, whacking, (adj) pulsing.
dayanak 1. support (destek, desteklemek);

synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort,
brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost; antonyms
(n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine,
abandon, reject, weaken, 2. rest (dinlenme);
synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause,
recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap,
remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v)
work.
112
Turkish - English
dayankl 1. hardy; synonyms (adj) courageous,

sturdy, audacious, brave, fearless, hard, manly,
strong, gallant, robust, stout, forcible, (n) bold,
daring, rugged; antonym (adj) weak, 2. tough;
synonyms (adj) difficult, tenacious, arduous, firm,
hardy, laborious, severe, rough, bad, durable,
leathery, (n) bully, rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan;
antonyms (adj) tender, easy, flimsy, soft, feeble,
lightweight, simple, 3. substantial (nemli);
synonyms (adj) actual, solid, real, considerable,
important, palpable, significant, essential,
momentous, sound, concrete, ample, big, corporeal,
grave; antonyms (adj) insignificant, insubstantial,
small, ethereal, fine, worthless, 4. firm; synonyms
(n) company, (adj) constant, stable, close, compact,
determined, fixed, resolute, steadfast, steady,
decisive, dense, fast, rigid, (v) faithful; antonyms
(adj) irresolute, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 5. fast
(hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute, agile,
debauched, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch,
brisk, colorfast, dissipated, expeditious, express,
(adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose,
(adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 6.
substantive; synonyms (adj) meaty, material,
crucial, hearty, indispensable, satisfying, (n) noun,
substantial, name, reality, (v) substantivize, 7.
solid (kat); synonyms (adj) consistent, good,
massive, secure, heavy, potent, reliable, thick,
whole, certain, full, convincing, muscular, sober,
deep; antonyms (adj) unreliable, gaseous,
permeable, runny, transparent, watery.
dayankllk 1. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure,
bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing,
antonym (v) refresh, 2. strength (g, kuvvet);
synonyms (n) force, power, energy, firmness,
intensity, vigor, endurance, potency, stability,
health, soundness, amount, brawn, (v) might,
capacity; antonyms (n) weakness, frailty, flaw,
shortcoming, 3. resistance; synonyms (n)
opposition, friction, immunity, impedance,
obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance,
stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion,
interference, mutiny, inhibition; antonyms (n)
smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility.
dayanlmaz intolerable; synonyms (adj) insufferable,
insupportable, unbearable, painful, obnoxious,
deplorable, detestable, inexcusable; antonyms (adj)
bearable, tolerable.
dayanma solidarity; synonyms (n) community,
fellowship, cooperation, sodality, unity, body,
friendship, coherence, amity, collaboration,
companionship, company, comradeship, (adj)
solidity.
dayanma 1. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,
antonym (v) refresh, 2. resistance; synonyms (n)

opposition, endurance, friction, immunity,
impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation,
reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion,
interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness,
agreement, obedience, susceptibility, 3. tolerance
(hogr); synonyms (n) allowance, indulgence,
leniency, patience, lenience, margin,
permissiveness, consideration, kindness, leeway,
forbearance, mercy, approval, permission;
antonyms (n) intolerance, narrow-mindedness,
bigotry, chauvinism, extremism, 4. stay (kalma,
kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop,
stop, abide, continue, pause, arrest, bide, dwell,
support, (n) delay, halt, (adj) cease; antonyms (v)
leave, change, abscond, depart.
dayanmak 1. last (geen, son, srmek); synonyms
antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 2. stay (kalma,
stop, pause, arrest, bide, support, linger, (n) delay,
halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave,
change, abscond, depart, 3. bear (ay, tamak);
synonyms (v) carry, accept, acquit, stand, take,
afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook,
comport, conduct, convey, digest, 4. consist;
synonyms (v) be, belong, lie, comprise, fit, (n) agree,
5. lean; synonyms (adj) emaciated, gaunt, thin,
bony, lank, lanky, (v) incline, bend, list, slant, bow,
careen, pitch, (n) tilt, inclination; antonyms (adj) fat,
plump, 6. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n)
remnant, repose, balance, recess, relaxation,
residue, leisure, break, quiet, respite, (v) nap, sleep,
ease, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 7.
support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek);

synonyms (n) help, aid, keep, comfort,
maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, back, brace,
encourage, maintain, bear, boost, confirm,
corroborate; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose,
neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 8.
stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen,
appetite, belly, breadbasket, maw, paunch, relish,
taste, hunger, palate, (v) suffer, tolerate, go, (adj)
swallow, eat, 9. take (almak); synonyms (v)
admit, get, adopt, catch, clutch, obtain, return,
borrow, pick, acquire, appropriate, bring, capture,
(n) seize, (phr) receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse,
abstain, add, lose, 10. resist; synonyms (v) repel,
rebel, defy, revolt, balk, combat, disobey, impede,
protest, withstand, rebuff, demur, baulk, challenge,
(n) confront; antonyms (v) surrender, yield, assent,
11. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak);

synonyms (v) stall, undergo, erect, last, persist,
place, resist, rise, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base,
pedestal, position, stay; antonym (v) sit.
Turkish - English
dayatmak insist; synonyms (v) affirm, assert,
contend, claim, asseverate, declare, maintain, urge,
importune, press, argue, force, dwell, hold, persist.
dazlak bald; synonyms (adj) bare, hairless, simple,
austere, meager, threadbare, raw, barefaced, dry,
forthright, mere, naked, nude, plain, stark;
antonym (adj) hairy.
de 1. also (da); synonyms (adv) too, likewise,
2. too (dahi); synonyms (adv) also, excessively,
over, overly, extremely, unduly.
debdebe state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms
(n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show,
(v) deny, (adj) private.
dede grandfather; synonyms (n) gramps, grandad,
granddad, grandpa, grandpapa, grandsire,
granddaddy, patriarch.
dedektif detective; synonyms (n) investigator, scout,
tec, officer, spy, policeman, snoop, runner,
watchman, analyst, beagle, bull, (v) informer,
delator, eavesdropper.
dedikodu 1. gossip; synonyms (n) rumor, chitchat,
gab, chatterbox, conversation, babble, comment,
talk, blabbermouth, (v) chat, chatter, natter, tattle,
blab, chaffer; antonym (n) fact, 2. tale; synonyms
(n) story, account, narrative, fable, fib, narration,
recital, report, fiction, history, legend, lie, relation,
yarn, gossip, 3. scandal (skandal); synonyms (n)
disgrace, dishonor, outrage, discredit, infamy,
disrepute, backbiting, detraction, dirt, ignominy,
opprobrium, shame, obloquy, hearsay,
disparagement; antonym (n) honor, 4. rumour;
synonym (v) bruit.
defetmek remove (kaldrmak); synonyms (v) oust,
take, pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip,
delete, erase, evacuate, extract, abolish, get, (adj)
clear; antonyms (v) insert, install, place.
defin 1. burial; synonyms (n) interment, entombment,
sepulture, burying, funeral, inhumation, 2.
funeral; synonyms (n) burial, pyre, wake,
committal, (adj) funebrial.
defne bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess,
defter 1. notebook; synonyms (n) book, laptop, pad,
album, computer, file, machine, mainframe,
processor, supercomputer, workstation, block,
notepaper, 2. book (kitap); synonyms (n) bible,
journal, pamphlet, tome, volume, writing, text,
manuscript, (v) order, reserve, apply, inscribe, list,
record, arrest.
deer 1. merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert,
virtue, goodness, quality, significance, value,
113
dignity, distinction, due, (v) deserve, earn, rate, (adj)

excellence, 2. value; synonyms (n) merit, cost,
appraise, importance, consequence, (v) price,
appreciate, assess, esteem, evaluate, cherish,
estimate, measure, prize, rank; antonyms (n)
disadvantage, futility, uselessness, insignificance,
3. worth; synonyms (n) benefit, import, good,
substance, fortune, profit, use, wealth, worthiness,
advantage, meaning, property, superiority, (adj)
honor; antonym (n) worthlessness, 4. account
(hesap); synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning,
regard, score, tale, description, explanation,
history, narration, reason, recital, story, tab, (v)
report, 5. valuation; synonyms (n) estimation,
appraisal, evaluation, appraisement, assessment,
appreciation, rating, measurement,
admeasurement, mensuration, survey, 6. price
(eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) charge, expense,
figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, expenditure,
quotation, quote, reward, terms, (v) amount, doom.
deerleme valuation; synonyms (n) estimation,
appraisal, evaluation, estimate, appraisement,
assessment, appreciation, rating, measurement,
prize, value, worth, admeasurement, mensuration,
(v) price.
deerlendirme evaluation; synonyms (n) appraisal,
assessment, estimation, judgment, mark, rating,
review, estimate, examination, opinion, valuation,
analysis, choice, score.
deerlendirmek evaluate; synonyms (v) appraise,
assess, calculate, gauge, estimate, value, grade,
measure, rank, reckon, review, weigh, assay,
esteem, regard.
deerlenmek appreciate; synonyms (v) esteem,
prize, treasure, value, appraise, fathom,
acknowledge, admire, apprize, cherish,
comprehend, enjoy, estimate, grasp, (adj)
understand; antonyms (v) depreciate, scorn.
deerli 1. valuable; synonyms (adj) costly, estimable,
precious, beneficial, expensive, helpful, useful,
worthy, admirable, important, dear, invaluable,
priceless, profitable, rich; antonyms (adj) worthless,
useless, 2. costly; synonyms (adj) valuable,
extravagant, high, luxurious, pricey, sumptuous,
beloved, plush, pricy, splendid; antonym (adj)
cheap, 3. dear (sevgili); synonyms (adj) close,
lovely, near, adorable, affectionate, cherished,
familiar, intimate, loved, pet, favorite, (n) darling,
love, honey, sweetheart, 4. precious; synonyms
(adj) golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite, cute,
noble, good, goodly, sweet, valued, delicate,
gorgeous, opulent, (adv) extremely, preciously.
deersiz cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive,
low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy,
economical, flashy, mean, niggardly, reasonable,
shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly,
generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious.
114
Turkish - English
deil 1. not; synonyms (adv) no, nay, nor, nowise,

never, (adj) shaven, shorn, 2. no (hayr); synonyms
(n) refusal, rejection, denial, number, nix, rebuff,
nobelium, ordinal, (adj) zero, naught, none, non,
nul.
deinmek refer (bakmak, bavurmak); synonyms
(v) allude, apply, pertain, submit, deliver,
commend, advert, impute, name, relate, invoke,

adduce, ascribe, attribute, consign.
deirmen mill; synonyms (n) grind, factory, grinder,
manufactory, machine, plant, engine, gin, notch,
shop, implement, (v) crush, pulverize, spar, (adj)
cent.
deirmenci miller; synonym (n) muller.
deiik 1. different (baka); synonyms (adj) another,
typical, 2. varied; synonyms (adj) mixed, different,
motley, many, versatile, odd; antonyms (adj)
boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform.
deiiklik 1. change (deitirmek); synonyms (n)
shift, alteration, barter, modification, variation,
move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash,
convert, switch, transpose, turn; antonyms (v) stay,
leave, idle, maintain, 2. modification; synonyms
(n) change, adaptation, adjustment, limitation,
deviation, qualification, accommodation,
amendment, conversion, limiting, mutation,
revision, correction, evolution, improvement, 3.
shift; synonyms (n) interchange, spell, device,
resource, expedient, movement, (v) remove,
quibble, budge, displace, transfer, fluctuate,
reposition, shuffle, slip, 4. variety (varyete);
synonyms (n) kind, sort, species, form, style, type,
breed, diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, range,
strain, (adj) class, (v) difference; antonym (n)
uniformity, 5. alteration; synonyms (n)
changeover, metamorphosis, transformation,
commutation, upheaval, departure, innovation,
vicissitude, 6. amendment; synonyms (n)
betterment, redress, mend, rectification, reform, 7.
variance; synonyms (n) disagreement,
discrepancy, dissension, division, discord,
divergence, misunderstanding, dissimilarity,
dissonance, conflict, dispute, variability, contrast,
contention, dissent.
deiim 1. change (deiiklik, deitirmek);

synonyms (n) shift, alteration, barter, modification,
variation, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt,
alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn;
antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 2.
variation; synonyms (n) change, difference,
divergence, mutation, variance, deviation,
discrepancy, departure, fluctuation, disagreement,
dissimilarity, permutation, contrast, distinction,

innovation; antonym (n) similarity.
deiken 1. variable; synonyms (adj) unstable,
changeable, fickle, inconstant, capricious, erratic,
fitful, mutable, uncertain, unsettled, unsteady,
fluctuating, inconsistent, shifting, variant;
antonyms (adj) constant, fixed, invariable, regular,
set, smooth, 2. mobile; synonyms (adj) fluid,
mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile,
flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, spirited,
variable, versatile, vivacious, (v) movable;
antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless.
deime 1. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn,
move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange,
remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace,
transfer, fluctuate, 2. conversion (evirme,
dntrme); synonyms (n) alteration,
changeover, adaptation, transformation,
adjustment, amendment, modification, passage,
shift, transition, version, (adj) salvation, adoption,
beatification, 3. change (deiiklik,
deitirmek); synonyms (n) barter, variation,
alternation, commutation, development, (v) adapt,
alternate, cash, transpose, twist, affect, adjust,
amend, commute, correct; antonyms (v) stay, leave,
idle, maintain, 4. variation; synonyms (n)
difference, divergence, mutation, variance,
distinction, innovation, variant; antonym (n)
similarity.
deimek 1. change (deiiklik, deitirmek);

synonyms (n) shift, alteration, barter, modification,
variation, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt,
alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn;
antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 2. alter
(deitirmek); synonyms (v) change, adjust,
affect, amend, castrate, correct, transform, vary,
distort, diversify, edit, emasculate, fluctuate, invert,
neuter, 3. vary; synonyms (v) differ, modify,
deviate, diverge, modulate, depart, disagree,
variegate, contrast, dissent, range, interchange,
digress, go, motley, 4. shift; synonyms (n)
conversion, spell, device, resource, expedient,
movement, evasion, (v) remove, quibble, budge,
displace, transfer, reposition, shuffle, slip, 5.
convert (dntrmek); synonyms (v) reform,
commute, become, replace, reverse, shape,
substitute, swap, trade, translate, convince, (n)
proselyte, neophyte, novice, (adj) believer.
deimez 1. fixed (sabit); synonyms (adj)
determined, definite, steady, constant, durable,
certain, decided, determinate, established, fast,
fastened, intent, permanent, (v) stable, (adv) firm;
antonyms (adj) flexible, adaptable, adjustable,
changeable, movable, separate, variable, compliant,
loose, moveable, portable, removable, temporary,
Turkish - English
2. constant (sabit); synonyms (adj) ceaseless,
incessant, perpetual, continual, abiding,
changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal, faithful,
frequent, loyal, resolute, steadfast, (n) invariable;
antonyms (adj) intermittent, irregular, sporadic,
episodic, erratic, inconstant, disloyal, fickle,
inconsistent, occasional, unreliable, 3. permanent
(kalc); synonyms (adj) lasting, fixed, everlasting,
perennial, enduring, immutable, indelible,
continuing, immortal, standing, stationary,
unchangeable, undying, ineffaceable, (n) perm;
antonyms (adj) fleeting, brief, impermanent,
provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 4. rigid;
synonyms (adj) harsh, hard, inflexible, stiff, austere,
set, strict, exacting, formal, rigorous, severe, stern,
tense, tight, tough; antonyms (adj) elastic, soft, 5.
steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure, cool, sedate,
settled, smooth, solid, staid, composed, staunch,
dependable, (v) calm, regular, brace, quiet;
antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, 6. set
(ayarlamak, grup, set, takm); synonyms (v) fix,
place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define,
adjust, arrange, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot;
comb-out, (adj) liquid, 7. settled; synonyms (adj)
defined, formed, confirmed, finished, done,
peaceful, assured, sober, stated, colonized,
occupied, ordinary, over, serious; antonym (adj)
uninhabited, 8. stable; synonyms (adj) reliable,
persistent, sound, immovable, immobile,
responsible, equable, safe, static, stout, uniform,
tranquil, still, strong, (v) stall; antonyms (adj)
unstable, dangerous, precarious, rickety, volatile.
deimezlik stability (denge); synonyms (n)
constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, poise,
equilibrium, solidity, balance, stableness, strength,
endurance, immovability, fixedness, resistance,
steadiness; antonym (n) instability.
deitirme 1. conversion (evirme, dntrme);

synonyms (n) alteration, change, changeover,
adaptation, exchange, transformation, adjustment,
amendment, modification, passage, shift, transfer,
transition, version, (adj) salvation, 2. shift;
synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch,
conversion, spell, device, resource, (v) remove,
quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, fluctuate,
3. alteration; synonyms (n) revision, deviation,
metamorphosis, variation, movement,
commutation, upheaval, correction, departure,
difference, evolution, innovation, mutation,
vicissitude, accommodation, 4. modification
(deiiklik); synonyms (n) limitation,
qualification, limiting, improvement, permutation,
qualifying, variety, derivative, 5. change
(deiiklik, deitirmek); synonyms (n) barter,
alternation, development, flux, (v) adapt, alternate,
cash, transpose, twist, affect, adjust, amend,
115
commute, correct, invert; antonyms (v) stay, leave,

idle, maintain, 6. exchange (santral); synonyms
(n) swap, commerce, substitute, trade, central,
replacement, bazaar, give-and-take, business, (v)
counterchange, market, sell, traffic, truck, bandy, 7.
replacement; synonyms (n) deputy, renewal,
substitution, surrogate, reinstatement,
rehabilitation, relief, return, successor, backup,
alternative, restoration, replacing, (v) makeshift,
ersatz.
deitirmek 1. alter; synonyms (v) adapt, change,
move, adjust, affect, amend, castrate, convert,
correct, shift, transform, turn, vary, alternate,
distort; antonym (v) maintain, 2. modify;
synonyms (v) alter, qualify, limit, assuage,
moderate, restrict, commute, fit, revise, soften,
temper, mitigate, condition, differentiate, exchange,
3. change (deiiklik); synonyms (n) alteration,
barter, modification, variation, adjustment,
alternation, amendment, commutation, conversion,
development, difference, (v) cash, switch,
transpose, twist; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, 4.
convert (dntrmek); synonyms (v) reform,
invert, modify, become, replace, reverse, shape,
substitute, swap, trade, transfer, translate, (n)
proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 5. vary;
synonyms (v) differ, deviate, diverge, diversify,
modulate, depart, disagree, fluctuate, variegate,
contrast, dissent, range, interchange, digress, go, 6.
shift; synonyms (n) spell, device, resource,
expedient, movement, evasion, changeover,
makeshift, (v) remove, quibble, budge, displace,
reposition, shuffle, slip, 7. switch (anahtar);
synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut,
permutation, substitution, rod, break, stick,
switching, (v) flip, swop, jump, lash, birch, 8.
replace; synonyms (v) supersede, supplant,
reinstate, restore, deputize, renew, return, succeed,
deputise, follow, place, put, refund, repay,
reestablish.
deme 1. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch,
connection, collision, communication, link, impact,
tangency, acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin,
communicate, reach, butt, join, 2. touch
(dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel,
tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border,
strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle,
interest.
demek touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms
(n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit,
border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush,
concern, handle.
denek 1. stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar,
club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff,
cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 2. staff
(asa); synonyms (n) cane, post, employees, faculty,
116
Turkish - English
personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave, court,

scepter, (v) crutch, prop, stick.
deha genius; synonyms (n) capacity, ability, flair,
faculty, brain, gift, prodigy, bent, aptitude,
brilliance, (adj) endowment, cleverness, ingenuity,
talent, turn; antonym (n) stupidity.
dehliz 1. corridor (koridor); synonyms (n) aisle, hall,
lobby, hallway, lane, vestibule, artery, alley,
alleyway, path, portico, way, (v) passage, 2.
gallery (galeri); synonyms (n) balcony, audience,
drift, veranda, circle, porch, terrace, verandah,
auditorium, auditory, boxes.
dehet 1. horror; synonyms (n) awe, abomination,
abhorrence, dismay, fear, alarm, fright, repulsion,
revulsion, anxiety, apprehension, atrocity,
aversion, (adj) dread, terror; antonym (n)
pleasantness, 2. terror; synonyms (n) scare,
consternation, horror, panic, scourge, trepidation,
brat, shock, awfulness, phobia, dreadfulness, 3.
alarm (alarm); synonyms (n) alert, affright,
unrest, warning, alarum, concern, disquiet, signal,
(v) agitate, horrify, startle, appall, disturb, frighten,
perturb; antonyms (v) calm, comfort, 4. fear
(korkmak, korku); synonyms (n) doubt, anguish,
care, foreboding, worry, fearfulness, intimidation,
trouble, diffidence, funk, misgiving, respect, (v)
reverence, apprehend, revere; antonyms (n)
bravery, confidence, fearlessness, reassurance.
dehetli fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, cowardly,
dreadful, anxious, apprehensive, awful, craven,
terrible, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful,
appalling, awesome; antonyms (adj) brave, calm,
rational, bold, confident, unimpressed.
dekan dean; synonyms (n) doyen, elder, principal,
senior, clergyman, father, leader, administrator,
archbishop, bishop, diocesan, eminence,
metropolitan, minister, pilot.
deklarasyon 1. declaration; synonyms (n)
denial, 2. bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer,
tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v) ask, call,
command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct,
instruct, order.
dekor 1. scenery; synonyms (n) scene, prospect,
landscape, panorama, outlook, nature, perspective,
picture, set, vista, lookout, view, 2. scene;
synonyms (n) aspect, background, display,
environment, spectacle, act, appearance, look,
position, arena, incident, location, scenery, setting,
show.
dekorasyon decoration; synonyms (n) adornment,
award, garnish, medal, ornament, embellishment,
finery, insignia, ornamentation, trimming,
accessory, badge, accolade, distinction,

embroidery.
dekoratif decorative; synonyms (adj) ornamental,
fancy, ornate, artistic, cosmetic, embellishing,
enhancing, diagrammatic, drawn, elaborate, floral,
florid, graceful, illustrative, pictorial; antonym (adj)
plain.
delegasyon delegation; synonyms (n) commission,
delegacy, deputation, delegating, devolution,
mission, organization, group.
delgi 1. punch; synonyms (n) jab, drill, cuff, die,
wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit, prick, beat,
perforate, stab, thrust, 2. drill (matkap);
synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, practice, auger,
borer, rehearsal, gimlet, (v) bore, coach, educate,
inculcate, instruct, pierce, tap, train.
deli 1. crazy; synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap,
wild, absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, demented,
eccentric, foolish, ludicrous, preposterous, silly,
wacky; antonyms (adj) sane, sensible, 2. mad;
synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied, insane, delirious,
angry, crazy, distracted, frenetic, lunatic, irate,
maniac, distraught, cross, (n) furious, anger;
antonym (adj) calm, 3. daft; synonyms (adj)
bonkers, nutty, balmy, inane, barmy, batty, dotty,
haywire, idiotic, insensate, kookie, kooky, loco,
loony, nuts, 4. nuts; synonyms (adj) crackers, daft,
loopy, infatuated.
delik 1. hole; synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack,
den, pocket, breach, break, burrow, cave, corner,
depression, fix, hollow, lair, (adj) gap, 2. bore;
synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill,
perforate, pierce, plague, tap, (n) caliber, diameter,
nuisance, well, annoyance, (adj) pother; antonyms
(v) interest, excite, fascinate, 3. slot; synonyms (n)
groove, place, notch, opening, position, cut, split,
section, class, nick, partition, spot, track, (v) slit,
rank, 4. outlet; synonyms (n) shop, market, egress,
exit, store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, emission,
escape, release, vent, grip, 5. opening; synonyms
(n) mouth, beginning, cleft, commencement, door,
entrance, occasion, chasm, onset, chance, crevice,
entry, fissure, (adj) preliminary, first; antonyms (n)
end, closing, finale, (adj) final, 6. port (liman);
synonyms (n) harbor, haven, asylum, carriage,
demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock,
embrasure, gate, harbour, (adj) larboard, left;
antonym (n) starboard.
delikanl 1. youngster (ocuk); synonyms (n) boy,
lad, child, juvenile, kid, urchin, toddler, adolescent,
youth, baby, nipper, shaver, teen, teenager, girl;
antonym (n) adult, 2. youth (gen, genlik);
synonyms (n) young, youngster, adolescence,
juvenility, puberty, stripling, younker, puppy,
infancy, childhood, guy, prime, youthfulness,
fellow; antonyms (n) adulthood, ripeness, 3. boy
(olan); synonyms (n) male, man, minor, servant,
Turkish - English
son, boots, 4. lad; synonyms (n) blighter, chap, cub,
cuss, fella, laddie, schoolboy, companion, gent.
deliksiz sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v)
confused.
delil 1. evidence (kant); synonyms (n) confirmation,
mark, proof, data, argument, attestation,
demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display,
demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2. proof
(kant); synonyms (n) probation, authentication,
evidence, substantiation, validation, verification,
experiment, indication, essay, criterion,
establishment, pull, reason, support, test, 3.
argument (tartma); synonyms (n) controversy,
debate, matter, hassle, altercation, arguing, brawl,
clash, contention, difference, disagreement,
discussion, fight, justification, quarrel; antonyms
(n) agreement, harmony, 4. witness; synonyms (n)
spectator, bystander, eyewitness, onlooker,
observer, testifier, beholder, testify, attestant,
viewer, (v) observe, notice, see, view, watch;
antonym (n) participant.
delilik madness; synonyms (n) frenzy, furor, insanity,
lunacy, delirium, folly, idiocy, insaneness,
aberration, anger, craziness, (adj) fury, rage,
desperation, furore; antonyms (n) sanity, sense.
delme boring (skc); synonyms (adj) dull, tedious,
tiresome, annoying, arid, bland, dreary,
monotonous, prosaic, tame, uninteresting,
wearisome, vapid, drab, (n) drilling; antonyms (adj)
exciting, fascinating, interesting, gripping, original,
thrilling, varied.
delmek 1. bore; synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy,
drill, perforate, pierce, plague, tap, (n) caliber,
diameter, nuisance, well, annoyance, (adj) pother;
antonyms (v) interest, excite, fascinate, 2. drill
(matkap); synonyms (n) exercise, discipline,
practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet,
preparation, (v) bore, coach, educate, inculcate,
instruct, train, habituate, 3. stick (yaptrmak);
synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach,
cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave,
fasten, hold.
deme 1. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement,
affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim,
expression, pronouncement, statement,
deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial, 2.
communication, instruction, command,
description, proposition, profession, argument, bill,
remark, word, bulletin, explanation, record, 3.
speech (konuma, sylev); synonyms (n)
address, delivery, lecture, conversation, discourse,
117
language, sermon, diction, discussion, elocution,

converse, dialect, harangue, (v) say, saying.
demek 1. say (sylemek); synonyms (v) remark,
articulate, express, pronounce, assert, enunciate,
observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n)
declare, voice, 2. bid (davet etmek); synonyms
(n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v)
ask, call, command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge,
direct, instruct, summon, 3. tell (anlatmak,
sylemek); synonyms (v) relate, divulge, impart,
recount, reveal, explain, announce, communicate,
describe, distinguish, enumerate, inform, notify, (n)
disclose, count; antonym (v) request, 4. observe;
synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice,
commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover,
follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note;
antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 5. call (barmak,
armak, ar); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name,
shout, bid, howl, address, baptize, cite, dub, entitle,
(n) appeal, yell, appoint, demand; antonym (v)
dismiss.
demet 1. cluster (kme); synonyms (n) bunch,
clump, batch, group, agglomeration, collection,
crowd, gang, knot, lot, tuft, (v) bundle, huddle,
collect, gather; antonym (v) disperse, 2. bunch
(grup, salkm); synonyms (n) cluster, band, troop,
horde, bulge, herd, accumulation, crew, knob,
mass, set, throng, assortment, (v) pack, heap.
demir iron; synonyms (n) chain, irons, chains, (v) firm,
flatten, press, smooth, (adj) hard, adamant,
inflexible, steel, tenacious.
demirci smith; synonyms (n) metalworker, architect,
artificer, artist, bricklayer, builder, maker,
manufacturer, mason, craftsman.
demiryolu 1. railway; synonyms (n) railroad, line,
tramway, 2. rail; synonyms (n) bar, balustrade,
handrail, railing, fence, banister, track, path, pale,
paling, bolt, barrier, (v) inveigh, vituperate,
fulminate.
demlemek steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt,
excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse,
immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate,
impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual.
demokrasi democracy; synonyms (n)
commonwealth, commonalty, nation, capitalism,
country, democraty, freedom, oligarchy, republic,
state, egalitarianism, emancipation,
equalitarianism, equality, justice; antonyms (n)
despotism, dictatorship, totalitarianism, autocracy,
tyranny.
demokrat democrat; synonyms (n) commoner,
plebeian, proletaire, proletary, republican, roturier,
democratist, populist.
demokratik democratic; synonyms (adj) egalitarian,
classless, equal, broadminded, constitutional,
democratical, free, humane, informal, permissive,
popular, tolerant, autonomous, bourgeois,
118
Turkish - English
communal; antonyms (adj) authoritarian, despotic,

tyrannical.
denek subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
deneme 1. trial; synonyms (n) test, examination,
experiment, affliction, essay, hardship, hearing,
adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, distress,
effort, endeavor, (adj) experimental, 2. essay;
synonyms (n) dissertation, article, disquisition,
composition, tentative, paper, struggle, taste, trial,
(v) try, assay, offer, prove, seek, strive, 3. attempt
(yeltenmek); synonyms (n) attack, assault,
adventure, bid, exertion, go, shot, stab, fling, (v)
aim, chance, undertake, tempt, venture, begin, 4.
test (snamak); synonyms (n) measure, criterion,
inspection, gauge, exam, experience,
experimentation, (v) examine, quiz, sample, check,
analyze, probe, proof, verify, 5. proof (kant);
synonyms (n) confirmation, demonstration,
probation, argument, authentication, evidence,
sign, substantiation, validation, verification,
indication, establishment, pull, reason, support, 6.
try; synonyms (v) judge, strain, adjudicate, hear,
render, afflict, demonstrate, exercise, hazard, risk,
search, explore, dare, (n) crack, endeavour, 7.
crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure,
chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap,
clap, bang, cleave, rift; antonyms (v) repair, mend,
8. probation; synonyms (n) discharge, freedom,
(adj) apodeixis, apodixis, 9. tentative (geici);
synonyms (adj) doubtful, provisional, probationary,
exploratory, shy, cautious, conditional, hesitant,
indecisive, indefinite, provisionary, undecided;
antonyms (adj) definite, sure, 10. shot; synonyms
(n) gunshot, injection, ball, shoot, picture, bullet,
guess, jab, missile, nip, photograph, projectile,
knock, inoculation, (adj) iridescent.
denemek 1. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try,
endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack,
assault, adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance,
undertake, 2. test (snamak); synonyms (n)
audition, experiment, examination, measure,
criterion, inspection, (v) examine, prove, quiz,
sample, check, analyze, attempt, probe, (adj)
experimental, 3. try; synonyms (v) test, strive,
judge, strain, seek, taste, adjudicate, hear, render,
afflict, demonstrate, (n) shot, go, crack, endeavour,
4. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, fortune,
opportunity, probability, venture, accident, break,
contingency, fate, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble, risk,
bet, befall, happen; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj)
deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 5. essay
(deneme); synonyms (n) dissertation, article,
disquisition, composition, tentative, paper,
discourse, review, critique, exertion, study, thesis,
tract, treatise, writing, 6. experience (deneyim,

tecrbe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening,
(v) encounter, endure, suffer, enjoy, feel, have,
know, live, meet, receive, sustain, (adj) see;
antonym (n) inexperience.
deneti 1. supervisor; synonyms (n) superintendent,
director, overseer, boss, chief, manager, foreman,
administrator, controller, examiner, executive,
head, inspector, superior, keeper, 2. inspector;
synonyms (n) supervisor, auditor, investigator,
assessor, reviewer, surveyor, visitor, husband, (v)
inquirer, inquisitor.
denetim 1. control (denetlemek, kontrol);

synonyms (n) rule, authority, care, hold, influence,
sway, ascendancy, ascendency, (v) command,
check, curb, bridle, conduct, handle, conquer;
antonyms (n) freedom, weakness, (v) intensify,
share, 2. check (ek, denetlemek); synonyms (v)
stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen,
delay, hinder, (n) control, arrest, bill, cheque, stay,
3. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n)
examination, review, surveillance, exploration,
inquiry, scrutiny, search, study, survey,
investigation, observation, oversight, sight,
supervision, (v) inspect, 4. audit (denetlemek);
synonyms (v) balance, examine, prove, scrutinize.
denetleme 1. inspection; synonyms (n) examination,
check, review, surveillance, exploration, inquiry,
scrutiny, search, study, survey, investigation,
observation, oversight, sight, (v) inspect, 2.
supervision (gzetim); synonyms (n) charge,
control, direction, management, superintendence,
guidance, custody, care, administration, command,
government, supervising, watch, running, (v)
inspection.
denetlemek 1. control (denetim, kontrol);

share, 2. check (ek, denetim); synonyms (v)
stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen,
delay, hinder, (n) control, arrest, bill, cheque, stay,
3. audit; synonyms (n) survey, examination,
review, scrutiny, (v) balance, inspect, examine,
prove, scrutinize, 4. inspect; synonyms (v)
overhaul, overlook, explore, inquire, look, view,
watch, monitor, analyze, audit, consider,
investigate, observe, regulate, search.
denetleyici 1. supervisor (deneti); synonyms (n)
keeper, 2. controller; synonyms (n) accountant,
comptroller, control, governor, regulator, ruler,
leader, supervisor.
Turkish - English
denetmen superintendent; synonyms (n) custodian,
inspector, manager, overseer, supervisor,
administrator, keeper, chief, boss, caretaker,
director, guardian, super, (adj) curator, governor.
deney 1. experiment; synonyms (n) test, attempt,
essay, trial, tentative, try, examination, taste,
experience, experimentation, (v) examine, venture,
check, 2. test (snamak); synonyms (n) audition,
experiment, measure, criterion, inspection, gauge,
(v) assay, prove, quiz, sample, analyze, probe,
proof, verify, (adj) experimental.
deneyim experience (tecrbe); synonyms (n) event,
episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer,
examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet,
receive, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience.
deneyimli 1. experienced; synonyms (adj)
accomplished, capable, educated, competent,
expert, knowledgeable, old, practiced, proficient,
skillful, sophisticated, trained, able, conversant,
informed; antonyms (adj) inexperienced, naive,
immature, 2. wise (akll, bilge); synonyms (adj)
judicious, reasonable, sensible, intelligent,
knowing, prudent, rational, sagacious, sound,
discreet, shrewd, sane, discerning, thoughtful, (n)
method; antonyms (adj) foolish, unwise, stupid.
deneyimsiz 1. inexperienced; synonyms (adj)
immature, naive, young, callow, raw, ignorant,
new, unsophisticated, unexperienced, clumsy,
strange, amateurish, awkward, inexpert, (v) green;
sophisticated, 2. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude,
fresh, bleak, coarse, cutting, piercing, sore, cold,
biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked,
keen, bitter; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked.
deneysel 1. experimental; synonyms (adj) empirical,
tentative, scientific, observational, pilot, test, trial,
2. empirical; synonyms (adj) empiric,
experimental, observed, pragmatic, charlatanical,
practical, experient, factual, pretentious,
provisional, quackish, speculative, transcendental,
(v) probationary; antonym (adj) theoretical.
denge 1. equilibrium; synonyms (n) balance,
counterpoise, equipoise, poise, counterbalance,
symmetry, steadiness, counterweight, equality, par;
antonym (n) disequilibrium, 2. balance
(dengelemek); synonyms (n) excess, remainder,
account, complement, credit, parity, proportion, (v)
adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit,
level, match; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v)
unbalance, 3. stability; synonyms (n) constancy,
durability, firmness, permanence, equilibrium,
solidity, stableness, strength, endurance,
immovability, fixedness, resistance, responsibility;
antonym (n) instability.
dengelemek 1. balance (denge); synonyms (n) poise,
symmetry, excess, remainder, account,
119

unbalance, 2. compensate; synonyms (v) balance,
pay, recompense, reimburse, recoup, remunerate,
repay, reward, cover, correct, expiate, indemnify,
redeem, redress, satisfy.
dengeli 1. balanced; synonyms (adj) equal, even, firm,
regular, stable, steady, harmonious, impartial,
steadfast, symmetrical, uniform, fast, fixed, secure,
unprejudiced; antonyms (adj) biased, unbalanced,
unfair, 2. level (dzey); synonyms (n) grade,
degree, category, class, (adj) horizontal, (v) flat,
flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle,
raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined,
slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise.
dengesiz unstable; synonyms (adj) changeable,
precarious, insecure, shaky, unsettled, unsound,
erratic, fickle, fluid, inconstant, unpredictable,
irresolute, unreliable, capricious, changeful;
antonyms (adj) stable, steady, constant.
dengesizlik instability; synonyms (n) fickleness,
fluctuation, flightiness, unreliability, flux,
changeability, inconstancy, unbalance, unrest,
unstableness, vacillation, volatility, disorder,
imbalance, (adj) fugacity; antonyms (n) stability,
calm.
deniz 1. sea; synonyms (n) ocean, water, waves, (adj)
marine, maritime, array, nautical, seagoing, army,
2. marine; synonyms (adj) saltwater, sea, aquatic,
(n) navy, bluejacket, galiongee, galionji,
leatherneck, 3. maritime; synonym (v) seafaring,
4. drink (imek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol,
brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip,
(v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down,
gulp.
denizalt submarine; synonyms (n) pigboat, sub,
bomber, champion, chock, crampfish, cuneus,
fighter, grinder, (adj) subaqueous, undersea,
underwater, subterranean, subterrene, deep.
denizcilik 1. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance,
sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight,
aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing,
sailplaning, soaring, 2. marine; synonyms (adj)
maritime, nautical, saltwater, sea, aquatic, (n) navy,
bluejacket, galiongee, galionji, leatherneck.
denk 1. match (e, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal,
competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate,
meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise,
harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash,
contradict, 2. equivalent (edeer); synonyms
(adj) comparable, alike, analogous, even,
corresponding, identical, like, matching, same,
equipollent, commensurate, akin, (n) counterpart,
match, (v) consideration; antonyms (adj) unlike, (n)
different, dissimilar, 3. equal (eit); synonyms
(adj) adequate, balanced, equivalent, coordinate,
fair, uniform, (v) compare, rival, equalize, equate,
120
Turkish - English
represent, touch, (n) compeer, peer, associate;

antonyms (adj) unequal, repressive,
disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, (v) differ.
denklem equation; synonyms (n) equalization,
formula, compensation, equality, equating,
proportion, ratio, equivalence.
departman department (blm); synonyms (n)
bureau, compartment, area, agency, class, faculty,
section, arm, branch, division, domain, field, line,
office, part.
depo 1. store (ambar, depolamak, saklamak,

stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business,
emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate,
garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2.
depot; synonyms (n) store, depository, arsenal,
station, storehouse, warehouse, dump, entrepot,
stockroom, stop, storage, storeroom, terminal,
terminus, 3. reservoir; synonyms (n) cistern,
fountain, well, lake, supply, tank, 4. tank;
synonyms (n) reservoir, container, cooler, belly,
boiler, fermentor, jail, stomach, tankful, thickener,
tub, cabinet, (v) fake, 5. storage (depolama);
synonyms (n) conservation, depot, memory,
preservation, retention, accumulation, reposition,
warehousing, 6. warehouse (ambar); synonyms
(n) godown, repository, promptuary, (v) magazine,
7. magazine (dergi); synonyms (n) journal,
cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip, mag,
comic, monthly, pamphlet, weekly, repertory,
review, daily.
depolama storage; synonyms (n) conservation, depot,
memory, preservation, retention, stock,
accumulation, entrepot, store, reposition,
storehouse, warehousing.
depolamak store (ambar, depo, saklamak, stok);

synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business,
garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve.
depozito deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge,
deprem shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
depresyon depression (bunalm, knt);

synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent,
dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench,
trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n)
encouragement, inflation, outcrop.
dere 1. stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow, brook,
river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour,
swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course;
antonym (v) trickle, 2. run (altrmak,
komak); synonyms (v) rule, dash, race, career,
conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, hurry,

operate, (n) pass, campaign, drive, (adj) stream, 3.
valley (vadi); synonyms (n) ravine, dale, gully,
vale, hollow, depression, gap, gorge; antonym (n)
mount.
derece 1. grade; synonyms (n) class, place, rank,
degree, order, brand, category, gradient, score,
form, group, quality, (v) level, classify, evaluate, 2.
degree; synonyms (n) extent, condition, title,
caliber, status, amount, caste, gradation, grade,
height, measure, plane, point, rate, scale, 3. extent;
synonyms (n) extension, amplitude, expanse, bulk,
compass, distance, boundary, breadth, dimension,
gauge, length, purview, quantity, reach, (v) area, 4.
step (adm, basamak); synonyms (n) stage, walk,
gait, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, advance,
phase, procedure, process, (v) pace, proceeding,
tread, 5. scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,
graduation, yardstick, chip, criterion, fur, pitch, (v)
ascend, climb, mount, weigh, rise, peel, (adj)
balance; antonym (v) descend, 6. rank (sra);
synonyms (n) range, file, line, post, arrangement,
distinction, (adj) putrid, luxuriant, bad, egregious,
fetid, (v) arrange, position, array, estimate;
antonym (adj) fresh, 7. level (dzey); synonyms
(adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor,
aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze,
direct, equalize, fell; antonyms (adj) inclined,
slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise,
8. measure (lmek, l, nlem); synonyms
(n) beat, benchmark, measurement, meter,
allotment, action, bill, dose, magnitude, portion,
time, (v) appraise, assess, fathom, (adj) mete, 9.
remove (kaldrmak); synonyms (v) oust, take,
pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip, delete,
erase, evacuate, extract, abolish, get, (adj) clear;
antonyms (v) insert, install, 10. point (gstermek,
nokta); synonyms (n) peak, nib, edge, article, dot,
mark, spot, apex, detail, end, hint, matter, moment,
tip, (v) head, 11. standard (standart); synonyms
(adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic,
common, conventional, (n) average, flag, norm,
example, pattern, prototype, canon, column;
antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special,
12. rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, value,
percentage, charge, frequency, (v) appreciate,
compute, count, calculate, merit, put, esteem, prize,
deserve.
derecelendirmek grade (derece); synonyms (n)
class, place, rank, degree, order, brand, category,
gradient, score, form, group, quality, (v) level,
classify, evaluate.
dergi 1. magazine; synonyms (n) journal, cartridge,
newspaper, periodical, book, clip, entrepot, mag,
comic, depository, arsenal, monthly, pamphlet,
weekly, (v) store, 2. journal (gnlk); synonyms
(n) diary, magazine, ephemeris, chronicle, log,
Turkish - English
record, annals, calendar, organ, paper, review,
annual, (adj) daybook, daily, diurnal, 3. review
(gzden geirmek); synonyms (n) examination,
critique, inspection, retrospect, commentary,
comment, parade, criticism, investigation, (v) check,
survey, criticize, examine, inspect, judge.
derhal 1. immediately (hemen); synonyms (adv)
directly, forthwith, instantly, now, right, direct,
readily, instantaneously, presently, rapidly,
incontinently, momentarily, summarily, exactly,
(adj) instanter; antonyms (adv) later, slowly, 2.
instantly; synonyms (adv) immediately, promptly,
outright, quickly, soon, straight, straightaway,
suddenly; antonym (adv) eventually.
deri 1. skin (cilt, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel,
flay, 2. leather; synonyms (n) fleece, skin,
buckskin, fell, pigskin, (v) drub, thrash, thresh, hit,
3. fell; synonyms (v) chop, cut, drop, floor, ax,
level, down, demolish, destroy, (adj) barbarous,
cruel, prostrate, brutal, fierce, savage, 4. hide
(gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise,
obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, ambush,
muffle, camouflage, (n) cover, coat, veil, cloud, (adj)
darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express.
derin 1. deep; synonyms (adj) thick, profound,
absorbed, abstruse, broad, dark, rich, sound,
strong, wide, esoteric, bright, large, abysmal, (v)
intense; antonyms (adj) shallow, superficial, high,
high-pitched, light, soft, weak, 2. profound;
synonyms (adj) deep, heavy, bottomless, important,
solid, grave, obscure, utter, complete, exhaustive,
intimate, recondite, shrewd, good, (n) impressive;
antonym (adj) trivial, 3. sound (ses); synonyms (n)
echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, blow, (adj)
reasonable, healthy, fit, just, rational, right, sane,
sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical,
unsound, confused.
derinlik depth; synonyms (n) abyss, deepness,
profoundness, intensity, profundity, abstruseness,
wisdom, breadth, extent, height, strength, width,
astuteness, draught, extremity.
derlem collection (koleksiyon, toplama);

synonyms (n) accumulation, assembly, assortment,
bundle, gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation,
heap, mass, pile, variety, batch, (v) assemblage.
derleme composition; synonyms (n) arrangement,
organization.
derman 1. remedy (ila); synonyms (n) cure, redress,
medicine, drug, relief, antidote, curative, (v) heal,
help, amend, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor, 2.
power (g, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability,
potency, authority, control, energy, agency,
121
domination, intensity, strength, (v) influence,

might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n)
powerlessness, helplessness, weakness.
dernek 1. association; synonyms (n) affiliation,
alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, company,
fellowship, link, partnership, society, syndicate,
congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage, 2.
fellowship; synonyms (n) brotherhood,
community, companionship, communion,
familiarity, camaraderie, association, acquaintance,
body, club, family, fraternity, corporation, (adj)
intercourse, intimacy, 3. club (kulp, sinek);
synonyms (n) bat, circle, stick, baton, cudgel, gang,
group, guild, nightclub, order, truncheon, union, (v)
beat, bludgeon, hit, 4. society; synonyms (n)
institution, public, people, commonwealth, folk,
friendship, gild, league, organization, party,
civilization, fashion, gathering, firm, foundation, 5.
institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment,
institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy,
custom, initiation, tradition, induction, practice,
college, organisation, constitution, 6. league;
synonyms (n) coalition, confederacy, federation,
class, combination, confederation, cabal, bund,
conference, conspiracy, (v) combine, confederate,
compact, unite, concur.
ders 1. subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated, 2.
example (rnek); synonyms (n) case, exemplar,
illustration, instance, lead, sample, design, guide,
model, paradigm, pattern, precedent, prototype,
archetype, piece, 3. lesson; synonyms (n) exercise,
example, instruction, class, learning, message,
moral, reading, sermon, study, task, warning,
contraindication, (v) rebuke, 4. class (snf);
synonyms (n) category, group, form, grade,
position, arrange, brand, department, kind, (v) sort,
place, rank, categorize, classify, order, 5. teaching;
synonyms (n) education, indoctrination, doctrine,
pedagogy, precept, training, advice, edification,
breeding, enlightenment, principle.
derslik classroom; synonym (n) schoolroom.
dert 1. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, pain,
anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy,
disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden,
distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please, 2.
sorrow (ac); synonyms (n) grief, mourning,
regret, sadness, anguish, contrition, heartache,
misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, heartbreak,
(v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms (n) joy, delight,
happiness, 3. complaint; synonyms (n) accusation,
ailment, charge, affection, disease, ill, illness, plaint,
protest, sickness, wail, whine, claim, quarrel,
trouble, 4. cross (ha); synonyms (n) crisscross,
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Turkish - English

uncross, (adj) good-tempered, 5. grief (ac, keder);
synonyms (n) dolor, agony, wound, chagrin,
concern, pity, bitterness, dejection, desolation,
gloom, melancholy, sorrow, woe, disappointment,
(adj) sore, 6. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test,
examination, experiment, essay, hardship, hearing,
adversity, audition, attempt, effort, endeavor,
proof, assay, misfortune, (adj) experimental, 7.
worry (zlmek); synonyms (v) torment, tease,
care, fear, molest, vex, fret, harry, mind, (n) harass,
fuss, annoyance, apprehension, hassle, (adj) irritate;
antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness,
reassurance.
derya sea (deniz); synonyms (n) ocean, water, waves,
(adj) marine, maritime, array, nautical, seagoing,
army.
dearj discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n) release,
desen 1. pattern; synonyms (n) model, design,
fashion, form, mold, shape, example, figure, norm,
order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration,
(v) mould, 2. design (proje, tasarlamak);
synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception,
drawing, device, idea, intent, contrivance, copy, (v)
plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct;
antonym (n) chance, 3. line (izgi, hat); synonyms
(n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage,
field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease,
row, stock.
desinatr designer; synonyms (n) architect,
couturier, creator, drawer, engineer, inventor,
maker, decorator, (v) artist, projector; antonym (adj)
off-the-rack.
demek probe (sonda); synonyms (n) investigation,
inquiry, research, plumb, exploration, (v) examine,
examination, explore, inspect, fathom, investigate,
search, check, inquire, penetrate.
deste 1. deck; synonyms (v) adorn, beautify, clothe,
embellish, floor, array, bedeck, ornament, attire,
bedight, decorate, dress, garnish, grace, trim, 2.
bunch (grup, salkm); synonyms (n) cluster,
clump, crowd, batch, band, gang, group, lot, troop,
horde, bulge, herd, (v) bundle, huddle, pack;
antonym (v) disperse, 3. bundle; synonyms (n)
pile, sheaf, heap, load, package, packet, parcel,
stack, wad, set, collection, mass, mint, mound, (v)
bunch, 4. pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms
(n) mob, bevy, company, backpack, box, knapsack,
bag, flock, (v) compress, cram, fill, jam, carry,
compact, crush; antonym (v) unpack.
destek 1. support (dayanak, desteklemek);


abandon, reject, weaken, 2. backing; synonyms (n)
support, approval, assistance, encouragement,
endorsement, accompaniment, championship,
promotion, sanction, sponsorship, sustenance,
funding, funds, investment, 3. staff (asa);
synonyms (n) cane, club, post, employees, faculty,
personnel, rod, mace, baton, stave, court, scepter,
board, (v) crutch, stick, 4. assistance (yardm);
synonyms (n) relief, backing, charity, hand, remedy,
service, advantage, lift, second, benefit,
collaboration, cooperation, favor, (v) succor, 5.
cooperation; synonyms (n) concurrence,
association, teamwork, partnership, alliance;
antonyms (n) stubbornness, competition,
confrontation, rivalry, 6. boost; synonyms (n)
jump, push, (v) advance, advertise, amplify,
augment, hike, increase, promote, raise, thrust,
bolster, elevate, enhance, enlarge; antonyms (n)
disappointment, (v) decrease, knock, drop, 7.
shore; synonyms (n) bank, coast, beach, edge, land,
buttress, seashore, seaside, stay, margin, border,
riverside, coastline, shoreline, shoring; antonym (n)
interior, 8. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n)
remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation,
residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease,
lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 9. stay
(kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) reside, rest, stop,
abide, continue, endure, arrest, bide, dwell, linger,
(n) delay, halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms
(v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 10.
sponsorship; synonyms (n) sponsor, auspices,
sponsion, benefaction, business, cosponsor,
devotion, economics, membership, money, start,
bias, guidance.
destekleme 1. backing; synonyms (n) aid, patronage,
support, approval, assistance, encouragement,
endorsement, accompaniment, assist,
championship, help, promotion, sanction,
sponsorship, sustenance, 2. support (dayanak,
destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) stand, keep,
comfort, maintenance, (v) prop, back, brace,
encourage, maintain, bear, boost, carry, confirm,
corroborate, defend; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v)
oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject,
weaken.
desteklemek 1. support (dayanak, destek);

abandon, reject, weaken, 2. assist; synonyms (v)
support, abet, serve, contribute, attend, avail,
expedite, facilitate, relieve, succor, sustain,
alleviate, ease, (n) assistance, (adj) second; antonym
(v) hinder, 3. strengthen; synonyms (v)
Turkish - English
consolidate, confirm, corroborate, enhance, fortify,
intensify, invigorate, bolster, buttress, harden,
increase, stiffen, toughen, reenforce, cheer, 4.
champion; synonyms (n) advocate, backer,
partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ, defender,
exponent, paladin, patron, protagonist, supporter,
(v) defend, uphold.
destekleyici champion; synonyms (n) advocate,
backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ,
defender, exponent, paladin, patron, (v) defend,
support, back, maintain; antonym (v) oppose.
detay detail (ayrnt); synonyms (n) report, point,
feature, item, circumstance, (v) describe, enumerate,
relate, appoint, assign, cast, itemize, recite, specify,
define; antonym (n) generalization.
detektr detector; synonyms (n) demodulator,
sensor, detecter, selector.
dev 1. giant; synonyms (adj) colossal, gargantuan,
gigantic, jumbo, elephantine, enormous, huge,
immense, large, mammoth, vast, (n) monster,
behemoth, colossus, ogre; antonyms (adj) small,
tiny, miniature, 2. monster; synonyms (n) giant,
beast, brute, demon, devil, fiend, freak,
monstrosity, prodigy, chimera, mutant, (adj)
stupendous, massive, bizarrerie, eccentricity.
deva remedy (ila); synonyms (n) cure, redress,
medicine, drug, relief, antidote, curative, (v) heal,
help, amend, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor.
devalasyon devaluation; synonyms (n) depression,
deterioration.
devam 1. continuation; synonyms (n) continuance,
sequel, resumption, maintenance, elongation,
postscript, duration, extension, supplement;
antonyms (n) discontinuance, end, 2. continue
(srdrmek); synonyms (v) abide, remain,
endure, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be, extend,
last, maintain, persist, preserve, (n) hold, (adj)
prolong; antonyms (v) stop, cease, discontinue, 3.
attendance; synonyms (n) presence, attending,
audience, turnout, hearing, tendance, attendancy,
bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment, assemblage,
assembly, congregation, draw; antonyms (n)
absence, nonattendance, 4. resume; synonyms (v)
recover, continue, regain, restart, summarize,
outline, revert, adopt, renew, (n) digest, synopsis,
abstract, summary, epitome, recapitulation.
devaml 1. continuous (srekli); synonyms (adj)
constant, continual, ceaseless, endless, perpetual,
running, chronic, consecutive, continued, eternal,
everlasting, incessant, unbroken, unending,
uninterrupted; antonyms (adj) intermittent,
temporary, discontinuous, sporadic, 2. steady;
synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, fixed, resolute,
stable, cool, sedate, settled, consistent, certain, (v)
steadfast, calm, regular, brace; antonyms (adj)
unsteady, shaky, wobbly, unreliable, 3.
123
permanent (kalc); synonyms (adj) durable,

lasting, fast, perennial, enduring, immutable,
indelible, abiding, continuing, immortal, standing,
stationary, unchangeable, (v) continuous, (n) perm;
continual; synonyms (adj) frequent, permanent,
persistent, unrelenting, nonstop, repeated,
unceasing, 5. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post,
(n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige, place,
motionless, continuance.
devamllk continuity (sreklilik); synonyms (n)
continuation, coherence, continuance, duration,
persistence, concatenation, sequence, perseverance,
run, series, chain, constancy, continency, course,
flow; antonym (n) discontinuity.
deveran 1. circulation (dolam); synonyms (n)
turn, airing, 2. rotation (dnme); synonyms (n)
roll, circulation, curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence,
bout.
devimbilim dynamics (dinamik); synonyms (n)
kinetics, motion, (v) statics.
devingen 1. dynamic (dinamik); synonyms (adj)
active, aggressive, dynamical, energetic, forceful,
powerful, vigorous, lusty, animated, vibrant,
driving, efficient, enthusiastic, live, mighty;
antonyms (adj) dull, static, 2. mobile; synonyms
(adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial,
expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying,
nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting;
antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless.
devingenlik mobility; synonyms (n) movableness,
motion, movement, (adj) versatility.
devinim motion (hareket); synonyms (n) gesture,
action, movement, wave, exercise, gesticulation,
play, passage, application, move, question, (v) sign,
beckon, gesticulate, signal.
devinirlik momentum; synonyms (n) impetus,
impulse, force, drive, impulsion, pace, thrust,
velocity, moment, power, propulsion, speed,
progress; antonym (n) inertia.
devir 1. period (dnem, nokta); synonyms (n) age,
dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day,
stage, time, 2. era (a); synonyms (n) period,
date, style, 3. turnover; synonyms (n) overturn,
revolution, sales, upset, pastry, change, overthrow,
proceeds, derangement, disorder, disturbance,
earnings, flapjack, income, (v) harrow, 4. transfer
(aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance,
assignment, (v) convey, carry, remove, shift,
exchange, send, transmit, transport, commit,
consign, deliver, give, interchange; antonyms (v)
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Turkish - English
hold, keep, 5. revolution (devrim); synonyms (n)

gyration, insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt,
rotation, turn, alteration, coup, circle, circulation,
roll, round, spin, (v) circuit, 6. assignment;
synonyms (n) allocation, allotment, appointment,
assigning, mission, apportionment, stint,
assignation, business, chore, charge, commission,
consignment, designation, duty, 7. cycle
(bisiklet); synonyms (n) bicycle, ring, sequence,
bout, beat, run, orbit, rhythm, series, drive, hertz,
(v) bike, motorcycle, wheel, pedal, 8. circulation
(dolam); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion,
distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal,
dispersion, spread, spreading, airing, 9. time
(saat, sre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment,
measure, season, spell, instant, space, tempo,
sentence, occasion, course, juncture, (v) clock,
regulate, schedule; antonym (n) death, 10.
rotation (dnme); synonym (n) curl.
devirli periodic (periyodik); synonyms (adj)
intermittent, regular, periodical, recurrent,
frequent, alternate, recurring, routine, spasmodic,
alternating, daily, fitful, infrequent, irregular, odd.
devirme upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate,
disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb,
perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder,
trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm,
please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident.
devirmek 1. upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate,
please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident,
2. down (aa); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut,
dejected, depressed, downward, despondent,
up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward.
devlet 1. state (durum, eyalet); synonyms (n)
(v) deny, (adj) private, 2. government (hkmet,
ynetim); synonyms (n) administration, authority,
control, direction, command, dominion,
governance, cabinet, authorities, governing,
guidance, (adj) empire, rule, (v) conduct,
management.
devre 1. circuit (evrim); synonyms (n) beat, area,
excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter,
periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip,
journey, 2. period (devir, dnem, nokta);
synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration,
generation, day, conclusion, interval, length,
menstruation, stage, time, mark.
devretmek 1. transfer (aktarma, aktarmak);

synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey,
carry, change, remove, shift, exchange, send,

transmit, transport, commit, consign, deliver, give;
antonyms (v) hold, keep, 2. circuit (evrim,
devre); synonyms (n) beat, area, excursion,
compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery,
round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey.
devrilme upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate,
devrilmek upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate,
devrilmi upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate,
devrim revolution; synonyms (n) change, gyration,
insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, rotation,
turn, alteration, cycle, coup, circle, circulation, (v)
circuit, (adj) disturbance.
devrimci revolutionary; synonyms (adj) radical,
mutineer, rebellious, mutinous, fanatic, lawless,
militant, (n) insurgent, rebel, extremist,
insurrectionist, revolutionist, subversive, activist,
anarchist; antonym (adj) old-fashioned.
devriye patrol; synonyms (n) beat, protection,
patrolman, scout, sentinel, spy, detachment, force,
(v) watch, guard, prowl.
deyim 1. expression (anlatm, ifade); synonyms (n)
indication, language; antonym (n) repression, 2.
statement; synonyms (n) account, affirmation,
assertion, command, description, proposition,
enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, bill,
expression; antonym (n) denial, 3. phrase;
synonyms (n) word, locution, passage, parlance, (v)
formulate, couch, articulate, put, enunciate.
dezavantaj disadvantage; synonyms (n)
deprivation, inconvenience, limitation, loss,
damage, detriment, failing, fault, flaw, harm, hurt,
liability, snag, awkwardness, penalty; antonyms (n)
benefit, bonus, value, (v) advantage.
diferansiyel differential; synonyms (adj) integral,
different, totitive, exponential, logarithmic, (n)
derivative, difference, distinction, fluxion, fluent,
children, descendants, determination, earmark,
feature.
dier 1. other (baka); synonyms (adj) additional,
another, different, extra, further, more, new,
Turkish - English
second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite,
added; antonym (adj) same, 2. alternative
(alternatif, seenek); synonyms (adj) alternate,
alternating, variant, (n) option, choice, preference,
selection, substitute, variation.
dijital digital; synonyms (adj) numeric, (n) computer.
dik 1. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive,
exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse,
soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate,
impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual, 2.
upright; synonyms (adj) perpendicular, straight,
erect, vertical, fair, good, just, righteous, honest,
honorable, plumb, right, true, virtuous, pure;
antonyms (adv) horizontally, (adj) disreputable,
prone, upturned, degenerate, hanging,
unwholesome, 3. rapid; synonyms (adj) fast, quick,
prompt, swift, agile, fleet, hasty, speedy, cursory,
expeditious, sudden, nimble, winged, express,
hurried; antonym (adj) slow, 4. right (doru,
sa); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate, due,
proper, decent, even, perfect, accurate, exact,
faithful, fit, reasonable, (n) privilege, law, (v) rectify;
antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral,
incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong.
dike column (kolon, stun); synonyms (n) pillar,
procession, row, stanchion, file, line, obelisk, post,
prop, support, series, monolith, buttress, (adj)
tower, minaret.
diken spine (omurga); synonyms (n) backbone,
dikey 1. vertical (dey); synonyms (adj) upright,
perpendicular, straight, erect, sheer, standing,
plumb, unbowed; antonyms (adj) horizontal, prone,
2. portrait; synonyms (n) effigy, image, icon,
likeness, delineation, depiction, figure, painting,
photograph, picture, portraiture, portrayal,
characterization, 3. upright; synonyms (adj)
vertical, fair, good, just, righteous, honest,
honorable, right, true, virtuous, pure, clean, moral,
noble, (n) column; antonyms (adv) horizontally, (adj)
disreputable, upturned, degenerate, hanging,
unwholesome.
diki stitch; synonyms (n) twinge, pang, cramp, (v)
sew, seam, baste, crick, embroider, suture, tack,
articulation, commissure, gore, gusset, (adj) tie;
antonym (v) unpick.
dikkat 1. attention; synonyms (n) mind, aid,
alertness, care, consideration, heed, notice,
attentiveness, caution, concentration, deliberation,
diligence, ear, nursing, observation; antonyms (n)
inattention, neglect, 2. care; synonyms (n)
attention, bother, concern, apprehension, custody,
keep, maintenance, worry, attendance, affection,
burden, fear, (v) anxiety, charge, administer;
antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness,
thoughtlessness, (v) disregard, 3. notice;
125
synonyms (n) advertisement, declaration,

information, message, (v) note, look, attend, detect,
discover, distinguish, find, mark, regard, remark,
see; antonym (v) ignore, 4. caution; synonyms (n)
advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness,
warning, admonition, caveat, circumspection,
counsel, forethought, prudence, (v) warn,
admonish, advise, 5. note (not, not etmek);
synonyms (n) comment, mention, annotation,
indication, bill, distinction, epistle, letter,
memorandum, report, importance, line, (v) record,
discern, label, 6. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v)
estimate, account, believe, consider, count, hold,
observe, reckon, appreciate, (n) respect, esteem,
deference, value, admiration, estimation; antonym
(n) disrespect.
dikkatli 1. careful; synonyms (adj) accurate, attentive,
thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal,
mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware,
cagey, cautious, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) careless,
reckless, slapdash, neglectful, 2. cautious;
synonyms (adj) careful, conservative, guarded,
watchful, chary, circumspect, discreet, judicious,
provident, reserved, shy, wary, moderate, canny,
tactful; antonyms (adj) rash, impetuous, impulsive,
open, incautious, irresponsible, wasteful, 3. intent
(ama, niyet); synonyms (adj) absorbed,
engrossed, earnest, bent, (n) aim, idea, design,
intention, goal, import, meaning, purpose, spirit,
drift, end, 4. strict; synonyms (adj) rigid, severe,
stern, correct, austere, harsh, precise, rigorous,
scrupulous, exacting, hard, inflexible, stiff, (v) exact,
close; antonyms (adj) lenient, free, lax, flexible,
imprecise, negligent, relaxed, 5. thoughtful;
synonyms (adj) considerate, serious, kind, solemn,
courteous, heedful, pensive, sensible, grave, caring,
gentle, reflective, sensitive, solicitous, studious;
antonyms (adj) inconsiderate, thoughtless, heedless.
dikkatsiz careless; synonyms (adj) inconsiderate,
cursory, forgetful, haphazard, inattentive,
insouciant, reckless, hasty, imprudent, inadvertent,
incautious, lax, listless, (v) heedless, (adv)
thoughtless; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious,
prudent, attentive, diligent, meticulous, thorough,
thoughtful, guarded, methodical, strict, wary.
dikkatsizlik negligence; synonyms (n) neglect,
carelessness, disregard, inattention, indifference,
heedlessness, neglectfulness, inattentiveness,
recklessness; antonym (n) attention.
dikmek 1. rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n)
posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed,
nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build;
antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front, 2. plant (bitki);
synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment, factory,
herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set,
constitute, establish, found, lay, bury, 3. raise
(toplamak, ykseltmek); synonyms (v) boost,
126
Turkish - English
lift, hoist, increase, elevate, enhance, grow,

promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, exalt, excite,
heave, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower.
dil 1. language (lisan); synonyms (n) dialect,
expression, speech, diction, idiom, lingo, tongue,
conversation, jargon, terminology, vernacular,
voice, word, words, address, 2. tongue; synonyms
(n) language, lingua, clapper, glossa, talk, knife,
palate, parlance, spit, (v) lick, (adj) flippancy,
flowing, fluency, 3. speech (konuma, sylev);
synonyms (n) delivery, lecture, discourse, sermon,
communication, discussion, elocution, converse,
harangue, oration, articulation, pronunciation, (v)
say, saying, speak.
dilbilgisi grammar; synonyms (n) rudiments,
elements, praxis, punctuation, outlines, (v)
initiation.
dilbilim linguistics; synonyms (n) glossology,
philology, glossary, glottology.
dilbilimsel linguistic; synonym (adj) lingual.
dilek 1. desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms (n)
ambition, hope, aspiration, will, wish, craving,
dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, want, aim,
choose, crave; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, (v)
dislike, hate, 2. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) desire,
like, please, bid, care, prefer, intend, (n) need,
inclination, longing, pleasure, purpose, mind,
request, urge, 3. will (arzu); synonyms (v)
bequeath, devise, leave, shall, give, spirit, (n)
volition, command, determination, resolve, intent,
courage, liking, testament, choice, 4. request
(istek); synonyms (n) petition, prayer, application,
claim, entreaty, invitation, (v) demand, ask, invite,
order, pray, appeal, beg, call, entreat.
dileke petition; synonyms (n) appeal, application,
entreaty, invocation, asking, (v) demand, ask,
request, desire, beg, claim, crave, apply, entreat,
invite.
dilemek 1. beg (dilenmek); synonyms (v) adjure,
ask, appeal, entreat, implore, cadge, crave, desire,
importune, plead, pray, request, require, solicit,
supplicate, 2. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) hope,
like, aspiration, choose, please, bid, (n) want, need,
inclination, longing, aim, pleasure, purpose,
ambition, (adv) will; antonyms (v) dislike, hate.
dilenmek beg; synonyms (v) adjure, ask, appeal,
entreat, implore, cadge, crave, desire, importune,
plead, pray, request, require, solicit, supplicate.
dilim 1. slice; synonyms (n) share, part, section, bit,
chip, gash, morsel, piece, slab, chunk, portion, (v)
cut, slash, carve, lacerate, 2. segment (kesim,
para); synonyms (n) division, paragraph, slice,
proportion, length, sector, subdivision, metamere,
parcel, block, strip, department, chapter, (v) divide,
partition, 3. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) chop,
clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop,
fashion, reduce, (n) notch, cutting, nick, blow,
shape; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition,

extension.
dilimlemek 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve,
chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop,
drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow;
antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition,
extension, 2. slice (dilim); synonyms (n) share,
part, section, bit, chip, gash, morsel, piece, slab,
chunk, portion, scrap, (v) cut, slash, lacerate.
dilsiz dumb; synonyms (adj) mute, dense, dim, dull,
silent, speechless, inarticulate, obtuse, slow, stupid,
idiotic, quiet, taciturn, thick, voiceless.
dimdik sheer; synonyms (adj) absolute, pure, mere,
bold, diaphanous, filmy, gauzy, gossamer, simple,
steep, transparent, regular, (n) complete, perfect,
entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick.
din 1. religion; synonyms (n) piety, creed, faith, cult,
denomination, sect, church, devotion, holiness,
persuasion, 2. faith (gven); synonyms (n)
confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence,
credit, assurance, allegiance, dependence,
expectation, fidelity, hope, reliance, religion,
constancy; antonym (n) unbelief.
dinamik 1. dynamic (devingen); synonyms (adj)
active, aggressive, dynamical, energetic, forceful,
powerful, vigorous, lusty, animated, vibrant,
driving, efficient, enthusiastic, live, mighty;
antonyms (adj) dull, static, 2. dynamics; synonyms
(n) kinetics, motion, (v) statics.
din 1. vigorous; synonyms (adj) robust, strong,
energetic, hardy, lively, powerful, strenuous,
active, athletic, hearty, mighty, healthy, smart, (n)
brave, (v) brisk; antonyms (adj) feeble, lethargic,
weak, dull, unenergetic, 2. fresh (taze); synonyms
(adj) bracing, clean, novel, bright, original, recent,
airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, pure,
(adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed,
exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off,
oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 3.
youthful (gen); synonyms (adj) young,
immature, fresh, juvenile, adolescent, vernal,
childish, tender, beardless; antonym (adj) adult.
dindar religious; synonyms (adj) pious, devout,
divine, sacred, devoted, godly, holy, saintly,
scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, spiritual, strict, (n)
monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular.
dindirmek ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort,
convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose,
satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay,
facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n)
difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v)
aggravate, worsen.
dingil shaft; synonyms (n) arrow, handle, axis, beam,
pit, dart, pillar, axle, bar, lance, mine, post, ray,
well, (v) cheat.
dingin calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, tranquil,
(v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay, pacify, easy,
Turkish - English
moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull, equanimity;
agitation.
dini 1. ecclesiastical; synonyms (adj) ecclesiastic,
spiritual, ecclesiological, churchly, clerical, divine,
ministerial, beneficent, civilized, ecclesial, pious,
religious, theological, gentle, holy, 2. religious;
synonyms (adj) devout, sacred, devoted, godly,
saintly, scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, strict, pure, (n)
monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular.
dinleme 1. monitoring; synonym (n) observation, 2.
listening; synonyms (n) hearing, audition,
audience, earshot, earreach, (adj) attentive, audient.
dinlemek 1. listen; synonyms (v) hark, hear, attend,
hearken, heed, harken, list, mind, concentrate,
incline, 2. monitor (izlemek, monitr);
synonyms (v) check, regulate, control, eavesdrop,
observe, supervise, (n) admonisher, dame, ironclad,
moderator, 3. hear (duymak); synonyms (v)
discover, apprehend, understand, catch, examine,
learn, listen, overhear, see, try, find, get,
comprehend, gather, judge.
dinlendirmek rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n)
lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work.
dinlenme 1. rest; synonyms (n) remnant, repose,
balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure,
break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj)
remainder; antonym (v) work, 2. relaxation
(geveme); synonyms (n) diversion, amusement,
pastime, entertainment, recreation, rest, comfort,
quiet, remission, respite, peace, hobby, relax,
abatement, breather, 3. recreation; synonyms (n)
distraction, play, merriment, fun, game, sport,
pleasure, refreshment, athletics, interest,
reproduction.
dinlenmek 1. relax; synonyms (v) loose, abate, give,
lounge, unbend, melt, debilitate, ease, relieve,
remit, rest, slack, (n) loosen, release, (adj) relent;
antonyms (v) tighten, tense, 2. rest (dinlenme);
remain, sleep, lie, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym
(v) work.
dinleyiciler audience; synonyms (n) hearing,
interview, attendance, house, meeting, turnout,
audition, congregation, crowd, following, public,
spectators, (v) auditory.
dinsel 1. religious; synonyms (adj) pious, devout,
divine, sacred, devoted, godly, holy, saintly,
scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, spiritual, strict, (n)
monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular, 2. sacred
(kutsal); synonyms (adj) hallowed, consecrated,
dedicated, religious, blessed, inviolable, consecrate,
127
celestial, heavenly, sacrosanct, sublime, venerable,

biblical, (v) majestic, imposing; antonym (adj)
profane.
dip 1. bottom (alt, k); synonyms (n) base, basis,
pinnacle, (adj) highest, 2. foot (ayak); synonyms
(n) bottom, feet, foundation, measure, paw, pes, ft,
groundwork, infantry, meter, substructure,
assonance, (v) hoof, pay, hand, 3. base (alak,
baz, taban, temel, s); synonyms (n) leg, stand,
(adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile,
bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, infamous, (v)
ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, (adj) noble.
diploma certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma,
certification, credential, credentials, document,
license, testimonial, warrant, authentication, deed,
docket, bill, (v) certify, sanction.
diplomasi diplomacy; synonyms (n) finesse, tact,
delicacy, politics, diplomatics, statecraft.
diplomatik diplomatic; synonyms (adj) tactful,
careful, delicate, discreet, politic, suave, thoughtful,
strategic; antonyms (adj) tactless, undiplomatic.
direk 1. beam (n, kiri); synonyms (n) blaze, glow,
ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air,
broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2.
pole (kutup); synonyms (n) perch, bar, picket,
post, rod, support, terminal, axle, beam, axis,
extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar, 3. column
(kolon, stun); synonyms (n) procession, row,
stanchion, file, line, obelisk, prop, series, monolith,
buttress, article, convoy, editorial, (adj) tower,
minaret, 4. post (posta); synonyms (n) place,
function, office, position, stake, attitude, berth, job,
(v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, seat, send.
direksiyon wheel (ark, Teker, tekerlek);

synonyms (n) circle, cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel,
rack, (v) roll, revolve, turn, bike, spin, trundle,
gyrate, rotate, twirl.
direkt direct (dolaysz, ynlendirmek); synonyms
(adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel,
conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head,
administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms
(adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique,
second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request.
direktif 1. directive (ynerge); synonyms (n)
decree, direction, edict, instruction, order, ruling,
rule, pronouncement, bylaw, command, injunction,
law, (adj) directing, directional, guiding, 2.
instruction (talimat, ynerge); synonyms (n)
charge, advice, counsel, education, guidance,
guideline, information, prescription, teaching,
bidding, commission, doctrine, drill, edification,
lecture.
direktr director (mdr, ynetici); synonyms (n)
commander, manager, administrator, boss, chief,
128
Turkish - English
superintendent, chairman, coach, controller, guide,

head, leader, master, principal, (v) conductor.
diren resistance; synonyms (n) opposition,
endurance, friction, immunity, impedance,
agreement, obedience, susceptibility.
direnli resistant; synonyms (adj) immune,
impervious, durable, tough, defiant, proof,
rebellious, hardy, fast, solid, stable, strong,
antagonistic, insubordinate, (v) resistive; antonyms
(adj) fragile, permeable, submissive, agreeable.
direni resistance; synonyms (n) opposition,
direnme 1. resistance; synonyms (n) opposition,
agreement, obedience, susceptibility, 2. stand
(ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v)
endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop,
erect, hold, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal,
position; antonyms (v) sit, lie.
direnmek resist; synonyms (v) repel, rebel, defy,
revolt, endure, balk, combat, disobey, impede,
protest, refuse, reject, withstand, (n) oppose,
confront; antonyms (v) surrender, yield, assent.
diri 1. live (canl, oturmak, yaamak); synonyms
(v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell,
endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active, animate,
living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate, 2.
alive (canl); synonyms (adj) live, sensible,
vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware,
eager, acute, energetic, awake, extant, keen, quick,
intelligent; antonym (adj) deceased.
dirsek 1. elbow; synonyms (n) bend, cubitus, angle,
joint, (v) poke, jostle, nudge, push, shove, jolt,
crowd, hustle, 2. bend (bkme); synonyms (n)
bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, curvature, (v) curve,
turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect, fold;
antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. angle (a);
synonyms (n) hook, incline, view, aspect, cant,
corner, outlook, perspective, pitch, position,
viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish.
dirseklemek elbow (dirsek); synonyms (n) bend,
cubitus, angle, joint, (v) poke, jostle, nudge, push,
shove, jolt, crowd, hustle.
di tooth; synonyms (n) palate, grain, nap, saw,
stomach, tongue, liking, fiber, point, spicule, wire,
apophysis, bulb, (adj) nib, (v) bite.
d 1. outside; synonyms (adj) external, out, outdoor,

foreign, extraneous, outer, away, outward, remote,
slight, surface, distant, (adv) outdoors, alfresco, (n)
exterior; antonyms (prep) inside, in, (adj) indoor,
internal, (adv) indoors, 2. external; synonyms (adj)
outside, extrinsic, outlying, peripheral, superficial,
formal, exotic, objective; antonyms (adj) inner,
interior, domestic, inmost, 3. foreign; synonyms
(adj) alien, strange, oversea, adventitious,
outlandish, peregrine, unfamiliar, unknown,
different, imported, irrelevant, tramontane,
unusual; antonyms (adj) native, familiar, 4. outer;
synonym (adj) utter; antonym (adj) middle.
dar out; synonyms (adv) off, forward, beyond, forth,
aside, abroad, by, outwards, (v) reveal, (adj) away,
extinct, outside, absent, gone, outward; antonyms
(adv) in, (prep) inside.
darda 1. outside; synonyms (adj) external, out,
outdoor, foreign, extraneous, outer, away,
outward, remote, slight, surface, distant, (adv)
outdoors, alfresco, (n) exterior; antonyms (prep)
inside, in, (adj) indoor, internal, (adv) indoors, 2.
outdoor; synonyms (adj) outside, outlying, 3. out;
synonyms (adv) off, forward, beyond, forth, aside,
abroad, by, outwards, (v) reveal, disclose, discover,
impart, (adj) extinct, absent, gone.
dardaki outer; synonyms (adj) external, exterior,
outside, outward, extrinsic, outdoor, outlying,
peripheral, surface, utter; antonym (adj) middle.
darya out; synonyms (adv) off, forward, beyond,
forth, aside, abroad, by, outwards, (v) reveal, (adj)
away, extinct, outside, absent, gone, outward;
antonyms (adv) in, (prep) inside.
dii dentist; synonym (n) toothdrawer.
dii female; synonyms (adj) distaff, feminine, pistillate,
(n) lady, woman, girl, (obj) she; antonyms (adj)
masculine, (n) male, man.
dnda except; synonyms (conj) but, unless, (prep)
save, excepting, excluding, (v) exclude, demur,
omit, exempt, object, reserve, saving, (n) bar,
without, (adv) besides; antonym (v) include.
disiplin discipline; synonyms (n) chastisement,
correction, (v) control, castigate, chastise, train,
chasten, exercise, correct, drill, educate, practice,
breed, condition, cultivate.
disk 1. disc; synonyms (n) circle, disk, record, platter,
round, book, saucer, 2. disk; synonyms (n) disc,
discus, dial, diskette, face, wheel, dish.
disket floppy; synonyms (adj) flabby, flaccid,
drooping, loose, slack, soft, baggy, droopy, (n) limp,
diskette; antonyms (adj) stiff, taut.
dk stool (tabure); synonyms (n) chair, seat, bench,
dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form, movement,
throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper, lavatory.
disko disco; synonyms (n) discotheque, nightclub,
ball, cabaret, club, dance, nightspot, party, casino.
Turkish - English
diskotek disco; synonyms (n) discotheque, nightclub,
ball, cabaret, club, dance, nightspot, party, casino.
dlamak exclude; synonyms (v) banish, bar, eject,
except, expel, discharge, ban, debar, shut, disallow,
eliminate, forbid, omit, ostracize, (adj)
excommunicate; antonyms (v) include, incorporate,
admit, comprise, permit.
dilemek bite (srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit,
cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn,
eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch.
dili gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle,
apparatus, device, dress, baggage, belongings,
clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff,
(v) harness.
dsatm export (ihra etmek); synonyms (n)
exportation, business, buying, exchange, retail, (v)
import, trade, smuggle, market, port, sell, ship,
consign, dump, freight.
distorsiyon distortion (arpklk); synonyms (n)
aberration, contortion, deformation,
misrepresentation, exaggeration, corruption,
malformation, torture, twist, twisting, caricature,
(adj) deformity, (v) perversion.
divan 1. lounge; synonyms (n) couch, saunter, sofa,
bar, (v) loiter, loll, loaf, recline, rest, dawdle, linger,
relax, sprawl, bask, lie, 2. council; synonyms (n)
assembly, board, congress, consultation,
convention, convocation, diet, legislature, meeting,
cabinet, conclave.
diyagram diagram; synonyms (n) design, chart,
sketch, figure, graph, drawing, illustration, outline,
picture, plat, (adj) plan, (v) plot.
diyalog dialogue; synonyms (n) talk, colloquy,
conversation, interlocution, interview, chat,
conference, dialog, discussion, talks,
communication, duologue, speech, talking,
consultation.
diyanet religion (din); synonyms (n) piety, creed,
faith, cult, denomination, sect, church, devotion,
holiness, persuasion.
diyar land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country,
soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm,
state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop;
antonym (adj) aquatic.
diyet diet; synonyms (n) congress, convocation,
council, convention, nurture, food, assembly,
dieting, fare, nourishment, sustenance, synod,
cockpit, fast; antonyms (v) binge, (adj) fattening.
diyez sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute,
bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive,
intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent,
quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull,
mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive,
round, smooth.
diz knee; synonyms (n) elbow, genu, scythe, sickle,
zigzag, angle, hinge, junction, know, stifle.
129
dizayn design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n)

aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing,
arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v)
antonym (n) chance.
dize verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy,
stanza, strain, measure, song, clause, paragraph,
canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n)
prose.
dizey matrix (matris); synonyms (n) die, alembic,
caldron, crucible, groundmass, uterus, matter,
monotype, plasm, impression, mat, diagram, (v)
gangue, course, gang.
dizge system (sistem); synonyms (n) method,
arrangement, network, organization, plan, order,
means, structure, process, form, frame, rule,
establishment, mode, organisation.
dizgi 1. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain,
file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank,
series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 2.
composition; synonyms (n) arrangement,
organization.
dizi 1. string (ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file,
row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank,
series (seri); synonyms (n) collection, cycle, round,
serial, set, string, succession, rash, concatenation,
group, procession, suite, (v) course, order, (adj)
progression, 3. array; synonyms (n) arrangement,
garment, army, assortment, (v) attire, dress, adorn,
apparel, arrange, clothe, deck, display, garb,
ornament, align; antonym (v) disarray, 4. battery
(ak, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop, barrage,
company, mugging, onslaught, squad, violence,
regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, battalion,
bombardment, brigade, bully, 5. course (yn);
synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current,
path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class,
method, (v) chase, pour, 6. sequence (sra);
synonyms (n) consequence, episode, pattern,
continuity, effect, gradation, result, rotation, sequel,
train, battery, combination, 7. rank (sra);
synonyms (n) place, degree, quality, rate, post,
category, condition, (adj) putrid, luxuriant, bad, (v)
classify, grade, position, array, estimate; antonym
(adj) fresh, 8. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n)
area, compass, reach, scope, domain, distance,
extent, field, latitude, (v) roam, ramble, wander,
gad, dispose, go, 9. order (dzen, dzenlemek,
dictate, sort, charge, disposition, edict, injunction,
instruction, kind, form, (v) direct, commission, call,
ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion,
mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 10. serial;
130
Turkish - English
synonyms (adj) sequential, consecutive, recurrent,

sequent, successive, regular, nonparallel, (n)
periodical, 11. row; synonyms (n) altercation,
squabble, wrangle, clash, dispute, turmoil,
argument, (v) quarrel, brawl, fight, argue, bicker,
broil, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n) agreement, (v)
agree, 12. train (tren); synonyms (n) caravan, (v)
aim, coach, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame,
discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school,
domesticate, practice.
dizin 1. index (indeks); synonyms (n) catalogue,
exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll,
directory, subscript, enumeration, indication,
indicator, indices, mark, (v) list, 2. directory;
synonyms (n) record, handbook, guide, listing,
register.
dizisel serial; synonyms (adj) sequential, consecutive,
recurrent, sequent, successive, regular, nonparallel,
(n) periodical, series.
dizmek 1. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set,
deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange,
(adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 2. range (alan,
erim); synonyms (n) area, array, compass, reach,
scope, domain, (v) line, order, rank, roam, group,
ramble, wander, align, gad.
doa nature; synonyms (n) character, disposition,
class, essence, creation, quality, breed, attribute,
constitution, humor, manner, mettle, temperament,
type, (adj) kind.
doal 1. natural; synonyms (adj) inherent, innate,
artless, instinctive, unaffected, congenital, essential,
genuine, inborn, intrinsic, native, normal, crude,
ingenuous, naive; antonyms (adj) artificial, affected,
cultivated, false, refined, paranormal, supernatural,
unnatural, 2. free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr,
serbest, serbest brakmak); synonyms (adj) loose,
frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge,
excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit,
deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound,
restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned,
repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached,
busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 3. native; synonyms
(adj) natural, domestic, inbred, indigenous,
autochthonous, connatural, natal, pure, (n)
aboriginal, autochthon, citizen, inhabitant,
indigene, local, resident; antonyms (adj) foreign,
learned, (n) stranger, immigrant, imported.
doma birth (doum); synonyms (n) beginning,
ancestry, descent, extraction, genesis, parturition,
blood, labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, (v)
delivery, bear, deliver; antonym (n) death.
domak 1. rise (ykselmek); synonyms (n)
elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising,
advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase,
heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall,
decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire, 2.
arrive (varmak); synonyms (v) come, mature,
attain, land, reach, succeed, show, derive, emerge,

enter, get, happen, issue, prosper, (n) appear;
antonyms (v) leave, depart, go, 3. arise; synonyms
(v) rise, originate, proceed, result, awake,
commence, develop, emanate, ensue, follow, grow,
occur, spring, start, stem.
domu born; synonyms (v) deliver, (adj) native,
natural, elder, uneducated, untrained, untutored,
built-in, cognate, deep-seated, essential, instinctive,
intrinsic.
doramak 1. butcher (kasap); synonyms (n)
assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer,
slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v)
assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay,
2. saw (testere); synonyms (v) cut, (n) adage,
byword, proverb, dictum, maxim, saying,
aphorism, axiom, motto.
doru 1. accurate (tam); synonyms (adj) exact,
precise, correct, faithful, true, authentic, close,
detailed, literal, meticulous, nice, right, strict,
truthful, scientific; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, false,
wrong, 2. correct; synonyms (adj) accurate,
appropriate, becoming, proper, apt, (v) adjust,
amend, castigate, chastise, chasten, better, remedy,
straighten, atone, check; antonyms (adj) incorrect,
faulty, inappropriate, mistaken, improper, (v) spoil,
3. right (sa); synonyms (adj) due, just, decent,
good, even, perfect, fair, fit, reasonable, (n)
privilege, law, liberty, authority, claim, (v) rectify;
antonyms (adj) unjustified, immoral, (n) left, 4. true
(gerek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, honest,
straight, direct, sincere, factual, loyal, reliable,
veritable, rightful, substantial, sound, (v) square, (n)
genuine; antonyms (adj) bogus, untrue, 5. just;
synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply,
exclusively, (adj) equitable, impartial, barely,
righteous, upright, definite, clean, ethical,
evenhanded, honorable; antonyms (adj) unfair,
biased, 6. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) careful,
precision, clear, explicit, express, fine, minute, (v)
demand, require, command, ask, call, compel,
extort, impose; antonyms (adj) imprecise, vague,
approximate, inexact, 7. straight (dz);
synonyms (adv) level, directly, frankly, immediately,
openly, (adj) erect, flat, perpendicular, immediate,
consecutive, frank, neat, vertical, firsthand, plain;
antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved,
diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy,
knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous,
guarded, 8. honest (drst); synonyms (adj)
artless, candid, dependable, forthright, guileless,
heartfelt, straightforward, trustworthy, virtuous,
hearty, aboveboard, chaste, conscientious,
downright, moral; antonyms (adj) dishonest,
corrupt, lying, misleading, disloyal, unwholesome,
9. faithful; synonyms (adj) constant, devoted,
unfailing, devout, dutiful, fast, religious,
Turkish - English
responsible, steadfast, unwavering, tried, believing,
credible, pure, stalwart; antonyms (adj) unfaithful,
unreliable, 10. square (kare); synonyms (adj)
rectangular, quadrate, equal, (n) area, foursquare,
rectangle, quadrilateral, block, court, diamond, (v)
settle, agree, correspond, balance, conform, 11.
proper; synonyms (adj) agreeable, befitting,
decorous, fitting, legitimate, modest, suitable,
formal, individual, meet, peculiar, seemly, valid,
expedient, convenient; antonyms (adj) unseemly,
rude.
dorulama confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation,
approval, corroboration, ratification, sanction,
testimony, demonstration, agreement,
authentication, check, endorsement, evidence,
proof, substantiation, verification; antonym (n)
contradiction.
dorulamak confirm (onaylamak); synonyms (v)
affirm, approve, corroborate, establish, prove,
validate, verify, clinch, assert, assure, authenticate,
authorize, certify, demonstrate, justify; antonyms
(v) disprove, contradict.
dorultmak 1. direct (dolaysz, ynlendirmek);

synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim,
channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate,
head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command;
antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous,
oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v)
request, 2. right (doru, sa); synonyms (adj)
correct, appropriate, due, just, proper, decent,
good, even, perfect, accurate, exact, fair, faithful, fit,
(n) privilege; antonyms (adj) inappropriate,
unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong.
doruluk 1. accuracy; synonyms (n) fidelity,
precision, truth, exactitude, exactness, reliability,
care, closeness, correctness, faithfulness,
meticulousness, veracity; antonyms (n) inaccuracy,
vagueness, imprecision, 2. truth; synonyms (n)
reality, actuality, sincerity, fact, verity,
genuineness, accuracy, certainty, honesty,
authenticity, trueness, faith, uprightness, justice,
principle; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty,
fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 3. honesty
(drstlk); synonyms (n) candor, fairness,
integrity, candidness, equity, frankness, probity,
chastity, decency, honestness, morality, rectitude,
righteousness, goodness, honorableness; antonyms
(n) deceit, deception, deviousness, treachery,
wickedness, 4. integrity (btnlk); synonyms
(n) completeness, entireness, unity, constancy,
perfection, loyalty, totality, truthfulness, virtue,
whole, wholeness, character, impartiality, (adj)
honor, dignity, 5. justice (adalet); synonyms (n)
judge, right, judicature, jurist, justness, court,
reasonableness, umpire, law, magistrate, propriety,
(adj) just; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness, 6.
validity (geerlik); synonyms (n) force, authority,
131
legitimacy, soundness, cogency, effect, power,

effectiveness, vigor, credibility, hardness, rigor,
rigour, strength.
dorusal linear; synonyms (adj) lineal, rectilinear,
running, additive, analog, analogue, ancestral,
elongate, family, patriarchal, direct, straight,
delineated, elongated, functional.
dorusu indeed (gerekten); synonyms (adv)
possibly.
dou east; synonyms (n) orient, e, einsteinium,
tocopherol, (v) orientate.
doum 1. birth; synonyms (n) beginning, ancestry,
descent, extraction, genesis, parturition, blood,
labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, (v)
delivery, bear, deliver; antonym (n) death, 2.
delivery (teslim); synonyms (n) childbirth, birth,
consignment, discharge, rescue, communication,
confinement, deliverance, distribution, elocution,
issue, surrender, articulation, post, (v) address;
antonym (n) dispatch.
dourgan fertile (bereketli, verimli); synonyms
(adj) productive, fat, fecund, abundant, affluent,
antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile.
dourganlk fertility (verimlilik); synonyms (n)
fecundity, birthrate, productivity, affluence, uberty,
abundance, natality, plenty, prolificacy, richness;
antonyms (n) sterility, infertility.
dourma bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage,
demeanor, appearance, approach, aspect, attitude,
conduct, deportment, direction, manner, respect,
air, aim, behavior, comportment.
dourmak 1. generate (retmek); synonyms (v)
breed, develop, bear, beget, cause, engender, get,
provoke, create, father, produce, raise, reproduce,
yield, make, 2. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race,
variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, posterity,
progeny, (v) multiply, brood, cultivate, hatch,
propagate, 3. bear (ay, tamak); synonyms (v)
carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford,
allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport,
conduct, convey, 4. cause (neden); synonyms (n)
case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign,
excuse, lawsuit, (v) do, induce, arouse, bring,
inspire, let, motivate; antonym (n) consequence.
dourtmak deliver; synonyms (v) consign, bear,
carry, rescue, save, abandon, bring, liberate,
pronounce, render, return, send, utter, drop,
acquit.
dou 1. birth (doum); synonyms (n) beginning,
ancestry, descent, extraction, genesis, parturition,
blood, labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, (v)
delivery, bear, deliver; antonym (n) death, 2. rise
132
Turkish - English
(ykselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent,

progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v)
climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump;
antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop,
sink, descend, plummet, retire.
doutan 1. naturally; synonyms (adv) course,
innately, obviously, spontaneously, unaffectedly,
openly, (int) certainly; antonyms (adv) unnaturally,
artificially, 2. natural (doal); synonyms (adj)
inherent, innate, artless, instinctive, unaffected,
congenital, essential, genuine, inborn, intrinsic,
native, normal, crude, ingenuous, naive; antonyms
(adj) artificial, affected, cultivated, false, refined,
paranormal, supernatural, unnatural.
dok dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor,
pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage, (v) clip,
cut, pare, curtail, deprive; antonym (v) undock.
dkme casting; synonyms (n) cast, molding, pouring,
air, appearence, border, feeding, manufacturing,
contrivance, direction, four, glance, lift, look, mien.
dkmek 1. empty (bo, boaltmak); synonyms (adj)
discharge, hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren,
abandoned, deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete,
desolate, pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded,
fill, 2. pour; synonyms (v) gush, shed, decant,
flow, pelt, scatter, stream, emit, jet, run, teem,
effuse, deluge, (n) overflow, rain; antonym (v)
drizzle, 3. shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop,
moult, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, fling,
radiate, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth, hovel.
doksan ninety; synonym (n) xc.
doktor doctor; synonyms (n) physician, doc, medico,
(v) cure, adulterate, attend, fix, heal, mend, remedy,
repair, cook, debase, falsify, leech; antonym (v)
break.
doktrin doctrine; synonyms (n) creed, belief, credo,
dogma, philosophy, conviction, lesson, canon,
faith, gospel, ism, principle, school, tenet.
doku 1. texture; synonyms (n) structure, grain, fabric,
constitution, tissue, weave, web, woof, (v) finish,
make, 2. tissue; synonyms (n) texture, lump, heap,
cobweb, congeries, film, lace, pile, rouleau, (adj)
mass, bulk.
dklme fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)
ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent.
dklmek 1. pour; synonyms (v) gush, shed, decant,
flow, pelt, scatter, stream, discharge, emit, jet, run,
spill, teem, (n) overflow, rain; antonym (v) drizzle,
2. fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)
decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, diminish,
dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall,
plunge, pitch, cascade; antonyms (v) rise, increase,

ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 3. empty
(bo, boaltmak); synonyms (adj) hollow,
destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned, deserted,
vain, airy, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate, pour,
void; antonyms (adj) full, crowded, meaningful,
packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming,
cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill.
dkm 1. casting; synonyms (n) cast, molding,
pouring, air, appearence, border, feeding,
manufacturing, contrivance, direction, four, glance,
lift, look, mien, 2. cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms
(v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape,
chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance,
casting, mold.
dokuma 1. textile; synonyms (n) material, cloth,
fabric, stuff, tapestry, drapery, 2. web; synonyms
(n) mesh, network, tissue, lattice, texture, blade,
entanglement, maze, film, cobweb, complication,
grain, labyrinth, (v) net, plexus.
dokmantasyon documentation; synonyms (n)
proof, record, certificate, certification,
corroboration, credential, credentials, evidence.
dkmc founder; synonyms (n) laminitis, patriarch,
author, beginner, creator, father, inventor,
originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop, collapse,
crumple, break.
dkmclk cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms (v) hurl,
throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck,
casting, mold.
dokunakl 1. moving; synonyms (adj) active,
affecting, emotional, exciting, impressive, mobile,
pitiful, poignant, touching, inspiring, movable, (n)
movement, transport, advance, transfer; antonyms
(adj) motionless, still, depressing, stationary,
unemotional, 2. pathetic; synonyms (adj)
deplorable, miserable, sad, wretched, forlorn,
lamentable, tragic, distressing, piteous, poor,
woeful, grievous, moving, abject, measly; antonym
(adj) brave.
dokundurmak hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) clue,
intimation, suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling,
imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone.
dokunma 1. touch (dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel,
adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern,
handle, 2. feeling (duygu); synonyms (n)
affection, passion, emotion, atmosphere, belief,
hunch, impression, intuition, mood, opinion, sense,
sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm, excitement;
antonyms (n) numbness, indifference, 3. contact
(temas); synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision,
communication, link, impact, tangency,
acquaintance, interaction, (v) call, meet,
communicate, reach, butt, join, 4. handling;
Turkish - English
synonyms (n) manipulation, treatment,
administration, management, conduct, running,
use.
dokunmak 1. touch (dokunma); synonyms (n) feel,
adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern,
handle, 2. affect; synonyms (v) touch, move, act,
fake, feign, impress, pretend, dispose, dissemble,
influence, involve, lead, pertain, sham, (n)
sentiment, 3. contact (temas); synonyms (n)
tangency, acquaintance, interaction, juxtaposition,
(v) call, meet, communicate, reach, butt, join, 4. feel
(hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience, sense,
consider, finger, believe, deem, endure, find, hold,
perceive, (n) atmosphere, sound, texture, air,
impression; antonym (v) observe, 5. handle
(kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct,
wield, control, deal, direct, manage, manipulate,
treat, govern, cope, grope, (n) grip, clutch, grasp.
dknt 1. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject, decline,
disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, (n)
garbage, trash, waste, offal, debris, litter, leavings;
antonym (v) accept, 2. litter; synonyms (n) brood,
bedding, stretcher, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish,
issue, breed, scrap, (v) clutter, scatter, (adj) jumble,
disarray, huddle, 3. waste; synonyms (n) desert,
damage, dissipation, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v)
consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage,
destruction, devastate, dissipate, languish;
antonyms (v) conserve, save, 4. scrap; synonyms
(n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash,
end, piece, remainder, conflict, crumb, (v) quarrel,
row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep.
dokunulabilir tangible; synonyms (adj) material,
substantial, actual, concrete, real, palpable,
perceptible, physical, evident, corporeal, definite,
sensible, genuine, adequate, (n) applicable;
antonym (adj) intangible.
dokunulmam intact; synonyms (adj) complete, full,
entire, whole, integral, perfect, unbroken,
undamaged, uninjured, untouched, sound,
inviolate, pure, safe, total; antonym (adj) broken.
dokunulmazlk immunity; synonyms (n) exemption,
vulnerability.
dokunu touch (dokunma, dokunmak);

synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect,
contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard,
brush, concern, handle.
dokuz nine; synonyms (n) niner, club, ennead, ace,
cabaret, clubhouse, gild, golfclub, guild, jack, king,
knave, lodge, nightclub, nightspot.
dokuzuncu ninth; synonym (adj) ninefold.
133
dl 1. offspring; synonyms (n) issue, progeny, brood,

children, family, child, descendant, descendants,
lineage, posterity, race, seed, (v) breed, fruit,
generation, 2. seed (tohum); synonyms (n) germ,
root, offspring, origin, nucleus, embryo, source,
beginning, berry, core, cum, (v) inseminate, plant,
sow, (adj) crumb.
dolamak 1. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit,
fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv)
compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose,
beset, 2. wind (Rzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n)
air, gust, clue, (v) twist, curl, meander, turn, bend,
curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave.
dolambal 1. circular; synonyms (adj) round,
annular, circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund,
rounded, spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill,
square, 2. indirect (dolayl); synonyms (adj)
circuitous, collateral, incidental, crooked, devious,
oblique, roundabout, secondary, side, tortuous,
winding, disingenuous, obscure, backhanded,
implied; antonyms (adj) direct, overt.
dolandrc fraud; synonyms (n) cheat, deceit,
duplicity, counterfeit, deception, dishonesty, fake,
sham, falsehood, cheating, con, faker, impostor,
swindle, trick; antonym (n) honesty.
dolandrclk fraud; synonyms (n) cheat, deceit,
duplicity, counterfeit, deception, dishonesty, fake,
sham, falsehood, cheating, con, faker, impostor,
swindle, trick; antonym (n) honesty.
dolanmak wind (Rzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n)
air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend,
dolap 1. cabinet (bakanlar kurulu, kabine);

synonyms (n) case, closet, locker, press, cupboard,
chamber, console, sideboard, board, council, 2.
cupboard; synonyms (n) cabinet, buffet,
commode, compartment, cranny, cub, nook,
clothespress, cubicle, davenport, 3. trick
(aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit, deception, joke,
prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat,
deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile, 4. sell
(satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle,
betray, give, promote, exchange, merchandise,
realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, pass, deliver;
antonym (v) buy, 5. scheme (proje); synonyms (n)
contrivance, dodge, arrangement, diagram,
method, project, schedule, conspiracy, (v) plan, plot,
design, intrigue, devise, conspire, contrive.
dolar dollar; synonyms (n) buck, greenback, note, bill,
clam, dime, disme, nickel, quarter, ace, bone,
certificate, cucumber, fish, frog.
dolam circulation; synonyms (n) dissemination,
diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery,
dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation,
round, spread, spreading, turn, airing.
134
Turkish - English
dolama 1. circuit (evrim, devre); synonyms (n)

beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop,
perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour,
trip, journey, 2. navigation; synonyms (n)
guidance, sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping,
travel, flight, aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage,
piloting, routing, sailplaning, soaring.
dolamak 1. flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n)
flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream,
course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall,
gush, pour, 2. circuit (evrim, devre); synonyms
(n) beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district,
loop, perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle,
tour, trip, journey, 3. tour; synonyms (n) circuit,
jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble,
tramp, turn, walk, spell, (v) expedition, travel, ride,
visit.
dolayl indirect; synonyms (adj) circuitous, collateral,
incidental, crooked, devious, oblique, roundabout,
secondary, side, tortuous, winding, disingenuous,
obscure, backhanded, implied; antonyms (adj)
direct, overt.
dolaysz direct (ynlendirmek); synonyms (adj)
straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel,
second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request.
doldurma 1. filling; synonyms (n) fill, filler, weft,
contents, loading, plug, pad, impletion, padding,
stuffing, wadding, woof, 2. fill (doldurmak);
synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff,
accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram,
flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty,
free.
doldurmak 1. fill; synonyms (v) block, clog, charge,
line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim,
close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling;
antonyms (v) empty, free, 2. crowd; synonyms (n)
huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle,
cluster, army, assembly, concourse, congregation,
(v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress; antonym (v)
disperse, 3. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment,
digs, wadding, dwelling, (v) inflate, expand,
bolster, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider,
magnify, enlarge, extend, 4. load (yk,
yklemek); synonyms (n) cargo, freight, stack,
heap, pack, weight, consignment, lading, shipment,
(v) burden, fill, encumber, pile, lade, stow; antonym
(v) unload, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation,
care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal,
assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign,
assault; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 6.
store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak,

emporium, reserve, supply, (v) stock, accumulate,
garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 7.
stuff; synonyms (n) material, cloth, force, gear,

matter, goods, substance, fabric, (v) jam, pad, ram,
glut, gorge, shove, (adj) rubbish; antonym (v)
unstuff.
dolgu 1. filling; synonyms (n) fill, filler, weft,
stuffing, wadding, woof, 2. fill (doldurmak);
free, 3. core (ekirdek, gbek); synonyms (n)
bosom, center, essence, gist, heart, kernel, marrow,
quintessence, stone, mind, base, burden, centre,
crux, focus; antonym (adj) minor.
dolgun fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
dolmak fill (doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog,
charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete,
brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling;
antonyms (v) empty, free.
dolmakalem pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage,
inclose.
dolu 1. full; synonyms (adj) complete, absolute,
abundant, broad, flush, ample, enough, extensive,
total, detailed, comprehensive, copious, good, (n)
entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking,
starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, 2. loaded
(ykl); synonyms (adj) laden, full, burdened,
moneyed, wealthy, affluent, rich, tight, tipsy,
intoxicated, heavy, pixilated, plastered, soused,
wet; antonym (adj) poor, 3. solid (kat); synonyms
(adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real,
strong, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast,
hearty, material, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft,
unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny,
transparent, watery, (n) liquid.
dolumak crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm,
collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army,
assembly, concourse, congregation, (v) bunch, flock,
squeeze, compress; antonym (v) disperse.
domates tomato; synonyms (n) cranberry, female,
girl, prostitute, woman.
domuz 1. pig; synonyms (n) hog, boar, bull, cop,
copper, fuzz, glutton, grunter, (v) farrow, devour,
gulp, guttle, 2. pork; synonyms (n) porc, beef,
chicken, ham, lamb, mutton, veal, venison.
don frost (ayaz); synonyms (n) cold, freeze, freezing,
rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice.
donanm 1. hardware; synonyms (n) ironmongery,
ironware, gun, armament, medal, gem, jewel,
jewelry, trinket, accouterments, appliances,
fasteners, fittings, fixtures, housewares, 2. gear;
Turkish - English
synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus,
device, dress, baggage, belongings, clothing,
cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, (v)
harness.
donanma 1. fleet; synonyms (n) armada, float,
marine, (adj) swift, fast, expeditious, agile, quick,
brisk, rapid, speedy, hasty, (v) flit, fly, hurry, 2.
navy; synonyms (n) fleet, flotilla, blue, army,
military, services, convoy, (adj) azure, cobalt,
cerulean, indigo, sapphire.
donat equipment (donatm); synonyms (n)
material, apparatus, facility, gear, outfit,
furnishings, apparel, accoutrements, baggage,
goods, belongings, device, kit, stuff, (v) furniture.
donatm equipment; synonyms (n) material,
apparatus, facility, gear, outfit, furnishings,
apparel, accoutrements, baggage, goods,
belongings, device, kit, stuff, (v) furniture.
donatmak 1. deck (deste); synonyms (v) adorn,
beautify, clothe, embellish, floor, array, bedeck,
ornament, attire, bedight, decorate, dress, garnish,
grace, trim, 2. outfit; synonyms (n) garb, gear, kit,
apparel, clothing, company, costume, ensemble,
rig, pack, clothes, (v) equipment, equip, fit, furnish.
dondurma 1. ice (buz); synonyms (n) frosting, glass,
hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe, rime, (v) frost,
cool, refrigerate, fan, 2. freezing; synonyms (adj)
cold, icy, arctic, chilly, frosty, bitter, frigid, chill,
frozen, gelid, wintry, polar, (v) glacial, (n) freeze,
congelation; antonyms (adj) boiling, hot, sweltering,
red-hot, warm.
dondurmak ice (buz, dondurma); synonyms (n)
frosting, glass, hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe,
rime, (v) frost, cool, refrigerate, fan.
dndrmek 1. spin; synonyms (n) turn, twirl, whirl,
revolution, roll, ride, eddy, (v) revolve, twist, run,
drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent, 2. turn
(dnmek, dn); synonyms (v) deviate, get,
spin, (n) bend, curve, coil, go, bout, change, round,
bent, circle, shift, tour, curl, 3. wheel (ark,
Teker, tekerlek); synonyms (n) cycle, bicycle,
gear, handwheel, rack, loop, orb, boot, (v) bike,
trundle, rotate, pivot, gyre, swing, double.
dondurucu freezing; synonyms (adj) cold, icy, arctic,
chilly, frosty, bitter, frigid, chill, cool, frozen, gelid,
wintry, (v) glacial, (n) freeze, congelation; antonyms
(adj) boiling, hot, sweltering, red-hot, warm.
dnek 1. rat (san); synonyms (n) grass, informer,
apostate, betrayer, scab, renegade, (v) blackleg,
denounce, betray, peach, sing, apostatize, squeal,
defect, inform, 2. volatile (uucu); synonyms (adj)
changeable, erratic, frivolous, unstable, mercurial,
giddy, capricious, flighty, variable, inconstant,
excitable, unsteady, airy, light, (v) fickle; antonym
(adj) stable.
135
dnem 1. period (devir, nokta); synonyms (n) age,

stage, time, 2. term (terim); synonyms (n) name,
expression, period, style, title, boundary, limit,
spell, stipulation, phrase, tenure, appellation, (v)
call, designate, entitle, 3. era (a); synonym (n)
date.
dneme 1. curve (eri, kavis); synonyms (n) bend,
crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v)
curl, turn, arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex, 2.
bend (bkme); synonyms (n) elbow, twist, angle,
bending, buckle, (v) curve, crouch, stoop, deflect,
fold, loop, swerve, contort, cower, deform;
antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. turning;
synonyms (adj) revolving, rotating, rotary, spinning,
wheeling, winding, (n) revolution, deviation,
conversion, diversion, version, 4. wind (Rzgar,
sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, clue, gale,
intimation, suggestion, breath, (v) coil, meander,
twine, blow, entwine, roll, weave, spiral.
dnge circle (daire); synonyms (n) round,
association, band, compass, ring, field, range, beat,
circuit, company, gang, scope, (v) turn, whirl,
encircle.
dng loop; synonyms (n) coil, ring, bight, circuit,
eyelet, eye, kink, noose, round, (v) curve, bend,
circle, curl, entwine, knot.
donma freezing; synonyms (adj) cold, icy, arctic,
chilly, frosty, bitter, frigid, chill, cool, frozen, gelid,
wintry, (v) glacial, (n) freeze, congelation; antonyms
(adj) boiling, hot, sweltering, red-hot, warm.
dnme 1. rotation; synonyms (n) revolution,
gyration, roll, round, turn, circulation, curl, cycle,
wheel, orbit, sequence, bout, 2. convert
(dntrmek); synonyms (v) alter, change,
switch, transform, become, replace, (n) proselyte,
neophyte, (adj) believer, 3. revolution (devrim);
synonyms (n) insurrection, mutiny, rebellion,
revolt, rotation, alteration, coup, circle, spin,
upheaval, uprising, vicissitude, innovation, (v)
circuit, (adj) disturbance, 4. turning; synonyms (adj)
revolving, rotating, rotary, spinning, wheeling,
winding, (n) bend, deviation, conversion, diversion,
version.
dnmek 1. return (dn); synonyms (n) yield, pay,
recompense, refund, restitution, proceeds, income,
(v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration,
restore, retort, answer; antonyms (n) departure,
abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 2. turn
(dn); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get,
revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout,
change, round, bent, circle, 3. spin
(dndrmek); synonyms (n) turn, twirl, whirl,
ride, eddy, (v) run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate,
136
Turkish - English
invent, narrate, pivot, recite, recount, 4. round

(Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj)
circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, fat, (n)
ring, beat, circuit, cycle, orbit, (v) compass, gird;
antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 5. wheel (ark, Teker,
tekerlek); synonyms (n) bicycle, gear, handwheel,
rack, loop, orb, boot, eye, (v) bike, spin, trundle,
rotate, gyre, swing, double.
dnmez steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure,
constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool,
incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm,
regular; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly,
donmu frozen; synonyms (adj) cold, frosty, arctic,
frigid, glacial, wintry, freezing, icy, stiff, congealed,
chilled, chilly, gelid, iced, set; antonyms (adj) hot,
moving.
donuk 1. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense,
dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark,
dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen;
antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, exciting,
interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing,
exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, highpitched, intense, luminous, 2. dim; synonyms (adj)
obscure, dull, bleak, faint, gloomy, indistinct,
misty, opaque, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish,
blear, blind; antonyms (adj) brilliant, intelligent,
clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 3. flat (dz);
synonyms (adj) even, plain, insipid, level, plane,
tasteless, absolute, dead, downright, equal, fixed,
lifeless, monotonous, (n) apartment, (v)
uninteresting; antonym (adj) bumpy, 4. faint
(baylmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dizzy, feeble,
weak, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, drop, (v)
languish, swoon, droop, conk, exhausted;
antonyms (adj) distinct, obvious, considerable, loud,
pungent, 5. dead (lm, l); synonyms (adj)
defunct, inanimate, breathless, deceased, extinct,
fallen, flat, gone, idle, numb, vapid, out, lost, (adv)
right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n)
living.
donuklatrmak 1. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt,
dense, dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy,
cold, dark, dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden,
dampen; antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp,
exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating,
amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing,
high-pitched, intense, luminous, 2. dim;
synonyms (adj) obscure, dull, bleak, faint, gloomy,
indistinct, misty, opaque, (v) blur, darken, cloud,
pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) brilliant,
intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten.
dn 1. turn (dnmek); synonyms (v) revolve,
deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil,
go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle, 2.
return (dnmek); synonyms (n) yield, pay,

abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 3.
rotation (dnme); synonyms (n) gyration, turn,
circulation, curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence, 4.
facing; synonyms (n) face, revetment, cladding,
coating, lining, veneer, front, insert, (prep) opposite,
against, before, (adj) fronting, diametric, 5.
turning; synonyms (adj) revolving, rotating, rotary,
spinning, wheeling, winding, (n) deviation,
conversion, diversion, version.
dnme conversion (evirme, dntrme);

synonyms (n) alteration, change, changeover,
adaptation, exchange, transformation, adjustment,
amendment, modification, passage, shift, transfer,
transition, version, (adj) salvation.
dnmek 1. convert (dntrmek); synonyms
(v) alter, change, adapt, reform, commute, invert,
exchange, modify, switch, transform, turn, become,
(n) proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 2. turn
(dnmek, dn); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate,
get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist,
bout, round, bent, circle, shift.
dntrme conversion (evirme); synonyms (n)
alteration, change, changeover, adaptation,
exchange, transformation, adjustment, amendment,
modification, passage, shift, transfer, transition,
version, (adj) salvation.
dntrmek 1. convert; synonyms (v) alter, change,
switch, transform, turn, become, (n) proselyte,
neophyte, (adj) believer, 2. transform; synonyms
(v) convert, metamorphose, translate, transfigure,
transmute, process, vary, transmogrify, affect,
interpret, mold, shape, transpose, 3. turn
bout, round, bent, circle, shift.
dnm transformation; synonyms (n) conversion,
alteration, metamorphosis, change, shift, mutation,
metabolism, modification, translation,
transmutation, improvement, rectification,
transmogrification, version.
drdl square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even,
rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n) area,
foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree,
correspond, (adv) just.
drdnc fourth; synonyms (n) quarter, quartern,
second, third, poop, stern, tail, (adv) fourthly, (adj)
quaternary, quaternate.
drt four; synonyms (n) quaternity, foursome,
quadruplet, quaternary, quaternion, tetrad, quarter,
square, ace, air, appearence, cast, casting,
contrivance, direction.
doruk 1. peak (zirve); synonyms (n) crest,
maximum, top, acme, apex, crown, pinnacle,
climax, extreme, head, height, mountain, prime,
Turkish - English
summit, tip; antonyms (n) nadir, base, trough, 2.
height (ykseklik, zirve); synonyms (n) altitude,
culmination, peak, degree, elevation, eminence,
grade, high, level, zenith, extent, length, measure,
pitch, size; antonym (n) shortness, 3. summit
(zirve); synonyms (n) point, vertex, heyday, cover,
meeting, 4. crest; synonyms (n) brow, hilltop,
upside, edge, device, emblem, heraldry, ridge,
badge, insignia, (v) cap, (adj) panache, plume, crag,
5. climax; synonyms (n) orgasm, meridian,
extremity, apogee, finish, finale, crisis, end,
highlight, (v) culminate; antonym (v) dip, 6. top
(st); synonyms (adj) superlative, supreme, (n)
surface, covering, lid, lead, pate, (v) best, exceed,
outdo, surpass, beat, better, excel, pass; antonyms
(adj) worst, (n) bottom, 7. sum (toplam);
synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, mass, count,
join, kernel, (v) amount, aggregate, figure, number,
add, resume, compute, (adj) all.
dosdoru straight (dz); synonyms (adv) level, right,
directly, (adj) erect, honest, even, flat, upright, fair,
correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate, (v)
direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved,
guarded.
deme floor (taban, zemin); synonyms (n) bed,
level, base, layer, bottom, flooring, ground,
platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun,
baffle; antonym (n) top.
dost 1. friend (ahbap, arkada); synonyms (n)
2. ally; synonyms (n) confederate, accomplice,
friend, partner, accessory, adherent, auxiliary, (v)
affiliate, align, support, band, connect, league,
marry, (adj) coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary,
opponent, 3. fellow (adam); synonyms (n) boy,
equal, brother, chap, compeer, peer, dude, dog,
counterpart, escort, beau, blighter, boyfriend,
confrere, (v) concomitant, 4. lover; synonyms (n)
dear, darling, devotee, fan, admirer, buff, love,
beloved, amorist, man, pet, sweetheart, gallant,
enthusiast, follower, 5. pal; synonyms (n) chum,
sidekick, confidant, intimate, (v) consort, 6. love
(ak, sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n)
desire, affection, fondness, liking, benevolence,
charity, attachment, devotion, honey, favor, (v)
cherish, enjoy, like, worship, (adj) flame; antonyms
abhor.
dosta friendly; synonyms (adj) amiable, favorable,
affectionate, amicable, benevolent, companionable,
convivial, decent, good-natured, kind, complaisant,
approachable, accommodating, affable, close;
137
antonyms (adj) hostile, unfriendly, aggressive, aloof,

disagreeable, distant, formal, bad-tempered,
belligerent, curt, frosty, reserved.
dostluk 1. friendship; synonyms (n) fellowship,
association, affection, familiarity, amity,
companionship, company, friendliness, intimacy,
attachment, concord, comradeship, love,
relationship, acquaintance; antonyms (n) enmity,
hostility, 2. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix,
accessory, addition, adherence, regard, appendage,
bond, connection, devotion, fitting, fondness,
liking, link, tie, annex; antonym (n) detachment, 3.
society; synonyms (n) club, institution, public,
community, corporation, fraternity, circle, people,
commonwealth, group, guild, order, partnership,
brotherhood, folk.
dosya 1. file; synonyms (n) archive, document, list,
procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v)
order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange, 2.
record (kaydetmek, kayt, plak); synonyms (n)
account, book, disk, history, deed, disc, (v)
chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe,
mark, enrol.
dosyalamak file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive,
document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series,
string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade,
arrange.
dvme 1. battery (ak, batarya, pil); synonyms (n)
troop, army, barrage, company, collection,
mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence,
group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, 2.
beating; synonyms (n) reverse, beat, defeat,
thrashing, whipping, battery, battering, debacle,
drubbing, hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse,
rout, (adj) pulsing; antonym (n) victory.
dvmek 1. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate,
lose, 2. pound; synonyms (n) cage, fold, (v) beat,
pen, bang, crush, grind, hammer, maul, palpitate,
mash, buffet, grate, bruise, ram.
dvlm beaten; synonyms (v) beat, (adj) battered,
overpowered, conquered, routed, overcome;
antonym (adj) victorious.
dv fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest, quarrel,
feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash, contend, (n)
battle, dispute, engagement, conflict, contention,
(adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal.
dvmek 1. fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest,
quarrel, feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash,
contend, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, conflict,
contention, (adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat,
withdrawal, 2. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel,
remnant, bit, chip, end, junk, piece, remainder,
crumb, fleck, (v) row, discard, reject, (adj) fragment;
antonym (v) keep.
138
Turkish - English
doyum satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure,
ddk whistle (slk almak); synonyms (n)
amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy,

reparation, atonement, compensation, delight,
discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment,
gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction,
displeasure, aggravation, discontent.
doyumsuzluk dissatisfaction; synonyms (n)
displeasure, disappointment, disaffection, dislike,
discontent, distaste, disquiet, disapproval,
disapprobation, regret, aversion, disfavor,
disinclination, ennui; antonyms (n) satisfaction,
contentment.
doyurmak 1. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms
(v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, persuade,
sate, satiate, appease, answer, assuage, convince,
delight, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy,
disappoint, displease, intensify, 2. fill
(doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog, charge,
line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim,
close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling;
antonyms (v) empty, free.
doyurucu 1. filling; synonyms (n) fill, filler, weft,
stuffing, wadding, woof, 2. satisfying; synonyms
(adj) pleasing, satisfactory, enjoyable, gratifying,
pleasant, comforting, delightful, good, hearty,
pleasurable, welcome, agreeable, comfortable,
substantial, appreciated; antonyms (adj) unpleasant,
unrewarding.
doz dose; synonyms (n) potion, dosage, draught,
medicine, share, batch, doctor, allotment, measure,
portion, shot, contingent, dividend, pill, (v) drug.
dram drama; synonyms (n) play, show, tragedy,
performance, spectacle, theater.
drama drama; synonyms (n) play, show, tragedy,
performance, spectacle, theater.
dramatik dramatic; synonyms (adj) spectacular,
theatrical, impressive, scenic, exciting, sensational,
striking, sudden, thespian; antonyms (adj) gradual,
undramatic.
drenaj drainage; synonyms (n) drain, drive,
emanation, tapping, hydrography, (adj) arefaction,
dephlegmation.
dua prayer; synonyms (n) petition, invocation,
appeal, entreaty, plea, orison, request, suit, litany,
devotion, asking, supplication, blessing, demand,
supplicant.
duble double (ift, ifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate,
dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend,
substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single.
dudak lip; synonyms (n) border, brim, cheek, edge,
impertinence, mouth, rim, brink, verge, flange,
impudence, backtalk, effrontery, insolence,
circumference.
whistling, pennywhistle, (v) pipe, sing, twitter, hiss,

cry, warble, cheep, tweet, chirp, wheeze.
dme button; synonyms (n) knop, buckle, bud,
clasp, fastening, key, push, (v) knob, fasten, (adj) pin,
tie.
dmelemek button (dme); synonyms (n) knop,
buckle, bud, clasp, fastening, key, push, (v) knob,
fasten, (adj) pin, tie.
dm 1. node (boum); synonyms (n) knob,
connection, joint, knot, nodosity, nub, swelling,
client, guest, 2. knot; synonyms (n) bow, cluster,
tie, loop, bunch, gang, lump, tangle, band, burl,
crowd, (v) entangle, knit, bind, fasten, 3. tie
(balamak, kravat); synonyms (n) draw, lace,
association, relationship, sleeper, strap, string,
cord, deadlock, (v) link, bond, attach, join, connect,
leash; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo, 4.
twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl,
dmlemek 1. knot; synonyms (n) bow, cluster, tie,
loop, bunch, gang, joint, lump, tangle, band, burl,
(v) entangle, knit, bind, fasten, 2. tie (balamak,
kravat); synonyms (n) connection, draw, lace,
association, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, (v)
link, bond, attach, join, knot, connect, leash;
antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo.
dn wedding; synonyms (n) marriage, matrimony,
nuptial, nuptials, wedlock, (adj) bridal, matrimonial;
antonym (n) divorce.
dk duke; synonyms (n) prince, hand, chief, leader, (v)
pass, box, deliver.
Dkkan store (ambar, depo, depolamak,

saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop,
market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v)
stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache,
keep, preserve.
dkkn 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak,

keep, preserve, 2. shop; synonyms (n) store,
factory, plant, workshop, house, outlet, workplace,
(v) betray, purchase, grass, browse, denounce,
frequent, patronize, peach.
duman 1. smoke; synonyms (n) fumes, fog, mist,
perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek,
fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj)
smudge, 2. mist; synonyms (n) cloud, haze, vapor,
brume, film, smoke, steam, (v) blur, befog, cover,
obscure, drizzle, bedim, becloud, hide, 3. fog (sis);
synonyms (n) confusion, daze, damp, cloudiness,
fogginess, fogging, muddle, murk, (v) confuse, dim,
darken.
Turkish - English
139
dmdz 1. straight (dz); synonyms (adv) level,
remain, sleep, ease, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym
right, directly, (adj) erect, honest, even, flat, upright,

fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate,
(v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly,
curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent,
curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous,
guarded, 2. plane (planya, uak); synonyms (n)
airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage,
surface, jet, craft, facet, (v) flatten, shave, (adj)
horizontal, smooth, flush.
dn yesterday; synonyms (n) past, history, bygone,
foretime, (adj) pass, stale; antonym (n) tomorrow.
dnrlk alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n)
nonalignment.
dnya 1. earth (toprak, yer, yeryz); synonyms
(n) dirt, world, dust, ground, land, clay, lair,
creation, ball, country, den, globe, hole, nature, orb,
2. world; synonyms (n) cosmos, universe, public,
sphere, society, realm, humanity, life, macrocosm,
mankind, people, existence, folk, (adj) global,
power.
dnyevi secular (laik); synonyms (adj) profane, lay,
worldly, earthly, laic, temporal, terrestrial, (n)
layman, (v) centennial; antonyms (adj) holy,
religious, spiritual.
dpedz sheer; synonyms (adj) absolute, pure, mere,
entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick.
(v) work.
Dur 1. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma,

interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check,
end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start,
begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. halt
(durma, durmak); synonyms (n) cessation,
suspension, standstill, deadlock, (v) stop, limp,
desist, discontinue, pause, freeze, break, waver,
brake, finish, (adj) flag.
durak 1. stop (durdurmak, durma, durmak);

synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt,
obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end,
arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start,
begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. station
(istasyon); synonyms (n) rank, position, seat,
standing, base, depot, office, (v) place, locate, post,
lay, order, put, set, site, 3. stand (ayakta
durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall,
undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, abide,
accept, bear, (n) attitude, booth, rack, pedestal;
antonyms (v) sit, lie, 4. rest (dinlenme);
duraklama pause (duraklamak); synonyms (n)

break, intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval,
respite, stop, breather, (v) halt, adjournment, delay,
hesitate, desist, (adj) discontinue; antonyms (n)
decisiveness, (v) continue.
duraklamak pause; synonyms (n) break,
intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval,
Duraklat pause (duraklamak); synonyms (n) break,
intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval,
duraksama hesitation; synonyms (n) hesitance,
faltering, delay, hesitate, diffidence, hesitancy,
indecision, misgiving, pause, qualm, reluctance, (v)
doubt, falter, fear, hesitating; antonyms (n)
certainty, persuasiveness.
dural static (duruk, statik); synonyms (adj)
immobile, inactive, motionless, inert, still, stagnant,
fixed, stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, quiet,
rigid, lifeless, (n) atmospherics; antonym (adj)
moving.
drbn binoculars; synonyms (n) binocular,
spyglass.
Durdur stop (durak, durdurmak, durma,

interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check,
end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start,
begin, encourage, permit, prolong.
durdurma 1. arrest; synonyms (n) stop, check, halt,
apprehension, custody, hold, detention, (v) capture,
catch, apprehend, collar, delay, detain, get, hinder;
antonyms (v) release, discharge, 2. stop (durak,
stand, block, close, interrupt, obstruct, plug,
disrupt, dwell, finish, (n) stay, end, arrest, bar,
cease, curb; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin,
encourage, permit, prolong.
durdurmak 1. stop (durak, durma, durmak);

begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. arrest;
synonyms (n) stop, apprehension, custody,
detention, standstill, (v) capture, catch, apprehend,
collar, detain, get, hinder, inhibit, nail, retard;
antonyms (v) release, discharge, 3. stay (kalma,
abide, endure, pause, bide, dwell, support, linger,
lodge, persist, sojourn, (adj) inhabit; antonyms (v)
leave, change, abscond, depart, 4. cease
140
Turkish - English
(durmak); synonyms (v) break, quit, terminate,

abstain, conclude, discontinue, drop, desist, expire,
lapse, abandon, (n) finish, termination, cessation,
(adj) abate, 5. halt (durma, durmak); synonyms
(n) suspension, deadlock, interruption, stoppage, (v)
limp, freeze, waver, brake, hobble, rein, settle,
stem, suspend, (adj) flag, lame, 6. check (ek,
denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle,
limit, agree, restrain, dampen, test, ascertain, assay,
audit, contain, (n) control, curb, bill, cheque,
barrier, 7. still; synonyms (adv) however, but,
nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence,
quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage,
compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent,
fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 8. stem (sap); synonyms
(n) root, bow, branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle,
axis, bough, base, fore, (v) originate, issue, proceed,
arise.
durgun 1. calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful,
tranquil, (v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay,
pacify, easy, moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull,
equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry,
nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged,
frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate,
upset, (n) agitation, 2. flat (dz); synonyms (adj)
dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, level, plane,
tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead,
downright, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting;
antonyms (adj) exciting, high-pitched, bumpy, 3.
still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless,
(adj) calm, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, inactive,
motionless, mute, (n) hush, (v) compose, soothe,
ease; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy,
windy, (n) noisy, 4. quiet (sakin, sessiz);
synonyms (adj) gentle, placid, tranquilize, collected,
composed, harmonious, hushed, low, modest, (v)
repose, gag, (n) peace, peacefulness, alleviate,
leisure; antonyms (adj) loud, talkative, vociferous,
active, (n) noise, 5. standing; synonyms (v) stand,
post, (n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige,
place, reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect,
continuance, permanent, 6. static (duruk,
statik); synonyms (adj) immobile, inert, stagnant,
fixed, stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, rigid,
lifeless, unchanging, (n) atmospherics.
durgunluk 1. calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful,
tranquil, (v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay,
pacify, easy, moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull,
equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry,
nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged,
frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate,
upset, (n) agitation, 2. recession; synonyms (n)
decline, depression, fall, niche, recess, slump,
corner, receding.
durma 1. stop (durak, durdurmak, durmak);

(durmak); synonyms (n) cessation, suspension,
standstill, deadlock, (v) stop, limp, desist,
discontinue, pause, freeze, break, waver, brake,
finish, (adj) flag, 3. pause (duraklamak);
synonyms (n) intermission, interruption, rest, gap,
interval, respite, breather, hesitation, abeyance,
hiatus, (v) adjournment, hesitate, intermit, falter,
demur; antonym (n) decisiveness, 4. stay (kalma,
kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, prop, abide,
endure, bide, dwell, support, linger, lodge, persist,
sojourn, wait, (adj) inhabit, tarry; antonyms (v)
durmak 1. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma);

(durma); synonyms (n) cessation, suspension,
standstill, deadlock, (v) stop, limp, desist,
discontinue, pause, freeze, break, waver, brake,
finish, (adj) flag, 3. cease; synonyms (v) quit,
terminate, abstain, conclude, drop, expire, lapse,
leave, abandon, cut, die, perish, refrain, (n)
termination, (adj) abate, 4. stand (ayakta
durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo,
live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, abide, (n) attitude,
booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonyms (v)
sit, lie, 5. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v)
remain, reside, rest, bide, dwell, support, linger,
lodge, persist, sojourn, wait, (n) postponement,
reprieve, (adj) inhabit, tarry; antonyms (v) change,
abscond, depart, 6. remain; synonyms (v) keep,
last, be, persevere, exist, stick, attend, detain, hang,
retain, subsist, survive, prevail.
drtmek 1. dig (kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve,
prod, burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate,
probe, apprehend, (n) poke, excavation, gibe,
punch, stab, taunt; antonym (n) compliment, 2.
thrust; synonyms (v) force, boost, ram, dig, impel,
squeeze, throw, stick, plunge, cram, (n) push, drive,
shove, cast, blow; antonym (v) pull.
drt 1. impulse; synonyms (n) impetus, pulse, urge,
drive, force, impulsion, motive, whim, goad, desire,
incentive, incitement, momentum, motivation,
spur, 2. motive (gd); synonyms (n) cause,
ground, account, impulse, inducement, motif,
reason, subject, design, grounds, object, occasion,
stimulus, (v) aim, consideration, 3. incentive;
synonyms (n) encouragement, fillip, inspiration,
whip, bait, bribe, catalyst, provocation, stimulant,
bonus, lure; antonyms (n) deterrent, disincentive,
constraint, 4. urge; synonyms (n) enforce, (v) push,
advocate, press, impel, incite, induce, inspire,
instigate, persuade, prompt, promote, entreat,
expedite, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) discourage.
Turkish - English
duruk static (statik); synonyms (adj) immobile,
inactive, motionless, inert, still, stagnant, fixed,
stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, quiet, rigid,
lifeless, (n) atmospherics; antonym (adj) moving.
durulmak settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify,
establish, pay, regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate,
adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, (adj)
confirm.
durum 1. state (devlet, eyalet); synonyms (n)
(v) deny, (adj) private, 2. status; synonyms (n) rank,
situation, caste, condition, order, circumstance,
dignity, footing, grade, importance, posture, estate,
post, character, (adj) standing, 3. case; synonyms
(n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag,
briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton,
(adj) patient, 4. occasion; synonyms (n) case, event,
chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture,
motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed,
induce, make, 5. circumstance; synonyms (n)
state, accident, matter, occasion, adventure,
casualty, fact, occurrence, crisis, phase, context,
particular, thing, 6. condition; synonyms (n)
provision, status, attitude, circumstances, clause,
predicament, term, complaint, affection, ailment,
assumption, class, disease, (v) aspect, provide, 7.
situation; synonyms (n) employment, job, location,
office, point, seat, site, bearing, berth, environment,
spot, function, placement, disposition, form, 8.
shape (biim, ekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold,
figure, pattern, build, configuration, design, (v)
fashion, model, mould, determine, adjust, carve,
construct, fit, 9. position (konum); synonyms (n)
lay, opinion, set, arrangement, stance, stand, belief,
orientation, perspective, (v) fix, locate, arrange,
install, pose, poise, 10. stand (ayakta durmak,
durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo,
live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, hold, abide, accept,
(n) booth, rack, base, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie.
duru 1. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport,
behavior, conveyance, air, coach, demeanor,
posture, (v) bearing, 2. attitude (davran, tavr,
tutum); synonyms (n) aspect, mind, notion,
approach, disposition, mentality, mood, opinion,
outlook, perspective, pose, side, stance, view,
viewpoint, 3. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak);
synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer,
tolerate, prop, erect, hold, abide, accept, (n) booth,
rack, base, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie, 4. halt
(durma, durmak); synonyms (n) stay, block,
cessation, suspension, (v) stop, arrest, cease, check,
limp, desist, discontinue, pause, freeze, break, end;
antonyms (v) start, continue, 5. stance; synonyms
(n) carriage, stand, location, place, situation, post,
141
standpoint, 6. presence; synonyms (n)

appearance, front, attendance, comportment,
figure, company, look, being, existence, spirit, (adj)
breeding, comity, gentility; antonyms (n) absence,
nonattendance, 7. position (konum); synonyms
(n) lay, condition, employment, placement, rank,
set, arrangement, status, case, (v) grade, fix, locate,
arrange, install, point, 8. stop (durak,
close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch,
disrupt, dwell, finish, hinder, impede, intercept, (n)
halt, bar, curb; antonyms (v) begin, encourage,
permit, prolong.
duruma 1. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test,
experimental, 2. hearing; synonyms (n) earshot,
ear, trial, consultation, sound, reach, inquiry,
interview, listening, earreach, (adj) audience,
auditory; antonym (adj) deaf.
drst 1. honest; synonyms (adj) fair, genuine,
equitable, good, sincere, artless, candid, clean,
decent, dependable, faithful, forthright, frank,
guileless, heartfelt; antonyms (adj) dishonest,
corrupt, guarded, lying, misleading, disloyal,
unwholesome, 2. moral; synonyms (adj) ethical,
meaning, significance, example; antonyms (adj)
immoral, bad, 3. upright; synonyms (adj)
perpendicular, straight, erect, vertical, just, plumb,
true, moral, respectable, standing, sound, bolt, (n)
column, pillar, post; antonyms (adv) horizontally,
(adj) disreputable, prone, upturned, degenerate,
hanging, 4. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly,
newly, simply, exclusively, (adj) correct, accurate,
impartial, barely, fit, reasonable, appropriate,
definite, direct, due; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased,
wrong, 5. fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj)
clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, sweet,
comely, considerable, disinterested, elegant,
evenhanded, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright;
antonyms (adj) dark, exceptional, unjust, partial,
unwarranted, 6. direct (dolaysz,
ynlendirmek); synonyms (adj) blunt, immediate,
(v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control,
dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, level, (n)
command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout,
circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways,
unplanned, (v) request, 7. straight (dz);
synonyms (adv) directly, frankly, immediately,
openly, instantly, (adj) even, flat, consecutive, neat,
square, firsthand, plain, downright, real, exact;
antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved,
142
Turkish - English
knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, lopsided, skewed,

8. plain (ak, dz); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, easy,
evident, homely, humble, manifest, obvious,
simple, perspicuous, overt, outspoken, dull;
antonyms (adj) elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled,
multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed,
confused, fussy, two-colored, 9. right (doru,
sa); synonyms (adj) perfect, becoming, fitting, full,
nice, (adv) correctly, (n) privilege, law, liberty,
authority, claim, freedom, interest, justice, (v)
rectify; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified,
incorrect, (n) left, 10. square (kare); synonyms
(adj) rectangular, quadrate, equal, (n) area,
foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, block, (v) settle,
agree, correspond, adjust, balance, check, conform,
11. straightforward; synonyms (adj) open,
aboveboard, outright, ingenuous, unsophisticated,
unequivocal, bluff, clear-cut, round, elementary,
truthful, unaffected, uncomplicated, undesigning,
unvarnished; antonyms (adj) complicated, difficult,
complex, deceitful, tricky, devious, mysterious,
pompous.
drste 1. fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj)
prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. honestly; synonyms
(adv) frankly, fairly, candidly, directly, justly,
sincerely, truly, faithfully, aboveboard, genuinely,
openly, fair, bluntly, plainly, (adj) earnestly;
antonyms (adv) dishonestly, deceitfully,
misleadingly, 3. fairly (olduka); synonyms (adv)
completely, moderately, somewhat, equitably,
passably, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably, enough,
middling, relatively, slightly, evenhandedly;
antonyms (adv) unfairly, extremely, unjustly.
drstlk 1. honesty; synonyms (n) candor, fairness,
integrity, justice, candidness, equity, frankness,
probity, chastity, decency, faith, honestness,
morality, rectitude, (adj) fidelity; antonyms (n)
dishonesty, deceit, deception, deviousness,
treachery, wickedness, 2. integrity (btnlk);
synonyms (n) honesty, completeness, entireness,
righteousness, unity, goodness, constancy,
perfection, loyalty, principle, sincerity, totality, (adj)
honor, dignity, faithfulness, 3. truth (doruluk);
synonyms (n) exactness, reality, actuality,
correctness, fact, verity, genuineness, accuracy,
certainty, precision, authenticity, trueness,
uprightness, veracity, axiom; antonyms (n) untruth,
fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 4. justice
(adalet); synonyms (n) impartiality, judge, right,
judicature, jurist, justness, court, reasonableness,
umpire, law, magistrate, propriety, virtue, (adj) just;

antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness.
du shower; synonyms (n) rain, drizzle, barrage,
rainfall, torrent, volley, (v) pour, bathe, hail,
sprinkle, wash, shed, bath, scatter, spray.
d dream; synonyms (n) daydream, aspiration,
ambition, vision, desire, fantasy, figment,
nightmare, reverie, sleep, coma, trance, notion, (v)
imagine, muse; antonym (n) reality.
dey 1. vertical (dikey); synonyms (adj) upright,
perpendicular, straight, erect, sheer, standing,
plumb, unbowed; antonyms (adj) horizontal, prone,
2. portrait; synonyms (n) effigy, image, icon,
characterization.
dknlk 1. affection (sevgi); synonyms (n) affect,
charity, attachment, fondness, affectionateness,
disease, feeling, heart, kindness, liking, love,
tenderness, admiration, care, (v) regard; antonym
(n) hatred, 2. devotion; synonyms (n) adoration,
allegiance, dedication, loyalty, passion, worship,
affection, consecration, constancy, devotedness,
enthusiasm, piety, reverence, zeal, (adj) veneration;
antonyms (n) indifference, disloyalty.
dman enemy; synonyms (n) adversary, antagonist,
foe, opponent, opposition, competitor, assailant,
foeman, hostile, challenger, contender, (adj) rival;
antonyms (n) ally, friend, supporter.
dmanca hostile; synonyms (adj) unfriendly,
aggressive, contrary, adverse, belligerent, warlike,
averse, unfavorable, antagonistic, chilly,
inhospitable, inimical, irreconcilable, opposed,
opposite; antonyms (adj) friendly, soothing, warm.
dmanlk 1. hostility; synonyms (n) aggression,
animosity, antagonism, enmity, feud, aversion,
bitterness, conflict, hatred, rancor, war,
belligerence, antipathy, disaffection, disagreement;
antonyms (n) friendliness, closeness, goodwill, 2.
hatred (nefret); synonyms (n) detestation,
abhorrence, disgust, grudge, anger, abomination,
dislike, hostility, odium, resentment, execration,
distaste, loathing, malice, (v) hate; antonyms (n)
love, adoration, liking.
dme 1. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit,
rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 2. fall (dmek,
sonbahar); synonyms (v) descend, dive, rain,
diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, come, crash, (n)
antonyms (v) ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n)
ascent.
dmek 1. fall (sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline,
dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish,
Turkish - English
plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend,
climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. drop; synonyms
(v) fall, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast,
discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, shed, decay, die,
(n) collapse; antonyms (v) lift, (n) growth, 3. land
(toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field,
kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state,
empire, (v) disembark, debark, get, arrive; antonym
(adj) aquatic, 4. decline; synonyms (n) declension,
declination, deterioration, diminution, (v) wane,
reject, abate, fail, refuse, deny, deteriorate, spurn,
worsen, (adj) fade, languish; antonyms (n)
improvement, recovery, development, rebirth, (v)
accept, flourish, improve, 5. crash; synonyms (n)
clash, collision, smash, clank, clatter, impact, slam,
wreck, (v) bang, break, clang, crack, dash, ram,
thunder.
dk 1. low (alak); synonyms (adj) contemptible,
abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep,
piercing, (n) high, 2. abortion; synonyms (n)
miscarriage, failure, fiasco, abortive, aborsement,
castling, freak, termination, aborting, blunder,
disappointment, incompletion, misadventure.
dnce 1. consideration; synonyms (n) concern,
respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, account,
cogitation, conception, deliberation, notice, tact,
thoughtfulness, (v) regard, condition; antonyms (n)
thoughtlessness, impulsiveness, inconsideration, 2.
opinion (fikir); synonyms (n) judgment, feeling,
notion, idea, belief, advice, conjecture, guess,
impression, meaning, mind, view, counsel,
comment, estimate, 3. thought; synonyms (v)
observation, (n) opinion, consideration, sentiment,
concept, apprehension, design, fancy, plan,
thinking, heed, intention, cerebration,
contemplation, inspiration; antonym (n) fact, 4.
observation (gzlem); synonyms (n) observance,
remark, inspection, perception, insight,
commentary, examination, look, image,
information, annotation, experience, sight, lookout,
(v) note, 5. mind (akl); synonyms (n) intellect,
brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche,
mentality, conscience, brains, heart, (v) attend,
beware, keep, listen, guard; antonym (v) forget, 6.
counsel (avukat, t, t vermek);

synonyms (n) caution, advocate, advisement,
admonition, attorney, consultation, counselor,
exhortation, guidance, recommendation, (v) advise,
consult, admonish, confer, exhort, 7. conception
(fikir); synonyms (n) creation, comprehension,
imagination, invention, understanding, initiation,
appreciation, awareness, conceit, construct, grasp,
inkling, intellection, reading, sense; antonym (n)
misconception, 8. attitude (davran, tavr,
143
tutum); synonyms (n) position, aspect, posture,

behavior, air, approach, bearing, disposition,
mood, outlook, perspective, pose, side, stance,
viewpoint, 9. idea (fikir); synonyms (n)
estimation, suggestion, appearance, aim,
hypothesis, object, purpose, reason, supposition,
suspicion, theory, theme, device, purport, hint, 10.
language, part, suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate,
express, pronounce, say, speak, utter, vocalize,
articulate, state, 11. sense (anlam, duygu,
duyu, his); synonyms (n) sensation, logic, gist,
import, intent, intuition, sensibility, sensitivity,
wisdom, wit, gumption, (v) feel, perceive, scent,
detect; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness,
nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 12.
thinking; synonyms (v) conceive, (adj) intelligent,
thoughtful, meditative, contemplative, pensive,
rational, (n) reasoning, mentation, philosophy.
dnceli 1. thoughtful; synonyms (adj) considerate,
serious, careful, kind, solemn, attentive, courteous,
discreet, heedful, pensive, sensible, grave, mindful,
anxious, caring; antonyms (adj) inconsiderate,
thoughtless, careless, heedless, 2. advised;
synonyms (v) designed, determinate, express, (adj)
intentional, considered, studied, deliberate,
premeditated, intended.
dncesiz 1. careless; synonyms (adj) inconsiderate,
cursory, forgetful, haphazard, inattentive,
insouciant, reckless, hasty, imprudent, inadvertent,
incautious, lax, listless, (v) heedless, (adv)
thoughtless; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious,
prudent, attentive, diligent, meticulous, thorough,
thoughtful, guarded, methodical, strict, wary, 2.
blind (kr, kr etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless,
undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, obscure,
(n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick,
veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted.
dnen thinking; synonyms (v) conceive, (adj)
intelligent, thoughtful, meditative, (n) thought,
consideration, idea, opinion, reasoning, intellection,
conception, contemplation, view, attention,
cerebration.
dnme 1. thinking; synonyms (v) conceive, (adj)
intelligent, thoughtful, meditative, (n) thought,
consideration, idea, opinion, reasoning, intellection,
conception, contemplation, view, attention,
cerebration, 2. thought; synonyms (v) observation,
(n) notion, impression, belief, feeling, reflection,
sentiment, concept, judgment, apprehension, care,
cogitation, design, fancy, mind; antonym (n) fact.
dnmek 1. think (sanmak); synonyms (v)
consider, believe, reckon, estimate, guess, hold,
imagine, muse, ponder, reflect, regard, suppose,
cogitate, conjecture, contemplate; antonym (v)
forget, 2. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful,
calculated, circumspect, slow, thoughtful,
144
Turkish - English
conscious, considered, intended, intentional, (v)

consult, debate, think, confer, discuss, excogitate;
hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 3.
reflect (yanstmak); synonyms (v) deliberate,
meditate, mirror, mull, bethink, echo, ruminate,
shine, speculate, copy, imitate, brood, repeat, flash,
glint, 4. balance (denge, dengelemek);
synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder,
account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v)
unbalance, 5. reason; synonyms (n) mind, intellect,
occasion, argument, object, purpose, rationality,
understanding, basis, explanation, (v) cause, argue,
conclude, deduce, ground.
drmek drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit,
d 1. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit,
rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 2. fall (dmek,
sonbahar); synonyms (v) descend, dive, rain,
diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, come, crash, (n)
antonyms (v) ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n)
ascent, 3. recession; synonyms (n) depression,
niche, recess, slump, corner, receding, 4. decrease
(azaltmak); synonyms (n) cut, cutback,
diminution, reduction, (v) abate, lessen, abridge,
curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract,
shrink, allay; antonyms (n) extension, (v) grow,
intensify.
duvar 1. wall; synonyms (n) partition, bar, barrier,
bulwark, rampart, cliff, earthwork, fortification,
screen, rail, barricade, block, blockade, bolt, (v)
fence, 2. barrier (engel); synonyms (n) dam,
handicap, hurdle, obstruction, restraint, boundary,
hindrance, impediment, obstacle, snag, wall,
barrage, guard, protection, blockage, 3. enclosure;
synonyms (n) coop, cage, enclosing, pen, hedge,
addition, sty, case, envelopment, fencing, inclosure,
insert, railing, ring, supplement.
duvarc mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason,
stonemason, architect, artificer, artist, maker,
manufacturer, smith, carpenter.
duyarl 1. sensitive; synonyms (adj) delicate,
excitable, sensible, sore, tender, painful,
impressionable, emotional, gentle, irritable,
perceptive, receptive, susceptible, nice, nervous;
antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb, hardhearted,
tactless, thick-skinned, 2. sensible; synonyms (adj)
reasonable, aware, judicious, perceptible, prudent,
rational, sagacious, intelligent, sane, wise,
appreciable, sage, logical, practical, conscious;
antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic,

imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless,
ridiculous, silly, stupid, unreasonable, unwise,
harebrained, 3. tender; synonyms (adj)
affectionate, loving, sensitive, soft, compassionate,
fond, mild, frail, caring, (v) proffer, present,
propose, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj)
tough, hard, rubbery, rough.
duyarlk sensitivity; synonyms (n) sensibility,
feeling, sensation, sense, sensitiveness, speed,
acumen, appreciation, deftness, dexterity, kindness,
predisposition, receptiveness, sympathy, tact;
antonym (n) insensitivity.
duyarllk sensitivity; synonyms (n) sensibility,
feeling, sensation, sense, sensitiveness, speed,
acumen, appreciation, deftness, dexterity, kindness,
predisposition, receptiveness, sympathy, tact;
antonym (n) insensitivity.
duygu 1. emotion; synonyms (n) affection, love,
feeling, passion, sensation, heart, agitation,
commotion, excitement, mood, pathos, sensibility,
anger, (v) impression; antonym (n) intelligence, 2.
feeling; synonyms (n) feel, emotion, atmosphere,
belief, hunch, intuition, opinion, sense, sensitivity,
sentiment, enthusiasm, air, effect, (adj) emotional,
sensitive; antonyms (n) numbness, indifference, 3.
sense (anlam, duyu, his); synonyms (n)
perception, meaning, logic, awareness, experience,
idea, notion, reason, understanding, purport, (v)
intellect, mind, perceive, scent, detect; antonyms (n)
garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity,
foolishness, gibberish, 4. feel (hissetmek);
synonyms (v) consider, finger, handle, believe,
deem, endure, find, hold, suffer, suppose, think, (n)
touch, sound, texture, tone; antonym (v) observe, 5.
sensation; synonyms (n) thrill, wonder, stunner,
sentience, ace, discernment, genius, hit, marvel,
miracle, phenomenon, prodigy, smash, success, (v)
inspiration, 6. sentiment; synonyms (n)
judgement, judgment, persuasion, attitude,
position, apprehension, conception, image,
observation, thought, view, estimation, purpose,
consideration, intellection.
duygudalk sympathy; synonyms (n) compassion,
pity, benevolence, commiseration, feeling,
humanity, kindness, mercy, rapport,
understanding, agreement, clemency, comfort,
affection, (adj) charity; antonyms (n) indifference,
cruelty.
duygulandrmak move (hareket, tanmak);

synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel,
instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n)
motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay.
duygulu 1. emotional (duygusal); synonyms (adj)
dramatic, affecting, affective, effusive, moving,
passionate, poignant, sensational, sensitive, warm,
affectional, excited, fervent, mawkish, (v) emotive;
Turkish - English
antonyms (adj) impassive, unemotional,
unflappable, 2. sensitive; synonyms (adj) delicate,
excitable, sensible, sore, tender, painful,
impressionable, emotional, gentle, irritable,
perceptive, receptive, susceptible, nice, nervous;
antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb, hardhearted,
tactless, thick-skinned.
duygusal 1. emotional; synonyms (adj) dramatic,
affecting, affective, effusive, moving, passionate,
poignant, sensational, sensitive, warm, affectional,
excited, fervent, mawkish, (v) emotive; antonyms
(adj) impassive, unemotional, unflappable, 2.
sentimental; synonyms (adj) emotional, maudlin,
mushy, romantic, tender, schmaltzy, soft, sappy,
bathetic, loving, mincing, nostalgic, schmalzy,
slushy.
duygusuzluk indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n)
duymak 1. hear; synonyms (v) attend, discover,
apprehend, understand, catch, examine, learn,
listen, overhear, see, try, find, get, comprehend,
gather, 2. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v)
experience, sense, consider, finger, handle, believe,
deem, endure, hold, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling,
sound, texture, air; antonym (v) observe.
duyu 1. sense (anlam, duygu, his); synonyms (n)
intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic,
awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression,
notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms
(n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity,
foolishness, gibberish, 2. sensation; synonyms (n)
emotion, sense, sensibility, sensitivity, thrill,
wonder, agitation, stunner, sentience, sentiment,
ace, discernment, genius, hit, (v) affection; antonym
(n) numbness.
duyum sensation; synonyms (n) impression, emotion,
feel, sense, perception, sensibility, sensitivity, thrill,
wonder, agitation, stunner, awareness, idea, (v)
feeling, affection; antonym (n) numbness.
duyumsal sensory; synonyms (adj) sensorial,
sensational, sensitive, sensuous, arresting, sensor,
acoustic, afferent, audible, audio-visual, auditory,
aural, auricular, (n) sensorium, sensitory.
duyurmak announce (ilan etmek); synonyms (v)
advertise, herald, declare, enunciate, proclaim,
return, affirm, annunciate, broadcast,
communicate, foretell, intimate, promulgate,
publicize, publish.
duyuru 1. announcement (ilan); synonyms (n)
annunciation, notice, advertisement, declaration,
communication, proclamation, promulgation,
pronouncement, release, report, statement,
145
intimation, bill, ad, assertion, 2. advertisement

(ilan, reklam); synonyms (n) announcement,
advert, advertising, circular, publication,
advertizement, advertizing, placard, poster, 3.
notice; synonyms (n) attention, information, mind,
caution, heed, message, observation, (v) note, look,
attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark;
antonyms (v) disregard, ignore.
duyusal sensory; synonyms (adj) sensorial,
sensational, sensitive, sensuous, arresting, sensor,
acoustic, afferent, audible, audio-visual, auditory,
aural, auricular, (n) sensorium, sensitory.
dz 1. smooth (dzgn); synonyms (adj) easy, calm,
level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy,
graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even;
antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse,
crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling,
prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle,
2. flat; synonyms (adj) dull, bland, plain, insipid,
plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead,
downright, equal, fixed, (n) apartment, (v)
uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 3. straight; synonyms (adv) right,
directly, frankly, (adj) erect, honest, upright, fair,
correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate,
immediate, consecutive, (v) direct; antonyms (adv)
indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding,
zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted,
twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded, 4. plain
(ak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible,
intelligible, apparent, clear, evident, homely,
humble, manifest, obvious, simple, perspicuous,
overt, outspoken, explicit; antonyms (adj) elaborate,
fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, ornate,
attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, two-colored,
5. even (ift, hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj)
constant, equable, equivalent, horizontal, identical,
regular, steady, balanced, equitable, flush, square,
uniform, (v) balance, smooth; antonyms (adj)
inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal, 6. level
(dzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, category,
class, point, (v) flatten, floor, aim, demolish,
destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, equalize, fell;
antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, (v) build,
raise, 7. horizontal (yatay); synonyms (adj)
straight, prostrate; antonym (adj) vertical, 8. direct
(dolaysz, ynlendirmek); synonyms (adj) blunt,
transparent, (v) channel, conduct, address, charge,
control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead,
order, bend, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect,
roundabout, oblique, second-hand, sideways,
unplanned, (v) request, 9. right (doru, sa);
synonyms (adj) appropriate, due, decent, good,
perfect, exact, faithful, fit, reasonable, becoming, (n)
privilege, law, liberty, authority, (v) rectify;
incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong.
146
Turkish - English
dzelmek improve; synonyms (v) advance, heal,

emend, help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform,
gain, educate, better, cultivate, develop, enhance,
mend; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, regress,
spoil.
dzeltme 1. correction; synonyms (n) amendment,
adjustment, alteration, castigation, chastisement,
discipline, redress, modification, emendation,
improvement, punishment, revision, editing,
rebuke, rectification; antonym (n) fabrication, 2.
amendment; synonyms (n) betterment, correction,
transformation, change, conversion, mend, reform,
variation, 3. adjustment; synonyms (n)
adaptation, accommodation, control, fit, settlement,
allowance, arrangement, disposition,
standardization, agreement, compromise, disposal,
fitting, order, (adj) adaption.
dzeltmek 1. level (dzey); synonyms (n) grade,
degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten,
floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze,
bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting,
angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 2. correct
(doru); synonyms (adj) right, accurate,
appropriate, becoming, nice, precise, proper, (v)
adjust, amend, castigate, chastise, chasten, better,
remedy, (n) true; antonyms (adj) incorrect, false,
faulty, inappropriate, mistaken, improper, (v)
wrong, spoil, 3. smooth (dz, dzgn);
synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile,
flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy,
liquid, mellow, (v) quiet, facilitate; antonyms (adj)
rough, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh,
jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled,
corrugated, (v) wrinkle, crease, 4. remedy (ila);
synonyms (n) cure, redress, medicine, drug, relief,
antidote, curative, medication, (v) heal, help, rectify,
correct, relieve, aid, doctor, 5. reform; synonyms
(n) amendment, alteration, conversion, (v) change,
modify, transform, ameliorate, emend, improve,
mend, reclaim, regenerate, remodel, renovate,
rehabilitate, 6. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign,
determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, arrange,
set, clamp, do, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm,
attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 7. improve;
synonyms (v) advance, reform, gain, educate,
cultivate, develop, enhance, perfect, restore,
beautify, revise, proceed, convalesce, elevate, grow;
antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, regress, 8.
adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) temper,
accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, fit, fix,
reconcile, regulate, alter, compose, conform,
coordinate, (adj) dress, (n) square, 9. arrange
(dzenlemek); synonyms (v) appoint, order, pack,
agree, classify, decorate, engineer, provide, put,
straighten, display, design, dispose, distribute, (n)
array; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 10. better
(daha iyi); synonyms (adj) superior, major,
healthier, greater, (n) bettor, (v) best, recover,

exceed, excel, refine, surpass, top, benefit, beat, cap;
antonyms (adj) lesser, (adv) worse, (n) inferior, 11.
repair (onarm, onarmak, tamir etmek);

synonyms (n) overhaul, renewal, renovation, fixing,
mending, (v) patch, compensate, go, renew, resort,
redeem, refresh, reinstate, bushel, reconstruct, 12.
square (kare); synonyms (adj) rectangular, fair,
quadrate, straight, equitable, (n) area, foursquare,
rectangle, quadrilateral, block, court, diamond, (v)
correspond, check, (adv) just, 13. right (doru,
sa); synonyms (adj) due, decent, good, exact,
faithful, reasonable, direct, ethical, (adv) correctly,
exactly, (n) privilege, law, liberty, authority, claim;
antonyms (adj) unjustified, immoral, (n) left.
dzeltmen reader (okuyucu); synonyms (n)
lecturer, professor, lector, proofreader, reviewer,
subscriber, compositor, preacher, printer.
dzen 1. order (dzenlemek, emretmek, sra);

synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array,
rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition,
edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call;
antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem,
mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. layout; synonyms (n)
arrangement, composition, design, plan, order,
outline, scheme, display, 3. arrangement;
synonyms (n) agreement, settlement, adjustment,
classification, contract, distribution, method,
sequence, system, accommodation, appointment,
accord, construction, contrivance, covenant, 4.
array (dizi); synonyms (n) line, garment, army,
assortment, bank, (v) attire, dress, adorn, apparel,
clothe, deck, garb, range, ornament, align; antonym
(v) disarray, 5. formation; synonyms (n)
constitution, creation, establishment, genesis,
organization, configuration, conformation,
generation, production, architecture, erection,
form, foundation, make, (v) fabrication; antonym (n)
destruction, 6. disposition; synonyms (n) bent,
attitude, character, disposal, tendency, bias,
inclination, predisposition, propensity, direction,
aptitude, heart, humor, leaning, mettle, 7. method
(yntem); synonyms (n) course, fashion, approach,
custom, formula, manner, way, device, means,
mode, practice, procedure, routine, style,
technique, 8. disposal; synonyms (n)
administration, sale, alienation, control,
dispensation, adhibition, 9. system (sistem);
synonyms (n) network, structure, process, frame,
rule, organisation, regularity, model, pattern,
usage, machine, mechanism, unit, code, complex,
10. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) dodge,
diagram, project, schedule, conspiracy, figure,
chart, maneuver, purpose, (v) plot, intrigue, devise,
conspire, contrive, connive.
dzenek mechanism (mekanizma); synonyms (n)
apparatus, machinery, appliance, contrivance,
Turkish - English
device, machine, action, instrument, mechanics,
agency, gear, vehicle, operation, means, medium.
dzenleme 1. arrangement; synonyms (n)
agreement, order, settlement, adjustment, array,
classification, contract, design, distribution,
method, plan, sequence, system, accommodation,
appointment, 2. arrange (dzenlemek);
synonyms (v) adjust, appoint, dress, set, settle, pack,
adapt, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do,
engineer, fix, provide; antonyms (v) disturb,
disarrange, 3. layout; synonyms (n) arrangement,
composition, outline, scheme, display.
dzenlemek 1. arrange; synonyms (v) adjust,
appoint, dress, order, set, settle, pack, adapt, agree,
classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, fix;
antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 2. organize
(rgtlemek); synonyms (v) establish, coordinate,
constitute, devise, direct, form, institute, regulate,
conduct, found, make, orchestrate, organise, plan,
(n) arrange; antonym (v) disorganize, 3. order
(dzen, emretmek, sra); synonyms (n)
command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge,
class, condition, disposition, edict, injunction,
instruction, (v) commission, call; antonyms (n)
anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v)
disorder, request, 4. regulate (ayarlamak);
synonyms (v) manage, control, determine, govern,
influence, modulate, regularize, align, check,
correct, decide, guide, organize, rectify, shape, 5.
scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance, dodge,
arrangement, device, diagram, method, project,
schedule, conspiracy, figure, (v) plot, design,
intrigue, conspire, contrive, 6. dispose; synonyms
(v) incline, predispose, discard, lead, place,
position, range, tend, contribute, deploy, distribute,
fit, fling, marshal, (n) bias; antonym (v) indispose,
7. shape (biim, ekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold,
pattern, build, configuration, frame, outline, fitness,
appearance, (v) fashion, model, mould, carve,
construct, knead.
dzenleyici editor; synonyms (n) redactor, writer,
editioner, journalist, press.
dzenli 1. regular (normal); synonyms (adj) normal,
orderly, steady, common, customary, general,
methodical, ordinary, formal, accurate, correct, (n)
fixed, constant, firm, (v) conventional; antonyms
(adj) irregular, erratic, inconsistent, unusual,
variable, asymmetrical, extraordinary, straight, 2.
steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure, continual,
resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled,
consistent, certain, (v) steadfast, calm, regular,
brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly,
intermittent, unreliable, 3. even (ift, hatta);
synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, equable,
equivalent, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, clear,
balanced, equitable, (v) level, balance, smooth;
antonyms (adj) uneven, jagged, unequal, 4. tidy;
147
synonyms (adj) clean, neat, trim, spruce, natty,

respectable, shipshape, goodish, sizable, nice, (v)
arrange, straighten, groom, neaten, order;
antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted, 5.
straight (dz); synonyms (adv) right, directly,
frankly, due, immediately, (adj) erect, honest,
upright, fair, just, perpendicular, proper,
immediate, consecutive, frank; antonyms (adv)
indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding,
zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, twisted, twisting, wavy,
circuitous, guarded, lopsided, 6. systematic
(sistematik); synonyms (adj) tidy, businesslike,
logical, efficient, ordered, symmetrical, uniform;
antonym (adj) unsystematic, 7. uniform
(niforma); synonyms (adj) same, homogenous,
invariable, unchanging, set, alike, similar,
measured, proportionate, rigid, (n) livery, dress,
garb, attire, costume; antonyms (adj) varied,
assorted.
dzensiz irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal,
atypical, anomalous, broken, eccentric, erratic,
changeable, desultory, deviant, disorderly, guerilla,
sporadic, strange, unequal, (n) guerrilla; antonyms
(adj) regular, constant, even, normal, smooth,
dzensizlik 1. disorder; synonyms (n) ailment,
complaint, clutter, disease, jumble, muddle, chaos,
commotion, confusion, disarrangement,
disturbance, (v) derange, disarray, confuse, perturb;
antonyms (n) orderliness, calm, peace, (v) order, 2.
mess; synonyms (n) difficulty, disorder,
hodgepodge, jam, scrape, bedlam, dilemma, dirt,
mash, mayhem, miscellany, muss, pickle, (v) botch,
soil.
dzey 1. level; synonyms (n) grade, degree, (adj) even,
equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim,
demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze,
balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled,
unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 2. plane
(planya, uak); synonyms (n) airplane, face,
aeroplane, aircraft, stage, surface, jet, craft, facet,
planer, (v) shave, hover, (adj) level, smooth, flush.
dzgn 1. smooth (dz); synonyms (adj) easy, calm,
2. straight (dz); synonyms (adv) right, directly,
frankly, (adj) erect, honest, upright, fair, correct, just,
perpendicular, proper, accurate, immediate,
consecutive, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly,
(adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew,
bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy,
circuitous, guarded, 3. regular (dzenli,
normal); synonyms (adj) normal, orderly, steady,
common, customary, general, methodical,
148
Turkish - English
ordinary, formal, habitual, (n) fixed, constant, firm,

familiar, (v) conventional; antonyms (adj) irregular,
erratic, inconsistent, unusual, variable,
asymmetrical, extraordinary, straight.
dzine dozen; synonym (n) twelve.
dzlem plane (planya, uak); synonyms (n)
surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat,
dzlemek smooth (dz, dzgn); synonyms (adj)
easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent,
fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate,
even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive,
coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined,
peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v)
wrinkle.
dzletirmek smooth (dz, dzgn); synonyms
(adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing,
fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet,
facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven,
abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky,
lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled,
corrugated, (v) wrinkle.
dzlk level (dzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree,
unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise.
dzyaz prose; synonyms (n) style, writing,
commonplace, language, literature, rap, speech,
talk, text, words, (v) ramble, (adj) prosaic, maunder,
palaver, prate; antonyms (n) poetry, verse.
E
ebat dimensions; synonyms (n) bulk, size, capacity,
volume, magnitude, extent, body, book, coil,
compass, convolution, figure, gauge, physique, (v)
admeasure.
ebedi eternal; synonyms (adj) constant, endless,
perpetual, ceaseless, continual, everlasting, lasting,
aeonian, boundless, deathless, enduring, immortal,
unending, ageless, durable; antonyms (adj)
temporary, mortal, short-lived, finite.
ebediyen forever; synonyms (adv) ever, always,
eternally, everlastingly, evermore, continually,
interminably, ceaselessly, permanently, (adj) eternal,
permanent, (n) eternity; antonym (adv) temporarily.
ebeveyn 1. parents; synonym (n) ancestors, 2.
parent; synonyms (n) mother, origin, source,
forefather, prototype, precursor, (v) father, foster,
rear, nurture, generate, advance, advert, arouse,
boot; antonym (n) child.
eczac chemist; synonyms (n) apothecary, pharmacist,
druggist, pharmaceutist, pharmacy,
pharmacopolist, alchemist, chemic, dispensatory,

laborant, analyst.
eda expression (anlatm, deyim, ifade); synonyms
(n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect,
edebi literary; synonyms (adj) learned, bookish,
cultured, educated, erudite, artistic, blue, civilizing,
classical, edifying, educational, enlightening,
enriching, gloom, intellectual.
edebiyat literature; synonyms (n) learning, letters,
science, writing, novel, writings, knowledge,
advertisement, art, circular, erudition, fiction,
letterure, pamphlet, text.
eder price (fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth, charge,
expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, (v)
appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit,
value.
edilgen passive (pasif); synonyms (adj) inactive,
apathetic, inert, submissive, indifferent, lifeless,
nonviolent, resigned, dormant, slow, unresisting,
impassive, indolent, meek, patient; antonyms (adj)
active, assertive, spirited, working.
edim act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak);

refrain.
edimsiz virtual (sanal); synonyms (adj) potential,
practical, unreal, implicit, comparative,
constructive, fake, imitation, pretend, qualified,
quasi, replicated, simulated, basic, energizing;
antonym (adj) genuine.
Edinme acquisition; synonyms (n) purchase,
accomplishment, acquirement, attainment,
achievement, conquest, buy, getting, learning,
prize, profit, assumption, (v) gain.
edinmek 1. acquire; synonyms (v) get, achieve, find,
gain, take, accept, attain, buy, collect, contract,
earn, obtain, purchase, receive, assume; antonyms
(v) lose, sell, 2. obtain; synonyms (v) acquire, have,
accomplish, derive, effect, extract, gather, make,
prevail, procure, extort, compass, fetch, carry,
catch, 3. adopt (benimsemek); synonyms (v)
admit, affiliate, borrow, espouse, pass, choose,
embrace, follow, imitate, naturalize, prefer, ratify,
undertake, use; antonym (v) reject.
editr 1. editor (dzenleyici); synonyms (n)
redactor, writer, editioner, journalist, press, 2.
publisher; synonyms (n) newspaper, paper,
bookseller, father.
Efekt effect (etki, sonu); synonyms (n)
consequence, product, result, sequel, aftermath,
conclusion, (v) accomplish, achieve, create, cause,
complete, do, bring, carry, execute; antonym (n)
reason.
Turkish - English
efektif effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial,
practical, effectual, efficacious, operative, strong,
actual, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, (n)
competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj)
ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative.
efendi 1. master (ana, ba); synonyms (n) captain,
instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, (v)
chief, original, ace, expert, 2. lord (sahip);
synonyms (n) master, noble, sir, seignior, almighty,
creator, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler,
impropriator.
efsane 1. myth; synonyms (n) fable, legend, story,
tale, allegory, fiction, fabrication, figment, tradition,
conceit, maggot, 2. legend; synonyms (n) caption,
account, myth, title, chronicle, folklore, romance,
narrative, saga, yarn, anecdote, annals, 3. story;
synonyms (n) layer, history, narration, recital,
report, falsehood, fib, floor, level, novel, stage,
storey, explanation, article, description; antonym
(n) truth.
ee file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document,
list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v)
order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange.
eelemek file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive,
arrange.
egemen dominant; synonyms (adj) commanding,
influential, leading, overriding, paramount,
powerful, primary, principal, rampant, main,
major, authoritative, chief, domineering, (v)
subordinate.
egemenlik 1. domination; synonyms (n) control,
authority, command, ascendancy, ascendency,
dominance, dominion, mastery, power, rule,
superiority, supremacy, jurisdiction, government,
influence, 2. dominance; synonyms (n)
domination, advantage, ascendance, authorization,
preponderance, primacy, ascendence; antonym (n)
inferiority, 3. sovereignty; synonyms (n)
kingdom, reign, empire, autonomy, independence,
realm, majesty, monarchy, sceptre, crown, freedom,
sway, dynasty, glory, holiness.
eer if (ise); synonyms (conj) provided, although,
providing, whether, though, and, so, an, gin, (n)
but, conditionally, condition, stipulation, proviso,
(adv) peradventure.
eik inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique,
willing, bowed, liable, likely, minded, predisposed,
ready, bent, fain, susceptible, (v) given, (prep)
disposed; antonyms (adj) level, reluctant, unwilling.
eiklik inclination (eilim); synonyms (n)
disposition, desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning,
tendency, drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity,
149
disposal, liking, mind; antonyms (n) disinclination,

reluctance.
eilim 1. inclination; synonyms (n) disposition,
desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency,
drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity, disposal, liking,
mind; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance, 2.
trend; synonyms (n) fashion, fad, inclination,
course, direction, movement, vogue, propensity, (v)
style, tend, incline, sheer, turn, verge, deviate, 3.
bias (nyarg); synonyms (n) penchant, influence,
twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, preconception,
predilection, (v) prejudice, slant, dispose, sway, (adj)
partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality,
neutrality, fairness, 4. disposition; synonyms (n)
attitude, character, arrangement, predisposition,
aptitude, array, constitution, distribution, heart,
humor, mettle, mood, nature, personality,
proneness, 5. tendency; synonyms (n) trend,
strain, taste, aptness, habit, intention, tenor, way,
manner, motion, purport, temperament, (v) aim, 6.
bent; synonyms (adj) arched, curved, bended,
crooked, deformed, intent, set, bandy, oblique,
awry, bowed, (n) ability, flair, gift, endowment;
antonym (adj) straight, 7. drift (sapma,
srklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, tone,
bearing, design, gist, leeway, (v) blow, float, ramble,
cast, glide, move, roam, (adj) flow, 8. affinity;
synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy, alliance, bond,
kindred, propinquity, rapport, relation,
relationship, semblance, agreement, attachment,
conformity, connection, consanguinity, 9. set
adjust, arrange, (n) class, circle, (adj) fixed, fast,
secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n)
combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid,
10. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n) run, time, race,
rush, (v) wave, flood, surge, billow, noonday, 11.
sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n)
notion, reason, (v) feel, intellect, perceive;
antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense,
stupidity, foolishness, gibberish.
eilimli 1. inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt,
oblique, willing, bowed, liable, likely, minded,
predisposed, ready, bent, fain, susceptible, (v)
given, (prep) disposed; antonyms (adj) level,
reluctant, unwilling, 2. apt (uygun); synonyms
(adj) appropriate, adroit, apropos, apposite,
intelligent, good, able, adequate, convenient,
dexterous, efficient, fit, smart, clever, deft;
antonym (adj) inappropriate.
eilmek 1. curve (eri, kavis); synonyms (n) bend,
crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v)
curl, turn, arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex, 2.
150
Turkish - English
bend (bkme); synonyms (n) elbow, twist, angle,

bending, buckle, (v) curve, crouch, stoop, deflect,
fold, loop, swerve, contort, cower, deform;
antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. lean; synonyms
(adj) emaciated, gaunt, thin, bony, lank, lanky,
scrawny, (v) incline, list, slant, careen, pitch, slope,
(n) tilt, inclination; antonyms (adj) fat, plump, 4. tip
(tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point,
pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity,
suggestion, summit, extremity, (v) dump, lean, 5.
yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return, give,
output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow, concede,
submit, cede, grant, relinquish, accede, afford, bear;
antonyms (v) resist, persevere, 6. spring (bahar,
ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound,
fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper,
bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic.
eilmez rigid; synonyms (adj) harsh, fixed, hard,
inflexible, stiff, austere, firm, set, strict, exacting,
formal, rigorous, severe, stern, tense; antonyms
(adj) flexible, elastic, soft.
eim 1. inclination (eilim); synonyms (n)
disposition, desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning,
tendency, drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity,
disposal, liking, mind; antonyms (n) disinclination,
reluctance, 2. gradient; synonyms (n) grade, slope,
pitch, tilt, declivity, hill, inclination, incline, rise,
slant, abruptness, descent, ramp, (v) acclivity,
ascent, 3. grade (derece); synonyms (n) class,
place, rank, degree, order, brand, category,
gradient, score, form, group, quality, (v) level,
classify, evaluate, 4. slope; synonyms (n) decline,
fall, brae, hillside, drop, side, declination, (v) cant,
lean, bank, tip, descend, sway, oblique, (adj)
obliquity.
eirmek spin (dndrmek); synonyms (n) turn,
twirl, whirl, revolution, roll, ride, eddy, (v) revolve,
twist, run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent.
eitilmi trained; synonyms (adj) qualified,
experienced, skilled, capable, competent, expert,
accustomed, educated, able, efficient, fit, fitted,
professional, proficient, skillful; antonyms (adj)
untrained, inexpert, untaught, untutored.
eitim 1. education; synonyms (n) training,
discipline, instruction, teaching, breeding,
background, culture, enlightenment, knowledge,
learning, nurture, pedagogy, schooling, literacy,
tuition, 2. training; synonyms (n) education,
practice, preparation, exercise, drill, experience,
workout, coaching, grooming, 3. instruction
(talimat, ynerge); synonyms (n) charge,
command, advice, counsel, direction, guidance,
guideline, information, injunction, prescription,
bidding, commission, doctrine, decree, edification.
eitmek 1. discipline; synonyms (n) chastisement,
correction, (v) control, castigate, chastise, train,
chasten, exercise, correct, drill, educate, practice,
breed, condition, cultivate, 2. train (tren);

synonyms (n) chain, string, form, caravan, (v) aim,
coach, direct, trail, tail, tame, discipline, instruct,
prepare, school, domesticate, 3. school (okul);
synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd,
shoal, swarm, denomination, institution, (v) edify,
teach, indoctrinate, civilise, nurture, (adj)
educational, 4. teach; synonyms (v) inform,
enlighten, learn, lecture, tell, tutor, catechize,
demonstrate, apprise, develop, discover, ground,
improve, (adj) guide, show.
eitmen instructor; synonyms (n) teacher, coach,
trainer, educator, preceptor, tutor, lecturer, master,
mentor, institutor.
elence 1. amusement; synonyms (n) distraction,
diversion, entertainment, pastime, pleasure,
recreation, sport, enjoyment, hobby, joy, laughter,
play, dissipation, delight, festivity; antonyms (n)
sadness, boredom, 2. fun; synonyms (adj) amusing,
entertaining, funny, (n) amusement, frolic, comedy,
humor, jest, merriment, mirth, romp, relaxation,
gaiety, game, (v) banter; antonym (n) misery, 3.
entertainment; synonyms (n) party, feast, fun,
reception, regalement, show, cheer, banquet,
carousal, festival, treat, treatment, activity, 4.
diversion; synonyms (n) deviation, detour,
digression, aberration, deflection, deflexion,
departure, avocation, divagation, pursuit, interest,
trick, 5. recreation; synonyms (n) leisure, break,
refreshment, respite, rest, athletics, reproduction,
6. party; synonyms (n) gang, band, company,
assembly, association, crew, gathering, group,
affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction,
meeting, 7. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act,
enact, exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt,
wager, cavort, dally, disport, (n) bet, gambol, caper;
antonym (v) work, 8. sport (spor); synonyms (n)
mutant, freak, mutation, prank, derision, mockery,
gaming, motion, athlete, (v) boast, lark, brandish,
display, amuse, divert.
elenceli 1. amusing; synonyms (adj) funny,
entertaining, fun, humorous, pleasant, agreeable,
comical, diverting, enjoyable, hilarious, laughable,
pleasing, risible, readable, (n) witty; antonyms (adj)
dull, boring, tragic, 2. enjoyable; synonyms (adj)
delectable, amusing, delicious, delightful,
gratifying, lovely, pleasurable, joyful, heavenly,
acceptable, charming, comfortable, palatable,
satisfying, sweet; antonym (adj) unpleasant.
elenmek 1. sport (spor); synonyms (n) frolic, play,
jest, pastime, diversion, fun, romp, joke,
amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak,
exercise, (v) gambol, 2. play (oynamak);
synonyms (v) act, enact, perform, execute, fiddle,
flirt, wager, cavort, dally, do, (n) game, sport, bet,
caper, drama; antonym (v) work.
Turkish - English
eme bend (bkme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc,
elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn,
(v) straighten, square.
emek 1. bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance,
turn, curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle,
crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer, 2. bend
(bkme); synonyms (n) bow, elbow, twist, angle,
bending, (v) curl, flex, deflect, fold, loop, swerve,
wind, contort, cower, deform; antonyms (v)
straighten, square, 3. curve (eri, kavis);
synonyms (n) kink, round, bender, coil, contour,
flexure, line, (v) hook, distort, meander, inflect,
circle, crimp, lean, sag.
ego ego (ben); synonyms (n) self, egotism, pride,
temperament, macho, power, qualities, selfadmiration, self-pride.
egoist selfish (bencil); synonyms (adj) mean, greedy,
mercenary, egocentric, egoistic, egotistic,
egotistical, self-centered, stingy, covetous,
inconsiderate, sordid, thoughtless, exclusive, (v)
contracted; antonyms (adj) unselfish, selfless,
altruistic, generous.
eri curve (kavis); synonyms (n) bend, crook, bow,
arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v) curl, turn,
arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex.
egzersiz exercise (altrma); synonyms (n) practice,
use, exert, train, educate.
egzotik exotic; synonyms (adj) alien, foreign, strange,
extraneous, outlandish, unusual, different, curious,
extrinsic, unfamiliar, unknown; antonyms (adj)
familiar, ordinary.
ehemmiyet importance; synonyms (n) greatness,
account, gravity, dignity, import, concern,
consequence, emphasis, prominence, stress, value,
influence, magnitude, matter, prestige; antonyms
(n) insignificance, unimportance, triviality.
ehil competent; synonyms (adj) able, capable,
adequate, clever, effective, efficient, fit, sufficient,
commensurate, accomplished, adept, appropriate,
enough, experienced, good; antonyms (adj)
incompetent, useless, inept.
ehli domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil,
familiar, household, internal, native, domesticated,
family, indigenous, indoor, inland, (n) homely,
maid, servant; antonyms (adj) foreign, wild,
external.
ehliyet 1. competence; synonyms (n) capacity,
adequacy, ability, capability, efficiency, sufficiency,
aptitude, expertise, fitness, skill, talent,
competency, craft, dexterity, (adj) proficiency;
antonyms (n) incompetence, inability, 2. licence
(lisans); synonyms (v) license, certify, endorse,
151
evidence, attest, demonstrate, indorse, manifest, 3.

ticket (bilet); synonyms (n) pass, card, label,
certificate, ballot, check, slate, tag, warrant, mark,
slip, voucher, plank, platform, (v) fine, 4.
qualification; synonyms (n) condition,
competence, limitation, preparation, prerequisite,
provision, degree, alteration, modification,
requirement, reservation, (adj) faculty, endowment,
property, attribute.
ehliyetli efficient; synonyms (adj) effectual,
competent, effective, able, capable, valid,
efficacious, operative, practical, adept, adroit, neat,
regular, (v) clever, active; antonyms (adj)
incompetent, inefficient.
ehliyetsiz 1. incapable; synonyms (adj) impotent,
incompetent, inadequate, unable, helpless,
powerless, inept, insufficient, unqualified,
ineffectual, inefficient, unfit, weak; antonyms (adj)
capable, able, 2. inefficient; synonyms (adj)
ineffective, incapable, inefficacious, feeble, futile,
inactive, useless, lame; antonym (adj) efficient.
ehliyetsizlik disability (yetersizlik); synonyms (n)
handicap, inability, disablement, disqualification,
drawback, impairment, incapacity, disadvantage,
damage, deadening, deterioration, deterrent,
detriment, illness, trouble.
ejderha dragon; synonyms (n) shrew, calculus, drake,
earthdrake, firedrake, monster, tartar, (adj) wyvern,
cockatrice, madcap, scold, tiger, fury, kraken, roc.
ek 1. appendix; synonyms (n) addition, adjunct,
addendum, annex, appendage, accessory, (v)
supplement, 2. additional; synonyms (adj) added,
extra, supplementary, ancillary, another, further,
more, second, spare, increased, adscititious,
adventitious, auxiliary, complementary, (pron)
other; antonyms (adj) less, main, 3. attachment;
synonyms (n) affection, appendix, adherence,
regard, association, bond, connection, devotion,
fitting, fondness, liking, link, love, tie, fastener;
antonym (n) detachment, 4. extra; synonyms (adj)
additional, over, odd, redundant, exceptional,
unneeded, unused, (adv) especially, above, (n)
excess, plus, supernumerary, duplicate,
attachment, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, (n)
lack, 5. supplement; synonyms (n)
accompaniment, increment, continuation,
appurtenance, postscript, counterpart, codicil, (v)
add, append, affix, increase, augment, accompany,
complete, (adj) complement; antonym (v) diminish,
6. extension (uzatma); synonyms (n)
augmentation, enlargement, expansion, elongation,
expanse, stretch, development, amplification,
annexe, circulation, dissemination, growth,
prolongation, reach, space; antonyms (n) limitation,
contraction, limit, 7. addition (toplama);
synonyms (n) accession, extension, accretion,
afterthought, gain, acquisition, annexation, insert,
152
Turkish - English
rise, summation, totaling, wing, (prep)

accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction, removal,
estimation, 8. supplementary; synonyms (adj)
subsidiary, supplemental, secondary, subordinate,
new.
ekin crop (rn); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw,
(v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop,
prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear.
ekinsel cultural; synonyms (adj) ethnic, educational,
enriching, racial, adorning, advancing, artistic,
beautifying, beneficial, broadening, civilizing,
constructive, corrective, developmental, dignifying.
ekip 1. brigade (tugay); synonyms (n) detachment,
army, division, battalion, corps, legion, contingent,
battalia, column, garrison, host, wing, battery,
platoon, sotnia, 2. gang; synonyms (n) crew, band,
circle, company, crowd, association, bunch, faction,
mob, pack, team, assemblage, clique, club, group,
3. squad; synonyms (n) gang, brigade, party, knot,
section, troop, regiment, detail, side, unit, (v) set, 4.
outfit; synonyms (n) dress, garb, gear, kit, apparel,
clothing, costume, ensemble, rig, clothes, (v)
equipment, attire, equip, fit, furnish, 5. crew;
synonyms (n) cluster, assembly, bevy, gathering,
horde, partnership, personnel, ring, squad, staff,
communion, corporation, 6. team (takm);
synonyms (n) organization, couple, (v) pair, (adj)
rank, file, line, range, row, string.
eklem joint (birleik, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj)
collective, common, communal, cooperative,
separate.
ekleme addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession,
accessory, addendum, extension, increase,
accretion, afterthought, annex, appendage,
attachment, augmentation, complement, extra,
gain, (prep) accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction,
removal, estimation.
eklemek 1. add (toplamak); synonyms (v) calculate,
include, join, total, figure, lend, mix, divide,
subtract, gather, accumulate, adjoin, affix, annex,
(n) addition; antonym (v) detach, 2. joint (birleik,
eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective,
common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral,
(n) articulation, hinge, seam, connection, tie,
joining, junction, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms
(adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate, 3.
supplement; synonyms (n) accessory,
accompaniment, addendum, adjunct, appendix,
increment, continuation, appendage, appurtenance,
postscript, attachment, (v) add, append, increase,
(adj) complement; antonym (v) diminish.
ekmek 1. bread; synonyms (n) living, livelihood,
cash, maintenance, currency, dough, food, kale,
loot, money, pelf, sustenance, 2. crop (rn);
synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze,

reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj)
clip, shear, 3. plant (bitki); synonyms (n)
manufactory, equipment, factory, herb, mill, (v) fix,
place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found,
lay, bury.
ekmeki baker; synonyms (n) cook, chef, doughboy.
ekol school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class,
sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate,
instruct, train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify,
teach.
ekoloji ecology; synonyms (n) bionomics, botany,
conservationism, network, system.
ekonomi 1. economy; synonyms (n) frugality,
parsimony, saving, thrift, conservation, efficiency,
husbandry, prudence, stinginess, thriftiness,
brevity, cut, (adj) system, arrangement, array;
antonym (n) extravagance, 2. economics;
synonyms (n) finance, economy, commerce, money,
backing, funding, investment, sponsorship.
ekonomik economic; synonyms (adj) commercial,
financial, profitable, efficient, economical, fiscal,
industrial, mercantile, pecuniary, trade, monetary,
bread-and-butter, budgetary, helpful, material.
ekonomist economist; synonyms (n) cultivator,
husband, husbandman, tiller.
ekran 1. screen (perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind,
riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover,
shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak,
2. monitor (izlemek, monitr); synonyms (v)
check, regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe,
supervise, (n) admonisher, dame, ironclad,
moderator, 3. display; synonyms (n) array,
presentation, appearance, screen, demonstration,
exhibition, (v) exhibit, show, disclose, parade,
expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate.
eksantrik eccentric; synonyms (adj) bizarre, odd,
wacky, abnormal, anomalous, crazy, erratic,
irregular, outlandish, peculiar, strange, droll,
comical, (n) character, case; antonyms (adj) normal,
ordinary, (n) conformist.
eksen axis; synonyms (n) axle, pivot, hinge, center,
hub, spindle, stem, pin.
ekseriyet majority (ounluk); synonyms (n) bulk,
age, plurality, body, mass, maturity,
preponderance, adolescence; antonym (n) minority.
eksi 1. minus; synonyms (n) negative, disadvantage,
subtraction, (v) bereft, lack, bereaved, denuded, (adj)
minor, less, lacking, deficient, lesser, short, (adv)
without; antonym (prep) plus, 2. negative
(negatif, olumsuz); synonyms (adj) minus,
adverse, denying, damaging, destructive, contrary,
unfavorable, (n) denial, (v) gainsay, veto, deny,
disavow, kill, negate, controvert; antonyms (adj)
positive, optimistic, assenting, (n) affirmative.
Turkish - English
eki 1. acid (asit); synonyms (adj) acerbic, acidic,
bitter, caustic, sharp, sour, acerb, acrid, cutting,
pointed, sarcastic, acrimonious, astringent, biting,
(v) tart; antonym (adj) sweet, 2. hard (sert);
synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe,
strong, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty,
tough, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj)
easy, soft, kind, merciful, simple, soggy, tender,
yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 3. sour; synonyms
(adj) morose, acid, rancid, gruff, dour, glum, grim,
pungent, rotten, sullen, (v) acidify, ferment, turn, (n)
harsh, acidity; antonym (adj) kindly.
eksik 1. missing; synonyms (v) lost, (adj) lacking,
absent, gone, wanting, deficient, away, misplaced,
nonexistent; antonym (adj) present, 2. incomplete;
synonyms (adj) defective, faulty, imperfect,
inadequate, halfway, short, unfinished, half,
insufficient, fragmentary, sketchy, scarce, poor,
broken, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) complete,
finished, whole, 3. lacking; synonyms (adj)
incomplete, destitute, devoid, empty, without,
sans, missing; antonym (adj) full, 4. defective
(kusurlu); synonyms (adj) bad, unsound, vicious,
inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, incorrect,
lame, wrong; antonym (adj) perfect, 5. inadequate
(yetersiz); synonyms (adj) flimsy, feeble,
inappropriate, incapable, incompetent, ineffective,
improper, impotent, meager, small, sparse, thin,
unsuitable, weak, inopportune; antonyms (adj)
adequate, ample, enough, passable, competent,
reasonable, strong, 6. insufficient (yetersiz);
synonyms (adj) scanty, limited, unsatisfactory, few,
incommensurate, inefficient, scant, skimpy,
slender, unequal, disappointing, disproportionate,
inferior; antonyms (adj) sufficient, plentiful, 7.
short (bodur, ksa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise,
brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic,
abrupt, diminutive, pithy, blunt, brittle, (adv)
abruptly, (v) compact; antonyms (adj) long, tall,
high, lengthy.
eksiklik 1. deficiency; synonyms (n) defect, dearth,
want, absence, deficit, failing, inadequacy, lack,
scarcity, shortcoming, failure, famine, fault, (adj)
blemish, imperfection; antonyms (n) excess,
sufficiency, 2. lack; synonyms (n) deficiency, need,
default, insufficiency, poverty, shortage, drought,
vacancy, deprivation, (v) destitution, fail, demand,
require, desire, indigence; antonyms (n) abundance,
provision, (v) have, 3. defect (kusur); synonyms
(n) blot, flaw, scar, weakness, deformity, foible,
vice, blunder, inaccuracy, disadvantage, disease,
drawback, error, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity, 4.
failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n) bankruptcy,
breakdown, decline, debacle, defeat,
disappointment, disaster, downfall, loser, loss,
abortion, collapse, dud, lapse, (v) decay; antonyms
(n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory,
153
achiever, attainment, capability, growth, 5.

absence (yokluk); synonyms (n) absenteeism,
nonattendance, paucity; antonyms (n) presence,
attendance, 6. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like,
hope, crave, covet, (n) wish, necessity, penury,
privation, pauperism, requirement, distress,
ambition, fancy, essential, hardship; antonyms (v)
dislike, hate, 7. shortage (ak); synonyms (n)
scantiness, shortfall; antonyms (n) overabundance,
surplus, affluence, glut.
eksiksiz 1. perfect; synonyms (adj) consummate,
complete, exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough,
exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, (v) achieve,
accomplish, (n) absolute, full; antonyms (adj)
imperfect, faulty, flawed, 2. complete (bitirmek,
tam, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj) perfect,
whole, stark, accomplished, all, finished, (v) close,
finish, execute, act, attain, cease, clear, conclude,
effect; antonyms (adj) incomplete, partial,
unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking,
narrow, qualified, (v) neglect.
eksilme decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline,
cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge,
increase, rise, grow, intensify.
eksilmek decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n)
extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify.
eksiltmek decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n)
ekimek sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid,
antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly.
eksper expert (bilirkii, uzman); synonyms (adj)
adept, adroit, dexterous, skillful, able, clever,
experienced, accomplished, ace, apt, (n)
professional, proficient, critic, authority,
connoisseur; antonyms (adj) unskilled, inept,
inferior, untrained, (n) amateur, beginner.
ekspertiz expertise; synonyms (n) ability, capability,
competence, competency, dexterity, knowledge,
proficiency, skill, art, command, talent, aptitude,
expertness, knack, prowess.
ekstra 1. extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd,
auxiliary, (adv) more, especially, (n) supplement,
accessory, excess, plus, supernumerary,
addendum, addition, duplicate, (v) additive;
antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack, 2. additional;
synonyms (adj) added, extra, supplementary,
154
Turkish - English
ancillary, another, further, second, spare, increased,

adscititious, adventitious, complementary, else,
farther, (pron) other; antonym (adj) main.
el hand; synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee,
paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit,
bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant.
elastikiyet flexibility; synonyms (n) pliability, spring,
adaptability, elasticity, suppleness, litheness,
malleability, tractability, versatility, bendability;
antonyms (n) inflexibility, obstinacy, rigidity,
stubbornness, severity.
elbette 1. certainly; synonyms (adv) assuredly, surely,
necessarily, definitely, really, sure, truly, inevitably,
absolutely, clearly, exactly, indeed, indubitably,
positively, (int) yes; antonyms (adv) doubtfully,
questionably, 2. surely; synonyms (adv)
undoubtedly, confidently, firmly, securely,
unquestionably, (int) certainly, (adj) doubtless, 3.
naturally; synonyms (adv) course, innately,
obviously, spontaneously, unaffectedly, openly;
antonyms (adv) unnaturally, artificially, 4. sure;
synonyms (adj) certain, reliable, secure, safe, firm,
indisputable, dependable, assured, confident,
definite, infallible, positive, bound, absolute, (v)
steady; antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure,
hesitant.
elbise 1. dress; synonyms (n) attire, costume, apparel,
array, dressing, clothes, (v) clothe, clothing, garb,
rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover; antonym
(v) undress, 2. clothes; synonyms (n) dress,
garment, wardrobe, thing, gown, toggery, vesture,
wear, 3. costume (giysi, kostm); synonyms (n)
suit, outfit, uniform, disguise, drapery, garments,
habit, raiment, masquerade, (v) clad, 4. garment;
synonyms (n) habiliment, vest, things, (v) tog,
enclothe, 5. wear; synonyms (v) endure, bear,
fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, assume, break,
don, have, last, stand, exhaust, (n) erosion;
eli ambassador (bykeli); synonyms (n) agent,
delegate, emissary, envoy, messenger, minister,
deputy, embassador, herald, representative,
diplomat.
elilik 1. embassy; synonyms (n) deputation,
legation, delegation, mission, commission, errand,
cable, communication, diplomat, diplomatist, 2.
mission; synonyms (n) job, assignment, charge,
duty, goal, chore, delegacy, task, function,
business, calling, expedition, purpose, vocation,
agendum.
elde carry (nakletmek, tamak); synonyms (v)
bear, bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave,
accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load,
assume, admit.
elek screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade,
blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v)
cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter,

cloak.
elektrik 1. electricity; synonyms (n) energy, flow,
fuel, pyrogen, electron, heat, ignition, (adj) light,
lightning, electromagnetism, magnetism, voltaism,
wind, gravity, (v) electrize, 2. electrical
(elektrikli); synonyms (adj) electric, thrilling,
automated, electrifying, galvanising, galvanizing,
magnetic, 3. juice; synonyms (n) extract, water,
blood, gravy, liquid, succus, fluid, liquor, gasoline,
current, oil, solution, (adj) humor, serum, lymph.
elektrikli 1. electrical; synonyms (adj) electric,
thrilling, automated, electrifying, galvanising,
galvanizing, magnetic, 2. electric; synonyms (adj)
exciting, electrical, galvanic, emotional, fidgety,
fussy, hasty, hurried, restless, stimulating,
automatic, dynamic, (n) rapturous, (v) mercurial,
telegraphic.
elektriksel electrical (elektrikli); synonyms (adj)
electric, thrilling, automated, electrifying,
galvanising, galvanizing, magnetic.
elektron electron; synonyms (n) electricity, molecule,
negatron, amber.
elektronik 1. electronic; synonyms (adj) automated,
automatic, 2. electronics.
elem suffering; synonyms (v) pain, (n) affliction,
agony, anguish, distress, hurt, grief, hardship,
misery, ordeal, sorrow, torment, torture, adversity,
(adj) miserable; antonym (n) content.
eleman 1. element; synonyms (n) component,
constituent, ingredient, factor, substance,
fundamental, feature, matter, origin, part, unit,
cause, module, point, article, 2. component
(bileen, para); synonyms (n) detail, element,
member, accessory, division, piece, portion,
section.
eleme elimination; synonyms (n) cancellation,
discharge, excretion, annihilation, abolition,
deletion, ejection, eradication, evacuation,
exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge, riddance,
(v) removal; antonyms (n) addition, establishment.
elemek 1. eliminate; synonyms (v) abolish, delete,
rid, annihilate, cancel, dispel, eradicate, extinguish,
obliterate, take, clear, destroy, discard, dismiss,
erase, 2. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n)
shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard,
(v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect,
shelter, cloak, 3. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash,
pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock,
escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang;
antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock.
element element; synonyms (n) component,
cause, module, point, article.
eletiri 1. criticism; synonyms (n) critique,
commentary, blame, review, animadversion,
Turkish - English
attack, censure, comment, denunciation,
disapproval, knock, rebuke, stricture, complaint,
objection; antonyms (n) praise, approval,
admiration, compliment, 2. review (gzden
geirmek); synonyms (n) examination, inspection,
retrospect, parade, magazine, criticism,
investigation, notice, (v) check, survey, criticize,
examine, inspect, judge, reexamine.
eletirici critical (kritik); synonyms (adj) acute,
decisive, delicate, important, pressing, severe,
ticklish, urgent, vital, crucial, dangerous, fastidious,
grave, imperative, (v) censorious; antonyms (adj)
complimentary, trivial, positive, flattering,
insignificant, approving, unimportant.
eliminasyon elimination (eleme); synonyms (n)
cancellation, discharge, excretion, annihilation,
abolition, deletion, ejection, eradication,
evacuation, exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge,
riddance, (v) removal; antonyms (n) addition,
establishment.
elkitab manual; synonyms (n) handbook, guide,
guidebook, brochure, primer, text, textbook,
compendium, grammar, abecedary, codex, libretto;
antonyms (adj) automatic, mechanized.
ellemek 1. touch (dokunma, dokunmak);

synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect,
contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard,
brush, concern, handle, 2. handle (kulp, sap);
synonyms (v) administer, conduct, wield, control,
deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch,
treat, govern, (n) grip, clutch, grasp.
elli fifty; synonyms (n) l, lambert, liter, litre.
elma apple; synonyms (n) city, world, (v) ball, (adj)
green.
elmas 1. diamond (karo); synonyms (n) adamant,
lozenge, infield, rhombus, square, rectangle, (adj)
jewel, bijou, 2. rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder,
calculus, pillar, (v) jar, sway, cradle, jolt, shake, toss,
waver, quake, pitch, reel, (adj) pebble, stone.
elveda farewell (veda); synonyms (n) adieu, leave,
valediction, goodbye, parting, departure,
separation.
elverili 1. convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable,
commodious, handy, advantageous, appropriate,
expedient, fit, near, nearby, opportune, ready,
timely, useful, snug, (n) favorable; antonyms (adj)
inconvenient, fixed, unwieldy, useless, 2. suitable
(uygun); synonyms (adj) good, apt, proper, right,
convenient, eligible, apposite, correct, desirable,
fitting, pertinent, due, decorous, (n) seasonable, (v)
becoming; antonyms (adj) inappropriate,
unsuitable, wrong, improper, 3. adequate
(yeterli); synonyms (adj) sufficient, acceptable,
enough, condign, effectual, passable, satisfactory,
agreeable, competent, decent, equal, fair, full,
qualified, able; antonyms (adj) inadequate,
155
insufficient, unsatisfactory, 4. favourable;

synonyms (adj) auspicious, encouraging, lucky,
prosperous, easy, booming, flourishing, golden,
halcyon, prospering, roaring, supporting, thriving,
5. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate,
meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress,
befit, (adj) applicable, (n) adjust, convulsion, attack,
burst; antonyms (adj) unfit, unwell, 6. sufficient;
synonyms (adj) adequate, commensurate, ample,
plenty, abundant, suitable, respectable, tolerable, 7.
practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable,
efficient, feasible, functional, pragmatic, realistic,
helpful, active, positive, sensible, workable,
working, constructive, hardheaded; antonyms (adj)
impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, impossible.
elverililik convenience; synonyms (n) advantage,
contrivance, accommodation, opportunity,
appliance, comfort, fitness, leisure, occasion, utility,
amenity, benefit, easement, expediency, gadget;
antonym (n) inconvenience.
elverisiz unsuitable; synonyms (adj) inappropriate,
improper, inapplicable, incorrect, unfit, inapt,
inopportune, unbecoming, undesirable, wrong,
inconvenient, incompatible, indecorous,
unseasonable, ineligible; antonyms (adj) suitable,
appropriate, applicable, proper.
emek 1. labour; synonyms (n) effort, exertion,
childbed, confinement, toil, proletariat, (v) grind,
labor, travail, drive, drudge, fag, fatigue, moil,
push, 2. effort (aba, gayret); synonyms (n)
attempt, application, endeavor, struggle, trial,
trouble, try, diligence, bid, campaign, cause,
crusade, deed, essay, exploit, 3. work (alma,
almak, i); synonyms (n) exercise, business,
employment, function, task, action, act, book,
composition, (v) operate, cultivate, ferment, form,
(adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction.
emekli 1. pensioner; synonyms (n) pensionary,
beneficiary, hireling, senior, ward, 2. retired;
synonyms (v) covert, (adj) private, obscure, emeritus,
secluded, secret, sequestered, solitary, lonely,
withdrawn, close, superannuated, isolated, old,
out.
emeklilik retirement; synonyms (n) retreat,
resignation, departure, privacy, seclusion, secrecy,
withdrawal, recession, solitude, cancellation.
emilme absorption; synonyms (n) assimilation,
attention, concentration, inhalation, engrossment,
ingestion, preoccupation, abstraction,
amalgamation, interest.
emin 1. certain; synonyms (adj) actual, definite, sure,
absolute, assured, dependable, indisputable,
reliable, categorical, decisive, fixed, inevitable,
infallible, particular, (v) bound; antonyms (adj)
uncertain, doubtful, unsure, questionable, 2. sure;
synonyms (adj) certain, secure, safe, firm, confident,
positive, fast, guaranteed, indubitable, stable, true,
156
Turkish - English
unerring, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced;

antonym (adj) hesitant, 3. secure (gvenli);
synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire,
assure, attain, ensure, gain, get, guarantee, guard,
lock, (adj) attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach,
(adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 4.
confident; synonyms (adj) bold, brave, hopeful,
sanguine, fearless, forward, assertive, dogmatic,
composed, optimistic, (v) cocksure, satisfied,
emphatic; antonyms (adj) anxious, frightened,
pessimistic, timid, 5. safe; synonyms (adj) cautious,
good, harmless, innocuous, sound, correct,
innocent, inoffensive, unscathed, protected, chary,
discreet, (n) closet, coffer, strongbox; antonyms (adj)
dangerous, hurt, risky, unprotected, harmful,
reckless, 6. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal,
(v) ring, chime, blow, (adj) reasonable, complete,
healthy, fit, just, rational, right, sane, sensible,
robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical,
unsound, confused.
emir 1. mandate; synonyms (n) charge, injunction,
authority, behest, command, bidding, instruction,
authorization, commandment, commission, decree,
dictate, order, edict, claim, 2. command (komut,
kumanda); synonyms (n) control, direction,
administration, ascendancy, demand, mastery,
power, sway, (v) rule, call, direct, bid, dominate,
instruct, require; antonym (v) request, 3. order
(dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek, sra);

synonyms (n) array, rank, sort, class, condition,
disposition, kind, form, genus, category, grade, (v)
arrange, ordain, conduct, govern; antonyms (n)
disorder, 4. charge; synonyms (n) accusation,
burden, care, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse,
blame, attack, load, arraign, assault, cost, fill;
antonyms (v) absolve, retreat, 5. directive
(ynerge); synonyms (n) ruling, pronouncement,
bylaw, law, mandate, (adj) directing, directional,
guiding, 6. decree; synonyms (n) act, decision,
finding, judgment, verdict, directive, regulation, (v)
award, decide, enact, will, enjoin, appoint, doom,
pronounce, 7. prescription (reete); synonyms
(n) medicine, prescript, drug, formula, medication,
recipe, ordination, receipt, dose, nostrum,
prerogative, (adj) precept.
emme absorption; synonyms (n) assimilation,
emmek absorb; synonyms (v) consume, drink,
engross, imbibe, assimilate, engage, occupy, suck,
swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, fascinate, ingest,
(adj) immerse; antonyms (v) bore, emit.
emniyet 1. safety (gvenlik); synonyms (n)
protection, guard, refuge, security, bingle, safe,
asylum, sanctuary, cover, preservation, safeness,
shelter, condom, defense, prophylactic; antonyms

(n) danger, hazard,
2. security (gvenlik);
synonyms (n) pledge, safety, hostage, insurance,

collateral, secureness, strength, peace, assurance,
bail, deposit, ease, gage, (v) bond, (adj) firmness.
emniyetli reliable; synonyms (adj) good, firm, honest,
authentic, certain, dependable, faithful, safe, true,
trusty, believable, solid, sound, (v) trustworthy,
credible; antonyms (adj) unreliable, fallacious,
inconsistent.
emretmek 1. order (dzen, dzenlemek, sra);

mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. command (komut,
kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction,
behest, bidding, direction, administration,
ascendancy, authority, claim, demand, (v) order,
rule, bid, dominate, instruct, 3. bid (davet
etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt,
proffer, suggestion, appeal, invitation, (v) ask,
invite, adjure, beseech, summon, tell, allure, greet,
4. decree; synonyms (n) act, decision, finding,
judgment, verdict, bylaw, directive, (v) award,
decide, enact, ordain, will, enjoin, appoint, doom,
5. tell (anlatmak, sylemek); synonyms (v)
relate, declare, divulge, express, impart, recount,
reveal, explain, announce, communicate, describe,
distinguish, enumerate, (n) disclose, count, 6.
direct (dolaysz, ynlendirmek); synonyms (adj)
straight, blunt, immediate, transparent, (v) aim,
channel, conduct, address, head, administer, guide,
lead, level, point, bend; antonyms (adj) indirect,
roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand,
sideways, unplanned.
emsal equal (eit); synonyms (adj) agree, comparable,
adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent, (v)
match, compare, correspond, even, parallel, rival,
equalize, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) unequal,
different, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent,
uneven, unlike, (v) differ.
emtia commodity; synonyms (n) merchandise,
article, product, object, thing, goods, ware, effects,
movable, something, valuable, accommodation,
advantage, asset, belonging.
emzirmek nurse (hemire); synonyms (n) nurture,
doctor, amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain,
foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, keep, raise,
breastfeed.
en 1. breadth; synonyms (n) scope, width, spread,
amplitude, area, broadness, extent, latitude, length,
size, wideness, stretch, span, distance, abundance;
antonym (n) narrowness, 2. width (genilik);
synonyms (n) breadth, dimension, thickness,
measurement, depth, height, range, diameter;
antonym (n) thinness, 3. most; synonyms (adv)
Turkish - English
nearly, greatly, nigh, virtually, (adj) almost, about,
best, utmost, indeed, much, near, very, well, (n)
majority, maximum; antonym (adv) least, 4. very
(ok, pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely,
highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite,
truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) identical,
considerably, exact, (n) self; antonyms (adv)
abysmally, slightly, somewhat.
endam figure (figr, ekil); synonyms (n) form,
appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build,
contour, emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count,
calculate, cipher.
endie 1. anxiety; synonyms (n) alarm, care, disquiet,
fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish, anxiousness,
concern, uneasiness, worry, worriment, pain,
agitation, burden; antonyms (n) calmness, bravery,
calm, confidence, 2. apprehension (anlay,
korku); synonyms (n) comprehension, dread,
arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation,
understanding, appreciation, anticipation,
conception, detention, dismay, (adj) anxiety, (v)
doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release, 3.
concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard,
attention, bother, matter, company, apprehension,
firm, part, (v) affect, interest, import, involve,
pertain; antonym (v) unconcern, 4. fear
(korkmak, korku); synonyms (n) awe,
consternation, fright, fearfulness, intimidation,
panic, terror, diffidence, funk, phobia, respect, (v)
reverence, affright, apprehend, revere; antonym (n)
fearlessness, 5. worry (zlmek); synonyms (v)
torment, distress, tease, annoy, disturb, molest, vex,
agitate, fret, harry, (n) harass, fuss, annoyance,
sorrow, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure.
endielendirmek concern; synonyms (n) business,
affair, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter,
company, apprehension, burden, (v) worry, affect,
care, interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern.
endieli 1. uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable,
anxious, fidgety, restless, apprehensive, concerned,
nervous, awkward, unquiet, fretful, restive,
solicitous, agitated, jittery, troubled; antonym (adj)
calm, 2. anxious; synonyms (adj) afraid, alarmed,
tense, uneasy, distressed, fearful, frightened, keen,
thoughtful, thirsty, insecure, jealous, careful,
desirous, (v) jumpy; antonyms (adj) relaxed,
carefree, confident, rational, unconcerned,
undisturbed, untroubled, 3. fearful; synonyms
(adj) cowardly, dreadful, awful, craven, terrible,
timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, appalling,
awesome, alarming, dastardly, desperate;
antonyms (adj) brave, bold, unimpressed, 4.
concerned; synonyms (adj) interested, involved,
considerate, worried, affected, attentive, caring,
upset, distraught, paternal, sympathetic; antonyms
(adj) uncaring, unfeeling, 5. worried; synonyms
(adj) bothered, disturbed, unhappy, disquieted,
157
stressed, (v) afflicted, pained; antonym (adj)

reassured.
endstri industry; synonyms (n) business,
application, diligence, effort, industriousness,
labor, toil, trade, work, assiduousness, exertion,
manufacture, commerce.
endstriyel industrial; synonyms (adj) technical,
commercial, economic, manufactured, mechanical,
business, capitalist, developed, entrepreneurial,
occupational, professional, residential, scientific,
technological, urban; antonym (adj) charitable.
enerji 1. energy (g); synonyms (n) animation,
dash, force, life, spirit, determination, drive, effort,
might, strength, vigor, vitality, capability, action,
activity; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion,
tiredness, weakness, idleness, sluggishness, 2.
steam (buu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog,
haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate,
exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas, 3.
drive (srmek); synonyms (n) ride, campaign,
crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate,
chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry, constrain;
antonym (n) inertia, 4. power (g, iktidar);
synonyms (n) ability, potency, authority, control,
agency, domination, intensity, effectiveness, effect,
aptitude, (v) influence, dominion, faculty, capacity,
efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness.
enerjik energetic; synonyms (adj) active, animated,
brisk, busy, driving, dynamic, effective, powerful,
strong, agile, emphatic, aggressive, efficacious,
efficient, enterprising; antonyms (adj) lethargic,
lazy, sluggish, exhausted, inactive, indolent,
languid, weary, apathetic, dull, indifferent, listless.
enfeksiyon infection; synonyms (n) contagion,
disease, contamination, taint, corruption, septicity,
illness, inspiration, transmission, virus, bug,
galvanism, (adj) pollution.
enfes superb; synonyms (adj) splendid, beautiful,
brilliant, magnificent, exquisite, gorgeous,
excellent, glorious, grand, marvelous, rich, super,
majestic, royal, fabulous; antonym (adj) awful.
enflasyon inflation; synonyms (n) expansion,
dilatation, increase, rise, boom, subtilization,
appreciation, accumulation, augmentation,
bombast, conceit, depression, euphemism,
exaggeration, (adj) pretension; antonym (n)
deflation.
enformasyon information (bilgi); synonyms (n)
advice, communication, data, evidence, note,
enlightenment, report, tidings, complaint, counsel,
info, instruction, intelligence, material, warning.
engebeli uneven; synonyms (adj) rough, unequal,
irregular, jagged, erratic, patchy, rugged, spotty,
disproportionate, ragged, craggy, crooked,
unbalanced, (v) broken, (n) harsh; antonyms (adj)
even, smooth, straight, equal, symmetrical.
158
Turkish - English
engel 1. barrier; synonyms (n) barricade, bar,

bulwark, dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction,
hindrance, impediment, obstacle, 2. bar (bar,
ubuk); synonyms (n) band, stop, line, pub, snag,
barrier, (v) ban, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk,
foreclose, confine, restrict; antonyms (v) permit,
allow, 3. obstacle; synonyms (n) difficulty,
drawback, check, hitch, interruption, deterrent, let,
blockage, disadvantage, problem, rub, clog,
discouragement, setback, (v) delay, 4. block (blok,
tkamak); synonyms (n) pad, cluster, blocking,
chock, chunk, (v) hinder, encumber, halt, lock,
parry, plug, blockade, choke, close, (adj) lump;
antonyms (v) free, unblock, open, 5. stop (durak,
stand, interrupt, catch, disrupt, dwell, finish,
impede, intercept, pause, (n) hold, stay, end, cease,
curb, (adj) quit; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin,
encourage, prolong, 6. let (izin vermek);
synonyms (v) hire, admit, lease, leave, charter, have,
rent, grant, authorize, cause, countenance, demise,
get, give, suffer; antonyms (v) forbid, prevent, 7.
check (ek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms
(v) bridle, limit, agree, restrain, dampen, test,
ascertain, assay, audit, contain, detain, (n) control,
bill, cheque, crack, 8. hedge; synonyms (n)
hedging, bush, hedgerow, (v) dodge, fudge, elude,
evade, skirt, avoid, circumvent, duck, equivocate,
pen, border, prevaricate, 9. drag (ekmek,
srkleme, srklemek); synonyms (v) attract,
haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow,
shamble, (n) pull, bother, bore, inhalation; antonym
(v) push, 10. handicap; synonyms (n) disability,
disablement, penalty, baulk, encumbrance,
impairment, liability, odds, (v) hamper, embarrass,
disable, cramp, burden, interfere, retard; antonyms
(v) advantage, benefit.
engelleme 1. interference (giriim, karma);

synonyms (n) disturbance, hindrance, handicap,
block, blocking, encumbrance, hitch, inhibition,
intercession, intervention, obstruction, antagonism,
intermeddling, disruption, (v) collision, 2.
inhibition; synonyms (n) check, prohibition,
restraint, suppression, taboo, control, ban,
constraint, arrest, forbiddance, repression,
restriction, (v) interference, 3. detention;
synonyms (n) delay, custody, confinement,
apprehension, captivity, detainment, capture,
detain, hold, imprisonment, incarceration,
internment, prison, seizure, (v) keep; antonyms (n)
freedom, release, 4. prevention; synonyms (n)
avoidance, bar, exclusion, prenotion; antonym (n)
success.
engellemek 1. block (blok, tkamak); synonyms (n)
bar, barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop,
hinder, encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug,
(adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open, 2. bar

(bar, ubuk); synonyms (n) band, line, pub, snag,
fence, barrier, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, balk,

dam, foreclose, confine, restrict; antonyms (v)
permit, allow, 3. cross (ha); synonyms (n)
crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover,
thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous,
grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed;
antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered.
engelsiz clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict.
engin 1. vast; synonyms (adj) huge, immense, large,
spacious, boundless, colossal, enormous, extensive,
gigantic, great, immeasurable, wide, unlimited, big,
broad; antonyms (adj) limited, narrow, cramped,
small, tiny, 2. wide (geni); synonyms (adj)
roomy, comprehensive, ample, vast, capacious,
expanded, extended, full, open, sweeping, deep,
expansive, liberal, thick, blanket; antonyms (adj)
thin, restricted.
enjeksiyon injection; synonyms (n) shot, clyster,
enema, inoculation, jab, vaccination, injectant,
medicine.
enkaz debris; synonyms (n) detritus, junk, refuse,
rubbish, trash, waste, garbage, wreck, muck,
remains, ruins, scrap, litter, (adj) rubble.
enli 1. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample,
sweeping, vast, free, big, blanket, capacious, deep,
full, (n) female; antonyms (adj) narrow, specific,
thin, 2. wide (geni); synonyms (adj) broad,
spacious, roomy, expanded, extended, open,
expansive, liberal, thick, tolerant, huge, cavernous,
(adv) far, widely, astray; antonym (adj) restricted.
enstit institute; synonyms (n) academy, (v) establish,
found, build, constitute, appoint, form, fix, begin,
bring, create, erect, initiate, base, (adj) enact.
enstrman instrument (alet, ara); synonyms (n)
channel, deed, agency, apparatus, appliance,
document, expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent,
device, engine, means, (v) implement.
enstrmantal instrumental; synonyms (adj)
conducive, helpful, implemental, useful, lyric,
operatic, vocal, subservient, influential, profitable,
inservient, instrumentary, organic, usable, active.
entellektel intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral,
mental, rational, learned, spiritual, academic, ideal,
scholar, thinker, mind.
entrika 1. plot (arsa); synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan,
lot, scheme, chart, design, graph, patch, (v) intrigue,
Turkish - English
cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer, 2.
arrangement, device, diagram, method, project,
schedule, figure, frame, maneuver, outline, (v) plot,
devise, connive.
envanter inventory; synonyms (n) list, catalogue,
index, stock, catalog, account, enumeration, roll,
schedule, bill, table, inventorying, listing, record,
stocktaking.
enzim enzyme; synonyms (n) catalyst, solution.
epey 1. tidy; synonyms (adj) clean, neat, trim, spruce,
natty, orderly, respectable, shipshape, goodish,
methodical, (v) clear, arrange, straighten, groom,
neaten; antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted,
2. quite; synonyms (adv) altogether, absolutely, all,
completely, entirely, fully, sheer, exactly, enough,
even, fairly, rather, right, stark, (adj) just; antonym
(adv) extremely.
er 1. soldier (asker); synonyms (n) fighter, warrior,
champion, swordsman, adventurer, assassin,
bottle, cutthroat, fencer, gangster, murderer,
recruit, sworder, warfarer, airman, 2. private
(zel); synonyms (adj) clandestine, confidential,
personal, covert, hidden, individual, secret, inner,
esoteric, exclusive, intimate, particular, domestic,
interior, (v) close; antonyms (adj) public, communal,
community, nationalized, official, state-owned,
civic, shared, state.
erdem 1. virtue; synonyms (n) chastity, honor,
excellence, goodness, honesty, decency, morality,
quality, probity, efficacy, good, modesty, potency,
(adj) merit, attribute; antonyms (n) wickedness,
guilt, 2. merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert,
virtue, significance, value, dignity, distinction, due,
deserving, importance, meritoriousness, (v)
deserve, earn, rate.
erek 1. end (bitirmek, bitmek, son); synonyms (n)
middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 2. target (ama,
hedef); synonyms (n) butt, goal, mark, objective,
ambition, end, intent, focus, intention, prey, design,
(v) point, purpose, direct, level, 3. aim (ama,
gaye, hedef); synonyms (n) plan, target, meaning,
trend, will, bearing, direction, (v) address,
endeavor, aspire, propose, strive, turn, attempt, (adj)
tend, 4. goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) basket,
aspiration, limit, home, mission, reason, wish, (v)
bound.
ergin mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete, adult,
aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old, perfect,
(v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate, mellow;
antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe, young,
sophomoric, (v) immature.
159
eril masculine; synonyms (adj) manly, manlike, virile,

mankind, bold, cruel, adult, ape, beefcake,
caveman, gallant, generative, hairy, honorable, (v)
male; antonyms (adj) feminine, female.
erim 1. range (alan); synonyms (n) area, array,
compass, reach, scope, domain, (v) line, arrange,
order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, 2.
compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, circle,
circumference, extent, room, breadth, ambit,
boundary, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish,
achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 3. shot; synonyms
(n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot,
picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge,
effort, endeavor.
erime 1. fusion; synonyms (n) amalgamation,
coalition, alliance, coalescence, combination,
merger, unification, union, compound, amalgam,
blend, mixture, synthesis, embodiment, alloy;
antonym (n) separation, 2. solution (zelti,
zm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution,
resolution, answer, settlement, resolve,
eriim access (giri); synonyms (n) admission,
approach, entrance, entry, admittance, entree, gate,
attack, doorway, entryway, fit, opening, outburst,
passage, (v) enter; antonym (n) exit.
erime 1. attainment; synonyms (n) accomplishment,
acquirement, achievement, gain, accession,
completion, fulfillment, success, performance,
fruition, obtainment, realization, skill, (v)
acquisition; antonym (n) failure, 2. reach
(ulamak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range,
overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make,
pass, accomplish, go, (n) fetch, compass, stretch,
extent.
erimek 1. extend (geniletmek, uzatmak);

synonyms (v) expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden,
dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go,
spread, carry, develop, increase, (adj) stretch;
antonyms (v) withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow,
shrink, 2. access (giri); synonyms (n) admission,
passage, (v) enter; antonym (n) exit.
eriyik solution (zelti, zm); synonyms (n)
erk power (g, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability,
erke energy (enerji, g); synonyms (n) animation,
dash, force, life, spirit, determination, drive, effort,
might, strength, vigor, vitality, capability, action,
160
Turkish - English
activity; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion,

tiredness, weakness, idleness, sluggishness.
erkek 1. man (adam, insan); synonyms (n) fellow,
woman, 2. male; synonyms (adj) masculine, manly,
virile, manful, manlike, (n) chap, man; antonyms
(adj) feminine, (n) female, 3. he (o); synonyms (pron)
cestui, (n) helium.
erkeksi masculine; synonyms (adj) manly, manlike,
virile, mankind, bold, cruel, adult, ape, beefcake,
caveman, gallant, generative, hairy, honorable, (v)
male; antonyms (adj) feminine, female.
erken 1. early; synonyms (adj) initial, first, primitive,
prompt, young, quick, embryonic, matutinal, old,
original, past, precocious, (adv) betimes, soon,
earlier; antonyms (adj) delayed, last-minute, slow,
(adv) late, 2. soon (ok gemeden); synonyms
(adv) shortly, early, presently, anon, immediately,
directly, now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly,
erelong, fast, speedily, afterward.
eroin 1. horse (at, beygir); synonyms (n) cavalry,
mount, buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog,
drake, gander, hart, 2. heroin; synonyms (n) horse,
scag, smack, diacetylmorphine, asshole, bastard,
bull, bullshit, buncombe, bunk, bunkum,
cocksucker, crap, damn, (adj) cocaine, 3. snow
(kar); synonyms (n) coke, precipitation, snowfall,
bark, barque, brig, cocain, ship, (v) beguile,
overwhelm, bamboozle, hoodwink.
erozyon erosion; synonyms (n) attrition, abrasion,
corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction, wear.
erteleme 1. suspension; synonyms (n) delay,
postponement, reprieve, stay, rest, 2. stay (kalma,
kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, prop, stop,
abide, continue, endure, arrest, bide, dwell,
support, (n) halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit;
antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart.
ertelemek 1. delay (gecikme, geciktirmek);

synonyms (n) pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay,
deferral, extension, (v) defer, check, postpone,
reserve, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms
(n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance, 2.
stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain,
reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure,
bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt, (adj) cease,
inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond,
depart, 3. continue (srdrmek); synonyms (v)
keep, persevere, sustain, be, extend, last, maintain,
persist, preserve, proceed, resume, stand, live, (n)
hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) end, discontinue.
ertesi following; synonyms (adj) consequent, next,
ensuing, subsequent, consecutive, later, posterior,
succeeding, (v) consequential, (n) entourage, chase,

followers, pursuit, (adv) under, after; antonym (adj)
preceding.
erzak 1. provisions; synonyms (n) food,
commissariat, provender, supplies, victuals, fare,
aliment, nourishment, feed, nutriment, sustenance,
viands, clauses, nutrition, terms, 2. supply
(tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard,
issue, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, offer,
provide, cater, contribute, deliver, equip, give.
es rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose,
balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure,
break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj)
remainder; antonym (v) work.
e 1. match (kibrit); synonyms (n) equal,
contradict, 2. wife (kar); synonyms (n) matron,
missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady,
woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart,
bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband,
3. equal (eit); synonyms (adj) comparable,
adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent,
alike, coordinate, corresponding, (v) match,
compare, even, rival, equalize, (n) compeer, peer;
antonyms (adj) unequal, different, repressive,
disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, unlike, (v)
differ, 4. mate; synonyms (n) associate, friend,
colleague, wife, brother, buddy, chum, counterpart,
crony, double, pal, (v) copulate, pair, checkmate,
(adj) comrade, 5. companion (arkada);
synonyms (n) assistant, acquaintance, attendant,
escort, familiar, playmate, boyfriend, chaperon,
follower, helper, lad, (v) accompany, company, (adj)
ally, accomplice; antonym (n) enemy, 6. husband
(koca); synonyms (n) hubby, man, master, baron,
(v) conserve, economize, preserve, save, economise,
7. partner (ortak); synonyms (n) copartner,
collaborator, confederate, accessory, cooperator,
pardner, teammate, partaker, participator,
coadjutor, (v) neogamist, 8. fellow (adam);
synonyms (n) boy, chap, dude, dog, beau, blighter,
confrere, cuss, fella, feller, guy, swain, buster, gent,
(v) concomitant, 9. pair (ift); synonyms (n) brace,
duet, duo, dyad, coupling, couplet, duad, team,
two, twosome, (v) join, link, equate, twin, (adj)
doublet, 10. spouse.
esans 1. essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma,
burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub, 2.
scent; synonyms (n) smell, bouquet, essence,
redolence, odour, savor, flavor, flavour, incense,
clue, trail, (v) odor, nose, wind, (adj) smoke.
eantiyon sample (rnek); synonyms (n) example,
instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case,
Turkish - English
illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt,
essay, (adj) test.
esas 1. base (alak, baz, taban, temel, s);

antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. intrinsic;
synonyms (adj) inherent, immanent, inborn,
internal, constitutional, essential, integral, intimate,
intrinsical, native, peculiar, interior, fundamental,
instinctive, innate; antonym (adj) extrinsic, 3. basis;
synonyms (n) base, gist, bed, beginning, footing,
root, cause, cornerstone, derivation, justification,
nucleus, reason, motive, essence, argument, 4.
element; synonyms (n) component, constituent,
ingredient, factor, substance, feature, matter,
origin, part, unit, module, point, article, body,
detail, 5. basic (temel); synonyms (adj) first,
cardinal, initial, primary, primordial, basal, central,
introductory, key, necessary, plain, primitive,
simple, vital, (n) staple; antonyms (adj) secondary,
complex, extra, minor, 6. foundation (temel);
synonyms (n) creation, establishment, foot,
institution, principle, support, fundament,
grounds, groundwork, initiation, substructure,
warrant, construction, core, formation, 7. master
(ana, ba); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head,
boss, leader, gentleman, (v) conquer, control,
command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original,
ace, expert, 8. essence; synonyms (n) entity,
aroma, being, crux, perfume, hypostasis, burden,
extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub, odor, scent,
spirit, 9. substance; synonyms (n) import,
material, meaning, significance, subject, amount,
means, quintessence, implication, content, element,
marrow, meat, strength, stuff; antonym (n)
triviality, 10. ultimate; synonyms (adj) last,
conclusive, final, end, supreme, definitive, decisive,
elemental, extreme, farthest, furthest, eventual,
ending, finishing, (n) maximum; antonym (adj)
opening.
esasen 1. essentially; synonyms (adv) basically,
fundamentally, substantially, primarily,
principally, naturally, inherently, radically, really,
significantly, absolutely, chiefly, decidedly, mainly,
(adj) intrinsically, 2. substantially; synonyms (adv)
considerably, well, materially, firmly, amply,
generously, markedly, noticeably, (adj) practically,
virtually; antonym (adv) slightly.
esasl essential; synonyms (adj) necessary, crucial,
important, inherent, requisite, constituent, basic,
elementary, fundamental, natural, central,
constitutional, (n) necessity, base, (v) imperative;
antonyms (adj) minor, secondary, (n) inessential,
optional, option, unimportant, peripheral, luxury.
ecinsel homosexual; synonyms (adj) dykey, (n) gay,
lesbian, homo, dyke, human, man, queen.
161
edeer equivalent; synonyms (adj) equal,

comparable, alike, analogous, even, corresponding,
identical, like, matching, same, equipollent,
commensurate, (n) counterpart, match, (v)
consideration; antonyms (adj) unlike, (n) different,
dissimilar.
esef regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan,
eser 1. shadow (glge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost,
tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower,
gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow,
obscure, overshadow, 2. strain; synonyms (n)
stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter,
screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate,
pull; antonym (v) relax, 3. production (retim);
synonyms (n) output, generation, product,
manufacturing, performance, creation, formation,
produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture,
origination, presentation, (v) exhibition.
eik 1. threshold; synonyms (n) brink, limen,
beginning, doorsill, doorstep, entrance, entry,
outset, doorway, edge, vestibule, border, limit,
door, porch, 2. verge (kenar); synonyms (n)
boundary, margin, rim, bound, brim, confine, side,
skirt, threshold, fringe, edging, term, bounds, (v)
bend, hem.
esin inspiration; synonyms (n) afflatus, infusion,
breath, encouragement, idea, incentive, inhalation,
revelation, genius, notion, aspiration, enthusiasm,
impulse, (v) illumination, impression.
esinti 1. breeze; synonyms (n) breath, air, gust, blow,
flurry, gale, rumor, wind, zephyr, (v) move, 2.
breath (nefes, soluk); synonyms (n) spirit,
inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze, flash,
flatus, instant, jiffy, respite, trice, twinkling, whiff,
(adj) whisper.
esir 1. prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive,
hostage, accused, criminal, defendant, 2. capture;
synonyms (v) bag, catch, take, apprehend, captivate,
carry, ensnare, get, seize, bewitch, acquire, beguile,
(n) arrest, seizure, apprehension; antonyms (v)
release, surrender.
esirgemek spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender,
excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin,
bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup.
eit 1. equal; synonyms (adj) agree, comparable,
adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent, (v)
match, compare, correspond, even, parallel, rival,
equalize, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) unequal,
different, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent,
uneven, unlike, (v) differ, 2. even (ift, hatta);
synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, constant,
equable, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, regular,
steady, clear, (v) level, balance, smooth; antonyms
(adj) irregular, jagged, 3. equivalent (edeer);
162
Turkish - English
synonyms (adj) alike, analogous, corresponding,

like, matching, same, equipollent, akin, reciprocal,
related, similar, tantamount, (n) counterpart, eq, (v)
consideration; antonym (n) dissimilar.
eitlemek compensate; synonyms (v) balance, pay,
recompense, reimburse, counterbalance, recoup,
remunerate, repay, reward, cover, correct, expiate,
indemnify, offset, redeem.
eitlik 1. equality; synonyms (n) equivalence,
balance, identity, parity, evenness, likeness, par,
sameness, equal, analogy, correspondence,
equation, similarity; antonyms (n) inequality,
disparity, difference, 2. par; synonyms (n) average,
equality, mean, norm, (adj) median, 3. equation
(denklem); synonyms (n) equalization, formula,
compensation, equating, proportion, ratio.
eitsizlik inequality; synonyms (n) disparity,
difference, disproportion, dissimilitude, injustice,
variance, variation, discrepancy, imbalance,
inequity, unevenness, unfairness, (adj) odds;
antonyms (n) equality, justice, parity.
eski 1. old; synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete,
ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly,
experienced, outdated, veteran, archaic, decrepit,
hoary, mature, past; antonyms (adj) new, young,
modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful, 2.
former (nceki); synonyms (adv) before, (adj)
antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, foregoing,
previous, prior, deceased, preceding, foremost,
primary, departed, gone, (n) predecessor; antonym
(adj) future, 3. ancient; synonyms (adj) old,
primitive, olden, antediluvian, dated, older,
outmoded, prehistoric, primeval, primordial, rusty,
historical, (n) elder, senior, 4. early (erken);
synonyms (adj) initial, first, prompt, quick,
embryonic, matutinal, precocious, preliminary,
premature, prime, untimely, advance, (adv) betimes,
soon, timely; antonyms (adj) delayed, last-minute,
slow, (adv) late, 5. used; synonyms (adj)
secondhand, exploited, accustomed, depleted,
exhausted, faded, habituated, hand-me-down,
spent, threadbare, tried, victimised, victimized,
wont, recycled; antonyms (adj) pristine, spanking,
unused, 6. late (ge); synonyms (adj) dead,
behindhand, belated, tardy, dull, defunct,
posthumous, erstwhile, advanced, later, (adv)
dilatory, backward, belatedly, lately, latterly;
antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early, punctually,
promptly, punctual, 7. sometime; synonyms (adv)
someday, once, sometimes, formerly, (adj)
quondam.
eskiden 1. once; synonyms (adv) formerly, before,
erstwhile, previously, already, erst, sometime,
when, (n) whilom, (adj) former, 2. formerly;
synonyms (adv) earlier, aforetime, first, once, afore,
beforehand, originally, sometimes.
eskime wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,

eskimi worn; synonyms (v) decayed, (adj) haggard,
shabby, tired, ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn,
jaded, exhausted, fatigued, careworn, decrepit,
faded, frayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, new.
eletirmek match (e, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal,
contradict.
elik company; synonyms (n) companionship,
society, association, band, business, cohort,
collection, brigade, assemblage, bevy, caller, club,
companion, corps, (v) accompany; antonym (n)
solitude.
esmek blow (flemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat,
blast, knock, shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff,
bloom, blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v)
calm, save.
esmerlemek brown (kahverengi); synonyms (adj)
chocolate, swarthy, tanned, (n) brunette,
brownness, tan, (v) sear, cook, fry; antonym (adj)
pale.
esnek flexible; synonyms (adj) elastic, adaptable,
pliable, yielding, lissome, pliant, soft, supple, facile,
adjustable, bendable, compliant, ductile, flexile,
lithe; antonyms (adj) inflexible, rigid, fixed,
obstinate, stiff, stubborn.
esneklik 1. flexibility; synonyms (n) pliability,
spring, adaptability, elasticity, suppleness,
litheness, malleability, tractability, versatility,
bendability; antonyms (n) inflexibility, obstinacy,
rigidity, stubbornness, severity, 2. give (vermek);
synonyms (v) allow, bestow, extend, accord,
commit, donate, contribute, convey, deliver,
dispense, endow, grant, present, yield, administer;
antonyms (v) withdraw, take, withhold, 3. spring
(bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap,
esnemek yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce,
return, give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow,
concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow,
accede, afford; antonyms (v) resist, persevere.
esrar 1. mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum,
arcanum, enigma, secret, mysteriousness, puzzle,
secrecy, craft, perplexity, poser, problem, riddle,
whodunit, cabala, question; antonyms (n) clearness,
explanation, 2. grass (imen, ot); synonyms (n)
cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed,
ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray,
denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 3. shit (bok);
synonyms (n) crap, bullshit, cocksucker, dump,
Turkish - English
junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool, defecate, (adj)
excrement, dung, faeces, feces, ordure.
esrarengiz mysterious; synonyms (adj) hidden,
inscrutable, deep, eerie, incomprehensible,
inexplicable, abstruse, arcane, cryptic, dark,
obscure, secret, clandestine, concealed, covert;
antonyms (adj) known, straightforward, apparent,
normal.
esrarl secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert,
hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure,
occult, secrecy, clandestine, (n) privacy, arcanum,
(v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n)
known, public.
esiz unique (benzersiz, tek); synonyms (adj)
singular, only, odd, extraordinary, individual,
solitary, alone, peculiar, distinct, distinctive,
rare; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring.
estetik aesthetic; synonyms (adj) esthetic, aesthetical,
esthetical, artistic, perceptive, sentient, affective,
beauty, conscious, cultured, decorative, deep,
graceful, intense, invigorating.
eya 1. goods; synonyms (n) cargo, freight,
belongings, commodity, merchandise, product,
estate, chattels, commodities, effects, produce,
property, stuff, wealth, load, 2. furniture;
synonyms (n) equipment, appointments, goods,
fitting, movable, thing, movables, upholstery,
apparatus, apparel, appurtenances, attire, clothes,
deed, (v) garniture, 3. commodity; synonyms (n)
article, object, ware, something, valuable,
accommodation, advantage, asset, belonging,
benefit, chattel, commodiousness, convenience,
interest, profit, 4. article; synonyms (n) section,
chapter, clause, composition, discourse, entity,
essay, feature, paper, report, review, story, passage,
condition, dissertation, 5. gear; synonyms (n)
outfit, tackle, device, dress, baggage, clothing,
cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, wheel, garb,
furniture, (v) harness, equip.
et 1. meat; synonyms (n) flesh, core, essence, food,
gist, heart, kernel, marrow, substance, crux, matter,
beef, brawn, stuff, content, 2. flesh; synonyms (n)
mortality, anatomy, chassis, figure, form, frame,
humanity, mankind, meat, muscle, pulp, shape,
(adj) carnality, concupiscence, lust.
etap 1. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) grade, phase,
floor, degree, level, period, point, arena, layer,
chapter, leg, gradation, (v) present, order, mount, 2.
lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil,
knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass,
encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset.
etek 1. skirt; synonyms (n) border, edge, brim, flap,
kilt, apron, margin, (v) fringe, circumvent, evade,
hem, elude, sidestep, verge, dodge, 2. lap
(kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil,
163
knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass,

encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset.
eteklik skirt (etek); synonyms (n) border, edge, brim,
flap, kilt, apron, margin, (v) fringe, circumvent,
evade, hem, elude, sidestep, verge, dodge.
etik ethics; synonyms (n) morality, morals,
conscience, behavior, philosophy, code, dignity,
ethology, ideology, principle, principles, scruples,
standards, tradition, values.
etiket 1. label; synonyms (n) name, brand, tag, title,
designation, earmark, docket, group, (v) mark, call,
classify, check, designate, distinguish, identify, 2.
ticket (bilet); synonyms (n) pass, card, label,
certificate, ballot, slate, warrant, slip, voucher,
plank, platform, price, vote, (v) fine.
etiketlemek 1. label (etiket); synonyms (n) name,
brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket,
group, (v) mark, call, classify, check, designate,
distinguish, identify, 2. ticket (bilet); synonyms
(n) pass, card, label, certificate, ballot, slate,
warrant, slip, voucher, plank, platform, price, vote,
(v) fine.
etken 1. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency,
broker, deputy, medium, factor, instrument,
doer, envoy, intermediary, (v) actor, 2. factor
(arpan, etmen); synonyms (n) agent, component,
divisor, element, ingredient, part, consideration,
feature, parameter, point, item, steward, dividend,
fact, (adj) constituent.
etki 1. action (eylem, hareket, i); synonyms (n) act,
inaction, inactivity, 2. influence; synonyms (n)
force, authority, control, domination, charm,
command, hold, impact, (v) affect, determine,
dispose, incline, bias, direct, govern, 3. effect
(sonu); synonyms (n) consequence, product,
result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, (v)
accomplish, achieve, create, cause, complete, do,
bring, carry, execute; antonym (n) reason, 4.
impact; synonyms (n) hit, shock, blow, clash,
collision, crash, impingement, impression,
influence, touch, bang, concussion, jolt, (v) contact,
ram, 5. force (g, kuvvet, zorlamak);
synonyms (n) energy, strength, enforce, impetus,
impulse, power, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze,
thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain;
antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 6. efficacy;
synonyms (n) effectiveness, potency, capability,
efficaciousness, efficiency, utility, might,
usefulness, validity, vigor, virtue, (v) weight;
antonyms (n) inefficacy, inefficiency, 7.
impression (izlenim); synonyms (n) belief,
image, mark, notion, dent, appearance, feel,
164
Turkish - English
impress, opinion, printing, 8. sound (ses);

reasonable, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right,
illogical, unsound, confused, 9. pull (ekme,
ekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught,
pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, hale, lure,
(n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push,
repel.
etkilemek 1. affect; synonyms (v) touch, move, act,
fake, feign, impress, pretend, strike, concern,
dispose, dissemble, hit, influence, involve, lead, 2.
grip (kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n)
clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches,
(v) grasp, hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace,
fascinate, grab; antonyms (v) bore, release, 3.
influence (etki); synonyms (n) force, authority,
control, domination, charm, command, impact, (v)
affect, determine, effect, incline, bias, direct,
govern, importance, 4. impress; synonyms (v)
imprint, mark, print, inscribe, instill, emboss, dent,
inculcate, amaze, dazzle, engrave, (n) stamp,
impression, press, emblem, 5. operate
(iletmek); synonyms (v) function, run, employ,
go, manage, perform, proceed, work, maneuver,
exercise, fly, behave, do, drive, engage, 6. move
(hareket, tanmak); synonyms (v) carry, excite,
impel, instigate, travel, flow, bear, disturb, actuate,
agitate, arouse, (n) motion, transfer, advance,
change; antonym (v) stay, 7. concern; synonyms
(n) business, affair, regard, attention, anxiety,
bother, matter, company, apprehension, burden,
disquiet, (v) worry, care, interest, trouble; antonym
(v) unconcern, 8. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide,
conduct, contribute, chair, conduce, bring, convey,
give, show, (n) clue, advantage, hint, leash, (adj)
front; antonym (v) follow, 9. act (davranmak,
hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n)
accomplishment, action, play, statute, decree, feat,
law, performance, activity, (v) achievement, deed,
acquit, enact, operate, commit; antonym (v) refrain,
10. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock,
assault, clap, rap, smash, (v) bang, beat, slap, box,
buffet, bump, clout, coin, collide, mint, 11. touch
tinge, feeling, tap, tincture, (v) contact, border,
adjoin, stroke, brush, meet, reach, taste, tint, allude.
etkilenmemi unaffected; synonyms (adj) simple,
artless, sincere, genuine, natural, plain, real,
unimpressed, ingenuous, honest, naive,
unsophisticated, untouched, chaste, impervious;
antonym (adj) affected.
etkileim interaction; synonyms (n) interplay,
contact, correlation, communication, mutuality,
affairs, associations, dealings, interworking,
relations, relationships, association, consultation,
interdependence, relationship.
etkileimli interactive; synonyms (adj) interactional,

mutual, synergistic, synergetic.
etkileyici 1. impressive; synonyms (adj) forcible,
effective, commanding, imposing, powerful,
striking, awesome, efficacious, exciting, formidable,
influential, massive, memorable, (n) grand, noble;
antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, ordinary,
weak, 2. imposing; synonyms (v) impressive, (adj)
dignified, grandiose, stately, distinguished,
baronial, lofty, regal, exalted, royal, eminent,
magnificent, majestic, (n) solemn, grave, 3.
dramatic; synonyms (adj) spectacular, theatrical,
scenic, sensational, sudden, thespian; antonyms
(adj) gradual, undramatic, 4. effective (etkin);
synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual,
operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active,
forceful, important, (n) competent, capable, able,
efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless,
inoperative.
etkili 1. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial,
ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative, 2. telling;
synonyms (adj) significant, revealing, effective,
emphatic, impressive, pregnant, cogent, powerful,
potent, trenchant, graphic, vivid, (n) recounting,
relation, notice, 3. influential; synonyms (adj)
dominant, forcible, predominant, prevailing,
considerable, eminent, big, energetic, grave,
prominent, convincing, dynamic, major, (v)
important; antonyms (adj) insignificant, minor,
unconvincing, 4. potent; synonyms (adj)
influential, hard, mighty, persuasive, lusty, stiff,
vigorous, firm, heady, robust, hardy, intense,
muscular, great, stout; antonym (adj) impotent, 5.
powerful; synonyms (adj) brawny, full, deep,
formidable, hefty, sturdy, valid, husky, athletic, fit,
herculean, nervous, noisy, puissant, (n) fierce;
antonyms (adj) powerless, mild.
etkililik effectiveness; synonyms (n) efficacy, effect,
strength, result, powerfulness, effectivity,
effectuality, effectualness, force, influence, potency,
success, usefulness, utility, validity; antonyms (n)
uselessness, inefficiency, ineffectiveness.
etkin 1. active; synonyms (adj) energetic, alert, busy,
diligent, effective, live, lively, nimble, strong, agile,
alive, brisk, dynamic, forcible, healthy; antonyms
(adj) dormant, inactive, sluggish, idle, latent,
lethargic, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive, quiet, 2.
effective; synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical,
effectual, efficacious, operative, actual, fruitful,
positive, active, forceful, important, (n) competent,
capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective,
useless, weak, inoperative.
etkinletirme activation; synonyms (n) activating,
start, initiation, launch, awakening,
Turkish - English
commencement, creation, energizing,
establishment, foundation, inauguration, opening,
spur, instigation, introduction.
etkinlik 1. activity (faaliyet); synonyms (n) action,
activeness, exercise, liveliness, play, job, agency,
agility, diligence, energy, enterprise, industry, life,
movement, occupation; antonyms (n) inactivity,
inaction, inactiveness, 2. efficiency (verim,
verimlilik); synonyms (n) capability, effectiveness,
ability, efficacy, effect, capacity, aptitude, output,
potency, proficiency, ease; antonyms (n)
inefficiency, incompetence, largeness.
etkisiz 1. ineffective; synonyms (adj) empty,
incompetent, futile, impotent, inadequate,
ineffectual, inefficient, null, fruitless, incapable,
powerless, unable, useless, worthless, feckless;
antonyms (adj) effective, strong, successful, useful,
2. inefficient; synonyms (adj) ineffective,
inefficacious, feeble, inactive, inept, insufficient,
unfit, lame; antonym (adj) efficient.
etmek 1. do (yapmak); synonyms (v) act, cheat,
commit, accomplish, complete, conduct, perform,
achieve, make, practice, defraud, answer, arrange,
(n) function, occasion; antonyms (v) neglect,
unmake, 2. make (yapmak); synonyms (v) build,
cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give,
produce, let, compel, constitute, design, (n) form;
antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 3. render; synonyms
(v) afford, interpret, explain, furnish, offer, pay,
construe, depict, impart, provide, return, translate,
yield, cede, concede, 4. total (toplam); synonyms
(adj) aggregate, all, absolute, entire, gross,
downright, general, (n) whole, amount, sum, tally,
entirety, (v) count, number, figure; antonyms (adj)
partial, incomplete, qualified.
etmen 1. factor (arpan); synonyms (n) agent,
point, delegate, item, (adj) constituent, 2. agent
(acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency, medium,
factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney,
channel, doer, envoy, intermediary, means,
procurator, surrogate, (v) actor.
etnik ethnic; synonyms (adj) national, ethnical,
heathen, pagan, cultural, gentile, social, ancestral,
clannish, family, indigenous, native, traditional.
etraf surroundings; synonyms (n) medium,
atmosphere, environment, environs, setting,
habitat, neighborhood, milieu, scene, ambiance,
background, situation, surround, vicinity,
ambience.
etrafna around; synonyms (adv) about,
etrafnda 1. around; synonyms (adv) about,
165

circa, surrounding, (adj) near, nearby, (n) vicinity, 2.
round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) around, (adj)
circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n) circle,
bout, ring, beat, circuit, cycle, (v) compass, turn,
gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp.
etrafl comprehensive; synonyms (adj) capacious,
broad, extensive, inclusive, complete, detailed,
exhaustive, full, large, overall, sweeping, thorough,
total, universal, wide; antonyms (adj) narrow,
partial, noncomprehensive, restricted.
ettirmek get (almak, elde etmek, olmak,

varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain,
become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take,
achieve, beget, bring, capture; antonyms (v) lose,
give, leave.
ev 1. house (mesken); synonyms (n) family, home,
ancestry, (v) accommodate, lodge, 2. home;
synonyms (n) fireside, house, base, household,
place, residence, shelter, asylum, fatherland,
habitat, lodging, land, environment, (adj) domestic,
internal, 3. family (aile); synonyms (n) descent,
name, breed, brood, clan, class, genus, kin, lineage,
people, stock, species, birth, blood, category, 4.
settlement; synonyms (n) decision,
accommodation, colony, hamlet, payment,
arrangement, conclusion, resolution,
determination, contract, adjustment, agreement,
colonization, liquidation, village, 5. residence;
synonyms (n) occupancy, mansion, manse,
abidance, apartment, hall, residency, digs,
lodgings, settlement, quarters, seat, parsonage,
presence, rectory.
evcil domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil,
external.
evde home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode,
domicile, house, base, building, dwelling, family,
habitation, household, place, residence, shelter,
asylum, (adj) domestic.
eve home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode,
asylum, (adj) domestic.
evet 1. yes; synonyms (int) surely, (n) consent,
acceptance, nod, (adv) ay, yea, certainly, positively,
precisely, (v) acquiesce, agree, allow, grovel, (adj)
obedient, submissive, 2. yeah; synonyms (int)
hurrah, hurray, yippee.
evlendirmek 1. marry; synonyms (v) join, link,
conjoin, splice, tie, unite, wive, couple, combine,
merge, connect, unify, match, (n) espouse, wed;
antonym (v) divorce, 2. tie (balamak, kravat);
166
Turkish - English
synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace,

association, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, (v)
bond, attach, bind, knot, fasten, leash; antonyms (v)
disconnect, untie, undo.
evlenme 1. match (e, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal,
contradict, 2. marriage; synonyms (n) wedding,
matrimony, espousal, nuptial, union, wedlock,
alliance, coupling, bond, nuptials, (adj) bridal, (v)
match; antonyms (n) divorce, separation.
evlenmek marry (evlendirmek); synonyms (v) join,
link, conjoin, splice, tie, unite, wive, couple,
combine, merge, connect, unify, match, (n) espouse,
wed; antonym (v) divorce.
evlenmemi unmarried; synonyms (adj) single,
unwedded, sole, alone, individual, separate;
antonyms (adj) married, attached, marital.
evler housing; synonyms (n) habitation, casing,
dwelling, lodging, abode, accommodation,
caparison, apartment, domicile, accommodations,
household, housings, place, quarters, residence;
antonym (adj) business.
evli married; synonyms (adj) marital, wedded,
conjugal, matrimonial, connubial, nuptial;
antonyms (adj) single, unmarried.
evlilik marriage; synonyms (n) wedding, matrimony,
espousal, nuptial, union, wedlock, alliance,
coupling, bond, nuptials, (adj) bridal, (v) match;
antonyms (n) divorce, separation.
evliya saint; synonyms (n) angel, apostle, apotheosis,
disciple, evangelist, ideal, nonesuch, nonpareil,
nonsuch, paragon, (v) canonize, enshrine.
evre 1. phase (faz, safha); synonyms (n) aspect,
stage, facet, chapter, grade, circumstance,
condition, degree, appearance, form, leg, level,
period, side, situation, 2. stage (sahne);
synonyms (n) phase, floor, point, arena, layer,
gradation, set, stadium, height, dais, (v) present,
order, mount, play, arrange.
evren 1. universe; synonyms (n) nature, creation,
world, cosmos, population, macrocosm, space,
globe, existence, 2. creation; synonyms (n)
production, composition, invention, conception,
construction, creature, fabrication, formation,
foundation, founding, piece, product, universe,
work, innovation; antonyms (n) destruction, end, 3.
system (sistem); synonyms (n) method,
establishment, mode, organisation, 4. world
(dnya); synonyms (n) public, sphere, society,
realm, humanity, life, mankind, people, orb, folk,
ball, being, (adj) global, power, volume.
evrensel 1. universal; synonyms (adj) general,

ecumenical, global, common, international,
worldwide, public, ubiquitous, comprehensive,
oecumenical, widespread, cosmopolitan, generic,
ordinary, pervasive; antonyms (adj) local, specific,
2. global; synonyms (adj) overall, universal,
earthly, total, globose, globular, inclusive,
orbicular, planetary, spheric, spherical, terrestrial,
world, sweeping; antonym (adj) national, 3.
worldwide; synonym (adj) intercontinental.
evrim evolution; synonyms (n) development, growth,
expansion, movement, process, progress,
evolvement, change, mutation, advance, alteration,
modification, progression, (v) operation,
elimination; antonym (n) deterioration.
evrimsel evolutionary; synonym (n) evolutionist.
evvel 1. before (nce, nnde); synonyms (prep)
fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago,
earlier, already, forward, previously, beforehand,
ere, (adj) preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later,
behind, after, afterward, 2. ago; synonyms (adv)
formerly, erst, since, back, over, backwards,
afterwards, erewhile, syne, whilom, contrarily,
reflexively, (adj) past, agone.
evvelce previously; synonyms (adv) before, already,
beforehand, antecedently, earlier, formerly, once,
fore, ahead.
eyalet 1. state (devlet, durum); synonyms (n)
(v) deny, (adj) private, 2. province (il); synonyms
(n) district, field, county, land, domain, region,
colony, duty, area, function, line, sphere, territory,
commonwealth, (v) department.
eyer saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v)
charge, burden, load, encumber, blame, burthen,
lumber.
eyerlemek saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v)
lumber.
eylem 1. action (etki, hareket, i); synonyms (n) act,
inaction, inactivity, 2. deed (i); synonyms (n) feat,
action, exploit, covenant, document, doing, effort,
fact, title, certificate, do, job, measure, move, paper,
3. activity (etkinlik, faaliyet); synonyms (n)
activeness, exercise, liveliness, agility, diligence,
energy, enterprise, industry, life, occupation, vigor,
work, enthusiasm, excitement, line; antonym (n)
inactiveness.
eyvah alas; synonyms (int) lackaday, (adv) regrettably,
unfortunately, unluckily, sadly, unhappily.
Turkish - English
ezgi strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch,
exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor,
exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax.
ezici overwhelming; synonyms (adj) overpowering,
devastating, irresistible, insurmountable, crushing,
monumental, amazing, astounding, tremendous,
awesome, breathtaking, consuming, formidable,
impossible, intense; antonym (adj) imperceptible.
eziyet 1. torture; synonyms (n) torment, distress,
pain, agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief,
misery, (v) rack, afflict, agonize, excruciate,
persecute, martyr, 2. punishment (ceza);
synonyms (n) discipline, correction, penalty,
penance, chastisement, fine, rebuke, retribution,
reward, execution, judgment, retaliation, payment,
reprimand, revenge.
ezmek stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms
(n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem,
(v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch,
characterize, shape, note.
F
faal 1. busy (megul); synonyms (adj) active, brisk,
assiduous, engaged, occupied, agile, crowded,
industrious, meddlesome, officious, live, diligent,
earnest, (v) occupy, employ; antonyms (adj) idle,
free, inactive, 2. energetic; synonyms (adj)
animated, busy, driving, dynamic, effective,
powerful, strong, emphatic, aggressive, efficacious,
efficient, enterprising, forceful, forcible, hearty;
antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, exhausted,
indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, dull,
indifferent, listless, 3. active (etkin); synonyms
(adj) energetic, alert, lively, nimble, alive, healthy,
mercurial, quick, spirited, sprightly, vigorous,
vivacious, vivid, operational, (v) smart; antonyms
(adj) dormant, latent, sedentary, slow, extinct,
passive, quiet.
faaliyet 1. activity (etkinlik); synonyms (n) action,
activeness, exercise, liveliness, play, job, agency,
agility, diligence, energy, enterprise, industry, life,
movement, occupation; antonyms (n) inactivity,
inaction, inactiveness, 2. action (etki, eylem,
hareket, i); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment,
activity, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight,
performance, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, (v)
achievement, combat, 3. play (oynamak);
synonyms (v) pastime, enact, perform, joke, execute,
fiddle, flirt, wager, (n) frolic, game, sport, bet,
diversion, gambol, romp; antonym (v) work.
fabrika 1. factory; synonyms (n) manufactory, mill,
plant, business, shop, works, 2. plant (bitki);
synonyms (n) equipment, factory, herb, (v) fix,
place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found,
lay, bury, cultivate, appoint, 3. works; synonyms
(n) workings, deeds,
167
4. mill; synonyms (n) grind,

grinder, machine, engine, gin, notch, implement,
instrument, lathe, (v) crush, pulverize, spar, (adj)
cent.
fabrikatr manufacturer; synonyms (n) maker,
builder, artificer, creator, shaper, producer, artist.
facia 1. tragedy (trajedi); synonyms (n) catastrophe,
calamity, disaster, misfortune, play, cataclysm,
drama, bale; antonym (n) humor, 2. disaster
(ykm); synonyms (n) accident, adversity, blow,
casualty, debacle, destruction, fiasco,
misadventure, affliction, curse, bane, distress, evil,
failure, flop; antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy.
fahi 1. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive,
impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual, 2.
unreasonable; synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd,
extravagant, immoderate, undue, preposterous,
illogical, inordinate, irrational, ridiculous,
senseless, silly, unconscionable, unfair, impossible;
antonyms (adj) reasonable, good-natured.
fahri 1. honorary; synonyms (adj) complimentary,
unpaid, voluntary, unbought, honorarium,
nominal, (adv) amateur, 2. voluntary; synonyms
(adj) spontaneous, optional, deliberate, gratuitous,
intentional, unforced, willing, willful, elective, (n)
volunteer; antonyms (adj) involuntary, compulsory,
forced, instinctive.
faiz interest (ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, advantage,
affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness,
enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care, benefit, appeal,
affect; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore.
fakat but (ama, ancak); synonyms (conj) while, (adv)
alone, only, though, barely, however, merely,
except, excluding.
fakir poor (fena, kt); synonyms (adj) bad, low,
miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil,
inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic, penniless,
piteous, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich,
admirable, good.
fakirlik 1. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need,
desire, (n) lack, poverty, wish, deficiency,
deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, demand,
destitution, indigence, necessity, penury; antonyms
(v) dislike, hate, 2. poverty (yoksulluk);
synonyms (n) distress, want, impoverishment,
pauperism, squalor, neediness, poorness, privation,
shortage, barrenness, inadequacy, hardship,
meagerness, misery, (adj) difficulty; antonyms (n)
wealth, riches.
faks fax; synonyms (n) autotype, (v) facsimile, telefax.
faktr factor (arpan, etmen); synonyms (n) agent,
168
Turkish - English

faklte 1. faculty; synonyms (n) capacity, aptitude,
capability, endowment, bent, facility, power, staff,
flair, efficiency, aptness, (adj) ability, cleverness,
talent, (v) gift; antonym (n) inability, 2. college;
synonyms (n) faculty, school, academy, association,
institute, society, institution, university, (adj)
academic.
familya family (aile); synonyms (n) descent,
household, name, breed, brood, clan, class, genus,
house, kin, lineage, people, (adj) home, ancestry,
domestic.
fantastik fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre,
extraordinary, antic, extravagant, grotesque,
marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful, capricious,
chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, (n) fanciful, (v)
fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, ordinary, real.
fantezi fantasy; synonyms (n) dream, fancy, illusion,
delusion, mirage, desire, fad, fiction, hallucination,
invention, reverie, vision, imaginativeness,
deception, (adj) make-believe; antonyms (n) reality,
(adj) real.
fare mouse; synonyms (n) track, trail, hunt, trace,
coward, bruise, (v) sneak, creep, steal, snoop, seek,
abstract, cabbage, cower, crawl.
fark 1. difference; synonyms (n) conflict, deviation,
change, contention, controversy, disagreement,
distinction, discord, discrepancy, dissimilarity,
divergence, quarrel, departure, balance, breach;
odds; synonyms (n) advantage, chance, likelihood,
possibility, probability, likeliness, chances,
prospect, handicap, superiority, edge, (v) difference,
dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 3.
contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n) contrariety,
antithesis, comparison, variation, collation,
opposite, line, (v) differ, oppose, collate, diverge,
clash, counterpoint, differentiate, (adj) vary, 4.
differentiation; synonyms (n) contrast,
demarcation, discrimination, specialization,
disparity, diorism, separation, inactivation, (v)
division, addition, approximation, equations,
estimation, evolution, interpolation, 5.
distinction; synonyms (n) eminence, rank,
celebrity, prestige, reputation, consequence,
differentiation, excellence, fame, name, note,
renown, credit, decoration, brilliance.
farknda 1. alive (canl); synonyms (adj) active, live,
living, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively,
responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate,
awake, extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased,
inanimate, 2. aware; synonyms (adj) attentive,
conscious, heedful, mindful, vigilant, sentient,
alert, enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable,
observant, wary, watchful, appreciative, apprised;

antonyms (adj) unaware, unconscious.
farkl 1. different (baka); synonyms (adj) another,
typical, 2. distinct (ayr); synonyms (adj) clear,
articulate, different, apparent, definite, distinctive,
palpable, decided, marked, plain, tangible, clearcut, audible, (prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms
(adj) indistinct, unclear, vague, inaudible, shapeless,
3. varied; synonyms (adj) mixed, diversified,
sundry, heterogeneous, manifold, motley, many,
versatile, odd; antonyms (adj) boring, dull,
homogeneous, uniform.
farkllk 1. inequality; synonyms (n) disparity,
difference, disproportion, dissimilitude, injustice,
variance, variation, discrepancy, imbalance,
inequity, unevenness, unfairness, (adj) odds;
antonyms (n) equality, justice, parity, 2. difference
(fark); synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change,
contention, controversy, disagreement, distinction,
discord, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel,
departure, balance, breach, (v) differentiate;
variety (varyete); synonyms (n) kind, sort,
species, form, style, type, breed, diversity, genus,
miscellany, nature, range, strain, assortment, (adj)
class; antonym (n) uniformity.
farksz indifferent (ilgisiz, kaytsz); synonyms
(adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive,
eager, energetic, involved, surprised.
farmason mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason,
farz assumption; synonyms (n) presumption,
supposition, hypothesis, premise, adoption,
arrogance, acceptance, belief, conclusion,
conjecture, guess, idea, surmise, theory, notion.
farzetmek 1. say (demek, sylemek); synonyms (v)
remark, articulate, express, pronounce, assert,
enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak,
state, tell, (n) declare, voice, 2. suppose
(sanmak); synonyms (v) believe, guess, infer,
assume, conjecture, consider, divine, estimate,
imagine, presume, reckon, speculate, calculate,
conceive, expect.
faizm fascism; synonyms (n) dictatorship,
despotism, oppression, totalitarianism, tyranny,
absolutism, bureaucracy, demagogy, racism,
regimentation, repression; antonym (n) democracy.
Turkish - English
fatih victor; synonyms (n) conqueror, champion,
winner, master, champ, superior; antonym (n)
loser.
fatura bill (gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account,
beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt,
act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard,
advertise, charge, list.
favori favourite; synonyms (adj) favored, (n) favorite,
darling, ducky, pet, dearie, deary, blaze, ingle, fire,
fireplace, flame, paramour.
fay fault (arza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms
merit, strength.
fayda 1. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage,
gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward,
service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail,
help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss,
(v) harm, 2. service (hizmet); synonyms (n)
employment, ministration, ceremony, business,
occupation, office, utility, agency, ministry,
homage, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, attendance,
repair, 3. use (kullanma, kullanmak);
synonyms (n) custom, practice, benefit, habit,
application, function, (v) exercise, employ, expend,
exploit, occupy, operate, spend, exert, (adj) usage;
antonym (v) conserve, 4. advantage (avantaj,
stnlk, yarar); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege,
account, expediency, lead, preponderance, virtue,
perk, boot, convenience, leverage, preference,
superiority, usefulness, vantage; antonyms (n)
detriment, difficulty, 5. gain (kazan); synonyms
(v) acquire, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win,
achieve, advance, make, reach, find, accomplish, (n)
earnings, acquisition; antonym (v) lose, 6. good
(iyi); synonyms (adj) able, delicious, right, efficient,
capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well,
advantageous, agreeable, desirable, generous, (n)
benign; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked,
unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 7. usefulness; synonyms
(n) practicality, effectiveness, efficacy, value,
handiness, importance, point, (adj) worth, merit;
antonym (n) uselessness, 8. utility; synonyms (n)
purpose, helpfulness, serviceableness, (adj)
functional.
faydal 1. beneficial; synonyms (adj) advantageous,
favorable, fruitful, handy, profitable, useful,
expedient, gainful, good, healthy, productive,
propitious, salutary, serviceable, wholesome;
antonyms (adj) useless, disadvantageous, harmful,
2. helpful; synonyms (adj) beneficial, friendly,
beneficent, convenient, accommodating,
constructive, instrumental, kindly, obliging,
valuable, auspicious, generous, rewarding, (n)
benevolent, (v) adjuvant; antonyms (adj) unhelpful,
169
uncooperative, worthless, 3. profitable; synonyms

(adj) helpful, lucrative, desirable, economic, fat,
edifying, fertile, commercial, moneymaking,

usable, worthwhile; antonyms (adj) unprofitable,
dependent, 4. useful; synonyms (adj) practical,
effective, functional, clever, efficient, suitable,
comfortable, important, practicable, proper, sound,
dexterous, effectual, meaningful, positive; antonym
(adj) ineffective.
faydasz useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless,
faz phase (evre, safha); synonyms (n) aspect, stage,
facet, chapter, grade, circumstance, condition,
degree, appearance, form, leg, level, period, side,
situation.
fazilet 1. merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert,
excellence, 2. virtue (erdem); synonyms (n)
chastity, honor, honesty, decency, morality,
probity, efficacy, good, modesty, potency, strength,
innocence, integrity, (adj) merit, attribute; antonyms
(n) wickedness, guilt.
fazla 1. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess,
free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup, 2. too
(dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, likewise, besides,
excessively, over, overly, further, furthermore,
moreover, extremely, equally, and, unduly,
similarly, 3. much (ok); synonyms (adv) greatly,
frequently, almost, awfully, considerably, far, most,
often, pretty, highly, (n) lot, heap, (adj) great,
considerable, practically; antonym (adv) slightly, 4.
extra; synonyms (adj) odd, auxiliary, other,
redundant, spare, (adv) more, especially, (n)
supplement, accessory, plus, supernumerary,
antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack, 5. excess;
synonyms (adj) superfluous, (n) surplus, dissipation,
extravagance, plethora, abundance, exaggeration,
glut, overabundance, overindulgence, overplus,
remainder, rest, superfluity, surfeit; antonyms (n)
shortage, restraint, moderation, dearth, shortfall.
fazladan extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd,
antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack.
fazlalk 1. excess; synonyms (adj) extra, additional, (n)
surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora,
170
Turkish - English
moderation, dearth, shortfall, 2. surplus;

synonyms (adj) superfluous, odd, redundant, spare,
unnecessary, residual, (n) excess, balance, surfeit,
remnant, overflow, leftover, residue, nimiety, (adv)
over; antonyms (n) necessary, scarcity.
feci 1. disastrous; synonyms (adj) calamitous,
destructive, dire, fateful, deplorable, bad,
catastrophic, fatal, sad, sinister, terrible,
unfortunate, unlucky, untoward, (v) ruinous;
antonyms (adj) fortunate, successful, 2. tragic;
synonyms (adj) disastrous, dreadful, grievous,
tragical, woeful, comic, heartbreaking, histrionic,
scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing, humorous.
federal federal; synonyms (adj) national, union,
confederate, federative, central, public, united, (n)
fed.
federasyon federation; synonyms (n) alliance,
association, coalition, confederacy, combination,
confederation, league, organization, union,
commonwealth, consolidation, society.
felaket 1. disaster (ykm); synonyms (n) calamity,
antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy, 2. tragedy
(trajedi); synonyms (n) disaster, play, drama, bale;
antonym (n) humor.
fel stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n) touch, beat,
caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact,
knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow.
felek destiny; synonyms (n) fate, chance, fortune,
kismet, luck, destination, lot, portion, weird,
accident, circumstances, (v) doom.
felsefe philosophy; synonyms (n) doctrine, logic,
stoicism, theory, attitude, ism, belief, beliefs,
reasoning, thinking, view, viewpoint, culture,
ethos, hypothesis.
felsefi philosophical; synonyms (adj) philosophic,
cool, (v) sedate, contemplative, deliberative,
introspective, meditative, museful, pensive,
platonic, reflective, thoughtful.
fena 1. evil (kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj) bad,
corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved,
righteousness, 2. poor (fakir, kt); synonyms
(adj) low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute,
evil, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic,
penniless, piteous, pitiful, (v) meager, (n) mean;
antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate,
privileged, well-off, admirable, 3. bad (kt);
synonyms (adj) adverse, immoral, naughty,
poisonous, sad, sinister, malicious, infamous,
appalling, awful, damaging, devilish, disagreeable,
dreadful, (v) decayed; antonyms (adj) fresh,
pleasant, well, well-behaved, 4. miserable (sefil);
synonyms (adj) poor, abject, desolate, downcast,

measly, unhappy, distressed, lamentable, cheerless,
contemptible, dejected, depressed, despondent, (v)
forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful,
generous, 5. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing,
diseased, unhealthy, nauseous, (adv) badly, poorly,
sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint, hurt, ailment,
mischief, calamity; antonym (adj) healthy.
fenalk evil (fena, kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj)
righteousness.
fener lamp (lamba); synonyms (n) light, look,
beacon, view, glance, alfalfa, glimpse, lucern, (v)
behold, regard, perceive, gape, gaze, inspect,
observe.
fenomen phenomenon; synonyms (n) event,
appearance, marvel, miracle, incident,
development, prodigy, wonder, occurrence,
happening, apparition, fact, sight, manifestation,
matter.
feodal feudal; synonyms (adj) feudalistic, medieval.
feragat surrender; synonyms (n) resign, resignation,
capitulation, release, (v) concede, relinquish,
abandon, render, capitulate, deliver, submit,
forsake, forfeit, leave, cede; antonyms (v) conquer,
resist, appropriate, fight, persevere, subdue, win.
ferah 1. spacious; synonyms (adj) roomy, broad,
extensive, large, ample, wide, capacious,
commodious, vast, comprehensive, big, expansive,
extended, liberal, open; antonyms (adj) cramped,
narrow, 2. wide (geni); synonyms (adj) spacious,
expanded, full, sweeping, deep, thick, blanket,
tolerant, general, huge, cavernous, copious, (adv)
far, widely, astray; antonyms (adj) thin, restricted.
feribot ferry (araba vapuru); synonyms (n)
ferryboat, boat, ford, pass, passage, ship, (v) carry,
convey, transfer, transport, take, bring.
ferman writ; synonyms (n) command, edict,
injunction, order, act, agreement, expression,
indictment, law, (v) communicate, (adj) brief,
common, concise, epitome, prevalent.
fert individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj)
vague, (n) collective.
feryat 1. cry (alamak, barmak); synonyms (n)
shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying,
(v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan;
antonyms (v) laugh, whisper, 2. shout
(barmak); synonyms (v) cry, bawl, hollo, hail,
holler, hoop, whoop, yelp, proclaim, (n) cheer,
halloo, outcry, screech, exclamation, wail.
Turkish - English
fesat 1. corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n)
incorruptness, 2. sinister; synonyms (adj) dark,
ominous, baleful, black, forbidding, menacing,
threatening, malevolent, malign, grim, ill,
inauspicious, minacious, minatory, ugly.
feshetmek cancel (iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms
(v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate,
remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate,
obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v)
validate.
fesih dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup,
licentiousness.
festival festival; synonyms (n) feast, carnival, fete,
celebration, fair, festivity, holiday, fte, fiesta, gala,
jamboree, party, anniversary, (adj) ball.
fetih conquest; synonyms (n) victory, conquering,
defeat, triumph, achievement, reduction, coup,
rout, mastery, occupation, overthrow, subjection,
subjugation, success, win; antonym (n) surrender.
fevkalade 1. marvellous; synonyms (adj) fantastic,
marvelous, miraculous, tall, terrific, tremendous,
wonderful, wondrous, improbable, fantastical,
rattling, antic, grotesque, brisk, crying, 2.
extraordinary; synonyms (adj) distinguished,
curious, exceptional, odd, abnormal, amazing,
astonishing, bizarre, extra, phenomenal, rare,
special, strange, unusual, famous; antonyms (adj)
ordinary, normal, everyday, 3. remarkable;
synonyms (adj) extraordinary, notable, noteworthy,
conspicuous, illustrious, great, noticeable,
outstanding, signal, singular, uncommon,
prominent, funny, peculiar, (n) memorable;
antonyms (adj) insignificant, unremarkable.
f 1. barrel; synonyms (n) drum, roll, vessel,
barrelful, cask, container, vase, vat, jar, plug, much,
pot, bbl, bushel, (v) fly, 2. vat; synonyms (n) tub,
barrel, tun.
fidanlk nursery; synonyms (n) kindergarten,
greenhouse, cradle, seminary, nest, glasshouse,
puberty, pucelage, pupilage, reformatory,
schoolroom, womb, childhood, playgroup,
seminarist.
fide set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm); synonyms
(v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate,
define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed,
fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n)
combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid.
figr figure (ekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance,
character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour,
171
emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count, calculate,

cipher.
figran extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd,
fihrist index (dizin, indeks); synonyms (n)
catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger,
roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indication,
indicator, indices, mark, (v) list.
fiil 1. verb; synonym (n) vocable, 2. act
(n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute,
decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go,
perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 3.
deed (i); synonyms (n) act, behavior, exploit,
covenant, activity, document, doing, effort, fact,
title, agency, certificate, job, measure, paper.
fiilen virtually; synonyms (adv) almost, literally, most,
close, (adj) nearly, near, practically, about, nigh,
negatively.
fiili 1. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial,
ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative, 2. actual
(gerek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true,
factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable,
literal, precise, tangible, veritable, very, concrete, (n)
accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical,
supposed.
fikir 1. conception; synonyms (n) notion, concept,
idea, creation, thought, view, mind, apprehension,
belief, comprehension, design, fancy, image,
imagination, impression; antonym (n)
misconception, 2. opinion; synonyms (n)
judgment, feeling, advice, conjecture, guess,
meaning, counsel, comment, estimate, decision,
conviction, attitude, estimation, hypothesis, look,
3. idea; synonyms (n) opinion, conception,
consideration, plan, suggestion, conceit,
appearance, aim, inspiration, object, perception,
purpose, reason, supposition, suspicion, 4. mind
(akl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head,
inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, mentality,
(v) care, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj)
heed; antonym (v) forget, 5. notion; synonyms (n)
caprice, hunch, inkling, whim, impulse, effect,
fantasy, hint, sense, understanding, dream, intent,
viewpoint, judgement, (v) freak, 6. concept;
synonyms (n) theory, vision, construct, 7. voice
(ses); synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part,
suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate, express, pronounce,
say, speak, utter, vocalize, articulate, state, 8.
thought; synonyms (v) observation, consider, (n)
172
Turkish - English
reflection, sentiment, attention, cogitation,

thinking, intention, cerebration, contemplation,
intellection, meditation, study, reasoning, musing;
antonym (n) fact.
fkra 1. clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph,
stipulation, (v) passage, 2. article; synonyms (n)
object, thing, clause, commodity, composition,
discourse, entity, essay, feature, paper, report,
review, story, ware, dissertation, 3. joke;
synonyms (n) jest, banter, hoax, fun, caper, gag,
game, quip, antic, farce, humor, jape, jocularity,
pleasantry, (v) chaff; antonym (n) tragedy.
fil 1. elephant; synonyms (n) camel, dromedary,
giant, llama, monster, (adj) behemoth, cachalot,
whale, hippopotamus, leviathan, porpoise, 2.
bishop; synonyms (n) archbishop, primate,
clergyman, elder, eminence, episcopant,
metropolitan, minister, (v) wassail, cup, flip, grog,
negus, punch, purl.
fildii ivory; synonyms (n) bone, tusk, dentin,
elephant, bead, drop, pearl, yellow, (adj) chalk, lily,
milk, paper, pearly, snow, white.
filiz shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash,
drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n)
scion, branch, sprout, chute.
film 1. movie; synonyms (n) film, flick, pic, picture,
show, cinema, image, celluloid, characterisation,
characterization, delineation, depiction, exposure,
icon, ikon, 2. film; synonyms (n) membrane,
coating, cloud, coat, covering, haze, layer, movie,
skin, fog, crust, flake, casing, (v) mist, photograph,
3. picture (grnt, resim, tablo); synonyms (n)
effigy, paint, drawing, likeness, description,
illustration, landscape, (v) describe, draw, depict,
fancy, imagine, copy, envision, figure.
filo 1. fleet; synonyms (n) armada, float, marine, (adj)
swift, fast, expeditious, agile, quick, brisk, rapid,
speedy, hasty, (v) flit, fly, hurry, 2. squadron;
synonyms (n) fleet, group, brigade, corps, flotilla,
navy, battalion, cavalry.
filozof philosopher; synonyms (n) thinker, theorist,
pundit, intellectual, mastermind, philosophaster,
philosophe, scholar, academic, alchemist, dreamer,
guru, mystic.
filtre filter (szge, szmek); synonyms (n) strainer,
(v) percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify,
refine, screen, strain, dribble, drop, clean,
permeate; antonym (v) contaminate.
final final (son); synonyms (adj) conclusive, decisive,
definite, extreme, latter, definitive, last, ultimate,
irrevocable, decided, concluding, eventual, net,
peremptory, firm; antonyms (adj) first, opening,
preliminary.
finansal financial (parasal); synonyms (adj) fiscal,
economic, monetary, pecuniary, commercial,
crumenal, business, numismatical, sumptuary,

budgeting, numismatic, pocket.
fincan cup; synonyms (n) chalice, basin, trophy,
destiny, fate, bowl, cupful, glass, portion, bleed.
firar 1. escape (kamak); synonyms (v) elude, break,
dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave,
duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet;
antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. flight (uu);
synonyms (n) escape, herd, flying, avolation,
exodus, elopement, departure, aviation, flock,
retreat, crossing, journey, (adj) bevy, drove, cloud.
fra brush; synonyms (n) brushwood, clash, collision,
conflict, copse, encounter, (v) broom, graze, sweep,
touch, clean, kiss, rub, scour, (adj) rake.
fralama brush (fra); synonyms (n) brushwood,
clash, collision, conflict, copse, encounter, (v)
broom, graze, sweep, touch, clean, kiss, rub, scour,
(adj) rake.
fralamak brush (fra); synonyms (n) brushwood,
clash, collision, conflict, copse, encounter, (v)
broom, graze, sweep, touch, clean, kiss, rub, scour,
(adj) rake.
frn 1. oven; synonyms (n) kiln, furnace, stove,
heater, range, boiler, 2. stove; synonyms (n) ambit,
chain, compass, grasp, orbit, reach, scope, warmer,
3. cooker; synonym (n) cook.
frnc baker; synonyms (n) cook, chef, doughboy.
frlama 1. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v)
hop, spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear,
dance, (n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet;
antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 2. spring (bahar,
ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, fountain, source,
proceed, arise, issue, prance, (adj) elastic.
frlamak spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n)
jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance,
(adj) elastic.
frlatma projection (izdm); synonyms (n) bulge,
hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge,
overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion,
forecast, (adj) salient.
frlatmak 1. cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms (v) hurl,
casting, mold, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud,
discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire,
germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 3.
shy (ekingen, rkek); synonyms (adj) diffident,
backward, careful, (v) cast, pitch; antonyms (adj)
outgoing, 4. launch; synonyms (n) boat,
inauguration, initiation, launching, (v) initiate,
begin, found, introduce, toss, commence, establish,
Turkish - English
inaugurate, institute, start, open; antonym (v) end,
5. throw (atmak); synonyms (v) flip, pass, deliver,
drop, give, hurtle, jerk, make, project, bewilder,
dumbfound, mystify, (n) push, shot, shy, 6. send
(gndermek, yollamak); synonyms (v) despatch,
convey, dispatch, mail, post, carry, divert, beam,
channel, commit, consign, direct, place, put,
transmit.
firma firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj) constant,
hard, stable, close, compact, determined, fixed,
resolute, solid, steadfast, steady, strong, decisive,
(v) faithful; antonyms (adj) irresolute, soft, weak,
hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy.
frsat 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack,
mend, (n) continuation, 2. occasion; synonyms (n)
case, event, chance, episode, happening, incident,
juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create,
beget, breed, induce, make, 3. opportunity;
synonyms (n) opening, luck, occasion, room, time,
alternative, break, option, possibility, scope, shot,
fortune, choice, leisure, likelihood, 4. show
(gsteri, gstermek); synonyms (v) present,
broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade,
demonstrate, disclose, evidence, (n) display,
appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation,
presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide,
5. opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture,
beginning, cleft, commencement, door, entrance,
hole, chasm, onset, crevice, entry, (adj) preliminary,
first; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale, (adj)
final, 6. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, probability,
venture, accident, contingency, fate, random, turn,
(adj) accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet,
befall, happen; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj)
deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 7. scope
(kapsam); synonyms (n) range, reach, domain,
purview, expanse, area, compass, drift, extent,
oscilloscope, gamut, amplitude, breadth,
dimension, (v) view, 8. room (oda); synonyms (n)
chamber, latitude, apartment, hall, house, flat,
margin, cabin, field, leeway, office, place, space,
home, (v) board.
frtna storm; synonyms (n) tempest, attack, shower,
blizzard, burst, gust, hurricane, (v) rage, rush,
assault, fume, hail, charge, bluster, invade.
frtnal 1. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt,
contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy,
impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil,
contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms
(adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean,
2. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard,
173

even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 3. heavy (ar);
synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, fat, full,
grave, arduous, bulky, burdensome, grievous,
oppressive, thick, compact, ample; antonyms (adj)
light, easy, slim, thin, slight, puny, skinny, 4.
angry (kzgn, fkeli); synonyms (adj) furious,
incensed, provoked, fierce, irate, raging, vehement,
maddened, fuming, outraged, piqued, splenetic,
angered, annoyed, boiling; antonyms (adj) calm,
pleased, 5. turbulent; synonyms (adj)
tempestuous, tumultuous, rough, disorderly, noisy,
riotous, violent, wild, rude, troubled, unruly,
agitated, angry, loud, (n) stormy, 6. ugly (irkin);
synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable, forbidding,
frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive,
surly, evil, offensive, atrocious, deformed,
grotesque, horrible; antonyms (adj) beautiful,
attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental.
fi check (ek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms
(v) bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain,
bar, dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill,
cheque.
fiek shell (kabuk); synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet,
case, casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v)
bomb, bombard, husk, pod, blast.
fsldamak 1. whisper; synonyms (n) buzz, hum,
rustle, breath, trace, undertone, rumor, (v) murmur,
breathe, mumble, hint, suggestion, hiss, inkling,
innuendo; antonym (v) shout, 2. breathe (nefes
almak, solumak); synonyms (v) blow, exhale,
live, subsist, be, emit, exist, imply, rest, whisper,
inspire, convey, heave, (n) respire, bespeak.
fslt 1. whisper; synonyms (n) buzz, hum, rustle,
breath, trace, undertone, rumor, (v) murmur,
breathe, mumble, hint, suggestion, hiss, inkling,
innuendo; antonym (v) shout, 2. breath (nefes,
soluk); synonyms (n) spirit, wind, air, inspiration,
puff, aspiration, breather, breeze, flash, flatus, gust,
instant, jiffy, respite, (adj) whisper.
fkrmak well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily,
thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy,
fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v)
gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick,
unwell, dying, nauseous.
fkrtmak jet; synonyms (n) squirt, fountain, flow,
spout, spray, airplane, current, outpouring, (v)
gush, spurt, fly, pour, flood, emit, (adj) raven.
fskiye fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source,
origin, well, derivation, root, spout, squirt,
wellspring, (v) spring, flow.
fitil cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond,
tie, twine, tape, lace, rope, thread, whipcord, yarn,
leash, fiber, cable, (v) knot.
fiyasko failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n)
174
Turkish - English

growth.
fiyat 1. price (eder); synonyms (n) cost, worth,
charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll,
(v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit,
value, 2. cost; synonyms (n) price, disbursement,
expenditure, rate, sacrifice, budget, forfeit, bill,
expenses, loss, outlay, quotation, penalty, (v) be, 3.
figure (figr, ekil); synonyms (n) form,
appearance, character, shape, build, contour,
emblem, fashion, image, number, (v) design, cast,
count, calculate, cipher, 4. rate (oran); synonyms
(n) pace, percentage, frequency, gait, (v) evaluate,
appreciate, compute, put, rank, esteem, gauge,
prize, deserve, measure, order.
fiyonk bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn,
curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle,
crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer.
fiziksel physical; synonyms (adj) material, bodily,
actual, corporeal, tangible, animal, carnal, concrete,
corporal, real, palpable, earthly, manual, sensual,
(adv) fleshly; antonyms (adj) spiritual, mental,
intangible.
fizyolojik physiological; synonym (adj) physiologic.
fla flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer,
glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle,
blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle,
lighten.
flora flora; synonyms (n) vegetation, plant, plants,
verdure, foliage, undergrowth, works.
fok seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet,
hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar,
close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude;
antonyms (v) open, unseal.
fon 1. fund; synonyms (n) stock, store, capital, bank,
reserve, savings, supply, cache, endowment, (v)
hoard, bankroll, finance, accumulate, back,
sponsor, 2. background (arka plan); synonyms
(n) backdrop, groundwork, setting, basis, context,
fonksiyon function (ilev); synonyms (n) position,
office, place, role, service, work, agency,
application, duty, employment, (v) act, exercise,
run, serve, go.
fonksiyonel functional; synonyms (adj) practical,
effective, handy, operational, operative, working,
serviceable, official, operable, running, useful;
antonyms (adj) nonfunctional, useless.
fonlama funding; synonyms (n) financing, backing,
support, appropriation, investment,
accompaniment, backup, business, care,
championship, documentation, economics,
endowment, money, provision.
form 1. form (biim); synonyms (n) figure, design,

arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, (v)
cast, make, fashion, build, constitute, establish,
carve, construct, 2. shape (biim, ekil);
synonyms (n) mold, pattern, condition,
configuration, frame, outline, (v) form, model,
mould, determine, adjust, fit, influence, regulate,
knead.
forma strip; synonyms (n) band, slip, (v) deprive,
despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude,
ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare; antonyms
(v) dress, decorate.
formasyon formation; synonyms (n) constitution,
creation, establishment, construction, genesis,
arrangement, composition, organization,
configuration, conformation, generation,
production, architecture, erection, (v) fabrication;
antonym (n) destruction.
format format (biim); synonyms (n) form, size,
formatting, shape, organization, structure,
template, mold, construction, system, (v) set,
arrange, coif, coiffe, coiffure.
formda fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree,
accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond,
square, accord, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable,
appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj)
unfit, inappropriate, unwell.
forml formula; synonyms (n) form, law, convention,
expression, formality, method, principle, rule,
canon, fashion, figure, formulary, pattern,
prescription, procedure.
forum forum; synonyms (n) agora, assembly, court,
pulpit, square, ambo, amphitheater, symposium,
platform, rostrum, state, conference, assemblage,
seminar, auditorium.
fosil fossil; synonyms (n) fogey, fogy, dodo,
conservative, parent, relic, (adj) flint, obsolete,
granite, preglacial, quartz, ancient, marble, old,
pebble.
fotoraf 1. photograph; synonyms (n) image, photo,
picture, likeness, portrait, print, copy, pic,
exposure, heliograph, photocopy, (v) film, shoot,
snap, flick, 2. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot,
injection, go, fling, ball, crack, attempt, bang, bullet,
chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, guess, (adj)
iridescent, 3. picture (grnt, resim, tablo);
synonyms (n) photograph, effigy, paint, drawing,
depiction, description, icon, illustration, (v)
describe, draw, depict, fancy, imagine, envision,
figure, 4. photo.
fotoraf photographer; synonyms (n)
photographist, press.
fotoraflk photography; synonyms (n)
cinematography, heliography, photogeny,
shooting.
ftr felt; synonyms (v) mat, snarl, tangle, braid,
entangle, (adj) perceived, sensed, conscious.
Turkish - English
frekans frequency (sklk); synonyms (n) frequence,
incidence, commonness, prevalence, constancy,
oftenness, abundance, oftness, pitch, density,
community, concourse, crowd, generalness,
measure.
fuar fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj) equitable,
clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine,
impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n)
bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj)
unwarranted.
funda heath; synonyms (n) heather, heathland,
prairie, steppe, waste, wild, basin, desert, plain,
veldt, grig, pampas, savanna.
futbol 1. football; synonyms (n) soccer, hockey, note,
baseball, basketball, footie, 2. soccer; synonyms (n)
football, ball, gridiron.
fze 1. missile; synonyms (n) bullet, shot, projectile,
rocket, bolt, bomb, explosive, quoit, ammunition,
club, messenger, missive, weapon, beast, bird, 2.
rocket (roket); synonyms (n) missile, arugula,
brickbat, carcass, grenade, (v) soar, rise, skyrocket,
zoom; antonyms (v) plummet, dawdle.
G
gaddar cruel; synonyms (adj) barbarous, brutal, hard,
harsh, heartless, unkind, bitter, bloody, atrocious,
biting, fierce, inhuman, merciless, ruthless, savage;
antonyms (adj) gentle, kind, merciful, humane,
liberal, sympathetic.
gaddarlk cruelty; synonyms (n) brutality, barbarity,
cruelness, oppression, ferociousness, ferocity,
harshness, mercilessness, ruthlessness, tyranny,
violence, sadism, barbarism, abuse, fierceness;
antonyms (n) compassion, kindness, friendliness,
gentleness.
gaga bill (fatura, hesap); synonyms (n) account,
beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt,
act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard,
advertise, charge, list.
galaksi galaxy; synonyms (n) constellation,
beetleweed, bevy, cosmos, galax, bunch, coltsfoot,
speckling, wandflower, (adj) array, army, sea, sight,
star, sun.
galeri gallery; synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift,
veranda, circle, porch, terrace, verandah,
galiba presumably; synonyms (adv) likely,
presumptively, apparently, probably, seemingly,
supposedly, allegedly, superficially, credible,
doubtlessly, hypothetically, indubitably,
reasonably, surely, (adj) doubtless.
galibiyet 1. victory (zafer); synonyms (n) triumph,
conquest, success, mastery, subjugation,
175
superiority, achievement, expugnation, feat;

antonyms (n) defeat, beating, failure, loss, 2. win
(kazanmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get,
attain, obtain, conquer, achieve, earn, prevail,
secure, take, succeed, carry, vanquish, procure;
antonym (v) lose.
galip 1. winner; synonyms (n) champion, conqueror,
success, achiever, master, hit; antonyms (n) loser,
failure, flop, 2. victor; synonyms (n) winner,
champ, superior, 3. triumphant; synonyms (adj)
jubilant, victorious, successful, triumphal, exulting,
winning, conquering, elated, gleeful, joyful,
prideful, rejoicing, (v) exultant; antonym (adj)
unsuccessful.
gam 1. scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,
(v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj)
balance; antonym (v) descend, 2. sorrow (ac);
synonyms (n) grief, mourning, regret, sadness,
anguish, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence,
remorse, repentance, (adj) distress, (v) mourn,
lament, grieve; antonyms (n) joy, delight,
happiness.
ganimet 1. capture; synonyms (v) bag, catch, take,
apprehend, captivate, carry, ensnare, get, seize,
bewitch, acquire, beguile, (n) arrest, seizure,
apprehension; antonyms (v) release, surrender, 2.
prize; synonyms (n) award, plunder, treasure,
booty, premium, loot, price, trophy, (v) appreciate,
esteem, cherish, honor, value, admire, pry.
garanti guarantee; synonyms (n) bail, assure,
guaranty, warranty, assurance, pledge, warrant,
bond, collateral, deposit, (v) certify, promise,
engage, endorse, ensure.
gard guard (beki); synonyms (n) defend, defense,
bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman,
custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v)
shield, keep.
gardiyan 1. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian,
guard, defender, protector, champion, curator,
warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer,
(adj) protective, custodial, tutelary, 2. guard
(beki); synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark,
care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody,
convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield,
keep.
garip 1. strange; synonyms (adj) extraneous, foreign,
peculiar, abnormal, curious, extraordinary,
irregular, mysterious, new, odd, outlandish,
unusual, rare, alien, anomalous; antonyms (adj)
normal, ordinary, familiar, typical, 2. fantastic;
synonyms (adj) bizarre, antic, extravagant,
grotesque, marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful,
capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, great,
(n) fanciful, (v) fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, real, 3.
funny; synonyms (adj) comical, amusing, droll,
176
Turkish - English
eccentric, facetious, fishy, diverting, comic,

entertaining, farcical, humorous, laughable, queer,
suspicious, (adv) funnily; antonyms (adj) serious,
grave, 4. bizarre; synonyms (adj) singular,
fantastic, freakish, outre, quaint, remarkable,
striking, erratic, different, eerie, exotic, freaky,
incredible, offbeat, quizzical, 5. curious;
synonyms (adj) funny, interested, inquiring,
inquisitive, weird, whimsical, interesting, intrusive,
meddling, overcurious, surprising, eager,
meddlesome, nosy, particular; antonym (adj)
incurious, 6. odd (tek); synonyms (adj)
exceptional, chance, novel, individual,
unaccountable, casual, crazy, atypical, leftover,
occasional, rum, rummy, uncommon, uneven,
wacky; antonym (adj) even.
garson waiter; synonyms (n) server, attendant, salver,
servant, tray, bridegroom, disposition, groom,
habit, host, kidney, kind, sort, flunky.
gasp grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get,
snatch, appropriate, clasp, clutch, fascinate,
grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract, (n) arrest, catch,
seizure.
gaydac piper; synonyms (n) bagpiper, fiddler, fifer,
harper, trumpeter, pepper.
gaye 1. aim (ama, hedef); synonyms (n) intent,
objective, plan, target, design, intention, meaning,
(v) purpose, direct, object, point, address, endeavor,
aspire, propose, 2. cause (neden); synonyms (n)
case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v)
make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget,
bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 3. goal
(hedef, kale); synonyms (n) aim, butt, destination,
end, basket, ambition, aspiration, limit, finish,
home, mark, mission, reason, wish, (v) bound, 4.
purpose (ama, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n)
mind, effect, purport, resolve, motive,
determination, function, goal, idea, cause, decision,
drift, (v) project, intend, decide.
gayret 1. effort (aba); synonyms (n) attempt,
exertion, application, drive, endeavor, struggle,
trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, push, campaign,
cause, crusade, 2. energy (enerji, g);
synonyms (n) animation, dash, force, life, spirit,
determination, effort, might, strength, vigor,
vitality, capability, action, activity, dynamism;
antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion,
tiredness, weakness, idleness, sluggishness, 3.
industry (endstri); synonyms (n) business,
industriousness, labor, toil, trade, work,
assiduousness, manufacture, commerce.
gayretli 1. eager; synonyms (adj) avid, desirous,
ardent, earnest, agog, acute, ambitious,
enthusiastic, keen, zealous, industrious, studious,
active, burning, craving; antonyms (adj) indifferent,
apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned, 2.
vigorous; synonyms (adj) robust, strong, energetic,
hardy, lively, powerful, strenuous, athletic, hearty,

mighty, healthy, smart, brawny, (n) brave, (v) brisk;
antonyms (adj) feeble, lethargic, weak, dull,
unenergetic.
gaz gas (benzin); synonyms (n) gasoline, petrol, air,
fumes, accelerator, flatulence, petroleum, oil,
gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag, vaunt, blague, blow.
gazete 1. newspaper; synonyms (n) journal, gazette,
magazine, paper, news, periodical, print, publisher,
newsprint, press, publication, 2. journal
(gnlk); synonyms (n) diary, book, newspaper,
ephemeris, chronicle, log, record, annals, calendar,
organ, review, annual, (adj) daybook, daily, diurnal,
3. sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, layer, leaf,
canvas, film, coat, coating, blanket, cover, coverlet,
piece, plane, sail, mainsheet, pane, 4. paper;
synonyms (n) document, article, discourse,
certificate, essay, report, composition, form, ticket,
dissertation, exposition, theme, thesis, writing, (v)
wallpaper.
gazeteci journalist; synonyms (n) reporter, writer,
author, chronicler, diarist, newscaster.
gazetecilik journalism; synonyms (n) press, author,
essayist, correspondent, literature, litterateur,
prose, text, writer, writing, copy.
gebe pregnant (hamile); synonyms (adj) pithy,
significant, fraught, enceinte, expectant, gravid,
heavy, big, meaning, teeming, important, (v) telling,
emphatic.
gebelik pregnancy; synonyms (n) gravidity,
gestation, fertility, behavior, childbearing,
departure, doings, fetation, going, pregnance,
uterogestation, traveling, (adj) procreation,
propagation, pullulation.
ge late; synonyms (adj) former, dead, deceased,
behindhand, belated, delayed, modern, slow, tardy,
dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh, backward,
belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early,
punctually, promptly, punctual.
gece 1. night (akam); synonyms (n) dark, evening,
dusk, darkness, nighttime, twilight, (adj) nocturnal;
antonyms (n) day, light, 2. evening (akam);
synonyms (n) even, eve, eventide, nightfall, sunset,
night, sundown; antonyms (n) dawn, daybreak.
geceleyin overnight; synonyms (adj) nightlong,
meteoric, temporary, (n) tour, trip, voyage, (v)
travel.
geen 1. last (son, srmek); synonyms (v) endure,
continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide,
conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate,
conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n)
opening, (adj) first, 2. past (gemi); synonyms
(adj) beyond, bygone, former, old, back, earlier,
gone, over, preceding, preterit, previous, (n)
history, (adv) by, before, (prf) along; antonyms (adj)
contemporary, current, (prep) within, (n) future,
Turkish - English
present, prospect, 3. passing (geici); synonyms
(adj) ephemeral, fleeting, momentary, transient,
brief, cursory, fugitive, impermanent, casual, (n)
overtaking, death, decease, departure, expiration,
passage; antonyms (adj) permanent, lasting.
geenlerde lately; synonyms (adv) recently, late,
freshly, latterly, newly, just, new, (adj) anew, afresh.
geer current (akm, cari, geerli); synonyms (adj)
previous.
Geerli 1. valid; synonyms (adj) legal, sound, right,
genuine, solid, forcible, substantial, authentic,
good, legitimate, powerful, rightful, strong, true,
cogent; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid,
annulled, bogus, illogical, 2. current (akm, cari);
(prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, oldfashioned, previous, 3. effective (etkin);
synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual,
efficacious, operative, fruitful, positive, active,
forceful, important, influential, (n) competent,
capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective,
useless, weak, inoperative, 4. sound (ses);
synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, blow,
(adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, just, rational,
unsound, confused.
geerlik validity; synonyms (n) force, truth,
authority, legitimacy, soundness, certainty,
cogency, effect, power, effectiveness, reality,
authenticity, vigor, credibility, hardness.
geerlilik validity (geerlik); synonyms (n) force,
truth, authority, legitimacy, soundness, certainty,
authenticity, vigor, credibility, hardness.
geersiz illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden,
prohibited, unauthorized, unlawful, illegitimate,
illicit, lawless, taboo, wrongful; antonyms (adj)
legal, lawful, honest, legitimate, official.
geici 1. temporary; synonyms (adj) ephemeral,
passing, temporal, acting, momentary, fleeting,
impermanent, provisional, transient, transitory,
brief, fugitive, stopgap, irregular, substitute;
antonyms (adj) permanent, continuous, enduring,
eternal, everlasting, long-term, 2. passing;
synonyms (adj) cursory, casual, fugacious,
temporary, (n) overtaking, death, decease,
departure, expiration, passage, demise, exit, going,
motion, pass; antonym (adj) lasting, 3. tentative;
synonyms (adj) doubtful, experimental,
probationary, trial, exploratory, shy, cautious,
conditional, hesitant, indecisive, indefinite,
177
provisionary, undecided; antonyms (adj) definite,

sure, 4. interim; synonyms (adj) concomitance,
concurrence, (n) interval, interlude, distance,
intermission, lag, pause, while, (adv) meantime, 5.
volatile (uucu); synonyms (adj) changeable,
erratic, frivolous, unstable, mercurial, giddy,
capricious, flighty, variable, inconstant, excitable,
unsteady, airy, light, (v) fickle; antonym (adj) stable,
6. provisional; synonyms (adj) makeshift,
tentative, interim, provisory, qualified, given,
probative, probatory.
gecikme 1. delay (geciktirmek); synonyms (n)
pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral,
extension, (v) defer, check, postpone, reserve,
adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms (n)
punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance, 2.
detention; synonyms (n) delay, custody,
confinement, apprehension, captivity, detainment,
constraint, capture, hold, imprisonment,
incarceration, internment, prison, restraint, (v)
keep; antonyms (n) freedom, release.
gecikmek delay (gecikme, geciktirmek);

(n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance.
gecikmi late (ge); synonyms (adj) former, dead,
deceased, behindhand, belated, delayed, modern,
slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh,
backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv)
early, punctually, promptly, punctual.
geciktirme delay (gecikme, geciktirmek);

(n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance.
geciktirmek delay (gecikme); synonyms (n) pause,
arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral, extension, (v)
defer, check, postpone, reserve, adjourn, break,
detain, hesitate; antonyms (n) punctuality,
decisiveness, (v) rush, advance.
geim 1. living (canl); synonyms (adj) lively, alive,
live, extant, active, animated, animate, fresh, quick,
(n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation,
benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death,
2. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve,
retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain,
celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save,
commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 3. bread
(ekmek); synonyms (n) living, cash, maintenance,
currency, dough, food, kale, loot, money, pelf,
sustenance, 4. support (dayanak, destek,
desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid,
keep, comfort, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back,
brace, encourage, bear, boost, carry, confirm;
178
Turkish - English
antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect,

undermine, abandon, reject, weaken.
geimli compatible (uyumlu); synonyms (adj)
agreeable, congruent, accordant, congenial,
sympathetic, becoming, congruous, consonant,
harmonious, suitable, (n) consistent; antonym (adj)
incompatible.
geindirmek support (dayanak, destek,

keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist,
prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost;
geinme living (canl); synonyms (adj) lively, alive,
benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death.
geinmek manage; synonyms (v) conduct, direct,
administer, do, govern, accomplish, arrange,
control, cope, deal, handle, lead, work, maintain, (n)
guide.
geirme transmission; synonyms (n) circulation,
conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast,
communication, drive, infection, spread,
transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage,
transmitting.
geirmek 1. carry (nakletmek, tamak);

synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take,
acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack,
transport, load, assume, admit, 2. pass (gei,
gemek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give,
happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance,
die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail, 3.
conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, administration,
manage, demeanor, performance, behaviour, (v)
act, direct, administer, carriage, bearing, carry,
show, accompany, channel, 4. spend; synonyms
(v) consume, exhaust, expend, squander, blow,
deplete, pass, wear, invest, dissipate, draw, drop,
employ, lavish, (adj) waste; antonyms (v) save,
conserve, 5. transfer (aktarma, aktarmak);
synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment,
transference, delivery, (v) change, remove, shift,
exchange, send, transmit, commit, consign,
interchange, transplant, delegate; antonym (v)
keep.
geirmez proof (kant); synonyms (n) confirmation,
demonstration, probation, argument,
authentication, evidence, sign, substantiation,
validation, verification, experiment, indication,
essay, criterion, establishment.
gei 1. pass (gemek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver,
give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live,
advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym
(v) fail, 2. transition; synonyms (n) change,
passage, transit, alteration, changeover, conversion,
modulation, 3. passage; synonyms (n) aisle,
course, channel, corridor, gangway, hall, journey,

entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue,
citation, 4. passing (geici); synonyms (adj)
ephemeral, fleeting, momentary, transient, brief,
cursory, fugitive, impermanent, casual, (n)
overtaking, death, decease, departure, expiration,
demise; antonyms (adj) permanent, lasting.
geit 1. access (giri); synonyms (n) admission,
passage, (v) enter; antonym (n) exit, 2. corridor
(koridor); synonyms (n) aisle, hall, lobby, hallway,
lane, vestibule, artery, alley, alleyway, path,
portico, way, 3. pass (gei, gemek); synonyms
(v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer,
overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go,
run; antonym (v) fail, 4. crossing; synonyms (n)
cross, ford, transit, crossbreeding, hybridization,
intersection, voyage, crossroad, crosswalk,
crossway, cruise, flight, interbreeding, junction,
travel, 5. gate (kap); synonyms (n) door, mouth,
port, threshold, gateway, porch, portal, turnout, 6.
passage; synonyms (n) course, channel, corridor,
gangway, journey, duct, avenue, citation, excerpt,
extract, movement, paragraph, pass, road, section,
7. gap (aralk, boluk); synonyms (n) break, cleft,
crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance,
difference, fracture, vacancy, blank, chink,
disparity, (v) breach.
geme passage; synonyms (n) aisle, course, channel,
corridor, gangway, hall, journey, entry, way,
entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue, citation.
gemek 1. pass (gei); synonyms (v) flow, deliver,
give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live,
advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym
(v) fail, 2. intervene; synonyms (v) interfere,
intercede, interpose, mediate, arbitrate, meddle,
interject, intermediate, 3. exceed; synonyms (v)
beat, pass, surpass, outdo, surmount, transcend,
cap, outshine, outweigh, overrun, top, excel, outgo,
outmatch, (adj) better, 4. cross (ha); synonyms (n)
thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous,
grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed;
antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered, 5.
top (st); synonyms (adj) maximum, superlative,
(n) crown, peak, acme, apex, crest, height, pinnacle,
summit, surface, brow, (v) best, head, climax;
antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir.
gemi 1. past; synonyms (adj) beyond, bygone,
former, old, back, earlier, gone, over, preceding,
preterit, previous, (n) history, (adv) by, before, (prf)
along; antonyms (adj) contemporary, current, (prep)
within, (n) future, present, prospect, 2. history
(tarih); synonyms (n) account, chronicle, story,
annals, background, narrative, record, explanation,
yesteryear, narration, past, life, (v) tale, 3. former
Turkish - English
(eski, nceki); synonyms (adj) antecedent,
anterior, foregoing, prior, original, deceased,
foremost, primary, ancient, departed, last, late,
older, quondam, (n) predecessor.
gemite back (arka, geri, srt); synonyms (adv)
before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support,
advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch,
guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n)
face, (v) front, oppose, advance.
gedik breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack,
gelecek 1. future; synonyms (adj) unborn, coming,
prospective, intended, potential, approaching,
forthcoming, imminent, impending, later, (n)
prospect, hereafter, fate, futurity, (v) horizon;
antonym (n) past, 2. forthcoming; synonyms (adj)
future, outgoing, upcoming, oncoming, pending,
extroverted, gracious, (v) batching, brewing;
antonym (adj) reserved, 3. coming; synonyms (v)
instant, (adj) following, near, next, (n) access, advent,
approach, appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come,
climax; antonym (n) departure, 4. next (sonraki);
synonyms (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous,
subsequent, ensuing, after, close, adjoining,
posterior, closest, neighboring, proximate, (adv)
afterward, then, subsequently; antonyms (adj)
distant, (adv) previous, preceding, previously.
gelen coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching,
forthcoming, future, imminent, impending,
following, (n) access, advent, approach, appearance,
arrival, return, arrive, come; antonym (n)
departure.
gelenek 1. custom; synonyms (n) tradition, habit,
convention, practice, usage, use, fashion, impost,
method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v) accustom,
(adj) bespoke, 2. tradition; synonyms (n) custom,
legend, folklore, heritage, lore, routine, myth.
geleneksel 1. conventional; synonyms (adj) formal,
orthodox, accepted, common, customary,
everyday, conservative, decorous, established,
habitual, normal, ordinary, routine, (v)
commonplace, familiar; antonyms (adj)
unconventional, radical, relaxed, unusual, original,
rebellious, unorthodox, 2. traditional; synonyms
(adj) conventional, immemorial, classic, legendary,
traditionary, usual, accustomed, regular, stock;
antonyms (adj) new, modern, progressive, 3.
customary; synonyms (adj) traditional, average,
wonted, current, frequent, general, natural,
prescriptive, prevailing, typical, set.
gelgit tide; synonyms (n) current, flow, stream, course,
drift, run, time, race, rush, (v) wave, flood, surge,
billow, noonday.
179
gelin bride; synonyms (n) wife, mate, woman,

helpmate.
gelir 1. income; synonyms (n) earnings, proceeds,
profit, revenue, gain, means, pay, return, salary,
yield, allowance, profits, receipts, wages,
livelihood; antonym (n) loss, 2. earnings;
synonyms (n) income, wage, compensation, lucre,
remuneration, returns, takings, 3. proceeds
(kazan); synonyms (n) issue, take, emolument,
payoff, proceed, incomings, outcome, benefit,
effect, produce, result, innings, 4. revenue;
synonyms (n) interest, gate, resources, taxation,
gross, 5. yield (verim); synonyms (n) give,
output, crop, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit,
cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear,
consent; antonyms (v) resist, persevere.
geli 1. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj)
approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent,
impending, following, (n) access, advent, approach,
appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come; antonym
(n) departure, 2. arrival; synonyms (n) entrance,
incoming, newcomer, attainment, arriver, comer,
reaching, homecoming; antonyms (n) exit, leaving.
gelien progressive (ilerici); synonyms (adj)
advanced, forward, gradual, active, radical,
consecutive, modern, revolutionary, positive,
alphabetical, avant-garde, broad, broad-minded, (n)
liberal, imperfect; antonyms (adj) old-fashioned,
traditional, (n) conservative.
geliim evolution (evrim); synonyms (n)
development, growth, expansion, movement,
process, progress, evolvement, change, mutation,
advance, alteration, modification, progression, (v)
operation, elimination; antonym (n) deterioration.
gelime 1. growth (byme); synonyms (n)
development, accretion, augmentation, evolution,
gain, increase, enlargement, germination,
accumulation, accession, addition, advance,
improvement, increment, (v) grow; antonyms (n)
decrease, reduction, weakening, decline, 2.
growing; synonyms (adj) flourishing, rising,
thriving, blossoming, progressive, swelling,
adolescent, budding, burgeoning, cumulative,
enlarging, (n) developing, growth, (adv) increasing;
antonyms (adj) deteriorating, dwindling, 3.
evolution (evrim); synonyms (n) expansion,
movement, process, progress, evolvement, change,
mutation, alteration, modification, progression,
innovation, (v) operation, elimination, eradication;
antonym (n) deterioration, 4. development;
synonyms (n) course, spread, effect, elaboration,
result, complication, amplification, maturity,
creation, state, consequence, construction,
cultivation, discovery, emergence; antonym (n)
neglect, 5. improvement; synonyms (n)
advancement, amelioration, betterment, correction,
amendment, repair, adjustment, enhancement,
180
Turkish - English
headway, revision, melioration, rise, upturn,

benefit, emendation; antonym (n) downgrade, 6.
advance (avans, ilerleme, ilerlemek,

ilerletmek); synonyms (n) loan, (v) further,
proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise,
boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward,
improve, lend, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (v) retreat,
recede, delay, demote, regress, 7. progress;
synonyms (n) furtherance, passage, journey,
promotion, career, (v) continue, go, move, pass,
prosper, way, thrive, evolve, travel, mature.
gelimek 1. advance (avans, ilerleme, ilerlemek,

ilerletmek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement,
(v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage,
raise, rise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop,
forward, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (n)
deterioration, (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote,
regress, 2. develop; synonyms (v) advance,
amplify, educate, expand, grow, breed, contract,
acquire, bloom, blossom, break, bud, build, come,
elaborate; antonyms (v) decrease, erupt, neglect, 3.
improve; synonyms (v) heal, emend, help,
ameliorate, amend, correct, reform, gain, better,
enhance, mend, perfect, restore, beautify, revise;
antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, spoil, 4. boom;
synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar, din, peal, (v)
blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive, thunder,
bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n) depression, (v)
collapse, decline, 5. progress; synonyms (n)
headway, furtherance, betterment, course,
advancement, development, growth, increase,
movement, (v) continue, go, move, improve, pass,
way, 6. shape (biim, ekil); synonyms (n) cast,
mold, figure, pattern, condition, configuration, (v)
form, fashion, model, mould, determine, make,
adjust, carve, construct.
gelimi advanced (ileri); synonyms (adj)
sophisticated, progressive, senior, higher, modern,
new, precocious, late, cultured, developed,
elevated, forward, liberal, ripe, superior; antonyms
(adj) conservative, old-fashioned, inferior.
gelitirme development; synonyms (n) evolution,
course, growth, improvement, increase, progress,
spread, advance, augmentation, change,
developing, effect, elaboration, expansion,
movement; antonyms (n) deterioration, decline,
neglect, decrease.
gelitirmek 1. develop; synonyms (v) advance,
amplify, educate, expand, grow, breed, contract,
acquire, bloom, blossom, break, bud, build, come,
cultivate; antonyms (v) decrease, erupt, neglect,
regress, 2. improve; synonyms (v) heal, emend,
help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform, gain,
better, develop, enhance, mend, perfect, restore,
beautify; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, spoil.
gelme 1. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj)
approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent,
impending, following, (n) access, advent, approach,

appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come; antonym
(n) departure, 2. advent; synonyms (n) coming,
emergence, entrance, 3. arrival; synonyms (n)
incoming, newcomer, attainment, arriver, comer,
reaching, homecoming; antonyms (n) exit, leaving.
gelmek 1. come; synonyms (v) approach, become,
aggregate, appear, arise, arrive, fall, befall, amount,
descend, get, go, hail, number, originate; antonym
(v) leave, 2. arrive (varmak); synonyms (v) come,
mature, attain, land, reach, succeed, show, derive,
emerge, enter, happen, issue, prosper, disembark;
antonym (v) depart, 3. pull (ekme, ekmek);
synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract,
haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench,
attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel.
gem bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom,
drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred,
gemi 1. ship; synonyms (n) boat, ferry, craft, bottom,
(v) dispatch, send, forward, transport, consign,
carry, embark, move, transfer, post, charge, 2.
craft; synonyms (n) ability, art, cunning, trade,
artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, artifice, business,
deceit, job, occupation, profession, skill, 3. boat
(sandal); synonyms (n) yacht, scull, dinghy, ship,
vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner, sailboat, bateau,
bowl, sauceboat, truck, aircraft, (v) cruise, 4.
vessel; synonyms (n) container, duct, jar, vas,
canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft,
bottle, pipe.
gemicilik 1. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance,
sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight,
aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing,
sailplaning, soaring, 2. sailing (yelkencilik);
synonyms (adj) nautical, (n) navigation, departure,
boating, cruise.
gen gene; synonyms (n) chromosome, cistron.
gen 1. youth (genlik); synonyms (n) boy, juvenile,
lad, young, youngster, adolescence, kid, juvenility,
puberty, stripling, younker, child, puppy, infancy,
(adj) adolescent; antonyms (n) adulthood, adult,
ripeness, 2. young (yavru); synonyms (adj) green,
immature, fresh, new, raw, baby, boyish, callow,
childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, (n)
offspring, progeny; antonyms (adj) old, mature, (n)
aged, 3. youthful; synonyms (adj) vernal,
beardless, 4. youngster (ocuk, delikanl);
synonyms (n) urchin, toddler, youth, nipper,
shaver, teen, teenager, girl, lass, minor.
genlik youth (gen); synonyms (n) boy, juvenile,
lad, young, youngster, adolescence, kid, juvenility,
puberty, stripling, younker, child, puppy, infancy,
(adj) adolescent; antonyms (n) adulthood, adult,
ripeness.
Turkish - English
gene again (bir daha, tekrar, yeniden, yine);
synonyms (adv) afresh, more, anew, encore,
repeatedly, then, also, further, often.
genel 1. general; synonyms (adj) common,
comprehensive, national, universal, broad,
commonplace, current, ecumenical, public,
average, communal, (n) chief, commander, (v)
customary, frequent; antonyms (adj) specific,
individual, narrow, (n) particular, 2. public
(kamu); synonyms (adj) overt, civic, general,
mutual, popular, ordinary, civil, (n) folk,
community, people, populace, audience, (v) open,
plebeian, government; antonyms (adj) private,
confidential, personal, 3. common (adi, ortak);
synonyms (adj) coarse, cheap, usual, vulgar,
accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, trivial,
banal, prosaic, poor, collective, (n) habitual;
antonyms (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual,
characteristic, one-off, unique, aristocratic,
exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 4. broad;
synonyms (adj) wide, ample, extensive, large,
full, inclusive, liberal, (n) female; antonym (adj) thin,
5. global; synonyms (adj) international, overall,
cosmopolitan, worldwide, earthly, total, globose,
globular, orbicular, planetary, spheric, spherical,
terrestrial, world; antonym (adj) local, 6. generic;
synonyms (adj) basic, cognate, economy,
unadorned, utilitarian, generical, nonexclusive,
plain, straightforward.
genelde generally; synonyms (adv) altogether,
commonly, frequently, broadly, chiefly, usually,
approximately, largely, mainly, mostly, principally,
completely, customarily, habitually, normally;
antonyms (adv) narrowly, rarely, specifically.
genelge circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular,
square.
genellikle 1. usually; synonyms (adv) generally,
commonly, mostly, normally, ordinarily,
frequently, customarily, habitually, regularly,
broadly, readily, unremarkably; antonyms (adv)
unusually, rarely, exceptionally, 2. generally;
synonyms (adv) altogether, chiefly, usually,
approximately, largely, mainly, principally,
completely, often, overall, typically, primarily;
antonyms (adv) narrowly, specifically.
general general (genel); synonyms (adj) common,
individual, narrow, (n) particular.
geni 1. wide; synonyms (adj) broad, spacious, roomy,
comprehensive, extensive, large, ample, vast,
181
capacious, expanded, extended, full, open,

sweeping, big; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin,
restricted, 2. large (byk); synonyms (adj)
generous, bulky, considerable, handsome, high,
heavy, abundant, great, gross, hefty, huge,
important, stout, fat, bountiful; antonyms (adj)
small, cramped, insignificant, 3. extensive;
synonyms (adj) commodious, copious, major, wide,
long, enormous, detailed, expansive, immense,
massive, voluminous, widespread, universal,
elaborate, profound; antonyms (adj) limited, minor,
partial, short, 4. ample (bol); synonyms (adj)
plentiful, affluent, liberal, rich, sizable, sufficient,
adequate, enough, plenteous, profuse, sizeable,
substantial, luxuriant, complete, round; antonyms
(adj) inadequate, meager, insufficient, scarce, 5.
broad; synonyms (adj) general, free, blanket, deep,
inclusive, thick, tolerant, coarse, indelicate, loose,
plain, unsubtle, wholesale, (n) female, mere;
antonym (adj) specific, 6. vast; synonyms (adj)
boundless, colossal, gigantic, immeasurable,
unlimited, gargantuan, giant, infinite, monumental,
unbounded, limitless, endless, mammoth, mighty,
monstrous; antonym (adj) tiny, 7.
comprehensive; synonyms (adj) exhaustive,
overall, thorough, total, global, grand, meticulous,
compendious, worldwide; antonym (adj)
noncomprehensive, 8. spacious; synonyms (adj)
airy, comfortable, convenient.
genileme expansion (genleme); synonyms (n)
amplification, enlargement, development,
dilatation, dilation, elaboration, growth, stretch,
distention, evolution, increase, inflation, swelling,
(v) extension, augmentation; antonyms (n)
contraction, decrease, reduction, abbreviation.
genilemek expand (bytmek, geniletmek);

narrow.
geniletilmi 1. extended; synonyms (adj) broad,
expanded, ample, extensive, long, wide, elongated,
enlarged, lengthened, lengthy, prolonged,
protracted, open, comprehensive, continued;
antonyms (adj) brief, short, condensed, unextended,
2. expanded; synonyms (adj) extended, dilated.
geniletme extension (uzatma); synonyms (n)
continuation, augmentation, enlargement,
expansion, addition, increase, annex, elongation,
annexe, circulation, dissemination; antonyms (n)
limitation, contraction, limit.
geniletmek 1. extend (uzatmak); synonyms (v)
expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden, dilate, widen,
augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry,
182
Turkish - English
develop, increase, (adj) stretch; antonyms (v)

withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink, 2.
expand (bytmek, genilemek); synonyms (v)
balloon, distend, aggrandize, extend, inflate, swell,
explicate, bloat, elaborate, grow, open, rise, unfold,
advance, (adj) expatiate; antonyms (v) contract,
abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, summarize.
genilik 1. width (en); synonyms (n) breadth, extent,
latitude, length, size, wideness, broadness,
amplitude, dimension, distance, thickness,
measurement, area, depth, height; antonym (n)
thinness, 2. breadth (en); synonyms (n) scope,
width, spread, stretch, span, abundance, expanse,
magnitude, range, richness, scale, space,
comprehensiveness; antonym (n) narrowness, 3.
extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension, amount,
bulk, compass, boundary, gauge, measure,
purview, quantity, reach, capacity, limit, mass,
duration.
Genilet expand (bytmek, genilemek,

shrink, summarize, narrow.
genleme expansion; synonyms (n) amplification,
enlargement, development, dilatation, dilation,
elaboration, growth, stretch, distention, evolution,
increase, inflation, swelling, (v) extension,
augmentation; antonyms (n) contraction, decrease,
reduction, abbreviation.
geometrik geometric; synonyms (adj) geometrical,
arithmetic, arithmetical, mathematical, numerical,
algebraic, statistical.
gerek 1. actual; synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true,
factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable,
literal, positive, precise, tangible, veritable, very, (n)
accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical,
supposed, 2. real; synonyms (adj) material,
physical, concrete, natural, pure, native, right,
good, certain, honest, just, sincere, substantial, (adv)
actually, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal,
imaginary, apparent, artificial, fake, bogus,
deceptive, fantasy, imitation, insubstantial, mock,
nominal, (v) pretend, 3. fact (olay, olgu);
synonyms (n) event, incident, detail, deed,
particular, truth, actuality, circumstance,
experience, occurrence, point, reality, thing,
contingency, (v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork,
rumor, conjecture, fallacy, falsehood, report, 4.
true (doru); synonyms (adj) faithful, even,
correct, exact, straight, truthful, direct, loyal,
proper, reliable, rightful, sound, lawful, legitimate,
(v) square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue, 5.
intrinsic; synonyms (adj) inherent, immanent,
inborn, internal, constitutional, essential, integral,
intimate, intrinsical, peculiar, interior,

fundamental, instinctive, innate, inner; antonym
(adj) extrinsic, 6. authentic; synonyms (adj)
believable, trustworthy, valid, unfeigned,
unsophisticated, credible, original, convincing,
realistic, unquestionable, (v) authoritative; antonym
(adj) unrealistic, 7. genuine; synonyms (adj) candid,
artless, hearty, unaffected, earnest, intrinsic, solid,
clean, chaste, devout, authenticated, fair, veracious,
guileless, sterling; antonyms (adj) insincere,
affected, dishonest, hypocritical, replica, 8.
tangible; synonyms (adj) palpable, perceptible,
evident, corporeal, definite, sensible, adequate,
bodily, commensurate, competent, discernible,
enough, (n) applicable, available, handy; antonym
(adj) intangible, 9. reality; synonyms (n) fact,
existence, certainty, realism, being, realness, entity,
genuineness, loyalty, substance, trueness, veracity,
verity, effect, (v) efficiency; antonyms (n) delusion,
dream, imagination, vision, 10. truth (doruluk);
synonyms (n) exactness, sincerity, correctness,
fidelity, accuracy, faithfulness, honesty, precision,
authenticity, faith, uprightness, justice, principle,
axiom, gospel; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty,
fabrication, fiction, lie, 11. substantial (nemli);
synonyms (adj) firm, strong, considerable,
important, significant, momentous, sturdy, ample,
big, durable, grave, heavy, hefty, large, massive;
antonyms (adj) insignificant, small, ethereal, fine,
worthless, 12. proper; synonyms (adj) appropriate,
due, decent, fit, agreeable, apt, becoming, befitting,
decorous, fitting, modest, suitable, neat, formal,
individual; antonyms (adj) improper, inappropriate,
unseemly, wrong, rude, 13. positive (olumlu,
pozitif); synonyms (adj) affirmative, confident,
decisive, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible,
peremptory, plus, sure, advantageous, arbitrary,
assured, categorical, clear, constructive; antonyms
(adj) negative, derogatory, uncertain, unsure,
pessimistic, sad, 14. right (doru, sa);
synonyms (adj) perfect, reasonable, equitable,
ethical, full, (adv) correctly, exactly, (n) privilege,
law, liberty, authority, claim, freedom, interest, (v)
rectify; antonyms (adj) unjustified, immoral,
incorrect, (n) left, 15. virtual (sanal); synonyms
(adj) potential, practical, implicit, comparative,
qualified, quasi, replicated, simulated, basic,
energizing, indirect, tacit, unacknowledged.
gereki realistic; synonyms (adj) naturalistic,
graphic, lifelike, practical, pragmatic, truthful,
feasible, actual, hardheaded, sober, attainable,
authentic, photographic; antonym (adj) unrealistic.
gerekilik realism; synonyms (n) naturalism, reality,
authenticity, fidelity, realness, truth, verisimilitude,
accuracy, certainty, closeness, dependability,
expediency, faithfulness, reasonableness,
sensibleness; antonym (n) idealism.
Turkish - English
gerekletirme implementation; synonyms (n)
execution, fulfillment, enforcement,
accomplishment, effectuation, performance,
exercise, executing, completion, doing, effect,
acceptance, functioning, agreement, approval.
gerekletirmek 1. realize; synonyms (v) fulfill,
achieve, perform, discover, attain, accomplish,
appreciate, complete, execute, know, make,
recognize, sense, obtain, effect, 2. implement
(alet, ara); synonyms (v) fulfil, apply, enforce,
discharge, realize, do, (n) tool, apparatus, utensil,
appliance, device, instrument, gadget, organ,
contrivance, 3. effect (etki, sonu); synonyms (n)
consequence, product, result, sequel, aftermath,
conclusion, impression, outgrowth, (v) create,
cause, bring, carry, induce, use, win; antonym (n)
reason.
gereklik 1. truth (doruluk); synonyms (n)
exactness, reality, actuality, sincerity, correctness,
fact, fidelity, verity, genuineness, accuracy,
certainty, faithfulness, honesty, precision,
authenticity; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty,
fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 2. reality;
synonyms (n) existence, realism, being, realness,
truth, entity, loyalty, positive, substance, trueness,
veracity, effect, (v) deed, efficiency, act; antonyms
(n) fantasy, delusion, dream, imagination, vision.
gerekte virtually; synonyms (adv) almost, literally,
most, close, (adj) nearly, near, practically, about,
nigh, negatively.
gerekten 1. indeed; synonyms (adv) actually,
certainly, exactly, much, really, surely, greatly,
absolutely, clearly, definitely, positively, precisely,
so, truly, (int) forsooth; antonym (adv) possibly, 2.
really; synonyms (adv) honestly, genuinely, real,
very, simply, authentically, practically, essentially,
extremely, highly, quite, right, just, (adj) indeed,
sincerely, 3. honestly; synonyms (adv) frankly,
fairly, candidly, directly, justly, faithfully,
aboveboard, openly, fair, bluntly, plainly, (adj)
earnestly, accurately; antonyms (adv) dishonestly,
deceitfully, misleadingly, 4. actually; synonyms
(adv) presently, correctly, literally, physically,
bodily, easily, effectually, indisputably, truthfully,
actively, efficaciously, evidently, forthwith, hence,
immediately, 5. truly; synonyms (adv) legitimately,
loyally, awfully, completely, fully, rightfully;
antonym (adv) falsely, 6. positively; synonyms
(adv) necessarily, expressly, decidedly, categorically,
favorably, yes; antonyms (adv) disapprovingly,
negatively.
geri though; synonyms (conj) nevertheless,
notwithstanding, still, whereas, while, (adv) even,
tho', (adj) although, however.
gere material (malzeme); synonyms (n) body,
cloth, matter, stuff, fabric, substance, (adj) bodily,
183
corporal, corporeal, substantial, concrete,

important, physical, real, essential.
gerek 1. need; synonyms (v) lack, claim, require,
destitution, indigence, involve, (n) demand, want,
desire, deficiency, must, necessity, deprivation,
requirement, absence; antonym (n) wealth, 2.
requirement (gereksinim); synonyms (n) need,
essential, obligation, prerequisite, provision, clause,
condition, exigency, necessary, proviso,
precondition, qualification, requisite, stipulation,
command; antonym (n) option.
gereke 1. justification; synonyms (n) apology,
defense, account, reason, defence, cause, basis,
explanation, grounds, vindication, foundation,
authority, salvation, sanctification, (v) excuse, 2.
rationale; synonyms (n) principle, motive,
justification, ascription, attribution, etiology,
theory, 3. reason; synonyms (n) mind, intellect,
understanding, incentive, (v) argue, debate,
conclude, deduce, discuss, ground.
gerekeleme justification; synonyms (n) apology,
authority, salvation, sanctification, (v) excuse.
gereken due; synonyms (adj) appropriate, equitable,
just, lawful, owed, payable, unpaid, unsettled, (adv)
right, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty, privilege, tax, desert;
antonyms (adj) paid, undue.
gerekli 1. necessary; synonyms (adj) essential,
compulsory, important, inevitable, basic,
mandatory, fundamental, imperative,
indispensable, main, obligatory, (n) requisite,
necessity, demand, need; antonyms (adj)
unnecessary, optional, surplus, needless,
unjustified, 2. essential; synonyms (adj) necessary,
crucial, inherent, constituent, elementary, natural,
central, constitutional, elemental, innate, intrinsic,
material, prerequisite, primary, (n) base; antonyms
(adj) minor, secondary, (n) inessential, option,
unimportant, peripheral, luxury, 3. required;
synonyms (adj) needed, needful, bound, desired,
binding, wanted, vital; antonyms (adj) free,
undesirable.
gereklilik 1. necessity; synonyms (n) demand, need,
lack, essential, exigency, compulsion, emergency,
constraint, distress, indigence, must, necessary,
obligation, requirement, want; antonym (n) option,
2. must; synonyms (v) have, mold, ought, shall,
should, (n) necessity, mustiness, requisite,
condition, prerequisite, (adj) goatish.
gereksinim 1. requirement; synonyms (n) need,
necessity, demand, essential, obligation,
prerequisite, provision, claim, clause, condition,
exigency, must, necessary, proviso, want; antonym
(n) option, 2. need; synonyms (v) lack, require,
destitution, indigence, involve, exact, have, take, (n)
184
Turkish - English
desire, deficiency, deprivation, requirement,

absence, beggary, distress; antonym (n) wealth, 3.
want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave,
covet, (n) poverty, wish, famine, dearth, penury,
privation, shortage, pauperism, defect, ambition,
fancy; antonyms (v) dislike, hate.
gereksinme want (istemek); synonyms (v) need,
desire, (n) lack, poverty, wish, deficiency,
deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, demand,
destitution, indigence, necessity, penury; antonyms
(v) dislike, hate.
gereksiz 1. needless; synonyms (adj) gratuitous,
unnecessary, dispensable, excessive, meaningless,
pointless, preventable, wanton, (v) superfluous;
antonym (adj) necessary, 2. unnecessary;
synonyms (adj) redundant, needless, surplus,
excess, spare, undue, useless, extra, unneeded;
antonym (adj) reasonable, 3. redundant;
synonyms (adj) pleonastic, wordy, additional,
repetitious, exuberant, superabundant,
supererogatory, supernumerary, verbose, windy.
gerektirmek 1. involve; synonyms (v) imply,
contain, affect, embrace, entail, implicate, comprise,
complicate, demand, encompass, engage, envelop,
include, tangle, (n) entangle; antonym (v) exclude,
2. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise,
actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, faithful,
(v) accurate, close, require, claim, command, ask, (n)
correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, imprecise,
vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 3. want
(istemek); synonyms (v) need, desire, (n) lack,
poverty, wish, deficiency, deprivation, famine,
absence, dearth, destitution, indigence, necessity,
penury, privation; antonyms (v) dislike, hate.
gergi stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain,
pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt;
gergin 1. tense; synonyms (adj) strained, edgy,
nervous, taut, stiff, uptight, jumpy, wired,
stretched, jittery, tight, (v) overwrought, strain,
extend, tighten; antonyms (adj) relaxed, calm,
comfortable, tranquil, loose, (v) relax, 2. tight;
synonyms (adj) close, compact, firm, mean,
parsimonious, secure, snug, tense, drunk, miserly,
rigorous, (v) narrow, fast, stingy, near; antonyms
(adj) baggy, generous, slack, wide, (adv) loosely.
gerginlik 1. tension (gerilim); synonyms (n)
tenseness, pressure, strain, nervousness, stress,
tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, effort,
anxiety, balance, disagreement, elasticity;
antonyms (n) calmness, looseness, 2. stress
(stres); synonyms (n) accent, emphasis, tension,
force, importance, pinch, accentuation, brunt, (v)
emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate,
underline, trouble, highlight, 3. strain; synonyms
(n) breed, stretch, exertion, race, reach, song, (v)
filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend,

percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax, 4. stretch;
synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse, extension,
range, span, (v) elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread,
draw, enlarge, broaden, distend, expand; antonym
(v) shorten.
geri 1. back (arka, srt); synonyms (adv) before,
front, oppose, advance, 2. behind; synonyms (prep)
after, abaft, (adv) backwards, late, later, aback,
beyond, (n) backside, bottom, buttocks, can,
posterior, rump, tail, (adj) back; antonyms (adv)
ahead, early, fore, 3. slow (Yava, yavalamak);
synonyms (adj) dull, easy, sluggish, heavy, dense,
dim, gradual, inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid,
belated, (v) slack, (adv) behind, behindhand;
antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert,
brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried,
observant, rushed, (v) accelerate, 4. rear; synonyms
(adj) erect, (n) poop, (v) breed, nurture, raise,
educate, foster, nurse, build, elevate, hoist, lift,
edify, construct, parent.
geribildirim feedback; synonyms (n) reply, response,
reaction, repercussion, rejoinder, retort, (v) answer,
respond.
gericilik reaction (reaksiyon, tepki, tepkime);

synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply,
effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort,
feeling.
geride back (arka, geri, srt); synonyms (adv) before,
front, oppose, advance.
gerileme 1. regression; synonyms (n) regress, lapse,
setback, degeneration, deterioration, decay, relapse,
retreat, retrogression, reverse, reversion, fixation,
2. recession; synonyms (n) decline, depression,
fall, niche, recess, slump, corner, receding.
gerilim 1. tension (gerginlik); synonyms (n)
tenseness, pressure, strain, nervousness, stress,
tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, effort,
anxiety, balance, disagreement, elasticity;
antonyms (n) calmness, looseness, 2. voltage;
synonyms (n) potential, emf, energy, power,
current, electricity, potency, potentiality.
gerilimsiz dead (lm, l); synonyms (adj) dull,
lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute,
breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle,
(adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate,
(n) living.
gerilme 1. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort,
stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax,
endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym
(v) relax, 2. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n)
Turkish - English
accent, emphasis, pressure, tension, force,
importance, pinch, accentuation, (v) strain,
emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate,
underline, trouble, 3. tension (gerginlik,
gerilim); synonyms (n) tenseness, nervousness,
tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, anxiety,
balance, disagreement, elasticity, electricity,
hostility, spring, stretching; antonyms (n) calmness,
looseness.
gerilmek tense; synonyms (adj) strained, edgy,
nervous, taut, stiff, uptight, jumpy, wired,
stretched, jittery, tight, (v) overwrought, strain,
extend, tighten; antonyms (adj) relaxed, calm,
comfortable, tranquil, loose, (v) relax.
Gerinme stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse,
extension, range, (v) extend, reach, strain, elongate,
lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge, broaden;
antonym (v) shorten.
gerinmek stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse,
antonym (v) shorten.
gerisinde behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv)
geriye 1. backwards; synonyms (adv) back,
backward, rearward, rearwards, about, arrear,
caudad, contrarily, reflexively, (adv, adj) topsy-turvy,
2. back (arka, geri, srt); synonyms (adv) before,
(n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse,
recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid,
champion, encourage, finance; antonyms (n) face,
(v) front, oppose, advance.
germe 1. spreading; synonyms (adj) scattering,
diffusing, contagious, diffusive, (n) diffusion,
dissemination, propagation, dispersion, circulation,
spread, dispersal, extension, scatter, distribution,
airing, 2. tension (gerginlik, gerilim);
synonyms (n) tenseness, pressure, strain,
nervousness, stress, tautness, tensity, tone, nerves,
suspense, effort, anxiety, balance, disagreement,
elasticity; antonyms (n) calmness, looseness, 3.
strain; synonyms (n) breed, stretch, exertion, race,
reach, song, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor,
exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax.
germek 1. draw (ekmek, izmek); synonyms (v)
stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse,
antonym (v) shorten, 3. string (dizi, ip, sicim);
synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, cord,
filament, rank, series, thread, sequence, fiber,
procession, rope, (adj) line, 4. strain; synonyms (n)
185
stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, song,

stock, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert,
percolate; antonym (v) relax, 5. tense; synonyms
(adj) strained, edgy, nervous, taut, stiff, uptight,
jumpy, wired, stretched, jittery, tight, dramatic,
exciting, (v) overwrought, tighten; antonyms (adj)
relaxed, calm, comfortable, tranquil, loose.
getiri yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return,
give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow,
getirmek 1. fetch; synonyms (v) carry, bring, convey,
draw, elicit, attract, catch, get, retrieve, transport,
conduct, extract, earn, bear, (adj) feint, 2. bring;
synonyms (v) fetch, put, take, reduce, afford,
bestow, deliver, land, move, provide, beget,
accompany, arrest, contribute, escort, 3. return
(dnmek, dn); synonyms (n) yield, pay,
abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 4. get
(almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak);

synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, buy,
come, fall, achieve, capture, cause, engage, find,
have, make, obtain; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave.
gevezelik gossip (dedikodu); synonyms (n) rumor,
chitchat, gab, chatterbox, conversation, babble,
comment, talk, blabbermouth, (v) chat, chatter,
natter, tattle, blab, chaffer; antonym (n) fact.
gevrek 1. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful,
loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, delicate,
fond, gentle, mild, (v) proffer, (n) offer, bid,
overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted,
rubbery, rough, 2. short (bodur, ksa); synonyms
(adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt,
sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient,
gevek 1. loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute,
dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged, 2. floppy;
synonyms (adj) flabby, flaccid, drooping, loose,
slack, soft, baggy, droopy, (n) diskette; antonym
(adj) stiff.
geveme relaxation; synonyms (n) ease, diversion,
amusement, pastime, entertainment, recreation,
rest, leisure, comfort, quiet, remission, repose,
respite, peace, hobby.
gevetme relaxation (geveme); synonyms (n) ease,
diversion, amusement, pastime, entertainment,
recreation, rest, leisure, comfort, quiet, remission,
repose, respite, peace, hobby.
gevetmek 1. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort,
186
Turkish - English

aggravate, worsen, 2. start (balamak,
balang, balatmak); synonyms (v) begin,
originate, commence, drive, launch, embark,
spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock,
beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end,
finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 3. relax;
synonyms (v) loose, abate, give, lounge, unbend,
melt, debilitate, ease, remit, slack, soften, unbrace,
(n) loosen, release, (adj) relent; antonyms (v) tighten,
tense.
geyik deer; synonyms (n) stag, cervid, antelopes,
bison, camels, cattle, chevrotains, fox, vixen,
giraffes, goats, sheep.
gezegen planet; synonyms (n) globe, satellite, world,
sphere, orbiter.
gezgin mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid,
unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant,
motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving,
(v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile,
impassive, motionless.
gezi 1. trip; synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour,
flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run, drive, misstep, (v)
journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj) blunder; antonym
(v) fix, 2. tour; synonyms (n) circuit, round, voyage,
passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, turn,
walk, spell, circle, (v) ride, visit, 3. journey
(seyahat, yolculuk); synonyms (n) way, course,
outing, traverse, movement, route, exodus,
journeying, progress, (v) cruise, fare, navigate, hike,
move, proceed.
gezici 1. mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid,
impassive, motionless, 2. travelling; synonyms (n)
traveling, travel, locomotion.
gezinti 1. walk (yrmek, yry); synonyms (v)
ramble, course, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go,
(n) step, gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion,
2. trip (gezi); synonyms (n) expedition, tour,
flight, jaunt, lapse, run, drive, misstep, ride, (v)
journey, slip, stumble, fall, skip, (adj) blunder;
antonym (v) fix, 3. ride; synonyms (n) outing, lift,
voyage, driving, (v) bait, float, mount, rag, tease,
harass, annoy, drift, climb, continue, (adj) bestride.
gezmek tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion,
circuit, round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go,
pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, (v) expedition,
travel, ride.
gibi 1. as (Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, because,
since, considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like,
(adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic, 2. like (beenmek,
benzer, sevmek); synonyms (v) corresponding,
enjoy, identical, care, desire, fancy, (adj) equal,

equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same,
parallel, (n) love, relish; antonyms (prep) unlike, (v)
dislike, (adj) different.
gcrt jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, blow,
crock, container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash,
(v) jolt, clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce.
gda food (besin, yiyecek); synonyms (n) board,
nutriment, nutrition, pabulum.
giden outgoing; synonyms (adj) friendly, expansive,
forthcoming, gregarious, demonstrative, extrovert,
companionable, open, sociable, extroverted,
extrovertish; antonyms (adj) inward, next, reserved,
incoming, introverted.
gider 1. expenditure; synonyms (n) charge, cost,
disbursement, consumption, expense, outlay,
exhaustion, outgo, expenses, payment, price,
spending, use, acquit, assets; antonyms (n) income,
savings, 2. expense; synonyms (n) expenditure,
amount, detriment, fee, toll, disbursal.
gidermek 1. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms
(v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, persuade,
sate, satiate, appease, answer, assuage, convince,
delight, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy,
disappoint, displease, intensify, 2. repair
(onarm, onarmak, tamir etmek); synonyms (n)
fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend, patch, redress,
correct, cure, compensate, doctor, renovate, restore,
heal, amend, go; antonym (v) break.
gidi 1. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n) departure,
exit, leaving, parting, disappearance, expiration,
action, passing, (adj) running, working, 2.
departure; synonyms (n) death, leave, depart,
deviation, divergence, aberration, digression,
going, takeoff, variation, withdrawal, dying,
escape, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival,
appearance, 3. go (gitmek); synonyms (v) come,
elapse, pass, break, crack, disappear, drive, run,
travel, fall, extend, function, (n) fare, (adj) follow,
move, 4. stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow,
brook, river, spurt, rush, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet,
pour, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge, (prep) current;
antonym (v) trickle.
gidiat course (yn); synonyms (n) stream, flow,
bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track,
channel, circuit, class, method, (v) run, chase.
Gir enter (girmek); synonyms (v) enlist, embark,
enroll, book, chronicle, record, input, arrive, come,
accede, attack, begin, board, enrol, insert;
antonyms (v) leave, depart, delete, exit.
girdap gulf; synonyms (n) abyss, chasm, bay, cove,
abysm, inlet, pit, ravine, rift, hollow.
girdi 1. input (giri); synonyms (n) contribution,
incoming, data, advice, feed, arousal, comment,
Turkish - English
expression, foreplay, influence, stimulant,
stimulation, stimulus, voice, (v) accredit, 2. entry
(giri); synonyms (n) entrance, admission, article,
door, accession, access, admittance, doorway,
entree, hall, record, enrollment, entering,
entranceway, entryway; antonym (n) exit.
girift intricate; synonyms (adj) complex, complicated,
difficult, involved, knotty, hard, tricky, convoluted,
elaborate, entangled, inextricable, obscure,
tortuous, knotted, (n) composite; antonyms (adj)
simple, straightforward.
girinti recession; synonyms (n) decline, depression,
fall, niche, recess, slump, corner, receding.
giri 1. introduction; synonyms (n) induction,
beginning, foreword, insertion, preface,
presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble,
preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro,
opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript, 2.
entry; synonyms (n) article, door, accession, access,
admittance, doorway, entree, hall, record,
gateway, incursion; antonym (n) exit, 3. input
(girdi); synonyms (n) contribution, incoming, data,
advice, feed, arousal, comment, expression,
foreplay, influence, stimulant, stimulation,
stimulus, voice, (v) accredit, 4. access; synonyms
(n) approach, gate, attack, fit, outburst, passage, (v)
enter, infiltrate, 5. intake; synonyms (n)
absorption, consumption, ingestion, drinking,
eating, uptake, expenditure, receipt, harvest,
ingesta, phthisis, tap, usance, 6. entrance;
synonyms (n) arrival, threshold, advent,
appearance, (v) enchant, captivate, charm, bewitch,
enrapture, fascinate, enthrall, delight, beguile,
capture, enamor; antonyms (n) departure, (v) bore,
7. admission (kabul); synonyms (n) acceptance,
acknowledgment, confession, declaration,
reception, recognition, confirmation, acquiescence,
affirmation, allowance, concession, inclusion,
introduction, pass, permission; antonym (n) denial,
8. door (kap); synonyms (n) mouth, hatch, inlet,
porch, portal, wicket, chops, covercle.
giriim 1. interference (karma); synonyms (n)
disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block, blocking,
encumbrance, hitch, inhibition, intercession,
intervention, obstruction, antagonism,
initiative; synonyms (n) enterprise, gumption,
opening, ambition, energy, drive, inventiveness,
creativity, originality, enterprisingness, (adj) initial,
inaugural, initiatory, incipient, first, 3. enterprise;
synonyms (n) business, company, concern,
endeavor, activity, adventure, courage, effort,
endeavour, firm, initiative, spirit, venture,
corporation, establishment, 4. attempt
(yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, assay, essay, offer,
trial, attack, assault, bid, exertion, go, (v) struggle,
187
aim, chance, undertake, seek, 5. undertaking;

synonyms (n) labor, promise, task, attempt, project,
job, duty, guarantee, pledge, work, commitment,
affair, assignment, engagement, action, 6. shot;
synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, fling, ball, crack,
shoot, picture, bang, bullet, discharge, guess, jab,
missile, nip, (adj) iridescent, 7. go (gitmek);
synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass, break, depart,
disappear, run, travel, fall, extend, function,
operate, (n) fare, (adj) follow, move, 8. step (adm,
basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage,
walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint,
footstep, stride, (v) pace, proceeding, tread, 9.
show (gsteri, gstermek); synonyms (v)
present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade,
presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide.
giriken aggressive; synonyms (adj) belligerent,
active, energetic, enterprising, hostile, invasive,
offensive, pushy, warlike, strong, strenuous,
assertive, dynamic, militant, pugnacious;
antonyms (adj) peaceful, friendly, peaceable,
passive, peace-loving, suspicious.
girikenlik enterprise; synonyms (n) business,
company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure,
energy, courage, effort, endeavour, firm, initiative,
spirit, venture, corporation.
girimek undertake; synonyms (v) attempt, try,
accept, contract, covenant, guarantee, tackle, take,
assume, assure, begin, engage, promise, endeavor,
seek.
giri input (girdi, giri); synonyms (n) contribution,
incoming, data, advice, feed, arousal, comment,
expression, foreplay, influence, stimulant,
stimulation, stimulus, voice, (v) accredit.
girme 1. entrance; synonyms (n) admission, access,
entry, admittance, arrival, door, doorway,
departure, exit, (v) bore, 2. entry (giri);
synonyms (n) entrance, article, entree, hall, record,
gateway, incursion, note, opening, register, gate.
girmek 1. enter; synonyms (v) enlist, embark, enroll,
book, chronicle, record, input, arrive, come, accede,
attack, begin, board, enrol, insert; antonyms (v)
leave, depart, delete, exit, 2. step (adm,
basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage,
walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint,
footstep, move, stride, (v) pace, proceeding.
grtlak throat (boaz); synonyms (n) gullet, orifice,
pharynx, gorge, mouth, muzzle, chimney, flue,
funnel, nostril, nozzle, quarl, shaft, sucker.
gitme 1. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n)
departure, exit, leaving, parting, disappearance,
expiration, action, passing, (adj) running, working,
188
Turkish - English
2. go (gitmek); synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass,

break, crack, depart, disappear, drive, run, travel,
fall, extend, function, (n) fare, (adj) follow.
gitmek 1. go; synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass, break,
crack, depart, disappear, drive, run, travel, fall,
extend, function, (n) fare, (adj) follow, 2. move
(hareket, tanmak); synonyms (v) act, affect,
carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch,
flow, bear, disturb, actuate, (n) motion, transfer;
antonym (v) stay, 3. repair (onarm, onarmak,
tamir etmek); synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v)
remedy, mend, patch, redress, correct, cure,
compensate, doctor, renovate, restore, heal, amend,
reclaim.
gyap absence (yokluk); synonyms (n) absenteeism,
dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want,
giydirme dressing; synonyms (n) bandage,
bandaging, binding, fertilization, stuffing, scolding,
castigation, coating, surfacing.
giydirmek dress (elbise); synonyms (n) attire,
costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes, (v)
clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, adorn,
bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress.
giyim 1. clothing; synonyms (n) clothes, apparel,
attire, dress, gear, outfit, threads, habit, wear, (v)
vesture, 2. dress (elbise); synonyms (n) costume,
array, dressing, frock, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig,
trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover, deck, decorate;
antonym (v) undress.
giyinme wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,
giyinmek dress (elbise); synonyms (n) attire,
costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes, (v)
clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, adorn,
bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress.
giymek 1. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,
antonym (v) refresh, 2. don; synonyms (n) teacher,
instructor, master, preceptor, professor, academic,
bigwig, coach, corypheus, crammer, director, (v)
assume, wear.
giysi 1. costume (kostm); synonyms (n) attire,
clothing, apparel, clothes, dress, garb, suit, outfit,
uniform, disguise, drapery, garment, garments,
gown, (v) clothe, 2. garment; synonyms (n)
habiliment, habit, vest, things, (v) raiment, tog,
enclothe, 3. clothes (elbise); synonyms (n)
wardrobe, thing, toggery, vesture, wear, 4. dress
(elbise); synonyms (n) costume, array, dressing,
frock, covering, (v) rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage,
cover, deck, decorate, align, arrange; antonym (v)
undress, 5. wear; synonyms (v) endure, bear,

fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, assume, break,
don, have, last, stand, exhaust, (n) erosion;
giz secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert, hidden,
mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure, occult,
secrecy, clandestine, (n) privacy, arcanum, (v)
private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n)
known, public.
gizem 1. mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum,
explanation, 2. secret; synonyms (adj) concealed,
covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive,
obscure, occult, clandestine, dark, esoteric, (n)
privacy, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj)
open, (n) known, public.
gizemli 1. mystical; synonyms (adj) mystic,
mysterious, esoteric, hidden, occult, secret, cryptic,
cryptical, metaphysical, 2. mysterious; synonyms
(adj) inscrutable, deep, eerie, incomprehensible,
inexplicable, abstruse, arcane, dark, obscure,
clandestine, concealed, covert, enigmatic,
impenetrable, mystical; antonyms (adj) known,
straightforward, apparent, normal.
Gizle hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal,
disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, (n)
cover, fur, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken;
antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express.
gizleme secretion; synonyms (n) exudation,
discharge, emission, exhalation, extrusion, juice,
concealment, liquid, emanation, discrimination,
flow, production, release, secernment, pus.
gizlemek 1. hide; synonyms (v) conceal, disguise,
obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, (n) cover, fur,
coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms
(v) reveal, show, expose, express, 2. cloak;
synonyms (n) camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall,
screen, blind, blanket, curtain, (v) wrap, dissemble,
hide, drape, envelop, mantle, shroud; antonyms (v)
disclose, uncover, 3. screen (ekran, perde);
synonyms (n) shade, riddle, partition, guard,
protection, covert, concealment, divider, (v) shield,
protect, filter, safeguard, sieve, defend, harbor, 4.
obscure; synonyms (adj) cloudy, dim, dark,
gloomy, ambiguous, concealed, hidden,
incomprehensible, muddy, mysterious, clandestine,
confused, (v) blur, confuse, (n) difficult; antonyms
(adj) clear, noticeable, simple, obvious, distinct,
mainstream, (v) clarify, 5. mask (maske,
maskelemek); synonyms (n) guise, pretense,
masque, facade, covering, pretext, appearance,
color, gauze, semblance, shutter, (v) dissimulate,
feign, secrete, 6. conceal; synonyms (v) smother,
suppress, ensconce, muffle, cache, withhold, belie,
Turkish - English
fold, contain, bosom, check, palliate, (n) shadow;
antonym (v) divulge.
gizlenme hiding; synonyms (n) cover, covering,
victory.
gizlenmek hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal,
gizli 1. confidential; synonyms (adj) close, classified,
private, secret, clandestine, intimate, privileged,
thick, inner, closet, bosom, familiar, hidden,
inward, personal; antonym (adj) public, 2. hidden;
synonyms (adj) concealed, obscure, dark, covert,
latent, arcane, buried, confidential, covered, deep,
disguised, invisible, masked, mysterious,
underground; antonyms (adj) obvious, exposed,
open, active, noticeable, overt, revealing, 3. secret;
synonyms (adj) furtive, occult, secrecy, esoteric,
mystic, privy, recondite, stealthy, surreptitious,
confidence, (n) privacy, arcanum, enigma, mystery,
(v) secluded; antonym (n) known, 4. blind (kr,
kr etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless,
undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, (n) screen,
curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick, veil,
camouflage, cheat, cloak; antonym (adj) sighted, 5.
inner (i); synonyms (adj) internal, interior, central,
inside, mental, middle, domestic, inland; antonyms
(adj) external, outer, 6. invisible; synonyms (adj)
imperceptible, inconspicuous, intangible,
impalpable, unseeable, unseen, evanescent;
antonyms (adj) visible, conspicuous, 7. dark
(koyu); synonyms (adj) black, dismal, cheerless,
dim, blind, blue, gloomy, murky, sable, abstruse,
(n) cloudy, darkness, evening, night, shadow;
antonyms (adj) bright, sunny, fair, clear, pale, pallid,
sunlit, (n) light, day, 8. classified; synonyms (adj)
hush-hush, chronological, exclusive, regular,
undisclosed, 9. latent; synonyms (adj) potential,
dormant, inactive, possible, smoldering, 10.
restricted; synonyms (v) qualified, (adj) limited,
confined, cramped, narrow, constrained, local,
controlled, finite, prohibited, bounded,
circumscribed, reserved, tight, captive; antonyms
(adj) unrestricted, far-reaching, free, liberated,
unimpeded, unlimited, wide, 11. underground;
synonyms (adj) undercover, belowground, guerilla,
guerrilla, irregular, (n) metro, subway, tube,
resistance, (v) underhand.
gizlilik 1. privacy (mahremiyet); synonyms (n)
seclusion, secrecy, confidentiality, darkness,
privateness, retreat, concealment, loneliness,
shelter, retirement, solitude, 2. secrecy; synonyms
(n) privacy, silence, mystery, secretiveness, mum,
189
furtiveness, closeness, stealth, covertness, dark,

muteness; antonym (n) openness.
glikoz glucose; synonyms (n) caramel, damson.
global global; synonyms (adj) general, international,
overall, cosmopolitan, universal, worldwide,
comprehensive, earthly, ecumenical, total, globose,
globular, inclusive, orbicular, planetary; antonyms
(adj) local, national.
gbek 1. belly (karn); synonyms (n) abdomen,
stomach, inside, bowels, intestines, waist, entrails,
gut, paunch, venter, (v) balloon, swell, billow, bloat,
bulge, 2. core (ekirdek); synonyms (n) bosom,
center, essence, gist, heart, kernel, marrow,
quintessence, stone, mind, base, burden, centre,
crux, focus; antonym (adj) minor.
g 1. immigration; synonyms (n) migration,
colonization, entrance, relocation, journey,
movement, passage, resettlement, voyage, (v)
emigration, intermigration, 2. migration;
synonyms (n) exodus, transmigration, departure,
exile, metempsychosis, evacuation, flood, travel, (v)
flit, flitting.
gs 1. breast; synonyms (n) bosom, boob, chest,
knocker, tit, titty, mammilla, bust, heart, mamma,
nipple, pap, soul, spirit, (v) front, 2. chest;
synonyms (n) box, bureau, case, casket, dresser,
chamber, crate, thorax, treasury, trunk.
gk sky (gkyz); synonyms (n) air, heaven,
atmosphere, heavens, space, (v) fling, flip, pitch,
agitate, alternate, cant, chuck, convulse, deliver,
discard.
gkada galaxy (galaksi); synonyms (n) constellation,
beetleweed, bevy, cosmos, galax, bunch, coltsfoot,
speckling, wandflower, (adj) array, army, sea, sight,
star, sun.
gkkua bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance,
gkyz 1. sky (gk); synonyms (n) air, heaven,
discard, 2. air (hava, havalandrmak);
synonyms (n) tune, appearance, manner, look,
melody, strain, face, aspect, (v) ventilate, broadcast,
show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate.
gol goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) aim, butt,
design, destination, end, purpose, basket, ambition,
intent, intention, object, objective, target, aspiration,
limit.
gl 1. lake; synonyms (n) loch, pond, pool, puddle,
carmine, crimson, lin, maroon, plash, slab, tank,
basin, pink, red, scarlet, 2. loch; synonyms (n) bay,
lake, inlet, tarn, well, looch, lincture.
glck pool (havuz); synonyms (n) plash, lake, pond,
mere, cartel, basin, kitty, syndicate, trust, billiards,
lough, store, (v) combine, merge, associate.
golf golf; synonyms (n) croquet, pallone, polo, tipcat.
190
Turkish - English
glge 1. shadow; synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail,

trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom,
phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure,
overshadow, 2. shade (glgelemek,
glgelendirmek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge,
color, hue, blind, cloud, conceal, dye, nuance, tone,
look, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n)
light, brightness.
glgelemek 1. shade (glge, glgelendirmek);

synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind,
cloud, apparition, conceal, darkness, dye, (v)
darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light,
brightness, 2. shadow (glge); synonyms (n)
shade, tail, trace, hint, follower, gloom, phantom,
reflection, umbrage, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure,
overshadow, track, dog.
glgelendirmek 1. shade (glge, glgelemek);

synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind,
cloud, apparition, conceal, darkness, dye, (v)
darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light,
brightness, 2. shadow (glge); synonyms (n)
shade, tail, trace, hint, follower, gloom, phantom,
glgelik canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen,
shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor.
gmlek 1. shirt; synonym (n) shirtwaist, 2. jacket
(ceket); synonyms (n) casing, sheath, case, cover,
covering, envelope, coat, skin, shield, wrap, (v)
clothe.
gmme 1. funeral; synonyms (n) burial, entombment,
interment, pyre, wake, committal, (adj) funebrial, 2.
sunk; synonyms (v) dashed, (adj) sunken, undone,
finished, profound, ruined, immersed, blasted,
buried, damaged, damp, deep, dejected, depressed,
desolate.
Gnder send (gndermek, yollamak); synonyms
(v) despatch, pass, convey, deliver, dispatch,
forward, give, mail, post, carry, divert, project,
beam, cast, channel.
gnderme 1. reference (ilgi, referans); synonyms
(n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion,
bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo,
refer, 2. transmission; synonyms (n) circulation,
transmitting.
gndermek 1. send (yollamak); synonyms (v)
despatch, pass, convey, deliver, dispatch, forward,
give, mail, post, carry, divert, project, beam, cast,
channel, 2. forward (ileri); synonyms (adv)
onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious,
advanced, early, brazen, confident, (n) further, (v)
advance, expedite, promote, cultivate; antonyms
(adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior, 3. ship (gemi);
synonyms (n) boat, ferry, craft, bottom, (v) send,

transport, consign, embark, move, transfer, charge,
transmit, 4. refer (bakmak, bavurmak);
synonyms (v) allude, apply, pertain, submit,
commend, advert, impute, name, relate, invoke,
adduce, ascribe, attribute, appeal, cite.
gnen prosperity; synonyms (n) affluence, success,
wealth, flourish, fortune, welfare, opulence,
abundance, good, prosperousness, benefit, growth,
riches, thrift, (adv) happiness; antonym (n) poverty.
gnl heart (kalp, yrek); synonyms (n) core, center,
spirit, affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux,
essence, hub, kernel, marrow, middle, (adj) gist;
antonym (n) edge.
gnll 1. volunteer; synonyms (n) voluntary, (v)
offer, proffer, tender, extend, propose, submit, (adj)
unpaid, 2. willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable,
disposed, ready, spontaneous, amenable, inclined,
prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, consenting,
obliging, content, desirous, game, glad; antonyms
(adj) unwilling, reluctant, 3. voluntary; synonyms
(adj) optional, deliberate, gratuitous, intentional,
willing, willful, elective, (n) volunteer; antonyms
(adj) involuntary, compulsory, forced, instinctive.
gnlllk 1. readiness; synonyms (n) facility,
alacrity, ease, dexterity, eagerness, expedition,
knack, preparation, promptness, quickness, fitness,
maturity, aptitude, (v) preparedness, ripeness, 2.
willingness; synonyms (n) readiness, obedience,
desire, appetite, volition, amity, benevolence,
conformity, favor, generosity, support, gameness,
inclination, keenness; antonym (n) unwillingness.
gnlsz reluctant; synonyms (adj) disinclined, loath,
averse, unwilling, hesitant, indisposed, loth,
involuntary, backward, diffident, shy, chary, slow,
tardy, adverse; antonyms (adj) inclined, willing,
eager.
gnlszlk reluctance; synonyms (n) disinclination,
aversion, hesitation, indisposition, distaste, disgust,
dislike, opposition, repugnance, unwillingness,
diffidence, hesitancy, scruple; antonym (n)
inclination.
gnye square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even,
correspond, (adv) just.
gre by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of,
about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through,
apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over.
greceli relative (greli); synonyms (adj) related,
greli relative; synonyms (adj) related, comparative,
proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant,
Turkish - English
(n) relation, brother, connection, congenator,
congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute.

grenek custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition,
habit, convention, practice, usage, use, fashion,
impost, method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v)
accustom, (adj) bespoke.
grev 1. task; synonyms (n) job, assignment, charge,
commission, duty, enterprise, labor, project, stint,
occupation, activity, business, chore, (v) tax,
exercise, 2. job (i); synonyms (n) employment,
position, work, career, matter, post, task, concern,
function, line, mission, office, profession, trade,
vocation, 3. commission (kurul); synonyms (n)
board, delegation, mandate, warrant, committee,
errand, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint,
authorize, delegate, empower, place, nominate, 4.
assignment; synonyms (n) allocation, allotment,
appointment, assigning, apportionment,
assignation, consignment, designation, transfer,
conveyance, delivery, grant, problem, 5. mission;
synonyms (n) deputation, goal, legation, delegacy,
calling, expedition, purpose, agendum, care, 6.
service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid,
assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony, utility,
agency, ministry, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist,
attendance, repair, 7. function (fonksiyon,
ilev); synonyms (n) role, service, application, part,
party, procedure, use, affair, force, (v) act, run, go,
operate, suffice, exploit, 8. office (bro, ofis);
synonyms (n) division, authority, berth, bureau,
engagement, location, establishment, department,
situation, spot, lieu, attitude, branch, management,
(adj) clerical, 9. duty; synonyms (n) commitment,
obligation, dues, must, responsibility, custom,
assessment, debt, deference, impost, toll, burden,
allegiance, piety, demand, 10. part (blm,
para); synonyms (n) constituent, piece, article,
character, component, cut, portion, section, share,
(v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce, class, cleave;
antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 11.
charge; synonyms (n) accusation, command, bill,
accusal, assail, direction, (v) accuse, blame, attack,
bid, load, arraign, assault, cost, fill; antonyms (v)
request, absolve, retreat, 12. appointment
(atama, randevu); synonyms (n) date, fitting,
rendezvous, conference, election, encounter,
meeting, naming, selection, appointee, 13. work
(alma, almak, i); synonyms (n) action,
book, composition, writing, deed, effort, (v) toil,
cultivate, ferment, form, manipulate, operation,
produce, do, forge; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction,
14. position (konum); synonyms (n) lay,
condition, opinion, placement, rank, set,
arrangement, bearing, (v) grade, fix, locate, arrange,
install, point, pose.
grevlendirmek commission (kurul); synonyms (n)
board, mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant,
191
assignment, charge, committee, (v) assign, accredit,

designate, appoint, authorize, delegate.
grevli employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer, hand,
worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge, labor,
beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert, craftsman,
flunky; antonym (n) employer.
grgl empirical; synonyms (adj) empiric,
experimental, observational, observed, pragmatic,
charlatanical, practical, experient, factual,
pretentious, provisional, quackish, speculative, (v)
tentative, probationary; antonym (adj) theoretical.
grgl experienced; synonyms (adj) accomplished,
capable, educated, competent, expert,
knowledgeable, old, practiced, proficient, skillful,
sophisticated, trained, able, conversant, informed;
antonyms (adj) inexperienced, naive, immature.
grgsz provincial; synonyms (adj) local, country,
insular, parochial, unsophisticated, narrow, rural,
(n) bucolic, peasant, rustic, churl; antonym (adj)
cosmopolitan.
grkem 1. glory (an); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity,
brightness, honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity,
eclat, eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult,
boast, 2. state (devlet, durum, eyalet);
synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country,
kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound,
express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj)
national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 3.
majesty; synonyms (n) glory, grandeur, loftiness,
splendor, greatness, magnificence, nobility,
stateliness, king, royalty, highness, pomp, emperor,
holiness, (adj) solemnity.
grkemli 1. splendid; synonyms (adj) fine, gorgeous,
illustrious, magnificent, beautiful, brilliant, grand,
noble, royal, gallant, proud, admirable, good, (v)
glorious, (n) excellent; antonym (adj) poor, 2.
magnificent; synonyms (adj) imposing, splendid,
grandiose, elegant, superb, divine, exquisite,
fabulous, luxurious, majestic, rich, stately, brave,
impressive, lovely, 3. brilliant; synonyms (adj)
bright, intelligent, luminous, spectacular, sunny,
vivid, brainy, diamond, gaudy, gifted,
incandescent, meteoric, sharp, (v) smart, (n) jewel;
antonyms (adj) dull, dim, awful, dark.
grme 1. vision; synonyms (n) sight, view, dream,
daydream, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost,
spirit, apparition, fantasy, hallucination, image,
phantom, (v) fancy; antonym (n) reality, 2. sight
(gr); synonyms (n) vision, glimpse, prospect,
scene, show, aspect, eye, eyesight, (v) aim, spot, see,
appearance, descry, discern, perceive.
grmek 1. see (anlamak); synonyms (v) look, feel,
discover, appreciate, behold, consider, deem,
discern, distinguish, know, notice, recognize,
apprehend, (adj) observe, perceive, 2. experience
(deneyim, tecrbe); synonyms (n) event, episode,
happening, taste, (v) encounter, endure, suffer,
192
Turkish - English
examine, enjoy, have, live, meet, receive, sustain,

(adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 3. look (bak,
bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect,
figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air,
countenance, expression, glance, guise, view, 4.
sight (gr); synonyms (n) vision, glimpse,
prospect, scene, show, eye, eyesight, outlook,
spectacle, (v) aim, spot, descry, detect, find, (adj)
eyesore, 5. view (bak, bakmak, grnm,
manzara); synonyms (n) sight, judgment, opinion,
idea, thought, notion, position, survey, belief,
estimation, impression, panorama, perspective,
persuasion, (v) regard, 6. spot (benek, leke,
nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot,
dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck,
grsel visual; synonyms (adj) visible, graphic, ocular,
optic, optical, seeable, artistic, decorative,
diagrammatic, drawn, (n) visuals, image, picture,
design, diagram.
gr vision (grme); synonyms (n) sight, view,
dream, daydream, imagination, outlook, specter,
ghost, spirit, apparition, fantasy, hallucination,
image, phantom, (v) fancy; antonym (n) reality.
grlebilir visual (grsel); synonyms (adj) visible,
graphic, ocular, optic, optical, seeable, artistic,
decorative, diagrammatic, drawn, (n) visuals,
image, picture, design, diagram.
grng phenomenon (fenomen); synonyms (n)
event, appearance, marvel, miracle, incident,
development, prodigy, wonder, occurrence,
happening, apparition, fact, sight, manifestation,
matter.
grnmek 1. appear; synonyms (v) occur, rise, seem,
sound, emerge, show, break, arise, arrive, begin,
feel, happen, look, surface, (n) come; antonyms (v)
disappear, vanish, 2. look (bak, bakmak);
synonyms (v) appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face,
gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance,
expression, glance, guise, view, (int) behold, 3.
seem; synonyms (v) beseem, act, front, 4. show
demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, (n) display,
exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation;
antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide.
grnmeyen invisible; synonyms (adj) imperceptible,
hidden, inconspicuous, obscure, intangible,
sightless, concealed, impalpable, occult, unseeable,
unseen, evanescent; antonyms (adj) obvious, visible,
conspicuous.
grnmez invisible; synonyms (adj) imperceptible,
hidden, inconspicuous, obscure, intangible,
sightless, concealed, impalpable, occult, unseeable,
unseen, evanescent; antonyms (adj) obvious, visible,
conspicuous.
grnt 1. image (resim); synonyms (n) figure,

picture, fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea,
impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome,
icon, (v) depict, envision, 2. picture (resim,
tablo); synonyms (n) photograph, paint, drawing,
likeness, depiction, description, film, illustration,
landscape, painting, (v) image, describe, draw,
imagine, copy, 3. video; synonyms (n) television,
movie, telecasting, (v) tape, record, 4. display;
synonyms (n) array, presentation, appearance,
screen, demonstration, exhibition, (v) exhibit, show,
disclose, parade, expose, produce, brandish, flaunt,
indicate; antonym (v) conceal.
grntleme view (bak, bakmak, grnm,

manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment,
opinion, scene, idea, outlook, prospect, thought,
aspect, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye.
grnm 1. outlook; synonyms (n) aspect,
expectation, lookout, anticipation, hope,
expectancy, angle, attitude, future, look,
perspective, position, scene, (v) prospect, landscape,
2. appearance; synonyms (n) air, face, semblance,
shape, show, advent, apparition, form, image,
impression, manner, surface, view, appear, arrival;
antonyms (n) disappearance, departure, vanishing,
3. view (bak, bakmak, manzara); synonyms
(n) sight, judgment, opinion, idea, outlook, thought,
notion, spectacle, survey, (v) regard, observe, see,
consider, eye, behold, 4. perspective
(perspektif); synonyms (n) panorama, horizon,
standpoint, viewpoint, vision, slant, stance, vista,
stand, 5. prospect; synonyms (n) possibility,
chance, likelihood, picture, probability, forecast,
candidate, prognosis, opening, foresight, occasion,
opportunity, (v) explore, investigate, search;
antonym (n) past.
grnr visible; synonyms (adj) obvious, perceptible,
conspicuous, apparent, evident, open, clear,
discernible, manifest, noticeable, observable, plain,
appreciable, visual, transparent; antonyms (adj)
invisible, imperceptible.
grn 1. face (ehre, surat, yz); synonyms (n)
look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top,
exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront,
audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v)
avoid, back, 2. appearance (grnm);
synonyms (n) air, face, semblance, shape, show,
advent, apparition, form, image, impression,
manner, view, appear, arrival, color; antonyms (n)
disappearance, departure, vanishing, 3. aspect;
synonyms (n) bearing, prospect, angle, facet,
feature, quality, respect, scene, vista, attribute,
demeanor, hue, attitude, carriage, (v) regard, 4.
look (bak, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem,
expect, figure, attend, eye, peek, stare, gape, (n)
gaze, glance, guise, cast, feel, glimpse, (int) behold,
5. outlook (grnm); synonyms (n) expectation,
Turkish - English
lookout, anticipation, hope, expectancy, future,
perspective, position, slant, viewpoint, vision,
mentality, spectacle, feeling, (v) landscape, 6.
spectacle; synonyms (n) display, pageant, sight,
exhibition, phenomenon, performance, picture,
wonder, scenery, pageantry, play, pomp,
representation, cavalcade, (v) parade; antonym (n)
modesty, 7. sight (gr); synonyms (n) eyesight,
outlook, ken, opinion, (v) aim, spot, see, descry,
discern, perceive, detect, find, notice, observe, (adj)
eyesore, 8. show (gsteri, gstermek);
synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide,
indicate, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give,
manifest, perform, (n) exhibit, produce, ostentation,
gr 1. sight; synonyms (n) vision, glimpse,
prospect, scene, show, view, aspect, eye, eyesight,
(v) aim, spot, see, appearance, descry, discern, 2.
vision (grme); synonyms (n) sight, dream,
daydream, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost,
spirit, apparition, fantasy, hallucination, image,
phantom, illusion, (v) fancy; antonym (n) reality, 3.
view (bak, bakmak, grnm, manzara);

synonyms (n) look, judgment, opinion, idea,
thought, notion, position, spectacle, survey, belief,
(v) regard, observe, consider, behold, deem, 4.
thought; synonyms (v) observation, (n) conception,
consideration, impression, feeling, reflection,
sentiment, concept, apprehension, attention, care,
cogitation, design, mind, plan; antonym (n) fact, 5.
eye (gz); synonyms (n) optic, peeper, ring, center,
centre, oculus, (v) gaze, stare, watch, glance,
examine, eyeball, 6. concept; synonyms (n) theory,
construct, perception, 7. opinion (fikir);
synonyms (n) advice, conjecture, guess, meaning,
counsel, comment, estimate, decision, conviction,
attitude, estimation, hypothesis, supposition,
verdict, appraisal, 8. conception (fikir);
synonyms (n) creation, comprehension, invention,
understanding, initiation, appreciation, awareness,
conceit, grasp, inkling, intellection, reading, sense,
beginning, innovation; antonym (n) misconception.
grme 1. talk (konuma, konumak); synonyms
(v) gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, address,
articulate, chat, prattle, speak, (n) discourse,
language, colloquy, conversation, dialogue,
palaver, 2. interview; synonyms (n) conference,
consultation, audience, hearing, examination,
appointment, discussion, meeting, parley, (v)
question, interrogate, talk, encounter, 3.
discussion; synonyms (n) argument, debate,
controversy, consideration, dispute, negotiation,
contention, contest, dissertation, huddle, review,
speech, word, altercation, comment, 4. debate;
synonyms (n) argue, argumentation, disputation,
difference, disagreement, (v) contend, controvert,
discuss, canvass, altercate, consider, deliberate,
193
moot, quarrel, reason; antonym (v) agree, 5.

conference; synonyms (n) assembly, council,
interview, congress, gathering, session, sitting,
conclave, association, convocation, deliberation,
seance, league, 6. intercourse; synonyms (n)
communion, contact, acquaintance, coition, coitus,
communication, dealings, commerce, copulation,
fellowship, fucking, dealing, connection, (adj)
familiarity, intimacy.
grmek 1. discuss; synonyms (v) argue, debate,
agitate, consult, deliberate, canvass, discourse,
dispute, mention, moot, negotiate, reason,
converse, weigh, controvert, 2. contact (temas);
synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision,
communication, link, impact, tangency,
acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate,
reach, butt, join, 3. meet; synonyms (v) converge,
find, assemble, congregate, encounter, fulfill,
gather, answer, cross, confront, intersect, abut,
concur, collect, (adj) fit; antonyms (v) avoid,
disperse, diverge, 4. negotiate; synonyms (v)
bargain, treat, mediate, intercede, confer, discuss,
arbitrate, arrange, trade, contract, manage, barter,
haggle, pass, settle, 5. consult; synonyms (v)
consider, advise, refer, confab, confabulate, (n) talk,
6. interview; synonyms (n) conference,
consultation, audience, conversation, hearing,
examination, appointment, discussion, meeting,
parley, (v) question, interrogate, 7. see (anlamak,
grmek); synonyms (v) look, feel, discover,
appreciate, behold, deem, discern, distinguish,
know, notice, recognize, apprehend, ascertain, (adj)
observe, perceive.
Gster show (gsteri, gstermek); synonyms (v)
gsterge 1. indicator; synonyms (n) gauge, index,
indication, arrow, indicant, pointer, signpost, sign,
signal, symbol, 2. index (dizin, indeks);
synonyms (n) catalogue, exponent, file, table,
catalog, forefinger, roll, directory, subscript,
enumeration, indicator, indices, mark, record, (v)
list, 3. legend; synonyms (n) caption, fable, fiction,
tale, account, myth, story, title, tradition, chronicle,
folklore, romance, narrative, saga, yarn.
gsteri 1. demonstration; synonyms (n) parade,
proof, argument, display, manifestation,
presentation, demo, evidence, exhibition,
illustration, show, testimony, showing, indication,
(v) exposition, 2. show (gstermek); synonyms
(v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate,
demonstrate, disclose, give, manifest, perform, (n)
appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, pageant;
antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 3.
performance (performans); synonyms (n) act,
194
Turkish - English
discharge, achievement, execution, fulfillment,

action, efficiency; antonyms (n) omission, practice,
4. parade; synonyms (n) ceremony, pomp,
flourish, demonstration, file, procession, (v) flaunt,
array, strut, swagger, troop, walk, process, flash,
promenade, 5. showing; synonyms (n) screening,
revelation, viewing.
gsterim 1. representation (temsil); synonyms (n)
image, performance, depiction, picture,
presentation, effigy, diagram, portrait, model,
copy, description, emblem, illustration, likeness,
appearance, 2. notation; synonyms (n) annotation,
memo, note, memorandum, register, annotating,
banknote, bill, billet, digit, distinction, document,
eminence, greenback, line, 3. projection
(izdm); synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut,
prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang,
plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast,
(adj) salient.
gsteri 1. parade; synonyms (n) display, ostentation,
show, pageant, ceremony, pomp, flourish, (v)
flaunt, exhibit, demonstrate, array, strut, swagger,
troop, walk, 2. show (gsteri, gstermek);
indicate, parade, disclose, evidence, give, manifest,
perform, (n) appearance, produce, presentation,
picture; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide.
gsterili smart (akgz); synonyms (adj) bright,
crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute,
chic, clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain,
sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby,
unkempt, slow.
gsterisiz 1. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave,
sedate, sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn,
modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber,
staid; antonym (adj) intoxicated, 2. quiet (sakin,
sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify, cool,
gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v) appease, assuage,
allay, silence, (n) calm, hush, compose, ease;
antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous,
active, (n) noise.
gsterme 1. demonstration (gsteri); synonyms (n)
parade, proof, argument, display, manifestation,
presentation, demo, evidence, exhibition,
illustration, show, testimony, showing, indication,
(v) exposition, 2. indication; synonyms (n) clue,
index, designation, direction, mark, forerunner,
herald, emblem, gesture, harbinger, hint, reference,
cue, allusion, inkling, 3. showing; synonyms (n)
exhibit, screening, revelation, viewing, 4.
presentation; synonyms (n) donation,
demonstration, introduction, performance, offer,
appearance, gift, exposure, induction, intro,
overture, presentment, production, recital, debut.
gstermek 1. indicate; synonyms (v) denote, direct,

augur, betoken, designate, imply, mark, show,
foretell, foreshadow, argue, bespeak, bode,
demonstrate, evince, 2. show (gsteri);
indicate, parade, disclose, evidence, give, (n)
display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation,
presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide,
3. point (nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak,
nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, spot, phase,
apex, detail, (v) head, level, 4. represent (temsil
etmek); synonyms (v) depict, portray, act, be,
describe, embody, exemplify, illustrate, play, enact,
make, impersonate, comprise, constitute, (adj)
express, 5. disclose; synonyms (v) betray, declare,
impart, detect, discover, divulge, reveal, convey,
announce, air, communicate, bare, break, tell, (adj)
confess; antonym (v) secrete, 6. display; synonyms
(n) array, screen, demonstration, exhibition, scene,
showing, spectacle, view, performance, fair, flash,
manifestation, (v) brandish, flaunt, manifest, 7.
teach; synonyms (v) inform, enlighten, coach,
educate, instruct, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture,
school, discipline, form, train, tutor, catechize, 8.
produce; synonyms (v) effect, cause, bring,
procreate, breed, construct, create, frame, generate,
fetch, prepare, bear, beget, (n) gain, crop.
gstermelik 1. sample (rnek); synonyms (n)
example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay,
case, illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try,
attempt, essay, (adj) test, 2. specimen; synonyms
(n) sample, copy, person, representative, type.
gt arse; synonyms (n) anus, bottom, bum, arsehole,
ass, asshole, backside, behind, butt, buttocks, can,
derriere, fanny, fundament, hindquarters.
gotik gothic; synonyms (adj) medieval, mediaeval,
doggerel, outlandish, rude, tramontane,
unclassical, chivalric, primitive, quaint, knightly.
gtrmek 1. carry (nakletmek, tamak);

synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take,
acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack,
transport, load, assume, admit, 2. get (almak,
elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v)
acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy,
come, fall, fetch, achieve, beget, capture, cause,
engage; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 3. take
(almak); synonyms (v) get, adopt, carry, clutch,
obtain, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, claim,
demand, grab, have, (n) seize, (phr) receive;
antonyms (v) refuse, abstain, add, 4. convey;
synonyms (v) communicate, channel, express,
transfer, transmit, impart, mean, cede, consign,
deliver, ferry, grant, pass, recount, say, 5. lead;
synonyms (v) head, guide, contribute, direct, chair,
conduce, control, go, govern, command, dispose,
(n) clue, advantage, hint, (adj) front; antonym (v)
follow, 6. bear (ay, tamak); synonyms (v)
Turkish - English
abide, stand, afford, allow, apply, brook, digest,
endure, produce, suffer, support, teem, tolerate,
undergo, wear.
gvde 1. body (beden, vcut); synonyms (n)
spirit, 2. hull; synonyms (n) crust, shell, hulk,
husk, structure, body, glume, (v) skin, (adj) torso,
trunk, bole, 3. stem (sap); synonyms (n) root, bow,
branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, (v)
originate, block, arrest, halt, issue, proceed, 4.
frame (ereve); synonyms (n) design, border,
build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct,
fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute,
contrive, 5. trunk (bavul); synonyms (n) stem,
boot, proboscis, snout, box, stock, case, house,
luggage, nose, stirps.
gz 1. eye; synonyms (n) optic, opinion, peeper, (v)
behold, see, view, gaze, stare, look, watch, glance,
glimpse, examine, eyeball, regard, 2. drawer
(ekmece); synonyms (n) draftsman,
draughtsman, till, commode, engraver, case, locker,
closet, bin, buffet, bunker, cellaret, clothespress,
cupboard, draftsperson, 3. compartment;
synonyms (n) cell, division, cabin, cubicle,
separation, bay, booth, cubbyhole, (v) apartment,
partition, 4. cell (gze, hcre); synonyms (n)
cage, jail, cadre, hole, cave, chamber, compartment,
coop, den, lair, recess.
gzbebei pupil; synonyms (n) follower, learner,
student, scholar, apprentice, disciple, trainee,
schoolchild, novice, adherent, tyro, ward, beginner,
educatee.
gzda threat; synonyms (n) menace, danger,
hazard, peril, risk, coercion, jeopardy, omen,
scourge, terror, warning; antonym (n) safety.
gzde 1. favourite; synonyms (adj) favored, (n)
favorite, darling, ducky, pet, dearie, deary, blaze,
ingle, fire, fireplace, flame, paramour, 2. pet;
synonyms (adj) favourite, precious, (n) love,
beloved, coddle, (v) caress, dear, dandle, fondle,
baby, pamper, cherish, indulge, pat, cuddle.
gze cell (hcre); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre, hole,
cave, booth, chamber, compartment, coop, cubicle,
den, lair, recess.
gzetici supervisor (deneti); synonyms (n)
keeper.
gzetim 1. supervision; synonyms (n) oversight,
charge, control, direction, management,
superintendence, guidance, custody, observation,
care, administration, command, government,
supervising, (v) inspection, 2. surveillance;
synonyms (n) supervision, vigilance, watch,
195
scrutiny, monitoring, lookout, examination,

following, eye, intelligence, look, security, spying,
bug, bugging; antonym (n) neglect.
gzetleme 1. observation (gzlem); synonyms (n)
comment, observance, remark, attention,
inspection, notice, contemplation, conception,
consideration, perception, reflection, idea, notion,
(v) note, heed, 2. spy (casus); synonyms (n) scout,
detective, mole, patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy,
snoop, discern, discover, observe, perceive, descry,
behold, investigate.
gzetlemek 1. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate,
comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard,
behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark,
mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 2. spy
(casus); synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole,
patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern,
observe, perceive, descry, investigate, recognize,
sight.
gzlem observation; synonyms (n) comment,
observance, remark, attention, inspection, notice,
contemplation, conception, consideration,
perception, reflection, idea, notion, (v) note, heed.
gzlemci observer; synonyms (n) beholder,
bystander, spectator, witness, eyewitness,
onlooker, viewer, watcher, commentator, student.
gzleme observation (gzlem); synonyms (n)
(v) note, heed.
gzlemek 1. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate,
mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 2. watch
(bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe,
clock, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend,
check, (n) view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance,
lookout, (adj) vigilance.
gzlemlemek observe; synonyms (v) celebrate,
mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel.
gzlk 1. glasses; synonyms (n) spectacles,
eyeglasses, specs, bifocals, monocle, 2. spectacles;
synonyms (n) glasses, eyewear, visor, () barnacle.
gzlkotu honesty (drstlk); synonyms (n)
candor, fairness, integrity, justice, candidness,
equity, frankness, probity, chastity, decency, faith,
honestness, morality, rectitude, (adj) fidelity;
antonyms (n) dishonesty, deceit, deception,
deviousness, treachery, wickedness.
gzkmek appear (grnmek); synonyms (v) occur,
rise, seem, sound, emerge, show, break, arise,
arrive, begin, feel, happen, look, surface, (n) come;
antonyms (v) disappear, vanish.
196
Turkish - English
gzpek bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous,

cowardly, timid, modest.
gzya tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v)
break, rip, crack, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run,
rush, slit, rive, cleave.
grafik 1. graph; synonyms (n) figure, diagram, plan,
drawing, illustration, map, table, (v) chart, 2. chart;
synonyms (n) plot, graphic, schematic, schedule,
scheme, (v) graph, sketch, design, draw, list,
outline, 3. graphic; synonyms (adj) vivid,
descriptive, clear, picturesque, realistic, expressive,
graphical, lifelike, detailed, (n) picture, image, (v)
pictorial.
gramer grammar (dilbilgisi); synonyms (n)
rudiments, elements, praxis, punctuation, outlines,
(v) initiation.
granit granite; synonyms (n) brickwork, limestone,
mineral, sandstone, stonework, (adj) stone, crag,
crystal, flint, fossil, marble, pebble, quartz, rock.
grev strike (bulmak); synonyms (n) knock, assault,
clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress, slap, move, affect,
box, buffet, bump, clout, coin.
grevci striker; synonyms (n) hitter, beater, batsman,
batter, activist, campaigner, demonstrator,
marcher, picketer, pulsator, slugger, dissenter,
wencher.
gri 1. gray; synonyms (adj) dull, bleak, dim, gloomy,
grizzled, hoary, leaden, old, overcast, pale, dismal,
murky, white, (n) grizzle, (v) grey; antonym (adj)
bright, 2. grey; synonyms (adj) greyish, hoar,
grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray.
grip flu; synonyms (n) influenza, grippe, disease,
sickness, bug, infection, virus, (adj) grip.
grup 1. group (kme); synonyms (n) bunch, brigade,
collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump,
company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class, cluster,
rank, sort, 2. bunch (salkm); synonyms (n) batch,
band, group, lot, troop, horde, bulge, herd,
accumulation, crew, knob, (v) bundle, huddle, pack,
heap; antonym (v) disperse, 3. set (ayarlamak,
locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n)
bent, circle, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v)
variable, flexible, liquid, 4. band (bant);
synonyms (n) party, set, swathe, collar, faction,
knot, lace, strap, strip, stripe, zone, list, (v) ring,
combine, tie, 5. outfit; synonyms (n) dress, garb,
gear, kit, apparel, clothing, costume, ensemble, rig,
clothes, (v) equipment, attire, equip, fit, furnish, 6.
batch; synonyms (n) body, battery, charge, mass,
suite, consignment, clutch, pile, stack, stock, wad,
7. cluster (kme); synonyms (n) agglomeration,
tuft, assembly, clustering, lump, clunk, (v) collect,

gather, assemble, concentrate, congregate, swarm.
gruplama configuration; synonyms (n) form,
arrangement, conformation, shape, organization,
outline, composition, constellation, contour, design,
fashion, figure, formation, structure, class.
gruplamak group (grup, kme); synonyms (n)
bunch, brigade, collection, crowd, flock, gang,
association, clump, company, gathering, (v)
assemblage, class, cluster, rank, sort.
gbre soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, dirt,
grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, contaminate,
dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, defile, foul, mould;
antonym (v) clean.
g 1. power (iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability,
powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, 2.
strength (kuvvet); synonyms (n) power, firmness,
vigor, endurance, stability, health, soundness,
amount, brawn, forcefulness, forte, fortitude,
lustiness, magnitude, muscle; antonyms (n) frailty,
flaw, shortcoming, 3. force (kuvvet, zorlamak);
synonyms (n) effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, (v)
drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel,
cram, impel, press, push, (adj) constrain; antonym
(n) persuasion, 4. energy (enerji); synonyms (n)
animation, dash, life, spirit, determination, effort,
vitality, capability, action, activity, dynamism, go,
stamina, verve, vim; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy,
exhaustion, tiredness, idleness, sluggishness, 5.
hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult,
grave, severe, strong, arduous, callous, cruel,
grueling, knotty, tough, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n)
rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, kind, merciful,
6. might; synonyms (v) can, could, main, (n)
puissance, vehemence, efficacy, command,
mightiness, nerve, sway, violence, inclemency, 7.
difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) awkward,
demanding, burdensome, complicated, delicate,
fastidious, hard, uphill, finicky, abstruse,
crabby; antonyms (adj) straightforward, goodnatured, rewarding, clear, 8. ability (yetenek);
synonyms (n) hand, aptitude, cleverness, dexterity,
talent, accomplishment, bent, competency,
expertise, flair, genius, gift, knowledge, skill,
intelligence; antonyms (n) inability, injury, 9. arm
(kol); synonyms (n) branch, wing, bay, department,
division, limb, offshoot, section, sleeve, weapon,
endow, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide; antonym
(v) disarm, 10. heavy (ar); synonyms (adj) dull,
deep, dark, dense, fat, full, gross, bulky, grievous,
oppressive, thick, compact, ample, cumbersome,
overweight; antonyms (adj) light, slim, thin, slight,
Turkish - English
gentle, puny, skinny, 11. capability (yetenek);
synonyms (n) capableness, competence, potential,
qualification, aptness, efficiency, endowment,
potentiality, proficiency, susceptibility, adequacy;
antonyms (n) failure, incapability, 12. effort
(aba, gayret); synonyms (n) attempt, exertion,
application, endeavor, struggle, trial, trouble, try,
diligence, bid, campaign, cause, crusade, deed,
essay, 13. steam (buu, buhar); synonyms (n)
mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, (v) reek, evaporate,
exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, heat, (adj) gas.
gcenme resentment; synonyms (n) grudge, anger,
displeasure, indignation, rage, rancor, umbrage,
envy, grievance, passion, animosity, bitterness,
fury, gall, hostility; antonym (n) cheerfulness.
glendirmek strengthen; synonyms (v) consolidate,
confirm, corroborate, brace, encourage, enhance,
fortify, intensify, invigorate, bolster, buttress,
harden, increase, stiffen, toughen; antonyms (v)
weaken, undermine.
gl 1. mighty; synonyms (adj) enormous, immense,
huge, grand, powerful, intense, high, big, forcible,
great, large, strong, mammoth, cogent, formidable,
2. powerful; synonyms (adj) able, brawny, hard,
mighty, muscular, potent, effective, energetic,
influential, lusty, vigorous, hardy, full, deep, (n)
fierce; antonyms (adj) powerless, weak, mild, 3.
potent; synonyms (adj) forceful, persuasive,
efficacious, stiff, firm, heady, impressive, robust,
dynamic, important, stout, sturdy, telling, (n)
effectual, efficient; antonym (adj) impotent, 4.
strong; synonyms (adj) stable, steady, durable,
good, rigid, secure, solid, sound, athletic, hearty,
heavy, loud, severe, staunch, (v) steadfast;
antonyms (adj) bland, delicate, faint, feeble, frail,
pale, slight, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, dull,
exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, lightweight, 5.
hardy; synonyms (adj) courageous, audacious,
brave, fearless, manly, gallant, doughty, resilient,
tough, fresh, adamantine, stalwart, (n) bold, daring,
rugged, 6. able; synonyms (adj) capable, clever,
competent, dexterous, accomplished, adroit,
consummate, expert, fit, gifted, ingenious,
endowed, experienced, adept, (n) talented;
antonyms (adj) incapable, incompetent, inept,
unable, untrained, 7. energetic; synonyms (adj)
active, animated, brisk, busy, driving, agile,
emphatic, aggressive, enterprising, industrious,
lively, spirited, sprightly, spry, strenuous;
antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, inactive,
indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, indifferent,
listless, 8. robust; synonyms (adj) healthy,
healthful, masculine, hefty, rich, strapping, hale,
robustious, able-bodied, bulky, handsome,
substantial, burly, (n) enduring, iron; antonym (adj)
fragile.
197
glk 1. difficulty; synonyms (n) hindrance,

impediment, trouble, bother, asperity, jam, barrier,
difficultness, fix, hardship, inconvenience, obstacle,
strait, adversity, disadvantage; antonyms (n) ease,
simplicity, advantage, help, 2. complexity;
synonyms (n) complication, intricacy, complex,
convolution, complexness, confusion, muddle,
character, combination, complexion, depth,
embarrassment, imbroglio, insight, (adj)
entanglement; antonym (n) clarity.
glkle ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing, diseased,
unhealthy, adverse, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, (n)
evil, harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, mischief;
antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well.
gsz weak; synonyms (adj) feeble, frail, faint, flat,
flimsy, fragile, thin, watery, light, ailing, cowardly,
delicate, diluted, exhausted, inadequate; antonyms
(adj) strong, brave, concentrated, firm, safe,
compelling, determined, effective, forceful, healthy,
intense, powerful, resolute, robust, sturdy.
gszlk weakness; synonyms (n) debility, defect,
failing, fault, deficiency, feebleness, fragility,
imperfection, flaw, frailty, inadequacy, blemish,
predilection, (adj) infirmity, foible; antonyms (n)
strength, power, dislike, advantage, brightness,
determination, intensity, supremacy.
gd 1. motive; synonyms (n) cause, ground,
account, impulse, incentive, incitement,
inducement, motif, motivation, reason, subject,
design, grounds, (v) aim, consideration, 2.
motivation; synonyms (n) motive, spur, impetus,
force, provocation, stimulus, drive, inspiration, 3.
incentive; synonyms (n) encouragement, goad,
fillip, whip, bait, bribe, catalyst, stimulant, urge,
bonus, lure; antonyms (n) deterrent, disincentive,
constraint.
gl rose; synonyms (v) flush, redden, glow, (n) rosette,
red, (adj) pink, rosaceous, roseate, anemone,
asphodel, begonia, buttercup, daffodil, geranium,
lily.
gldr 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper,
wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card,
climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality,
modality, (v) humor, 2. comedy (komedi);
synonyms (n) farce, play, drollery, clowning,
drama, show; antonym (n) tragedy.
glle shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling,
chance, discharge, effort, endeavor.
glme laughter; synonyms (n) amusement, fun,
laugh, merriment, hilarity, mirth, derision,
happiness; antonym (n) sadness.
glmek laugh; synonyms (n) chuckle, chortle, jest,
gag, jape, laughter, cackle, sneer, scream, (v) joke,
giggle, smile, titter, snicker, beam; antonym (v) cry.
198
Turkish - English
glmseme smile; synonyms (n) grin, grinning,
gnah sin (gnah ilemek); synonyms (n) evil, fault,
smiling, expression, luck, (v) beam, laugh, chuckle,

grimace, sneer, countenance, favor, propitiousness;
antonym (v) frown.
glmsemek smile (glmseme); synonyms (n)
grin, grinning, smiling, expression, luck, (v) beam,
laugh, chuckle, grimace, sneer, countenance, favor,
propitiousness; antonym (v) frown.
gln 1. comic; synonyms (adj) amusing, burlesque,
comical, funny, humorous, laughable, absurd,
droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker,
buffoon, jester, zany, 2. ridiculous; synonyms (adj)
foolish, preposterous, farcical, inane, nonsensical,
comic, derisory, irrational, outrageous, silly,
inconsistent, grotesque, crazy, daft, extravagant;
antonyms (adj) sensible, inspiring, reasonable, 3.
absurd (anlamsz, sama); synonyms (adj)
ridiculous, unreasonable, illogical, incredible, inept,
meaningless, senseless, pointless, childish,
cockeyed, extraordinary, idiotic, impossible,
impractical, improbable, 4. funny; synonyms (adj)
eccentric, facetious, fishy, peculiar, strange,
diverting, curious, entertaining, odd, queer,
suspicious, unusual, whimsical, abnormal, (adv)
funnily; antonyms (adj) serious, grave.
glnlk humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card,
modality, (v) humor.
gl 1. laugh (glmek); synonyms (n) chuckle,
chortle, jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle, sneer,
scream, (v) joke, giggle, smile, titter, snicker, beam;
antonym (v) cry, 2. laughter; synonyms (n)
amusement, fun, laugh, merriment, hilarity, mirth,
derision, happiness; antonym (n) sadness.
gmbrdemek 1. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar,
noise, bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound,
thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms
(n) depression, (v) collapse, decline, 2. thunder;
synonyms (n) boom, roll, clap, thundering, crash, (v)
howl, rumble, fulminate, storm, growl, grumble,
(adj) explode, detonate, bounce, displode.
gmrk customs; synonyms (n) custom, duty,
impost, civilization, mores, background, conduct,
culture, ethnicity, etiquette, excise, habits, society,
tradition, traditions.
gm silver (gm rengi); synonyms (adj) silvery,
argent, white, silvern, blanch, bleach, eloquent,
etiolate, facile, fluent, gray, (n) money, gold,
flatware, (v) plate.
gn 1. day (gndz); synonyms (n) light, daylight,
generation, age, daytime, epoch, time, crisis;
antonyms (n) nighttime, night, 2. sun (gne);
synonyms (n) sunlight, sunshine, sunn,
temperateness, (adj) star, (v) bask, sunbathe, heat,
solarise, solarize.
iniquity, crime, blunder, error, guilt, misdeed,

offense, wickedness, mistake, (v) offend, blame, err,
trespass; antonyms (n) virtue, piety.
gnahsz innocent (masum); synonyms (adj)
harmless, chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous,
innocuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless,
faultless, gullible, naive, pure, spotless; antonyms
(adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, wicked.
gnahszlk innocence; synonyms (n) cleanness,
blamelessness, chastity, ignorance, artlessness,
gullibility, ingenuousness, purity, innocency,
simplicity, sinlessness, virtue, candor, frankness,
honor; antonyms (n) guilt, sophistication.
gnbatm sunset; synonyms (n) dusk, evening,
nightfall, sundown, twilight; antonym (n) dawn.
gnce diary; synonyms (n) journal, calendar, agenda,
daybook, annals, autobiography, chronicle,
ephemeris, history, record.
gncel 1. up-to-date; synonyms (adj) modern,
contemporary, current, new, present, topical,
fashionable, recent, fresh, stylish, timely,
conversant, cultured, prevalent, progressive, 2.
contemporary (Modern); synonyms (adj)
contemporaneous, up-to-date, existing,
simultaneous, coetaneous, cotemporary, (n) coeval,
equal; antonyms (adj) past, old, old-fashioned, 3.
actual (gerek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute,
true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent,
hypothetical, supposed, 4. current (akm, cari,
geerli); synonyms (adj) common, instant, actual,
popular, rife, accepted, chic, (n) flow, stream, run,
afloat, movement, trend, (prep) course, tide;
antonyms (adj) obsolete, previous.
gndelik 1. everyday; synonyms (adj) common,
usual, customary, familiar, routine, accustomed,
average, casual, commonplace, daily, frequent,
habitual, humdrum, (v) ordinary, general;
antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, exquisite, 2.
daily (gnlk); synonyms (adj) journal, diurnal,
everyday, regular, (n) newspaper, gazette, paper,
tabloid.
gndem agenda; synonyms (n) schedule, agendum,
diary, docket, plan, note, almanac, bill, book, card,
chart, datebook, list, outline, table.
gndz 1. day (gn); synonyms (n) light, daylight,
generation, age, daytime, epoch, time, crisis;
antonyms (n) nighttime, night, 2. daylight;
synonyms (n) day, dawn, daybreak, morning,
sunrise, clearance, sunup, 3. daytime; synonym
(n) sunshine.
gne sun; synonyms (n) light, sunlight, sunshine,
sunn, temperateness, (adj) star, (v) bask, sunbathe,
heat, solarise, solarize.
Turkish - English
199
gnelendirmek sun (gne); synonyms (n) light,
grlt 1. noise (patrt); synonyms (n) clatter,
sunlight, sunshine, sunn, temperateness, (adj) star,

(v) bask, sunbathe, heat, solarise, solarize.
gnelenmek sun (gne); synonyms (n) light,
sunlight, sunshine, sunn, temperateness, (adj) star,
(v) bask, sunbathe, heat, solarise, solarize.
gneli sunny; synonyms (adj) bright, cheerful, clear,
gay, merry, blithe, brilliant, fair, radiant, shining,
shiny, happy, jovial, beaming, jolly; antonyms (adj)
dark, overcast.
gney 1. south; synonyms (n) southland, confederacy,
s, confederation, conspiracy, federation, mho, sec,
second, siemens, sulfur, sulphur, (adj) left, polar, 2.
southern; synonyms (adj) south, southerly,
meridional, (n) austral, austrine.
gneyli southern (gney); synonyms (adj) south,
southerly, meridional, (n) austral, austrine.
gnlk 1. daily; synonyms (adj) journal, diurnal,
everyday, regular, (n) newspaper, gazette, paper,
tabloid, 2. journal; synonyms (n) diary, book,
magazine, periodical, ephemeris, chronicle, log,
record, annals, calendar, organ, review, annual, (adj)
daybook, daily, 3. diary; synonyms (n) agenda,
autobiography, history, 4. everyday; synonyms
(adj) common, usual, customary, familiar, routine,
accustomed, average, casual, commonplace,
frequent, habitual, humdrum, mundane, (v)
ordinary, general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary,
unusual, exquisite, 5. log; synonyms (n) block,
timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet,
logarithm, bobbing, faggot, (v) enter, lumber.
gr 1. rank (sra); synonyms (n) range, place, file,
antonym (adj) fresh, 2. rich (zengin); synonyms
(adj) abundant, copious, fertile, productive, fruitful,
full, affluent, ample, deep, fat, luxurious, opulent,
plentiful, prolific, bright; antonyms (adj) poor,
broke, destitute, impoverished, light.
grbz robust; synonyms (adj) healthy, firm, strong,
athletic, brawny, muscular, powerful, vigorous,
lusty, mighty, healthful, hearty, stout, (n) hardy,
hard; antonyms (adj) weak, slight, fragile, frail.
grleme roar; synonyms (n) boom, thunder, shout,
bark, noise, peal, (v) bellow, cry, bawl, howl, clatter,
blare, call, holler, (adj) bluster; antonym (v) whisper.
grlemek 1. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise,
bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound,
thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms
(n) depression, (v) collapse, decline, 2. thunder;
synonyms (n) boom, roll, clap, thundering, crash, (v)
howl, rumble, fulminate, storm, growl, grumble,
(adj) explode, detonate, bounce, displode, 3. roar;
synonyms (n) shout, bark, clamor, bellowing, hollo,
(v) cry, bawl, clatter, call, holler, rave, scream, yell,
(adj) bluster, rage; antonym (v) whisper.
clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, din, disturbance,

echo, uproar, buzz, clang, commotion, crack, crash,
(v) fame; antonyms (n) silence, quiet, 2. bang;
synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap, smash,
strike, blast, blow, bump, (v) hit, slam, bash, boom,
clink, 3. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank,
fall, impact, wreck, breakdown, roar, (v) bang,
collapse, break, dash, plunge, ram, thunder, 4.
sound (ses); synonyms (n) peal, (v) ring, chime,
fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good,
just, rational, right, sane, sensible, robust;
antonyms (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 5.
row; synonyms (n) altercation, line, file, rank,
squabble, wrangle, dispute, (v) quarrel, brawl, fight,
argue, bicker, order, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n)
agreement, (v) agree.
grltc noisy (grltl); synonyms (adj)
disorderly, boisterous, clamorous, loud, vociferous,
blatant, rowdy, shrill, strident, tumultuous,
turbulent, vocal, bustling, confused, harsh;
antonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, silent, calm,
tranquil.
grltl 1. noisy (grltc); synonyms (adj)
disorderly, boisterous, clamorous, loud, vociferous,
blatant, rowdy, shrill, strident, tumultuous,
turbulent, vocal, bustling, confused, harsh;
antonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, silent, calm,
tranquil, 2. loud (yksek); synonyms (adj) flashy,
garish, gaudy, brassy, forte, high, brazen, jazzy,
colorful, flash, meretricious, ostentatious, piercing,
showy, (adv) aloud; antonyms (adj) soft, gentle,
tasteful, low, subdued, subtle.
grltsz quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) still,
lull, pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v)
appease, moderate, assuage, allay, (n) calm, hush,
compose, ease; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy,
talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise.
gurur pride; synonyms (n) arrogance, boast, conceit,
haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity,
assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur, triumph,
presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms (n)
humility, modesty.
gururlu 1. proud; synonyms (adj) arrogant, dignified,
disdainful, haughty, lofty, exalted, conceited,
egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic, overbearing,
pompous, imperious, elated; antonyms (adj)
humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, 2.
arrogant (kibirli); synonyms (adj) presumptuous,
proud, dogmatic, boastful, condescending,
domineering, insolent, supercilious, vain, cavalier,
chesty, cocky, contemptuous, high, masterful;
antonym (adj) self-effacing.
gtmek shepherd; synonyms (n) pastor, clergyman,
minister, sheepherder, sheepman, priest, presbyter,
200
Turkish - English
churchman, divine, ecclesiastic, (v) conduct, guide,

lead, guard, cowherd.
gven 1. faith; synonyms (n) confidence, belief,
conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed,
cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation, fidelity,
hope, piety; antonym (n) unbelief, 2. reliance
(itimat); synonyms (n) faith, dependency,
presumption, 3. dependence (bamllk);
synonyms (n) reliance, addiction, dependance,
habit, (adj) contingency; antonyms (n)
independence, self-government, self-sufficiency, 4.
confidence; synonyms (n) certainty, certitude,
intimacy, nerve, security, sureness, authority,
affiance, boldness, face, cheek, firmness,
impudence, poise, secrecy; antonyms (n) insecurity,
uncertainty, doubt, nervousness, anxiety,
diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity, 5. trust;
synonyms (n) charge, rely, cartel, responsibility,
care, office, combine, tick, commission, (v) believe,
confide, commend, entrust, expect, duty; antonyms
(v) disbelieve, mistrust.
gvence 1. assurance; synonyms (n) confidence,
belief, guarantee, pledge, affiance, certitude,
conviction, faith, nerve, poise, promise, reliance,
security, sureness, trust; antonym (n) insecurity, 2.
security (gvenlik); synonyms (n) protection,
safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, guard,
secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover,
defense, deposit, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 3.
guarantee (garanti); synonyms (n) assure,
guaranty, warranty, warrant, undertaking, (v)
certify, engage, endorse, ensure, secure, sponsor,
undertake, contract, insure, stipulate.
gvenilir 1. authentic; synonyms (adj) actual,
genuine, accurate, real, right, straight, believable,
true, trustworthy, valid, unfeigned,
unsophisticated, credible, factual, (v) authoritative;
antonyms (adj) bogus, fake, unrealistic, 2. solid
(kat); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact,
consistent, hard, strong, good, fixed, massive,
secure, substantial, fast, hearty, heavy, (v) close;
antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous,
permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid,
3. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, reliable, safe,
indisputable, dependable, assured, confident,
definite, infallible, positive, bound, absolute, (adv)
certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonyms (adj)
doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, 4. reliable;
synonyms (adj) honest, authentic, faithful, trusty,
solid, sound, stable, steadfast, truthful, reputable,
careful, devoted, loyal, responsible, stalwart;
antonyms (adj) fallacious, inconsistent, 5. honest
(drst); synonyms (adj) fair, equitable, sincere,
artless, candid, clean, decent, forthright, frank,
guileless, heartfelt, just, righteous, straightforward,
upright; antonyms (adj) dishonest, corrupt,
guarded, lying, misleading, disloyal,
unwholesome, 6. confidential (gizli); synonyms

(adj) classified, private, secret, clandestine, intimate,
privileged, thick, inner, closet, bosom, familiar,

hidden, inward, personal, privy; antonym (adj)
public, 7. certain; synonyms (adj) sure, categorical,
decisive, inevitable, particular, perfect, special,
specific, unavoidable, undeniable, unequivocal,
unquestionable, plain, satisfied, explicit; antonym
(adj) questionable, 8. good (iyi); synonyms (adj)
able, benefit, delicious, efficient, capable, excellent,
fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, agreeable,
(n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj)
disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad,
9. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, audio, (v)
ring, chime, blow, chirp, (adj) reasonable, complete,
healthy, fit, rational, sane, sensible, robust;
confused, 10. straight (dz); synonyms (adv)
level, directly, frankly, due, immediately, (adj) erect,
even, flat, correct, perpendicular, proper,
immediate, consecutive, neat, (v) direct; antonyms
(adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding,
zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted,
twisting, wavy, circuitous, lopsided, 11. tried;
synonyms (adj) tested, proved, experienced, baffled,
beaten, conquered, exhausted, practiced, qualified,
constant, staunch, certified, demonstrated, trueblue, used.
gvenilirlik reliability; synonyms (n) dependability,
dependableness, fidelity, loyalty, responsibility,
credibility, faithfulness, reliableness, steadiness,
trustworthiness, (adj) infallibility; antonyms (n)
unreliability, dishonesty, fallibility, lateness.
gvenli secure; synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve,
fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, (adj) safe,
firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v)
lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose,
unsafe.
gvenlik 1. security; synonyms (n) pledge,
protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral,
guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail,
cover, defense, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 2.
safety; synonyms (n) refuge, security, bingle, safe,
asylum, sanctuary, preservation, safeness, shelter,
condom, prophylactic, rubber; antonym (n) hazard.
gvenmek 1. believe (inanmak); synonyms (v)
think, accredit, assume, conceive, consider, guess,
reckon, understand, accept, expect, hope, imagine,
suppose, (n) belief, trust; antonyms (v) disbelieve,
distrust, 2. depend; synonyms (v) dangle, hang,
count, rely, calculate, confide, stay, suspend,
attend, 3. trust; synonyms (n) charge, confidence,
credit, faith, reliance, assurance, cartel,
responsibility, dependence, care, office, combine,
(v) believe, commend, entrust; antonyms (v) doubt,
mistrust.
Turkish - English
gvenmemek doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief,
misgiving, question, dispute, apprehension,
incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, (v)
distrust, query, suspicion, mistrust, suspect,
demur; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence,
conclusiveness, (v) trust.
gvensizlik 1. disbelief; synonyms (n) unbelief,
discredit, distrust, doubt, incredulity, agnosticism,
atheism, misgiving, mistrust, skepticism, suspicion,
uncertainty, wonder, heresy; antonyms (n) belief,
trust, 2. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, question,
dispute, apprehension, incertitude, diffidence,
doubtfulness, dubiety, fear, hesitation, (v) query,
suspect, demur, disbelieve, hesitate; antonyms (n)
certainty, confidence, conclusiveness.
gverte deck (deste); synonyms (v) adorn, beautify,
clothe, embellish, floor, array, bedeck, ornament,
attire, bedight, decorate, dress, garnish, grace, trim.
gz 1. autumn (sonbahar); synonyms (n) fall,
declivity, descent, downfall, harvest, cadence,
capitulation, cascade, cataract, death, declension,
decline, degradation, depreciation, destruction, 2.
fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) dip,
decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle,
sink, alight, come, crash, (n) drop, plunge, pitch,
collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb,
triumph, win, (n) ascent.
gzel 1. beautiful; synonyms (adj) attractive, goodlooking, bright, beauteous, fine, handsome, lovely,
picturesque, pleasant, pretty, striking, sweet,
adorned, ornate, dainty; antonyms (adj) ugly,
unattractive, 2. fine (ince, iyi); synonyms (adj)
delicate, agreeable, brave, capital, elegant,
excellent, nice, thin, delightful, acute, admirable,
alright, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish;
antonyms (adj) poor, thick, coarse, substantial,
unsatisfactory, wide, 3. lovely; synonyms (adj)
beautiful, charming, enchanting, lovable, alluring,
adorable, endearing, exquisite, fair, gorgeous,
graceful, gracious, cute, appealing, delectable;
antonyms (adj) hideous, terrible, unpleasant, 4. fair
(sarn); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, average,
dispassionate, impartial, reasonable, candid,
comely, considerable, decent, disinterested, (adv)
clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival; antonyms (adj)
unwarranted, 5. handsome (yakkl);
synonyms (adj) generous, bountiful, bonny, big,
bounteous, liberal, prepossessing, free, tidy,
appropriate, becoming, cheerful, magnanimous,
proper, bighearted, 6. pretty; synonyms (adv) very,
fairly, jolly, quite, rather, somewhat, moderately,
slightly, (adj) neat, pleasing, smart, noble, just, 7.
good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious,
right, efficient, capable, superior, well,
advantageous, desirable, gentle, beneficent, (n)
201
benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj)

disobedient, wicked, (n) evil, bad, 8. nice;
synonyms (adj) fastidious, good, kind, likable,
correct, difficult, enjoyable, exact, particular,
precise, minute, suitable, discriminating, curious,
accurate; antonym (adj) horrible, 9. pleasant
(ho); synonyms (adj) acceptable, amiable, kindly,
facetious, affable, comfortable, congenial, genial,
joyful, joyous, mirthful, mild, jocular, suave,
amusing; antonyms (adj) disagreeable, disgusting,
gruesome, harsh, nasty, repugnant, shocking,
unwelcome, appalling, discordant, frosty, grisly,
rough, 10. sweet (tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved,
fresh, mellow, dear, melodious, musical, sugary,
fragrant, honeyed, luscious, odorous, savory,
aromatic, (n) confection, confectionery; antonyms
(adj) sour, acid, bitter, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty,
11. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly,
considerably, fully, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft,
sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v)
gzellik 1. beauty; synonyms (n) splendor,
attractiveness, beaut, charm, loveliness,
pulchritude, dish, elegance, grace, grandeur,
looker, magnificence, peach, stunner; antonym (n)
ugliness, 2. fairness; synonyms (n) candor, equity,
beauty, candour, honesty, justice, equality,
reasonableness, frankness, impartiality, justness,
neutrality, veracity, beauteousness, (adj) comeliness;
antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness, prejudice.
gzergh route (rota, yol); synonyms (n) course,
path, road, direction, passage, avenue, channel,
circuit, highway, itinerary, line, track, way, lane, (v)
direct.
H
haber 1. information (bilgi, enformasyon);
material, warning, 2. message (ileti, mesaj);
synonyms (n) meaning, information, errand, letter,
mission, dispatch, lesson, significance, statement,
word, direction, memorandum, epistle, import,
aviso, 3. communication (iletiim); synonyms
(n) announcement, commerce, communicating,
contact, conversation, discourse, intercourse,
message, news, notice, expression, language, mail,
touch, discussion, 4. news (haberler); synonyms
(n) story, gossip, bulletin, rumor, (adj) new, 5.
report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, name,
fame, narration, narrative, notification, recital,
record, (v) account, describe, communicate, recount,
relate, notify, advise; antonym (n) fact, 6. word
202
Turkish - English
(kelime, sz, szck); synonyms (n) promise,

parole, password, term, vocable, undertaking,
assurance, command, countersign, order, (v)
formulate, phrase, put, sentence, couch.
haberdar 1. informed; synonyms (adj) aware,
cognizant, educated, conscious, knowledgeable,
familiar, apprised, wise, conversant, experienced,
(adv) abreast; antonym (adj) ignorant, 2. aware;
synonyms (adj) awake, attentive, heedful, mindful,
vigilant, sentient, alert, enlightened, knowing,
observant, sensible, wary, watchful, appreciative,
perceptive; antonyms (adj) unaware, unconscious.
haberler news; synonyms (n) advice, information,
intelligence, message, tidings, story,
communication, gossip, notice, report, bulletin,
dispatch, rumor, word, (adj) new.
haberleme communication (iletiim); synonyms
(n) announcement, commerce, communicating,
contact, conversation, discourse, epistle,
intercourse, letter, message, news, notice, report,
tidings, word.
habersiz unaware; synonyms (adj) ignorant,
incognizant, unwitting, unconscious, unknowing,
blind, oblivious; antonyms (adj) aware, cognizant.
ha cross; synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v)
good-tempered.
hacim 1. volume (cilt, oylum); synonyms (n) bulk,
size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension,
journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness, 2.
bulk (yn); synonyms (n) majority, volume,
body, extent, thickness, scale, aggregate,
immensity, bigness, dimensions, freight, (v) bulge,
pouch, protrude, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority,
3. size (boyut, byklk); synonyms (n)
measure, largeness, glue, breadth, degree,
measurement, sizing, proportion, content, compass,
enormity, fatness, format, (v) gauge, (adj) gum;
antonyms (n) length, slenderness.
haciz 1. attachment; synonyms (n) affection,
appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, regard,
appendage, association, bond, connection,
devotion, fitting, fondness, liking, link; antonym (n)
detachment, 2. distress (ac); synonyms (n) agony,
anguish, pain, trouble, anxiety, calamity, difficulty,
grief, hurt, torture, (v) afflict, torment, concern,
bother, upset; antonyms (v) comfort, please.
had 1. limit (snr); synonyms (n) bound, boundary,
edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine,
curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain,
curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension,
minimum, (v) broaden, extend, 2. measure
(lmek, l, nlem); synonyms (n) amount,
criterion, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate,
measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment,

action, (v) grade, appraise, assess.
hadise 1. event (olay); synonyms (n) affair, case,
consequence, effect, occurrence, circumstance,
contingency, fact, happening, incident, issue, result,
aftermath, time, chance, 2. incident (olay);
synonyms (n) event, adventure, episode,
experience, instance, occasion, anecdote,
development, incidence, matter, phenomenon, (adj)
attendant, concomitant, accessory, incidental, 3.
happening; synonyms (n) accident, eventuality,
fortuity, thing, business, fate, 4. affair (i,
mesele); synonyms (n) concern, job, amour, duty,
party, subject, theme, topic, transaction, meeting,
affaire, function, liaison, occupation, (v) collision, 5.
phenomenon (fenomen); synonyms (n)
appearance, marvel, miracle, prodigy, wonder,
apparition, sight, manifestation, vision, object,
oddity, sensation, spectacle.
hafif 1. light (ak, k); synonyms (adj) fair, clear,
facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness,
daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite,
dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n)
dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish,
darken, (alt sp) heavy, 2. mild; synonyms (adj)
kindly, gracious, benign, lenient, docile, humble,
balmy, calm, clement, delicate, kind, meek, sweet,
affable, (n) gentle; antonyms (adj) intense, extreme,
pungent, severe, sharp, spicy, barbed, fierce, great,
hot, incisive, passionate, powerful, scathing,
wintry, 3. slight; synonyms (adj) slender, thin,
fragile, feeble, fine, lean, (n) scorn, disdain, (v)
disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut, (adv)
light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat,
obvious, thickset, wide, 4. distant (uzak);
synonyms (adj) cold, aloof, remote, chill, cool,
detached, far, reserved, long, faraway, icy,
indifferent, removed, (adv) apart, (n) chilly;
antonyms (adj) close, adjacent, friendly, near,
nearby, neighboring, warm, pending, alert,
intimate, involved, 5. lightly; synonyms (adv)
gently, airily, softly, flippantly, easily, quietly,
readily, slightly, delicately, thinly; antonyms (adv)
heavily, seriously, thickly, 6. soft; synonyms (adj)
limp, quiet, slack, loose, flabby, flaccid, frail, mild,
pliant, smooth, pleasant, temperate, amiable, bland,
(v) low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud,
hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong.
hafife 1. lightly; synonyms (adv) gently, light, airily,
softly, flippantly, easily, quietly, readily, slightly,
delicately, thinly; antonyms (adv) heavily, seriously,
thickly, 2. slightly; synonyms (adv) rather, little,
somewhat, lightly, slight, fairly, moderately,
slenderly, faintly, small, hardly, barely, slimly,
scarcely; antonyms (adv) very, excessively,
infinitely, significantly, terribly, tremendously,
considerably, much, particularly, solidly.
Turkish - English
hafiflemek moderate (lml); synonyms (adj)
temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v)
calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease,
cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme,
immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify.
hafifletmek 1. moderate (lml); synonyms (adj)
immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 2.
modify (deitirmek); synonyms (v) alter,
qualify, adapt, change, limit, adjust, amend,
assuage, convert, moderate, restrict, vary,
commute, fit, revise.
hafifmerep loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal,
dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached,
immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release,
detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close,
compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged.
hafiye detective; synonyms (n) investigator, scout,
tec, officer, spy, policeman, snoop, runner,
watchman, analyst, beagle, bull, (v) informer,
delator, eavesdropper.
hafza memory (an, bellek, hatra); synonyms (n)
hafta week; synonyms (n) hebdomad, day, hour,
minute, second, year, sennight, sevennight, time,
workweek.
haftalk weekly; synonyms (adv) hebdomadally, (n)
magazine, journal, newspaper, periodical, (v)
quotidian, tertian.
hain 1. rat (san); synonyms (n) grass, informer,
defect, inform, 2. wicked; synonyms (adj)
atrocious, bad, evil, sinful, vicious, depraved,
immoral, mischievous, unholy, vile, corrupt,
criminal, diabolical, foul, hellish; antonyms (adj)
good, innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure.
hak 1. franchise (imtiyaz); synonyms (n) exemption,
liberty, freedom, immunity, privilege, suffrage,
vote, charter, absolution, dispensation, patent,
permit, license, release, dealership, 2. claim
(talep); synonyms (n) call, charge, allegation, right,
title, (v) demand, ask, assert, exact, arrogate,
contend, need, require, requisition, want;
antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 3. right
(doru, sa); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate,
due, just, proper, decent, good, even, perfect,
accurate, fair, faithful, fit, reasonable, (n) law;
incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong, 4. justice (adalet);
synonyms (n) equity, fairness, impartiality,
integrity, judge, judicature, jurist, justness,
203
morality, correctness, court, reasonableness,

uprightness, (adj) honesty, principle; antonyms (n)
injustice, unfairness, 5. due; synonyms (adj)
equitable, lawful, owed, payable, unpaid,
unsettled, legal, fitting, (adv) directly, (v) owing, (n)
debt, duty, tax, desert, claim; antonyms (adj) paid,
undue, 6. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n)
advantage, gain, assistance, favor, interest, reward,
help, advance; antonyms (n) disadvantage,
drawback, loss, (v) harm, 7. title; synonyms (n)
designation, caption, designate, appellation,
denomination, epithet, championship, heading,
pretension, rubric, (v) name, style, term, entitle, (adj)
ownership.
hakaret 1. outrage; synonyms (n) affront, atrocity,
indignity, anger, enormity, injury, contumely,
force, (v) insult, dishonor, offend, violate, desecrate,
horrify, (adj) abuse, 2. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy,
slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, feeble, fine, (n)
scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, neglect, ignore, cut,
(adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat,
heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide.
hakem 1. referee; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator,
mediator, umpire, adjudicator, ref, moderator,
intermediary, referendary, (v) judge, arbitrate,
mediate, adjudicate, intercede, 2. judge; synonyms
(n) referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think,
believe, condemn, assess, calculate, decide, guess,
examine, conceive, adjudge, conclude.
hakikat 1. truth (doruluk); synonyms (n)
exactness, reality, actuality, sincerity, correctness,
fact, fidelity, verity, genuineness, accuracy,
certainty, faithfulness, honesty, precision,
authenticity; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty,
fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 2. fact (gerek,
olay, olgu); synonyms (n) event, incident, detail,
deed, particular, truth, circumstance, experience,
occurrence, point, thing, contingency, affair, case,
(v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork, rumor, conjecture,
fallacy, report, 3. reality; synonyms (n) existence,
realism, being, realness, entity, loyalty, positive,
substance, trueness, veracity, effect, performance,
(v) efficiency; antonyms (n) fantasy, delusion,
dream, imagination, vision.
hakikaten 1. indeed (gerekten); synonyms (adv)
possibly, 2. really (gerekten); synonyms (adv)
honestly, genuinely, real, very, simply,
authentically, practically, essentially, extremely,
highly, quite, right, just, (adj) indeed, sincerely, 3.
truly; synonyms (adv) legitimately, correctly,
loyally, truthfully, awfully, completely, fully,
rightfully; antonym (adv) falsely.
204
Turkish - English
hakiki 1. real (gerek); synonyms (adj) genuine,
haksz 1. unfair; synonyms (adj) partial, dishonest,
material, physical, true, concrete, literal, natural,

positive, pure, native, right, good, absolute, (n)
authentic, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal,
deceptive, false, fantasy, imitation, insubstantial,
mock, nominal, (v) pretend, 2. true (doru,
gerek); synonyms (adj) real, faithful, even,
accurate, correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful,
direct, sincere, factual, loyal, precise, (v) square;
antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue, 3. authentic;
synonyms (adj) believable, trustworthy, valid,
unfeigned, unsophisticated, credible, original,
reliable, veritable, convincing, realistic,
unquestionable, (v) authoritative; antonym (adj)
unrealistic, 4. actual (gerek); synonyms (adj)
existent, indisputable, tangible, very, effective,
existing, extant, immediate, present, substantial,
bodily; antonyms (adj) hypothetical, supposed, 5.
genuine; synonyms (adj) candid, artless, hearty,
unaffected, certain, earnest, intrinsic, legitimate,
solid, clean, chaste, devout, authenticated,
essential, fair; antonyms (adj) insincere, affected,
dishonest, hypocritical, replica.
hakim judge; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator, referee,
(v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think, believe,
condemn, assess, adjudicate, calculate, decide,
guess, umpire.
hakimiyet sovereignty; synonyms (n) kingdom,
reign, empire, autonomy, dominion, independence,
supremacy, sceptre, ascendancy.
hakknda about (hemen hemen); synonyms (prep)
encircling, for, encompassing, circa, concerning,
(adv) around, approximately, almost, nearly, most,
roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms
(prep) exactly, precisely.
hakkyla duly; synonyms (adv) justly, correctly,
punctually, rightfully, accordingly, fairly,
equitably, lawfully, legally, orderly, befittingly,
decorously, methodically, strictly, technically;
antonym (adv) unduly.
unjust, foul, inequitable, deceitful, dishonorable,

fraudulent, undeserved, wrongful, underhand,
unsporting, mean, crooked, dirty; antonyms (adj)
fair, just, reasonable, balanced, rightful, 2. wrong;
synonyms (adj) harm, evil, false, ill, improper, bad,
inappropriate, incorrect, abuse, criminal, (n)
damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime; antonyms
(adj) correct, good, proper, honest, law-abiding, (adv)
correctly, (v) right, (n) justice.
hakszlk injustice (adaletsizlik); synonyms (n)
inequity, iniquity, evil, unfairness, wrong, bigotry,
crime, grievance, inequality, oppression, prejudice,
hal 1. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n)
(v) deny, (adj) private, 2. status (durum);
synonyms (n) rank, situation, caste, condition,
order, circumstance, dignity, footing, grade,
importance, posture, estate, post, character, (adj)
standing, 3. condition; synonyms (n) provision,
status, attitude, circumstances, clause, predicament,
state, term, complaint, affection, ailment,
assumption, case, (v) aspect, provide, 4. aspect;
synonyms (n) appearance, look, surface, bearing,
expression, manner, prospect, side, view, air, angle,
face, facet, feature, quality, 5. occasion; synonyms
(n) event, chance, episode, happening, incident,
juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create,
beget, breed, induce, make, raise, 6. situation;
synonyms (n) employment, job, matter, location,
office, point, seat, site, berth, environment, spot,
function, placement, disposition, form.
hala 1. aunt (teyze, yenge); synonyms (n) auntie,
aunty, uncle, nephew, niece, 2. still; synonyms
(adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify,
peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush,
(v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj)
moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy.
halat rope (ip); synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat,
noose, cord, hawser, leash, line, string, tape, lace,
tether, thread, (v) tie, bind.
halbuki whereas; synonyms (conj) though, while,
whenas, where, (adv) although, when, then, (prep)
because.
hale glory (an); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity,
boast.
halef successor; synonyms (n) heir, substitute,
beneficiary, inheritor, offspring, replacement, scion,
sequel; antonyms (n) forerunner, ancestor,
precursor, predecessor.
Hakknda about (hakknda, hemen hemen);

synonyms (prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa,
hakl 1. right (doru, sa); synonyms (adj) correct,
appropriate, due, just, proper, decent, good, even,
perfect, accurate, exact, fair, faithful, fit, (n)
privilege; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified,
immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong, 2. just;
synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply,
exclusively, (adj) right, equitable, honest, impartial,
barely, reasonable, righteous, upright, definite,
clean; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased.
Turkish - English
halen currently; synonyms (adv) presently,
commonly, now, recently, today, lately, popularly,
shortly, soon.
hal 1. carpet; synonyms (n) blanket, rug, carpeting,
runner, floor, flooring, (v) cover, drape, encase,
rebuke, attack, criticize, jaw, obscure, row, 2. rug
(kilim); synonyms (n) carpet, mat, coverlet,
counterpane, quilt, sheet, tarpaulin, bathmat,
doormat, (v) plunder, spoil, tear.
hali mouth (az); synonyms (n) jaw, lip, aperture,
lips, edge, entrance, brim, (v) grimace, articulate,
pronounce, speak, utter, vocalize, blab, deliver.
halis 1. pure (ar, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute,
diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked, 2. sheer;
synonyms (adj) pure, bold, diaphanous, filmy,
gauzy, gossamer, simple, steep, transparent,
regular, perpendicular, flimsy, (n) complete,
perfect, entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick, 3. true
(doru, gerek); synonyms (adj) real, actual,
faithful, right, even, accurate, authentic, correct,
exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, sincere, (v)
square; antonyms (adj) false, bogus, inaccurate,
untrue.
halk 1. people; synonyms (n) nation, community,
family, folk, multitude, populace, clan, mob, flock,
citizenry, crowd, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell,
2. public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj)
mutual, popular, ordinary, civil, (n) people,
audience, (v) open, plebeian, government;
antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal, 3.
folk; synonyms (n) kin, kindred, kinsfolk, man,
persons, race, tribe, house.
halka 1. ring (yzk); synonyms (n) encircle, band,
gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle,
call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird, 2. circle
(daire); synonyms (n) round, association, compass,
ring, field, range, beat, company, scope, set, league,
area, (v) turn, whirl, circulate.
halletme 1. settlement; synonyms (n) decision,
colonization, establishment, liquidation, 2.
solution (zelti, zm, eriyik); synonyms (n)
dissolution, answer, settlement, resolve,
explanation, key, result, remedy, definition,
resolving, clarification, liquid, reply, cure, outcome.
halletmek 1. solve; synonyms (v) resolve, interpret,
answer, decipher, dissolve, crack, elucidate,
explain, riddle, decide, loosen, figure, guess,
conclude, (adj) loose, 2. resolve (zmek);
synonyms (v) determine, solve, decompose, settle,
205
end, melt, do, (n) purpose, determination, decision,

firmness, resolution, analyze, resoluteness, will;
antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, 3. settle;
synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay,
regulate, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, drop, fall,
reconcile, (n) locate, (adj) confirm.
halsizlik weakness; synonyms (n) debility, defect,
failing, fault, deficiency, feebleness, fragility,
imperfection, flaw, frailty, inadequacy, blemish,
predilection, (adj) infirmity, foible; antonyms (n)
strength, power, dislike, advantage, brightness,
determination, intensity, supremacy.
ham 1. raw; synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, immature,
bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing, sore, cold,
biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked;
antonyms (adj) refined, cooked, 2. crude (kaba);
synonyms (adj) clumsy, raw, rough, rude,
barbarous, primitive, uncouth, vulgar, barbarian,
abrupt, churlish, earthy, gross, impolite, indecent;
antonym (adj) sophisticated, 3. green (yeil);
synonyms (adj) callow, emerald, jealous, young,
youthful, envious, grassy, gullible, juvenile, naive,
sick, simple, unripe, verdant, (n) lawn; antonym
(adj) experienced, 4. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj)
hard, harsh, cruel, grating, hoarse, jagged,
approximate, gruff, indelicate, rocky, uneven,
robust, abrasive, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms
(adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, silky, soft,
hamal porter; synonyms (n) carrier, doorkeeper,
gatekeeper, janitor, caretaker, doorman, ostiary,
concierge, redcap.
hamil holder; synonyms (n) bearer, case, possessor,
stand, container, proprietor, rack, tenant, handle,
carrier, bracket, occupant, owner, support, vessel.
hamile pregnant (gebe); synonyms (adj) pithy,
significant, fraught, enceinte, expectant, gravid,
heavy, big, meaning, teeming, important, (v) telling,
emphatic.
hamilelik pregnancy (gebelik); synonyms (n)
gravidity, gestation, fertility, behavior,
childbearing, departure, doings, fetation, going,
pregnance, uterogestation, traveling, (adj)
procreation, propagation, pullulation.
hamle 1. blow (flemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat,
calm, save, 2. move (hareket, tanmak);
motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 3. onset;
synonyms (n) incursion, charge, aggression, assault,
beginning, inroad, onslaught, birth,
commencement, dawn, onrush, outbreak, invasion,
offensive, (v) attack, 4. rush; synonyms (n) hurry,
flood, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten,
stream, quicken, jet, accelerate, (adj) burst, spurt.
206
Turkish - English
hammadde stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n)
detain, immure, arrest, 2. cage (kafes); synonyms
breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent,

family, hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth, (adj)
regular, (v) handle, supply.
han 1. inn; synonyms (n) hostel, hotel, hostelry, lodge,
bar, house, lodging, pub, saloon, tavern, 2. khan;
synonyms (n) caravanserai, caravansary, caliph,
czar, imaum, kaiser, king, mogul, padishah, shah,
sultan, tsar, cazique, chief, governor.
hanc host; synonyms (n) crowd, army, flock, horde,
mob, legion, troop, emcee, mass, multitude, swarm,
throng, heap, array, battalion.
hangar shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult,
scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit,
fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth.
hanm 1. wife (e, kar); synonyms (n) matron,
missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady,
woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart,
bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband,
2. lady (bayan); synonyms (n) dame,
gentlewoman, female, ma'am, wife, noble, (v)
squaw; antonym (n) man.
hanmefendi lady (bayan); synonyms (n) dame,
gentlewoman, female, ma'am, matron, wife,
woman, noble, (v) squaw; antonym (n) man.
hantal 1. gross (brt, kaba); synonyms (adj) crass,
coarse, big, boorish, common, crude, fat, blunt,
disgusting, broad, brutal, bulky, earthy, (v) foul, (n)
aggregate; antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net, 2.
awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy, inconvenient,
embarrassing, inept, sticky, uncomfortable,
ungainly, untoward, left-handed, annoying,
bungling, cumbersome, difficult, graceless, heavy;
antonyms (adj) graceful, easy, adroit, manageable,
straightforward, convenient, dexterous, helpful,
rotund, simple.
hapishane 1. jail; synonyms (n) cage, prison, cell,
clink, jug, calaboose, custody, jailhouse, (v) gaol,
imprison, incarcerate, confine, detain, immure,
arrest, 2. prison (cezaevi); synonyms (n) jail,
confinement, lockup, penitentiary, 3. can;
synonyms (v) tin, dismiss, fire, might, pickle, pot,
sack, (n) bathroom, behind, buttocks, container,
lavatory, posterior, rump, jar; antonym (v) hire, 4.
institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment,
institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy,
custom, foundation, initiation, organization,
tradition, induction, practice, college, 5. cage
(kafes); synonyms (n) pen, hutch, corral, crate,
frame, enclosure, (v) enclose; antonym (v) free.
hapsetme imprisonment; synonyms (n) captivity,
custody, confinement, incarceration, durance,
arrest, detention, immurement, internment, duress,
(adj) bondage; antonyms (n) freedom, release.
hapsetmek 1. jail (hapishane); synonyms (n) cage,
prison, cell, clink, jug, calaboose, custody,
jailhouse, (v) gaol, imprison, incarcerate, confine,
(n) jail, pen, hutch, corral, crate, frame, enclosure, (v)
enclose; antonym (v) free.

hara tribute; synonyms (n) commendation, praise,
tax, contribution, honor, testimonial, duty, homage,
eulogy, respect, compliment, appreciation,
approval, (v) subsidy, allowance; antonym (n)
criticism.
harap waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage,
trash, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume,
exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction,
devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save.
hararet 1. heat (s); synonyms (n) glow, fervor,
summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v)
bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement,
passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 2.
warmth; synonyms (n) heat, temperature,
geniality, warmness, affection, tenderness,
fondness, friendliness, hotness, sympathy,
cordiality, enthusiasm, feeling, zeal, (adj) verve;
antonyms (n) aloofness, chilliness, coldness,
coolness, unfriendliness.
hararetli warm (lk, stmak, scak); synonyms
(adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial,
fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring,
enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj)
aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool,
chill.
harcama 1. expenditure; synonyms (n) charge, cost,
savings, 2. expense; synonyms (n) expenditure,
amount, detriment, fee, toll, disbursal.
harcamak spend; synonyms (v) consume, exhaust,
expend, squander, blow, deplete, pass, wear, lead,
invest, dissipate, draw, drop, employ, (adj) waste;
antonyms (v) save, conserve.
harcanm spent; synonyms (v) dull, evanid, (adj)
exhausted, prostrate, expended, fatigued, finished,
gone, dead, effete, jaded, tired, drained, weary,
worn; antonym (adj) remaining.
hareket 1. movement; synonyms (n) motion, move,
action, activity, campaign, crusade, advancement,
cause, drive, passage, drift, flow, inclination, effort,
evolution, 2. action (etki, eylem, i); synonyms
(n) act, accomplishment, agency, battle, deed, effect,
engagement, fight, movement, performance, play,
behavior, case, (v) achievement, combat; antonyms
(n) inaction, inactivity, 3. motion (devinim);
synonyms (n) gesture, wave, exercise, gesticulation,
application, question, resolution, swing, progress,
advance, motility, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate,
signal, 4. move (tanmak); synonyms (v) affect,
travel, bear, disturb, actuate, agitate, arouse, (n)
transfer; antonym (v) stay, 5. act (davranmak,
Turkish - English
rol yapmak); synonyms (n) statute, decree, do,
feat, law, (v) behave, perform, acquit, enact, feign,
operate, pretend, work, commit, conduct; antonym
(v) refrain, 6. play (oynamak); synonyms (v)
pastime, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, wager, (n) frolic,
game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol, romp, jest,
amusement, 7. stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms
(n) beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang,
impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, pat, (adj)
blow, 8. conduct; synonyms (n) administration,
manage, demeanor, lead, behaviour, (v) bring,
direct, administer, carriage, bearing, comport,
show, accompany, channel, command, 9.
departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart,
deviation, divergence, parting, aberration,
10. deed (i); synonyms (n) exploit, covenant,
document, doing, fact, title, certificate, job,
measure, paper, proceeding, reality, thing,
ownership, 11. step (adm, basamak); synonyms
(n) degree, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank,
footprint, footstep, stride, phase, procedure,
process, (v) pace, tread, 12. start (balamak,
balang, balatmak); synonyms (v) begin,
originate, commence, launch, embark, spring,
activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock,
beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v)
end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 13.
transaction; synonyms (n) deal, business, dealing,
dealings, trade, concern, matter, affair, bargain,
contract, negotiation, exchange, affairs, traffic,
agreement; antonym (n) purchase.
hareketli 1. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) energetic,
alert, busy, diligent, effective, live, lively, nimble,
strong, agile, alive, brisk, dynamic, forcible,
healthy; antonyms (adj) dormant, inactive, sluggish,
idle, latent, lethargic, sedentary, slow, extinct,
passive, quiet, 2. brisk; synonyms (adj) active,
bracing, bright, quick, acute, smart, sprightly,
adroit, animated, crisp, fast, fresh, hasty,
invigorating, pert; antonym (adj) soporific, 3.
moving (dokunakl); synonyms (adj) affecting,
emotional, exciting, impressive, mobile, pitiful,
poignant, touching, inspiring, movable, imposing,
(n) movement, transport, advance, transfer;
antonyms (adj) motionless, still, depressing,
stationary, unemotional, 4. busy (megul);
synonyms (adj) assiduous, engaged, occupied,
crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious,
earnest, employed, eventful, full, (v) occupy,
employ, engage, engross; antonym (adj) free, 5.
swinging; synonyms (adj) swaying, excessive,
exorbitant, extravagant, hanging, inordinate,
lilting, outrageous, pendulous, preposterous, (n)
swing.
207
hareketsiz 1. still; synonyms (adv) however, but,

fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 2. quiet (sakin, sessiz);
synonyms (adj) still, cool, gentle, motionless, placid,
tranquil, tranquilize, collected, (v) appease,
moderate, allay, easy, repose, (n) ease, peace;
antonyms (adj) loud, talkative, vociferous, active, (n)
noise.
hareketsizlik rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n)
lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work.
harf letter (mektup); synonyms (n) epistle, mail,
character, communication, dispatch, memorandum,
message, note, type, inscription, learning, memo,
missive, ticket, (v) print.
hari 1. bar (bar, ubuk); synonyms (n) barricade,
exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose;
antonyms (v) permit, allow, 2. except; synonyms
(conj) but, unless, (prep) save, excepting, excluding,
(v) demur, omit, exempt, object, reserve, saving, (n)
bar, without, (adv) besides; antonym (v) include, 3.
save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v)
deliver, economize, rescue, conserve, free, hoard,
keep, maintain, preserve, liberate, protect, redeem,
retain, defend, (prep) except; antonyms (v) spend,
squander, waste.
harici 1. external; synonyms (adj) exterior, outside,
extraneous, extrinsic, outward, foreign, outlying,
peripheral, superficial, formal, exotic, objective,
outdoor, outer, surface; antonyms (adj) inner,
interior, internal, domestic, inmost, inside, 2.
outer; synonyms (adj) external, utter; antonym (adj)
middle.
harika 1. wonderful; synonyms (adj) extraordinary,
marvelous, astonishing, excellent, remarkable,
phenomenal, amazing, fantastic, grand, great,
miraculous, strange, super, terrific, (n) incredible;
antonyms (adj) awful, terrible, unpleasant, dreadful,
2. fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre, antic,
extravagant, grotesque, wonderful, capricious,
chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, illusory,
imaginary, odd, romantic, (n) fanciful, (v) fancy;
antonyms (adj) ordinary, real, 3. wonder (hayret);
synonyms (v) admire, query, question, reflect,
speculate, (n) marvel, prodigy, admiration,
amazement, astonishment, miracle, surprise, muse,
phenomenon, wonderment, 4. gorgeous;
synonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, gaudy,
luxurious, rich, glorious, gay, costly, delicious,
delightful, fine, handsome, lovely, magnificent,
opulent; antonym (adj) ugly, 5. miracle; synonyms
(n) wonder, wonderwork, event, sensation, 6.
fabulous; synonyms (adj) mythical, fabled,
208
Turkish - English
legendary, fab, mythological, spectacular, unreal,

brilliant, fictitious, mythic, sensational, splendid,
superb, tremendous, unspeakable.
harita map; synonyms (n) design, graph, plat,
diagram, mapping, picture, correspondence, (v)
chart, plan, plot, project.
harman harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, fruit,
glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap.
has 1. appropriate (ayrmak, kendine mal

etmek, uygun); synonyms (adj) pertinent, proper,
true, agreeable, apposite, apt, congruous, correct,
particular, peculiar, right, (v) annex, allocate, adopt,
seize; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable,
unrelated, untimely, wrong, (v) surrender, 2.
special (zel); synonyms (adj) especial, individual,
limited, rare, different, distinguished, distinct,
express, certain, distinctive, exceptional, extra,
extraordinary, private, (adv) apart; antonym (adj)
ordinary.
hasar 1. injury; synonyms (n) disadvantage,
disservice, harm, grievance, damage, detriment,
hurt, impairment, wound, ill, bruise, affront,
contusion, evil, (v) abuse; antonyms (n) ability,
reparation, 2. harm; synonyms (n) injury, wrong,
disaster, loss, mischief, misfortune, (v) blemish,
injure, maim, poison, ravage, endamage, mar,
mistreat, molest; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 3.
damage (zarar vermek); synonyms (n) cost,
price, ruin, tear, wreck, charge, defacement, (v)
afflict, disfigure, mutilate, spoil, defect, break,
deface, (adj) impair; antonyms (n) service, (v)
conserve, repair, bolster.
hasat harvest; synonyms (n) crop, fruit, ingathering,
produce, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass,
collect, garner, get, pick, reap.
haere insect (bcek); synonyms (n) bug, worm,
bird, fish, louse, beast, amphibian, animal,
crustacean, mammal, (adj) animalcule, maggot,
midge, minnow, shrimp.
haset jealousy; synonyms (n) suspicion, competition,
contention, distrust, qualm, scruple, doubt,
challenge, contest, diffidence, dissatisfaction,
emulation, enmity, jealoushood, misdoubt.
hasm enemy; synonyms (n) adversary, antagonist,
foe, opponent, opposition, competitor, assailant,
foeman, hostile, challenger, contender, (adj) rival;
antonyms (n) ally, friend, supporter.
hain 1. harsh (sert); synonyms (adj) grating, sharp,
austere, bitter, coarse, crude, cruel, discordant,
grim, unkind, acrid, acute, biting, brutal, (v) hard;
antonyms (adj) smooth, gentle, harmonious, kind,
lenient, pleasant, soft, melodious, sweet, 2. severe;
synonyms (adj) harsh, rigid, inclement, rigorous,
rough, arduous, bad, cutting, heavy, intense,
serious, strict, atrocious, caustic, (v) poignant;

antonyms (adj) mild, slight, easy, lax.
hasr straw (saman); synonyms (n) chaff, rush, stalk,
husk, shuck, (v) cover, strew, (adj) feather, cobweb,
down, dust, flue, gossamer, mote.
hamet majesty; synonyms (n) glory, grandeur,
dignity, loftiness, splendor, greatness,
magnificence, nobility, stateliness, king, royalty,
highness, pomp, emperor, (adj) solemnity.
hassas 1. sensitive; synonyms (adj) delicate, excitable,
sensible, sore, tender, painful, impressionable,
emotional, gentle, irritable, perceptive, receptive,
susceptible, nice, nervous; antonyms (adj)
insensitive, numb, hardhearted, tactless, thickskinned, 2. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate,
loving, sensitive, soft, compassionate, fond, mild,
frail, caring, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n) offer,
bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, rubbery,
rough, 3. delicate; synonyms (adj) fine, accurate,
breakable, dainty, fragile, refined, beautiful, brittle,
difficult, slim, agreeable, infirm, careful, decent,
elegant; antonyms (adj) strong, inelegant, robust,
heavy, sturdy, 4. fine (gzel, ince, iyi);
synonyms (adj) brave, capital, excellent, thin,
delightful, acute, admirable, alright, choice,
exquisite, glorious, (n) penalty, amercement, (v)
punish, mulct; antonyms (adj) poor, thick, coarse,
substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 5. sensible;
synonyms (adj) reasonable, aware, judicious,
perceptible, prudent, rational, sagacious,
intelligent, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical,
practical, conscious; antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd,
crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad,
outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid,
unreasonable, unwise, harebrained, 6.
susceptible; synonyms (adj) responsive, subject,
liable, pliable, susceptive, vulnerable, open,
amenable, exposed, impressible, prone; antonyms
(adj) resistant, unsusceptible, 7. responsive;
synonyms (adj) responsible, antiphonal, interested.
hasta 1. sick; synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing,
unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy, 2. patient;
synonyms (adj) forbearing, passive, calm, enduring,
resigned, tolerant, uncomplaining, stoical, lenient,
meek, persistent, considerate, indefatigable;
antonym (adj) impatient, 3. ill; synonyms (adj) bad,
sick, unhealthy, adverse, harmful, (adv) badly,
amiss, (n) evil, harm, complaint, hurt, ailment,
mischief, damage, calamity, 4. poorly; synonyms
(adv) inadequately, miserably, imperfectly,
insufficiently, meanly, meagrely, (adj) low, seedy,
peaked; antonyms (adv) opulently, satisfactorily.
hastabakc 1. nurse (hemire); synonyms (n)
nurture, doctor, amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish,
entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate,
Turkish - English
keep, raise, breastfeed, 2. sister (hemire);
synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, mate, twin, baby,
counterpart, double, match, member, pair,
pendant, sis.
hastalk 1. disease; synonyms (n) ailment, condition,
illness, sickness, complaint, infirmity, affection,
affliction, bug, disorder, ill, evil, infection, malady,
(v) distemper, 2. illness; synonyms (n) disease,
attack, pain, trouble, 3. complaint; synonyms (n)
accusation, charge, lament, plaint, protest, wail,
whine, claim, quarrel, criticism, moan, upset,
syndrome, 4. ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing,
diseased, unhealthy, adverse, harmful, nauseous,
(adv) badly, poorly, sickly, (n) harm, hurt, mischief,
damage; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well, 5.
sickness; synonyms (n) indisposition, qualm,
nausea, disgust, loathing, derangement, 6.
trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, anxiety,
difficulty, fuss, torment, (v) inconvenience, annoy,
disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract,
disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please.
hastane hospital; synonyms (n) infirmary, home,
institution, sanitarium, sickroom, spital, inn,
sickbay, (adj) hospitable.
hat 1. line (izgi); synonyms (n) cord, file, house,
border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order, 2.
stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n) touch, beat,
knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 3.
route (rota, yol); synonyms (n) path, road,
direction, passage, avenue, channel, circuit,
highway, itinerary, track, way, lane, means,
method, (v) direct.
hata 1. error; synonyms (n) deviation, blunder, fault,
mistake, wrong, delusion, lapse, oversight, crime,
defect, demerit, guilt, misunderstanding,
falsehood, confusion; antonym (n) correctness, 2.
fault (arza, bozukluk, kusur); synonyms (n)
blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, delinquency,
flaw, break, weakness, default, failure, fracture,
imperfection, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms
(n) merit, strength, 3. mistake; synonyms (n)
misapprehension, misconception, inaccuracy, trip,
misprint, foolishness, (v) err, misapprehend, slip,
confuse, misjudge, misunderstand, misconstrue,
confound, misinterpret, 4. trip (gezi); synonyms
(n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel,
run, drive, misstep, ride, (v) journey, stumble, fall,
skip, tumble; antonym (v) fix, 5. slip; synonyms (n)
cutting, escape, scion, ticket, band, dip, gaffe, (v)
slide, drop, glide, skid, sag, shift, sneak, (adj)
omission; antonym (v) improve, 6. failing;
synonyms (adj) declining, failed, wanting,
deteriorating, abortive, deficient, (n) inadequacy,
shortcoming, decline, foible, frailty, infirmity, vice,
disadvantage, drawback; antonyms (adj) thriving,
209
flourishing, well, (n) virtue, 7. defect (kusur);

synonyms (n) scar, dearth, deformity, want, disease,
kink, lack, malformation, malfunction, speck, stain,
taint, decrement, (v) desert.
hatal 1. faulty; synonyms (adj) erroneous, deficient,
defective, false, vicious, bad, broken, inaccurate,
incorrect, wrong, damaged, imperfect, poor, amiss,
tainted; antonyms (adj) correct, perfect, flawless, 2.
incorrect; synonyms (adj) improper, inappropriate,
imprecise, faulty, fallacious, inexact, mistaken,
untrue, error, flawed, unfit, unfitting, unsound,
unsuitable, inconclusive; antonym (adj) right, 3.
wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, evil, ill, abuse,
criminal, iniquitous, unjust, wicked, (n) damage,
injure, injury, injustice, crime, hurt, mischief;
antonyms (adj) good, proper, honest, law-abiding,
(adv) correctly, (n) justice.
hatra memory (an, bellek, hafza); synonyms (n)
hatrlama recall; synonyms (v) retrieve,
countermand, recognize, recollect, remember,
repeal, rescind, retract, reverse, revoke, cancel, (n)
anamnesis, memory, return, annulment; antonym
(v) forget.
hatrlamak 1. remember (anmsamak); synonyms
(v) commemorate, recognize, recall, recollect,
consider, record, remind, retain, think, review,
ponder, mark, imagine, refresh, cite; antonym (v)
forget, 2. recall; synonyms (v) retrieve,
countermand, remember, repeal, rescind, retract,
reverse, revoke, cancel, recant, (n) anamnesis,
memory, return, annulment, recollection.
hatrlatan reminiscent; synonyms (adj) evocative,
redolent, remindful, indicative, suggestive,
aromatic, important, meaningful, significant,
implicative, mnemonic, recollective, similar.
hatrlayan reminiscent; synonyms (adj) evocative,
redolent, remindful, indicative, suggestive,
aromatic, important, meaningful, significant,
implicative, mnemonic, recollective, similar.
hatta even (ift); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct,
equal, constant, equable, equivalent, flat,
horizontal, identical, plane, regular, steady, (v)
level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven,
inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal.
hav 1. pile (ty); synonyms (n) heap, stack, mass,
congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation, bundle,
collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate, amass,
crowd, 2. down (aa); synonyms (adv) below,
(adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward,
despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n)
feather, fur, fuzz, (v) consume, devour, drink;
antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward.
210
Turkish - English
hava 1. air (havalandrmak); synonyms (n) tune,
havlamak bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark,
appearance, manner, atmosphere, look, melody,

strain, face, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit,
vent, weather, aerate, 2. weather; synonyms (v)
endure, survive, resist, withstand, brave, stand,
wear, 3. climate (iklim); synonyms (n) clime,
ambience, latitude, environment, milieu, mood, 4.
atmosphere (atmosfer); synonyms (n) air,
ambiance, aura, feel, feeling, background, quality,
climate, medium, setting, situation, surroundings,
atm, 5. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort,
(v) relax, 6. mood; synonyms (n) humor,
disposition, attitude, mode, temper, character,
condition, humour, modality, state, sulk,
temperament, tone, inclination, mind.
havaalan 1. airport; synonyms (n) aerodrome,
airdrome, runway, airstrip, depot, destination,
harbor, haven, port, station, hangar, helipad,
installation, spaceport, strip, 2. airfield; synonyms
(n) airport, field, area, arena, bailiwick, battlefield,
battleground, champaign, discipline, domain, orbit,
plain, sphere, study, subject.
havaclk 1. aviation; synonyms (n) air, flight,
airwave, atmosphere, aura, ballooning,
aerodynamics, breeze, line, melody, piloting, strain,
tune, zephyr, 2. flying; synonyms (adj) fast,
fluttering, quick, rapid, swift, aflare, flaring,
moving, (n) fly.
havagaz gas (benzin, gaz); synonyms (n) gasoline,
petrol, air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence,
petroleum, oil, gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag,
vaunt, blague, blow.
havai aerial (anten); synonyms (adj) airy, aery,
ethereal, unreal, insubstantial, aeriform, (n)
antenna.
havalandrma ventilation; synonyms (n) airing,
exploitation, discussion, deliberation, air,
breathing, circulation, conference, conversation,
disclosure, dissemination, publication, rap,
respiration, riffling.
havalandrmak air (hava); synonyms (n) tune,
appearance, manner, atmosphere, look, melody,
strain, face, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit,
vent, weather, aerate.
havali district (blge); synonyms (n) area, quarter,
region, community, neighborhood, territory,
circuit, county, field, jurisdiction, province, section,
domain, (adj) local, (v) zone.
havaliman airport (havaalan); synonyms (n)
aerodrome, airdrome, runway, airstrip, depot,
destination, harbor, haven, port, station, hangar,
helipad, installation, spaceport, strip.
havlama bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark,
recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment,
gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl.
recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment,

gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl.
havlu towel; synonyms (n) mop, (v) wipe, napkin,
handkerchief, cloth, malkin, maukin, dry, wallop,
bang, bastinado, birch, cane, cob, comb.
havuz 1. pool; synonyms (n) plash, lake, pond, mere,
cartel, basin, kitty, syndicate, trust, billiards, lough,
store, (v) combine, merge, associate, 2. basin;
synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression, dock, hollow,
tank, washbasin, washbowl, basinful, cavity, cup,
lavatory, pool, sink, washstand, 3. pond;
synonyms (n) loch, reservoir, sea, broad.
havza basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression,
dock, hollow, tank, washbasin, washbowl, basinful,
cavity, cup, lavatory, pool, sink, washstand.
hayal 1. fantasy; synonyms (n) dream, fancy, illusion,
delusion, mirage, desire, fad, fiction, hallucination,
invention, reverie, vision, imaginativeness,
deception, (adj) make-believe; antonyms (n) reality,
(adj) real, 2. dream; synonyms (n) daydream,
aspiration, ambition, fantasy, figment, nightmare,
sleep, coma, trance, notion, dreaming, phantom,
conceit, (v) imagine, muse, 3. imagination (hayal
gc, imgelem); synonyms (n) imagery,
originality, caprice, conception, idea, inventiveness,
reflection, resource, thought, pretense,
resourcefulness, 4. reflection (yansma);
synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation,
observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation,
musing, reflexion, introspection, image,
repercussion, animadversion, echo, expression,
likeness, 5. vision (grme); synonyms (n) sight,
view, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit,
apparition, prospect, picture, shadow, foresight,
spectacle, inspiration, show, 6. fancy; synonyms
(v) wish, consider, crotchet, envision, like, assume,
conjecture, covet, (adj) conceive, elaborate,
extravagant, ween, (n) whim, guess, pleasure;
antonyms (adj) plain, unadorned, 7. image
(grnt, resim); synonyms (n) figure, effigy,
form, impression, resemblance, design, double,
epitome, icon, idol, photograph, diagram,
apprehension, guise, (v) depict, 8. illusion;
synonyms (n) magic, chimera, deceit, dissimulation,
fallacy, trick, aberration, legerdemain, phantasy,
appearance, dissembling, (v) distortion.
hayalet 1. ghost (hortlak); synonyms (n) apparition,
shade, spirit, soul, spectre, spook, appearance,
manes, suggestion, shadow, touch, trace, (v)
specter, ghostwrite, haunt, 2. shade (glge,
glgelemek, glgelendirmek); synonyms (n)
screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud,
conceal, darkness, dye, nuance, (v) darken, tint,
cover, obscure; antonyms (n) light, brightness, 3.
shadow (glge); synonyms (n) tail, hint, follower,
gloom, phantom, reflection, umbrage, silhouette,
Turkish - English
dark, (v) eclipse, follow, overshadow, track, dog,
hide, 4. spirit; synonyms (n) courage, life, mood,
bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm,
essence, heart, mind, fortitude, dash, esprit, (adj)
hayali 1. imaginary (sanal); synonyms (adj) fanciful,
fictitious, false, ideal, illusory, mythical, unreal,
hypothetical, chimerical, fantastic, fictional,
notional, visionary, whimsical, delusive; antonyms
(adj) real, palpable, 2. fantastic; synonyms (adj)
bizarre, extraordinary, antic, extravagant,
grotesque, marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful,
capricious, fabulous, fantastical, great, imaginary,
(v) fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, ordinary.
hayat 1. life; synonyms (n) animation, energy, spirit,
activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm,
autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy,
2. existence; synonyms (n) presence, entity, life,
living, subsistence, essence, lifetime, occurrence,
reality, time, world, beingness, cosmos, creation;
antonyms (n) death, nonbeing, nonexistence.
hayati vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential,
indispensable, animated, alive, crucial,
fundamental, important, lively, main, necessary,
chief, momentous, live, dynamic; antonyms (adj)
trivial, insignificant, minor, optional, unimportant.
hayatta alive (canl); synonyms (adj) active, live,
living, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively,
responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate,
awake, extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased,
inanimate.
hayr no; synonyms (n) refusal, rejection, denial,
number, nix, rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adv) nay,
(adj) zero, naught, none, non, nul.
hayrl beneficial; synonyms (adj) advantageous,
antonyms (adj) useless, disadvantageous, harmful.
hayrsever charitable; synonyms (adj) merciful,
benevolent, clement, gentle, kind, bountiful,
generous, humane, kindly, lenient, liberal,
magnanimous, philanthropic, compassionate,
forbearing; antonyms (adj) unforgiving, mean,
nasty, uncharitable.
hayrseverlik charity (sadaka); synonyms (n)
bounty, dole, favor, aid, generosity, kindness,
liberality, mercy, virtue, clemency, compassion,
gift, pity, (v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms
(n) miserliness, intolerance.
haykr cry (alamak, barmak, feryat);

exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.
haykrmak 1. cry (alamak, barmak, feryat);

211

exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper,
2. shout (barmak); synonyms (v) cry, bawl,
hollo, hail, holler, hoop, whoop, yelp, proclaim, (n)
cheer, halloo, outcry, screech, exclamation, wail.
hayli much (ok); synonyms (adv) greatly, frequently,
almost, awfully, considerably, far, most, often,
pretty, highly, (n) lot, heap, (adj) great, considerable,
practically; antonym (adv) slightly.
hayran fan (vantilatr, yelpaze); synonyms (n)
admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast, addict, adherent,
afficionado, fiend, follower, advocate, disciple, (v)
air, winnow, refresh, blow; antonym (n) detractor.
hayranlk admiration; synonyms (n) wonder,
adoration, appreciation, esteem, reverence,
amazement, estimation, regard, awe, liking,
approbation, astonishment, compliment, credit,
deference; antonyms (n) disrespect, disdain,
criticism.
hayret 1. wonder; synonyms (v) admire, query,
question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel, prodigy,
admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle,
surprise, muse, phenomenon, wonderment, 2.
astonishment; synonyms (n) wonder, confusion,
consternation, awe, 3. amazement; synonyms (n)
stupor, (v) amaze, 4. surprise (srpriz);
synonyms (n) fright, surprisal, (v) astound, alarm,
astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch, bewilder,
confound, stagger, overwhelm, overtake.
hayvan 1. animal (hayvansal); synonyms (n) brute,
creature, beast, organism, being, fauna, monster,
(adj) bodily, carnal, brutal, corporeal, physical,
sensual, primitive, (adv) fleshly, 2. beast; synonyms
(n) animal, swine, fiend, savage, barbarian, (adj)
bear.
hayvansal animal (hayvan); synonyms (n) brute,
creature, beast, organism, being, fauna, monster,
(adj) bodily, carnal, brutal, corporeal, physical,
sensual, primitive, (adv) fleshly.
Hayr no (hayr); synonyms (n) refusal, rejection,
denial, number, nix, rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adv)
nay, (adj) zero, naught, none, non, nul.
haz 1. delight; synonyms (n) joy, amusement,
pleasure, rejoicing, bliss, delectation, gladness, (v)
charm, amuse, please, ravish, captivate, cheer,
enrapture, gratify; antonyms (n) sorrow, misery, (v)
depress, displease, 2. pleasure; synonyms (n)
delight, contentment, enjoyment, fun, gratification,
content, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination,
entertainment, fruition, pleasance, satisfaction,
desire; antonyms (n) anger, irritation, ache,
boredom, nuisance, 3. enjoyment; synonyms (n)
appreciation, gusto, relish, diversion, ecstasy, glee,
indulgence, merriment, use, zest; antonym (n)
dislike.
hazin sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal, distressing,
gloomy, miserable, mournful, pitiable, pitiful, bad,
212
Turkish - English
bleak, dejected, deplorable, depressed, depressing,

disconsolate; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, joyful,
brave, cheery, composed.
hazine 1. exchequer; synonyms (n) treasury, bank,
purse, hanaper, 2. treasury; synonyms (n)
exchequer, storehouse, thesaurus, anthology, mine,
store, chest, coffer, repertory, safe, magazine,
strongbox, agriculture, cache, casket.
hazr 1. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available,
convenient, apt, clever, expert, deft, dexterous,
good, accessible, easy, commodious, functional,
near, (n) ready; antonyms (adj) useless, clumsy,
fixed, 2. willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable,
disposed, spontaneous, voluntary, amenable,
inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced,
consenting, obliging, content, desirous, game, glad;
antonyms (adj) unwilling, reluctant, 3.
forthcoming; synonyms (adj) future, coming,
approaching, imminent, outgoing, upcoming,
oncoming, pending, extroverted, gracious, (v)
batching, brewing; antonym (adj) reserved, 4.
finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete,
incomplete, remaining, rough, 5. available;
synonyms (adj) free, possible, attainable, handy,
obtainable, open, uncommitted, usable, vacant,
valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj)
unavailable, occupied, suppressed, concealed,
engaged, 6. ready; synonyms (adj) fit, prompt,
quick, nimble, finished, instant, agile, alert, facile,
fast, (v) prepare, fix, willing, make, (n) eager;
antonym (adj) unprepared, 7. present (armaan,
hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift,
donation, (v) bestow, display, give, introduce,
prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity,
award; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, history, (v)
withdraw, (adv) absent, 8. ripe; synonyms (adj)
mature, adult, advanced, matured, right, (v)
mellow; antonym (adj) green, 9. prepared;
synonyms (adj) fitted, fain, competent, primed,
efficient, equipped, able, destined, initiated,
watchful.
hazrlama preparation (hazrlk); synonyms (n)
arrangement, concoction, provision, readiness,
training, practice, formulation, homework,
planning, prep, discipline, drill, instruction,
background, prelude.
hazrlamak 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm);

liquid, 2. prepare; synonyms (v) form, plan, dress,
coach, devise, make, set, concoct, cook, equip, fit,
groom, organize, qualify, discipline, 3. lay;
synonyms (v) deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear,

allay, bet, impose, impute, (adj) secular, calm, laic,
(n) ballad, pitch, 4. get (almak, elde etmek,
olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain,
attain, become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch,
take, achieve, beget, bring, capture; antonyms (v)
lose, give, leave, 5. fit (uymak); synonyms (v)
agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond,
square, accord, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable,
appropriate, becoming, (n) convulsion, attack;
antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell.
hazrlanma preparation (hazrlk); synonyms (n)
arrangement, concoction, provision, readiness,
training, practice, formulation, homework,
planning, prep, discipline, drill, instruction,
background, prelude.
hazrlk 1. preparation; synonyms (n) arrangement,
concoction, provision, readiness, training, practice,
formulation, homework, planning, prep, discipline,
drill, instruction, background, prelude, 2.
arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, order,
settlement, adjustment, array, classification,
contract, design, distribution, method, plan,
sequence, system, accommodation, appointment,
3. provision (hkm); synonyms (n) condition,
clause, proviso, stock, article, board, requirement,
stipulation, store, maintenance, prerequisite, (v)
preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack.
hazrlkl prepared; synonyms (adj) disposed, fit,
willing, fitted, fain, finished, ready, ripe,
competent, inclined, primed, completed, efficient,
mature, apt; antonyms (adj) unprepared,
spontaneous.
hazmetmek stomach (mide); synonyms (n)
abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination,
(v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer,
take, tolerate, (adj) digest.
hazne reservoir; synonyms (n) cistern, fountain, well,
lake, store, bank, hoard, reserve, stock, supply,
tank.
heceleme spelling (yazm); synonym (n)
orthography.
hecelemek spell; synonyms (n) magic, fascination,
bout, conjuration, incantation, period, sorcery,
enchantment, turn, span, bewitchment, space,
captivation, attack, (v) charm.
hedef 1. target (ama); synonyms (n) butt, goal,
mark, object, objective, ambition, destination, end,
intent, focus, intention, (v) aim, point, purpose,
direct, 2. destination; synonyms (n) address,
haven, doom, destiny, fate, finish, target, terminus,
3. goal (kale); synonyms (n) design, basket,
aspiration, limit, meaning, home, mission, plan,
reason, wish, (v) bound, 4. aim (ama, gaye);
synonyms (n) trend, will, bearing, cause, direction,
drift, idea, (v) endeavor, aspire, propose, strive,
turn, attempt, drive, (adj) tend, 5. objective (ama,
Turkish - English
nesnel, objektif); synonyms (adj) dispassionate,
fair, impartial, just, concrete, detached, accusative,
impersonal, neutral, unbiased, unprejudiced,
material, equitable, independent, (n) purport;
antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 6. mark;
synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character,
heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v)
blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj)
notice, 7. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case,
action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make,
breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring,
engender; antonym (n) consequence, 8. object
(ama, nesne); synonyms (n) matter, subject,
substance, motive, thing, being, (v) except, mind,
complain, demur, remonstrate, argue, protest, carp,
disagree; antonym (v) agree.
hediye 1. gift (armaan); synonyms (n) donation,
faculty, award, flair, capacity, dower, charity,
aptitude, bent, (v) present, boon, bestow, (adj)
endowment, ability, talent; antonym (n) inability, 2.
present (armaan); synonyms (adj) grant, confer,
current, (n) gift, offering, (v) display, give,
introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform,
gratuity, exhibit; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past,
future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent.
hekim doctor (doktor); synonyms (n) physician, doc,
medico, (v) cure, adulterate, attend, fix, heal, mend,
remedy, repair, cook, debase, falsify, leech;
antonym (v) break.
hekimlik medicine (tp); synonyms (n) cure, drug,
medicament, medication, physic, remedy, therapy,
treatment, cathartic, potion, preparation, antidote,
(v) medicate.
hela 1. lavatory (tuvalet); synonyms (n) bathroom,
can, toilet, commode, lav, bath, basin, privy,
washbasin, washstand, crapper, 2. toilet
(tuvalet); synonyms (n) lavatory, attire, dress,
stool, costume, guise, raiment, drapery, pot, potty,
throne.
helezon spiral (sarmal); synonyms (n) coil, helix,
volute, roll, spire, (adj) helical, spiraling, turbinate,
(v) curl, loop, screw, corkscrew, gyrate, circle, bend.
helikopter helicopter; synonyms (n) chopper,
whirlybird, eggbeater, airliner, airplane, chop,
cleaver, eggwhisk, jet, plane, pearly.
hem also (da, de); synonyms (adv) too, likewise,
further, item, similarly, so, (conj) and, furthermore.
hemcins fellow (adam); synonyms (adj) comrade, (n)
companion, associate, boy, equal, brother, chap,
counterpart, (v) concomitant.
hemen 1. immediately; synonyms (adv) directly,
forthwith, instantly, now, right, direct, readily,
instantaneously, presently, rapidly, incontinently,
momentarily, summarily, exactly, (adj) instanter;
213
antonyms (adv) later, slowly, 2. instantly;

synonyms (adv) immediately, promptly, outright,
quickly, soon, straight, straightaway, suddenly;
antonym (adv) eventually, 3. immediate;
synonyms (adj) close, prompt, sudden, near,
present, quick, expeditious, fast, hasty, instant,
proximate, speedy, express, adjacent, firsthand;
antonyms (adj) slow, gradual, consecutive,
deliberate, 4. directly; synonyms (adv) bluntly,
frankly, personally, sheer, flat, slap, precisely,
absolutely, flatly, honestly, just, simply, sincerely,
(adj) forthright, plump; antonyms (adv) indirectly,
obliquely, 5. soon (ok gemeden); synonyms
(adv) shortly, early, anon, betimes, soonly, briefly,
erelong, speedily, afterward, curtly.
hemire 1. nurse; synonyms (n) nurture, doctor,
amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain, foster,
harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, keep, raise,
breastfeed, 2. sister; synonyms (n) nun, nurse,
hendek 1. ditch; synonyms (n) trench, canal, channel,
dike, drain, gutter, (v) abandon, chuck, desert,
discard, dump, moat, cut, leave, scrap; antonym (v)
keep, 2. trench; synonyms (n) ditch, furrow,
groove, hollow, dugout, foxhole, sewer, deep,
trough, (v) encroach, excavate, infringe, entrench,
impinge.
henz 1. yet; synonyms (adv) however, but,
notwithstanding, even, nonetheless, though,
besides, further, hitherto, eventually, unless,
always, (conj) nevertheless, (n) already, (v) still, 2.
just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, (adj)
fair, right, correct, equitable, accurate, honest,
impartial, barely, fit, good, reasonable, righteous;
antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong.
hep 1. always (daima, her zaman); synonyms (adv)
forever, continuously, whenever, eternally, ever,
unceasingly, consistently, constantly, continually,
e'er, everlastingly, evermore, hourly, (adj) still,
eternal; antonyms (adv) never, erratically, 2. ever;
synonyms (adv) always, perpetually, 3. all (btn,
hepsi, tm); synonyms (adv) whole, purely,
altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, (adj)
universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone, (n)
aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det)
some.
hepsi all (btn, tm); synonyms (adv) whole,
purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece,
(adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone,
(n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det)
some.
her 1. each; synonyms (adv) apiece, (adj) every, any,
singular, distinct, eche, ilk, eminent, exceptional,
extraordinary, odd, same, strange, uncommon,
unique, 2. all (btn, hepsi, tm); synonyms
(adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally,
214
Turkish - English
wholly, completely, (adj) universal, each, gross,

complete, alone, entire, (n) aggregate, entirety;
antonyms (pron) none, (det) some.
herhangi any; synonyms (adj) all, either, whichever,
every, several, some, alone, few, ony, quantitative,
only, (n) aught, part, (pron) who.
herif 1. guy (adam); synonyms (n) boy, lad, cat,
fellow, man, bozo, hombre, male, person, rope,
tether, band, (v) rib, blackguard; antonym (n)
woman, 2. dog (kpek); synonyms (n) cur,
andiron, click, detent, cad, cock, (v) chase, hound,
beset, hunt, tail, track, trail, course, follow, 3.
fellow (adam); synonyms (adj) comrade, (n)
companion, associate, equal, brother, chap,
counterpart, escort, (v) concomitant, 4. bloke;
synonyms (n) geezer, guy.
herkes all (btn, hepsi, tm); synonyms (adv)
whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly,
apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete,
alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none,
(det) some.
hesap 1. account; synonyms (n) bill, narrative,
reckoning, regard, score, tale, description,
explanation, history, narration, reason, recital,
story, tab, (v) report, 2. calculation (hesaplama);
synonyms (n) account, analysis, arithmetic,
computation, deliberation, discretion, estimate,
forecast, anticipation, projection, count,
expectation, figuring, (v) estimation, (adj)
circumspection, 3. bill (fatura, gaga); synonyms
(n) beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster,
receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, notice, (v)
placard, advertise, charge, list, 4. estimate;
synonyms (n) calculation, appraisal, assessment, (v)
compute, consider, esteem, guess, weigh, appraise,
assess, conjecture, gauge, reckon, appraisement,
appreciate; antonym (v) calculate, 5. score;
synonyms (n) mark, scratch, line, groove, scotch,
debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, gain, get,
grade, hit.
hesaplama calculation (hesap); synonyms (n)
reckoning, account, analysis, arithmetic,
computation, deliberation, discretion, estimate,
forecast, anticipation, projection, count,
expectation, (v) estimation, (adj) circumspection.
hesaplamak calculate; synonyms (v) count, estimate,
account, add, appraise, cipher, compute, deem,
enumerate, forecast, gauge, guess, make, reckon,
consider.
hevenk hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause,
commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant.
heves 1. enthusiasm; synonyms (n) eagerness, ardor,
devotion, passion, animation, craze, zeal,
ebullience, ecstasy, flame, gusto, inspiration,
interest, keenness, (adj) fervor; antonyms (n) apathy,
indifference, lethargy, 2. anxiety (endie);

synonyms (n) alarm, care, disquiet, fear, solicitude,
trouble, anguish, anxiousness, concern, uneasiness,
worry, worriment, pain, agitation, burden;
antonyms (n) calmness, bravery, calm, confidence,
3. inclination (eilim); synonyms (n) disposition,
desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency,
drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity, disposal, liking,
mind; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance, 4.
stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, belly,
breadbasket, inclination, maw, (v) accept, brook,
abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj)
digest.
hevesli 1. eager; synonyms (adj) avid, desirous,
enthusiastic; synonyms (adj) eager, hearty, cordial,
anxious, devoted, excited, fiery, passionate,
animated, vehement, heated, dedicated, dynamic,
energetic, (n) buoyant; antonyms (adj)
unenthusiastic, lukewarm, lethargic, 3. keen;
synonyms (adj) sharp, intense, intelligent, biting,
brisk, exquisite, piercing, discriminating, clever,
astute, bright, cutting, fervent, hungry, (v) fresh;
antonyms (adj) dull, blunt, 4. responsive;
synonyms (adj) sensitive, amenable, receptive,
susceptible, agreeable, delicate, impressionable,
responsible, antiphonal, conscious, interested,
perceptive.
Hey hello (alo, merhaba); synonyms (n) greeting, hi,
howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail.
heybet majesty; synonyms (n) glory, grandeur,
dignity, loftiness, splendor, greatness,
magnificence, nobility, stateliness, king, royalty,
highness, pomp, emperor, (adj) solemnity.
heybetli 1. imposing; synonyms (v) impressive, (adj)
grand, dignified, noble, grandiose, stately,
distinguished, baronial, lofty, regal, awesome,
exalted, (n) commanding, solemn, grave; antonym
(adj) humble, 2. tremendous; synonyms (adj)
terrific, enormous, fantastic, immense, dreadful,
huge, marvelous, wonderful, formidable, gigantic,
mighty, fearful, awful, great, prodigious; antonym
(adj) insignificant.
heyecan 1. emotion (duygu); synonyms (n)
affection, love, feeling, passion, sensation, heart,
agitation, commotion, excitement, mood, pathos,
sensibility, anger, (v) impression; antonym (n)
intelligence, 2. excitement; synonyms (n) emotion,
animation, disturbance, eagerness, elation,
enthusiasm, taking, effervescence, excitation,
exhilaration, kick, thrill, tumult, disorder, fire;
antonyms (n) tedium, dullness, boredom,
tediousness, 3. bang; synonyms (n) clap, beat,
smack, knock, slap, smash, strike, blast, blow,
Turkish - English
bump, (v) hit, slam, bash, boom, clatter, 4. fever;
synonyms (n) delirium, feverishness, frenzy, heat,
pyrexia, febricity, restlessness, craze, pain, rage,
disease, fury, lather, outburst, confusion.
heyecanl 1. exciting; synonyms (adj) excited,
breathtaking, exhilarating, impressive, moving,
provocative, rousing, stirring, dramatic, emotional,
agitated, absorbing, arousing, electric, fascinating;
antonyms (adj) boring, dull, bland, insipid,
monotonous, uninteresting, unexciting, 2.
emotional (duygusal); synonyms (adj) affecting,
affective, effusive, passionate, poignant,
sensational, sensitive, warm, affectional, fervent,
mawkish, touching, touchy, aroused, (v) emotive;
antonyms (adj) impassive, unemotional,
unflappable, 3. warm (lk, stmak, scak);
synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent,
cordial, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring,
enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty, (v) heat;
antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved,
hostile, (v) cool, chill.
heyelan slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide,
chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip,
fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj)
shift.
heyet 1. committee; synonyms (n) board, council,
commission, consignee, trustee, cabinet, bureau,
staff, group, team, administration, assembly,
charge, class, commissioning, 2. commission
(kurul); synonyms (n) mission, delegation, job,
mandate, warrant, assignment, committee, duty, (v)
assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize,
delegate, empower, 3. corps; synonyms (n)
brigade, company, army, battalion, detachment,
regiment, troop, crew, party, band, column, force,
garrison, host, battalia, 4. group (grup, kme);
synonyms (n) bunch, collection, crowd, flock, gang,
association, clump, gathering, lump, muster, (v)
assemblage, cluster, rank, sort, arrange, 5. college;
synonyms (n) faculty, school, academy, institute,
society, institution, university, (adj) academic.
heykel 1. statue; synonyms (n) image, figure,
monument, statuette, effigy, bust, icon, picture,
model, statua, deity, doll, dummy, imitation, 2.
image (grnt, resim); synonyms (n) fancy,
conception, form, idea, impression, resemblance,
design, double, epitome, idol, imagination,
photograph, diagram, (v) depict, envision.
hibe gift (armaan, hediye); synonyms (n)
donation, faculty, award, flair, capacity, dower,
charity, aptitude, bent, (v) present, boon, bestow,
(adj) endowment, ability, talent; antonym (n)
inability.
hi 1. nothing (hibir ey); synonyms (n) zero,
cipher, nobody, nihil, nonentity, aught, cypher, nix,
null, trifle, nada, zilch, (adv) naught, (adj) nil,
worthless; antonym (pron) something, 2. none
215
(hibiri); synonym (adj) no, 3. ever; synonyms

(adv) always, continually, e'er, perpetually,
eternally, (adj) constantly, still, forever; antonym
(adv) never, 4. any; synonyms (adj) all, either,
whichever, every, several, some, alone, few, ony,
quantitative, only, (pron) who, (n) part, 5. never
(asla, hibir zaman); synonyms (adv) ne'er,
nevermore, nor, tomorrow, 6. whatever;
synonyms (adj) any, whatsoever, (pron) what, partly,
somewhat, whatso, whosoever, (adv) anyway,
regardless.
hibiri 1. none; synonyms (adj) nil, no, 2. neither;
synonym (conj) nother.
hilik zero (sfr); synonyms (n) nil, nothing, nobody,
cipher, naught, cypher, nought, null, nihil, nullity,
aught, nix, root, zilch, zip.
hicret migration; synonyms (n) exodus, movement,
journey, transmigration, departure, exile,
colonization, metempsychosis, evacuation, flood,
travel, (v) flit, flitting.
hiddet 1. anger (kzgnlk, fke); synonyms (n)
displeasure, fury, rage, indignation, resentment,
annoyance, (v) enrage, incense, aggravate,
displease, exasperate, irritate, offend, wrath, fume;
antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v) please,
placate, pacify, calm, 2. rage; synonyms (n) anger,
passion, frenzy, craze, exasperation, fad, fashion,
madness, mania, chafe, delirium, (v) bluster, storm,
(adj) flame, ire, 3. fury; synonyms (n) ferocity, force,
furor, choler, fierceness, furiousness, furore,
vehemence, violence, outrage, heat, impetuosity,
intensity, irritation, shrew, 4. steam (buu,
buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud,
energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, cook,
pull, boil, (adj) gas, air.
hiddetli angry (kzgn, fkeli); synonyms (adj)
furious, incensed, provoked, fierce, irate, raging,
vehement, maddened, fuming, outraged, piqued,
splenetic, angered, annoyed, boiling; antonyms (adj)
calm, pleased, gentle.
hidrojen hydrogen; synonyms (n) butane,
diacetylmorphine, heroin, horse, hydrogenium,
propane, junk, scag, shit, smack.
hikaye story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account,
narration, narrative, recital, report, tale, fable,
falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel; antonym
(n) truth.
hile 1. device (aygt); synonyms (n) contrivance,
apparatus, appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption,
figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design,
dodge, expedient, 2. deception (aldanma);
synonyms (n) deceit, illusion, betrayal, delusion,
fake, pretense, bluff, cheating, con, duplicity,
fallacy, falsehood, fraud, guile, (v) cheat; antonym
(n) honesty, 3. fraud; synonyms (n) counterfeit,
deception, dishonesty, sham, faker, impostor,
216
Turkish - English
swindle, trickery, forgery, gouge, embezzlement,

ruse, chicanery, crook, deceiver, 4. craft;
synonyms (n) boat, ability, art, cunning, trade,
artfulness, shift, business, job, occupation,
profession, skill, vessel, work, calling, 5. trick
(aldatmak); synonyms (n) joke, prank, device,
dupe, stratagem, knack, hoax, (v) deceive, mislead,
beguile, bamboozle, defraud, fob, fool, hoodwink,
6. manipulation; synonyms (n) handling,
management, treatment, use, control, intrigue,
touch, execution, massage, 7. plant (bitki);
synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment, factory,
herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set,
constitute, establish, found, lay, bury, 8. shift;
synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch,
conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble,
alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate,
9. sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal,
handle, betray, give, promote, merchandise, realize,
vend, clear, gammon, pass, deliver, negotiate, (n)
shave; antonym (v) buy.
hileli 1. false (taklit, yanl); synonyms (adj) bastard,
truthful, honest, valid, 2. unfair; synonyms (adj)
partial, unjust, foul, inequitable, dishonorable,
fraudulent, undeserved, wrongful, underhand,
unsporting, mean, crooked, dirty, undue, unequal;
antonyms (adj) fair, just, reasonable, balanced,
rightful, 3. tricky; synonyms (adj) crafty, cunning,
artful, sly, delicate, difficult, foxy, shifty, slippery,
wily, complicated, designing, dodgy, guileful,
hard; antonyms (adj) easy, straightforward.
himaye 1. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary,
retreat, cover, harbor, protection, 2. patronage;
synonyms (n) support, backing, clientele,
condescension, favor, trade, assistance, aid,
auspices, championship, countenance, help,
business, (v) keep, sustain, 3. sponsorship;
synonyms (n) sponsor, patronage, sponsion,
endorsement, benefaction, cosponsor, devotion,
economics, encouragement, investment,
membership, money, start, bias, funding, 4.
protection (koruma); synonyms (n) defense, care,
conservation, custody, defence, guardianship,
security, aegis, preservation, shield, bulwark,
hedge, escort, charge, (v) guard; antonym (n)
destruction.
hn score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch,
line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch,
cut, tally, achieve, dash.
hindi turkey (Trkiye); synonyms (n) dud, failure,
bomb, flop, joker, butt, coward, fiasco, fool,
jokester, loser, luggage, misfire, (adj) imperfect,

incapable.
hnzr wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, bad, evil,
sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, mischievous,
unholy, vile, corrupt, criminal, diabolical, foul,
hellish; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind, moral,
pious, pure.
hipotez hypothesis; synonyms (n) assumption,
conjecture, supposition, guess, theory, speculation,
belief, condition, idea, opinion, postulation,
presumption, presupposition, surmise, concept.
hrn sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid, bitter,
rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v)
acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj)
sweet, kindly.
hrdavat hardware (donanm); synonyms (n)
ironmongery, ironware, gun, armament, medal,
gem, jewel, jewelry, trinket, accouterments,
appliances, fasteners, fittings, fixtures, housewares.
hrs ambition (tutku); synonyms (n) aspiration, aim,
ambitiousness, dream, drive, goal, hope, objective,
purpose, target, wish, intention, design, desire,
eagerness; antonym (n) apathy.
hrsz thief; synonyms (n) robber, burglar, bandit,
pirate, plunderer, crook, filcher, stealer, despoiler,
freebooter, pillager, rifler.
hrszlk 1. theft; synonyms (n) robbery, larceny,
stealing, burglary, thievery, embezzlement,
thieving, depredation, latrociny, stealth, 2.
robbery; synonyms (n) rape, looting, pillage,
plunder, theft, holdup, freebooting, pillaging, spoil,
(v) despoliation, spoliation, 3. burglary; synonyms
(n) housebreaking, felony, crime, appropriation,
caper, filching, incident, mugging, pilferage,
pilfering, pinching, pocketing, prowl, raid,
safecracking, 4. steal (armak, almak);
synonyms (v) abstract, lift, purloin, creep, filch,
misappropriate, pilfer, pinch, rob, snatch, sneak,
plagiarize, slip, thieve, (n) bargain.
hrsl 1. passionate; synonyms (adj) ardent, hot,
indifferent, mild, passionless, 2. ambitious
(tutkulu); synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult,
energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive,
desirous, enterprising, grandiose, pushy.
his 1. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu); synonyms (n)
notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms
(n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity,
foolishness, gibberish, 2. feeling (duygu);
synonyms (n) affection, passion, emotion,
atmosphere, belief, hunch, intuition, mood,
opinion, sense, sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm,
excitement, (adj) emotional; antonyms (n)
Turkish - English
numbness, indifference, 3. sentiment; synonyms
(n) judgement, judgment, persuasion, attitude,
position, apprehension, conception, image,
observation, sensibility, thought, view, heart, love,
estimation, 4. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v)
consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure,
find, hold, suffer, suppose, think, (n) touch, sound,
texture, air; antonym (v) observe, 5. emotion
(duygu); synonyms (n) agitation, commotion,
pathos, anger.
hisar 1. castle (kale); synonyms (n) rook, citadel,
fortification, fortress, castling, fort, keep, mansion,
palace, stronghold, tower, house, chateau, court, (v)
donjon, 2. fort; synonyms (n) castle, bastion,
defense, bulwark, garrison, refuge, (v) fortify,
sconce, 3. tower (bur, kule); synonyms (n)
column, pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise,
arise, loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk,
mount, (adj) pillar.
hsm 1. kin; synonyms (n) family, kindred, folk,
house, clan, gender, stock, folks, tribe, connection,
kinsmen, affinity, consanguinity, kinfolk, kinsfolk,
2. relative (greli); synonyms (adj) related,
congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj)
absolute.
hsmlk affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy,
alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport,
relation, relationship, semblance, penchant,
agreement, attachment, conformity, connection.
hisse 1. share (hisse senedi, pay, paylamak);

synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal, dole, lot,
allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion,
antonym (v) control, 2. portion (para,
porsiyon); synonyms (n) division, constituent,
component, fragment, parcel, section, allowance,
destiny, fate, fortune, installment, member,
segment, (v) dividend, assign, 3. quantum;
synonyms (n) amount, measure, magnitude,
quantity, mass, measurement, sum, total,
amplitude, 4. quota; synonyms (n) proportion,
share, contingent, ratio, ration, slice, rate,
percentage, cut, helping, stint.
hissedar shareholder; synonyms (n) participant,
shareowner, stockholder, saver, depositor.
hissedilir sensible; synonyms (adj) reasonable, aware,
judicious, perceptible, prudent, rational, sagacious,
intelligent, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical,
practical, conscious; antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd,
crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad,
outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid,
unreasonable, unwise, harebrained.
hissetme feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience,
sense, consider, finger, handle, believe, deem,
217
endure, find, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound,

texture, air; antonym (v) observe.
hissetmek 1. feel; synonyms (v) experience, sense,
consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure,
find, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound, texture,
air; antonym (v) observe, 2. sense (anlam,
duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence,
perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness,
idea, impression, notion, reason, understanding, (v)
feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n)
foolishness, gibberish.
hissi sentimental (duygusal); synonyms (adj)
emotional, maudlin, mushy, romantic, tender,
mawkish, schmaltzy, soft, sappy, bathetic, loving,
mincing, nostalgic, schmalzy, slushy.
hissizlik indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n)
hitabe 1. address (adres, sylev); synonyms (n)
accost, lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill,
speech, allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v)
greet, call, harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore, 2.
address, delivery, expression, conversation,
language, diction, communication, discussion,
elocution, converse, dialect, talk, tongue, (v) say,
saying.
hiyerari hierarchy; synonyms (n) order, rank, class,
apparatus, executive, hagiocracy, hierocracy, scale,
ladder, ranking, society, tree.
hiyerarik hierarchical; synonyms (adj) hierarchal,
hierarchic, archiepiscopal.
hz 1. speed; synonyms (n) race, rapidity, velocity,
celerity, (v) hasten, hurry, quicken, run, rush,
accelerate, dash, dispatch, expedite, promote,
shoot; antonym (n) slowness, 2. rate (oran);
synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, percentage,
(v) assess, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise,
compute, count, calculate, merit, put, 3. impetus;
synonyms (n) impulse, drive, force, impulsion,
power, goad, incentive, momentum, spur,
stimulus, thrust, urge, motivation, propulsion, (v)
energy, 4. pace (adm); synonyms (n) walk, rate,
footstep, speed, tempo, tread, fastness, beat,
cadence, carriage, footfall, measure, (v) step, gait,
stride, 5. velocity; synonyms (n) swiftness,
quickness, fleetness, haste, agility, promptness, (v)
port.
hizip faction; synonyms (n) cabal, crew, sect, band,
dissension, division, feud, group, junto, party, set,
team, conflict, crowd, part.
218
Turkish - English
hzla quickly; synonyms (adv) promptly, immediately,
hobi hobby; synonyms (n) fad, amusement, avocation,
directly, early, quick, pronto, nimbly, apace,

hastily, rapidly, readily, (adj) fast, shortly, forthwith,
(n) instantly; antonyms (adv) slowly, gradually,
permanently.
hzlanma acceleration (ivme); synonyms (n) speed,
rapidity, rise, quickening, quickness, rush,
speedup, swiftness.
hzl 1. quick (abuk); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt,
active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble,
speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous,
leisurely, dull, 2. fast (oru); synonyms (adj)
dissolute, firm, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant,
quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, (adv) soon,
(adv) slowly, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 3. swift; synonyms
(adj) fleet, lively, sudden, abrupt, express, ready,
sprightly, impetuous, unexpected, immediate,
keen, brief, impulsive, (n) cylinder, (adv) swiftly;
antonym (adj) considered, 4. express; synonyms (v)
exhibit, articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate,
display, mean, (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct,
especial, clear, exact, (n) denote; antonyms (v)
suppress, hide, (adj) vague, 5. rapid; synonyms (adj)
swift, winged, precipitous, precipitate, rash, volant,
instantaneous; antonym (adj) gradual.
hizmet 1. service; synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance,
avail, employment, ministration, ceremony,
business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve,
refit, assist, attendance, 2. duty; synonyms (n)
function, commitment, assignment, charge, chore,
obligation, dues, job, must, part, responsibility, tax,
work, post, custom.
hizmeti 1. maid; synonyms (n) amah, domestic, girl,
housemaid, maiden, virgin, maidservant, servant,
woman, 2. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, boy,
employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help,
henchman, minister, messenger, dependent, vassal,
slave, drudge, handmaiden, 3. domestic;
synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil, familiar,
household, internal, native, domesticated, family,
indigenous, indoor, inland, interior, (n) homely,
maid; antonyms (adj) foreign, wild, external, 4.
cockhorse, interest, pastime, pursuit,

entertainment, diversion, hobbyhorse, recreation,
sideline, activity.
hoca teacher (retmen); synonyms (n) instructor,
master, coach, preceptor, educator, mentor, tutor,
guide, missionary, trainer, adviser, counselor,
guru; antonym (n) student.
hol hall; synonyms (n) corridor, foyer, lobby, mansion,
vestibule, auditorium, anteroom, court, castle,
concourse, antechamber, atrium, dorm, dormitory,
(v) passage.
homoseksel homosexual; synonyms (adj) dykey, (n)
gay, lesbian, homo, dyke, human, man, queen.
hoparlr speaker; synonyms (n) loudspeaker,
narrator, orator, president, spokesman,
conversationalist, chairman, talker, utterer,
principal.
hortlak ghost (hayalet); synonyms (n) apparition,
shade, spirit, soul, spectre, spook, appearance,
manes, suggestion, shadow, touch, trace, (v)
specter, ghostwrite, haunt.
ho 1. pleasant; synonyms (adj) bright, acceptable,
agreeable, amiable, charming, jolly, kindly, nice,
facetious, affable, attractive, cheerful, clear,
comfortable, congenial; antonyms (adj) unpleasant,
disagreeable, disgusting, foul, gruesome, harsh,
horrible, nasty, repugnant, shocking, terrible,
unwelcome, appalling, discordant, frosty, 2.
lovely (gzel); synonyms (adj) fine, beautiful,
delightful, enchanting, handsome, lovable, alluring,
adorable, elegant, endearing, exquisite, fair,
gorgeous, graceful, gracious; antonyms (adj)
hideous, ugly, unattractive, 3. nice; synonyms (adj)
dainty, fastidious, good, kind, lovely, neat, likable,
delicious, correct, decent, delicate, difficult,
enjoyable, exact, particular, 4. enjoyable;
synonyms (adj) delectable, amusing, pleasant,
gratifying, pleasing, pleasurable, joyful, heavenly,
entertaining, palatable, satisfying, sweet, welcome,
wonderful, 5. sweet (tatl); synonyms (adj)
beloved, fresh, mellow, dear, melodious, musical,
sugary, fragrant, honeyed, luscious, odorous,
savory, aromatic, clean, (n) confection; antonyms
(adj) sour, acid, bitter, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty,
6. smooth (dz, dzgn); synonyms (adj) easy,
calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid,
glossy, greasy, liquid, (v) quiet, facilitate, even;
crumpled, flaking, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly,
ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, crease, 7.
pretty (gzel); synonyms (adv) very, fairly, quite,
rather, somewhat, moderately, slightly, (adj) goodlooking, picturesque, cute, smart, comely, bonny,
becoming, noble, 8. charming; synonyms (adj)
captivating, winning, appealing, bewitching,
fascinating, magic, magical, pretty, tempting,
help (imdat, yardm, yardm etmek);

synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease,
alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support,
assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v)
hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment.
hizmetilik service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help,
aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration,
hizmetli employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer,
hand, worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge,
labor, beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert,
craftsman, flunky; antonym (n) employer.
Turkish - English
wizard, magnetic, compelling, desirable, engaging,
enthralling; antonyms (adj) repellent, unappealing,
9. delicious; synonyms (adj) appetizing,
toothsome, grateful, juicy, scrumptious, succulent,
tasty, yummy; antonym (adj) tasteless, 10.
delightful; synonyms (adj) blissful, interesting,
blithe, glad, glorious, marvelous; antonym (adj)
hateful, 11. fine (gzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj)
brave, capital, excellent, thin, acute, admirable,
alright, choice, polite, stunning, superior, (n)
penalty, amercement, (v) punish, mulct; antonyms
(adj) poor, thick, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide,
12. winning; synonyms (v) seductive, (adj)
triumphant, victorious, fetching, taking, successful,
inviting, disarming, ingratiating, persuasive;
antonym (adv) losing, 13. well (iyi); synonyms
(adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully,
fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill,
badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous.
hobe chat (sohbet); synonyms (n) gossip, talk,
chatter, chitchat, conversation, causerie, confab,
gab, rap, (v) converse, chaffer, confabulate, prattle,
speak, tattle; antonym (v) listen.
hogeldiniz welcome (ho geldiniz); synonyms
(adj) acceptable, pleasant, agreeable, pleasing,
enjoyable, (v) accept, greet, invite, receive, hail,
entertain, (n) salute, hospitality, reception, embrace;
antonyms (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, (v) reject.
hogr tolerance; synonyms (n) endurance,
allowance, indulgence, leniency, patience, lenience,
margin, permissiveness, consideration, kindness,
leeway, forbearance, mercy, approval, permission;
antonyms (n) intolerance, narrow-mindedness,
bigotry, chauvinism, extremism.
holanma enjoyment; synonyms (n) delight,
pleasure, appreciation, gratification, comfort,
amusement, delectation, gusto, happiness, relish,
satisfaction, diversion, bliss, ecstasy, entertainment;
antonyms (n) boredom, dislike.
holanmak 1. enjoy (beenmek); synonyms (v)
appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess, relish,
delight, experience, like, love, own, rejoice, revel,
devour, take; antonym (v) dislike, 2. like
(beenmek, benzer, sevmek); synonyms (v)
comparable, same, parallel, similar, such;
antonyms (prep) unlike, (adj) different, 3. care;
synonyms (n) attention, bother, caution, concern,
aid, apprehension, custody, keep, maintenance,
worry, attendance, affection, (v) anxiety, charge,
administer; antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness,
rashness, thoughtlessness, (v) neglect, disregard.
honut 1. content (ierik); synonyms (n) capacity,
contentment, matter, meaning, subject, substance,
219
contentedness, (adj) contented, happy, fulfilled, (v)

appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight; antonyms
(adj) tormented, unhappy, discontented,
dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset, 2.
glad (memnun); synonyms (adj) cheerful, jubilant,
gay, blithe, content, delighted, festive, delightful,
bright, genial, willing, beaming, blissful, blessed,
proud; antonym (adj) sad, 3. pleased; synonyms
(adj) glad, elated, gratified, joyful, thankful,
appreciative, comfortable, overjoyed, satisfied,
grateful; antonyms (adj) displeased, angry,
annoyed, worried, 4. satisfied; synonyms (v)
convinced, (adj) full, pleased, certain, confident,
sure, complacent, persuaded, sated, satiated, easy,
positive, quenched; antonym (adj) frustrated.
honutluk 1. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n)
pleasure, amends, complacency, content,
enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement,
compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation,
(v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n)
dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation,
discontent, 2. content (ierik); synonyms (n)
capacity, matter, meaning, subject, substance,
contentedness, happiness, (adj) contented, happy,
fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, gratify;
antonyms (adj) tormented, unhappy, discontented,
dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) upset.
honutsuzluk dissatisfaction; synonyms (n)
contentment.
hoyrat rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard,
hcre 1. cell (gze); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre,
hole, cave, booth, chamber, compartment, coop,
cubicle, den, lair, recess, 2. hole (delik);
synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack, pocket,
breach, break, burrow, corner, depression, fix,
hollow, pit, vent, cavern, (adj) gap.
hcreli cellular; synonyms (adj) locular, multilocular,
polygastric, cellulated, cystic, organic, vascular,
ventricular, vesicular, spongious.
hcresel cellular; synonyms (adj) locular,
multilocular, polygastric, cellulated, cystic, organic,
vascular, ventricular, vesicular, spongious.
hcum 1. attack (hcum etmek, kriz, saldrmak);

synonyms (n) incursion, thrust, aggression, fit,
onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault, assail, attempt,
aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse; antonyms (n)
defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 2. aggression
(saldr); synonyms (n) hostility, offensive,
220
Turkish - English
aggressiveness, antagonism, attack, invasion,

offense; antonym (n) friendliness, 3. assault;
synonyms (n) rush, violence, rape, battery,
violation, storming, blitz, descent, (v) storm, violate,
ambush, batter, beat, force, hit, 4. offensive;
synonyms (adj) foul, disgusting, distasteful, abusive,
aggressive, loathsome, nauseous, coarse,
abominable, disagreeable, impertinent, insulting,
(v) odious, nasty, hateful; antonyms (adj)
complimentary, inoffensive, pleasant, defensive,
polite, tasteful, 5. charge; synonyms (n)
accusation, burden, care, command, commission,
bill, tax, accusal, demand, direction, (v) blame, bid,
load, arraign, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve,
6. onset; synonyms (n) beginning, inroad, birth,
commencement, dawn, onrush, outbreak, foray,
advent, opening, start, fire, oncoming, 7. rush;
synonyms (n) hurry, flood, flow, (v) dash, gush,
race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, quicken, jet,
(adj) burst, spurt, 8. push (itmek); synonyms (n)
press, jolt, poke, elbow, energy, (v) drive, impel,
crowd, jab, jostle, nudge, prod, jam, boost, fight;
antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul.
hudut 1. frontier; synonyms (n) border, boundary,
edge, line, bound, brink, limit, perimeter, stint,
backwoods, (adj) terminal, 2. boundary (snr);
synonyms (n) area, end, periphery, barrier, fringe,
frontier, margin, outskirts, rim, verge, bounds,
circuit, circumference, compass, division, 3.
border (kenar, snr); synonyms (n) extremity,
bed, brim, skirt, limits, rand, confine, edging, (v)
abut, adjoin, hem, surround, approach, butt,
enclose; antonyms (n) middle, (v) center.
hkmetmek 1. dominate; synonyms (v) command,
control, prevail, reign, rule, direct, manage,
overlook, possess, predominate, crush, domineer,
govern, hold, (adj) preponderate, 2. award;
synonyms (n) judgment, accolade, decoration,
medal, prize, (v) accord, grant, bestow, confer,
honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 3. rule
(kural); synonyms (n) order, decree, dominion,
law, ordinance, principle, regulate, authority,
dictate, government, line, precept, (v) influence,
dominate, measure.
hukuk law (kanun, yasa); synonyms (n) rule, canon,
decree, act, edict, regulation, enactment,
jurisprudence, justice, order, police, principle,
ruling, axiom, directive.
hukuku lawyer (avukat); synonyms (n) advocate,
attorney, agent, representative, advisor, leguleian,
beagle, brief, defender, fixer, mouthpiece,
pettifogger, proctor, shyster.
hukuki 1. judicial; synonyms (adj) forensic, judiciary,
legal, judicatory, dispassionate, lawful, juridic,
juridical, discriminative, judicious, 2. legal
(yasal); synonyms (adj) sound, valid,
constitutional, judicial, permissible, rightful, true,
correct, sanctioned, official, right, authentic, (v)

unlawful, bogus.
hkm 1. provision; synonyms (n) arrangement,
condition, clause, proviso, stock, article, board,
requirement, stipulation, store, maintenance, (v)
preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack,
2. award; synonyms (n) judgment, accolade,
decoration, medal, prize, (v) accord, grant, bestow,
confer, honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 3.
verdict; synonyms (n) finding, decision,
conclusion, determination, decree, resolution,
ruling, sentence, choice, 4. decree; synonyms (n)
command, act, edict, dictate, verdict, bylaw, (v)
order, award, decide, enact, ordain, rule, will,
enjoin, appoint, 5. operation (ameliyat,
operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement,
agency, effect, business, management, action,
function, functioning, performance, running,
mission, task, job, activity, 6. decision (karar);
synonyms (n) arbitration, constancy, agreement,
decisiveness, discrimination, finality, firmness,
resolve, result, (v) doom, 7. judgement; synonyms
(n) discretion, assessment, discernment, opinion,
belief, judging, mind, perspicacity, sagacity, 8.
ruling; synonyms (adj) leading, regnant, reigning,
prevailing, prevalent, dominant, supreme, first,
powerful, chief, (n) directive, judgement, law,
pronouncement, instruction, 9. sentence (tmce);
synonyms (n) condemnation, conviction, phrase,
penalty, punishment, dictum, (v) condemn, convict,
judge, damn, adjudge, saying, proscribe,
adjudicate, fate, 10. statute (kural, yasa);
synonyms (n) ordinance, constitution, charter,
canon, enactment, regulation, code, bill, pandect,
proclamation, 11. rule (kural); synonyms (n)
govern, dominion, principle, regulate, reign,
authority, government, line, precept, sway, (v)
control, influence, direct, dominate, measure.
hkmdar 1. ruler (cetvel); synonyms (n) master,
governor, monarch, leader, dynast, prince, chief,
head, director, controller, sheik, sovereign,
government, (adj) rule, regent, 2. lord (sahip);
synonyms (n) noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator,
gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord,
ruler, captain, impropriator, 3. prince (prens);
synonyms (n) potentate, duke, king, magnate.
hkmet 1. government (ynetim); synonyms (n)
administration, authority, control, direction,
command, dominion, governance, cabinet,
authorities, governing, guidance, (adj) empire, rule,
(v) conduct, management, 2. administration
(ynetim); synonyms (n) organization, running,
power, execution, executive, government,
leadership, reign, supervision, department,
application, incumbency, ministry, charge,
disposal.
Turkish - English
hner 1. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability,
clumsiness, inability, incompetence, 2. art (sanat);
synonyms (n) know-how, skill, talent, trick, artistry,
science, artfulness, trade, work, profession,
expertise, graphics, handicraft, knowledge, (adj)
cunning, 3. craft; synonyms (n) boat, guile, fraud,
shift, business, deceit, job, occupation, vessel,
calling, chicanery, craftiness, craftsmanship, (v)
construct, (adj) competence.
hr 1. free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr, serbest,

confine, block, cage, 2. independent (bamsz);
synonyms (adj) free, autonomous, separate,
substantive, impartial, nonpartisan, sovereign,
unallied, self-sufficient, detached, distinct,
individual, (n) freelance, mugwump, (adv) apart;
antonyms (adj) dependent, simultaneous.
hurda scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl,
antonym (v) keep.
hurma date (tarih); synonyms (n) age, appointment,
assignation, engagement, epoch, meeting, period,
era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort, determine,
register, accompany.
hrmet 1. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) attention,
concern, estimate, heed, attend, account, believe,
consider, count, hold, (n) notice, respect, esteem,
deference, look; antonym (n) disrespect, 2.
respect; synonyms (n) honor, homage, worship,
consideration, connection, obeisance, admiration,
(v) regard, observe, admire, appreciate, estimation,
keep, prize, reverence; antonyms (n) cheek,
insolence, impudence, (v) scorn, despise, dishonor,
disregard, humiliate.
hrmetler respects; synonyms (n) regards,
compliment, compliments, greeting, baisemains,
courtesies, deference, egards, kowtow, salutations,
(adj) abord, welcome.
hrriyet 1. freedom (zgrlk); synonyms (n)
exemption, autonomy, deliverance, discharge,
liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj) franchise, frankness;
antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity,
dependence, restraint, suppression, 2. liberty
(zgrlk); synonyms (n) freedom, license,
independence, leave, latitude, permission,
privilege, familiarity, permit, generosity,
impropriety, indecorum, irresponsibility, leisure,
221
(adj) liberality, 3. independence (bamszlk);

synonyms (n) independency, individuality,
detachment, neutrality, sovereignty,

inconsequence; antonym (n) childhood.
hsran frustration; synonyms (n) failure, defeat,
disappointment, letdown, vexation, setback, check,
disillusionment, anger, irritation, annoyance,
dissatisfaction, foiling.
husus 1. point (gstermek, nokta); synonyms (n)
place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree,
dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level, 2.
matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n)
event, affair, business, concern, issue, material,
substance, incident, body, import, interest, item,
subject, (v) case, count.
hviyet 1. identity (kimlik, zdelik); synonyms
(n) identicalness, unity, individuality, personality,
equivalence, 2. identification (kimlik);
synonyms (n) designation, finding, id, identity,
mark, naming, papers, remembering, badge,
recognition, denomination.
huy 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
modality, (v) humor, 2. temper; synonyms (n)
character, disposition, nature, condition, anger,
spirit, (v) moderate, soften, harden, mitigate,
modify, season, qualify, anneal, (adj) mollify;
antonyms (v) intensify, upset, 3. vein (damar);
synonyms (n) streak, vena, nervure, strain, mine,
stripe, tone, cast, style, fund, funicle, stock, (adj)
strip, 4. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind,
note, part, quality, role, type, brand, constitution,
description, eccentric, standing, atmosphere,
attitude, attribute, case, 5. blood (kan); synonyms
(n) ancestry, birth, gore, descent, family, kindred,
lineage, origin, beau, bloodshed, consanguinity,
coxcomb, exquisite, extraction, (adj) juice, 6.
kidney (bbrek); synonyms (n) class, variety,
feather, mettle, order, nephros, waiter, 7.
temperament; synonyms (n) personality,
composure, equanimity, calmness, heart,
inclination, modulation, morale.
huysuz 1. difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) arduous,
awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated,
delicate, fastidious, hard, knotty, uphill, finicky,
abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex;
antonyms (adj) easy, simple, straightforward, goodnatured, rewarding, clear, 2. vicious; synonyms
(adj) evil, bad, depraved, malicious, brutal, cruel,
malevolent, venomous, wicked, immoral, nasty,
barbarous, corrupt, poisonous, savage; antonyms
(adj) kind, gentle, friendly, 3. mean (demek
istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design,
imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, base, common,
hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average,
222
Turkish - English
contemptible, low; antonym (adj) generous, 4.

intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, bilk, (adj) crabbed,
crabby, angry, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky,
annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, goodtempered, 5. ugly (irkin); synonyms (adj)
disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome,
hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, offensive,
atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque,
horrible, monstrous; antonyms (adj) beautiful,
attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental.
huysuzluk bile (safra); synonyms (n) anger, gall,
ebullition, ferment, fume, pucker, fury,
indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness,
colera, dislike, hatred.
huzme beam (n, kiri); synonyms (n) blaze, glow,
ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air,
broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine.
hzn 1. gloom; synonyms (n) desolation, blackness,
dark, darkness, depression, dimness, dusk, cloud,
dreariness, dejection, despair, despondency, grief,
melancholy, misery; antonyms (n) light, brightness,
happiness, cheerfulness, 2. blues; synonyms (n)
doldrums, gloom, distress, sorrow, bleachers,
dismay, ennui, megrims, mood, woe, glumness,
(adj) melancholia, lachrymals, mumps, dismals, 3.
shadow (glge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail,
trace, hint, apparition, follower, phantom,
overshadow, track, 4. sadness; synonyms (n)
regret, mourning, affliction, gloominess,
unhappiness, bereavement, mournfulness, anguish,
heaviness, pity, pessimism, ruefulness; antonyms
(n) amusement, joy, laughter.
hznl sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal,
cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed.
huzur 1. peace (bar); synonyms (n) calm, harmony,
serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement, amity,
accord, composure, concord, coolness, heartsease,
order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise, chaos,
conflict, uproar, commotion, 2. ease (rahat);
synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid,
leisure, relief, satisfaction, alleviation, (v) alleviate,
assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth;
antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness,
formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 3. presence;
synonyms (n) appearance, front, attendance,
bearing, manner, mien, carriage, air, comportment,
figure, demeanor, company, aspect, look, (adj)
breeding; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance, 4.
comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace,
consolation, amenity, assistance, support, luxury,
pleasure, sympathy, (v) cheer, soothe, console,
encourage, pity, reassure, cherish; antonyms (n)
aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, 5. quiet

(sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify,
cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, placid, tranquil,
(v) appease, moderate, silence, easy, (n) compose,
peace; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative,
vociferous, active.
huzurlu peaceful; synonyms (adj) calm, gentle,
peaceable, quiet, even, meek, peace, placid, silent,
amicable, composed, halcyon, mild, serene,
tranquil; antonyms (adj) aggressive, noisy, tense,
violent.
huzursuz 1. restless; synonyms (adj) fidgety, nervous,
uneasy, unquiet, agitated, apprehensive, fretful,
impatient, restive, feverish, turbulent, jumpy,
disturbed, edgy, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) calm,
relaxed, 2. uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable,
restless, concerned, awkward, solicitous, jittery,
troubled, worried, embarrassing, clumsy, difficult,
doubtful, fearful, stiff, unsettled.
huzursuzluk 1. unrest; synonyms (n) turmoil,
agitation, disquiet, disorder, ferment, fermentation,
revolution, tumult, turbulence, commotion,
excitement, chaos, disturbance, restlessness, strife;
antonyms (n) calm, rest, 2. discomfort; synonyms
(n) pain, uneasiness, annoyance, anxiety, unease,
displeasure, distress, hurt, malaise, misery,
soreness, suffering, uncomfortableness,
awkwardness, dissatisfaction; antonyms (v) ease,
comfort.
huzurunda before (nce, nnde); synonyms (prep)
fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago,
behind, after, afterward.
I
iade 1. return (dnmek, dn); synonyms (n)
yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution,
proceeds, income, (v) recur, reimburse, render,
repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer;
antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation,
recovery, (v) keep, 2. restoration; synonyms (n)
reinstatement, renewal, renovation, revival,
regaining, repair, return, rejuvenation, recession,
recuperation, reform, regeneration, comeback,
improvement, (v) amends; antonym (n) reduction.
ibadet 1. worship (tapma, tapmak); synonyms (n)
adoration, respect, adulation, veneration, cult,
admiration, devotion, exaltation, homage, (v)
praise, honor, revere, reverence, adore, glorify;
antonym (v) hate, 2. service (hizmet); synonyms
(n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment,
ministration, ceremony, business, occupation,
office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance.
Turkish - English
ibik crest; synonyms (n) apex, crown, peak, summit,
top, brow, acme, pinnacle, height, hilltop, zenith,
upside, edge, (v) cap, climax.
ibne 1. gay; synonyms (adj) cheerful, bright, convivial,
festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave, buoyant, cheery,
festal, flashy, frolicsome, (n) homosexual, gallant, 2.
queen (kralie); synonyms (n) empress, king,
lady, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy,
queer, ace, ruler.
ibraz presentation; synonyms (n) donation,
exhibition, demonstration, display, introduction,
performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift,
exposure, induction, intro, overture, presentment.
ibre 1. needle (ine); synonyms (n) injection, pointer,
awl, plunger, probe, rudder, spike, (v) annoy, goad,
irritate, sting, rile, aggravate, gall, nag, 2. hand
(el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee,
paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit,
bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant.
ibret 1. example (rnek); synonyms (n) case,
exemplar, illustration, instance, lead, sample,
design, guide, model, paradigm, pattern,
precedent, prototype, archetype, piece, 2. lesson;
synonyms (n) exercise, example, instruction, class,
learning, message, moral, reading, sermon, study,
task, warning, contraindication, (v) rebuke, 3.
warning (ihtar, uyar); synonyms (n) notice,
advice, caution, indication, lesson, admonition,
caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm, counsel,
monition, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj)
encouraging.
ibriim twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl,
i 1. inner; synonyms (adj) internal, interior, central,
inside, inward, mental, middle, domestic, inland,
intimate; antonyms (adj) external, outer, 2.
internal; synonyms (adj) inner, home, national,
inherent, intrinsic, intestine, innermost, entrails,
familiar, local, secret; antonym (adj) foreign, 3.
inside; synonyms (adv) indoors, inwardly, within,
(n) center, stomach, bosom, contents, (adj) indoor,
private, privileged; antonyms (prep) outside, (n)
exterior, (adj) free, 4. inland; synonyms (adj) native,
inlandish, mediterraneous, 5. intrinsic; synonyms
(adj) immanent, inborn, constitutional, essential,
integral, intrinsical, peculiar, fundamental,
instinctive, innate, natural, real; antonym (adj)
extrinsic, 6. domestic; synonyms (adj) tame, civil,
household, domesticated, family, indigenous, (n)
homely, maid, servant, retainer, servitor; antonym
(adj) wild, 7. interior; synonyms (adj) midland,
upcountry, (n) core, heart, midst; antonyms (n)
shore, shoreline, 8. within (iinde); synonyms
223
(prep) into, (adv) in, internally, inly, (adj) inwards;
antonym (prep) beyond.

icap requirement (gereksinim); synonyms (n) need,
necessity, demand, essential, obligation,
prerequisite, provision, claim, clause, condition,
exigency, must, necessary, proviso, want; antonym
(n) option.
icat 1. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance,
excogitation, forgery, innovation, fable, creativity,
2. innovation; synonyms (n) change, alteration,
invention, mutation, novelty, variation, reform,
improvement, vicissitude, conversion, feature,
originality, 3. fiction (uydurma); synonyms (n)
falsehood, lie, story, falsity, figment, novel,
romance, sham, deceit, fib, legend, myth, narrative,
tale; antonym (n) truth.
iecek drink (imek); synonyms (n) beverage,
alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence,
intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib,
absorb, down, gulp.
ieri in; synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through,
at, inside, (adv) indoors, inward, (n) inch, (adj) stylish,
fashionable, inwards, trendy, within, modish;
antonyms (prep) out, outside.
ieride within (iinde); synonyms (prep) into, (adv)
inside, in, indoors, internally, inwardly, inly, (n)
interior, (adj) inwards; antonyms (prep) outside,
beyond.
ierik content; synonyms (n) capacity, contentment,
matter, meaning, subject, substance, contentedness,
(adj) contented, happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please,
satisfy, suffice, delight; antonyms (adj) tormented,
unhappy, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v)
discontent, upset.
ierisi inside (i); synonyms (adv) indoors, inwardly,
within, (n) interior, middle, center, stomach, bosom,
contents, (adj) inner, internal, indoor, inland,
inward, private; antonyms (prep) outside, (n)
exterior, (adj) free.
ieriye 1. in; synonyms (prep) during, between, by,
through, at, inside, (adv) indoors, inward, (n) inch,
(adj) stylish, fashionable, inwards, trendy, within,
modish; antonyms (prep) out, outside, 2. within
(iinde); synonyms (prep) into, (adv) in, internally,
inwardly, inly, (n) interior; antonym (prep) beyond.
ierleme resentment; synonyms (n) grudge, anger,
ierme implication; synonyms (n) allusion, hint,
significance, consequence, deduction, entailment,
import, innuendo, meaning, sense, suggestion,
purport, complicity, corollary, (adj) complication.
224
Turkish - English
iermek 1. include (kapsamak); synonyms (v) hold,

comprise, contain, embody, encompass, insert,
comprehend, embrace, implicate, involve, number,
add, admit, enclose, have; antonym (v) exclude, 2.
cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top,
bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding,
camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield;
antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover.
igd instinct; synonyms (n) intuition, impulse,
aptitude, urge, gift, feeling.
iin for (nk); synonyms (prep) because, behind, by,
per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering, since,
(adv) against, as, therefore, hence.
iinde 1. within; synonyms (prep) into, (adv) inside, in,
indoors, internally, inwardly, inly, (n) interior, (adj)
inwards; antonyms (prep) outside, beyond, 2. in;
synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through, at,
(adv) inward, (v) press, (n) inch, (adj) stylish,
fashionable, trendy, within, modish, popular;
antonym (prep) out, 3. included; synonyms (adj)
numbered, confined, inclosed, integrated, (adv)
under, 4. inside (i); synonyms (n) middle, center,
stomach, bosom, contents, (adj) inner, internal,
indoor, inland, private, privileged; antonyms (n)
exterior, (adj) free.
iindekiler contents; synonyms (n) substance, matter,
inside, list, synopsis, volume, cargo, conspectus.
iinden 1. through; synonyms (prep) for, per, along,
because, throughout, (adv) by, thorough, via, (adj)
finished, done, direct, straight, completed,
complete, (prf) past, 2. across; synonyms (prep)
athwart, cross, overthwart, (adv) over, crossways,
crosswise, (adj) crossed; antonym (adj) uncrossed.
iki drink (imek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol,
gulp.
ili sentimental (duygusal); synonyms (adj)
emotional, maudlin, mushy, romantic, tender,
mawkish, schmaltzy, soft, sappy, bathetic, loving,
mincing, nostalgic, schmalzy, slushy.
imek drink; synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew,
potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v)
draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp.
icra execution; synonyms (n) performance,
accomplishment, achievement, effect, enforcement,
implementation, action, discharge, executing,
doing, effectuation, administration, completion,
murder, act.
isel inherent; synonyms (adj) congenital, inborn,
inbred, intrinsic, essential, immanent, innate,
instinctive, native, born, constitutional,
fundamental, hereditary, inbuilt, internal; antonym
(adj) superficial.
iten true (doru, gerek); synonyms (adj) real,
actual, faithful, right, even, accurate, authentic,
correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, (v)

square, (n) genuine; antonyms (adj) false, bogus,
inaccurate, untrue.
itenlik warmth; synonyms (n) glow, heat,
temperature, fervor, geniality, passion, warmness,
affection, tenderness, fire, fondness, friendliness,
hotness, sympathy, (adj) verve; antonyms (n)
aloofness, chill, chilliness, coldness, coolness,
unfriendliness.
itenlikle 1. sincerely; synonyms (adv) simply, truly,
candidly, frankly, genuinely, honestly, really,
earnestly, openly, seriously, directly, faithfully,
heartily, ingenuously, unreservedly; antonyms (adv)
insincerely, dishonestly, 2. truly; synonyms (adv)
actually, sincerely, exactly, indeed, right, certainly,
precisely, very, legitimately, correctly, loyally,
absolutely, truthfully, authentically, awfully;
antonym (adv) falsely.
itepi impulse; synonyms (n) impetus, pulse, urge,
spur.
itima assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) gathering,
meeting, collection, congregation, convention,
fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber,
cluster, company, conclave, concourse, (v)
assemblage.
idam execution; synonyms (n) performance,
accomplishment, achievement, effect, enforcement,
implementation, action, discharge, executing,
doing, effectuation, administration, completion,
murder, act.
idare 1. management (ynetim); synonyms (n)
administration, conduct, guidance, command,
control, direction, government, handling,
leadership, charge, treatment, behavior, steerage,
(v) manage, (adj) executive, 2. administration
(hkmet, ynetim); synonyms (n) management,
organization, running, power, execution, reign,
rule, supervision, department, application,
incumbency, ministry, authority, disposal,
governance, 3. conduct; synonyms (n) demeanor,
lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer,
carriage, acquit, bearing, carry, comport, show,
accompany, bear, 4. control (denetim,
denetlemek, kontrol); synonyms (n) care, hold,
influence, sway, ascendancy, ascendency,
dominance, regulation, (v) check, curb, bridle,
handle, conquer, contain, order; antonyms (n)
freedom, weakness, (v) intensify, share, 5.
disposition; synonyms (n) bent, attitude,
character, tendency, arrangement, bias, inclination,
predisposition, propensity, aptitude, array,
constitution, distribution, heart, humor, 6.
manipulation; synonyms (n) use, intrigue, touch,
massage, 7. economy; synonyms (n) frugality,
Turkish - English
brevity, cut, (adj) system, disposition; antonym (n)
extravagance, 8. government (hkmet,
ynetim); synonyms (n) dominion, cabinet,
authorities, governing, politics, regime,
establishment, regimen, adjustment, bureaucracy,
dynasty, (adj) empire, public, national, 9.
supervision (gzetim); synonyms (n) oversight,
superintendence, custody, observation,
supervising, surveillance, watch, protection,
inadvertence, (v) inspection.
idareci 1. administrator (ynetici); synonyms (n)
executive, director, manager, boss, officer, official,
supervisor, governor, principal, ruler,
superintendent, 2. executive; synonyms (n)
administrator, administration, commissioner, head,
management, government, minister, (adj)
administrative, managerial, (v) authoritative, 3.
director (mdr, ynetici); synonyms (n)
commander, chief, chairman, coach, controller,
guide, leader, master, captain, inspector, instructor,
overseer, pilot, (v) conductor, direct, 4. conductor
(kondktr); synonyms (n) chauffeur, ringleader,
core, (v) guard; antonym (n) insulator, 5. manager
(mdr, ynetici); synonyms (n) handler,
superior, entrepreneur, owner, trainer; antonym (n)
underling.
idari 1. administrative; synonyms (adj)
departmental, official, managerial, authoritative, (v)
executive, 2. managerial; synonyms (adj)
administrative, professional, clerical,
governmental, office, organizational, secretarial.
iddia 1. assertion; synonyms (n) affirmation,
argument, statement, claim, allegation, avowal,
charge, contention, profession, testimony,
accusation, position, announcement, asseveration,
averment, 2. bet; synonyms (v) gamble, play, lay,
risk, venture, (n) wager, stake, stakes, 3.
contention (ekime); synonyms (n) competition,
argumentation, battle, conflict, assertion,
controversy, discord, arguing, difference, dispute,
opposition, quarrel, race, enmity, affray; antonym
(n) harmony, 4. claim (talep); synonyms (n) call,
privilege, right, title, application, (v) demand, ask,
assert, exact, arrogate, contend, need, require,
requisition, want; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim,
forfeit, 5. contest; synonyms (n) bout, fight,
altercation, struggle, debate, feud, game, match,
action, (v) compete, combat, argue, challenge, war,
clash, 6. argument (tartma); synonyms (n)
matter, proof, reason, hassle, brawl, disagreement,
discussion, justification, reasoning, subject, text,
topic, case, fighting, fuss; antonym (n) agreement.
ideal ideal; synonyms (adj) fanciful, perfect,
consummate, abstract, classic, imaginary, typical,
(n) model, paragon, example, apotheosis, archetype,
epitome, perfection, prototype.
225
ideoloji ideology; synonyms (n) philosophy, belief,

theory, opinion, approach, attitude, creed, method,
partisanship, policy, precept, principle, rule,
system, values.
idman 1. exercise (altrma); synonyms (n) practice,
use, exert, train, educate, 2. training (Eitim);
synonyms (n) education, instruction, breeding,
preparation, teaching, exercise, nurture, schooling,
experience, workout, culture, coaching, grooming,
3. practice; synonyms (n) fashion, convention,
habit, form, observance, performance, process, rule,
usage, work, behavior, (v) custom, act, rehearse, do.
idrak 1. consciousness (bilin); synonyms (n)
awareness, feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance,
mind, notion, knowledge, self; antonym (n)
unconsciousness, 2. perception (alg); synonyms
(n) apprehension, conception, idea, discernment,
image, observation, penetration, sensation, taste,
understanding, intuition, 3. comprehension;
synonyms (n) grasp, inclusion, intelligence, wit,
capacity, familiarity, appreciation, reason,
admission; antonyms (n) misunderstanding,
incomprehension.
idrar urine; synonyms (n) piss, pee, water, piddle,
weewee.
ifade 1. expression (anlatm, deyim); synonyms (n)
indication, language; antonym (n) repression, 2.
statement; synonyms (n) account, affirmation,
assertion, command, description, proposition,
enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, bill,
expression; antonym (n) denial, 3. utterance;
synonyms (n) pronunciation, speech, exclamation,
remark, statement, observation, speaking, tongue,
comment, emission, prolation, strain, 4.
declaration; synonyms (n) allegation, claim,
pronouncement, acknowledgment, admission,
decree, deposition, dictum, predication,
proclamation, intimation, annunciation, confession,
bid, contention, 5. evidence (kant); synonyms (n)
confirmation, mark, proof, data, attestation, sign,
certify, manifest, denote, establish, 6. strain;
synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion,
race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert,
extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax.
iflas 1. bankruptcy; synonyms (n) failure, insolvency,
smash, ruin, indebtedness, recession, closure,
depression, poverty, defalcation, default,
destituteness, disaster, exhaustion, indigence, 2.
226
Turkish - English
crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank, clatter,

fall, impact, slam, (v) bang, collapse, break, clang,
crack, dash, plunge, ram.
ifa disclosure; synonyms (n) discovery, exposure,
revelation, declaration, confession, announcement,
betrayal, divulgence, manifestation, publication,
admission, apocalypse, ascertainment.
iftihar pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast,
conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity,
humility, modesty.
iftira scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace,
dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy,
opprobrium, shame, obloquy; antonym (n) honor.
ine 1. needle; synonyms (n) injection, pointer, awl,
plunger, probe, rudder, spike, (v) annoy, goad,
irritate, sting, rile, aggravate, gall, nag, 2. pin;
synonyms (n) needle, nail, clip, peg, axle, brooch,
broach, nog, bolt, button, leg, (v) tack, clasp, fix,
fasten, 3. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, go, fling,
chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, guess.
iren 1. horrible (korkun); synonyms (adj)
abominable, atrocious, awful, fearful, frightful,
dire, dreadful, fearsome, formidable, ghastly,
grisly, appalling, cruel, dismal, (v) horrid;
antonyms (adj) pleasant, wonderful, lovely, nice, 2.
disgusting; synonyms (adj) detestable, disgustful,
distasteful, execrable, foul, loathsome, nasty,
odious, offensive, disagreeable, abhorrent, dirty,
hateful, horrible, noisome; antonyms (adj)
attractive, appealing, 3. ugly (irkin); synonyms
(adj) forbidding, gruesome, hideous, homely,
repulsive, surly, evil, deformed, despicable,
grotesque, monstrous, ominous, plain, shocking,
sinister; antonyms (adj) beautiful, good-looking,
flowing, ornamental, 4. dirty (kirli, pis);
synonyms (adj) dirt, contemptible, bawdy,
contaminated, dingy, impure, filthy, (v) muddy,
corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire,
pollute, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure,
spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 5. offensive;
synonyms (adj) disgusting, abusive, aggressive,
nauseous, coarse, impertinent, insulting,
objectionable, repugnant, indecent, fulsome, (n)
assault, attack, offense, (v) obnoxious; antonyms
(adj) complimentary, inoffensive, defensive, polite,
tasteful, 6. sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy,
ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased,
morbid, sickly, poor, crazy, disgusted, nauseated,
(v) unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy.
irendirmek 1. disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy,
attraction, love, (v) delight, attract, 2. revolt

(ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurrection,
uprising, revolution, repulsion, commotion, (v)
disgust, mutiny, rebellion, rebel, repel, offend,
repulse, appall, protest, rebellious.
irenme disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy,
ihale bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender,
attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v) ask, call, command,
invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct, instruct,
order.
ihbarname notice; synonyms (n) advertisement,
attention, declaration, information, mind, caution,
heed, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover,
ignore.
ihlal breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack,
ihmal 1. omission; synonyms (n) failure, error,
exclusion, fault, ellipsis, inadvertence, mistake,
neglect, oversight, flaw, default, deletion,
pretermission, slip, (adj) defect; antonyms (n)
inclusion, adherence, 2. negligence; synonyms (n)
carelessness, disregard, inattention, indifference,
heedlessness, neglectfulness, inattentiveness,
recklessness; antonym (n) attention, 3. neglect;
synonyms (n) slight, delinquency, negligence,
omission, abandonment, (v) fail, forget, ignore,
overlook, drop, omit, disdain, discount, pretermit,
escape; antonyms (n) development, surveillance, (v)
care, complete, do, protect.
ihra export (dsatm, ihra etmek); synonyms (n)
exportation, business, buying, exchange, retail, (v)
import, trade, smuggle, market, port, sell, ship,
ihracat export (dsatm, ihra etmek); synonyms
(n) exportation, business, buying, exchange, retail,
(v) import, trade, smuggle, market, port, sell, ship,
ihtar warning (uyar); synonyms (n) notice, advice,
caution, indication, example, lesson, admonition,
caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm, counsel, (adj)
monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj) encouraging.
ihtilaf controversy; synonyms (n) contention,
argumentation, argument, contest, altercation,
conflict, debate, difference, dispute, squabble, row,
competition, arguing, contestation, disagreement.
ihtilal revolution (devrim); synonyms (n) change,
gyration, insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt,
rotation, turn, alteration, cycle, coup, circle,
circulation, (v) circuit, (adj) disturbance.
Turkish - English
ihtimal 1. probability; synonyms (n) chance,
likelihood, odds, possibility, likeliness,
opportunity, expectation, eventuality, prospect,
contingency, expectancy, danger, outlook, chances,
verisimilitude, 2. prospect; synonyms (n) view,
anticipation, aspect, hope, lookout, perspective,
future, panorama, picture, probability, scene,
forecast, candidate, horizon, (v) explore; antonym
(n) past, 3. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, fortune,
venture, accident, break, fate, luck, random, (adj)
accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet, befall,
happen; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj)
deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan.
ihtiras 1. passion (tutku); synonyms (n) fury,
affection, feeling, fervor, fire, love, anger, craving,
desire, enthusiasm, heat, mania, rage, fondness, (v)
ardor; antonyms (n) apathy, indifference, 2.
ambition (tutku); synonyms (n) aspiration, aim,
purpose, target, wish, intention, design, eagerness,
longing.
ihtirasl 1. passionate; synonyms (adj) ardent, hot,
indifferent, mild, passionless, 2. ambitious
(tutkulu); synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult,
energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive,
ihtiam glory (an); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity,
boast.
ihtiya 1. need; synonyms (v) lack, claim, require,
requirement, absence; antonym (n) wealth, 2. want
(istemek); synonyms (v) need, like, hope, crave, (n)
poverty, wish, famine, dearth, penury, privation,
shortage, pauperism, defect, distress, ambition;
antonyms (v) dislike, hate, 3. requirement
(gereksinim); synonyms (n) essential, obligation,
prerequisite, provision, clause, condition, exigency,
necessary, proviso, precondition, qualification,
requisite, stipulation, command, duty; antonym (n)
option, 4. necessity (gereklilik); synonyms (n)
compulsion, emergency, constraint, occasion,
needfulness, pinch, pressure, crisis, essentiality,
fate, foredoom, (v) use, manner, 5. deprivation;
synonyms (n) bereavement, cost, loss, damage,
scarcity, disadvantage, hardship, neediness,
starvation.
ihtiyar 1. old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated,
obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly,
modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful, 2.
227
aged; synonyms (adj) old, senile, older, ripe, senior,

venerable.
ihtiyat 1. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness,
precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning,
admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection,
counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise;
antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness,
2. reserve (ayrmak); synonyms (n) backup,
friendliness, informality, warmth, 3. spare;
synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, slight,
additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager,
exempt, economize, excuse, (n) extra.
ihtiyatl 1. discreet; synonyms (adj) circumspect,
prudent, careful, cautious, chary, discerning,
tactful, wise, diplomatic, considerate, judicious,
modest, politic, sensible, thoughtful; antonyms (adj)
conspicuous, elaborate, tactless, careless, indiscreet,
2. cautious; synonyms (adj) conservative, guarded,
watchful, attentive, cagey, discreet, provident,
reserved, shy, wary, moderate, canny, sly, alert,
deliberate; antonyms (adj) rash, reckless,
impetuous, impulsive, open, incautious,
irresponsible, wasteful, 3. wary; synonyms (adj)
vigilant, suspicious, leery, distrustful, wakeful,
heedful, mistrustful, safe, mindful, scrupulous,
aware, cunning, frugal, (v) calculating, crafty;
antonyms (adj) unwary, trusting.
ikame substitution; synonyms (n) replacement,
exchange, change, substitute, interchange, shift,
permutation, switch, replacing, swap,
transposition.
ikamet stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain,
ikaz warning (ihtar, uyar); synonyms (n) notice,
advice, caution, indication, example, lesson,
admonition, caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm,
counsel, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj)
encouraging.
iki two; synonyms (n) deuce, pair, binary, demon,
devil, duality, (adj) tway.
ikil bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom,
drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred,
ikilem dilemma; synonyms (n) quandary, corner, fix,
jam, mess, predicament, problem, crisis, difficulty,
plight, doubt, scrape, riddle, (adj) embarrassment,
perplexity.
ikili 1. dual (ift); synonyms (adj) double, duplex,
duple, twin, twofold, doubled, bivalent, combined,
threefold, treble, bifold, binal, common,
cooperative, double-dip; antonyms (adj) individual,
228
Turkish - English
single, 2. double (ift, ifte); synonyms (adj)

duplicate, dual, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend,
geminate, plait, copy, crease, crinkle, (n) image,
match, mate, substitute, alternate.
ikinci 1. second (saniye); synonyms (n) instant,
moment, flash, jiffy, minute, sec, (v) back, endorse,
support, encourage, forward, help, (adj) latter,
further, (pron) additional; antonym (adj) first, 2.
secondary (ikincil); synonyms (adj) inferior,
lower, minor, subordinate, ancillary, derivative,
incidental, auxiliary, indirect, junior, second, less,
petty, deficient, (n) proxy; antonyms (adj) basic,
main, central, chief, direct, fundamental, major,
primary.
ikincil 1. secondary; synonyms (adj) inferior, lower,
minor, subordinate, ancillary, derivative,
primary, 2. minor (kk, nemsiz); synonyms
(adj) little, insignificant, lesser, small,
inconsequential, marginal, negligible, secondary,
slight, trivial, unimportant, humble, (n) child,
juvenile, youngster; antonyms (adj) important,
significant, leading, overriding, superseding,
serious, considerable, extensive, greater, senior.
ikincisi latter; synonyms (adj) ultimate, last, later,
terminal, final, following, posterior, recent, past,
eventual, concluding, last-mentioned; antonym (n)
former.
ikiyzl double (ift, ifte); synonyms (adj)
duplicate, dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold,
reduplicate, bend, geminate, plait, (n) twin, image,
match, mate, substitute, alternate; antonym (n)
single.
ikiz twin; synonyms (adj) dual, matching, identical,
similar, (n) match, counterpart, mate, pair, fellow,
parallel, (v) double, duplicate, equal, couple,
geminate.
iklim climate; synonyms (n) atmosphere, clime,
ambience, latitude, environment, milieu, mood,
weather.
ikmal supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n)
provision, hoard, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill,
store, feed, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver,
equip, give.
ikna persuasion; synonyms (n) belief, opinion, faith,
inducement, creed, exhortation, idea, enticement,
sentiment, suasion, view, mind, notion, judgment,
(adj) conviction; antonyms (n) force, pressure.
ikram treat; synonyms (v) handle, deal, manage,
process, heal, nurse, regale, operate, doctor, (n)
feast, administer, delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet.
ikramiye 1. bonus; synonyms (n) award,
compensation, premium, dividend, gift, gratuity,
perk, prize, reward, addition, benefit, payment,
perquisite, incentive, (adj) extra; antonym (n)
disadvantage, 2. premium (prim); synonyms (n)

bonus, agio, bounty, price, agiotage, (adj) superior;
antonym (adj) inferior, 3. prize; synonyms (n)
plunder, treasure, booty, loot, trophy, honour, (v)
appreciate, esteem, cherish, honor, value, admire,
pry, evaluate, (adj) choice.
ikrar confession; synonyms (n) avowal, admission,
acknowledgment, recognition, concession,
divulgence, disclosure, penance, profession,
apology; antonym (n) denial.
iktibas quotation; synonyms (n) citation, extract,
example, price, figure, instance, allusion, credit.
iktidar 1. power (g); synonyms (n) force, ability,
powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, 2. ability
(yetenek); synonyms (n) hand, aptitude,
cleverness, dexterity, power, talent,
accomplishment, bent, capability, competency,
expertise, flair, genius, gift, knowledge; antonyms
(n) inability, injury, 3. capability (yetenek);
synonyms (n) capableness, competence, potential,
qualification, aptness, efficiency, endowment,
potentiality, proficiency, skill, susceptibility,
adequacy; antonyms (n) failure, incapability.
iktisadi economic; synonyms (adj) commercial,
financial, profitable, efficient, economical, fiscal,
industrial, mercantile, pecuniary, trade, monetary,
bread-and-butter, budgetary, helpful, material.
iktisat economist; synonyms (n) cultivator,
husband, husbandman, tiller.
il province; synonyms (n) country, district, field,
county, land, domain, region, colony, duty, area,
function, line, sphere, territory, (v) department.
ila 1. remedy; synonyms (n) cure, redress, medicine,
drug, relief, antidote, curative, (v) heal, help,
amend, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor, 2.
drug; synonyms (n) anesthetic, medication,
prescription, remedy, sedative, stimulant, (v) dose,
medicate, potion, (adj) chaff, 3. medicine (tp);
synonyms (n) medicament, physic, therapy,
treatment, cathartic, preparation, 4. cure;
synonyms (n) salve, curing, healing, restorative,
solution, vulcanization, abbe, advowson, (v) treat,
pickle, preserve, restore, keep, mend, recover.
ilan 1. advertisement (reklam); synonyms (n)
announcement, declaration, ad, advert, advertising,
bill, circular, notice, publication, advertizement,
advertizing, placard, poster, 2. announcement
(duyuru); synonyms (n) annunciation,
advertisement, communication, proclamation,
promulgation, pronouncement, release, report,
statement, intimation, assertion, avowal, bulletin,
commercial, disclosure, 3. notice; synonyms (n)
attention, information, mind, caution, heed,
Turkish - English
message, observation, (v) note, look, attend, detect,
discover, distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v)
disregard, ignore, 4. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap);
synonyms (n) account, beak, card, invoice, receipt,
act, banknote, check, measure, program, reckoning,
score, (v) advertise, charge, list.
ilave 1. addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession,
removal, estimation, 2. additional; synonyms (adj)
added, supplementary, ancillary, another, further,
more, second, spare, increased, adscititious,
adventitious, auxiliary, complementary, else, (pron)
other; antonyms (adj) less, main, 3. supplement;
synonyms (n) accompaniment, addition, adjunct,
appendix, increment, continuation, appurtenance,
postscript, counterpart, codicil, (v) add, append,
affix, augment, accompany; antonym (v) diminish,
4. appendix (ek); synonym (v) supplement, 5.
extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd,
redundant, exceptional, unneeded, unused, (adv)
especially, above, besides, (n) excess, plus,
supernumerary, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms
(adj) basic, (n) lack.
ilaveten extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd,
ile district (blge); synonyms (n) area, quarter,
region, community, neighborhood, territory,
circuit, county, field, jurisdiction, province, section,
domain, (adj) local, (v) zone.
ile 1. with; synonyms (prep) by, for, alongside, among,
plus, (adv) on, beside, (adj) including, (n) withe, 2.
and (ve); synonyms (conj) with, (adv) also,
additionally, (adj) more, 3. by (tarafndan);
synonyms (prep) at, of, about, per, (adv) aside, away,
past, through, apart, along, beyond, via, (adj) over.
ileri 1. advanced (gelimi); synonyms (adj)
(adj) conservative, old-fashioned, inferior, 2.
forward (gndermek); synonyms (adv) onward,
fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious, advanced,
early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance, expedite,
promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch; antonyms (adv)
backward, (adj) shy, posterior, 3. fast (hzl, oru);
synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched,
fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk,
(adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj)
sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v)
gorge, (n) binge, 4. onwards; synonyms (adv)
forwards, forrader, forth, before, frontward,
229
frontwards, beforehand, forrad, forrard, (adj)

beyond, elapsed, forgotten, gone, 5. ahead;
synonyms (adv) formerly, previously, on, onwards,
winning, (adj) front, (n) lead; antonym (adv) behind.
ilerici progressive; synonyms (adj) advanced,
forward, gradual, active, radical, consecutive,
modern, revolutionary, positive, alphabetical,
avant-garde, broad, broad-minded, (n) liberal,
imperfect; antonyms (adj) old-fashioned,
ileride ahead; synonyms (adv) before, beforehand,
front, (n) lead; antonyms (adv) behind, late.
ileriye forward (gndermek, ileri); synonyms (adv)
advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance,
expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch;
antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior.
ilerleme 1. advance (avans, ilerlemek,

regress, 2. advancement (terfi); synonyms (n)
advance, promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth,
cultivation, development, elevation, progression,
profit, betterment, exaltation, gain, headway,
movement, 3. progress; synonyms (n) course,
advancement, increase, passage, process, evolution,
(v) continue, go, move, grow, improve, pass,
prosper, way, thrive; antonym (n) decline, 4.
improvement; synonyms (n) amelioration,
correction, amendment, repair, adjustment,
enhancement, revision, melioration, upturn,
benefit, emendation, innovation, mending,
modification, recuperation; antonym (n)
downgrade, 5. gain (kazan); synonyms (v)
acquire, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win,
achieve, make, reach, find, accomplish, (n) earnings,
acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss.
ilerlemek 1. advance (avans, ilerleme,

regress, 2. move (hareket, tanmak); synonyms
(v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate,
maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion,
drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 3. progress;
synonyms (n) headway, furtherance, betterment,
gain, course, advancement, development, growth,
increase, movement, (v) advance, continue, move,
grow, improve; antonym (n) decline, 4. gain
(kazan); synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive,
230
Turkish - English
attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, make, reach,

(n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage;
antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 5. proceed; synonyms
(v) pass, originate, ensue, run, extend, arise,
emanate, happen, issue, operate, result, stem,
elapse, fare, do.
ilerlemi advanced (gelimi, ileri); synonyms (adj)
(adj) conservative, old-fashioned, inferior.
ilerletmek 1. advance (avans, ilerleme,

ilerlemek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement,
regress, 2. improve; synonyms (v) advance, heal,
emend, help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform,
gain, educate, better, enhance, mend, perfect,
restore; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, spoil.
ilerleyen progressive (ilerici); synonyms (adj)
advanced, forward, gradual, active, radical,
consecutive, modern, revolutionary, positive,
alphabetical, avant-garde, broad, broad-minded, (n)
liberal, imperfect; antonyms (adj) old-fashioned,
ileti message (mesaj); synonyms (n) communication,
meaning, information, errand, letter, mission,
dispatch, lesson, note, significance, statement,
word, direction, memorandum, advice.
iletim transmission; synonyms (n) circulation,
transmitting.
iletiim communication; synonyms (n)
intercourse, letter, message, news, notice, report,
tidings, word.
iletken conductor (kondktr); synonyms (n)
leader, chief, director, chauffeur, commander,
manager, pilot, ringleader, core, (v) guard, guide;
antonym (n) insulator.
iletme transmission; synonyms (n) circulation,
transmitting.
iletmek 1. conduct; synonyms (n) behavior,
administration, manage, demeanor, lead,
performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer,
carriage, acquit, bearing, carry, comport, 2.
forward (gndermek, ileri); synonyms (adv)
advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance,
expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch;

antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior.
ilgi 1. reference (referans); synonyms (n) citation,
mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing,
connection, recommendation, innuendo,
refer, 2. interest (faiz); synonyms (n) advantage,
affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness,
enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care, benefit, appeal,
affect, (adj) claim; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy,
(v) bore, 3. relation (iliki); synonyms (n)
narration, recital, affinity, association, description,
regard, rehearsal, kin, bond, narrative, reference,
relationship, relative, (v) report, rapport, 4.
involvement; synonyms (n) entanglement,
interest, implication, inclusion, engagement,
complicity, part, participation, affaire, amour,
intimacy; antonym (n) disconnection, 5. attention
(dikkat); synonyms (n) mind, aid, alertness,
consideration, heed, notice, attentiveness, caution,
concentration, deliberation, diligence, ear, nursing,
observation, precision; antonyms (n) inattention,
neglect, 6. affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy,
analogy, alliance, kindred, propinquity, relation,
semblance, penchant, agreement, attachment,
conformity, consanguinity, inclination, kinship,
likeness, 7. care; synonyms (n) attention, bother,
apprehension, custody, keep, maintenance, worry,
attendance, affection, burden, fear, guard, (v)
anxiety, charge, administer; antonyms (n)
carelessness, recklessness, rashness,
thoughtlessness, (v) disregard, 8. bearing
(kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor,
appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct,
deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim,
behavior, comportment, 9. concern; synonyms (n)
business, matter, company, disquiet, firm, thought,
uneasiness, (v) trouble, import, involve, pertain,
relate, touch, apply, deal; antonym (v) unconcern,
10. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix,
accessory, addition, adherence, appendage,
devotion, fitting, fondness, liking, link, love, tie,
annex, addendum, fastener; antonym (n)
detachment.
ilgilendirmek 1. concern; synonyms (n) business,
affair, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter,
company, apprehension, burden, (v) worry, affect,
care, interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern, 2.
interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern,
advantage, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness,
enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, benefit, appeal,
fascinate, occupy, (adj) claim; antonyms (n)
indifference, apathy, (v) bore.
ilgilenme attendance; synonyms (n) presence,
attending, audience, turnout, hearing, tendance,
attendancy, bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment,
Turkish - English
assemblage, assembly, congregation, draw;
antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance.
ilgilenmek deal (anlama); synonyms (n) bargain,
buy, agreement, arrangement, covenant, trade, (v)
administer, allot, apportion, conduct, contract,
cope, distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n)
purchase.
ilgili 1. concerned; synonyms (adj) anxious, careful,
interested, involved, thoughtful, apprehensive,
considerate, nervous, solicitous, worried, affected,
attentive, caring, fearful, troubled; antonyms (adj)
unconcerned, uncaring, unfeeling, 2. involved;
synonyms (adj) complex, intricate, complicated,
convoluted, tortuous, confused, difficult, elaborate,
engaged, entangled, knotty, obscure, tangled,
knotted, implied; antonyms (adj) simple, aloof,
detached, straightforward, 3. interested;
synonyms (adj) concerned, curious, inquiring,
inquisitive, keen; antonyms (adj) apathetic,
uninterested, 4. connected; synonyms (v) related,
(adj) associated, affiliated, allied, attached, linked,
committed; antonyms (adj) unconnected, unrelated,
separate, 5. related; synonyms (adj) germane,
kindred, cognate, relevant, similar, akin, collateral,
connected, consanguineous, pertinent, like, near,
analogous, appropriate, attendant.
ilgin interesting; synonyms (adj) entertaining,
absorbing, amusing, attractive, charming,
engaging, exciting, fascinating, readable, diverting,
appealing, engrossing, gripping, captivating,
provocative; antonyms (adj) uninteresting, boring,
dull.
ilgisiz 1. indifferent (kaytsz); synonyms (adj)
apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive,
eager, energetic, involved, surprised, 2. careless;
synonyms (adj) inconsiderate, cursory, forgetful,
haphazard, inattentive, insouciant, reckless, hasty,
imprudent, inadvertent, incautious, lax, listless, (v)
heedless, (adv) thoughtless; antonyms (adj) careful,
cautious, prudent, attentive, diligent, meticulous,
thorough, thoughtful, guarded, methodical, strict,
wary, 3. irrelevant; synonyms (adj) inappropriate,
extraneous, inapplicable, insignificant, impertinent,
inapposite, inconsequential, trivial, unimportant,
unrelated, unsuitable, petty, minor, pointless,
trifling; antonyms (adj) relevant, admissible.
ilgisizlik indifference; synonyms (n) apathy,
detachment, disregard, impassiveness, aloofness,
disinterest, impassivity, neglect, neutrality,
nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism, coolness, (adj)
coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n) dedication,
eagerness, fervor, interest, passion, compassion,
favorite, sympathy.
231
ilham inspiration; synonyms (n) afflatus, infusion,

breath, encouragement, idea, incentive, inhalation,
revelation, genius, notion, aspiration, enthusiasm,
impulse, (v) illumination, impression.
ilim 1. learning; synonyms (n) erudition, acquisition,
education, enlightenment, culture, scholarship,
wisdom, acquirement, edification, letter, literature,
lore, reading, (v) knowledge, instruction, 2.
science (bilim); synonyms (n) learning, skill, (adj)
art.
ilinti correlation; synonyms (n) association,
connection, relationship, bond, correspondence,
iliki 1. relation; synonyms (n) connection, account,
narration, recital, affinity, association, description,
regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond, narrative,
reference, (v) report, 2. affair (i, mesele);
synonyms (n) matter, business, concern, event, job,
occasion, occurrence, amour, duty, happening,
incident, issue, party, subject, theme, 3. bond
(ba, bono); synonyms (n) tie, alliance, deed,
agreement, cement, attachment, bail, joint, link,
adhesion, chain, (v) bind, band, adhere, attach, 4.
connection (ba, balant); synonyms (n)
communication, concatenation, affiliation,
conjunction, knot, combination, coherence,
coupling, intercourse, acquaintance, connectedness,
connecter, connective, contact, fitting; antonym (n)
disconnection, 5. contact (temas); synonyms (n)
touch, collision, impact, tangency, interaction,
juxtaposition, access, (v) call, meet, adjoin,
communicate, reach, butt, join, abut, 6.
relationship; synonyms (n) relation, ratio,
consanguinity, correlation, friendship, kindred,
kinship, proportion, rapport, brotherhood, affair,
dependency, relations, union, descent.
ilikin corresponding; synonyms (adj) congruent,
comparable, equal, same, similar, commensurate,
consonant, alike, analogous, correspondent,
equivalent, like, matching, parallel,
complementary; antonym (adj) different.
ilk 1. initial; synonyms (adj) beginning, first,
elementary, incipient, foremost, preliminary,
primary, rudimentary, commencing, early,
introductory, leading, opening, original, (v) sign, 2.
first (birinci); synonyms (adv) before, rather, (adj)
best, chief, primitive, former, forward, head, initial,
maiden, premier, principal, top, front, (n)
commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, (n) end,
3. preliminary; synonyms (adj) prefatory,
inaugural, preparatory, proemial, (n) prelude,
preface, prelim, introduction, overture, 4.
elementary (temel); synonyms (adj) basic,
fundamental, simple, basal, easy, elemental,
essential, artless, straightforward, underlying, 5.
early (erken); synonyms (adj) prompt, young,
232
Turkish - English
quick, embryonic, matutinal, old, past, precocious,

premature, prime, primeval, primordial, (adv)
betimes, soon, earlier; antonyms (adj) delayed, lastminute, slow, (adv) late, 6. prime; synonyms (adj)
main, paramount, excellent, exquisite, overriding,
grand, capital, central, (n) cardinal, flower, bloom,
blossom, cream, (v) ground, coach; antonym (adj)
minor.
ilkbahar spring (bahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap,
ilke principle; synonyms (n) origin, fundamental,
method, rule, cause, doctrine, ground, basis,
dogma, element, essence, law, precept, reason,
tenet.
ilkel 1. primitive; synonyms (adj) primeval, primary,
antediluvian, archaic, crude, early, first, original,
aboriginal, ancient, antiquated, basic, primal,
primordial, radical; antonym (adj) modern, 2.
elementary (temel); synonyms (adj) fundamental,
primitive, simple, basal, easy, elemental, essential,
introductory, rudimentary, preliminary, artless,
initial, straightforward, underlying.
illegal illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden,
ilmek loop (dng); synonyms (n) coil, ring, bight,
circuit, eyelet, eye, kink, noose, round, (v) curve,
bend, circle, curl, entwine, knot.
ilmi scientific (bilimsel); synonyms (adj) technical,
mathematical, exact, punctual, accurate, artistic,
objective, shipshape, learned, precise, scientifical,
analytical, clinical, detached, disinterested;
antonym (adj) theoretical.
ilmik 1. loop (dng); synonyms (n) coil, ring, bight,
circuit, eyelet, eye, kink, noose, round, (v) curve,
bend, circle, curl, entwine, knot, 2. stitch;
synonyms (n) twinge, pang, cramp, (v) sew, seam,
baste, crick, embroider, suture, tack, articulation,
commissure, gore, gusset, (adj) tie; antonym (v)
unpick.
iltica asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary,
retreat, cover, harbor, protection.
iltihaplanmak matter (konu, madde, mesele);

synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue,
material, substance, incident, article, body, import,
interest, item, (v) case, count.
iltimas 1. pull (ekme, ekmek); synonyms (v) drag,
antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. favour; synonyms (v)
favor, choose, prefer, privilege.
im 1. sign (alamet, iaret); synonyms (n) signal,

wave, (v) gesture, indicate, 2. mark; synonyms (n)
evidence, score, character, heed, impression, sign,
feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize,
distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. signal
(iaret); synonyms (n) flag, alarm, salient, note, (v)
alert, betoken, foreshadow, guide, beckon, (adj)
conspicuous, memorable, notable, prominent,
remarkable, outstanding.
ima 1. hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) clue, intimation,
suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling,
imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone, 2.
implication; synonyms (n) hint, significance,
consequence, deduction, entailment, import,
innuendo, meaning, sense, purport, complicity,
corollary, effect, indication, (adj) complication, 3.
suggestion (neri); synonyms (n) advice,
proposal, counsel, proposition, recommendation,
sign, insinuation, offer, plan, prompting, motion,
overture, advance, guidance, pointer, 4. reference
(ilgi, referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention,
quotation, quote, bearing, connection, annotation,
character, concern, consultation, denotation, (v) cite,
refer, note, regard.
imaj image (grnt, resim); synonyms (n) figure,
icon, (v) depict, envision.
imal 1. production (retim); synonyms (n) output,
generation, product, manufacturing, performance,
creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication,
fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v)
exhibition, 2. manufacture; synonyms (n)
construction, production, industry, assembly, (v)
construct, make, frame, fabricate, build, contrive,
invent, form, forge, concoct, create.
imalat manufacture; synonyms (n) construction,
fabrication, formation, production, creation, (v)
construct, make, frame, fabricate, produce, build,
contrive, invent, form, forge.
imalathane 1. factory (fabrika); synonyms (n)
manufactory, mill, plant, business, shop, works, 2.
mill; synonyms (n) grind, factory, grinder,
machine, engine, gin, notch, implement,
instrument, lathe, (v) crush, pulverize, spar, (adj)
cent.
iman 1. faith (gven); synonyms (n) confidence,
belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance,
creed, cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation,
fidelity, hope, piety; antonym (n) unbelief, 2.
religion (din); synonyms (n) faith, denomination,
sect, church, devotion, holiness, persuasion, 3.
belief (inan); synonyms (n) assumption, doctrine,
feeling, idea, impression, opinion, supposition,
thought, view, dogma, guess, hypothesis,
judgment, notion, (v) mind; antonym (n) disbelief.
Turkish - English
imbik still; synonyms (adv) however, but,
fizzy, windy, (n) noisy.
imdat help (yardm, yardm etmek); synonyms (v)
aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate,
contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant,
cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder,
worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment.
imge image (grnt, resim); synonyms (n) figure,
imgelem imagination (hayal gc); synonyms (n)
fantasy, fancy, vision, dream, conceit, imagery,
invention, originality, caprice, conception, idea,
imaginativeness, inventiveness, notion, reflection;
antonym (n) reality.
imha destruction; synonyms (n) death, collapse, ruin,
abolition, damage, demolition, desolation,
devastation, downfall, end, bane, depredation,
disaster, (v) defeat, doom; antonyms (n)
construction, creation, preservation, protection,
conservation, formation, reparation.
imitasyon imitation (taklit); synonyms (n)
counterfeit, dummy, sham, copy, forgery, mockery,
duplicate, mock, (adj) fake, bogus, false, artificial,
ersatz, phony, (v) parody; antonyms (n) original,
(adj) genuine, real.
imla spelling (yazm); synonym (n) orthography.
imlemek 1. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence,
score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign,
feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish,
grade, label, (adj) notice, 2. indicate (gstermek);
synonyms (v) denote, direct, augur, betoken,
designate, imply, mark, show, foretell, foreshadow,
argue, bespeak, bode, demonstrate, evince.
imleyici marker; synonyms (n) brand, mark, label,
token, pointer, sign, signpost, tag, buoy, pen, ticket.
imparator emperor; synonyms (n) sovereign,
monarch, ruler, imperator, king, judge, majesty,
potentate, president, protector, stadholder, crown,
commander, queen.
imparatorluk empire; synonyms (n) dominion,
kingdom, rule, domain, realm, reign, authority,
nation, control, sway, command, government,
monarchy, principality, state.
imtiyaz 1. concession (dn); synonyms (n)
admission, compliance, allowance, compromise,
discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding,
license, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment,
abatement, assent, 2. franchise; synonyms (n)
exemption, liberty, freedom, immunity, privilege,
suffrage, vote, absolution, dispensation, patent,
permit, release, dealership, excuse, exoneration, 3.
privilege (ayrcalk); synonyms (n) prerogative,
233
franchise, concession, claim, due, perquisite, right,

empower, exception, indulgence, power,
entitlement, perk, (v) favor, favour.
imza signature; synonyms (n) autograph, mark,
endorsement, earmark, ratification, stamp,
acceptance, completion, imprint, indorsement,
scale, seal, serif, shank, (v) sign.
imzalamak sign (alamet, im, iaret); synonyms (n)
signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand,
emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster,
presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate.
imzasz anonymous (anonim); synonyms (adj)
in hole (delik); synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack,
den, pocket, breach, break, burrow, cave, corner,
depression, fix, hollow, lair, (adj) gap.
inan 1. belief; synonyms (n) faith, assumption,
confidence, doctrine, feeling, idea, impression,
opinion, supposition, thought, trust, view,
conviction, credence, credit; antonyms (n) disbelief,
unbelief, 2. faith (gven); synonyms (n) belief,
assurance, creed, cult, allegiance, dependence,
expectation, fidelity, hope, piety, reliance, religion,
church, denomination, constancy, 3. persuasion
(ikna); synonyms (n) inducement, exhortation,
enticement, sentiment, suasion, mind, notion,
judgment, attraction, incentive; antonyms (n) force,
pressure, 4. conviction; synonyms (n) certainty,
condemnation, persuasion, firmness,
determination, security, sentence; antonym (n)
uncertainty, 5. creed; synonyms (n) gospel, credo,
credenda.
inandrc persuasive; synonyms (adj) convincing,
forcible, cogent, eloquent, forceful, compelling,
strong, suasive, effective, influential, potent,
attractive, fluent, hortatory, impressive; antonyms
(adj) unconvincing, weak, halfhearted.
inandrma persuasion (ikna); synonyms (n) belief,
opinion, faith, inducement, creed, exhortation, idea,
enticement, sentiment, suasion, view, mind, notion,
judgment, (adj) conviction; antonyms (n) force,
pressure.
inandrmak 1. persuade; synonyms (v) convince,
inveigle, allure, assure, cajole, coax, entice, induce,
influence, argue, exhort, lure, incite, get, tempt;
antonyms (v) discourage, dissuade, 2. assure
(temin etmek); synonyms (v) guarantee, certify,
secure, affirm, ascertain, ensure, persuade,
promise, reassure, satisfy, vouch, confirm, cover,
insure, (n) warrant, 3. satisfy (memnun etmek);
synonyms (v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet,
sate, satiate, appease, answer, assuage, delight,
234
Turkish - English
execute, fulfill, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v)

dissatisfy, disappoint, displease, intensify.
inanlmaz incredible; synonyms (adj) astonishing,
improbable, inconceivable, extraordinary, fabulous,
implausible, marvelous, unbelievable, fantastic,
preposterous, unlikely, wonderful, absurd,
amazing, bizarre; antonym (adj) ordinary.
inanmak 1. believe; synonyms (v) think, accredit,
assume, conceive, consider, guess, reckon,
understand, accept, expect, hope, imagine,
suppose, (n) belief, trust; antonyms (v) disbelieve,
distrust, 2. buy (almak, satn almak); synonyms
(v) acquire, bribe, take, shop, believe, get, admit,
attain, corrupt, hold, obtain, (n) bargain, purchase,
acquisition, deal; antonym (v) sell, 3. trust;
synonyms (n) charge, confidence, credit, faith,
reliance, rely, assurance, cartel, responsibility,
dependence, care, office, combine, (v) confide,
commend; antonyms (v) doubt, mistrust.
inat 1. persistent; synonyms (adj) durable, constant,
continual, insistent, lasting, obstinate, permanent,
continuous, chronic, consistent, dogged, firm,
incessant, perpetual, relentless; antonyms (adj)
contained, occasional, 2. difficult (zor);
synonyms (adj) arduous, awkward, demanding,
burdensome, complicated, delicate, fastidious,
hard, knotty, uphill, finicky, abstruse, ambitious,
cantankerous, complex; antonyms (adj) easy,
simple, straightforward, good-natured, rewarding,
clear.
in inch; synonyms (n) in, (v) edge, crawl, creep, ease.
ince 1. thin; synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean, light,
slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim, sparse,
(v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms (adj)
thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide,
broad, heavy, (v) thicken, 2. fine (gzel, iyi);
synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave,
capital, elegant, excellent, nice, thin, delightful,
acute, admirable, alright, (n) penalty, (v) punish;
antonyms (adj) poor, coarse, substantial,
unsatisfactory, 3. nice; synonyms (adj) beautiful,
fastidious, good, kind, lovely, neat, likable,
delicious, correct, decent, difficult, enjoyable, exact,
particular, precise; antonyms (adj) unpleasant,
horrible, 4. slender; synonyms (adj) narrow, little,
lithe, faint, feeble, lissom, scanty, skinny, exiguous,
minute, graceful, lissome, remote, (v) lank, scant;
antonym (adj) stocky, 5. subtle; synonyms (adj)
sharp, astute, elusive, exquisite, insidious, sly,
discerning, cunning, ingenious, refined, ethereal, (v)
shrewd, crafty, sagacious, dexterous; antonyms
(adj) obvious, loud, 6. delicate; synonyms (adj)
accurate, breakable, fragile, tender, brittle, frail,
sensitive, soft, infirm, careful, gentle, mellow,
polite, sickly, ticklish; antonyms (adj) strong,
inelegant, robust, sturdy, tough, 7. fragile;
synonyms (adj) weak, frangible, insubstantial,
shaky, puny, brash, short; antonyms (adj)

unbreakable, permanent, 8. slim (zayflamak);
synonyms (adj) small, spare, taper, trim, trivial,
outside, (v) reduce, slenderize, cut, wily, diet;
antonym (adj) hefty, 9. slight; synonyms (adj) petty,
easy, paltry, shallow, few, (n) scorn, disdain, rebuff,
contempt, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore,
affront, offend; antonyms (adj) considerable, major,
intense, severe, thickset.
inceleme 1. study; synonyms (n) survey,
consideration, investigation, learning, (v) consider,
examine, review, learn, research, check, analyze,
contemplate, inquire, investigate, meditate, 2.
investigation (aratrma); synonyms (n)
examination, analysis, inquest, inquiry, inspection,
scrutiny, search, exploration, investigating, study,
trial, audit, interrogation, hunt, experiment, 3.
observation (gzlem); synonyms (n) comment,
observance, remark, attention, notice,
contemplation, conception, perception, reflection,
idea, notion, insight, commentary, (v) note, heed, 4.
examination (muayene); synonyms (n) exam,
test, testing, appraisal, evaluation, interview,
observation, quiz, challenge, discussion,
consultation, dissection, assay, (adj) examen, (v)
visit.
incelemek 1. research (aratrma, aratrmak);

synonyms (n) exploration, inquiry, search,
examination, investigation, hunt, inquisition,
probe, quest, (v) check, explore, examine,
investigate, study, experiment, 2. study;
synonyms (n) survey, consideration, learning,
meditation, (v) consider, review, learn, research,
analyze, contemplate, inquire, meditate, ponder,
scan, scrutinize, 3. examine; synonyms (v) assay,
audit, overhaul, try, control, ascertain, ask,
compare, canvass, essay, quiz, test, view, appraise,
collate, 4. analyse (analiz etmek); synonyms (v)
dissect, psychoanalyse, psychoanalyze, canvas,
collapse, crumble, crumple, crush, die, fail, go, poll,
read, snap, (n) analyser, 5. investigate
(aratrmak); synonyms (v) inspect, enquire,
interrogate, delve, dig, question, reconnoiter, seek,
sound, 6. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate,
mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 7. view
(bak, bakmak, grnm, manzara);

synonyms (n) sight, judgment, opinion, scene, idea,
outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, notion, position,
(v) regard, observe, see, eye.
incelik 1. courtesy (nezaket); synonyms (n) civility,
propriety, chivalry, comity, decency, gallantry,
politeness, attention, breeding, etiquette, affability,
consideration, courteousness, graciousness, (adj)
complaisance; antonyms (n) rudeness, discourtesy,
2. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,
Turkish - English
cultivate.
incelmek 1. slim (zayflamak); synonyms (adj)
slender, narrow, slight, thin, lean, remote, fine,
skinny, flimsy, lithe, meager, light, (v) reduce,
slenderize, cut; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, hefty,
plump, stocky, wide, 2. thin (ince); synonyms (adj)
gaunt, tenuous, emaciated, rare, slim, sparse, bony,
delicate, feeble, gossamer, (v) dilute, sheer, subtle,
scanty, adulterate; antonyms (adj) thick,
concentrated, chubby, broad, (v) thicken.
inceltmek thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt,
lean, light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare,
slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer;
antonyms (adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby,
plump, wide, broad, heavy, (v) thicken.
incir fig; synonyms (n) figure, anatomy, bod, build,
chassis, design, digit, foutra, flesh, image, name,
number, (adj) pin, straw, rush.
incitmek 1. harm; synonyms (n) evil, hurt, detriment,
bruise, wound, disadvantage, injury, disservice, (v)
damage, abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison,
ravage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 2. cut
(kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip,
abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop,
fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow;
extension, 3. hurt; synonyms (v) pain, afflict, ail,
cost, anguish, cut, grieve, offend, sting, (adj) upset,
(n) harm, ache, distress, lesion, agony; antonyms (v)
encourage, (adj) uninjured, unhurt, 4. wound;
synonyms (n) scratch, sore, lacerate, abrasion,
graze, laceration, (v) stab, insult, affront, contuse,
pierce, slash, break, torture, pique.
indeks index (dizin); synonyms (n) catalogue,
exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll,
directory, subscript, enumeration, indication,
indicator, indices, mark, (v) list.
indikatr indicator (gsterge); synonyms (n) gauge,
index, indication, arrow, indicant, pointer,
signpost, sign, signal, symbol.
indirgeme reduction; synonyms (n) contraction,
rise.
indirim 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop,
extension, 2. discount; synonyms (n) deduction,
rebate, allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v)
reduce, disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct,
depreciate, cut, dismiss, reject, 3. reduction;
235
synonyms (n) contraction, decrement, diminution,

cutback, decline, depreciation, discount, lessening,
reducing, degradation, conversion, abatement,
abridgement, concession, curtailment; antonyms (n)
growth, intensification, strengthening, expansion,
restoration, rise.
indirmek 1. lower; synonyms (adj) debase, inferior, (v)
degrade, diminish, frown, humble, dip, abase, cut,
descend, drop, scowl, disgrace, decrease, (n)
depress; antonyms (v) increase, raise, 2. reduce;
synonyms (v) lower, pare, abbreviate, curtail, abate,
condense, contract, shorten, concentrate, compress,
conquer, detract, dilute, (adj) abridge, lessen;
antonyms (v) bolster, expand, enlarge, exacerbate,
intensify.
inek cow; synonyms (v) bully, intimidate, awe,
browbeat, daunt, terrorize, discourage, frighten,
overawe, threaten, abash.
infilak explosion (patlama); synonyms (n) burst,
blast, boom, detonation, eruption, bang,
fulmination, outbreak, outburst, rush, (v) discharge,
salvo, firing, (adj) paroxysm, blow.
ini 1. descent; synonyms (n) ancestry, decline, birth,
fall, blood, declension, declination, declivity,
derivation, drop, extraction, family, lineage, origin,
pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement, 2.
landing; synonyms (n) land, dock, touchdown,
floor, platform, arrival, brow, approach, coming,
dais, decking, harbor, model, plan, plat, 3. drop;
synonyms (v) decrease, deposit, dribble, droop,
abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb,
jump, shed, sink, (n) collapse; antonyms (v) rise,
increase, lift, (n) growth.
inme 1. stroke (vuru); synonyms (n) touch, beat,
knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 2.
descent (ini); synonyms (n) ancestry, decline,
birth, fall, blood, declension, declination, declivity,
derivation, drop, extraction, family, lineage, origin,
pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement.
inmek 1. fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)
ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. light
(ak, hafif, k); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile,
easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v)
fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount;
antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark,
darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish,
darken, (alt sp) heavy.
ina construction; synonyms (n) building,
fabrication, formation, structure, assembly, fabric,
constitution, creation, edifice, make, making;
236
Turkish - English
inaat 1. construction; synonyms (n) building,
intibak adaptation (uyarlama); synonyms (n)
fabrication, formation, structure, assembly, fabric,

constitution, creation, edifice, make, making;
antonym (n) destruction, 2. building (bina);
synonyms (n) architecture, establishment,
construction, house, mansion, (v) pile, (adj)
augmentative, augmenting.
inaat builder; synonyms (n) architect, constructor,
founder, artificer, creator, developer, maker,
manufacturer, artist, engineer.
insaf mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion,
blame.
insafsz ruthless; synonyms (adj) merciless, pitiless,
inhuman, remorseless, cruel, heartless, ferocious,
brutal, grim, harsh, inexorable, relentless,
unsparing, barbarous, bitter; antonyms (adj)
merciful, charitable, kind, gentle.
insafszlk injustice (adaletsizlik); synonyms (n)
inequity, iniquity, evil, unfairness, wrong, bigotry,
crime, grievance, inequality, oppression, prejudice,
inallah hopefully; synonyms (adv) auspiciously,
favorably, positively, anxiously, brightly,
cheerfully, confidently, eagerly, encouragingly,
excitedly, keenly, nicely, sanguinely, well;
antonyms (adv) hopelessly, wearily.
insan 1. man (adam, erkek); synonyms (n) fellow,
woman, 2. humanity; synonyms (n) benevolence,
compassion, flesh, kindness, gentleness, man,
mercy, mortality, sympathy, world, civilization,
(adj) clemency, charity, benignity, goodness;
antonym (n) cruelty, 3. human; synonyms (adj)
humane, corporeal, earthly, worldly, carnal, (n) gay,
party, body, life, being, someone, soul,
homosexual, (adv) fleshly.
insani human; synonyms (adj) humane, corporeal,
earthly, worldly, (n) mortal, man, person, homo,
gay, party, body, life, being, individual, (adv)
fleshly.
insanlar people (halk); synonyms (n) nation,
community, family, folk, multitude, populace, clan,
mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, (v) inhabit, occupy,
reside, dwell.
insanlk 1. humanity; synonyms (n) benevolence,
compassion, flesh, kindness, mankind, human,
gentleness, humankind, man, mercy, mortality,
sympathy, (adj) clemency, charity, benignity;
antonym (n) cruelty, 2. mankind; synonyms (n)
humanity, world, humans, people.
accommodation, adjustment, alteration, version,

reworking, adaption, conversion, fitness,
modification, variation.
intikal transition (gei); synonyms (n) change,
passage, transit, alteration, changeover, conversion,
modulation.
intikam revenge; synonyms (n) reprisal, retaliation,
retribution, vengeance, grudge, payback,
punishment, revengement, (v) avenge, retaliate,
repay, requite, vindicate, punish.
inziva retirement; synonyms (n) retreat, resignation,
departure, privacy, seclusion, secrecy, withdrawal,
recession, solitude, cancellation.
ip 1. string (dizi, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file,
rope; synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat, noose,
hawser, leash, string, tape, lace, tether, wire, gibbet,
gallows, margin, (v) bind, 3. cord (kordon);
synonyms (n) band, bond, rope, whipcord, yarn,
fiber, corduroy, twist, cotton, (v) knot, 4. line
(izgi, hat); synonyms (n) house, breed, course,
family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary,
crease, stock, trace, way, (v) order, wrinkle.
ipek silk; synonyms (adj) silky, down, velure, velvet.
ipekli silk (ipek); synonyms (adj) silky, down, velure,
velvet.
iplik 1. yarn; synonyms (n) narrative, story, tale,
thread, anecdote, narration, twine, string, fable,
fiction, history, relation, legend, line, strand, 2.
thread; synonyms (n) yarn, rope, wire, cord, fiber,
plot, (v) file, range, penetrate, lace, pass, run,
meander, permeate, (adj) rank, 3. strand;
synonyms (n) coast, shore, chain, filament, bank,
wisp, fibril, scar, (v) beach, maroon, desert,
abandon.
ipotek mortgage; synonyms (n) gage, plight,
warranty, credit, loan, (v) bond, pawn, pledge,
impawn.
iptal 1. abolition; synonyms (n) abolishment,
annulment, destruction, ending, annihilation,
cancellation, eradication, repeal; antonym (n)
reinstatement, 2. withdrawal; synonyms (n)
removal, retirement, retreat, secession, departure,
defection, desertion, recession, backdown,
retraction, recall, exit, exodus, extraction, (v)
subtraction.
ipucu 1. hint; synonyms (n) clue, intimation,
suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling,
imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone, 2. clue;
synonyms (n) clew, hint, sign, signal, guide, token,
evidence, indication, key, pointer, information.
irade 1. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise,
wish, leave, (n) volition, command, desire,
Turkish - English
mind, courage, liking, 2. freedom (zgrlk);
synonyms (n) exemption, autonomy, deliverance,
discharge, emancipation, immunity, release,
escape, ease, liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj)
franchise, frankness; antonyms (n) imprisonment,
restriction, captivity, dependence, restraint,
suppression.
iri 1. big (byk); synonyms (adj) ample, major,
heavy, important, significant, thick, sturdy,
generous, adult, bad, burly, considerable, great,
hefty, (adv) large; antonyms (adj) little, puny, (adv)
small, (syn) tiny, 2. large (byk, geni);
synonyms (adj) big, extensive, broad, bulky,
handsome, high, abundant, capacious, gross, huge,
roomy, stout, fat, bountiful, colossal; antonyms (adj)
cramped, insignificant.
irin matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n)
iris iris; synonyms (n) diaphragm, flag, pupil,
rainbow, comet, peacock, tulip, white, ensign,
flagstone, gladiola, gladiolus, retina, spectrum,
sunbow.
irkilme start (balamak, balang, balatmak);

conclusion.
irkilmek start (balamak, balang, balatmak);

conclusion.
irrasyonel irrational; synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd,
inconsistent, silly, blind, illogical, preposterous,
senseless, unreasonable, imprudent, unsound,
insane, thoughtless, nonsensical, ridiculous;
antonyms (adj) rational, logical.
irtibat 1. liaison; synonyms (n) connection, amour,
affair, bond, intrigue, affaire, contact, association,
connexion, relation, link, relationship, romance, tie,
intimacy, 2. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch,
collision, communication, impact, tangency,
acquaintance, interaction, juxtaposition, (v) call,
meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, 3.
communication (iletiim); synonyms (n)
conversation, discourse, epistle, intercourse, letter,
message, news, notice, report, tidings, word,
expression.
irtica reaction (reaksiyon, tepki, tepkime);

synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply,
237
effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort,

feeling.
irtifa 1. height (doruk, ykseklik, zirve);

synonyms (n) acme, apex, altitude, crest,
culmination, peak, pinnacle, top, climax, degree,
elevation, eminence, grade, high, level; antonym (n)
shortness, 2. gradient; synonyms (n) slope, pitch,
tilt, declivity, hill, inclination, incline, rise, slant,
abruptness, descent, ramp, (v) acclivity, ascent.
i 1. job; synonyms (n) chore, employment, position,
work, assignment, business, career, duty, matter,
occupation, post, task, concern, function, labor, 2.
affair (mesele); synonyms (n) event, job, occasion,
occurrence, amour, happening, incident, issue,
party, subject, theme, thing, topic, transaction,
meeting, 3. deed; synonyms (n) accomplishment,
achievement, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit,
title, agency, 4. action (etki, eylem, hareket);
synonyms (n) battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight,
movement, performance, play, case, lawsuit,
measure, move, plot, process, (v) combat; antonyms
(n) inaction, inactivity, 5. work (alma,
almak); synonyms (n) exercise, book,
composition, service, (v) operate, toil, cultivate,
ferment, form, manipulate, operation, run, serve,
use, (adj) trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 6.
occupation (igal); synonyms (n) occupancy,
craft, calling, place, affair, conquest, line,
profession, vocation, avocation, capture, invasion,
office, pursuit, game; antonym (n) surrender, 7.
business; synonyms (n) corporation, deal, affairs,
commerce, dealings, finance, firm, house,
organization, traffic, question, custom, obligation,
company, (adj) commercial; antonyms (adj)
charitable, housing, 8. operation (ameliyat,
operasyon); synonyms (n) execution,
management, functioning, running, mission, force,
manipulation, operations, procedure, mechanism,
administration, treatment, campaign, undertaking,
exploitation, 9. act (davranmak, hareket, rol
yapmak); synonyms (n) statute, decree, do, law,
edict, (v) behave, go, perform, acquit, enact, feign,
pretend, commit, conduct, fake; antonym (v)
refrain, 10. employment; synonyms (n) berth,
utilization, appointment, consumption, exertion,
hiring, purpose, station, usage, betrothal, booking,
(v) application, employ, dealing, (adj) occupational;
antonym (n) unemployment, 11. task (grev);
synonyms (n) charge, commission, enterprise,
project, stint, problem, lesson, responsibility,
agendum, load, (v) tax, exact, impose, practice,
strain, 12. profession; synonyms (n) confession,
declaration, affirmation, assertion, assurance,
avowal, testimony, allegation, skill, admission,
walk, acknowledgment, art, claim, statement, 13.
appointment (atama, randevu); synonyms (n)
238
Turkish - English
date, designation, fitting, rendezvous, conference,

election, assignation, encounter, naming, selection,
allotment, appointee, 14. labour; synonyms (n)
childbed, confinement, proletariat, (v) grind, travail,
drive, drudge, fag, fatigue, moil, push, tug, dig, 15.
dealing; synonyms (n) exchange, distribution,
handling, barter, 16. function (fonksiyon,
ilev); synonyms (n) role, part, ceremony,
authority, department, gathering, observance,
ordinance, power, province, usefulness, (v) suffice,
control, officiate, ply, 17. assignment; synonyms
(n) allocation, assigning, apportionment,
consignment, transfer, conveyance, delivery,
errand, grant, 18. concern; synonyms (n) regard,
attention, anxiety, bother, apprehension, burden,
disquiet, fear, (v) worry, affect, care, interest,
trouble, import, involve; antonym (v) unconcern,
19. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board,
delegation, mandate, warrant, committee,
commissioning, commitment, (v) assign, accredit,
designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, empower,
nominate, 20. matter (konu, madde, mesele);
synonyms (n) material, substance, article, body,
item, instance, consequence, content, difficulty,
gist, stuff, text, cause, (v) count, weigh.
isabet 1. hit (vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain,
belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock,
bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision;
antonyms (n) failure, flop, 2. incidence; synonyms
(n) occurrence, commonness, incidency,
pervasiveness, attack, bout, event, existence,
popularity, regularity, spell.
iaret 1. sign (alamet, im); synonyms (n) signal,
wave, (v) gesture, indicate, 2. signal; synonyms (n)
sign, flag, alarm, salient, note, (v) alert, betoken,
foreshadow, guide, (adj) conspicuous, memorable,
notable, prominent, remarkable, outstanding, 3.
indication; synonyms (n) clue, evidence, index,
designation, direction, forerunner, herald,
harbinger, hint, reference, cue, allusion, inkling,
intimation, prognostic, 4. marker; synonyms (n)
label, token, pointer, signpost, tag, buoy, pen,
ticket, 5. index (dizin, indeks); synonyms (n)
catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger,
roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indicator,
indices, record, register, (v) list, 6. mark; synonyms
(n) score, character, heed, impression, feature,
badge, check, line, (v) blemish, characterize,
distinguish, grade, differentiate, mind, (adj) notice,
7. hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) suggestion, trace,
implication, innuendo, insinuation, lead, point,
shade, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude, imply,
(adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone, 8. trace (iz,
izlemek); synonyms (n) shadow, spot, trail, bit,
drop, footprint, relic, remains, (v) track, hunt,
pursue, describe, draw, follow, outline, 9. score;

synonyms (n) bill, count, scratch, groove, scotch,
account, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, gain, get,
hit, make.
iaretlemek mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence,
score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign,
feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish,
grade, label, (adj) notice.
iaretli marked; synonyms (adj) distinct, conspicuous,
noticeable, pronounced, remarkable, distinguished,
apparent, definite, notable, obvious, signal,
striking, strong, clear, appreciable; antonyms (adj)
plain, unblemished.
ibirlii 1. collaboration; synonyms (n) assistance,
coaction, cooperation, alliance, concert, help,
quislingism, aid, assist, association, affiliation,
backing, coincidence, complicity, defense, 2.
cooperation; synonyms (n) concurrence,
teamwork, partnership; antonyms (n)
stubbornness, competition, confrontation, rivalry.
ii 1. employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer, hand,
worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge, labor,
beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert, craftsman,
flunky; antonym (n) employer, 2. worker;
synonyms (n) employee, proletarian, workman,
actor, doer, help, operator, practitioner, prole.
ise if (eer); synonyms (conj) provided, although,
providing, whether, though, and, so, an, gin, (n)
but, conditionally, condition, stipulation, proviso,
(adv) peradventure.
igal occupation; synonyms (n) employment,
occupancy, business, craft, calling, job, place, affair,
career, conquest, function, line, profession,
vocation, (v) trade; antonym (n) surrender.
ishal diarrhoea; synonyms (n) diarrhea, flux.
isim 1. name (ad); synonyms (n) call, title, epithet,
address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize, describe,
cite, designate, entitle, enumerate, identify, list,
mention, 2. noun; synonyms (v) expression, term,
3. substantive; synonyms (adj) real, essential,
meaty, significant, material, actual, strong, crucial,
hearty, indispensable, satisfying, (n) noun,
substantial, name, reality, 4. title; synonyms (n)
designation, caption, claim, denomination, interest,
championship, heading, pretension, rubric, deed,
prize, subtitle, (v) style, (adj) right, ownership, 5.
record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayt, plak);

synonyms (n) register, account, book, disk,
document, history, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note,
report, score, inscribe, mark, enrol.
isimsiz anonymous (anonim); synonyms (adj)
Turkish - English
iitme hearing; synonyms (n) audition, earshot, ear,
trial, consultation, sound, reach, examination,
inquiry, interview, listening, earreach, (adj)
audience, auditory; antonym (adj) deaf.
iitmek hear (duymak); synonyms (v) attend,
discover, apprehend, understand, catch, examine,
learn, listen, overhear, see, try, find, get,
comprehend, gather.
iitsel audio; synonyms (n) sound, television, channel,
phone, (adj) auditory, aural, acoustic, hearing.
iskandil 1. sounding; synonyms (adj) audible,
looking, hollow, sonant, voiceful, intonated,
soniferous, tonic, (n) investigation, depth, test, 2.
lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct,
contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go,
govern, bring, convey, give, (n) clue, advantage;
antonym (v) follow.
iskele 1. landing (ini); synonyms (n) land, dock,
touchdown, floor, platform, arrival, brow,
approach, coming, dais, decking, harbor, model,
plan, plat, 2. port (liman); synonyms (n) haven,
asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing,
deportment, embrasure, gate, harbour, interface,
refuge, (adj) larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard.
iskelet 1. framework; synonyms (n) frame, fabric,
framing, chassis, form, shell, architecture, carcass,
grating, rack, setting, skeleton, structure, anatomy,
building, 2. skeleton; synonyms (n) framework,
sketch, bones, body, outline, scaffold, cadaver,
corpse, plan, summary, build, physique, corse,
ruins, (v) draft, 3. frame (ereve); synonyms (n)
design, border, fashion, formation, stand, box, (v)
construct, fabricate, erect, make, forge, constitute,
contrive, shape, create.
iskemle 1. chair (sandalye); synonyms (n) chairman,
bench, chairperson, president, throne, couch,
chairwoman, professorship, shop, (v) moderate,
conduct, lead, 2. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n)
place, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks,
chair, position, post, posterior, rear, (v) locate, put,
contain, hold.
ikence 1. torture; synonyms (n) torment, distress,
pain, agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief,
misery, (v) rack, afflict, agonize, excruciate,
persecute, martyr, 2. cruelty; synonyms (n)
brutality, barbarity, cruelness, oppression,
ferociousness, ferocity, harshness, mercilessness,
ruthlessness, tyranny, violence, sadism, barbarism,
abuse, fierceness; antonyms (n) compassion,
kindness, friendliness, gentleness.
ikil suspicion (phe); synonyms (n) apprehension,
distrust, mistrust, inkling, fear, hunch, misgiving,
qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation,
hint, intuition, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust,
certainty.
iskonto discount; synonyms (n) deduction, rebate,
allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v) reduce,
239
disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct, depreciate, cut,

dismiss, reject; antonym (v) increase.
ilek 1. busy (megul); synonyms (adj) active, brisk,
free, inactive, 2. running; synonyms (adj) flowing,
moving, consecutive, fluid, (n) course, motion,
administration, operation, run, performance,
handling.
ilem 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon);

job, 2. process (sre); synonyms (n) operation,
proceeding, method, procedure, course, formula,
outgrowth, means, mode, practice, writ, (v) refine,
litigate, treat, work, 3. processing; synonyms (n)
working, refinement, developing, manufacture,
dispensation, conversion, 4. bargain; synonyms
(n) contract, agreement, covenant, deal, treaty,
arrangement, buy, chaffer, compact, promise,
purchase, steal, (v) exchange, agree, (adj) cheap;
antonym (n) rip-off.
ilemci processor; synonyms (n) mainframe, butcher,
computer, laptop, notebook, workstation, machine,
supercomputer.
ileme processing; synonyms (n) working,
refinement, developing, manufacture, dispensation,
conversion.
ilemek 1. function (fonksiyon, ilev); synonyms
(n) position, office, place, role, service, work,
agency, application, duty, employment, (v) act,
exercise, run, serve, go, 2. operate (iletmek);
synonyms (v) function, direct, employ, handle,
manage, move, perform, proceed, maneuver, fly,
behave, control, do, drive, engage, 3. work
(alma, almak, i); synonyms (n) business,
task, action, book, composition, (v) labor, operate,
toil, cultivate, exploit, ferment, form, manipulate,
(adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 4.
commit; synonyms (v) commend, assign, charge,
consign, apply, confide, dedicate, entrust, submit,
deliver, devote, give, intrust, leave, send, 5. run
(altrmak, komak); synonyms (v) flow, rule,
dash, gush, race, career, conduct, hasten, hurry,
pour, progress, (n) pass, campaign, course, (adj)
stream, 6. process (sre); synonyms (n)
operation, proceeding, method, procedure,
formula, outgrowth, means, mode, practice, writ,
order, (v) refine, litigate, treat, parade.
ilenmemi 1. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude,
fresh, immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green,
piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement,
inexperienced, naked; antonyms (adj) refined,
cooked, 2. crude (kaba); synonyms (adj) clumsy,
240
Turkish - English
raw, rough, rude, barbarous, primitive, uncouth,

vulgar, barbarian, abrupt, churlish, earthy, gross,
impolite, indecent; antonym (adj) sophisticated.
iletme 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon);

job, 2. exploitation; synonyms (n) abuse,
development, misuse, employment, operation, use,
using, ventilation, plunder, achievement,
consumption, corruption, cruelty, damage,
defacement.
iletmeci operator (operatr); synonyms (n) driver,
hustler, manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor,
employee, clerk, businessperson, captain, financier,
floozie, floozy, hooker.
iletmek 1. operate; synonyms (v) act, function, run,
direct, employ, go, handle, manage, move,
perform, proceed, work, maneuver, exercise, fly, 2.
exploit; synonyms (v) apply, use, abuse, harness,
prey, utilize, capitalize, (n) deed, achievement, feat,
accomplishment, action, adventure, effort,
performance, 3. work (alma, almak, i);
synonyms (n) business, employment, task, book,
composition, (v) labor, operate, toil, cultivate,
exploit, ferment, form, manipulate, (adj) job, trade;
antonyms (v) idle, malfunction.
iletmen operator (operatr); synonyms (n) driver,
ilev function (fonksiyon); synonyms (n) position,
office, place, role, service, work, agency,
application, duty, employment, (v) act, exercise,
run, serve, go.
ilevsel functional; synonyms (adj) practical, effective,
handy, operational, operative, working,
serviceable, official, operable, running, useful;
antonyms (adj) nonfunctional, useless.
ileyen 1. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n)
departure, exit, leaving, parting, disappearance,
expiration, action, passing, (adj) running, working,
2. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing,
operative, continual, functioning, moving,
consecutive, live, fluid, (n) motion, administration,
operation, run, performance, handling.
ilik workshop (atlye); synonyms (n) shop, factory,
practicum.
ispat 1. proof (kant); synonyms (n) confirmation,
essay, criterion, establishment, 2. evidence
(kant); synonyms (n) mark, proof, data,
attestation, testimony, clue, deposition, (v) display,
demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, denote,

establish, exhibit.
ispirto spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage,
ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition,
energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom,
(adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body.
israf waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage,
trash, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume,
exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction,
devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save.
isiz unemployed; synonyms (adj) idle, vacant, free,
inactive, unexercised, (v) unoccupied; antonyms
(adj) employed, working.
isizlik unemployment; synonyms (n) idleness,
depression, leisure, recession, redundancy;
antonym (n) employment.
itah 1. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen,
appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept,
brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take,
tolerate, (adj) digest, 2. appetite; synonyms (n)
desire, appetence, appetency, relish, craving, gusto,
liking, passion, stomach, taste, thirst, want,
appetition, fondness, (v) demand; antonym (n)
dislike.
istasyon station (durak); synonyms (n) rank,
position, seat, standing, base, depot, (v) place,
locate, post, stand, lay, order, put, set, site.
istatistik statistics; synonyms (n) data, census, score,
information, list, table, facts, records.
ite there (orada); synonyms (adv) here, thither,
present, thereat, apparent, convenient, visible, (adj)
adept, competent, expert, professional, reliable,
skillful, trustworthy, unfailing.
istek 1. request; synonyms (n) petition, bid, prayer,
application, claim, (v) demand, ask, invite, order,
pray, appeal, beg, call, desire, entreat; antonym (v)
command, 2. disposition; synonyms (n) bent,
attitude, character, disposal, tendency,
arrangement, bias, inclination, predisposition,
propensity, direction, aptitude, array, constitution,
distribution, 3. desire (arzu, arzu etmek);
synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, wish,
craving, dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek,
want, aim, choose, crave; antonyms (n) aversion,
reality, (v) dislike, hate, 4. will (arzu); synonyms
(v) bequeath, devise, leave, shall, (n) volition,
determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind,
courage, liking, purpose, testament, choice, 5.
wish (arzu); synonyms (v) like, please, care,
prefer, intend, mean, trust, favor, (n) need, longing,
request, urge, plan, thirst, goal, 6. stomach
(mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly,
breadbasket, maw, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear,
endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest, 7.
claim (talep); synonyms (n) charge, allegation,
privilege, right, title, (v) assert, exact, arrogate,
Turkish - English
contend, require, requisition, pretend, argue,
challenge, affirm; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim,
forfeit, 8. demand; synonyms (n) requirement,
sale, press, necessity, pretension, tax, exigency,
plea, (v) expect, involve, necessitate, clamor, force,
assess, apply; antonym (v) supply, 9. mind (akl);
synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, intelligence,
psyche, regard, mentality, conscience, (v) look,
attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed;
antonym (v) forget, 10. appetite; synonyms (n)
appetence, appetency, relish, gusto, passion,
stomach, taste, appetition, fondness, hunger, lust,
penchant, zest, 11. want (istemek); synonyms (n)
lack, poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine,
absence, dearth, destitution, indigence, penury,
privation, shortage, pauperism, defect, distress.
istekli 1. willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable, disposed,
ready, spontaneous, voluntary, amenable, inclined,
obliging, content, desirous, game; antonyms (adj)
unwilling, reluctant, 2. cheerful; synonyms (adj)
buoyant, breezy, blithe, bright, carefree, glad,
merry, optimistic, pleasant, airy, animated, brisk,
chipper, comfortable, contented; antonyms (adj)
depressed, gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected,
depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose,
somber, unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, dull, 3.
applicant; synonyms (n) petitioner, aspirant,
candidate, applier, contender, contestant, solicitor,
hopeful, 4. intent (ama, niyet); synonyms (adj)
attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n)
aim, idea, design, intention, goal, import, meaning,
purpose, spirit, drift, 5. ambitious (tutkulu);
synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult, eager, energetic,
vaulting, challenging, competitive, enterprising,
grandiose, pushy, 6. prepared; synonyms (adj) fit,
willing, fitted, fain, finished, ripe, competent,
primed, completed, efficient, mature, apt,
complete, equipped, able; antonym (adj)
unprepared.
isteksiz reluctant; synonyms (adj) disinclined, loath,
averse, unwilling, hesitant, indisposed, loth,
involuntary, backward, diffident, shy, chary, slow,
tardy, adverse; antonyms (adj) inclined, willing,
eager.
isteksizlik reluctance; synonyms (n) disinclination,
aversion, hesitation, indisposition, distaste, disgust,
dislike, opposition, repugnance, unwillingness,
diffidence, hesitancy, scruple; antonym (n)
inclination.
istem demand; synonyms (n) claim, request,
requirement, requisition, sale, call, (v) ask,
command, need, require, appeal, beg, charge,
expect, involve; antonym (v) supply.
istemek 1. want; synonyms (v) need, desire, (n) lack,
poverty, wish, deficiency, deprivation, famine,
absence, dearth, demand, destitution, indigence,
241
necessity, penury; antonyms (v) dislike, hate, 2.

request (istek); synonyms (n) petition, bid, prayer,
application, claim, entreaty, invitation, (v) ask,
invite, order, pray, appeal, beg, call, entreat;
antonym (v) command, 3. require; synonyms (v)
charge, crave, exact, involve, want, entail, compel,
force, necessitate, request, enjoin, expect, oblige,
take, make, 4. ask (sormak); synonyms (v)
inquire, interrogate, question, beseech, consult,
plead, quiz, require, enquire, implore, solicit,
summon, urge, appraise; antonym (v) answer, 5.
claim (talep); synonyms (n) allegation, privilege,
right, title, assertion, (v) assert, arrogate, contend,
requisition, pretend, argue, challenge, affirm,
allege, aver; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 6.
desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms (n)
ambition, hope, aspiration, will, craving, dream,
impulse, liking, lust, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, aim,
choose, like; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, 7.
demand; synonyms (n) requirement, sale, press,
pretension, appetite, tax, exigency, plea,
assessment, bidding, (v) clamor, assess, apply,
extort, insist; antonym (v) supply, 8. choose
(semek); synonyms (v) adopt, elect, pick, prefer,
select, appoint, assign, decide, determine, draw,
excerpt, vote, nominate, designate, resolve;
antonyms (v) reject, refuse, 9. wish (arzu);
synonyms (v) please, care, intend, mean, trust,
favor, (n) inclination, longing, pleasure, purpose,
mind, plan, thirst, goal, hunger, 10. seek
(aramak); synonyms (v) search, attempt, endeavor,
hunt, look, explore, pursue, quest, investigate,
research, follow, essay, ransack, strive, struggle.
istemli voluntary; synonyms (adj) spontaneous,
optional, deliberate, gratuitous, intentional,
unforced, willing, willful, elective, unpaid, (n)
volunteer; antonyms (adj) involuntary, compulsory,
forced, instinctive.
istenmeyen undesirable; synonyms (adj) unpleasant,
unwelcome, inexpedient, distasteful, objectionable,
undesired, unsuitable, unwanted, improper,
intolerable, unalluring, unattractive, wrong;
antonyms (adj) desirable, wanted, welcome.
isteyerek readily; synonyms (adv) lightly, easily,
promptly, soon, quick, freely, gladly, quickly,
cheerfully, eagerly, pronto, willingly, commonly,
naturally, (adj) smoothly.
istiare metaphor; synonyms (n) allegory, analogy,
parable, trope, fable, figure, comparison,
metonymy, symbol, hyperbole, tralatition, emblem,
hope, personification, story.
istif stack (yn, ymak); synonyms (n) pile,
hill, mountain, shock, (v) heap, load, lot, pack,
store.
istihbarat intelligence (akl); synonyms (n)
information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings,
242
Turkish - English
understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity,

comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice,
sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion.
istihdam employment; synonyms (n) business,
occupation, trade, use, career, duty, engagement,
service, exploitation, avocation, (v) application,
employ, calling, profession, (adj) work; antonym (n)
unemployment.
istihsal production (retim); synonyms (n) output,
exhibition.
istikbal future; synonyms (adj) unborn, coming,
antonym (n) past.
istikrar stability (denge); synonyms (n) constancy,
durability, firmness, permanence, poise,
steadiness; antonym (n) instability.
istikrarl 1. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent,
uniform, agreeable, compatible, congruous,
constant, logical, conformable, consonant, regular,
unchanging, concurrent, unvarying, accordant,
equable; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic,
contradictory, illogical, unpredictable, unreliable,
2. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure,
continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant,
sedate, settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, calm, brace;
intermittent.
istila invasion; synonyms (n) attack, assault,
aggression, incursion, inroad, descent, foray, influx,
intrusion, encroachment, infringement, occupation,
raid, breach, charge; antonyms (n) retreat,
surrender.
istim steam (buu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog,
exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas.
istirahat rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant,
repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue,
leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj)
itirak participation; synonyms (n) involvement,
interest, contribution, attendance, complicity,
communion, association, connection, affair, concert,
concurrence, engagement, voice.
istismar exploitation; synonyms (n) abuse,
defacement.
istisna exception; synonyms (n) exclusion, objection,
exemption, anomaly, immunity, peculiarity,
privilege, release, repudiation, condition, salvo,

animadversion; antonym (n) inclusion.
istisnai exceptional; synonyms (adj) special,
abnormal, excellent, extraordinary, particular,
prodigious, singular, uncommon, exceeding,
outstanding, rare, single, superior, unique,
unusual; antonyms (adj) common, mediocre,
ordinary, average, normal, usual, abysmal, inferior,
poor.
istralya stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v)
remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue,
endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n)
delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond,
depart.
iveren 1. employer; synonyms (n) boss, master,
businessperson, patron, capitalist, company,
corporation, director, establishment, executive,
firm, juice, kingpin, management, organization;
antonym (n) employee, 2. boss (patron);
synonyms (n) chief, governor, head, overseer,
superior, ruler, administrator, captain, foreman,
leader, manager, principal, (v) administer, govern,
direct.
isyan 1. revolt (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n)
insurrection, uprising, revolution, (v) disgust,
mutiny, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, rebel, repel,
offend, repulse, appall, protest, (adj) shock, 2.
rebellion; synonyms (n) revolt, disobedience,
defiance, outbreak, unrest, commotion, disorder,
disturbance, insurgence, rising, sedition, 3. riot;
synonyms (n) tumult, brawl, fight, fray, confusion,
debauch, debauchery, orgy, trouble, mob, (v)
carouse, muddle, (adj) hubbub, uproar, row, 4.
rising; synonyms (adj) climbing, uphill, emergent,
emerging, (n) ascending, ascension, ascent, climb,
rise, advance, lift, upheaval, heave, (adv) increasing,
growing; antonyms (adj) plummeting, decreasing,
plunging.
isyanc rebel (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n)
insurgent, nonconformist, anarchist, dissident,
insurrectionist, traitor, (v) mutiny, renegade, arise,
disobey, revolt, rise, oppose, (adj) mutineer,
rebellious; antonym (n) conformist.
iyeri 1. business; synonyms (n) employment, matter,
subject, affair, calling, concern, corporation, deal,
event, job, occupation, profession, trade, vocation,
work; antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 2.
workshop (atlye); synonyms (n) shop, factory,
practicum.
it dog (kpek); synonyms (n) cur, andiron,
blackguard, click, detent, cad, cock, (v) chase,
hound, beset, hunt, tail, track, trail, course.
itaat 1. compliance; synonyms (n) agreement,
approval, observance, accordance, acquiescence,
complaisance, consent, obedience, accord, assent,
Turkish - English
compliancy, deference, submission, flexibility,
yielding; antonyms (n) disobedience, stubbornness,
nonconformity, 2. obedience; synonyms (n)
compliance, meekness, obeisance, bow, loyalty;
antonyms (n) defiance, naughtiness, resistance, 3.
submission; synonyms (n) bid, offer, surrender,
entry, presentation, capitulation, conformity,
suggestion, application, tender, endurance,
patience, (adj) resignation.
ithaf dedication; synonyms (n) consecration,
allegiance, commitment, devotion, inscription,
loyalty, fidelity, sanctification, fanaticism, passion,
(adj) glorification; antonym (n) indifference.
ithal import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n)
significance, value, betoken, (v) matter, denote,
imply; antonym (v) export.
ithalat import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n)
significance, value, betoken, (v) matter, denote,
imply; antonym (v) export.
itham charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care,
command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v)
accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign; antonyms
(v) request, absolve, retreat.
itibar 1. prestige; synonyms (n) credit, influence,
power, distinction, authority, dignity, repute,
reputation, standing, status, attraction, face, kudos,
celebrity, glory, 2. regard (bakmak); synonyms
(v) attention, concern, estimate, heed, attend,
account, believe, consider, count, hold, (n) notice,
respect, esteem, deference, look; antonym (n)
disrespect, 3. odour; synonyms (n) fragrance,
flavour, aroma, smell, odor, scent, flavor, feel,
feeling, olfaction, smelling, spirit, tone, 4.
importance; synonyms (n) greatness, gravity,
import, consequence, emphasis, prominence, stress,
value, magnitude, matter, prestige, seriousness,
significance, grandeur, (v) weight; antonyms (n)
insignificance, unimportance, triviality, 5. face
(ehre, surat, yz); synonyms (n) aspect,
veneer, visage, affront, (adj) front; antonyms (v)
avoid, back, 6. credit (kredi); synonyms (n)
credence, appreciation, belief, commendation,
recognition, advance, acknowledgment,
confidence, fame, honor, loan, (v) accredit, ascribe,
assign, attribute; antonyms (n) cash, (v) debit,
discredit, 7. authority (yetki); synonyms (n)
authorization, dominance, domination, judge,
professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency,
approval, authorisation.
243
itibari nominal; synonyms (adj) titular, formal, token,

minimal, minimum, nominative, (v) cognominal;
antonym (adj) real.
itikat 1. faith (gven); synonyms (n) confidence,
belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance,
creed, cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation,
fidelity, hope, piety; antonym (n) unbelief, 2.
creed; synonyms (n) gospel, religion, credo, faith,
denomination, doctrine, persuasion, credenda.
itimat 1. reliance (gven); synonyms (n) confidence,
credit, faith, trust, belief, dependence, assurance,
conviction, credence, dependency, hope,
expectation, presumption, 2. confidence;
synonyms (n) certainty, certitude, intimacy, nerve,
reliance, security, sureness, authority, affiance,
boldness, face, cheek, firmness, impudence, poise;
antonyms (n) insecurity, uncertainty, doubt,
nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear,
timidity, 3. faith (gven); synonyms (n) creed,
cult, allegiance, fidelity, piety, religion, church,
denomination, constancy, doctrine, honor, loyalty,
persuasion, troth, (adj) honesty; antonym (n)
unbelief.
itinal careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) accurate,
attentive, thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical,
frugal, mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous,
aware, cagey, cautious, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj)
careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful.
itiraf 1. confession; synonyms (n) avowal, admission,
acknowledgment, recognition, concession,
divulgence, disclosure, penance, profession,
apology; antonym (n) denial, 2. admission
(kabul); synonyms (n) acceptance, access,
confession, admittance, declaration, reception,
confirmation, acquiescence, affirmation, allowance,
entrance, entree, entry, inclusion, introduction.
itiraz 1. protest (protesto, protesto etmek);

synonyms (n) demonstration, objection, complaint,
challenge, question, (v) dissent, assert, complain,
object, affirm, asseverate, attest, aver, declare,
demur; antonym (v) support, 2. objection;
synonyms (n) protest, exception, grievance, gripe,
disagreement, outcry, difficulty, disapproval,
expostulation, criticism, disadvantage, drawback,
scruple, animadversion, argument.
iti push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt,
poke, (v) drive, impel, crowd, force, jab, jostle,
nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull,
drag, haul.
itme 1. impulse; synonyms (n) impetus, pulse, urge,
spur, 2. push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, thrust,
jolt, poke, elbow, energy, (v) impel, crowd, jab,
jostle, nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v)
pull, drag, haul.
244
Turkish - English
itmek push; synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt, poke, (v)

drive, impel, crowd, force, jab, jostle, nudge, prod,
jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul.
ittifak 1. alliance; synonyms (n) connection, league,
affinity, association, combination, confederacy,
union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition,
merger, organization, society, amalgamation;
antonym (n) nonalignment, 2. agreement
(anlama); synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence,
concord, accordance, coincidence, contract,
acceptance, appointment, arrangement,
compliance, confirmation, conformity,
correspondence, covenant, settlement; antonyms
(n) disagreement, argument, conflict, discord,
rejection, dispute, resistance.
ivedi 1. urgent (acil); synonyms (adj) pressing,
importunate, imperative, instant, immediate, quick,
earnest, critical, serious, vital, hasty, insistent,
compelling, (v) important, clamorous; antonym (adj)
trivial, 2. burning; synonyms (adj) ardent, ablaze,
afire, blazing, boiling, flaming, hot, passionate,
aflame, alight, (n) combustion, firing, glowing,
zealous, burn; antonyms (adj) cold, cool, 3.
pressing (acil); synonyms (v) exigent, anxious,
(adj) imperious, burning, grave, crucial, (n) urgent,
dishing, press, pressure, prestretching.
ivme acceleration; synonyms (n) speed, rapidity, rise,
quickening, quickness, rush, speedup, swiftness.
iyelik 1. possession; synonyms (n) occupancy,
occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, property,
tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy,
colony, (v) acquisition, 2. ownership (mlkiyet,
sahiplik); synonyms (n) control, proprietorship,
possession, title, hold, (adj) claim, right.
iyi 1. good; synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious,
right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice,
superior, well, advantageous, (n) benign,
wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 2. okay;
synonyms (adj) good, alright, fair, (int) yes, (n)
approval, authorization, agreement, blessing, (v)
approve, sanction, consent, endorse, authorize,
countenance, accept; antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory,
(v) forbid, 3. fine (gzel, ince); synonyms (adj)
delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant,
thin, delightful, acute, admirable, beautiful, choice,
(n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish; antonyms (adj)
thick, coarse, substantial, wide, 4. well; synonyms
(adv) easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully,
fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms
(adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying,
nauseous, 5. nice; synonyms (adj) fastidious, kind,
lovely, neat, likable, correct, decent, difficult,
enjoyable, exact, particular, precise, minute,
suitable, discriminating; antonym (adj) horrible, 6.
decent; synonyms (adj) proper, adequate,
appropriate, acceptable, becoming, comely,

decorous, honest, modest, respectable, seemly,
sufficient, chaste, ethical, fitting; antonyms (adj)
immoral, unwholesome, inappropriate,
disreputable, filthy, inadequate, indecent,
unsuitable.
iyice 1. clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms
(adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste,
adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe,
clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy,
unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted,
unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute,
2. wide (geni); synonyms (adj) broad, spacious,
roomy, comprehensive, extensive, large, ample,
vast, capacious, expanded, extended, open,
sweeping, big, deep; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin,
restricted.
iyileme recovery (kurtarma); synonyms (n) rally,
convalescence, improvement, reclamation, rescue,
resurrection, retrieval, cure, deliverance, healing,
recuperation, restoration, revival, yield,
regeneration; antonyms (n) decline, loss, return.
iyilemek recover; synonyms (v) reclaim, recuperate,
regain, retrieve, convalesce, find, heal, mend, rally,
restore, improve, obtain, recall, recoup, redeem;
antonyms (v) deteriorate, lose.
iyiletirilmi improved; synonyms (adj) better,
enhanced, new, reformed, advanced, amplified,
augmented, bigger, changed, converted, enlarged,
finer, greater, healthier, higher; antonyms (adj)
inferior, worse, lesser.
iyiletirme amendment; synonyms (n) alteration,
betterment, correction, redress, improvement,
revision, transformation, adjustment, change,
conversion, mend, modification, rectification,
reform, variation.
iyiletirmek 1. cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote,
medicine, salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy,
(v) correct, help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve,
restore, 2. remedy (ila); synonyms (n) cure,
redress, drug, relief, medication, physic,
remediation, treatment, amendment, amends, (v)
amend, rectify, relieve, aid, doctor.
iyilik 1. goodness; synonyms (n) generosity,
excellence, good, kindness, benefit, benevolence,
graciousness, morality, virtue, worth, charity, (adj)
benignity, gentleness, favor, beneficence; antonyms
(n) evil, wickedness, 2. favour; synonyms (v)
choose, prefer, privilege, 3. kindness; synonyms
(n) clemency, compassion, courtesy, affection,
consideration, cordiality, friendliness, goodness,
grace, humanity, fondness, amiability, geniality,
love, pity; antonyms (n) unkindness, callousness,
cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite, unfriendliness,
maliciousness.
iyimser optimistic; synonyms (adj) cheerful,
affirmative, positive, upbeat, bright, carefree,
Turkish - English
happy, lighthearted, rosy, sanguine, confident,
expectant; antonyms (adj) pessimistic, negative,
disheartened.
iyimserlik optimism; synonyms (n) hopefulness,
hope, buoyancy, cheer, cheerfulness, expectation,
happiness; antonym (n) pessimism.
iz 1. track (izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path, line,
racetrack, road, route, (v) trace, trail, hunt, tail,
chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint, 2. trail
(izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track, trudge,
pathway, scent, wake, (v) haul, drag, train, draw,
tow, pull, lag, shadow, stalk, tag, 3. trace
(izlemek); synonyms (n) spot, clue, dash, hint,
indication, mark, shade, sign, suggestion, touch,
bit, drop, evidence, (v) describe, outline, 4.
shadow (glge); synonyms (n) ghost, darkness,
apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection,
umbrage, silhouette, dark, (v) eclipse, obscure,
overshadow, cloud, darken, 5. impress; synonyms
(v) imprint, affect, move, print, inscribe, instill,
emboss, dent, inculcate, strike, amaze, dazzle, (n)
stamp, impression, press, 6. ghost (hayalet,
hortlak); synonyms (n) spirit, soul, spectre, spook,
appearance, manes, vision, wraith, author, (v)
specter, ghostwrite, haunt, 7. evidence (kant);
synonyms (n) confirmation, proof, data, argument,
attestation, demonstration, testimony, deposition,
(v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest,
denote, establish, 8. mark; synonyms (n) brand,
score, character, heed, feature, badge, check,
emblem, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish,
grade, label, differentiate, (adj) notice, 9. strain;
race, reach, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor,
exert, extend, percolate; antonym (v) relax, 10.
suggestion (neri); synonyms (n) advice,
intimation, proposal, allusion, counsel, proposition,
recommendation, implication, inkling, insinuation,
offer, plan, prompting, motion, overture, 11. print;
synonyms (n) engraving, copy, lettering, picture,
facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, type, etching,
replica, duplicate, (v) impress, photograph, issue,
engrave, 12. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul);
synonyms (n) seal, cachet, die, earmark, form,
hallmark, mold, mould, pestle, (v) cast, trample,
punch, shape, note, mint, 13. sign (alamet, im,
iaret); synonyms (n) signal, portent,
manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave,
forerunner, attribute, augury, banner, (v) gesture,
indicate, autograph, bless, 14. suspicion (phe);
synonyms (n) apprehension, distrust, mistrust, fear,
hunch, misgiving, qualm, scruple, surmise,
supposition, hesitation, intuition, guess, misdoubt,
(v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust, certainty, 15. touch
tinge, feeling, tap, (v) contact, hit, border, adjoin,
245
stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, interest,

meet.
izafi relative (greli); synonyms (adj) related,
izah explanation (aklama); synonyms (n) account,
annotation, commentary, definition, description,
exposition, excuse, gloss, interpretation,
apology; antonym (n) mystery.
izdiham 1. jam (reel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd,
fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole,
(v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder;
antonym (v) free, 2. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle,
swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army,
assembly, concourse, congregation, gang, (v) bunch,
flock, compress; antonym (v) disperse.
izdm projection; synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut,
prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang,
plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast,
(adj) salient.
izin 1. permit (izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow,
give, license, admit, leave, let, bear, endure, have,
agree, (n) consent, licence, pass, permission, (adj)
grant; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent, prohibit,
stop, 2. permission; synonyms (n) permit,
approval, authority, liberty, agreement, assent,
authorization, dispensation, sanction, approbation,
concession, acquiescence, endorsement, dismissal,
(v) allowance; antonym (n) refusal, 3. leave
abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay,
bequeath, (n) furlough, holiday, break, (adj) empty;
change, come, 4. licence (lisans); synonyms (v)
certify, endorse, evidence, attest, demonstrate,
indorse, manifest, 5. consent; synonyms (n)
accord, consensus, compliance, concurrence,
acceptance, promise, confirmation, (v) approve,
concur, accede, accept, acquiesce, coincide, comply,
yield; antonyms (n) opposition, (v) disagree, refuse,
veto, 6. concession (imtiyaz, dn); synonyms
(n) admission, compromise, discount, charter,
conceding, yielding, acknowledgment, abatement,
confession, privilege, recognition, reduction, (v)
boon, 7. allowance; synonyms (n) allotment,
quota, tolerance, maintenance, adjustment,
allocation, compensation, deduction, fee,
indulgence, margin, portion, rebate, share, wage, 8.
liberty (zgrlk); synonyms (n) freedom,
immunity, independence, autonomy,
emancipation, latitude, exemption, release, scope,
familiarity, ease, right, frankness, generosity, (adj)
franchise.
246
Turkish - English
izlemek 1. monitor (monitr); synonyms (v) check,

regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe, supervise, (n)
admonisher, dame, ironclad, moderator, 2. trail
(iz, patika); synonyms (n) track, trace, path,
course, trudge, (v) haul, drag, hunt, tail, chase,
pursue, train, draw, tow, dog, 3. track (iz);
synonyms (n) line, racetrack, road, route, circuit,
orbit, lane, lead, racecourse, (v) trail, follow,
footprint, stalk, mark, footstep, 4. trace (iz);
synonyms (n) shadow, spot, clue, dash, hint,
indication, shade, sign, suggestion, touch, bit, drop,
evidence, (v) describe, outline, 5. pursue;
synonyms (v) prosecute, haunt, hound, persist,
conduct, practice, court, keep, continue, engage,
harass, persecute, seek, bother, plague, 6. watch
(bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) clock, look,
see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard,
view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, lookout, (adj)
vigilance, 7. follow; synonyms (v) adhere, adopt,
accompany, comprehend, ensue, grasp, realize,
succeed, emulate, drive, fathom, absorb, arise,
attend, (adj) catch; antonyms (v) precede, guide,
head, 8. dog (kpek); synonyms (n) cur, andiron,
blackguard, click, detent, cad, cock, heel, pawl,
bounder, (v) beset, tag.
izlenim 1. impression; synonyms (n) belief,
image, mark, notion, dent, appearance, effect, feel,
impress, influence, 2. feeling (duygu); synonyms
(n) affection, passion, emotion, atmosphere, hunch,
impression, intuition, mood, opinion, sense,
sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm, excitement, (adj)
emotional; antonyms (n) numbness, indifference.
izleyen consequent; synonyms (adj) ensuing,
following, resultant, resulting, sequent, attendant,
consequential, next, succeeding, successive, (v)
subsequent.
izleyiciler audience (dinleyiciler); synonyms (n)
hearing, interview, attendance, house, meeting,
turnout, audition, congregation, crowd, following,
public, spectators, (v) auditory.
izolasyon 1. insulation; synonyms (n) insularity,
insulating, detachment, insulant, lining, isolation,
insularism, blubber, breakup, casing, coat, cover,
covering, disengagement, exclusiveness, 2.
isolation; synonyms (n) alienation, estrangement,
insulation, privacy, dissociation, loneliness,
seclusion, secrecy, solitude, desolation, segregation,
separation, disaffection; antonyms (n) closeness,
companionship.
lk warm (stmak, scak); synonyms (adj) hot,

affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively,
fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial,
glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold,

unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill.
lman mild; synonyms (adj) kindly, gracious, benign,
easy, lenient, docile, humble, balmy, calm, clement,
delicate, kind, meek, sweet, (n) gentle; antonyms
(adj) intense, extreme, pungent, severe, sharp, spicy,
barbed, fierce, great, hot, incisive, passionate,
powerful, scathing, wintry.
lml 1. moderate; synonyms (adj) temperate,
abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v) calm,
mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool,
abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme,
mild; synonyms (adj) kindly, gracious, benign,
lenient, docile, humble, balmy, clement, delicate,
kind, meek, sweet, affable, fine, (n) gentle;
antonyms (adj) intense, pungent, severe, sharp,
spicy, barbed, fierce, great, hot, incisive, passionate,
powerful, scathing, wintry.
rak far (uzak); synonyms (adv) wide, off, widely,
well, astray, (adj) distant, aloof, faraway, remote,
much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly;
antonyms (adv) close, briefly, (adj) near.
rk 1. race; synonyms (n) kind, dash, family, career,
competition, people, kin, nation, (v) course, run,
rush, fly, hasten, hurry, (adj) lineage, 2. strain;
race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert,
extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax.
rklk racism; synonyms (n) racialism, prejudice,
bigotry, chauvinism, fascism, apartheid, illiberality,
one-sidedness, partiality, sectarianism, unfairness.
rmak river (nehir); synonyms (n) creek, flow,
current, waterway, watercourse, (v) brook, stream,
burn, bayou, beck, (adj) water.
s heat; synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth,
ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger,
chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n)
cold, chill, (v) cool.
k light (ak, hafif); synonyms (adj) fair, clear,
klandrma lighting; synonyms (n) illumination,
light, firing, ignition, kindling, inflammation,
brightness, discharge, dismissal, dismission, fire,
igniter, ignitor, installation, liberation.
sl thermal; synonyms (adj) caloric, thermic, warm,
convection.
lt flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer,
lighten.
Turkish - English
ltl shining; synonyms (adj) bright, brilliant,
lustrous, glossy, luminous, radiant, resplendent,
glorious, clear, effulgent, glistening, glittering,
glowing, sheeny, (n) lucid; antonym (adj) dull.
ma radiation (radyasyon); synonyms (n)
emanation, emission, irradiation, actinotherapy,
beam, dissipation, flash, light, divergence,
radiotherapy, spread, (v) radioactivity, plutonium,
radium, (adj) radiance.
n 1. beam (kiri); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray,
timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast,
gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2. ray;
synonyms (n) beam, glimmer, brightness,
irradiation, shaft, skate, streak, flicker, (v) irradiate.
nm radiation (radyasyon); synonyms (n)
emanation, emission, irradiation, actinotherapy,
beam, dissipation, flash, light, divergence,
radiotherapy, spread, (v) radioactivity, plutonium,
radium, (adj) radiance.
snmak 1. heat (s); synonyms (n) glow, fervor,
passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 2. warm
(lk, stmak, scak); synonyms (adj) hot,
glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, unfriendly,
reserved, hostile.
srk bite (srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat,
srma bite (srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat,
srmak bite; synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v)
sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw,
hurt, munch.
stc heater; synonyms (n) brasier, warmer, bullet,
fastball, calefactor, cannabis, dope, fume, gage,
ganja, grass, hummer, salamander, smoke, tuyere.
stma heating; synonyms (n) heat, warming, warm,
thawing, burning, enchafing, estrus, fusion,
hotness, oestrus, passion, (adj) calefactive,
calefactory, calorific, calefacient.
stmak 1. warm (lk, scak); synonyms (adj) hot,
unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill, 2. heat
(s); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth,
ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger,
chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion.
skarta 1. reject (geri evirmek); synonyms (v)
refuse, decline, deny, disapprove, discard, dismiss,
eliminate, exclude, rebuff, abandon, disallow,
disown, ignore, renounce, (n) cull; antonyms (v)
accept, approve, choose, select, acknowledge,
247
grant, 2. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl,

antonym (v) keep.
slah 1. amendment; synonyms (n) alteration,
betterment, correction, redress, improvement,
revision, transformation, adjustment, change,
conversion, mend, modification, rectification,
reform, variation, 2. reform; synonyms (n)
amendment, (v) amend, better, correct, rectify,
modify, transform, ameliorate, emend, improve,
reclaim, regenerate, remodel, renovate, rehabilitate.
slak wet (slatmak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid,
drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy,
saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash,
(n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched,
(v) dry.
slaklk wet (slak, slatmak); synonyms (adj) damp,
humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank,
rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen,
wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated,
parched, (v) dry.
slatmak 1. wet (slak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid,
drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy,
saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash,
(n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched,
(v) dry, 2. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt,
excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse,
immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate,
slk whistle (ddk, slk almak); synonyms (n)
whistling, pennywhistle, (v) pipe, sing, twitter, hiss,
cry, warble, cheep, tweet, chirp, wheeze.
smarlama order (dzen, dzenlemek,

dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition,
smarlamak 1. order (dzen, dzenlemek,

mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. treat;
synonyms (v) handle, deal, manage, process, heal,
nurse, regale, operate, doctor, (n) feast, administer,
delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet.
srar 1. insistence; synonyms (n) demand,
stubbornness, insistency, insisting, instancy,
persistence, press, pressure, steadfastness, urgency,
determination, imperativeness; antonym (n)
vacillation, 2. urgency; synonyms (n) haste,
necessity, hurry, insistence, stress, exigency,
compulsion, importance, speed, emergency, need,
rush, importunity, essentiality, gravity.
248
Turkish - English
ssz lonely; synonyms (adj) deserted, desolate, lone,

dreary, forsaken, solitary, desert, forlorn,
friendless, lonesome, remote, secluded, bleak, (n)
alone, isolated; antonym (adj) sociable.
stampa 1. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul);

synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet,
emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample,
punch, characterize, shape, note, 2. pad;
synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs, wadding,
(v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff, wad,
aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify, enlarge.
strap 1. misery; synonyms (n) adversity, distress,
affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill,
infelicity, poverty, suffering, calamity, depression,
(adj) grief; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, ecstasy,
happiness, joy, fun, hopefulness, 2. distress (ac);
synonyms (n) pain, trouble, anxiety, difficulty, hurt,
torture, alarm, (v) afflict, torment, concern, bother,
upset, worry, discomfort, annoy; antonyms (v)
comfort, please.
zgara grid; synonyms (n) gridiron, grating, lattice,
mesh, netting, network, web, chart, diagram,
template, framework, table.
ncil bible; synonyms (n) scripture, book, authority,

guide, manual, regulation, word, countersign,
creed, discussion, doctrine, guidebook, intelligence,
logos, news.
J
jambon ham; synonyms (n) gammon, village, actor,
dorp, hamfatter, kraal, amateur, beef, chicken,
hamlet, hand, jambon, (adj) affected, conceited, (v)
act.
jant rim; synonyms (n) border, edge, margin, brim,
brink, boundary, verge, lip, confine, bound, flange,
limit, (v) skirt, hem, line.
jeoloji geology; synonyms (n) formation, mineralogy,
geoscopy, constitution, establishment, organisation,
organization, shaping.
jest 1. gesture; synonyms (n) signal, gesticulation,
indication, movement, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate,
motion, wave, 2. sign (alamet, im, iaret);
synonyms (n) mark, portent, brand, emblem,
forerunner, attribute, augury, (v) gesture, indicate,
autograph.
jokey jockey; synonyms (n) equestrian, horseman,
rider, cavalier, conjuror, (v) cheat, beguile, defraud,
chicane, chouse, manage, maneuver, manipulate,
screw, beat.
jle jelly (pelte); synonyms (n) gel, conserve, jam,

gelatin, preserves, (v) jellify, jell.
jri jury; synonyms (n) board, panel, adjudicators,
group, team, council, venire.
K
kaba 1. rough; synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh,
raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged,
approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft;
antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise,
refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact,
glossy, pleasant, 2. gross (brt); synonyms (adj)
crass, big, boorish, common, fat, blunt, disgusting,
broad, brutal, bulky, earthy, entire, flagrant, (v)
foul, (n) aggregate; antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net,
3. coarse; synonyms (adj) barbarous, rough, vulgar,
bawdy, rude, uncivilized, brutish, awkward, base,
dirty, indecent, indelicate, loud, (adv) beastly, (v)
nasty, 4. crude; synonyms (adj) clumsy, immature,
primitive, uncouth, barbarian, abrupt, churlish,
impolite, natural, unprocessed, unrefined, gaudy,
tasteless, basic, green, 5. brutal; synonyms (adj)
barbaric, bestial, savage, truculent, unkind, vicious,
boarish, rugged, tough, ferocious, fierce, inhuman,
oppressive, pitiless, rigorous; antonyms (adj) kind,
merciful, liberal, 6. heavy (ar); synonyms (adj)
dull, deep, dark, dense, full, grave, arduous,
burdensome, grievous, thick, compact, ample,
cumbersome, grueling, overweight; antonyms (adj)
light, easy, slim, thin, slight, puny, skinny, 7.
common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
cheap, mutual, usual, accustomed, ignoble, mean,
mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, banal, prosaic,
poor, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual,
uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off,
specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive,
extraordinary, infrequent, 8. harsh (sert);
synonyms (adj) sharp, austere, bitter, discordant,
grim, acrid, acute, biting, extreme, severe, stern,
acerbic, acid, astringent, (n) dissonant; antonyms
(adj) harmonious, lenient, melodious, sweet, 9.
roughly (kabaca); synonyms (adv) coarsely,
almost, around, harshly, some, generally, hardly,
violently, fiercely, (prep) about, approximately, circa,
(adj) nearly; antonyms (adv) gently, softly, smoothly,
10. rude; synonyms (adj) impudent, bold,
discourteous, abusive, curt, disrespectful,
impertinent, insolent, plain, forward, audacious,
brazen, brusque, disagreeable, (n) robust; antonyms
(adj) polite, respectful, chivalrous, courteous, civil,
decent, proper, well-mannered.
kabaca roughly; synonyms (adv) coarsely, almost,
around, rough, harshly, some, generally, hardly,
violently, fiercely, (prep) about, approximately, circa,
(adj) nearly; antonyms (adv) gently, softly, smoothly.
Turkish - English
kabaday 1. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse,
hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross,
hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n)
even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 2. tough; synonyms
(adj) difficult, tenacious, strong, arduous, firm,
hardy, laborious, rugged, severe, stout, sturdy,
rough, bad, (n) bully, rowdy; antonyms (adj) tender,
easy, weak, flimsy, feeble, lightweight, simple.
kabahat 1. sin (gnah ilemek); synonyms (n) evil,
fault, iniquity, crime, blunder, error, guilt, misdeed,
offense, wickedness, mistake, (v) offend, blame, err,
trespass; antonyms (n) virtue, piety, 2. blame
(sulamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign,
censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide,
rebuke, attribute, (n) attack, rap, onus, accusation,
allegation, condemnation; antonyms (v) pardon,
absolve, praise, 3. fault (arza, bozukluk, hata,
kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, failing, blot,
delinquency, flaw, break, demerit, weakness,
default, failure, fracture, imperfection, (v)
deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit,
strength.
kabahatli guilty (sulu); synonyms (adj) ashamed,
culpable, criminal, faulty, hangdog, wicked,
chargeable, condemned, delinquent, reprehensible,
sinful, contrite, responsible, shamefaced, sheepish;
antonyms (adj) innocent, blameless.
kabalk gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, cheek,
audacity, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust,
freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate.
kabark raised; synonyms (v) repousse, (adj) elevated,
embossed, erect, convex, brocaded, high, alert,
bold, confident, elate, elated, elative, exultant, (prep)
above.
kabarma 1. flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n) flood,
current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux,
jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2.
surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst, ripple, spurt,
increase, spate, upsurge, (v) billow, rise, rush, flow,
heave, swell, soar, leap.
kabarmak surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst, ripple,
spurt, (v) billow, flood, rise, rush, stream, flow,
gush, heave, jet, swell, soar.
kabartma relief; synonyms (n) comfort, aid,
consolation, ease, help, relaxation, release, respite,
solace, abatement, alleviation, encouragement,
redress, rest, (v) assistance.
kabartmak raise (toplamak, ykseltmek);

augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower.
kabataslak rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse,
249

kabile tribe; synonyms (n) family, clan, house, folk,
kin, kindred, nation, people, race, stock, lineage,
breed, line, folks, kind.
kabiliyet 1. capability (yetenek); synonyms (n)
capacity, ability, aptitude, capableness,
competence, faculty, gift, potency, potential,
power, qualification, talent, aptness, efficiency,
endowment; antonyms (n) inability, failure,
incapability, 2. ability (yetenek); synonyms (n)
hand, cleverness, dexterity, accomplishment, bent,
capability, competency, expertise, flair, genius,
knowledge, might, skill, intelligence, adroitness;
antonym (n) injury, 3. faculty; synonyms (n)
facility, staff, expertness, knack, profession, turn,
vocation, calling, cloth, sense, (adj) ingenuity, parts,
talents, 4. talent; synonyms (n) proficiency,
prowess, forte, quality, (v) donation, present.
kabiliyetli intelligent (akll); synonyms (adj) clever,
alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted,
rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted,
knowing, knowledgeable, quick; antonyms (adj)
unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, stupid.
kabiliyetsiz 1. ineffective (etkisiz); synonyms (adj)
empty, incompetent, futile, impotent, inadequate,
antonyms (adj) effective, strong, successful, useful,
2. incapable; synonyms (adj) helpless, inept,
insufficient, unqualified, unfit, weak; antonyms
(adj) capable, able.
kabin cabin (kulbe); synonyms (n) booth, hut,
chamber, cot, lodge, room, shed, stall, apartment.
kabine cabinet (bakanlar kurulu, dolap);

synonyms (n) case, closet, locker, press, cupboard,
chamber, console, sideboard, board, council.
kabir tomb; synonyms (n) grave, sepulchre, crypt,
sepulcher, pit, sepulture, vault, monument,
entomb, (v) bury, inter.
kablo 1. cable; synonyms (n) rope, line, cablegram,
telegram, cord, guy, ribbon, twine, (v) wire,
telegraph, report, 2. cord (kordon); synonyms (n)
band, string, bond, tie, tape, lace, thread, whipcord,
yarn, leash, fiber, cable, corduroy, strand, (v) knot.
kabristan cemetery; synonyms (n) graveyard,
churchyard, necropolis, charnel, catacomb, crypt,
garden, headstone, mortuary, ossuary,
polyandrium, sepulcher.
kabuk 1. shell; synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet, case,
casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v) bomb,
bombard, husk, pod, blast, 2. crust; synonyms (n)
cheekiness, covering, gall, impertinence, shell, skin,
coating, encrustation, impudence, incrustation,
insolence, (v) coat, 3. skin (cilt, deri, post);
250
Turkish - English
synonyms (n) hide, fur, hull, integument, pelt, cutis,

fell, film, fleece, (v) pare, scrape, excoriate, flay,
abrade, strip.
kabul 1. acceptance; synonyms (n) acceptation,
acknowledgment, adoption, recognition, accession,
acquiescence, approval, assumption, confirmation,
credence, ratification, receipt, welcome, belief,
admission; antonyms (n) rejection, refutation,
dispatch, 2. admission; synonyms (n) acceptance,
access, confession, admittance, declaration,
reception, affirmation, allowance, concession,
entrance, entree, entry, inclusion, introduction,
pass; antonym (n) denial, 3. reception (alma,
resepsiyon); synonyms (n) entertainment,
greeting, party, receiving, getting, salutation,
comprehension, reaction, banquet, response, catch,
function, presentation, (adj) soiree, 4. recognition
(tanma); synonyms (n) appreciation,
identification, perception, cognizance,
acknowledgement, avowal, credit, realization,
remembrance, salute, understanding,
commemoration, gratitude, recollection,
knowledge, 5. concession (imtiyaz, dn);
synonyms (n) compliance, compromise, discount,
grant, agreement, charter, conceding, license,
yielding, abatement, assent, consent, leave, liberty,
(v) boon, 6. acknowledgement (alnd);
synonyms (n) acclaim, preferment, realisation.
kabullenmek accept (almak, kabul etmek,

onaylamak); synonyms (v) receive, acknowledge,
admit, take, recognize, abide, accede, acquiesce,
adopt, assume, believe, yield, agree, approve,
assent; antonyms (v) refuse, reject, deny, snub,
oppose, renounce, resist.
kabus nightmare; synonyms (n) dream, incubus,
fantasy, terror, bugbear, fancy, trial, vision.
kabza 1. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v)
administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal,
direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n)
grip, clutch, grasp, 2. stock (hisse senedi);
synonyms (n) breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry,
descent, family, hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth,
(adj) regular, (v) handle, supply.
kaamak shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn,
transfer, fluctuate.
kaamakl elusive; synonyms (adj) evasive, subtle,
insidious, fugitive, intangible, shifty, slippery,
ambiguous, artful.
kak daft; synonyms (adj) crazy, wacky, bonkers,
demented, foolish, nutty, balmy, inane, barmy,
batty, dotty, haywire, idiotic, insane, insensate;
antonym (adj) sensible.
kanlmaz inevitable; synonyms (adj) certain,
ineluctable, unavoidable, inescapable, destined,
fatal, fated, irresistible, irrevocable, necessary,
obvious, avoidless, predictable, unchangeable;

antonyms (adj) uncertain, evitable.
kanlmazlk urgency; synonyms (n) pressure,
haste, necessity, hurry, press, insistence, stress,
exigency, instancy, compulsion, importance, speed,
emergency, need, rush.
kanmak avoid; synonyms (v) shun, avert, parry,
escape, evade, abstain, annul, circumvent, duck,
elude, forbear, fudge, ignore, prevent, (adj) eschew;
antonyms (v) confront, associate, face, tackle.
karmak 1. lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop,
succeed, 2. miss (bayan); synonyms (v) lack, lose,
jump, omit, overlook, long, neglect, skip, (n) maid,
girl, want, fille, missy, (adj) fault, pretermit;
antonym (v) perceive, 3. slip; synonyms (n) lapse,
mistake, cutting, error, oversight, scion, trip, ticket,
band, (v) fall, slide, glide, skid, sag, (adj) blunder;
antonym (v) improve.
ka 1. escape (kamak); synonyms (v) elude,
break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent,
leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion,
outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. flight
(uu); synonyms (n) escape, herd, flying,
avolation, exodus, elopement, departure, aviation,
flock, retreat, crossing, journey, (adj) bevy, drove,
cloud, 3. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin,
catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, decamp,
devour, fasten, gulp, guzzle, (adv) bang; antonyms
(v) nibble, unbolt, unlock.
kama escape (kamak); synonyms (v) elude, break,
dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave,
duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet;
antonyms (v) capture, return.
kamak 1. escape; synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge,
avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck,
bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonyms
(v) capture, return, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse,
fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight,
scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj)
blunder; antonym (v) improve, 3. fly (sinek,
umak); synonyms (v) dash, drive, flee, elope,
aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, hurry, jet, (n) flap,
(adj) flit, burst, insect, 4. desert (l); synonyms
(n) wilderness, (v) abandon, defect, ditch, forsake,
relinquish, abscond, fail, (adj) waste, barren,
desolate, merit, wild, worth, bleak; antonyms (n)
bog, (v) stay, 5. run (altrmak, komak);
synonyms (v) flow, rule, gush, race, career, conduct,
direct, function, go, hasten, operate, (n) pass,
campaign, course, (adj) stream.
kadar 1. so (byle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as,
Turkish - English
likewise, 2. by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep)
beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past,
through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside,
(adj) over, 3. as (gibi, Olarak); synonyms (conj)
qua, because, since, considering, while, whilst, (prep)
during, like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic.
kadavra corpse; synonyms (n) cadaver, carcass, body,
corse, remains, stiff, clay.
kadeh glass (bardak, cam); synonyms (n) pane,
bottle, drink, bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, glassful,
spyglass, telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj)
ice.
kademe step (adm, basamak); synonyms (n)
degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level,
rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace,
proceeding.
kader 1. fate; synonyms (n) destiny, chance, luck,
fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot, portion,
accident, end, (v) doom, destine, designate,
destruction, 2. destiny; synonyms (n) fate,
destination, weird, circumstances, 3. fortune;
synonyms (n) estate, fluke, means, abundance,
assets, riches, wealth, blessing, substance,
affluence, prosperity, treasure, capital, hap, hazard.
kadife velvet; synonyms (n) velure, gain, profit,
revenue, gratification, income, pleasure, prosperity,
receipts, success, vellet, wealth, (adj) velvety, down,
opulent.
kadn 1. woman; synonyms (n) wife, girl, maid,
womanhood, char, charwoman, soul, (obj) female,
she; antonyms (n) man, gentleman, 2. female;
synonyms (adj) distaff, feminine, pistillate, (n) lady,
woman; antonyms (adj) masculine, (n) male, 3.
broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample,
full, inclusive; antonyms (adj) narrow, specific, thin,
4. lady (bayan); synonyms (n) dame,
gentlewoman, ma'am, matron, noble, (v) squaw, 5.
dame; synonyms (n) skirt, wench, bird, chick.
kafa 1. head (ba); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front,
point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive,
chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead; antonyms (n)
end, subordinate, (v) follow, 2. nut; synonyms (n)
lunatic, crackpot, crank, eccentric, egg, freak,
fruitcake, kernel, head, fruit, kook, maniac, nutcase,
screwball, seed, 3. mind (akl); synonyms (n)
intellect, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard,
mentality, conscience, (v) care, look, attend, beware,
keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget.
kafatas skull; synonyms (n) pate, noddle, head,
noggin, shell, intellectual, pupil, (adj) exceptional,
smart.
kafes 1. cage; synonyms (n) jail, pen, hutch, cell,
corral, crate, frame, gaol, enclosure, (v) confine,
251
enclose, imprison, incarcerate; antonym (v) free, 2.

screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade,
cloak.
kafile train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim,
coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame,
discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school.
kat paper; synonyms (n) document, article,
newspaper, discourse, newsprint, certificate, essay,
journal, magazine, periodical, report, composition,
form, ticket, publisher.
kahkaha 1. laughter; synonyms (n) amusement, fun,
laugh, merriment, hilarity, mirth, derision,
happiness; antonym (n) sadness, 2. laugh
(glmek); synonyms (n) chuckle, chortle, jest, gag,
jape, laughter, cackle, sneer, scream, (v) joke, giggle,
smile, titter, snicker, beam; antonym (v) cry.
kahraman 1. hero; synonyms (n) champion,
defender, fighter, 2. brave (cesur); synonyms (adj)
adventurous, bold, audacious, courageous, endure,
fearless, hardy, intrepid, valiant, virile, confident,
daring, dauntless, (v) defy, confront; antonyms (adj)
character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, nature,
standing.
kahramanca heroic; synonyms (adj) bold, brave,
courageous, fearless, chivalrous, dauntless, gallant,
grand, intrepid, valiant, daring, epic, heroical,
imposing, impressive; antonym (adj) cowardly.
kahramanlk exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise,
apply, employ, use, abuse, harness, (n) deed,
achievement, feat, accomplishment, action,
adventure, effort, performance.
kahvalt breakfast; synonyms (n) banquet, dejeuner,
feast, meal, mealtime, brunch, dinner, supper, (v)
lunch, sup, dine, eat.
kahve coffee; synonyms (n) brown, chocolate, cocoa,
beige, tan, umber, (adj) auburn, brunette, russet.
kahverengi brown; synonyms (adj) chocolate,
swarthy, tanned, (n) brunette, brownness, tan, (v)
sear, cook, fry; antonym (adj) pale.
kaide 1. base (alak, baz, taban, temel, s);

antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. basis;
synonyms (n) base, gist, bed, beginning, footing,
fundamental, root, cause, cornerstone, derivation,
justification, nucleus, reason, motive, essence, 3.
principle (ilke); synonyms (n) origin, method,
252
Turkish - English
rule, doctrine, dogma, element, law, precept, tenet,

integrity, canon, formula, maxim, nature, postulate.
kakma push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt,
poke, (v) drive, impel, crowd, force, jab, jostle,
nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull,
drag, haul.
kalabalk 1. crowded; synonyms (adj) close, compact,
congested, busy, dense, full, packed, populous,
jammed, cramped, teeming, thick, tight, (n)
thronged; antonyms (adj) empty, sparse, 2. crowd;
synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew,
press, circle, cluster, army, assembly, concourse,
congregation, (v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress;
antonym (v) disperse, 3. flock (sr); synonyms
(n) crowd, band, bevy, covey, gang, herd, horde,
pack, troop, cloud, batch, (v) assemble, mass,
clump, collect, 4. mob; synonyms (n) rabble,
company, clamor, body, group, masses, multitude,
party, ring, rout, association, drove, people, (v)
throng, crush, 5. host; synonyms (n) mob, legion,
emcee, heap, array, battalion, innkeeper, landlord,
server, beads, 6. dense (youn); synonyms (adj)
crowded, deep, crass, dim, dull, heavy,
impenetrable, solid, stupid, concentrated, dumb,
firm, gross, lush, obtuse; antonyms (adj) bright,
insightful, loose, clever, intelligent, readable,
simple, 7. press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n)
jam, closet, newspaper, (v) force, coerce, exhort,
mash, push, urge, clasp, hug, pinch, pressure,
squash, (adj) constrain.
kalan 1. remainder (artk, bakiye); synonyms (n)
excess, leftover, remain, remnant, end, overplus,
residue, balance, oddment, rest, leftovers, relic,
remains, remnants, residual, 2. balance (denge,
remainder, account, complement, counterpoise,
credit, equality, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset,
compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n)
imbalance, (v) unbalance, 3. rest (dinlenme);
synonyms (n) repose, pause, recess, relaxation,
leisure, break, quiet, respite, halt, (v) nap, sleep,
ease, lie, perch, abide; antonym (v) work.
kalay tin; synonyms (n) can, canister, container, rhino,
dust, blunt, cannister, mopus, mould, (v) pot,
preserve, cure, bottle, embalm, kyanize.
kalbur screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade,
cloak.
kalburst select (seme, semek); synonyms (v)
pick, extract, adopt, choose, elect, excellent, prefer,
excerpt, assign, opt, appoint, (adj) choice, exclusive,
chosen, best; antonym (v) reject.
kala hip; synonyms (n) haunch, coxa, loin, pelvis,
(adj) hep, stylish, chic, in, popular.
kaldrm pavement; synonyms (n) footpath, paving,
walk, path, pathway, sidewalk, ground, trottoir.
kaldrma 1. lift (asansr, kaldrmak); synonyms

(n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise,
elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer,
pinch, rear, 2. lifting; synonyms (n) raising,
hoisting, rising, copying, jacking, plagiarism,
restyling, bootlegging, (adj) elating, enlivening,
exciting, invigorating, thrilling, bracing,
breathtaking.
kaldrmak 1. lift (asansr); synonyms (n) elevator,
boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect,
filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, 2.
remove; synonyms (v) oust, take, pull, eject, expel,
deduct, discharge, strip, delete, erase, evacuate,
extract, abolish, get, (adj) clear; antonyms (v) insert,
install, place, 3. raise (toplamak, ykseltmek);
synonyms (v) lift, increase, build, enhance, foster,
grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, exalt,
excite, heighten, levy, nurture; antonym (v) lower,
4. cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek);

synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, expunge, invalidate,
remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate,
obliterate, repeal, annihilate, counteract, (adj)
nullify; antonym (v) validate, 5. support
(dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n)
help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance,
patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage,
maintain, bear, carry; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v)
oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject,
weaken, 6. receive (almak, kabul etmek);
synonyms (v) accept, admit, assume, adopt, have,
obtain, welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace,
gather, greet, hear, earn, own.
kale 1. castle; synonyms (n) rook, citadel, fortification,
fortress, castling, fort, keep, mansion, palace,
stronghold, tower, house, chateau, court, (v)
donjon, 2. goal (hedef); synonyms (n) aim, butt,
design, destination, end, purpose, basket, ambition,
intent, intention, object, objective, target, aspiration,
limit, 3. fort; synonyms (n) castle, bastion, defense,
bulwark, garrison, refuge, (v) fortify, sconce, 4.
keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve,
retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain,
commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 5. tower
(bur, kule); synonyms (n) column, pinnacle,
monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise, loom,
building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, mount, (adj)
pillar.
kaleci goalkeeper; synonyms (n) goalie, goaltender,
netkeeper, netminder.
kalem 1. item (madde, para); synonyms (n) piece,
detail, article, entry, object, point, subject, thing,
affair, event, clause, component, entity, fact, (adv)
also, 2. pen; synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint,
enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, (v) enclose,
confine, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose,
Turkish - English
3. pencil; synonyms (n) pen, beam, clump, cluster,
gleam, group, light, (v) brush, draw, design, paint.
kalibre gauge (l); synonyms (n) criterion, caliber,
gage, calibre, (v) estimate, measure, calculate,
assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast,
scale, appraise.
kalc permanent; synonyms (adj) durable, lasting,
fixed, eternal, everlasting, fast, perennial, enduring,
immutable, indelible, abiding, continual,
continuing, (v) constant, continuous; antonyms (adj)
fleeting, temporary, brief, impermanent,
provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial.
kalifiye qualified; synonyms (adj) competent, capable,
eligible, efficient, conditional, fit, proficient, able,
clever, expert, adequate, certified, limited,
restricted, fitted; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total,
unofficial, definite.
kaln 1. thick; synonyms (adj) dense, compact, stupid,
crowded, dull, heavy, opaque, slow, stocky, close,
deep, dim, familiar, fat, gross; antonyms (adj) thin,
intelligent, bright, sparse, clever, diluted, fine,
slight, transparent, 2. coarse (kaba); synonyms
(adj) barbarous, boorish, brutal, crude, rough,
vulgar, bawdy, blunt, broad, common, earthy,
harsh, rude, uncivilized, brutish; antonyms (adj)
refined, smooth, sophisticated, 3. bold; synonyms
(adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute,
arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless,
heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave;
antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest.
kalnlk thickness; synonyms (n) density,
consistency, width, layer, heaviness, body, breadth,
bulk, compactness, crassitude, diameter, substance.
kalnt 1. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms
unbalance, 2. trace (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n)
line, shadow, spot, clue, dash, hint, indication,
mark, shade, sign, suggestion, touch, (v) track, hunt,
pursue.
kalp 1. cast (atmak); synonyms (v) hurl, throw,
form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump,
figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold,
2. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design,
fashion, example, norm, order, paragon, cast,
arrangement, configuration, copy, exemplar,
formula, guide, make, 3. cake (kek); synonyms (n)
bar, block, pastry, lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj)
clot, fix, 4. model (manken, model, rnek);
synonyms (n) image, dummy, prototype, frame,
lesson, archetype, epitome, manikin, mannequin,
original, paradigm, template, (adj) ideal, (v) pattern,
imitate; antonym (adj) atypical, 5. bar (bar,
ubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line,
pub, snag, (v) ban, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest,
253
balk, dam, foreclose, confine; antonyms (v) permit,

allow, 6. mould; synonyms (n) mildew, molding,
moulding, modeling, fit, punch, (v) forge, knead,
carve, work, influence, 7. matrix (matris);
synonyms (n) die, alembic, caldron, crucible,
groundmass, uterus, matter, monotype, plasm,
impression, mat, diagram, (v) gangue, course, gang,
8. form (biim, form); synonyms (n) arrange,
ceremony, class, conformation, (v) build, constitute,
establish, construct, create, do, compose, comprise,
contrive, devise, generate, 9. stamp (damga,
posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand,
cachet, emblem, earmark, hallmark, (v) imprint,
print, impress, trample, characterize, note, emboss,
mint, 10. shape (biim, ekil); synonyms (n)
condition, outline, fitness, body, contour, guise,
mode, profile, situation, (v) determine, adjust,
regulate, adapt, configure, cut.
kalt inheritance; synonyms (n) heritage, heredity,
heirloom, legacy, dowry, estate, appanage,
acquisition, dower, genetics, (v) descent.
kalite 1. quality (nitelik); synonyms (n) nature,
character, characteristic, class, condition, feature,
grade, distinction, faculty, description, mark,
attribute, caliber, part, peculiarity; antonym (adj)
shoddy, 2. water (su, sulamak); synonyms (n)
urine, moisture, juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph,
pee, piddle, (v) irrigate, moisten, wet, soak,
dampen, dilute.
kaliteli choice (seim); synonyms (n) vote,
alternative, favorite, option, preference, selection,
election, pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj)
best, excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj)
inferior.
kalitesiz cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive,
kaltm inheritance (kalt); synonyms (n) heritage,
heredity, heirloom, legacy, dowry, estate,
appanage, acquisition, dower, genetics, (v) descent.
kalkan shield (korumak, siper); synonyms (n)
screen, shelter, buffer, armor, protection, shade, (v)
cover, guard, safeguard, preserve, secure, defend,
hide, protect, buckler; antonym (v) expose.
kalker limestone; synonyms (n) chalk, mineral,
sandstone, stone, granite, marble.
kalknma development; synonyms (n) evolution,
course, growth, improvement, increase, progress,
spread, advance, augmentation, change,
developing, effect, elaboration, expansion,
movement; antonyms (n) deterioration, decline,
neglect, decrease.
kalk departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave,
254
Turkish - English

decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance.
kalkma attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try,
undertake.
kalkmak 1. dare; synonyms (v) defy, brave, hazard,
confront, resist, risk, disobey, (n) challenge,
venture, adventure, daring, defiance, 2. attempt
(yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay,
effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, bid,
exertion, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake.
kalkmak 1. arise; synonyms (v) rise, appear, ascend,
emerge, issue, mount, originate, proceed, result,
awake, commence, develop, emanate, ensue,
follow, 2. rise (ykselmek); synonyms (n)
elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising,
advancement, advance, (v) climb, increase, heave,
arise, jump, grow; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall,
decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire, 3.
leave (brakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake,
go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, (n)
furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj)
empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain,
approach, change, come.
kalle rat (san); synonyms (n) grass, informer,
defect, inform.
kalma stay (kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside,
rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause,
arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt;
kalmak 1. stay (kalma); synonyms (v) remain,
antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 2.
continue (srdrmek); synonyms (v) keep,
persevere, sustain, be, extend, last, maintain,
persist, preserve, proceed, resume, stand, stay, (n)
hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) end, cease,
discontinue, 3. remain; synonyms (v) linger, live,
exist, stick, attend, lie, detain, hang, inhabit, retain,
subsist, survive, tarry, prevail, wait, 4. stand
(ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) stall,
undergo, suffer, tolerate, erect, accept, bear, brook,
digest, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal,
position; antonym (v) sit, 5. stop (durak,
block, close, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch,
disrupt, finish, hinder, impede, intercept, (n) check,
bar, curb, (adj) quit; antonyms (v) start, begin,
encourage, permit.
kalp heart (yrek); synonyms (n) core, center, spirit,
affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux,

antonym (n) edge.
kaln bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious,
manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous,
daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart,
bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid,
modest.
kamara cabin (kulbe); synonyms (n) booth, hut,
chamber, cot, lodge, room, shed, stall, apartment.
kamarot steward; synonyms (n) custodian, keeper,
waiter, warden, attendant, curator, agent,
supervisor, questor, receiver.
kambiyo exchange (santral); synonyms (n)
commutation, swap, switch, commerce, conversion,
substitute, (v) change, barter, interchange,
commute, counterchange, alternate, alter, cash,
convert.
kam whip; synonyms (n) coachman, (v) scourge,
lash, flog, strap, beat, flagellate, goad, punish, stir,
thrash, trounce, wallop, chastise, cane.
kamlamak 1. whip; synonyms (n) coachman, (v)
scourge, lash, flog, strap, beat, flagellate, goad,
punish, stir, thrash, trounce, wallop, chastise, cane,
2. stimulate (tevik etmek); synonyms (v) excite,
incite, arouse, encourage, enliven, inspire, prompt,
provoke, animate, awaken, drive, energize,
exhilarate, hasten, (adj) quicken; antonym (v)
defuse.
kamer moon (ay); synonyms (n) lunation, moonlight,
moonshine, satellite, epoch, bootleg, (v) daydream,
dream, fantasize, bemuse, gaze, glare, meditate,
(adj) quicksilver, weathercock.
kam 1. reed; synonyms (n) triangle, xylophone,
arrow, pipe, dart, stalk, fistula, javelin, jereed, jerid,
lance, pen, pike, spear, (adj) thread, 2. penis;
synonyms (n) member, phallus, appendage,
extremity, 3. straw (saman); synonyms (n) chaff,
rush, husk, shuck, (v) cover, strew, (adj) feather,
cobweb, down, dust, flue, gossamer, mote.
kamp camp; synonyms (n) bivouac, encampment,
faction, base, barracks, cantonment, side, sect, (v)
encamp, pitch, tent, (adj) campy.
kampanya campaign; synonyms (n) crusade, battle,
expedition, movement, struggle, war, cause, drive,
effort, (v) fight, course, canvass, run, advertize,
agitate.
kamu public (genel); synonyms (adj) common,
national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual,
popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community, people,
populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms (adj)
private, confidential, personal.
kamulatrmak impress; synonyms (v) imprint,
affect, mark, move, print, inscribe, instill, touch,
emboss, dent, inculcate, strike, (n) stamp,
impression, press.
Turkish - English
255
kamusal public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj)
kanck bitch (orospu); synonyms (n) beef, moan,

mutual, popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community,
people, populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms
(adj) private, confidential, personal.
kamyon 1. lorry; synonyms (n) dray, camion, cart,
truck, waggon, wagon, wain, 2. truck; synonyms
(n) traffic, car, trade, van, bogie, automobile, cap,
crest, motortruck, tub, (v) exchange, barter, swap,
swop, transport.
kamyonet van; synonyms (n) caravan, vehicle, front,
truck, vanguard, carriage, car, bus, conveyance,
head, (v) automobile, train.
kan 1. blood; synonyms (n) ancestry, birth, gore,
descent, family, kindred, lineage, origin, beau,
bloodshed, consanguinity, coxcomb, exquisite,
extraction, (adj) humor, 2. strain; synonyms (n)
stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter,
screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate,
pull; antonym (v) relax.
kanaat 1. conviction; synonyms (n) assurance, belief,
certainty, condemnation, confidence, persuasion,
faith, trust, firmness, creed, determination,
doctrine, judgment, reliance, security; antonym (n)
uncertainty, 2. opinion (fikir); synonyms (n)
feeling, notion, idea, advice, conjecture, guess,
impression, meaning, mind, view, counsel,
comment, estimate, decision, conviction.
kanal 1. channel; synonyms (n) canal, conduit,
groove, drain, duct, line, passage, trough,
waterway, aqueduct, link, hollow, (v) carry,
conduct, convey, 2. canal; synonyms (n) channel,
sound, adit, culvert, trench, ditch, pipe, stream,
vessel, watercourse, (v) canalize, 3. drain;
synonyms (n) dike, sewer, tax, (v) deplete, waste,
exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, tire, (adj)
cloaca, dissipate, spill; antonym (v) bolster, 4.
vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, container, craft,
jar, vas, bowl, pan, receptacle, basin, tube,
watercraft, bottle.
kanalizasyon drainage (drenaj); synonyms (n)
drain, drive, emanation, tapping, hydrography, (adj)
arefaction, dephlegmation.
kanat wing (ek bina); synonyms (n) annex, arm,
fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension, pennon,
feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly, soar.
kanatlanmak wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n)
annex, arm, fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension,
pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly,
soar.
kanavie canvas (tuval); synonyms (n) picture,
duck, sail, sheet, (v) canvass, painting, tableau.
kanca hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw,
cunt, hen, kick, shrew, slut, trollop, (v) gripe,

complain, backbite, protest, squawk, (adj) botch.
kandrma deception (aldanma); synonyms (n)
deceit, illusion, trick, betrayal, delusion, fake,
pretense, bluff, artifice, cheating, con, duplicity,
fallacy, falsehood, (v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty.
kandrmak 1. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n)
deceit, deception, joke, prank, device, dupe,
stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham,
con, mislead, beguile, 2. induce; synonyms (v)
attract, generate, cause, tempt, impel, bring, create,
draw, engender, beget, get, infer, persuade, drive,
coax, 3. persuade; synonyms (v) convince,
inveigle, allure, assure, cajole, entice, induce,
influence, argue, exhort, lure, incite, wheedle, lead,
instigate; antonyms (v) discourage, dissuade.
kanepe sofa; synonyms (n) couch, lounge, bench,
chair, form, stall, stool, bed, futon.
kan 1. opinion (fikir); synonyms (n) judgment,
feeling, notion, idea, belief, advice, conjecture,
guess, impression, meaning, mind, view, counsel,
comment, estimate, 2. thought; synonyms (v)
observation, (n) opinion, conception, consideration,
reflection, sentiment, concept, apprehension,
attention, care, cogitation, design, fancy, plan,
thinking; antonym (n) fact, 3. conclusion;
synonyms (n) closure, close, end, result, cessation,
completion, sequel, termination, decision,
dissolution, ending, epilogue, finale, finish, (v)
closing; antonyms (n) beginning, start, opening,
preface, 4. view (bak, bakmak, grnm,
manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, scene,
outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, position, show,
spectacle, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, 5.
sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n)
intelligence, perception, sensation, logic,
awareness, experience, reason, understanding,
purport, (v) feel, intellect, perceive, scent, detect,
brains; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness,
kant 1. evidence; synonyms (n) confirmation, mark,
proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration,
sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate,
attest, certify, manifest, 2. proof; synonyms (n)
probation, authentication, evidence, substantiation,
essay, criterion, establishment, pull, reason,
support, test, 3. argument (tartma); synonyms
(n) controversy, debate, matter, hassle, altercation,
arguing, brawl, clash, contention, difference,
disagreement, discussion, fight, justification,
quarrel; antonyms (n) agreement, harmony, 4.
confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation, approval,
corroboration, ratification, sanction, check,
endorsement, averment, visa, acknowledgment,
admission, statement, settlement; antonym (n)
256
Turkish - English
contradiction, 5. witness; synonyms (n) spectator,

bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer, testifier,
beholder, testify, attestant, viewer, (v) observe,
notice, see, view, watch; antonym (n) participant.
kantlama proof (kant); synonyms (n) confirmation,
kantlamak 1. prove; synonyms (v) demonstrate,
attest, confirm, manifest, establish, evidence,
examine, show, approve, assert, authenticate,
check, corroborate, essay, evince; antonym (v)
disprove, 2. establish; synonyms (v) erect, prove,
appoint, base, build, constitute, settle, arrange,
ascertain, create, determine, fix, found, institute,
begin; antonyms (v) abolish, terminate, 3. show
broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, disclose,
give, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce,
ostentation, presentation, pageant; antonyms (v)
conceal, hide, 4. support (dayanak, destek,
keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist,
prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost;
kanl bloody; synonyms (adj) gory, bleeding,
bloodthirsty, damned, murderous, raw,
sanguinary, sanguine, sanguineous, savage, rare,
(adv) damn; antonym (adj) bloodless.
kanser cancer; synonyms (n) canker, tumor, growth,
blight, corruption, curse, evil, disease, mormal,
plague, poison, gangrene, (adj) leukemia, sting,
thorn.
kantin canteen; synonyms (n) flask, bottle, estaminet,
posada, cafeteria, hall, amphora, bar, barrel, butt,
caldron, carboy, cask, container, crock.
kanun 1. law (hukuk, yasa); synonyms (n) rule,
canon, decree, act, edict, regulation, enactment,
ruling, axiom, directive, 2. act (davranmak,
hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n)
accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, do,
feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform,
acquit, enact, feign; antonym (v) refrain, 3. statute
(kural, yasa); synonyms (n) law, ordinance,
constitution, charter, code, bill, pandect,
proclamation, 4. code (kod, kodlamak);
synonyms (n) cipher, key, codex, (v) cypher, encode,
encipher, encrypt, 5. canon; synonyms (n)
doctrine, criterion, formula, creed, prebendary, 6.
rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, dominion,
regulate, reign, authority, dictate, government, line,
precept, (v) command, control, influence, direct,
dominate, measure.
kanuni 1. lawful; synonyms (adj) legitimate, legal,

just, rightful, constitutional, justifiable, licit,
permissible, regular, right, true, equitable, fair,
admissible, (n) allowable; antonyms (adj) illegal,
unlawful, 2. legal (yasal); synonyms (adj) lawful,
sound, valid, juridical, judicial, correct, sanctioned,
official, authentic, effectual, healthy, heavy, (v)
chartered; antonym (adj) bogus, 3. statutory;
synonyms (adj) statutable, canonical.
kanunsuz 1. illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal,
forbidden, prohibited, unauthorized, unlawful,
illegitimate, illicit, lawless, taboo, wrongful;
antonyms (adj) legal, lawful, honest, legitimate,
official, 2. unlawful; synonyms (adj) illegal,
improper, irregular, outlaw, unfair, contraband,
crooked, outlawed, unconventional, wrong.
kaos chaos; synonyms (n) anarchy, bedlam, clutter,
disarray, disorder, jumble, mess, muddle,
pandemonium, uproar, mix-up, commotion,
confusion, havoc, hubbub; antonyms (n) order,
peace, orderliness, regulation.
kap 1. container; synonyms (n) box, jar, package,
basket, carton, cylinder, envelope, pan, pot, vessel,
bin, parcel, cistern, barrel, bottle, 2. pot; synonyms
(n) caldron, boiler, can, bucket, belly, cannabis,
commode, container, flowerpot, grass, heap, jug,
pile, (adj) deal, marijuana, 3. vessel; synonyms (n)
ship, boat, craft, duct, vas, bowl, canal, receptacle,
basin, tube, watercraft, pipe.
kapak 1. lid; synonyms (n) cover, top, chapeau,
eyelid, hat, closure, restriction, covercle, palpebra,
2. cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal,
camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield,
spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover.
kapal 1. off; synonyms (adv) by, forth, beyond, over,
aside, gone, abreast, (adj) away, bad, putrid, remote,
down, rotten, wide, (int) out; antonyms (adj) fresh,
on, 2. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
approximate, narrow, brief, (v) compact, stop,
conclude, (adv) about, (n) end, finish, conclusion;
antonyms (adj) distant, airy, loose, far, (v) open,
start, 3. covered; synonyms (adj) hidden, veiled,
concealed, covert, coated, masked, obscured, secret,
shrouded, thick, wrapped, (prep) cloaked; antonyms
(adj) bare, naked, 4. closed; synonyms (v) close,
adjoining, attentive, (adj) blind, blocked, finished,
shut, congested, fastened, exclusive, insular,
stopped, airtight, benighted, black, 5. shut
(kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (v) bar, seal,
fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, (n) confine.
kapama 1. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage,
barrier, enclosing, pen, hedge, addition, sty, case,
envelopment, fencing, inclosure, insert, railing,
ring, 2. closure; synonyms (n) closing, close,
blockade, blockage, closedown, ending, occlusion,
Turkish - English
stop, stoppage, plug, conclusion, end, period, (v)
cloture, halt; antonym (n) inauguration.
kapamak 1. close (kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near,
adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate,
narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about,
(n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant,
airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. shut
(kapatmak); synonyms (v) close, bar, seal, fasten,
exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, (n) confine, 3. block
(blok, tkamak); synonyms (n) barricade, pad,
clog, cluster, barrier, blocking, (v) arrest, hinder,
encumber, halt, obstruct, parry, plug, blockade, (adj)
lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, 4. cover
(rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury,
cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding,
antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 5. seal
(damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet,
hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, print, brand,
(v) shut, clinch, cement, settle, bolt, (adj) fix;
antonym (v) unseal.
kapan trap (tuzak, yakalamak); synonyms (n)
snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose,
entanglement, ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap,
ensnare, trick, entangle, capture.
kapan closing; synonyms (adj) final, last, ultimate,
concluding, terminal, (n) closure, end, finish, close,
conclusion, ending, completion, shutdown,
shutting, stop; antonym (n) opening.
kapanma closure; synonyms (n) closing, close,
blockade, blockage, closedown, ending, occlusion,
stop, stoppage, plug, conclusion, end, period, (v)
cloture, halt; antonym (n) inauguration.
kapanmak shut (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
(v) close, bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed,
cut, tight, (n) end, finish, confine; antonym (v) open.
kapanm shut (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
(v) close, bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed,
cut, tight, (n) end, finish, confine; antonym (v) open.
kaparo deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge,
kapasite 1. capacity; synonyms (n) capability,
aptitude, capacitance, function, intelligence, talent,
might, dimension, content, endowment, faculty,
gift, measure, position, (adj) ability; antonyms (n)
inability, incapability, 2. capability (yetenek);
synonyms (n) capacity, capableness, competence,
potency, potential, power, qualification, aptness,
efficiency, expertise, flair, potentiality, proficiency,
skill, susceptibility; antonym (n) failure.
Kapat close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj)
near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate,
257
airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start.

kapatma 1. closing; synonyms (adj) final, last,
ultimate, concluding, terminal, (n) closure, end,
finish, close, conclusion, ending, completion,
shutdown, shutting, stop; antonym (n) opening, 2.
closure; synonyms (n) closing, blockade, blockage,
closedown, occlusion, stoppage, plug, period,
block, recess, (v) cloture, halt; antonym (n)
inauguration.
kapatmak 1. close (kapamak); synonyms (adj) near,
airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. shut
(kapamak); synonyms (v) close, bar, seal, fasten,
exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, (n) confine, 3. cover
cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding,
antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 4. pen
(kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint,
enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, prison, (v)
enclose, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose.
kap 1. gate; synonyms (n) entrance, door, entry,
mouth, doorway, exit, port, approach, threshold,
gateway, opening, porch, portal, way, turnout, 2.
door; synonyms (n) gate, access, entryway, hatch,
inlet, wicket, chops, covercle, 3. port (liman);
synonyms (n) harbor, haven, asylum, carriage,
demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock,
embrasure, harbour, interface, (adj) larboard, left;
kapc porter (hamal); synonyms (n) carrier,
doorkeeper, gatekeeper, janitor, caretaker,
doorman, ostiary, concierge, redcap.
kap grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get,
seizure.
kapital capital (bakent, byk harf); synonyms
(n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means,
kapitalist capitalist; synonyms (adj) capitalistic,
commercial, consumer, (n) financier, banker,
businessman, businessperson, businesswoman,
employer, entrepreneur, magnate, manufacturer,
tycoon, backer, boss; antonym (adj) collective.
kapitalizm capitalism; synonyms (n) democracy,
commercialism, competition, entrepreneurship,
industrialism, mercantilism; antonyms (n)
collectivism, communism, socialism.
kaplama covering; synonyms (n) coating, cover,
clothing, blanket, coat, casing, apparel, case,
258
Turkish - English
concealment, wrapper, awning, canopy, crust,

envelope, film.
kaplamak 1. face (ehre, surat, yz); synonyms (n)
look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top,
exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront,
audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v)
avoid, back, 2. cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat,
conceal, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen,
binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask,
shield, spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose,
uncover, 3. coat (palto); synonyms (n) cover,
coating, crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, case,
casing, (v) sheath, plaster, glaze, finish, paint, 4.
line (izgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house,
border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order.
kaplan tiger; synonyms (n) cat, hostler, jockey, ostler,
endangered, male, mania, obsession, phobia, (adj)
demon, dragon, fury, lion, manly, muscular.
kapma grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get,
seizure.
kapmak grab; synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch,
appropriate, clasp, clutch, fascinate, grapple, rob,
seize, assume, attract, (n) arrest, catch, seizure.
kapsam 1. scope; synonyms (n) range, reach, domain,
purview, room, expanse, area, compass, drift,
extent, oscilloscope, gamut, chance, amplitude, (v)
view, 2. extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension,
amount, bulk, distance, boundary, breadth,
dimension, gauge, length, measure, quantity,
scope, space, spread, 3. comprehension;
synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, grasp,
inclusion, intelligence, knowledge, understanding,
wit, capacity, familiarity, acumen, appreciation,
misunderstanding, incomprehension.
kapsama inclusion; synonyms (n) comprehension,
implication, incorporation, addition, embodiment,
amalgamation, assimilation, belonging,
combination, epitome, integration, merger,
absorption, attachment, composition; antonyms (n)
exclusion, exception.
kapsamak 1. include (iermek); synonyms (v) hold,
comprise, contain, embody, encompass, insert,
comprehend, embrace, implicate, involve, number,
add, admit, enclose, have; antonym (v) exclude, 2.
blanket (battaniye); synonyms (n) bedding, sheet,
counterpane, covering, coverlet, (v) cloak, cover,
(adj) sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global,
generic, wholesale, broad, general, 3. cover
veil, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage,
cap, lid, mask, shield, spread; antonyms (v) reveal,
expose, uncover, 4. contain; synonyms (v)
accommodate, curb, include, bear, carry, check,
confine, control, restrain, restrict, suppress, take,

accept, arrest, encircle; antonym (v) express.
kapsaml 1. comprehensive; synonyms (adj)
capacious, broad, extensive, inclusive, complete,
detailed, exhaustive, full, large, overall, sweeping,
thorough, total, universal, wide; antonyms (adj)
narrow, partial, noncomprehensive, restricted, 2.
wide (geni); synonyms (adj) spacious, roomy,
comprehensive, ample, vast, expanded, extended,
open, big, deep, expansive, liberal, thick, blanket,
tolerant; antonym (adj) thin.
kaptan 1. captain; synonyms (n) chief, head, leader,
master, boss, chieftain, commander, commodore,
guide, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v) govern,
manage, 2. skipper; synonyms (n) captain,
lieutenant, (v) navigate.
kaput hood; synonyms (n) cap, bonnet, cowl, cover,
hat, coif, headdress, hoodlum, thug, malefactor,
gangster, helmet, hooligan, punk, cowling.
kar snow; synonyms (n) cocaine, coke, precipitation,
snowfall, bark, barque, brig, cocain, ship, (v)
beguile, overwhelm, bamboozle, hoodwink.
kr benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain,
good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service,
use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help;
antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v)
harm.
kara 1. black (siyah); synonyms (adj) dark, sable,
blackamoor, bleak, darkie, dirty, ebony, evil,
nigger, unclean, cheerless, squalid, (v) sinister,
villainous, blacken; antonym (n) white, 2. land
(toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field,
kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v)
disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj)
aquatic.
karabasan nightmare; synonyms (n) dream, incubus,
fantasy, terror, bugbear, fancy, trial, vision.
karaca deer (geyik); synonyms (n) stag, cervid,
antelopes, bison, camels, cattle, chevrotains, fox,
vixen, giraffes, goats, sheep.
karacier liver; synonyms (n) denizen, resident.
karada ashore; synonyms (adv) aground, shorewards,
(adj) beached, stranded, grounded, stuck.
karakalem charcoal; synonyms (n) coal, fusain,
anthracite, chark, culm, (v) carbon, coke, crayons,
pastel, (adj) soot, crow, raven, sloe, smut, black.
karakol post (posta); synonyms (n) place, function,
office, position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth,
column, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay.
karakter 1. character; synonyms (n) kind, nature,
standing, 2. fibre; synonyms (n) fiber, character,
case, grapheme, lineament, persona, reference,
shred, toughness, 3. self (kendi, z); synonyms
(n) ego, person, being, individual, someone,
Turkish - English
essence, individuality, personality, selfness, soul,
(adj) same.
karakteristik characteristic (zellik); synonyms
(adj) distinctive, individual, typical, original,
natural, representative, special, (n) badge, attribute,
sign, character, feature, peculiar, peculiarity, point;
antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic, common.
karalamak scratch (izik, kamak); synonyms (n)
score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut,
groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake,
grate.
karamsar low (alak); synonyms (adj) contemptible,
abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep,
piercing, (n) high.
karanlk 1. darkness; synonyms (n) dark, night,
shade, shadow, blindness, duskiness, gloom, murk,
cloud, cloudiness, dimness, gloominess, iniquity,
mirk, murkiness; antonyms (n) light, brightness,
lightness, 2. gloom; synonyms (n) desolation,
blackness, darkness, depression, dusk, dreariness,
dejection, despair, despondency, grief, melancholy,
misery, glumness, (v) scowl, (adj) obscurity;
antonyms (n) happiness, cheerfulness, 3. obscure;
synonyms (adj) cloudy, dim, gloomy, ambiguous,
concealed, darken, hidden, incomprehensible,
muddy, mysterious, clandestine, (v) hide, blur,
conceal, confuse; antonyms (adj) clear, noticeable,
simple, obvious, distinct, mainstream, (v) clarify, 4.
dark (koyu); synonyms (adj) black, dismal,
cheerless, obscure, blind, blue, deep, murky, sable,
abstruse, cryptic, thick, benighted, bleak, (n)
evening; antonyms (adj) bright, sunny, fair, pale,
pallid, sunlit, (n) day, 5. gloomy; synonyms (adj)
dejected, depressing, desolate, disconsolate,
downcast, dingy, downhearted, dull, funereal, sad,
dispirited, depressed, despondent, doleful, drab;
antonyms (adj) cheerful, cheery, encouraging,
happy, hopeful, 6. night (akam, gece);
synonyms (n) nighttime, twilight, (adj) nocturnal, 7.
shadow (glge); synonyms (n) ghost, tail, trace,
hint, apparition, follower, phantom, reflection,
umbrage, silhouette, (v) eclipse, follow,
karar 1. decision; synonyms (n) conclusion,
determination, resolution, sentence, verdict,
arbitration, ruling, choice, will, constancy,
agreement, decisiveness, decree, (v) judgment,
award, 2. decree; synonyms (n) command, act,
edict, decision, dictate, finding, bylaw, directive, (v)
order, decide, enact, ordain, rule, enjoin, appoint,
3. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure, close, end,
result, cessation, completion, sequel, termination,
dissolution, ending, epilogue, finale, finish, last, (v)
closing; antonyms (n) beginning, start, opening,
259
preface, 4. resolve (zmek); synonyms (v)

determine, solve, conclude, decompose, dissolve,
settle, explain, melt, do, (n) purpose, firmness,
answer, analyze, resoluteness, dissect; antonyms
(n) indecision, weakness, 5. resolution; synonyms
(n) resolve, solution, decomposition, analysis,
fortitude, perseverance, settlement, dissection,
conversion, courage, explanation, breakdown,
motion, steadfastness, declaration; antonym (n)
indecisiveness, 6. verdict, 7. judgement;
synonyms (n) discretion, assessment, discernment,
opinion, belief, judging, mind, perspicacity,
sagacity, 8. award; synonyms (n) accolade,
decoration, medal, prize, commendation, (v) accord,
grant, bestow, confer, honor, present, assign, give,
allow, allot, 9. finding; synonyms (n) detection,
discovery, breakthrough, find, 10. sentence
(tmce); synonyms (n) condemnation, conviction,
phrase, penalty, punishment, dictum, (v) condemn,
convict, doom, judge, damn, adjudge, saying,
proscribe, adjudicate.
kararlatrlm fixed (deimez, sabit); synonyms
(adj) determined, definite, steady, constant, durable,
certain, decided, determinate, established, fast,
fastened, intent, permanent, (v) stable, (adv) firm;
changeable, movable, separate, variable, compliant,
loose, moveable, portable, removable, temporary.
kararlatrmak 1. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign,
determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, adjust,
arrange, set, clamp, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm,
attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 2.
determine; synonyms (v) decide, resolve, appoint,
adjudicate, conclude, measure, specify, designate,
decree, assess, choose, detect, estimate, fix, judge,
3. arrange (dzenlemek); synonyms (v) dress,
order, pack, adapt, agree, classify, compose,
decorate, do, engineer, provide, put, reconcile,
straighten, display; antonyms (v) disturb,
disarrange, 4. decide; synonyms (v) try, arbitrate,
purpose, rule, select, deem, consider, end, figure,
finalize, find, opt, solve; antonym (v) waver, 5.
settle; synonyms (v) place, clarify, pay, regulate,
drop, explain, fall, subside, accommodate,
negotiate, sit, stay, calm, complete, (n) locate.
kararl 1. decisive; synonyms (adj) conclusive,
critical, crucial, decided, definite, final, important,
positive, authoritative, convincing, definitive,
determined, (v) absolute, categorical, determinate;
antonyms (adj) indecisive, uncertain, unsure, weak,
2. determined; synonyms (adj) constant, resolute,
certain, decisive, inflexible, resolved, stubborn,
ambitious, adamant, bold, firm, obstinate, set,
tenacious, unyielding; antonyms (adj) irresolute,
feeble, unmotivated, 3. decided; synonyms (v)
clear, emphatic, marked, settled, unqualified, (adj)
distinct, unmistakable, fixed, peremptory,
260
Turkish - English
unequivocal, finished, stark, sure; antonym (adj)

undecided, 4. stable; synonyms (adj) permanent,
reliable, durable, fast, lasting, secure, stationary,
enduring, hard, persistent, solid, sound, steady,
immovable, immobile; antonyms (adj) unstable,
shaky, wobbly, dangerous, precarious, rickety,
volatile, 5. resolved; synonyms (adj) intent, solved,
bent.
kararllk 1. stability (denge); synonyms (n)
constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, poise,
steadiness; antonym (n) instability, 2.
determination (belirleme, saptama); synonyms
(n) decision, conclusion, definition, resolution,
assessment, courage, fortitude, grit, judgment, (v)
award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness,
compliance, indecisiveness, 3. decision (karar);
synonyms (n) determination, sentence, verdict,
arbitration, ruling, choice, agreement, decree,
discrimination, finality, finding, result, (v) doom, 4.
resolution; synonyms (n) answer, purpose,
solution, decomposition, analysis, dissolution,
perseverance, resoluteness, settlement, dissection,
conversion, explanation, breakdown, motion,
steadfastness.
kararmak dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy,
brighten.
kararname decree; synonyms (n) command, act,
edict, decision, dictate, finding, judgment, verdict,
(v) order, award, decide, enact, ordain, rule, will.
kararsz 1. inconsistent; synonyms (adj)
incongruous, incoherent, incompatible, contrary,
absurd, conflicting, inconsequent, discordant,
discrepant, erratic, illogical, irreconcilable,
abhorrent, changeable, (n) contradictory; antonyms
(adj) consistent, constant, reliable, 2. variable
(deiken); synonyms (adj) unstable, fickle,
inconstant, capricious, fitful, mutable, uncertain,
unsettled, unsteady, fluctuating, inconsistent,
shifting, variant, versatile, volatile; antonyms (adj)
fixed, invariable, regular, set, smooth, 3.
uncertain; synonyms (adj) ambiguous, doubtful,
dubious, questionable, vague, chancy, equivocal,
indistinct, precarious, suspicious, unsafe, unsure,
variable, debatable, (v) indefinite; antonyms (adj)
certain, definite, clear, decisive, sure, decided,
inevitable, safe, strong-minded, unquestionable, 4.
unstable; synonyms (adj) insecure, shaky,
unsound, fluid, unpredictable, irresolute,
unreliable, changeful, rickety, unbalanced, wobbly,
neurotic, perilous, uneasy, (v) perishable; antonyms
(adj) stable, steady.
kararszlk instability; synonyms (n) fickleness,

fluctuation, flightiness, unreliability, flux,
changeability, inconstancy, unbalance, unrest,
unstableness, vacillation, volatility, disorder,
imbalance, (adj) fugacity; antonyms (n) stability,
calm.
karartmak 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure,
cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur,
darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms
(adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v)
clear, brighten, 2. fog (sis); synonyms (n) haze,
vapor, brume, confusion, daze, damp, smoke,
cloudiness, fogginess, (v) mist, confuse, dim,
becloud, befog, hide, 3. shadow (glge);
synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness,
hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom,
reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, overshadow, track.
karavan caravan; synonyms (n) train, carriage, van,
column, conveyance, expedition, journey, parade,
party, vehicle, camels, (v) procession, cortege, file,
cavalcade.
karaya ashore; synonyms (adv) aground, shorewards,
(adj) beached, stranded, grounded, stuck.
karayolu 1. highway (anayol); synonyms (n) road,
highroad, way, course, path, route, street,
thoroughfare, 2. road (yol); synonyms (n)
passage, track, avenue, highway, line, approach,
direction, roadway, walk, access, artery, itinerary,
means, method, pathway.
karbon carbon; synonyms (n) coke, coal, anthracite,
carbonado, duplicate, facsimile, replica,
reproduction, culm, forgery, image, (v) copy,
counterfeit, imitate, (adj) equivalent.
karde 1. brother; synonyms (n) fellow, pal,
associate, buddy, chum, companion, compeer,
comrade, counterpart, crony, friend, mate, monk,
peer, sidekick; antonym (n) sister, 2. sister
(hemire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, twin,
baby, double, match, member, pair, pendant, sis.
kare 1. square; synonyms (adj) right, even,
correspond, (adv) just, 2. frame (ereve);
synonyms (n) design, border, build, fashion,
anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate,
draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive.
kareli checked; synonyms (adj) checkered, chequered,
plaid, backward, curbed, intermittent, limited,
numbered, pent-up, safe, silent, tartan, temperate.
kargaa 1. disorder (dzensizlik); synonyms (n)
ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble,
muddle, chaos, commotion, confusion,
disarrangement, disturbance, (v) derange, disarray,
confuse, perturb; antonyms (n) orderliness, calm,
peace, (v) order, 2. chaos (kaos); synonyms (n)
anarchy, bedlam, disorder, mess, pandemonium,
uproar, mix-up, havoc, hubbub, hullabaloo,
Turkish - English
mayhem, shambles, tumult, turmoil, (adj)
imbroglio; antonym (n) regulation, 3.
disturbance; synonyms (n) agitation, brawl,
derangement, dislocation, disruption, upset, din,
affray, annoyance, bother, perturbation, rumpus,
stir, upheaval, (adj) trouble, 4. confusion;
synonyms (n) bewilderment, distraction, bustle,
huddle, complication, embarrassment, flurry, fog,
litter, maze, mistake, muss, perplexity, tangle,
promiscuity; antonym (n) clarity.
kargo cargo; synonyms (n) burden, loading, freight,
wares, consignment, freightage, goods, haul,
lading, merchandise, payload, shipment, weight,
(adj) load, bushel.
kar 1. wife (e); synonyms (n) matron, missis,
companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband, 2.
dame; synonyms (n) female, gentlewoman, girl,
ma'am, skirt, wench, bird, chick, 3. woman
(kadn); synonyms (n) wife, maid, womanhood,
char, charwoman, soul, (obj) she; antonyms (n) man,
gentleman.
karn 1. belly (gbek); synonyms (n) abdomen,
bulge, 2. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) appetite,
belly, breadbasket, inclination, maw, (v) accept,
tolerate, (adj) digest.
kark 1. mixed (karma); synonyms (adj)
miscellaneous, assorted, composite, heterogeneous,
integrated, medley, impure, amalgamated, diverse,
intermingled, motley, varied, indiscriminate, (v)
blended, mingled; antonyms (adj) homogeneous,
insular, pure, 2. complicated; synonyms (adj)
complex, intricate, elaborate, hard, complicate,
awkward, convoluted, deep, difficult, knotty,
obscure, sophisticated, tortuous, tricky, (v)
involved; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward,
clear, easy.
karklk 1. disorder (dzensizlik); synonyms (n)
ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble,
peace, (v) order, 2. disturbance; synonyms (n)
agitation, disorder, turmoil, brawl, derangement,
dislocation, disruption, tumult, upset, din, affray,
annoyance, bother, perturbation, (adj) trouble, 3.
chaos (kaos); synonyms (n) anarchy, bedlam,
mess, pandemonium, uproar, mix-up, havoc,
hubbub, hullabaloo, mayhem, shambles, unrest,
(adj) imbroglio; antonym (n) regulation, 4. mess;
synonyms (n) difficulty, hodgepodge, jam, scrape,
dilemma, dirt, mash, miscellany, muss, pickle,
predicament, tangle, fix, (v) botch, soil, 5.
261
confusion; synonyms (n) bewilderment,

distraction, bustle, huddle, complication,
embarrassment, flurry, fog, litter, maze, mistake,
perplexity, promiscuity, astonishment,
consternation; antonym (n) clarity, 6. jungle;
synonyms (n) bush, forest, snarl, wood, woodland,
labyrinth, (adj) wilderness.
karm 1. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v)
alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine,
compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge,
aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate, 2.
mixture; synonyms (n) mix, assortment,
hodgepodge, jumble, medley, miscellany,
admixture, combination, commixture, compost,
melange, amalgam, brew, fusion, intermixture.
karma 1. interference (giriim); synonyms (n)
disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block, blocking,
encumbrance, hitch, inhibition, intercession,
intervention, obstruction, antagonism,
intervention (araya girme); synonyms (n)
interference, intermediation, intervene, arbitration,
intermission, (adj) mediation, interposition, 3. mix;
synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend,
intermingle, mingle, combine, compound,
confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate,
admix; antonym (v) separate.
karmak 1. interfere; synonyms (v) intercede,
obstruct, disturb, conflict, clash, hinder, impede,
intervene, meddle, tamper, interrupt, contravene,
encroach, (n) interpose, (adj) intermeddle, 2.
intervene; synonyms (v) interfere, mediate,
arbitrate, interject, intermediate, 3. mix; synonyms
(n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend,
intermingle, mingle, combine, compound,
confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate,
admix; antonym (v) separate.
karm mixed (kark, karma); synonyms (adj)
insular, pure.
kartrma 1. mixture; synonyms (n) mix, alloy,
concoction, assortment, blend, hodgepodge,
jumble, medley, miscellany, admixture,
combination, commixture, compound, compost,
melange, 2. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, (v)
intermingle, mingle, combine, confound, intermix,
join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix, immingle,
associate, coalesce, confuse; antonym (v) separate,
3. implication; synonyms (n) allusion, hint,
significance, consequence, deduction, entailment,
import, innuendo, meaning, sense, suggestion,
purport, complicity, corollary, (adj) complication.
kartrmak 1. mix; synonyms (n) mixture,
concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle,
262
Turkish - English
combine, compound, confound, intermix, join,

meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v)
separate, 2. disorder (dzensizlik); synonyms
(n) ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble,
peace, (v) order, 3. disturb; synonyms (v) agitate,
disconcert, disorder, disquiet, distract, distress,
trouble, annoy, bother, commove, concern,
disarrange, discompose, disrupt, upset; antonyms
(v) arrange, please, smooth, soothe, 4. involve;
synonyms (v) imply, contain, affect, embrace, entail,
implicate, comprise, complicate, demand,
encompass, engage, envelop, include, tangle, (n)
entangle; antonym (v) exclude, 5. stir; synonyms
(v) arouse, budge, move, rouse, excite, inspire, go,
cause, foment, (n) movement, excitement, agitation,
fuss, riot, (adj) bustle.
kariyer career; synonyms (n) calling, race, profession,
vocation, business, craft, life, occupation, pursuit,
(adj) job, occupational, (v) course, dash, speed, fly.
krl beneficial; synonyms (adj) advantageous,
antonyms (adj) useless, disadvantageous, harmful.
karma 1. mixed (kark); synonyms (adj)
insular, pure, 2. composite; synonyms (adj)
aggregate, mixed, (n) complex, amalgam, blend,
mix, combination, alloy, complicated, mixture,
synthesis, (v) compound.
karmakark intricate; synonyms (adj) complex,
complicated, difficult, involved, knotty, hard,
tricky, convoluted, elaborate, entangled,
inextricable, obscure, tortuous, knotted, (n)
composite; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward.
karmaa complexity; synonyms (n) complication,
intricacy, complex, convolution, complexness,
confusion, muddle, character, combination,
complexion, depth, embarrassment, imbroglio,
insight, (adj) entanglement; antonyms (n) simplicity,
clarity.
karmak 1. complex; synonyms (adj) composite,
complicate, abstruse, difficult, elaborate, intricate,
knotty, abstract, tricky, multifarious, complicated,
compound, convoluted, (n) obsession, combination;
antonyms (adj) simple, basic, straightforward, clear,
plain, 2. complicated; synonyms (adj) complex,
hard, awkward, deep, obscure, sophisticated,
tortuous, circuitous, detailed, indirect, (v) involved;
antonym (adj) easy.
karmaklk complexity; synonyms (n)

complication, intricacy, complex, convolution,
complexness, confusion, muddle, character,
combination, complexion, depth, embarrassment,
imbroglio, insight, (adj) entanglement; antonyms (n)
simplicity, clarity.
karo diamond (elmas); synonyms (n) adamant,
lozenge, infield, rhombus, square, rectangle, (adj)
jewel, bijou.
kar 1. opposite (kart); synonyms (adj) adverse,
contrary; synonyms (adj) opposite, conflicting,
reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross, disobedient,
obstinate, perverse, averse, discordant, unfriendly,
balky, (n) antithesis, converse, 3. counter (saya);
synonyms (n) buffet, bench, counterpunch, desk,
heel, (v) reply, contradict, resist, answer, react,
respond, retort, thwart, disprove, oppose.
karda opposite (kart); synonyms (adj) adverse,
antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar.
karlama 1. reception (alma, kabul, resepsiyon);

synonyms (n) receipt, acceptance, admission,
entertainment, greeting, party, receiving, adoption,
getting, salutation, acceptation, comprehension,
admittance, inclusion, (adj) soiree, 2.
compensation; synonyms (n) amends,
welcome (ho geldiniz); synonyms (adj)
acceptable, pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, enjoyable,
(v) accept, greet, invite, receive, hail, entertain, (n)
salute, hospitality, reception, embrace; antonyms
(adj) unwelcome, unwanted, (v) reject.
karlamak 1. meet; synonyms (v) converge, find,
diverge, 2. compensate; synonyms (v) balance,
pay, recompense, reimburse, counterbalance,
recoup, remunerate, repay, reward, cover, correct,
expiate, indemnify, offset, redeem, 3. satisfy
(memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content,
fill, indulge, meet, persuade, sate, satiate, appease,
assuage, convince, delight, execute, (adj) suffice, do;
antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease,
intensify.
karlama 1. match (e, kibrit); synonyms (n)
equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree,
mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond,
harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit;
Turkish - English
antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 2. encounter;
synonyms (n) collision, combat, battle, conflict,
contest, action, brush, confrontation, impact, (v)
confront, experience, face, find, rencounter, detect;
antonym (v) retreat, 3. event (olay); synonyms (n)
affair, case, consequence, effect, occurrence,
circumstance, contingency, fact, happening,
incident, issue, result, aftermath, time, chance, 4.
meeting; synonyms (n) confluence, convention,
gathering, concourse, assembly, conference,
congress, council, appointment, caucus, encounter,
junction, convocation, conclave, forum; antonym
(n) divergence.
karlamak encounter; synonyms (n) collision,
combat, battle, conflict, contest, action, brush,
confrontation, impact, (v) clash, confront,
experience, face, find, rencounter; antonym (v)
retreat.
karlatrma 1. comparison; synonyms (n) analogy,
(prep) antithesis; antonym (n) dissimilarity, 2.
analogy (benzerlik, rnekseme); synonyms (n)
semblance, agreement, parity, affinity, comparison.
karlatrmak 1. compare; synonyms (v) collate,
liken, confront, comparison, equate, associate,
contrast, correlate, equal, equalize, parallel,
resemble, (n) comparability, 2. confront;
synonyms (v) face, front, oppose, challenge,
approach, brave, defy, affront, play, compare, dare,
encounter, meet, resist, withstand; antonyms (v)
avoid, evade.
karlk 1. answer (cevap, cevap vermek);

synonyms (n) reply, respond, retort, return,
solution, defense, echo, (v) counter, resolve, serve,
acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, (adj) pay;
antonyms (v) question, ask, 2. equivalent
(edeer); synonyms (adj) equal, comparable, alike,
analogous, even, corresponding, identical, like,
matching, same, equipollent, commensurate, (n)
counterpart, match, (v) consideration; antonyms
(adj) unlike, (n) different, dissimilar, 3. reply
(cevap); synonyms (n) answer, rejoinder, response,
reaction, repay, replication, repartee, comeback, (v)
react, rejoin, say, 4. response (cevap, yant);
synonyms (n) reception, effect, chant, chaunt,
hymn, (v) endurance, experience, (adj) sympathy,
cordiality, fraternization, rapprochement, 5.
consideration; synonyms (n) concern, respect,
attention, care, reflection, thought, account,
payment (deme); synonyms (n) compensation,
bonus, charge, cost, defrayal, expense, recompense,
remuneration, installment, deposit, contribution,
263
defrayment, duty, fee, (adj) penalty; antonym (n)

non-payment, 7. return (dnmek, dn);
synonyms (n) yield, refund, restitution, proceeds,
income, revenue, profit, (v) recur, reimburse,
render, restoration, restore, reinstate, requite,
revert; antonyms (n) departure, abolition,
confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 8. repayment;
synonyms (n) payment, revenge, amends, rebate,
reimbursement, retribution, reward, reparation,
settlement, (v) quittance, 9. reward (dl);
synonyms (n) guerdon, wage, bribe, premium,
award, payoff, price, punishment, requital, bounty,
(v) meed, prize, compensate, honor, remunerate;
antonym (v) punish.
karlkl mutual (ortak); synonyms (adj) reciprocal,
common, communal, joint, bilateral, collective,
public, alternate, concerted, shared, united,
commutual, interchangeable; antonyms (adj)
individual, unilateral, one-sided, private.
karsnda opposite (kart); synonyms (adj)
adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile,
antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar.
kart 1. opposite; synonyms (adj) adverse,
contrary; synonyms (adj) opposite, conflicting,
reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross, disobedient,
obstinate, perverse, averse, discordant, unfriendly,
balky, (n) antithesis, converse.
kartlk 1. opposition; synonyms (n) contrast,
conflict, antithesis, contrary, contrariety,
antagonism, enemy, hostility, opponent, opposite,
competition, contradiction, antagonist, antipathy,
aversion; antonym (n) consent, 2. contrast
(kontrast); synonyms (n) comparison, distinction,
difference, variation, collation, dissimilarity,
divergence, line, (v) differ, oppose, collate, diverge,
clash, counterpoint, differentiate; antonym (n)
similarity.
kart card; synonyms (n) bill, board, ticket, label, carte,
menu, notice, placard, postal, scorecard, wit, (v)
tease.
kartal eagle; synonyms (n) colors, labarum, oriflamb,
oriflamme, aviator, flag, pilot, streamer, (adj)
antelope, chickaree, chipmunk, courser, doe,
gazelle, greyhound.
kartel combine; synonyms (v) amalgamate, associate,
blend, affiliate, fuse, attach, piece, aggregate,
coalesce, incorporate, join, league, merge, (n) cartel,
combination; antonym (v) separate.
karton cardboard; synonyms (n) card, (adj) flimsy,
paper, ponderous, unlifelike, fragile, light, slight,
tenuous, thin.
264
Turkish - English
kartpostal postcard; synonyms (n) epistle, letter,

mail.
karyola bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base,
kas muscle (adale); synonyms (n) brawn, potency,
sinew, might, power, strength, force, energy, flesh,
beef, physique, musculus, tendon, (adj) nerve,
stamina.
ka brow; synonyms (n) peak, brink, height, crown,
edge, eyebrow, forehead, front, rim, summit, top,
verge, landing.
kasa 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover,
instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. safe;
synonyms (adj) secure, reliable, cautious,
dependable, good, harmless, innocuous, sound,
correct, innocent, inoffensive, certain, stable, (n)
closet, coffer; antonyms (adj) dangerous, unsafe,
hurt, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, harmful,
insecure, reckless, 3. till; synonyms (prep) until,
unto, (n) drawer, tiller, cashbox, (v) cultivate, plow,
hoe, farm, dig, turn.
kasaba town (kent, ehir); synonyms (n) city,
borough, township, village, community, burgh,
townspeople, civilization, metropolis, (adj)
municipal, urban, local.
kasap butcher; synonyms (n) assassin, botch, bungler,
meatman, murderer, slaughterer, blunderer,
botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill,
massacre, murder, slay.
kase bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container,
trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle.
kaset cassette; synonyms (n) tape, copy, demo,
footage, record, recording, soundtrack, video,
videocassette, videotape, collection, compilation.
kak spoon; synonyms (n) ladle, spoonful, shovel,
trowel, (v) scoop, smooch, dip, snog.
kaklamak spoon; synonyms (n) ladle, spoonful,
shovel, trowel, (v) scoop, smooch, dip, snog.
kaslmak contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, (v)
covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense, narrow,
catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle,
abbreviate, (adj) abridge, shorten; antonyms (v)
expand, widen, stretch.
kamak scratch (izik); synonyms (n) score, mark,
nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze,
notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate.
kanmak scratch (izik, kamak); synonyms (n)
grate.
kasrga hurricane; synonyms (n) gale, storm,
tempest, cyclone, squall, tornado, twister,
whirlwind.
kast 1. intention (maksat, niyet); synonyms (n)

idea, aim, end, intent, design, drift, goal, purpose,
cause, animus, mind, motive, object, objective,
plan, 2. intent (ama, niyet); synonyms (adj)
attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, fixed,
rapt, eager, (n) intention, import, meaning, spirit,
point, purport, ambition, 3. purpose (ama,
maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) effect, resolve,
determination, function, decision, destination,
aspiration, reason, use, occasion, (v) project, intend,
propose, decide, mean.
kastl deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated,
circumspect, slow, thoughtful, conscious, (v)
consider, cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer,
contemplate, ponder, reflect; antonyms (adj)
accidental, chance, unintentional, hasty, ingenuous,
involuntary, spontaneous.
kastsz unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary,
kask helmet; synonyms (n) casque, helm, hood, cowl,
hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor, aegis, apron,
backplate, brains, breastplate, brigandine, buckler.
kasket cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital,
base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top,
beat, limit, surpass, better.
kastanyola trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion,
expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run,
drive, misstep, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj)
blunder; antonym (v) fix.
kasten deliberately; synonyms (adv) advisedly,
consciously, purposely, designedly, intentionally,
knowingly, leisurely, carefully, circumspectly,
slowly; antonyms (adv) unintentionally,
accidentally, involuntarily, arbitrarily,
automatically, furtively.
kastetmek 1. mean (demek istemek, ortalama);

synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote,
involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful,
ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average,
2. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim,
purpose, scheme, conception, drawing,
antonym (n) chance, 3. intend; synonyms (v)
destine, mean, determine, contemplate, consider,
believe, import, calculate, designate, meditate,
propose, signify, think, compass, (n) purport, 4.
purpose (ama, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n)
mind, effect, end, resolve, motive, determination,
function, goal, meaning, objective, cause, decision,
(v) intention, project, object.
Turkish - English
265
kasti 1. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated,
katar train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim,
circumspect, slow, thoughtful, conscious, (v)

consider, cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer,
contemplate, ponder, reflect; antonyms (adj)
accidental, chance, unintentional, hasty, ingenuous,
involuntary, spontaneous, 2. conscious (bilinli);
synonyms (adj) aware, alive, cognizant, deliberate,
mindful, premeditated, intended, discerning, selfconscious, intentional, knowing, knowledgeable,
known, purposeful, sensible; antonyms (adj)
unconscious, unaware, ignorant.
coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame,

discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school.
katedral cathedral; synonyms (n) church, minster,
temple, basilica, chantry, chapel, conventicle, kirk,
meetinghouse, oratory, tabernacle, (adj) cathedralic,
official, parochial.
kategori category (ulam); synonyms (n) class,
denomination, division, kind, type, variety, form,
group, level, sort, cohort, plight, brand, breed,
classification.
kati 1. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise,
imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 2.
flat (dz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain,
insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring,
uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 3. final (son); synonyms (adj)
conclusive, decisive, extreme, latter, definitive, last,
ultimate, irrevocable, decided, concluding,
eventual, net, peremptory, firm, dying; antonyms
(adj) first, opening, preliminary, 4. precise (tam);
synonyms (adj) exact, minute, certain, delicate, neat,
particular, ceremonious, clear, distinct, faithful,
fastidious, formal, meticulous, punctilious, specific;
antonym (adj) rough.
kat 1. solid; synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact,
consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive,
secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms
(adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable,
runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid, 2. hard
(sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave,
severe, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty,
tough, bitter, alcoholic, (v) acute, (n) rough;
antonyms (adj) easy, kind, merciful, simple, soggy,
tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 3. rigid;
synonyms (adj) harsh, inflexible, stiff, set, strict,
exacting, formal, rigorous, stern, tense, tight,
determined, resolute, immovable, precise;
antonyms (adj) flexible, elastic, 4. firm; synonyms
(n) company, business, (adj) constant, stable, solid,
steadfast, steady, decisive, rigid, stubborn, sturdy,
enduring, adamant, (v) faithful, durable; antonyms
(adj) irresolute, weak, hesitant, limp, 5. stiff;
synonyms (adj) numb, awkward, buckram,
ceremonious, potent, prim, starchy, unbending,
high, (n) stark, cadaver, corpse, body, remains,
carcass; antonyms (adj) relaxed, floppy, supple,
free, pliable, 6. strict; synonyms (adj) correct,
accurate, scrupulous, meticulous, grim, perfect,
relentless, punctual, careful, just, fastidious,
religious, brutal, demanding, (v) exact; antonyms
(adj) lenient, lax, imprecise, negligent.
kasvet 1. depression (bunalm, knt);

synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent,
dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench,
trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n)
encouragement, inflation, outcrop, 2. gloom;
synonyms (n) desolation, blackness, dark, darkness,
depression, dimness, dusk, cloud, dreariness,
despair, despondency, grief, melancholy, misery,
(adj) obscurity; antonyms (n) light, brightness.
kasvetli 1. gloomy; synonyms (adj) dark, black,
cheerless, dejected, depressing, desolate,
disconsolate, dismal, downcast, dim, dingy,
downhearted, dull, funereal, melancholy;
antonyms (adj) bright, cheerful, cheery,
encouraging, happy, hopeful, light, 2. bleak
(souk); synonyms (adj) austere, bare, barren, cold,
dreary, murky, raw, bald, bitter, gloomy, grim,
harsh, inhospitable, severe, stark; antonyms (adj)
lush, mild, sunny.
kat 1. multiple; synonyms (adj) manifold, many,
complex, diverse, populous, compound, multiplex,
multiplied, multitudinous, various, (n) coefficient;
antonym (adj) simple, 2. layer (katman);
synonyms (n) coat, course, coating, cover, film,
level, ply, stratum, crust, covering, floor, mantle,
row, tier, (v) pile, 3. floor (taban, zemin);
synonyms (n) bed, base, layer, bottom, flooring,
ground, platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell,
prostrate, stun, baffle, mystify; antonym (n) top, 4.
story; synonyms (n) history, account, narration,
narrative, recital, report, tale, fable, falsehood, fib,
legend, novel, stage, storey, explanation; antonym
(n) truth, 5. covering; synonyms (n) clothing,
blanket, casing, apparel, case, concealment,
wrapper, awning, canopy, envelope, screen, shell,
clothes, (adj) over, protective, 6. flat (dz);
synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid,
plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead,
downright, equal, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting;
antonyms (adj) exciting, high-pitched, bumpy, 7.
coat (palto); synonyms (n) fur, jacket, bark, peel,
pelt, wrap, (v) cloak, sheath, plaster, glaze, finish,
paint, plate, spread, varnish.
katalog catalogue; synonyms (n) catalog, list, bill,
schedule, roll, inventory, (v) register, sort.
266
Turkish - English
katksz 1. absolute (mutlak, saf, tam); synonyms

(adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional,
categorical, full, real, unqualified, utter, actual,

arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete, (n)
positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 2. pure
(ar, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine,
natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good,
guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, (n) chaste;
antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated, diluted,
dishonored, tainted, wicked.
katil 1. murderer; synonyms (n) assassin, cutthroat,
killer, manslayer, slayer, liquidator, (v) butcher,
terrorist, 2. killer; synonyms (n) murderer,
grampus, poison, marauder, orca, playboy, (adj)
murderous, deadly, fatal, competitive, lethal,
ruthless, virulent, bloodthirsty, dangerous, 3.
butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) botch, bungler,
meatman, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher,
bumbler, bungle, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill,
massacre, murder, slay.
katlamak cake (kek); synonyms (n) bar, block,
pastry, lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix.
katlatrmak steel (elik); synonyms (n) harden,
blade, brand, brace, foil, fortify, sword, invigorate,
strengthen, (adj) iron, adamant, (v) nerve, temper,
gird.
katlm accession; synonyms (n) addition,
katlmc participant; synonyms (n) contestant,
entrant, party, player, actor, partner, assistant,
entry, applicant, candidate, contender, enemy,
enthusiast, fighter, follower; antonyms (n)
onlooker, viewer.
katlma participation; synonyms (n) involvement,
interest, contribution, attendance, complicity,
communion, association, connection, affair, concert,
concurrence, engagement, voice.
katlmak 1. join (birlemek, birletirmek);

synonyms (v) connect, unite, associate, combine,
link, graft, assemble, affiliate, attach, meet, affix,
annex, conjoin, converge, (n) bond; antonyms (v)
detach, secede, separate, split, undo, 2. attend;
synonyms (v) accompany, assist, escort, serve,
advert, aid, conduct, follow, hear, help, listen, look,
minister, (n) tend, doctor.
katip secretary (sekreter); synonyms (n) clerk,
escritoire, minister, desk, secretaire, bailiff, factor,
repository, (v) amanuensis, scribe, writer, scrivener.
ktip clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber,
accountant, employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff,
cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener.
katksz pure (ar, saf); synonyms (adj) just,
absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear,
faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate,
innocent, mere, (n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure,
contaminated, diluted, dishonored, tainted,

wicked.
katiyen never (asla, hibir zaman); synonyms (adv)
ne'er, nevermore, nor, tomorrow; antonym (adv)
always.
katiyet certainty; synonyms (n) assurance,
confidence, sureness, trust, certain, certitude,
conviction, fact, reality, security, surety, truth,
belief, authenticity, assuredness; antonyms (n)
doubt, uncertainty, unpredictability.
katk contribution; synonyms (n) allowance,
donation, gift, offering, share, tax, effort, dues,
endowment, grant, investment, part, participation,
payment, present.
katlanma bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage,
air, aim, behavior, comportment.
katlanmak 1. stomach (mide); synonyms (n)
abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination,
(v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer,
take, tolerate, (adj) digest, 2. tolerate; synonyms (v)
let, permit, allow, stomach, support, sustain,
undergo, admit, have, submit, bide, withstand,
pay, swallow, grant, 3. bear (ay, tamak);
synonyms (v) carry, acquit, afford, apply, assume,
behave, comport, conduct, convey, hold, produce,
teem, wear, turn, face, 4. face (ehre, surat,
yz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance,
expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade,
surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj)
front; antonyms (v) avoid, back.
katletmek butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) assassin,
botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer,
blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate,
slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay.
katliam massacre; synonyms (n) slaughter, carnage,
butchery, bloodshed, killing, defeat, destruction, (v)
murder, exterminate, kill, annihilate, butcher, slay,
assassinate, decimate.
katma addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession,
removal, estimation.
katmak 1. add (eklemek, toplamak); synonyms (v)
calculate, include, join, total, figure, lend, mix,
divide, subtract, gather, accumulate, adjoin, affix,
annex, (n) addition; antonym (v) detach, 2.
integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate, blend,
combine, consolidate, fuse, amalgamate, embody,
merge, unify, unite, coalesce, commingle,
desegregate; antonyms (v) separate, exclude,
segregate, 3. include (iermek, kapsamak);
synonyms (v) hold, comprise, contain, encompass,
Turkish - English
insert, comprehend, embrace, implicate, involve,
number, add, admit, enclose, have, imply.
katman layer; synonyms (n) coat, course, coating,
cover, film, level, ply, stratum, crust, covering,
floor, mantle, row, tier, (v) pile.
katsay factor (arpan, etmen); synonyms (n) agent,
kauuk rubber; synonyms (n) caoutchouc, condom,
eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic, arctic,
golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize.
kaval pipe (boru, pipo); synonyms (n) tube, conduit,
kavalc piper; synonyms (n) bagpiper, fiddler, fifer,
harper, trumpeter, pepper.
kavanoz jar; synonyms (n) jangle, blow, crock,
container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash, (v) jolt,
clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce.
kavga fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest, quarrel,
feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash, contend, (n)
battle, dispute, engagement, conflict, contention,
(adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal.
kavgac 1. fighter; synonyms (n) combatant, battler,
activist, crusader, 2. aggressive; synonyms (adj)
assertive, dynamic, pugnacious, pushful, pushing;
kavis 1. curve (eri); synonyms (n) bend, crook, bow,
arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v) curl, turn,
arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex, 2. bow;
synonyms (n) curve, obeisance, stem, vault, (v)
stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, defer,
kneel, nod, submit, bob, 3. arc (ark, yay);
synonyms (n) crescent, spark, sweep.
kavram 1. concept; synonyms (n) conception, notion,
belief, idea, theory, view, vision, construct,
impression, opinion, perception, thought, 2.
conception (fikir); synonyms (n) concept,
creation, mind, apprehension, comprehension,
design, fancy, image, imagination, invention,
understanding, initiation, appreciation, awareness,
conceit; antonym (n) misconception, 3. notion;
synonyms (n) feeling, caprice, guess, hunch,
conjecture, consideration, inkling, suspicion, whim,
impulse, effect, fantasy, hint, sense, (v) judgment.
kavrama 1. comprehension; synonyms (n)
apprehension, conception, grasp, inclusion,
intelligence, knowledge, understanding, wit,
capacity, familiarity, acumen, appreciation,
misunderstanding, incomprehension, 2. grip
267
(kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp,

clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, (v)
hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate,
grab, grapple; antonyms (v) bore, release, 3.
insight; synonyms (n) vision, penetration,
perception, brainwave, acquaintance, idea,
acuteness, clairvoyance, foresight, judgment, ken,
sense, awareness, brainstorm, experience, 4.
grasp; synonyms (n) grip, comprehension, reach,
(v) comprehend, conceive, capture, compass, dig,
snatch, understand, digest, fathom, gather, absorb,
appreciate.
kavramak 1. grip (yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp,
grasp, hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace,
fascinate, grab; antonyms (v) bore, release, 2. grab
(kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch,
appropriate, grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract,
confiscate, gripe, plunder, (n) arrest, seizure, collar,
3. grasp; synonyms (n) grip, appreciation,
apprehension, comprehension, reach, (v)
comprehend, conceive, compass, dig, sense,
understand, digest, fathom, gather, absorb, 4.
compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, scope,
area, circle, circumference, extent, room, breadth,
ambit, boundary, capacity, (v) round, accomplish,
achieve, (adv) beset, 5. bite (srmak); synonyms
(n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut,
pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch, 6.
understand (anlamak); synonyms (v) interpret,
recognize, hear, learn, realize, see, appreciate,
believe, construe, deduce, perceive, read, translate,
discern, (adj) take; antonyms (v) misinterpret,
misconstrue, misunderstand.
kavramsal conceptual; synonyms (adj) theoretical,
intangible.
kavray 1. apprehension (anlay, korku);

synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest,
capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation,
agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n)
reassurance, release, confidence, calmness, 2.
understanding (anlama); synonyms (n)
intellect, mind, reason, agreement, apprehension,
bargain, deal, judgment, sense, sympathy,
arrangement, contract, grasp, (v) intelligence,
discernment; antonyms (n) ignorance,
bewilderment, disbelief.
kavak junction; synonyms (n) confluence, joint,
connection, meeting, interchange, articulation,
combination, join, conjunction, crossroads, union,
bond, contact, linkage, crossing.
kaya rock; synonyms (n) boulder, calculus, pillar, (v)
jar, sway, cradle, jolt, shake, toss, waver, quake,
pitch, reel, (adj) pebble, stone.
kayaanta slate; synonyms (n) list, plank, platform,
ballot, catalogue, (v) condemn, foolscap, paper,
268
Turkish - English
papyrus, parchment, censure, schedule, criticize,

nominate, program.
kayak ski; synonym (n) skis.
kayalk rocky; synonyms (adj) hard, unstable, rough,
shaky, craggy, flinty, stony, wobbly, unsteady,
harsh, insecure, obdurate, rugged, bouldered,
bouldery.
kayan floating; synonyms (adj) drifting, buoyant,
aimless, current, loose, (adv) afloat.
kaybetmek lose; synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay,
sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress,
destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape;
antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get, obtain,
recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed.
kaybolmak lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop,
succeed.
kaybolmu lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing,
(adj) present, found, existing.
Kaydet save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v)
squander, waste.
kaydetme registration; synonyms (n) enrollment,
registering, enrolment, entering, entry, register,
record, registry, adjustment, readjustment.
kaydetmek 1. record (dosya, kayt, plak);

synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk,
document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter,
note, report, score, inscribe, 2. register; synonyms
(n) record, inventory, catalogue, roll, annals, index,
listing, (v) enroll, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist,
catalog, display, 3. enter (girmek); synonyms (v)
embark, input, arrive, come, accede, attack, begin,
board, enrol, insert, introduce, participate,
penetrate, pierce, appear; antonyms (v) leave,
depart, delete, exit, 4. book (kitap); synonyms (n)
bible, journal, pamphlet, tome, volume, writing,
text, manuscript, textbook, copy, (v) order, reserve,
apply, arrest, hire.
kaydrak slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide,
chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip,
fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj)
shift.
kaydrmak slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n)
glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v)
drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid,
descend, (adj) shift.
kayg 1. anxiety (endie); synonyms (n) alarm, care,
disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish,
anxiousness, concern, uneasiness, worry,

worriment, pain, agitation, burden; antonyms (n)
calmness, bravery, calm, confidence, 2. fear
(korkmak, korku); synonyms (n) apprehension,
awe, dismay, doubt, consternation, foreboding,
fright, trepidation, anxiety, fearfulness,
intimidation, (v) dread, reverence, affright,
apprehend; antonyms (n) fearlessness, reassurance,
3. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard,
attention, bother, matter, company, firm, part, (v)
affect, interest, import, involve, pertain, relate;
antonym (v) unconcern, 4. worry (zlmek);
synonyms (v) torment, distress, tease, annoy,
disturb, molest, vex, agitate, fret, harry, (n) harass,
fuss, annoyance, sorrow, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v)
soothe, reassure, 5. preoccupation; synonyms (n)
absorption, abstraction, obsession, fixation,
distraction, engrossment, preoccupancy,
prepossession, reverie, anticipation, compulsion.
kayglanmak worry (zlmek); synonyms (v)
torment, trouble, bother, distress, tease, annoy,
care, disturb, fear, molest, (n) concern, burden,
harass, pain, fuss; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n)
calmness, reassurance.
kaygl 1. fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, cowardly,
dreadful, anxious, apprehensive, awful, craven,
terrible, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful,
appalling, awesome; antonyms (adj) brave, calm,
rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 2. anxious;
synonyms (adj) alarmed, nervous, tense, uneasy,
agitated, concerned, distressed, fearful, frightened,
keen, thoughtful, thirsty, insecure, (v) jumpy,
solicitous; antonyms (adj) relaxed, carefree,
unconcerned, undisturbed, untroubled, 3.
worried; synonyms (adj) upset, bothered,
disturbed, troubled, restless, unhappy, disquieted,
distraught, fretful, stressed, (v) afflicted, pained;
antonym (adj) reassured.
kayk boat (sandal); synonyms (n) yacht, scull, craft,
dinghy, ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner,
sailboat, bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck, (v) cruise.
kayp 1. loss (zarar); synonyms (n) hurt, damage,
defeat, detriment, injury, deficit, deprivation,
destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement,
decrease, cost, fall, (adj) harm; antonyms (n)
appearance, retrieval, victory, gaining, income,
recovery, 2. lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing,
(adj) present, found, existing, 3. missing (eksik);
synonyms (v) lost, (adj) lacking, wanting, deficient,
away, misplaced, nonexistent.
kayrma 1. favour; synonyms (v) favor, choose,
prefer, privilege, 2. pull (ekme, ekmek);
synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract,
Turkish - English
haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench,
attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel.
kay 1. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set,
knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine, 2. belt (blge,
kemer, kuak); synonyms (n) ribbon, area, knock,
strip, zone, bang, (v) band, hit, wallop, whack, beat,
smash, whip, thrash, flog, 3. slip; synonyms (n)
lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape,
oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid,
(adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve.
kayt 1. record (dosya, kaydetmek, plak);

note, report, score, inscribe, 2. recording;
synonyms (n) record, album, transcription, scan,
disc, cartridge, cassette, cutting, footage, hearing,
program, release, show, single, (adj) registering, 3.
registration; synonyms (n) enrollment, enrolment,
entering, entry, registry, adjustment, readjustment,
4. entry (giri); synonyms (n) entrance, admission,
article, door, accession, access, admittance,
doorway, entree, hall, entranceway, entryway,
gateway, incursion, opening; antonym (n) exit.
kaytl registered; synonyms (adj) enrolled, booked,
conscript, denoted, destined, indicated, measured.
kaytsz 1. indifferent (ilgisiz); synonyms (adj)
apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive,
eager, energetic, involved, surprised, 2. reckless;
synonyms (adj) heedless, foolhardy, rash, hasty,
imprudent, incautious, extravagant, wanton,
daring, brash, desperate, precipitate, audacious,
irresponsible, madcap; antonyms (adj) careful,
cautious, prudent, sensible, wise.
kaytszlk indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n)
kayma 1. slide (slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute,
decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall,
slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift,
2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting,
error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, ticket, band,
dip, (v) slide, sag, (adj) blunder; antonym (v)
improve, 3. drift (sapma, srklenme);
synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency,
tone, bearing, design, gist, intent, (v) aim, blow,
float, ramble, cast, (adj) flow.
kaymak 1. cream (krema); synonyms (n) pick,
ointment, prime, balm, top, liniment, elite, fat,
salve, unguent, (adj) flower, milk, (v) best, skim,
269
ream, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake,

cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall,
slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj) blunder; antonym (v)
improve, 3. slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n)
chute, decline, transparency, gliding, recession, (v)
slip, slither, run, slump, coast, descend, sag, cut,
tumble, (adj) shift.
kaynak 1. source; synonyms (n) origin, root, cause,
commencement, beginning, reason, head, parent,
basis, derivation, germ, headspring, original,
origination, reference, 2. origin (balang,
kken); synonyms (n) lineage, base, birth, descent,
ancestry, extraction, foundation, fountain,
inception, source, well, cradle, fountainhead,
genesis, mother; antonym (n) end, 3. resource;
synonyms (n) expedient, imagination, stock, device,
facility, asset, contrivance, resourcefulness, shift, (v)
recourse, resort, refuge, 4. fountain; synonyms (n)
fount, font, jet, spout, squirt, wellspring, (v) spring,
flow, 5. bottom (alt, dip, k); synonyms (n)
bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor, posterior, (v)
ground; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest, 6.
beginning (balang); synonyms (n) begin,
opening, start, dawn, debut, emergence, incipiency,
initiation, introduction, kickoff, onset, preface,
threshold, (adj) first, incipient; antonyms (n) finish,
finale, conclusion, demise, ending, 7. basis;
synonyms (n) gist, fundamental, cornerstone,
justification, nucleus, motive, essence, argument,
background, bottom, explanation, fundament,
grounding, grounds, groundwork, 8. spring
bound, skip, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce,
dive, originate, recoil, proceed, arise, (adj) elastic, 9.
well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly,
considerably, fully, good, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit,
shaft, sound, robust, (n) pit, hollow, (v) gush;
antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell,
dying, nauseous, 10. root (kk); synonyms (n)
radical, radix, core, etymon, heart, stem, stub, nub,
bedrock, (v) establish, dig, fix, grub, rummage,
burrow.
kaynaklar resources; synonyms (n) means, property,
capital, assets, finances, money, substance, funds,
wherewithal, revenue, wealth, belongings, cash,
circumstances, fortune.
kaynamak well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily,
kaynama fusion; synonyms (n) amalgamation,
coalition, alliance, coalescence, combination,
merger, unification, union, compound, amalgam,
blend, mixture, synthesis, embodiment, alloy;
antonym (n) separation.
270
Turkish - English
kaynamak mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction,

(v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine,

aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate.
kaza 1. accident; synonyms (n) chance, casualty,
coincidence, crash, fortune, circumstance,
contingency, event, fortuity, hap, hazard, incident,
luck, smash, catastrophe, 2. district (blge);
synonyms (n) area, quarter, region, community,
neighborhood, territory, circuit, county, field,
jurisdiction, province, section, domain, (adj) local, (v)
zone, 3. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank,
clatter, fall, impact, slam, (v) bang, collapse, break,
clang, crack, dash, plunge, ram.
kazak sweater; synonym (n) perspirer.
kazanan victor; synonyms (n) conqueror, champion,
winner, master, champ, superior; antonym (n)
loser.
kazan 1. gain; synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive,
attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, advance,
make, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage;
antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 2. proceeds; synonyms
(n) income, gain, issue, return, revenue, take,
emolument, payoff, receipts, takings, yield,
proceed, incomings, outcome, effect, 3. earnings;
synonyms (n) salary, pay, profits, wage,
compensation, lucre, proceeds, remuneration,
returns, wages, 4. income; synonyms (n) means,
allowance, livelihood, living, resources, 5.
acquisition; synonyms (n) purchase,
prize, assumption, 6. benefit (yarar); synonyms
(n) good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service,
use, welfare, behalf, expediency, asset, (v) aid,
assist, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage,
drawback, (v) harm, 7. return (dnmek, dn);
synonyms (n) recompense, refund, restitution, (v)
recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration,
restore, retort, answer, reinstate, reply, requite,
revert; antonyms (n) departure, abolition,
confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 8. yield (verim);
synonyms (n) produce, give, output, (v) surrender,
allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish,
bow, accede, afford, bear, consent; antonyms (v)
resist, persevere, 9. profit; synonyms (n) account,
increase, dividend, increment, boot, usefulness,
utility, vantage, product, addition, convenience, (v)
net, merit, behoof, serve.
kazanl profitable; synonyms (adj) productive,
advantageous, beneficial, fruitful, helpful, good,
gainful, lucrative, useful, desirable, economic, fat,
valuable, expedient, handy; antonyms (adj)
unprofitable, dependent.
kazanma acquisition; synonyms (n) purchase,

prize, profit, assumption, (v) gain.
kazanmak 1. win; synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get,
attain, obtain, conquer, achieve, earn, prevail,
secure, take, succeed, carry, vanquish, (n) triumph;
antonyms (v) lose, (n) defeat, 2. acquire
(edinmek); synonyms (v) find, accept, buy, collect,
contract, purchase, receive, assume, catch, derive,
develop, harvest, have, make, win; antonym (v)
sell, 3. gain (kazan); synonyms (v) benefit,
advance, reach, accomplish, come, effect, gather,
hit, merit, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition,
advantage, addition, increase; antonym (n) loss, 4.
earn; synonyms (v) deserve, bring, bear, net, yield,
clear, fetch, garner, procure, realise, realize, gross;
antonym (v) spend, 5. take (almak); synonyms (v)
admit, hold, adopt, clutch, return, borrow, pick,
appropriate, capture, claim, convey, demand, grab,
interpret, (n) seize; antonyms (v) give, refuse,
abstain, add, 6. achieve; synonyms (v) complete,
do, execute, perform, act, fulfill, manage, strike,
conclude, consummate, effectuate, finish,
implement, settle, 7. gather (toplamak);
synonyms (v) deduce, convene, accumulate, amass,
assemble, compile, congregate, flock, meet, tuck,
rally, reap, converge, extract, (n) fold; antonyms (v)
disperse, scatter, 8. net (a, net); synonyms (adj)
final, last, nett, (n) network, bag, lace, cobweb,
lattice, meshwork, reticule, (v) mesh, trap, knit,
web, ensnare, 9. purchase (satn almak);
synonyms (n) bargain, leverage, acquirement, grip,
(v) bribe; antonym (n) transaction.
kazara accidentally; synonyms (adv)
circumstantially, incidentally, unintentionally,
casually, coincidentally, fortuitously, unexpectedly,
unwittingly; antonyms (adv) intentionally,
deliberately, knowingly.
kaz dig (kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod,
burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe,
apprehend, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch, stab,
taunt; antonym (n) compliment.
kazk 1. pile (hav, ty); synonyms (n) heap, stack,
mass, congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation,
bundle, collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate,
amass, crowd, 2. post (posta); synonyms (n)
place, function, office, position, pillar, stake,
attitude, berth, column, job, (v) mail, locate, base,
enter, lay, 3. stake; synonyms (n) bet, chance,
venture, post, wager, interest, shaft, adventure,
deposit, pile, (v) hazard, risk, gamble, back, gage.
kazklamak sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle,
deal, handle, betray, give, promote, deceive,
exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear,
gammon, (n) cheat; antonym (v) buy.
kazma pick (semek, toplamak); synonyms (v)
clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, (n) alternative,
Turkish - English
elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream,
select, mattock, flower.
kazmak 1. dig; synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod,
burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe,
taunt; antonym (n) compliment, 2. sink (lavabo);
synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip, droop, fall,
set, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse, decay, flag,
founder; antonyms (v) rise, float.
kee felt (ftr); synonyms (v) mat, snarl, tangle, braid,
entangle, (adj) perceived, sensed, conscious.
keder 1. grief (ac); synonyms (n) affliction, dolor,
anguish, distress, agony, pain, regret, wound,
chagrin, concern, pity, bitterness, dejection,
desolation, (adj) sore; antonyms (n) joy, happiness,
2. sorrow (ac); synonyms (n) grief, mourning,
sadness, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence,
remorse, repentance, heartbreak, hardship,
compunction, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonym
(n) delight, 3. shadow (glge); synonyms (n)
shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition,
follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse,
follow, obscure, overshadow.
kederlenmek sorrow (ac); synonyms (n) grief,
mourning, regret, sadness, anguish, contrition,
heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance,
(adj) distress, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms
(n) joy, delight, happiness.
kederli unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj)
happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied.
kedi cat; synonyms (n) caterpillar, guy, lynx, bozo,
hombre, puss, (v) disgorge, puke, regorge,
regurgitate, retch, spew, spue, upchuck, vomit.
kefalet 1. bail; synonyms (n) pledge, security, surety,
bond, guarantee, handle, (v) deliver, 2. security
(gvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, safety,
hostage, insurance, collateral, guard, secureness,
strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover, defense,
deposit, ease; antonym (n) danger, 3. caution;
synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution,
vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition,
attention, caveat, circumspection, counsel, (v) care,
warn, admonish, advise; antonyms (n) recklessness,
carelessness, rashness.
kefaret redemption; synonyms (n) ransom,
atonement, salvation, discharge, expiation,
acquittal, observance, recompense, release,
reparation, rescue.
kefe scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree,
271
kefeki scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,


kefil 1. guarantee (garanti); synonyms (n) bail,
assure, guaranty, warranty, assurance, pledge,
warrant, bond, collateral, deposit, (v) certify,
promise, engage, endorse, ensure, 2. bail;
synonyms (n) security, surety, guarantee, handle, (v)
deliver, 3. security (gvenlik); synonyms (n)
protection, safety, hostage, insurance, guard,
secureness, strength, peace, cover, defense, ease,
gage, safeguard, shelter, (adj) firmness; antonym (n)
danger.
kefillik sponsorship; synonyms (n) sponsor,
patronage, backing, auspices, sponsion, support,
endorsement, assistance, benefaction, business,
cosponsor, devotion, economics, encouragement,
help.
kehanet prediction; synonyms (n) divination,
forecast, forecasting, foresight, announcement,
anticipation, augury, prognostication, prophecy,
vaticination, foretelling, expectation, calculation,
foreboding, guess.
kek cake; synonyms (n) bar, block, pastry, lump, pie,
(v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix.
kel bald; synonyms (adj) bare, hairless, simple, austere,
meager, threadbare, raw, barefaced, dry, forthright,
mere, naked, nude, plain, stark; antonym (adj)
hairy.
kelebek butterfly; synonyms (n) chameleon, girl, iris,
lady, rainbow, (adj) peacock, (v) bray, coquet,
coquette, dally, flirt, kiss, mash, philander,
romance.
kelepir 1. bargain; synonyms (n) contract, agreement,
covenant, deal, treaty, arrangement, buy, chaffer,
compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v) exchange,
agree, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 2. steal
(armak, almak); synonyms (v) abstract, lift,
purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer, pinch,
plunder, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip, (n)
bargain.
kelime word (sz, szck); synonyms (n) promise,
news, tidings, advice, expression, intelligence,
parole, password, report, statement, term, vocable,
(v) formulate, phrase, put.
kelle head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain,
front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain,
executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead;
antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow.
kem evil (fena, kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj) bad,
righteousness.
272
Turkish - English
kement rope (ip); synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat,
kent 1. city (ehir); synonyms (n) town, borough,

kemer 1. belt (blge, kuak); synonyms (n) ribbon,
area, strap, knock, strip, zone, bang, (v) band, hit,
wallop, whack, beat, smash, whip, thrash, 2. arch;
synonyms (n) arc, acute, bend, curvature, dome,
archway, (v) curve, bow, vault, (adj) shrewd, sly,
wily, round, crafty, consummate; antonym (v)
straightness.
kemik bone; synonyms (n) os, ivory, mouth, osmium,
argument, bead, block, (v) cartilage, swot, gristle,
prepare, arise, attire, beat, bill.
kemirme erosion (erozyon); synonyms (n) attrition,
abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction,
wear.
kemirmek eat (yemek); synonyms (v) devour,
digest.
kenar 1. edge; synonyms (n) boundary, margin,
verge, blade, brink, extremity, advantage, bank,
brim, butt, corner, limit, (v) border, bound, hem;
antonyms (n) center, (v) middle, 2. border (snr);
synonyms (n) fringe, bed, skirt, limits, barrier, rand,
confine, edging, (v) edge, abut, adjoin, surround,
approach, enclose, flank, 3. margin; synonyms (n)
circumference, perimeter, allowance, leeway,
periphery, scope, side, lip, brow, borderline,
frontier, freedom, play, rim, room, 4. verge;
synonyms (n) threshold, term, bounds, point,
scepter, sceptre, wand, bourn, (v) bend, incline,
tend, trend, conduce, contribute, dispose, 5. side
(yan); synonyms (n) faction, direction, face, part,
hand, aspect, facet, page, position, wing, quarter,
surface, (v) party, (adj) nearby, lateral; antonym (adj)
distant, 6. rim; synonyms (n) flange, ring, mouth,
ridge, frame, projection, (v) line, 7. lip (dudak);
synonyms (n) cheek, impertinence, impudence,
backtalk, effrontery, insolence, shoulder, back, 8.
skirt (etek); synonyms (n) flap, kilt, apron, dame,
crinoline, female, (v) circumvent, evade, elude,
sidestep, dodge, avoid, duck, hedge, parry.
kenarlk border (kenar, snr); synonyms (n)
margin, brink, extremity, fringe, bed, boundary,
brim, limit, skirt, (v) edge, verge, abut, adjoin, hem,
surround; antonyms (n) middle, (v) center.
kendi 1. self (z); synonyms (n) ego, person, being,
individual, someone, character, essence,
same, 2. own; synonyms (v) acknowledge, admit,
have, concede, allow, grant, hold, possess, confess,
get, accept, avow, enjoy, occupy, (adj) proper.
kendisinin own; synonyms (v) acknowledge, admit,
have, concede, allow, grant, hold, possess, confess,
get, accept, avow, enjoy, (adj) individual, proper.
burgh, metropolis, municipality, village, (adj)

municipal, civic, urban, public; antonym (adj) rural,
2. town (ehir); synonyms (n) city, township,
community, townspeople, civilization, (adj) local.
kentsel urban; synonyms (adj) city, civic,
metropolitan, municipal, public, citified,
community, urbanized, urbicolous, oppidan,
burghal, central, cultivated, developed, downtown;
antonyms (adj) rural, country, rustic.
kentsoylu bourgeois; synonyms (adj) conservative,
common, conventional, democratic, materialistic,
square, (n) capitalist, burgess, capitals, caps,
cockney, epicier, brevier, businessperson, people.
kep cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital, base,
ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top, beat,
limit, surpass, better.
kepazelik scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace,
keramet miracle; synonyms (n) marvel, wonder,
prodigy, phenomenon, surprise, wonderwork,
event, sensation.
kere time (saat, sre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour,
moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure,
season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space,
tempo; antonym (n) death.
kereste 1. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council,
accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. timber;
synonyms (n) wood, forest, lumber, beam, girder,
rafter, tree, timberland, woodland, board, joist, ore,
quality, support, timbre, 3. wood (aa, koru,
odun, tahta); synonyms (n) timber, woods,
coppice, jungle.
kerteriz bearing; synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor,
appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct,
deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim,
behavior, comportment.
kertik score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch,
kervan 1. caravan; synonyms (n) train, carriage, van,
column, conveyance, expedition, journey, parade,
party, vehicle, camels, (v) procession, cortege, file,
cavalcade, 2. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain,
string, (v) aim, coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail,
tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school.
Kes cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip,
extension.
Turkish - English
kese bladder (mesane); synonyms (n) cyst, vesica,
balloon, capsule, utricle, vesicle, calyx, cancelli,
newspaper, pod, (v) inflate.
kefetmek 1. discover; synonyms (v) ascertain,
discern, disclose, see, find, perceive, catch, detect,
determine, divulge, expose, hear, impart, observe,
trace, 2. detect; synonyms (v) discover, notice,
spot, distinguish, identify, locate, descry, sniff,
encounter, espy, learn, note, uncover, 3. explore
(aratrmak); synonyms (v) delve, examine,
search, research, hunt, investigate, plumb, probe,
prospect, scrutinize, view, do, spy, feel, inquire.
kesici cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting, keen,
acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid,
incisive, raw, sarcastic, satirical, (n) cut, clipping;
antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) extension, freedom.
keideci drawer (ekmece); synonyms (n)
draftsman, draughtsman, till, commode, engraver,
case, locker, closet, bin, buffet, bunker, cellaret,
clothespress, cupboard, draftsperson.
keif 1. find (bulma, bulmak); synonyms (v) catch,
antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 2. detection;
synonyms (n) demodulation, detecting, uncovering,
unearthing, spotting, spying, catching, recognition,
3. discovery; synonyms (n) finding, revelation,
revealing, development, exploration, find,
invention, espial; antonym (n) concealment, 4.
exploration; synonyms (n) examination,
expedition, inquiry, investigation, probe, quest,
inspection, reconnaissance, research, scrutiny,
study, survey, hunt, journey.
Kesik 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop,
extension, 2. interrupted; synonyms (adj)
discontinuous, fitful, intermittent, (prep) broken;
antonym (adj) constant.
kesiksiz solid (kat); synonyms (adj) firm, dense,
compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed,
massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close;
permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid.
kesilme disruption; synonyms (n) breakdown, break,
dislocation, rupture, breach, disturbance,
interruption, disintegration, collapse, gap, turmoil,
commotion, disorganization, (v) split, (adj)
diruption.
kesilmek 1. sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid,
antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly, 2. stop (durak,
273
stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug,

(n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease;
antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage,
permit, prolong.
kesilmi interrupted; synonyms (adj) discontinuous,
fitful, intermittent, (prep) broken; antonym (adj)
constant.
kesim 1. segment (para); synonyms (n) division,
paragraph, bit, piece, portion, share, slice,
divide, partition, 2. sector; synonyms (n)
department, area, branch, district, segment, region,
arm, quadrant, domain, field, quarter, sphere, zone,
arena, 3. section (blm, kesit, ksm);
synonyms (n) compartment, percentage, class,
chapter, clause, episode, subdivision, article,
fraction, lot, passage, plot, neighborhood,
detachment, category, 4. cutting; synonyms (adj)
sharp, biting, keen, acute, bitter, caustic,
acrimonious, acid, acrid, incisive, raw, sarcastic,
satirical, severe, (n) clipping; antonyms (adj) blunt,
mild, (n) extension, freedom.
kesin 1. definite (belirli); synonyms (adj) accurate,
absolute, certain, clear, categorical, conclusive,
concrete, decisive, distinct, exact, plain, precise,
specific, reliable, actual; antonyms (adj) imprecise,
uncertain, unclear, vague, doubtful, undefined,
indeterminate, evasive, indefinite, indescribable,
qualified, 2. express; synonyms (v) exhibit,
articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display,
mean, say, state, tell, (adj) explicit, direct, definite,
especial, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide,
(adj) slow, 3. decisive; synonyms (adj) critical,
crucial, decided, final, important, positive,
authoritative, convincing, definitive, determined,
peremptory, vital, (v) determinate, unequivocal,
unqualified; antonyms (adj) indecisive, unsure,
weak, 4. implicit; synonyms (adj) silent, tacit,
understood, undeclared, unsaid, implied, inherent,
unquestioning, virtual, practical, 5. exact (tam);
synonyms (adj) detailed, authentic, careful, faithful,
precision, right, true, (v) close, demand, require,
claim, command, ask, call, (n) correct; antonyms
(adj) inaccurate, wrong, approximate, inexact, 6.
flat (dz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even,
insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, dead,
downright, equal, fixed, (n) apartment, (v)
uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 7. absolute (mutlak, saf, tam);
synonyms (adj) total, unconditional, full, real, utter,
arbitrary, complete, dictatorial, extreme, flat, great,
indisputable, outright, sheer, supreme; antonym
(adj) partial, 8. final (son); synonyms (adj) latter,
last, ultimate, irrevocable, concluding, eventual,
net, firm, dying, ending, finished, hindmost, later,
parting, resolved; antonyms (adj) first, opening,
preliminary, 9. definitive; synonyms (adj) express,
274
Turkish - English
classic, classical, (v) emphatic, terminal, 10.

certain; synonyms (adj) sure, assured, dependable,
inevitable, infallible, particular, perfect, safe,
special, unavoidable, undeniable, unquestionable,
satisfied, set, (v) bound; antonym (adj) questionable,
11. accurate (doru, tam); synonyms (adj) literal,
meticulous, nice, strict, truthful, scientific, delicate,
faultless, genuine, honest, narrow, proper,
punctual, rigorous, sound; antonym (adj) false, 12.
precise (tam); synonyms (adj) minute, neat,
ceremonious, fastidious, formal, punctilious,
methodical, fine, just, orderly, prim, refined,
exquisite, exacting, pedantic; antonym (adj) rough,
13. sure; synonyms (adj) secure, confident, fast,
guaranteed, indubitable, stable, unerring, unfailing,
unwavering, hard, resolute, steadfast, (adv)
certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonym (adj)
hesitant, 14. mathematical; synonyms (adj)
mathematic, algebraic, arithmetical, numeric,
numerical, algorithmic, analytical, arithmetic,
computative, geometric, geometrical, measurable,
numeral, statistical, trigonometric, 15. decided;
synonyms (v) marked, settled, (adj) unmistakable,
stark; antonym (adj) undecided, 16. explicit
(ak); synonyms (adj) broad, lucid, manifest,
sharp, perspicuous, transparent, obvious, clear-cut,
trenchant, comprehensible, evident, unambiguous,
denotative; antonyms (adj) unspoken, implicit, 17.
positive (olumlu, pozitif); synonyms (adj)
affirmative, favorable, incontrovertible, plus,
advantageous, constructive, dogmatic, assertive,
incontestable, cocksure, good, optimistic, upbeat,
irrefutable, consummate; antonyms (adj) negative,
derogatory, pessimistic, sad, 18. square (kare);
synonyms (adj) rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight,
equitable, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle,
quadrilateral, block, (v) settle, agree, correspond,
adjust, balance, 19. specific (belirli, zgl);
synonyms (adj) individual, peculiar, single,
characteristic, personal, separate, unique,
appropriate, different, exceptional, several,
singular, circumstantial, (n) detail, fact; antonyms
(adj) universal, (n) general, 20. stark; synonyms (adj)
austere, bare, bleak, desolate, mere, severe, simple,
bald, barren, harsh, naked, nude, hollow, empty,
inhospitable.
kesinlik 1. precision; synonyms (n) accuracy,
correctness, exactness, accurateness, preciseness,
fidelity, definiteness, delicacy, exactitude,
meticulousness, nicety, truth, clarity, attention, (adj)
precise; antonyms (n) inaccuracy, vagueness,
ambiguity, imprecision, 2. certainty; synonyms (n)
assurance, confidence, sureness, trust, certain,
certitude, conviction, fact, reality, security, surety,
belief, authenticity, assuredness, determination;
antonyms (n) doubt, uncertainty, unpredictability,
3. accuracy (doruluk); synonyms (n) precision,

reliability, care, closeness, faithfulness, veracity.
kesinlikle 1. definitely; synonyms (adv) absolutely,
certainly, decidedly, clearly, specifically, surely,
undoubtedly, unquestionably, truly, exactly,
completely, determinately, distinctly, emphatically,
explicitly; antonyms (adv) perhaps, doubtfully,
maybe, possibly, vaguely, 2. certainly; synonyms
(adv) assuredly, necessarily, definitely, really, sure,
inevitably, indeed, indubitably, positively,
undeniably, verily, (int) yes; antonym (adv)
questionably, 3. absolutely (tamamen);
synonyms (adv) utterly, categorically, dead, entirely,
fully, just, precisely, purely, simply, thoroughly,
totally, very, altogether, directly, expressly;
antonyms (adv) partially, partly, 4. precisely;
synonyms (adv) accurately, correctly, right, literally,
meticulously, strictly, only, sharp, barely, carefully,
justly, closely, faithfully, punctually, (adj) even;
antonyms (adv) clumsily, indistinctly,
approximately, inaccurately.
kesinti cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip,
extension.
kesir fraction; synonyms (n) divide, part, segment,
bit, division, piece, proportion, section, share,
faction, cut, fragment, portion, ratio, (adj)
constituent.
kesimek cross (ha); synonyms (n) crisscross,
kesit section (blm, ksm); synonyms (n) division,
part, portion, compartment, percentage, piece,
class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode,
partition, region, (v) segment.
keskin 1. sharp (sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter,
round, smooth, 2. bitter (ac, iddetli); synonyms
(adj) acrimonious, sharp, acerbic, caustic, malicious,
resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, cutting, freezing,
icy, inclement, (n) acerbity, (v) disagreeable;
antonyms (adj) charitable, hot, kind, sugary, 3.
acute; synonyms (adj) critical, severe, shrewd,
shrill, smart, strong, acuate, discerning,
discriminating, grave, penetrative, perceptive,
trenchant, abrupt, (v) high; antonym (adj) obtuse, 4.
keen; synonyms (adj) eager, brisk, enthusiastic,
exquisite, clever, astute, desirous, ardent, bright,
fervent, hungry, impatient, (v) fresh, avid, active;
antonyms (adj) apathetic, indifferent,
Turkish - English
unenthusiastic, 5. smart (akgz); synonyms
(adj) crafty, dapper, sly, prompt, chic, jaunty, lively,
natty, neat, saucy, fine, fashionable, (v) ache, hurt,
(n) pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim,
shabby, unkempt, slow, 6. searching; synonyms
(v) excruciating, consuming, corroding, racking,
(adj) inquisitive, probing, curious, inquiring,
profound, exploratory, explorative, inquisitory, 7.
cutting; synonyms (v) dry, (adj) raw, sarcastic,
satirical, cruel, hurtful, scathing, bleak, wounding,
(n) cut, clipping, slip, clip, carving, excavation;
antonyms (n) extension, freedom, 8. exquisite;
synonyms (adj) beautiful, elegant, delicate, excellent,
dainty, gorgeous, admirable, choice, heavenly,
wonderful, charming, fair, graceful, lovely, (v)
delightful; antonym (adj) everyday, 9. quick
(abuk, hzl); synonyms (adj) agile, hasty, nimble,
speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous,
expeditious, hurried, immediate, instant, swift,
brief, (adv) fast; antonym (adj) leisurely, 10. strong;
synonyms (adj) powerful, able, deep, firm, stable,
steady, cogent, durable, forcible, good, hard,
influential, lusty, potent, rigid; antonyms (adj)
weak, faint, feeble, frail, pale, slight, unconvincing,
cowardly, diluted, exhausted, flimsy,
imperceptible, lightweight, soft, tired, 11. severe;
synonyms (adj) austere, rigorous, rough, arduous,
bad, grim, heavy, serious, strict, atrocious, difficult,
exacting, extreme, fierce, (v) poignant; antonyms
(adj) lenient, easy, lax.
keskinlik bite (srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit,
eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch.
kesme 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop,
extension, 2. cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting,
keen, acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid,
antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) freedom, 3. section
(blm, kesit, ksm); synonyms (n) division,
part, portion, compartment, percentage, piece,
class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode,
partition, region, (v) segment.
kesmek 1. cut; synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip,
extension, 2. break (mola); synonyms (v) split,
mend, (n) continuation, 3. cease (durmak);
synonyms (v) end, break, quit, terminate, abstain,
close, conclude, discontinue, desist, expire, halt,
lapse, leave, (n) finish, (adj) abate; antonyms (v)
275
continue, begin, 4. crop (rn); synonyms (n)

fruit, harvest, craw, yield, (v) browse, graze, reap,
top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj)
shear, 5. dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail,
harbor, pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage,
jetty, (v) pare, curtail, deprive, land; antonym (v)
undock, 6. fell; synonyms (v) floor, ax, level, down,
demolish, destroy, (adj) barbarous, cruel, prostrate,
brutal, fierce, savage, murderous, (n) skin, coat, 7.
drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble,
droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip,
ebb, jump, shed, (n) decline; antonyms (v) rise, lift,
(n) growth, 8. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma,
durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, delay,
interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, (n) hold,
stay, check, arrest, bar, cease, curb; antonyms (v)
start, encourage, permit, prolong, 9. slice (dilim);
synonyms (n) share, part, section, bit, chip, gash,
morsel, piece, slab, chunk, portion, scrap, (v) slash,
lacerate, slit.
kemeke chaos (kaos); synonyms (n) anarchy,
bedlam, clutter, disarray, disorder, jumble, mess,
muddle, pandemonium, uproar, mix-up,
commotion, confusion, havoc, hubbub; antonyms
(n) order, peace, orderliness, regulation.
kestirme direct (dolaysz, ynlendirmek);

request.
ketum 1. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
open, start, 2. discreet; synonyms (adj)
circumspect, prudent, careful, cautious, chary,
discerning, tactful, wise, diplomatic, considerate,
judicious, modest, politic, sensible, thoughtful;
antonyms (adj) conspicuous, elaborate, tactless,
careless, indiscreet.
keyfi arbitrary; synonyms (adj) absolute, capricious,
dictatorial, optional, erratic, random, peremptory,
masterful, haphazard, autocratic, discretionary,
dogmatic, domineering, freakish, imperious.
keyif 1. joy (sevin); synonyms (n) delight,
enjoyment, elation, gladness, glee, happiness,
pleasure, bliss, ecstasy, excitement, exhilaration,
exultation, fun, (v) exult, cheer; antonyms (n)
misery, sorrow, sadness, disaster, grief, 2. delight;
synonyms (n) joy, amusement, rejoicing,
delectation, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish,
captivate, enrapture, gratify, transport, content,
divert, enchant; antonyms (v) depress, displease, 3.
humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
276
Turkish - English

modality, (v) humor, 4. pleasure; synonyms (n)
contentment, gratification, comfort, mirth,
inclination, entertainment, fruition, pleasance,
satisfaction, desire, festivity, cheerfulness, liking,
mind, (adj) delicacy; antonyms (n) anger, ache,
boredom, nuisance.
keyifli 1. gay; synonyms (adj) cheerful, bright,
convivial, festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave,
buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, (n)
homosexual, gallant, 2. cheerful; synonyms (adj)
breezy, carefree, glad, merry, optimistic, pleasant,
animated, brisk, chipper, comfortable, contented,
happy, hopeful, jolly, joyful; antonyms (adj)
depressed, gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected,
depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose,
somber, unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, dull.
keyifsiz 1. mean (demek istemek, ortalama);

synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote,
involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful,
ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average,
2. sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing,
keza 1. also (da, de); synonyms (adv) too, likewise,
2. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, excessively,
over, overly, extremely, unduly, 3. likewise;
synonyms (adv) alike, anyway, (adj) even.
kibar 1. gentle; synonyms (adj) clement, calm, easy,
friendly, soft, affable, balmy, kind, mild, tame,
feeble, amiable, benign, bland, (n) benevolent;
antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, harsh, loud,
violent, rough, abrupt, hardhearted, heavy,
sarcastic, sheer, steep, 2. civil; synonyms (adj)
polite, courteous, civic, gracious, mannerly,
municipal, obliging, public, civilised, attentive,
complaisant, considerate, courtly, domestic,
genteel; antonym (adj) rude, 3. mild; synonyms
(adj) kindly, lenient, docile, humble, delicate, meek,
sweet, fine, indulgent, moderate, temperate,
compliant, light, flat, (n) gentle; antonyms (adj)
intense, extreme, pungent, severe, sharp, spicy,
barbed, great, hot, incisive, passionate, powerful,
scathing, wintry, 4. polite; synonyms (adj)
cultured, civil, proper, refined, chivalrous,
civilized, cultivated, polished, good, gallant,
elegant, gentlemanly, nice, respectful, smooth;
antonyms (adj) impolite, bad-mannered,
discourteous, boorish.
kibarca politely; synonyms (adv) courteously, kindly,
respectfully, agreeably, courtly, gracefully,
admiringly, amiably, assiduously, considerately,
cooperatively, cordially, elegantly, genially,
harmoniously; antonyms (adv) impolitely,

brusquely, rudely, discourteously.
kibarlk courtesy (nezaket); synonyms (n) civility,
propriety, chivalry, comity, decency, gallantry,
politeness, attention, breeding, etiquette, affability,
complaisance; antonyms (n) rudeness, discourtesy.
kibir pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast,
humility, modesty.
kibirli 1. arrogant; synonyms (adj) haughty,
imperious, presumptuous, proud, dogmatic,
boastful, conceited, condescending, disdainful,
domineering, egotistical, insolent, overbearing,
supercilious, vain; antonyms (adj) modest, selfeffacing, (syn) humble, 2. proud (gururlu);
synonyms (adj) arrogant, dignified, lofty, exalted,
gallant, lordly, majestic, pompous, elated, grand,
magnificent, noble, sublime, superior, high;
antonyms (adj) ashamed, embarrassed, 3.
important (nemli); synonyms (adj) essential,
grave, fundamental, significant, chief, crucial, key,
remarkable, serious, earnest, authoritative, big,
central, consequential, considerable; antonyms (adj)
unimportant, insignificant, trivial, minor,
irrelevant, low, worthless, 4. superior; synonyms
(adj) senior, dominant, better, exceptional,
predominant, elder, great, eminent, excellent,
higher, select, commanding, admirable, distinctive,
important; antonyms (adj) worse, poor, (n) inferior,
subordinate, subscript.
kibrit match (e); synonyms (n) equal, competition,
couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel,
accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize,
balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict.
k 1. bottom (alt, dip); synonyms (n) base, basis,
pinnacle, (adj) highest, 2. behind; synonyms (prep)
after, abaft, (adv) backward, backwards, late, later,
aback, beyond, trailing, (n) bottom, can, posterior,
rump, tail, (adj) rear; antonyms (adv) ahead, early,
fore.
kdemli senior; synonyms (adj) older, old, aged,
elderly, major, superior, predecessor, (n) elder,
head, dean, ruler, chief, sachem; antonyms (adj)
subordinate, (n) junior.
kik shell (kabuk); synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet,
case, casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v)
bomb, bombard, husk, pod, blast.
kil clay; synonyms (n) soil, remains, pottery, dirt, dust,
loam, mud, ashes, cadaver, (adj) earthen.
Turkish - English
kl hair (sa); synonyms (n) fuzz, coat, down, fleece,
fur, hairbreadth, haircloth, locks, pile, coiffure, (adj)
brush, clipping, driblet.
klavuz 1. guide (rehber); synonyms (n) escort,
directory, attendant, control, usher, chief, (v) direct,
conduct, govern, drive, channel, bring, advise,
cicerone, convey; antonym (v) follow, 2. pilot
(pilot); synonyms (n) guide, leader, aviator,
captain, airman, cowcatcher, flier, (v) manage, lead,
director, fly, navigate, show, steer, (adj)
experimental, 3. manual; synonyms (n) handbook,
guidebook, brochure, primer, text, textbook,
compendium, grammar, abecedary, codex, libretto;
antonyms (adj) automatic, mechanized.
klavuzluk lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct,
antonym (v) follow.
klk 1. bone (kemik); synonyms (n) os, ivory,
mouth, osmium, argument, bead, block, (v)
cartilage, swot, gristle, prepare, arise, attire, beat,
bill, 2. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n)
chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament,
rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line,
3. spine (omurga); synonyms (n) backbone,
kiler cellar (bodrum); synonyms (n) vault, basement,
cellarage, winery, cockpit, hold, bound, catacomb,
cell, floor, sepulcher, tomb, vineyard, chateau,
curvet.
kl sword; synonyms (n) blade, rapier, brand, steel,
glaive, knife, brond, firebrand, fox, intoxicate,
make, mark, marque, morglay, point.
klf cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top,
kilim rug; synonyms (n) blanket, carpet, carpeting,
mat, coverlet, counterpane, quilt, floor, sheet,
tarpaulin, bathmat, doormat, flooring, runner, (v)
plunder.
kilise church; synonyms (n) cathedral, temple,
denomination, meetinghouse, minster, chantry,
churchdom, oratory, shrine, cult, sect, communion,
creed, faith, (adj) pope.
kilit lock (kilitlemek); synonyms (n) curl, hook,
padlock, (v) bolt, bar, close, latch, engage, fasten,
hug, hold, interlock, secure, shut, (adj) hair;
kilitlemek lock (kilit); synonyms (n) curl, hook,
padlock, (v) bolt, bar, close, latch, engage, fasten,
hug, hold, interlock, secure, shut, (adj) hair;
kilitli locked; synonyms (adj) bolted, latched, closed,
barred, fast, barricaded, blockaded, bonded,
277
clocked, colorfast, debauched, degenerate,

degraded, dissipated, dissolute.
klmak render; synonyms (v) afford, interpret,
explain, furnish, give, offer, pay, construe, depict,
impart, make, provide, return, translate, yield.
kim who; synonyms (pron) one, (adj) which, what.
kime who (kim); synonyms (pron) one, (adj) which,
what.
kimi some (baz, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly,
kmldamak move (hareket, tanmak); synonyms
drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay.
kmldatmak move (hareket, tanmak);

motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay.
kimlik 1. identity (zdelik); synonyms (n)
equivalence, 2. identification; synonyms (n)
designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming,
papers, remembering, badge, recognition,
denomination.
kimse 1. person (kii, ahs); synonyms (n) fellow,
human, individual, man, being, body, character,
creature, mortal, soul, life, homo, form, organism,
(v) party; antonym (n) automaton, 2. soul (ruh);
synonyms (n) ghost, heart, mind, person,
personification, essence, psyche, self, marrow,
bosom, breast, embodiment, (adj) core,
quintessence, gist, 3. somebody (biri, birisi);
synonyms (pron) someone, anybody, (n) personage,
notable, (adj) celebrity, hero, lion, notability;
antonym (pron) nobody.
kimya chemistry; synonyms (n) alchemy, attraction,
charm, organization, (adj) acyclic, botany.
kimyager chemist; synonyms (n) apothecary,
pharmacist, druggist, pharmaceutist, pharmacy,
pharmacopolist, alchemist, chemic, dispensatory,
laborant, analyst.
kimyasal chemical; synonyms (adj) chemic,
alchemical, alkaline, plastic, spagyrical, actinic,
analytical, ersatz, synthesized, synthetic,
synthetical, (n) ammunition, reagent.
kimyevi chemical (kimyasal); synonyms (adj)
chemic, alchemical, alkaline, plastic, spagyrical,
actinic, analytical, ersatz, synthesized, synthetic,
synthetical, (n) ammunition, reagent.
kin 1. gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, cheek,
freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate,
2. hatred (nefret); synonyms (n) detestation,
abhorrence, antipathy, aversion, disgust, grudge,
278
Turkish - English
abomination, antagonism, dislike, hostility, odium,

rancor, (v) hate, enmity, animosity; antonyms (n)
love, adoration, liking, 3. hate (nefret); synonyms
(v) abhor, detest, abominate, loathe, despise, scorn,
disdain, (n) hatred, distaste, execration, loathing,
revulsion, spite, repugnance, repulsion; antonyms
(v) like, adore.
knama 1. criticism; synonyms (n) critique,
commentary, blame, review, animadversion,
attack, censure, comment, denunciation,
disapproval, knock, rebuke, stricture, complaint,
objection; antonyms (n) praise, approval,
admiration, compliment, 2. blame (sulamak);
synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, reprimand, charge,
reproach, chide, fault, attribute, criticize, (n) rap,
onus, accusation, allegation, condemnation,
inculpation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve.
knamak fault (arza, bozukluk, hata, kusur);

synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame,
blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, break,
demerit, weakness, (v) deficiency, culpability;
antonyms (n) merit, strength.
kip 1. mode; synonyms (n) means, fashion, manner,
method, form, way, condition, custom, guise, style,
wise, appearance, approach, fad, modality, 2.
mood; synonyms (n) humor, atmosphere, climate,
disposition, air, attitude, feeling, mode, temper,
character, humour, state, sulk, temperament, tone.
kir 1. dirt; synonyms (n) soil, dust, filth, grime, crap,
ground, mire, scandal, contamination, smudge,
dirtiness, foulness, impurity, land, muck, 2. soil
(toprak); synonyms (n) dirt, (v) blot, contaminate,
dirty, pollute, blemish, defile, foul, mould, smear,
smirch, smutch, begrime, daub, (adj) blur; antonym
(v) clean.
kr 1. field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena,
area, battlefield, domain, ground, place,
battleground, compass, court, department,
discipline, range, realm, section, sphere, 2. grey
(gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish, hoar,
hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v)
gray, 3. wilderness; synonyms (n) desert, wild,
wasteland, solitude, wildness, (v) waste, 4.
country (lke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home,
land, commonwealth, kingdom, region, soil,
territory, district, nationality, province, (adj) rural,
rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 5.
moor; synonyms (n) marsh, moorland, plain,
swamp, (v) anchor, berth, fasten, tie, dock, secure,
hitch, fix, bind, (adj) picket, lash.
kira 1. hire; synonyms (n) wage, employment, fee,
pay, salary, fare, (v) employ, engage, charter, enlist,
rent, retain, take, commission, compensation;
antonym (v) dismiss, 2. rent; synonyms (n) breach,
cleft, fissure, lease, let, crevice, break, crack, tear,
hole, flaw, fracture, gap, rift, (v) hire.
kirac tenant; synonyms (n) inhabitant, lodger,

occupant, resident, holder, occupier, renter, inmate,
dweller, householder, (v) inhabit, occupy;
antonyms (n) landlord, proprietor.
kiraclk tenancy; synonyms (n) occupancy,
occupation, tenure, possession, tenantry,
ownership, use, (adj) shaky, weak, feeble, fragile,
halfhearted, questionable, unconvincing,
unsubstantiated.
kra frost (ayaz); synonyms (n) cold, freeze,
freezing, rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice.
kiralama 1. hire; synonyms (n) wage, employment,
fee, pay, salary, fare, (v) employ, engage, charter,
enlist, rent, retain, take, commission,
compensation; antonym (v) dismiss, 2. lease;
synonyms (n) leasing, letting, rental, (v) hire, let,
contract, demise, give, acquire, allow, buy,
consider, convey, get.
kiralamak 1. charter; synonyms (n) hire, permit,
authority, code, law, license, constitution, contract,
franchise, (v) let, rent, engage, lease, take, get, 2.
hire; synonyms (n) wage, employment, fee, pay,
salary, fare, payment, (v) employ, charter, enlist,
retain, commission, compensation, select, book;
antonym (v) dismiss, 3. job (i); synonyms (n)
chore, position, work, assignment, business, career,
duty, matter, occupation, post, task, concern,
function, labor, line, 4. lease; synonyms (n) leasing,
letting, rental, (v) demise, give, acquire, allow, buy,
consider, convey, 5. rent; synonyms (n) breach,
cleft, fissure, crevice, break, crack, tear, hole, flaw,
fracture, gap, rift, rip, slit, split, 6. take (almak);
synonyms (v) admit, hold, adopt, bear, carry, catch,
clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, (n)
seize, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) refuse,
abstain, add, lose, 7. tenant (kirac); synonyms (n)
inhabitant, lodger, occupant, resident, holder,
occupier, renter, inmate, dweller, householder, (v)
inhabit, occupy; antonyms (n) landlord, proprietor.
krba whip; synonyms (n) coachman, (v) scourge,
lash, flog, strap, beat, flagellate, goad, punish, stir,
thrash, trounce, wallop, chastise, cane.
krdrmak discount; synonyms (n) deduction, rebate,
allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v) reduce,
disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct, depreciate, cut,
dismiss, reject; antonym (v) increase.
kire lime; synonyms (n) birdlime, basswood, calx,
lemon, cement, linden, quicklime, (v) forelay, (adj)
green.
krk 1. broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj)
constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild, 2. break
(mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail,
infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture,
stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension;
Turkish - English
antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n)
continuation.
krlgan fragile; synonyms (adj) dainty, delicate, frail,
breakable, brittle, flimsy, weak, faint, feeble, fine,
slim, frangible, insubstantial, shaky, slender;
antonyms (adj) strong, unbreakable, substantial,
sturdy, permanent, robust.
krlma breaking; synonyms (n) break, breach,
breakage, violation, contravention, infringement;
antonym (n) observance.
krlmak break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack,
mend, (n) continuation.
krlm broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj)
constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild.
krnt 1. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece,
atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion,
shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling, 2.
fragment; synonyms (n) fraction, division, grain,
rag, remnant, section, share, sherd, (v) bit, chip,
shiver, splinter, break, crumble, crack, 3. scrap;
synonyms (n) fight, brawl, clash, end, junk,
remainder, conflict, waste, rubbish, residue, (v)
quarrel, row, discard, reject, dump; antonym (v)
keep.
kiri 1. beam (n); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray,
timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast,
gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2. chord;
synonyms (n) cord, harmony, curve, flange,
enticement, (v) accord, harmonise, harmonize,
agree, consort, reconcile, (adj) subtense, 3. string
strand, twine, range, filament, rank, series, thread,
tie, sequence, fiber, (v) run, (adj) line.
krmak bunch (grup, salkm); synonyms (n)
cluster, clump, crowd, batch, band, gang, group,
lot, troop, horde, bulge, herd, (v) bundle, huddle,
pack; antonym (v) disperse.
krk forty; synonyms (n) forties, (adj) twoscore.
krlamak grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull,
greyness, (v) gray.
kirlenme 1. contamination; synonyms (n) contagion,
pollution, contaminant, infection, dirtying,
corruption, taint, vitiation, adulteration, depravity,
(v) defilement; antonym (n) decontamination, 2.
pollution; synonyms (n) contamination, filth,
befoulment, dirtiness, impurity, infamy, foulness,
soiling, disgrace, filthiness, violation, dirt, stain,
(adj) backsliding, demoralization.
279
kirlenmek 1. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul,

dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy,
2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, grime,
land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, dirty, pollute, mire,
blemish, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, (adj) blur.
kirletme pollution; synonyms (n) contamination,
filth, infection, befoulment, corruption, dirtiness,
impurity, infamy, foulness, soiling, contagion,
disgrace, (adj) defilement, taint, depravity.
kirletmek 1. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul,
2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, grime,
land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, dirty, pollute, mire,
blemish, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, (adj) blur.
kirli 1. dirty (pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt,
2. filthy; synonyms (adj) dirty, nasty, unclean,
disgusting, squalid, awful, grimy, grubby,
indecent, ribald, smutty, sordid, vile, vulgar,
distasteful; antonym (adj) decent.
kirlilik pollution; synonyms (n) contamination, filth,
infection, befoulment, corruption, dirtiness,
impurity, infamy, foulness, soiling, contagion,
disgrace, (adj) defilement, taint, depravity.
krmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack,
mend, (n) continuation, 2. discount; synonyms (n)
deduction, rebate, allowance, bargain, decrease,
reduction, (v) reduce, disregard, ignore, neglect,
deduct, depreciate, cut, dismiss, reject; antonym (v)
increase.
krmz 1. red (al, kzl); synonyms (adj) crimson,
inflamed, 2. scarlet; synonyms (adj) red, (n)
vermilion.
krpnt scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl,
antonym (v) keep.
krpmak crop (rn); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest,
craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut,
lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear.
krsal 1. country (lke); synonyms (n) state, nation,
home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, place,
280
Turkish - English
realm, region, soil, territory, (adj) rural, rustic,

public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 2. rural;
synonyms (adj) provincial, agricultural, countrified,
country, pastoral, predial, agrestic, arable.
krtasiyecilik bureaucracy (brokrasi); synonyms
(n) bureaucratism, apparatus, cabinet, fascism,
formalities, government, authority, beadledom,
directorate, establishment, management, ministry,
officials, paperwork, system.
k winter; synonyms (n) wintertime, season, chill,
frost, hiems, coldness, iciness, (v) hibernate.
ksa 1. short (bodur); synonyms (adj) brief, concise,
scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious,
laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate,
insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high,
lengthy, 2. brief; synonyms (adj) short, abridge,
little, summary, transient, short-lived, abbreviated,
fleeting, succinct, (n) abstract, digest, epitome,
report, (v) compact, notify; antonyms (adj) longdrawn-out, long-winded, permanent, timeconsuming, 3. compact; synonyms (adj) dense,
hard, solid, thick, (n) agreement, arrangement,
contract, covenant, bargain, engagement, bond, (v)
compress, condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms
(adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse.
ksaca shortly; synonyms (adv) presently, briefly,
soon, immediately, abruptly, concisely, curtly,
short, anon, now, brusquely, directly, quickly,
rapidly, (adj) forthwith.
ksaltmak contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter,
(v) covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense,
narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle,
kii 1. person (ahs); synonyms (n) fellow, human,
individual, man, being, body, character, creature,
mortal, soul, life, homo, form, organism, (v) party;
antonym (n) automaton, 2. self (kendi, z);
synonyms (n) ego, person, someone, essence,
individuality, personality, selfness, spirit, (adj)
same, 3. man (adam, erkek, insan); synonyms
(n) gentleman, guy, husband, humanity,
humankind, humans, mankind, world, hand,
servant, somebody, garrison, (v) equip, (obj) he,
male; antonym (n) woman, 4. individual (birey,
bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular,
single, different, alone, certain, characteristic,
distinctive, especial, exclusive, singular, sole,
solitary, special, independent; antonyms (adj) joint,
combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n)
collective, 5. soul (ruh); synonyms (n) ghost,
heart, mind, personification, psyche, self, marrow,
bosom, breast, embodiment, (adj) core,
quintessence, gist, incarnation, backbone.
kiilik 1. personality; synonyms (n) individuality,
person, celebrity, character, identity, nature,
characteristic, disposition, temperament, essence,
individualism, name, being, distinctiveness, self;

antonym (n) nobody, 2. character (karakter);
synonyms (n) kind, note, part, quality, role, type,
brand, constitution, description, eccentric, spirit,
tone, standing, atmosphere, attitude, 3. self
(kendi, z); synonyms (n) ego, individual,
someone, personality, selfness, soul, (adj) same.
ksm 1. section (blm, kesit); synonyms (n)
division, part, portion, compartment, percentage,
piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, department,
episode, partition, region, (v) segment, 2. part
(blm, para); synonyms (n) constituent, article,
character, component, cut, section, share, allotment,
bit, (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce, cleave,
dissociate; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj)
complete, 3. portion (para, porsiyon);
synonyms (n) allot, fragment, parcel, dole,
allowance, deal, destiny, fate, fortune, installment,
(v) lot, dividend, assign, dispense, distribute, 4.
fragment; synonyms (n) fraction, crumb, morsel,
grain, rag, remnant, sherd, shred, snatch, (v) chip,
scrap, shiver, splinter, crumble, crack, 5. chapter
(blm); synonyms (n) convocation, head, stage,
caput, 6. division (blm); synonyms (n)
disagreement, split, cleavage, classification,
category, difference, discord, demarcation, sharing,
area, arm, boundary, breach, detachment, (v)
distribution; antonyms (n) closeness, convergence,
estimation, unification, 7. episode; synonyms (n)
affair, event, incident, occurrence, happening,
occasion, circumstance, subdivision, anecdote,
experience, fact, instalment, interlude, parenthesis,
sequence, 8. department (blm); synonyms (n)
bureau, agency, faculty, domain, field, line, office,
realm, subject, service, district, group, kingdom,
organization, province, 9. segment (kesim,
para); synonyms (n) paragraph, slice, proportion,
length, sector, metamere, block, strip, chunk.
kiisel 1. personal; synonyms (adj) individual, own,
particular, human, intimate, peculiar, private,
direct, proper, subjective, physical, confidential,
especial, original, privy; antonyms (adj) public,
general, 2. intimate; synonyms (adj) close,
informal, inner, internal, bosom, (v) express, allude,
hint, imply, indicate, insinuate, suggest, (n)
familiar, confidante, (adv) dear; antonym (adj)
distant, 3. individual (birey, bireysel);
synonyms (adj) distinct, single, different, alone,
certain, characteristic, distinctive, exclusive,
singular, sole, (n) creature, fellow, man, mortal,
person; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common,
communal, vague, (n) collective, 4. private (zel);
synonyms (adj) clandestine, personal, covert,
hidden, secret, esoteric, domestic, interior, lonely,
retired, secluded, special, inside, mysterious,
inward; antonyms (adj) community, nationalized,
official, state-owned, civic, shared, state.
Turkish - English
kst constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n) coercion,
compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, duress,
enforcement, limitation, obligation, pressure,
restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj) reserve;
antonym (n) incentive.
kstlama 1. constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n)
coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement,
duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation,
pressure, restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj)
reserve; antonym (n) incentive, 2. qualification;
synonyms (n) capability, competence, fitness,
preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability,
alteration, modification, requirement, reservation,
(adj) faculty, endowment, property.
kstlamak limit (snr); synonyms (n) bound,
boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe,
confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close,
constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center,
extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend.
kstlayc restrictive; synonyms (adj) prohibitive,
restraining, exclusive, restricted, astringent,
binding, clannish, coactive, compulsory,
conditional, costive, obligatory, opposed,
preventive, (v) limitary; antonym (adj) encouraging.
kstl 1. limited; synonyms (adj) finite, circumscribed,
moderate, qualified, special, insular, bounded,
narrow, scanty, slender, particular, specific,
definite, conditional, constricted; antonyms (adj)
boundless, infinite, limitless, open, complete,
never-ending, unlimited, wide, 2. qualified;
synonyms (adj) competent, capable, eligible,
efficient, fit, proficient, able, clever, expert,
adequate, certified, limited, restricted, fitted,
prepared; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total,
unofficial.
kskan 1. jealous; synonyms (adj) covetous,
distrustful, envious, suspicious, resentful,
invidious, green, grudging, 2. yellow (sar);
synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber, chicken,
chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven,
spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward,
(adv) cowardly.
kskanlk jealousy; synonyms (n) suspicion,
competition, contention, distrust, qualm, scruple,
doubt, challenge, contest, diffidence,
dissatisfaction, emulation, enmity, jealoushood,
misdoubt.
kla quarters; synonyms (n) dwelling, abode,
domicile, lodging, residence, diggings, digs, pad,
accommodation, barracks, habitation, quartering,
housing, place, address.
klamak winter (k); synonyms (n) wintertime,
season, chill, frost, hiems, coldness, iciness, (v)
hibernate.
ksmak narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close, limited,
insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined,
contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge,
281
dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad,

comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend.
ksmen partly; synonyms (adv) partially, part,
halfway, incompletely, relatively, party, carelessly,
comparatively, inadequately, insufficiently,
measurably, (adj) half, semi, quasi, (pron) what;
antonyms (adv) completely, wholly, entirely.
ksmet 1. fortune; synonyms (n) chance, destiny,
estate, fate, fluke, accident, luck, means,
abundance, assets, doom, lot, riches, wealth,
blessing, 2. destiny; synonyms (n) fortune, kismet,
destination, portion, weird, circumstances, 3. lot
(parti); synonyms (n) batch, slice, allot, bunch,
circle, group, set, share, allotment, band, caboodle,
cluster, collection, (v) deal, apportion, 4. fate
(kader); synonyms (n) fatality, end, future, hap, (v)
destine, designate, destruction.
ksmi partial; synonyms (adj) incomplete, imperfect,
fragmentary, unfair, sectional, inequitable, biased,
part, unequal, halfway, partisan, prejudiced,
unfinished, unjust, (v) party; antonyms (adj)
complete, impartial, total, absolute, comprehensive,
unbiased.
ksrak mare; synonyms (n) bitch, doe, hen, horse,
jennet, boundary, genet, lady, mere, mount, roe,
sow, stallion, charger, gelding.
kstas criterion (kriter, lt); synonyms (n)
benchmark, measure, norm, test, canon, mark,
criterium, gauge, pattern, principle, proof, rule,
touchstone.
kt spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess,
kta continent; synonyms (n) land, delta, peninsula,
area, boundary, capacity, circle, (adj) chaste,
celibate, abstemious, pure, temperate, abstinent,
sober, austere; antonym (adj) incontinent.
kitap book; synonyms (n) bible, journal, pamphlet,
tome, volume, writing, text, manuscript, (v) order,
reserve, apply, inscribe, list, record, arrest.
kitaplk library (ktphane); synonyms (n)
bibliotheca, annals, archive, bibliotheke, den,
documentation, documents, records, store.
ktasal continental; synonyms (adj) littoral, midland,
riparian, earthy.
kitle mass (yn); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk,
heap, crowd, cluster, pile, bunch, collection, lump,
magnitude, majority, accumulation, aggregate,
amount, (v) flock.
ktlk shortage (ak); synonyms (n) dearth, defect,
deficiency, lack, paucity, deficit, famine,
insufficiency, need, poverty, scantiness, scarcity,
shortfall, want, deprivation; antonyms (n)
abundance, excess, overabundance, surplus,
affluence, glut.
282
Turkish - English
kvam consistency (tutarllk); synonyms (n)
kymamak spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender,
consistence, agreement, body, coherence,

consonance, conformity, congruence, congruity,
density, uniformity, accordance, concord,
compatibility, consentaneousness, accord;
antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy.
kvrma bend (bkme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc,
kvrmak bend (bkme); synonyms (n) bow, arch,
kvrm 1. bend (bkme); synonyms (n) bow, arch,
(v) straighten, square, 2. curve (eri, kavis);
synonyms (n) bend, kink, round, bender, loop, coil,
contour, (v) hook, wind, distort, meander, inflect,
circle, crimp, lean.
kyafet costume (giysi, kostm); synonyms (n)
attire, clothing, apparel, clothes, dress, garb, suit,
outfit, uniform, disguise, drapery, garment,
garments, gown, (v) clothe.
kyas analogy (benzerlik, rnekseme); synonyms
(n) semblance, agreement, correspondence, parity,
resemblance, similarity, affinity, comparison,
likeness, parallel; antonym (n) dissimilarity.
kyaslama comparison; synonyms (n) analogy,
ky 1. coast (sahil); synonyms (n) bank, beach,
seaside, shore, seashore, sand, seacoast, shoreline,
(v) glide, slide, drift, cruise; antonym (n) interior, 2.
shore; synonyms (n) coast, prop, edge, land,
buttress, stay, brace, margin, border, riverside,
coastline, shoring, side, waterside, (v) support, 3.
strand; synonyms (n) rope, chain, filament, line,
string, thread, wisp, yarn, fibril, scar, (v) maroon,
desert, abandon, 4. edge (kenar); synonyms (n)
boundary, verge, blade, brink, extremity,
advantage, brim, butt, corner, limit, perimeter,
periphery, rand, (v) bound, hem; antonyms (n)
center, (v) middle, 5. bank (banka); synonyms (n)
dam, slope, store, stack, bluff, heap, hill, stock, (v)
embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely,
acclivity, ascent; antonym (v) withdraw, 6. side
(kenar, yan); synonyms (n) rim, faction, direction,
face, part, hand, aspect, facet, page, position, wing,
flank, incline, (v) party, (adj) nearby; antonym (adj)
distant, 7. seaside (sahil); synonym (n) seaboard.

kymet 1. price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) cost,
worth, charge, expense, figure, damage, fee,
payment, toll, (v) appraise, estimate, amount,
assess, (adj) merit, value, 2. value; synonyms (n)
importance, rate, consequence, regard, (v) price,
appreciate, esteem, evaluate, cherish, measure,
prize, rank, respect, revere, treasure; antonyms (n)
disadvantage, futility, uselessness, insignificance.
kymetli 1. valuable; synonyms (adj) costly,
estimable, precious, beneficial, expensive, helpful,
useful, worthy, admirable, important, dear,
invaluable, priceless, profitable, rich; antonyms
(adj) worthless, useless, 2. precious; synonyms (adj)
beloved, cherished, valuable, golden, choice,
inestimable, exquisite, cute, noble, good, goodly,
adorable, (n) darling, (adv) extremely, preciously.
kz 1. girl; synonyms (n) damsel, lady, daughter, fille,
lass, maid, wench, virgin, quean, female, girlfriend,
woman, 2. queen (kralie); synonyms (n)
empress, king, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot,
fairy, pansy, queer, ace, ruler, 3. virgin (bakire);
synonyms (adj) pure, vestal, chaste, innocent, new,
fresh, intact, untouched, unmixed, virginal,
virtuous, unmarried, (n) maiden, girl.
kzarmak 1. glow; synonyms (n) beam, color, glare,
sparkle, blaze, flash, (v) blush, flush, gleam,
glimmer, shine, burn, flare, fire, flame; antonym (n)
dullness, 2. flame (alev); synonyms (n) ardour,
burning, combustion, enthusiasm, fervor, fervour,
darling, ardor, flaming, (v) heat, kindle, (adj) glow,
sweetheart, beau, lover.
kzdrmak anger (hiddet, kzgnlk, fke);

synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation,
resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense,
aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend,
wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v)
please, placate, pacify, calm.
kzgn 1. angry (fkeli); synonyms (adj) furious,
pleased, gentle, 2. cross (ha); synonyms (n)
thwart, bilk, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry,
cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky;
antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) good-tempered, 3.
furious; synonyms (adj) violent, enraged, ferocious,
frantic, wild, boisterous, frenzied, infuriated,
rampant, desperate, cross, fiery, heated, hot,
impetuous, 4. hot (scak); synonyms (adj) warm,
ardent, burning, feverish, flaming, fresh, blistering,
eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy,
new, acrid; antonyms (adj) mild, cool, cold,
freezing, airy, bland, chilly, 5. sore; synonyms (adj)
Turkish - English
painful, sensitive, raw, indignant, aching, huffy, (n)
injury, boil, cut, lesion, canker, abscess, (v) hurt,
acute, sharp; antonym (adj) painless, 6. wild;
synonyms (adj) desert, waste, reckless, desolate,
rude, stormy, untamed, giddy, barbarous, rough,
vicious, wanton, barbarian, barbaric, barren;
antonyms (adj) orderly, domestic, manageable,
sane, cultivated, restrained, tame.
kzgnlk 1. anger (hiddet, fke); synonyms (n)
placate, pacify, calm, 2. heat (s); synonyms (n)
glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric,
estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever,
excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v)
cool, 3. irritation; synonyms (n) aggravation,
exasperation, bother, excitation, temper, annoying,
frustration, irritability, nuisance, pique, vexation,
botheration, stimulation, harassment, exacerbation.
kzl red (al, krmz); synonyms (adj) crimson,
inflamed.
kzma resentment; synonyms (n) grudge, anger,
kzmak heat (s); synonyms (n) glow, fervor,
passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool.
klakson horn (boynuz, korna); synonyms (n)
hooter, cornet, klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo,
arm, faldstool, ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak,
nose, basin, (v) butt.
klasik 1. classic; synonyms (adj) classical, model,
archetypal, exemplary, ideal, typical,
representative, traditional, archaic, heroic, (n)
masterpiece; antonym (n) second-rate, 2. classical;
synonyms (adj) correct, attic, authoritative, chaste,
perfect, (n) classic, refined.
klasr file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document,
klavye keyboard; synonym (n) upright.
klinik 1. clinic; synonyms (n) infirmary, hospital,
workshop, clinique, faculty, hospice, institution,
class, meeting, practicum, (v) clinical, 2. clinical;
synonyms (adj) neutral, antiseptic, emotionless,
scientific.
kliring clearing; synonyms (n) clarification, glade,
clearance, dell, lot, aisle, assart, colonization,
defrayal, hollow, payment, region, track,
allowance, basin.
283
klie cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip,

extension.
koalisyon coalition; synonyms (n) alliance,
association, combination, league, union, affiliation,
alignment, alinement, coalescence, confederation,
fusion, junction, compact, bond, consolidation;
antonym (n) nonalignment.
ko ram; synonyms (n) tup, (v) beat, cram, crash,
drive, jam, pack, push, force, fill, bump, pound,
press, squeeze, stuff.
koca husband; synonyms (n) consort, wife, hubby,
man, master, mate, partner, spouse, baron, (v)
conserve, economize, preserve, save, economise.
kocaman 1. huge; synonyms (adj) big, enormous,
gigantic, immense, large, vast, colossal, extensive,
great, elephantine, ample, considerable, excessive,
gargantuan, giant; antonyms (adj) tiny,
insignificant, miniature, small, 2. enormous;
synonyms (adj) huge, exorbitant, prodigious,
tremendous, stupendous, infinite, massive,
monumental, terrific, terrible, flagrant,
immeasurable, mammoth, mighty, monstrous;
antonym (adj) minute, 3. big (byk); synonyms
(adj) major, heavy, important, significant, thick,
sturdy, generous, adult, bad, burly, hefty, high,
liberal, magnanimous, momentous; antonyms (adj)
little, puny, 4. tremendous; synonyms (adj)
fantastic, dreadful, marvelous, wonderful,
formidable, fearful, awful, rattling, howling,
awesome, brilliant, devastating, excellent, frightful,
horrible.
kod code (kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher, charter,
law, act, key, rule, codex, canon, constitution,
regulation, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt.
kodes jug; synonyms (n) jar, vase, bottle, container,
pot, bucket, jugful, pail, pitcher, tankard, (v) jail,
gaol, immure, imprison, lag.
kodlamak code (kod); synonyms (n) cipher, charter,
law, act, key, rule, codex, canon, constitution,
regulation, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt.
kou ward; synonyms (n) guard, charge, custody,
protection, care, district, neighborhood, quarter,
defense, keep, area, region, division, (v) shelter,
protect.
khne fossil (fosil); synonyms (n) fogey, fogy, dodo,
pebble.
kk 1. root; synonyms (n) base, foundation, origin,
basis, radical, radix, cause, derivation, reason,
beginning, bottom, core, essence, (v) establish, dig,
2. origin (balang, kaynak, kken);

synonyms (n) lineage, birth, descent, ancestry,
commencement, extraction, fountain, inception,
284
Turkish - English
root, source, well, head, cradle, fountainhead,

genesis; antonym (n) end, 3. radical (radikal);
synonyms (adj) extremist, basic, exhaustive,
extreme, revolutionary, primary, ultra, drastic,
primordial, basal, fanatical, militant, (n) group,
nihilist, essential; antonyms (adj) conventional, oldfashioned, (n) moderate, conservative,
traditionalist.
kokain snow (kar); synonyms (n) cocaine, coke,
precipitation, snowfall, bark, barque, brig, cocain,
ship, (v) beguile, overwhelm, bamboozle,
hoodwink.
kken 1. origin (balang, kaynak); synonyms (n)
cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth, descent,
ancestry, commencement, derivation, extraction,
foundation, fountain, inception, root, source;
antonym (n) end, 2. beginning (balang);
synonyms (n) begin, opening, origin, start, dawn,
debut, emergence, genesis, incipiency, initiation,
introduction, kickoff, (adj) original, first, incipient;
antonyms (n) finish, finale, conclusion, demise,
ending, 3. root (kk); synonyms (n) basis, radical,
radix, reason, bottom, core, essence, etymon, heart,
stem, groundwork, germ, stub, (v) establish, dig, 4.
spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump,
leap, bound, skip, dance, rise, jet, (v) hop, caper,
bounce, dive, originate, recoil, proceed, (adj) elastic,
5. principle (ilke); synonyms (n) fundamental,
method, rule, doctrine, ground, dogma, element,
law, precept, tenet, integrity, canon, formula,
maxim, nature.
koklama smell (koklamak); synonyms (n) odor,
fragrance, savor, aroma, bouquet, odour, savour,
stench, flavor, smack, (v) reek, nose, perfume, scent,
stink.
koklamak 1. smell; synonyms (n) odor, fragrance,
savor, aroma, bouquet, odour, savour, stench,
flavor, smack, (v) reek, nose, perfume, scent, stink,
2. nose (burun); synonyms (n) beak, hooter,
nozzle, proboscis, honker, bow, (v) pry, sniff, wind,
nuzzle, search, smell, snoop, poke.
kkl radical (radikal); synonyms (adj) extremist,
basic, exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, base,
primary, ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, (n) basis,
foundation, origin, group; antonyms (adj)
conventional, old-fashioned, (n) moderate,
conservative, traditionalist.
kokmak smell (koklamak); synonyms (n) odor,
fragrance, savor, aroma, bouquet, odour, savour,
stench, flavor, smack, (v) reek, nose, perfume, scent,
stink.
kokmu rotten (rk); synonyms (adj) bad, foul,
poor, fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby,
corrupt, crappy, decomposed, (v) decayed, rancid;
antonym (adj) fresh.
kktenci radical (radikal); synonyms (adj) extremist,
basic, exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, base,
primary, ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, (n) basis,

kokteyl cocktail; synonyms (n) appetizer, mixture,
combination, blend, concoction, mix, alcohol,
beverage, brew, draft, drink, infusion, potion, beer,
(v) champagne.
koku 1. odour; synonyms (n) fragrance, flavour,
aroma, smell, odor, scent, flavor, feel, feeling, look,
olfaction, smelling, spirit, tone, 2. smell
(koklamak); synonyms (n) savor, bouquet, odour,
savour, stench, smack, relish, sense, breath, (v) reek,
nose, perfume, stink, sniff, snuff, 3. scent;
synonyms (n) essence, redolence, incense, clue, trail,
clew, key, hint, tang, track, wake, (v) wind,
aromatize, (adj) smoke, suspect.
kol 1. arm; synonyms (n) branch, wing, bay,
department, division, limb, might, offshoot, power,
section, sleeve, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide;
antonym (v) disarm, 2. branch (dal, dallanmak,
ube); synonyms (n) arm, jump, affiliate, ramus,
member, outgrowth, shoot, stem, stick,
subdivision, (v) fork, diverge, divide, split, (adj)
tributary, 3. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v)
grip, clutch, grasp, 4. sleeve; synonyms (n) case,
liner, cover, cuff, collar, sheath, skin, socket,
wristband, gauntlet, glove, mitten, (v) mesh, net,
plexus, 5. department (blm); synonyms (n)
bureau, compartment, area, agency, class, faculty,
domain, field, line, office, part, realm, subject,
service, district, 6. limb; synonyms (n) bough,
extremity, edge, gavelock, handspike, jemmy,
jimmy, 7. wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n)
annex, fender, pinion, flank, extension, pennon,
feather, faction, sail, shelter, winger, addition,
annexe, (v) fly, soar.
kolay 1. easy; synonyms (adj) comfortable,
convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, lenient, light,
clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy, cushy, (adv)
soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous,
demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome,
particular, strenuous, tough, awkward, formal,
testing, uneasy, 2. smooth (dz, dzgn);
synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat,
flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, greasy, liquid, (v)
quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough,
uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh,
jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled,
corrugated, (v) wrinkle.
kolayca 1. easily; synonyms (adv) lightly,
comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily, simply,
smoothly, swimmingly, naturally; antonyms (adv)
awkwardly, hardly, 2. readily; synonyms (adv)
easily, promptly, soon, quick, freely, gladly,
Turkish - English
quickly, cheerfully, eagerly, pronto, willingly,
commonly, openly.
kolaylamak ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort,
aggravate, worsen.
kolaylatrmak 1. facilitate; synonyms (v) assist, aid,
ease, help, expedite, alleviate, further, advance,
abet, hasten, lighten, promote, relieve, serve, (n)
favor; antonyms (v) hinder, obstruct, 2. smooth
(dz, dzgn); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level,
oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy,
3. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort,
convenience, rest, leisure, relief, repose,
satisfaction, alleviation, composure, lightness, (v)
assuage, allay, relax, appease, (adj) smooth;
antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness,
formality, (v) aggravate, worsen.
kolaylk 1. facility (olanak); synonyms (n) ability,
dexterity, adroitness, ease, readiness, artifice,
aptitude, deftness, faculty, freedom, installation,
knack, lightness, (adj) competence, proficiency, 2.
ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience,
rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v)
alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax,
(adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort,
awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 3.
convenience; synonyms (n) advantage,
contrivance, accommodation, opportunity,
appliance, fitness, occasion, utility, amenity,
benefit, easement, expediency, gadget, suitability,
usefulness; antonym (n) inconvenience.
kolaylkla easily (kolayca); synonyms (adv) lightly,
comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily, simply,
smoothly, swimmingly, naturally; antonyms (adv)
awkwardly, hardly.
kle 1. slave; synonyms (n) serf, servant, bondman,
inferior, thrall, bondsman, captive, vassal,
dependent, (v) labor, drudge, fag, toil, work, moil,
2. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, domestic, boy,
employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help,
henchman, minister, messenger, slave,
handmaiden.
kolej college; synonyms (n) faculty, school, academy,
association, institute, society, institution,
university, (adj) academic.
koleksiyon collection (toplama); synonyms (n)
accumulation, assembly, assortment, bundle,
gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation, heap,
mass, pile, variety, batch, (v) assemblage.
285
koleksiyoncu collector; synonyms (n) accumulator,

receiver, gatherer, caporal, choregus,
commissioner, flugelman, linkboy, woon,
aggregator, bearer, cashier, investor, hoarder,
magpie.
kolektr collector; synonyms (n) accumulator,
magpie.
kolesterol cholesterol; synonym (n) cholesterin.
koli 1. parcel (paket); synonyms (n) lot, bale, pack,
bundle, division, package, packet, section, batch,
plot, patch, allotment, (v) portion, distribute,
apportion, 2. package (paket); synonyms (n)
packaging, parcel, carton, container, collection, (v)
box, wrap; antonym (v) unwrap.
kollamak watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms
(v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care,
protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry,
surveillance, (adj) vigilance.
kolon 1. column (stun); synonyms (n) pillar,
tower, minaret, 2. colon; synonyms (n) bowel, (v)
period, semicolon, comma.
koloni colony; synonyms (n) settlement, community,
plantation, dependency, village, mandate,
possession, protectorate, assembly, closure,
colonisation, colonization, flock, nation, territory.
kolordu corps; synonyms (n) brigade, company,
army, battalion, detachment, regiment, troop, crew,
party, band, column, force, garrison, host, battalia.
koltuk 1. seat (yer); synonyms (n) place, bench, base,
backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position,
post, posterior, (v) locate, put, contain, hold, 2.
armchair; synonyms (n) fauteuil, elbowchair.
kolza rape; synonyms (n) assault, violation, colza,
rapine, ravishment, (v) outrage, pillage, plunder,
ravish, foray, despoil, destroy, dishonour, violate,
(adj) abuse.
kombinasyon combination; synonyms (n) alliance,
antonyms (n) separation, (adj) simple.
kombinezon slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake,
improve.
komedi 1. comedy; synonyms (n) farce, play, humor,
drollery, clowning, drama, show; antonym (n)
tragedy, 2. comic; synonyms (adj) amusing,
burlesque, comical, funny, humorous, laughable,
absurd, droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker,
buffoon, jester, zany.
286
Turkish - English
komedyen comic; synonyms (adj) amusing,
kompozitr composer; synonyms (n) author,
burlesque, comical, funny, humorous, laughable,

absurd, droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker,
buffoon, jester, zany.
komik 1. comic; synonyms (adj) amusing, burlesque,
comical, funny, humorous, laughable, absurd,
droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker,
buffoon, jester, zany, 2. funny; synonyms (adj)
eccentric, facetious, fishy, peculiar, strange,
diverting, comic, curious, entertaining, farcical,
odd, queer, suspicious, unusual, (adv) funnily;
antonyms (adj) serious, grave, 3. ridiculous;
synonyms (adj) foolish, preposterous, inane,
nonsensical, derisory, irrational, outrageous, silly,
inconsistent, grotesque, crazy, daft, extravagant,
incongruous, senseless; antonyms (adj) sensible,
inspiring, reasonable.
komiklik humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
komisyon 1. percentage; synonyms (n) part, share,
cut, lot, percent, piece, portion, proportion, ration,
interest, profit, degree, measure, poundage,
quantity, 2. committee (heyet); synonyms (n)
board, council, commission, consignee, trustee,
cabinet, bureau, staff, group, team, administration,
assembly, charge, class, commissioning, 3.
commission (kurul); synonyms (n) mission,
delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment,
committee, duty, (v) assign, accredit, designate,
appoint, authorize, delegate, empower.
komisyoncu broker; synonyms (n) mediator, agent,
go-between, factor, middleman, dealer, attorney,
intermediary, bailiff, merchant.
komite committee (heyet); synonyms (n) board,
council, commission, consignee, trustee, cabinet,
bureau, staff, group, team, administration,
assembly, charge, class, commissioning.
kompartman compartment; synonyms (n) cell,
division, cabin, cubicle, separation, bay, booth,
cubbyhole, (v) apartment, partition.
kompleks complex; synonyms (adj) composite,
complicate, abstruse, difficult, elaborate, intricate,
knotty, abstract, tricky, multifarious, complicated,
compound, convoluted, (n) obsession, combination;
antonyms (adj) simple, basic, straightforward, clear,
plain.
komplo conspiracy; synonyms (n) cabal,
confederacy, intrigue, plot, combination, complot,
collusion, coalition, design, plan, scheme.
kompozisyon composition; synonyms (n)
arrangement, constitution, construction, texture,
alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing,
compost, compound, compromise, harmony,
makeup, organization.
musician, penman, instrumentalist, artist, artiste,

calligrapher, conductor, maestro, performer,
player, singer.
kompresyon compression (sktrma); synonyms
(n) compaction, condensation, pressure,
compressing, concentration, consolidation,
contraction, squeezing, concretion.
komu neighbour; synonyms (n) neighbor, (adj)
neighboring, neighbouring.
komular neighbourhood; synonyms (n) locality,
neighborhood, vicinity.
komnikasyon communication (iletiim);

synonyms (n) announcement, commerce,
communicating, contact, conversation, discourse,
epistle, intercourse, letter, message, news, notice,
report, tidings, word.
komnist 1. communist; synonyms (adj)
communistic, carbonaro, frondeur, collective,
insurgent, intolerant, mutineer, quisling, rebel, (n)
commie, cosmopolite, terrorist, anarchist,
philanthropist, radical, 2. red (al, krmz, kzl);
synonyms (adj) crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing,
rosy, ruby, sanguine, cherry, pink, ruddy, scarlet,
cerise, bloody, inflamed, blushing.
komnizm communism; synonyms (n) collectivism,
socialism, phalansterianism, communalism,
dictatorship, (v) statism; antonym (n) capitalism.
kmr coal; synonyms (n) ember, culm, firewood, oil,
petroleum, energy, gas, (v) char, blacken, scorch,
(adj) black.
komut 1. command (kumanda); synonyms (n)
direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, (v)
charge, order, rule, call, commission, direct;
antonym (v) request, 2. instruction (talimat,
ynerge); synonyms (n) command, advice,
counsel, education, guidance, guideline,
information, injunction, prescription, teaching,
doctrine, drill, edification, lecture, schooling, 3.
order (dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek, sra);

synonyms (n) dictate, array, rank, sort, class,
condition, disposition, edict, kind, form, genus,
category, (v) arrange, ordain, conduct; antonyms (n)
disorder.
komuta command (komut, kumanda); synonyms
(n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree,
antonym (v) request.
komutan commander; synonyms (n) captain, chief,
commandant, leader, head, governor, chieftain,
conductor, master, skipper.
konak mansion; synonyms (n) house, castle, manor,
residence, home, building, hall, palace, villa, abode,
Turkish - English
place, domicile, habitation, manse; antonym (n)
hovel.
kondisyon condition; synonyms (n) circumstance,
position, provision, status, standing, attitude,
circumstances, clause, predicament, rank, state,
term, complaint, (v) aspect, provide.
kondktr conductor; synonyms (n) leader, chief,
director, chauffeur, commander, manager, pilot,
ringleader, core, (v) guard, guide; antonym (n)
insulator.
konfederasyon confederation; synonyms (n)
alliance, coalition, confederacy, association, league,
union, federation, combination, fellowship, fusion,
affiliation.
konferans 1. lecture; synonyms (n) address,
discourse, harangue, reprimand, speech, talk,
oration, censure, declaim, homily, (v) rebuke,
sermon, chide, preach, instruct, 2. conference;
synonyms (n) assembly, colloquy, meeting, council,
consultation, interview, negotiation, congress,
discussion, gathering, session, sitting, audience,
conclave, association.
konfigrasyon configuration; synonyms (n) form,
arrangement, conformation, shape, organization,
outline, composition, constellation, contour, design,
fashion, figure, formation, structure, class.
konfor comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace,
ease, consolation, relief, aid, amenity, assistance,
support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage, cheer,
alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n)
konforlu comfortable; synonyms (adj) cozy, easy,
agreeable, pleased, pleasing, prosperous, congenial,
pleasurable, rich, enjoyable, commodious, content,
contented, (v) snug, calm; antonyms (adj)
uncomfortable, poor, formal, tense, unpleasant,
intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy.
Kongre 1. congress; synonyms (n) assembly,
convention, convocation, council, conference,
intercourse, meeting, congregation, confluence,
association, gathering, synod, cockpit, coition,
coitus, 2. convention; synonyms (n) congress,
contract, custom, tradition, agreement, assemblage,
bargain, habit, practice, fashion, compact,
company, concord, bond, conventionalism, 3.
assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) collection,
cluster, conclave, concourse, construction, flock,
group, legislature, throng, aggregation.
konmak 1. light (ak, hafif, k); synonyms (adj)
(v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 2. settle;
synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay,
287
regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree,

conclude, decide, determine, (adj) confirm.
konsantrasyon concentration; synonyms (n)
absorption, concentrate, application, attention,
engrossment, intensity, compactness, strength,
thickness, aggregation, strengthening,
condensation, convergence, denseness, density;
konser concert; synonyms (n) accord, agreement,
consonance, tune, performance, recital, concord,
concordance, harmony, unison, (v) arrange,
contrive, manage.
konsey council; synonyms (n) assembly, board,
congress, consultation, convention, convocation,
diet, legislature, meeting, cabinet, conclave.
konsorsiyum consortium; synonyms (n) syndicate,
cartel, association, combination, organization, pool,
alliance, federation, league, band, collection,
collective, group, marriage, monopoly.
konsltasyon consultation; synonyms (n) advice,
conference, interview, negotiation, counsel,
discussion, talk, audience, advisement, council,
deliberation, meeting, reference, appointment.
kont count (saymak); synonyms (n) number,
calculation, computation, total, (v) calculate,
compute, tally, account, cipher, consider, estimate,
matter, reckon, weigh, add.
kontak short (bodur, ksa); synonyms (adj) brief,
kontenjan quota; synonyms (n) portion, proportion,
share, contingent, allowance, allotment, measure,
quantity, ratio, ration, slice, lot, rate, part,
percentage.
konteyner container (kap); synonyms (n) box, jar,
package, basket, carton, cylinder, envelope, pan,
pot, vessel, bin, parcel, cistern, barrel, bottle.
kontluk county; synonyms (n) region, state, area,
district, shire, mofussil, constituency, kingdom,
count, expanse.
kontrast contrast; synonyms (n) contrariety,
antithesis, comparison, distinction, difference,
variation, collation, opposite, (v) differ, conflict,
oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint;
antonym (n) similarity.
kontrat contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, (v)
covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense, narrow,
catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle,
kontrol 1. control (denetim, denetlemek);

288
Turkish - English
share, 2. check (ek, denetim, denetlemek);

synonyms (v) stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain,
bar, dampen, delay, hinder, (n) control, arrest, bill,
cheque, stay, 3. inspection (denetleme);
synonyms (n) examination, review, surveillance,
exploration, inquiry, scrutiny, search, study,
survey, investigation, observation, oversight, sight,
supervision, (v) inspect.
kontrolr controller; synonyms (n) administrator,
superintendent, accountant, comptroller, control,
director, governor, manager, regulator, ruler,
leader, boss, head, supervisor.
Kontur outline (zet); synonyms (n) sketch, design,
edge, abstract, contour, digest, figure, frame,
synopsis, (v) draft, line, form, describe, draw,
border.
konu 1. subject (zne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen,
affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question,
point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable,
exposed; antonym (adj) liberated, 2. matter
(madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, business,
concern, material, substance, incident, article, body,
import, interest, item, subject, topic, (v) case, count,
3. topic; synonyms (n) theme, text, thing, idea, 4.
text (metin); synonyms (n) copy, script, words,
document, book, textbook, argument, contents,
letterpress, manual, passage, print, schoolbook, 5.
head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain,
front, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive,
chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead, command;
antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow, 6.
heading (balk); synonyms (n) caption, bearing,
drift, head, title, course, direction, tack, name,
header, leading, line, way, aim, gallery, 7. theme
(tema); synonyms (n) base, composition, stem,
motive, paper, basis, strain, thesis, gist, melody,
piece, plot, radical, report, root.
konuk guest (misafir); synonyms (n) stranger, caller,
alien, customer, visitor, foreigner, client, visitant.
konukseverlik hospitality; synonyms (n) generosity,
friendliness, welcome, kindness, amiability,
warmth, flexibility, hospitableness, hospitage,
housekeeping, xenodochy, accommodation,
affability, companionship, comradeship; antonym
(n) unfriendliness.
Konum 1. location (yer); synonyms (n) localization,
orientation, position, berth, emplacement, fix, lieu,
locale, locating, scene, setting, attitude, bearing,
address, place, 2. position; synonyms (n) lay,
condition, employment, opinion, placement, post,
rank, set, arrangement, location, (v) grade, locate,
arrange, install, point, 3. situation; synonyms (n)
job, matter, circumstance, circumstances, office,
seat, site, aspect, case, environment, posture, spot,
state, function, disposition.
konuma 1. talk (konumak); synonyms (v) gossip,
converse, lecture, chatter, address, articulate, chat,
prattle, speak, (n) discourse, language, colloquy,

conversation, dialogue, palaver, 2. speech
(sylev); synonyms (n) delivery, expression,
sermon, diction, communication, discussion,
elocution, dialect, harangue, oration, talk, tongue,
voice, (v) say, saying, 3. conversation; synonyms
(n) conference, speech, talking, debate, chitchat,
interlocution, interview, 4. address (adres,
sylev); synonyms (n) accost, abode, residence,
skill, allocution, greeting, appeal, domicile,
dwelling, (v) greet, call, aim, apply, approach,
direct; antonym (v) ignore, 5. discourse;
synonyms (n) homily, article, dissertation,
confabulation, declaim, exposition, memoir, (v)
confer, recite, commune, preach, rap, discuss,
dissertate, orate, 6. talking; synonyms (v) mean, (n)
articulation, explanation, words, idiom, (adj) sound,
good, healthy, heavy, intelligent, legal,
levelheaded, profound, reasoned, loquacious, 7.
speaking; synonyms (adj) expressive, garrulous,
parlante, verbal, voiced, choral, lifelike, oral, (n)
exclamation, interruption, speechmaking,
vocalizations, cry, interpolation, outburst.
konumac speaker (hoparlr); synonyms (n)
loudspeaker, narrator, orator, president,
spokesman, conversationalist, chairman, talker,
utterer, principal.
konumak 1. talk (konuma); synonyms (v) gossip,
converse, lecture, chatter, address, articulate, chat,
prattle, speak, (n) discourse, language, colloquy,
conversation, dialogue, palaver, 2. speak;
synonyms (v) express, pronounce, deliver, say,
utter, recite, talk, emit, mouth, state, vocalize, voice,
mumble, declaim, read, 3. discourse; synonyms
(n) sermon, harangue, discussion, homily, tongue,
article, communication, dissertation, interview,
oration, speech, chitchat, confabulation, (v) confer,
commune.
konut 1. residence; synonyms (n) abode, dwelling,
home, house, accommodation, domicile, lodging,
occupancy, habitation, mansion, place, manse,
abidance, apartment, hall, 2. house (ev,
mesken); synonyms (n) family, firm, building,
edifice, housing, establishment, structure, ancestry,
company, address, audience, business, concern, (v)
accommodate, lodge.
konvansiyonel conventional (geleneksel);

synonyms (adj) formal, orthodox, accepted,
common, customary, everyday, conservative,
decorous, established, habitual, normal, ordinary,
routine, (v) commonplace, familiar; antonyms (adj)
unconventional, radical, relaxed, unusual, original,
rebellious, unorthodox.
konvoy convoy; synonyms (n) guard, column, fleet,
procession, safeguard, train, (v) accompany,
conduct, guide, attend, bring, lead, (adj) escort.
Turkish - English
kooperatif cooperative; synonyms (adj) combined,
joint, accommodating, concerted, helpful, obliging,
united, accommodative, communal, conjunct,
conjunctive, (n) collective, association, commune;
antonyms (adj) uncooperative, individual.
koparmak 1. tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent,
(v) break, rip, crack, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run,
rush, slit, rive, cleave, 2. pick (semek,
toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest,
opt, choose, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice,
option, selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock,
flower.
kopa hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw,
kpek dog; synonyms (n) cur, andiron, blackguard,
click, detent, cad, cock, (v) chase, hound, beset,
hunt, tail, track, trail, course.
kopmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack,
mend, (n) continuation, 2. tear; synonyms (n) rent,
hole, (v) break, rip, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run,
rush, slit, rive, cleave, dash, fly.
kpr bridge; synonyms (n) span, viaduct, pontoon,
tie, crossing, nosepiece, bluff, (v) stretch, connect,
link, traverse, cross.
kpk foam; synonyms (n) froth, spume, bubbles,
lather, (v) boil, bubble, effervesce, seethe, fizz, suds,
ferment, churn, gurgle, rage, (adj) fume.
kpksz still; synonyms (adv) however, but,
fizzy, windy, (n) noisy.
kprmek 1. foam; synonyms (n) froth, spume,
bubbles, lather, (v) boil, bubble, effervesce, seethe,
fizz, suds, ferment, churn, gurgle, rage, (adj) fume,
2. rage; synonyms (n) fury, wrath, anger, passion,
frenzy, craze, exasperation, fad, fashion, madness,
(v) bluster, storm, (adj) indignation, flame, ire.
kopya 1. copy; synonyms (n) imitation, trace,
transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate, ape,
duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake,
mimic, record; antonym (n) original, 2. image
(grnt, resim); synonyms (n) figure, picture,
fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea, impression,
resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, (v)
depict, envision.
Kopyala copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation,
trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate,
ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake,
mimic, record; antonym (n) original.
kopyalamak copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation,
trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate,
289
ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake,

kr 1. blind (kr etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless,
undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, obscure,
(n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick,
veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted, 2.
dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense, dreary,
sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal,
inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen; antonyms (adj)
bright, lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous,
glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous.
kordon 1. cord; synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tie,
twine, tape, lace, rope, thread, whipcord, yarn,
leash, fiber, cable, (v) knot, 2. string (dizi, ip,
sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, range,
cord, filament, rank, series, sequence, procession,
train, wire, (v) run, (adj) line.
korelasyon correlation; synonyms (n) association,
connection, relationship, bond, correspondence,
krfez 1. gulf; synonyms (n) abyss, chasm, bay, cove,
abysm, inlet, pit, ravine, rift, hollow, 2. bay (koy);
synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord,
sound, embayment, gulf, niche, (adj) brown, (v) yap,
roar, bellow, howl.
koridor 1. corridor; synonyms (n) aisle, hall, lobby,
hallway, lane, vestibule, artery, alley, alleyway,
path, portico, way, (v) passage, 2. hall (hol);
synonyms (n) corridor, foyer, mansion, auditorium,
anteroom, court, castle, concourse, antechamber,
atrium, dorm, dormitory, entry, house, manor, 3.
passage; synonyms (n) course, channel, gangway,
journey, entrance, duct, opening, avenue, citation,
excerpt, extract, movement, paragraph, pass, road.
korkak 1. yellow (sar); synonyms (adj) jaundiced,
amber, chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous,
craven, spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n)
coward, (adv) cowardly, 2. chicken (pili, tavuk);
synonyms (n) chick, cock, fowl, hen, crybaby,
nestling, poultry, weakling, wimp, (adj) yellow, 3.
fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, dreadful, anxious,
apprehensive, awful, terrible, timid, dire, eerie,
formidable, frightful, appalling, awesome,
alarming, dastardly; antonyms (adj) brave, calm,
rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 4. shy
(ekingen, rkek); synonyms (adj) diffident,
abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous,
reticent, self-conscious, backward, (v) fling, cast,
chuck, pitch, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash,
korkmak fear (korku); synonyms (n) apprehension,
awe, alarm, dismay, doubt, anguish, care,
consternation, foreboding, fright, trepidation,
290
Turkish - English
worry, (v) dread, concern, reverence; antonyms (n)

bravery, confidence, fearlessness, reassurance.
korkmu 1. afraid; synonyms (adj) fearful, timid, shy,
anxious, apprehensive, frightened, nervous, scared,
worried, horrified, terrified, uneasy, reluctant, (adv)
cowardly; antonyms (adj) fearless, brave, 2.
frightened; synonyms (adj) afraid, intimidated,
restless; antonyms (adj) calm, confident,
unimpressed.
korku 1. fear (korkmak); synonyms (n)
apprehension, awe, alarm, dismay, doubt, anguish,
care, consternation, foreboding, fright, trepidation,
worry, (v) dread, concern, reverence; antonyms (n)
bravery, confidence, fearlessness, reassurance, 2.
apprehension (anlay); synonyms (n)
comprehension, arrest, capture, misgiving,
agitation, conception, detention, fear, horror,
notion, premonition, (adj) anxiety; antonyms (n)
release, calmness, 3. horror; synonyms (n)
abomination, abhorrence, repulsion, revulsion,
atrocity, aversion, disgust, dreadfulness,
ghastliness, nightmare, antipathy, awfulness,
distaste, terribleness, (adj) terror; antonym (n)
pleasantness, 4. alarm (alarm); synonyms (n)
alert, affright, unrest, warning, alarum, disquiet, (v)
scare, agitate, horrify, panic, startle, appall, disturb,
frighten, perturb; antonyms (v) calm, comfort.
korkuluk barrier (engel); synonyms (n) barricade,
bar, bulwark, dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction,
hindrance, impediment, obstacle.
korkun 1. horrible; synonyms (adj) abominable,
atrocious, awful, fearful, frightful, dire, dreadful,
fearsome, formidable, ghastly, grisly, appalling,
cruel, dismal, (v) horrid; antonyms (adj) pleasant,
wonderful, lovely, nice, 2. terrible; synonyms (adj)
horrible, monstrous, hideous, alarming, bad,
direful, horrendous, horrific, horrifying, severe,
shocking, painful, awesome, desperate, great, 3.
awful; synonyms (adj) terrible, nasty, amazing,
deplorable, detestable, disgusting, dread,
gruesome, hateful, lousy, serious, sickening,
tremendous, unpleasant, (adv) beastly; antonyms
(adj) excellent, marvelous, 4. fearful; synonyms
(adj) afraid, cowardly, anxious, apprehensive,
craven, timid, eerie, dastardly, frightened,
frightening, nervous, scared, shy, timorous,
worried; antonyms (adj) brave, calm, rational, bold,
confident, unimpressed, 5. terrific; synonyms (adj)
fantastic, brilliant, enormous, fabulous,
magnificent, marvellous, splendid, super, superb,
extraordinary, grand, rattling, howling,
outstanding, remarkable, 6. appalling; synonyms
(adj) revolting, vile, unspeakable, woeful,
dismaying, outrageous, unearthly, (v) grim, terrific;
antonym (adj) admirable, 7. formidable;
synonyms (adj) arduous, difficult, forbidding,

heavy, onerous, redoubtable, stiff, tough,
herculean, rugged, hard, laborious, mighty, strong,
ambitious, 8. dreadful; synonyms (adj) disastrous,
grievous, calamitous, offensive, arrant, execrable,
foul, heinous, ill, macabre, odious, portentous,
repellent, repugnant, scandalous, 9. tragic;
synonyms (adj) sad, catastrophic, unlucky, tragical,
unfortunate, comic, heartbreaking, histrionic,
scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing, humorous.
korkutma threat; synonyms (n) menace, danger,
hazard, peril, risk, coercion, jeopardy, omen,
scourge, terror, warning; antonym (n) safety.
korkutmak 1. cow (inek); synonyms (v) bully,
intimidate, awe, browbeat, daunt, terrorize,
discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash, 2.
threaten; synonyms (v) menace, endanger, loom,
offer, imperil, jeopardize, peril, approach,
foreshadow, portend, impend, coerce, scare, augur,
(n) threat; antonym (v) help.
korna horn (boynuz); synonyms (n) hooter, cornet,
klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool,
ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v)
butt.
koro 1. choir; synonyms (n) quire, chancel, chorister,
crypt, nave, transept, vestry, ensemble, clerk,
consort, precentor, band, (v) chorus, sing, 2.
chorus; synonyms (n) refrain, acclamation, song,
tune, (v) choir, chant, (adv) descant, glee, madrigal,
catch.
krpe 1. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk,
clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold,
alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, (adv) new;
tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 2. tender; synonyms
(adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft,
sore, compassionate, delicate, fond, gentle, mild, (v)
proffer, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj)
tough, hard, hardhearted, rubbery, rough.
korsan rover; synonyms (n) nomad, wanderer,
rambler, ranger, roamer, traveler, vagabond,
vagrant, itinerant, peregrinator.
koru wood (aa, odun, tahta); synonyms (n)
forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle.
koruma 1. conservation; synonyms (n) maintenance,
preservation, upkeep, keep, custody, protection;
antonym (n) destruction, 2. protection; synonyms
(n) defense, care, conservation, cover, defence,
guardianship, security, shelter, aegis, auspices,
shield, bulwark, hedge, escort, (v) guard, 3.
preservation; synonyms (n) keeping, salvation,
saving, creation; antonyms (n) extinction, release,
4. keeping; synonyms (n) charge, holding,
observance, retention, safekeeping, trust, ward,
coloring; antonym (n) end, 5. guard (beki);
synonyms (n) defend, watchman, convoy, fender,
Turkish - English
guardsman, safeguard, vigilance, watch, fence,
attend, caution, bodyguard, conductor, custodian,
defender, 6. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge,
sanctuary, haven, home, institution, madhouse,
retreat, harbor, 7. patronage; synonyms (n)
support, backing, clientele, condescension, favor,
trade, assistance, aid, championship, countenance,
help, business, encouragement, influence, (v)
sustain, 8. shadow (glge); synonyms (n) shade,
ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition,
follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse,
follow, obscure, overshadow.
korumak 1. protect; synonyms (v) defend, keep,
cover, preserve, hide, conceal, conserve, maintain,
safeguard, save, screen, vindicate, insure, (n) guard,
ward; antonyms (v) attack, expose, neglect, risk, 2.
maintain (bakmak); synonyms (v) continue,
justify, affirm, allege, assert, aver, declare, hold,
bear, insist, support, sustain, uphold, endure, carry;
antonyms (v) deny, change, 3. shield (kalkan,
siper); synonyms (n) shelter, buffer, armor,
protection, shade, defense, security, shell, covering,
(v) secure, protect, buckler, harbor, patronize,
harbour, 4. defend; synonyms (v) advocate,
champion, shield, apologize, back, claim, excuse,
substantiate, aid, endorse, espouse, oppose,
patronage, arrest, asseverate; antonym (v)
prosecute, 5. guard (beki); synonyms (n)
bulwark, care, escort, watchman, custody, convoy,
defence, fender, guardsman, vigilance, watch,
fence, attend, caution, charge, 6. screen (ekran,
perde); synonyms (n) blind, riddle, disguise,
partition, veil, curtain, covert, drape, concealment,
divider, (v) mask, cloak, filter, obscure, sieve, 7.
save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v)
deliver, economize, rescue, free, hoard, liberate,
redeem, retain, accumulate, amass, economise,
husband, (prep) except, but, excepting; antonyms (v)
spend, squander, waste, 8. secure (gvenli);
synonyms (v) close, fix, fasten, acquire, assure,
attain, ensure, fast, gain, (adj) safe, firm, certain,
confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach,
(adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 9. cover
(rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, top, bury, wrap,
comprise, cross, (n) blanket, binding, camouflage,
cap, lid, spread, coating, canopy, case; antonyms (v)
reveal, uncover, 10. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v)
have, celebrate, confine, observe, reserve,
commemorate, check, direct, rear, restrain, store,
withhold, delay, (n) maintenance, subsistence;
antonym (v) dump, 11. shade (glge,
glgelemek, glgelendirmek); synonyms (n)
tinge, color, ghost, hue, cloud, apparition,
darkness, dye, nuance, phantom, tone, (v) darken,
shadow, tint, overshadow; antonyms (n) light,
brightness, 12. preserve; synonyms (v) cure,
pickle, perpetuate, record, (n) jam, jelly, conserves,
291
marmalade, preserves, reservation, sanctuary,

asylum, grocery; antonym (v) destroy, 13. shelter;
synonyms (n) refuge, hut, haven, lee, lodge,
burrow, safety, lodging, retreat, housing, awning,
aegis, port, privacy, (v) hovel.
korunma 1. preservation; synonyms (n)
conservation, maintenance, keeping, protection,
custody, upkeep, care, salvation, saving, security,
creation; antonyms (n) destruction, extinction,
release, 2. protection (koruma); synonyms (n)
defense, cover, defence, guardianship, shelter,
aegis, auspices, preservation, shield, bulwark,
hedge, escort, charge, lee, (v) guard.
korunmak guard (beki); synonyms (n) defend,
defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection,
watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender,
guardsman, (v) shield, keep.
korunmu protected; synonyms (v) covert,
disguised, hid, (adj) secure, immune, saved,
secured, sheltered, covered, comfortable, confined,
cosseted, dependable, good, guaranteed.
koruyucu 1. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian,
guard, defender, protector, champion, curator,
warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer,
(adj) protective, custodial, tutelary, 2. protective;
synonyms (adj) defensive, preventive, caring,
maternal, motherly, paternal, shielding, sheltering,
affectionate, tender, (adv) fatherly, (v) protecting.
koan running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing,
ke corner; synonyms (n) bend, angle, turn, coign,
dilemma, hole, niche, nook, predicament,
quandary, recess, jam, fork, plight, fix.
ksele leather (deri); synonyms (n) fur, fleece, skin,
buckskin, fell, pelt, pigskin, (v) drub, thrash, thresh,
hit.
kk villa; synonyms (n) mansion, cottage, house,
accommodation, building, bungalow, cabin, castle,
chalet, estate, farmhouse, home, igloo, lodge,
manor.
koma 1. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing,
administration, operation, run, 2. run
dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function,
go, hasten, (n) pass, campaign, drive, (adj) stream, 3.
rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, attack,
haste, (v) speed, dart, quicken, jet, accelerate, flush,
fly, hurtle, (adj) burst, spurt.
komak 1. run (altrmak); synonyms (v) flow,
rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct,
stream, 2. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood,
292
Turkish - English
attack, (v) run, speed, dart, hasten, quicken, jet,

accelerate, flush, fly, (adj) burst, spurt.
kstebek mole; synonyms (n) breakwater, jetty,
freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol, spy, blemish,
counterspy, groin, growth, (adj) mound, barrow,
hillock, (v) embankment.
kostm 1. costume (giysi); synonyms (n) attire,
clothing, apparel, clothes, dress, garb, suit, outfit,
uniform, disguise, drapery, garment, garments,
gown, (v) clothe, 2. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit,
plea, action, case, (v) agree, fit, correspond,
accommodate, adapt, answer, become, match,
meet, please, adjust.
koturmak 1. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge,
flood, flow, attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed,
dart, hasten, stream, (adj) burst, spurt, 2. run
(altrmak, komak); synonyms (v) rule, career,
conduct, direct, function, go, operate, pour,
progress, rush, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive,
range.
kou 1. run (altrmak, komak); synonyms (v)
flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct,
stream, 2. race; synonyms (n) kind, family,
competition, people, kin, nation, pedigree, birth, (v)
run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, hunt, (adj) lineage, 3.
running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing,
moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) motion,
administration, operation, performance, handling.
koucu runner; synonyms (n) courier, contrabandist,
messenger, offset, sprinter, offshoot, contestant,
smuggler, stolon, candidate, carpet, flume, ingate,
mooncurser.
kouk verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme,
poesy, stanza, strain, measure, song, clause,
paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter;
antonym (n) prose.
koul 1. condition; synonyms (n) circumstance,
position, provision, status, standing, attitude,
circumstances, clause, predicament, rank, state,
term, complaint, (v) aspect, provide, 2. provision
(hkm); synonyms (n) arrangement, condition,
proviso, stock, article, board, requirement,
stipulation, store, maintenance, planning, (v)
preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack,
3. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain,
file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament,
series, thread, tie, sequence, fiber, (v) run, (adj) line.
koullu conditional; synonyms (adj) contingent,
dependent, qualified, hypothetical, guarded, given,
provisional, provisory, subject; antonym (adj)
unconditional.
kout parallel (paralel); synonyms (adj) equivalent,
even, comparable, level, like, alike, matching, (n)
equal, analogy, likeness, analog, (v) compare,
match, duplicate, agree; antonyms (adj) conflicting,

dissimilar, (n) perpendicular, skew.
kota quota; synonyms (n) portion, proportion, share,
contingent, allowance, allotment, measure,
quantity, ratio, ration, slice, lot, rate, part,
percentage.
ktek beating; synonyms (n) reverse, beat, defeat,
thrashing, whipping, battery, battering, debacle,
drubbing, hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse,
rout, (adj) pulsing; antonym (n) victory.
kt 1. bad; synonyms (adj) evil, adverse, harmful,
immoral, naughty, poisonous, sad, sinister, wicked,
malicious, infamous, appalling, awful, damaging,
(v) decayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, pleasant, well,
well-behaved, (n) good, 2. evil (fena, ktlk);
synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, depraved,
destructive, malign, vicious, (n) damage, adversity,
detriment, disaster, depravity, malice, mischief;
antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) goodness,
righteousness, 3. poor (fakir, fena); synonyms
(adj) low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute,
piteous, pitiful, meagre, (v) meager, (n) mean;
antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate,
privileged, well-off, admirable, 4. nasty;
synonyms (adj) dirty, loathsome, disgusting, filthy,
foul, abominable, coarse, disagreeable, distasteful,
hurtful, obnoxious, raw, repulsive, unpleasant,
vile; antonyms (adj) agreeable, kind, nice,
charitable, lovely, 5. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing,
diseased, unhealthy, nauseous, disordered, (adv)
badly, poorly, sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint,
hurt, ailment, calamity; antonym (adj) healthy, 6.
miserable (sefil); synonyms (adj) poor, abject,
desolate, downcast, measly, unhappy, distressed,
lamentable, cheerless, contemptible, dejected,
depressed, despondent, (v) forlorn, wretched;
antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, generous, 7.
sinister; synonyms (adj) dark, ominous, baleful,
black, forbidding, menacing, threatening,
malevolent, grim, inauspicious, minacious,
minatory, ugly, fateful, obscure, 8. wicked;
synonyms (adj) atrocious, sinful, mischievous,
unholy, diabolical, hellish, iniquitous, nasty,
pernicious, ungodly, impious, perverse, base,
despicable, devilish; antonyms (adj) innocent,
moral, pious, pure, 9. vicious; synonyms (adj)
brutal, cruel, venomous, barbarous, savage,
spiteful, profligate, fierce, ferocious, reprobate,
heinous, dissolute, bitter, fell, furious; antonyms
(adj) gentle, friendly, 10. ugly (irkin); synonyms
(adj) frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, surly,
offensive, deformed, grotesque, horrible,
monstrous, plain, shocking, sullen, dangerous,
terrible; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, goodlooking, flowing, ornamental.
Turkish - English
ktlk 1. evil (fena, kt); synonyms (adj) bad,
righteousness, 2. harm; synonyms (n) evil, hurt,
bruise, wound, disadvantage, injury, disservice,
wrong, (v) abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison,
ravage, endamage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit,
3. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing, diseased,
unhealthy, adverse, nauseous, (adv) badly, poorly,
sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint, ailment,
mischief, calamity; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv)
well.
kova bucket; synonyms (n) tub, bucketful, container,
pail, scoop, mug, pipkin, skeel, tankard, pan, can,
grab, skip, boat, car.
kovalama 1. chase; synonyms (n) game, search,
quest, (v) hunt, pursue, expel, follow, stalk, track,
trail, chamfer, pursuit, race, seek, evict, 2. pursuit;
synonyms (n) chase, persecution, career, interest,
job, business, employment, performance,
following, occupation, pastime, aspiration,
profession, line, activity.
kovalamak 1. chase; synonyms (n) game, search,
quest, (v) hunt, pursue, expel, follow, stalk, track,
trail, chamfer, pursuit, race, seek, evict, 2. pursue;
synonyms (v) chase, dog, prosecute, course, haunt,
hound, persist, tail, conduct, practice, court, keep,
continue, engage, harass.
kovan 1. barrel; synonyms (n) drum, roll, vessel,
pot, bbl, bushel, (v) fly, 2. shell (kabuk);
synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet, case, casing, sheath,
bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v) bomb, bombard, husk,
pod, blast.
kovmak 1. sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch,
sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss,
(v) hire, 2. dismiss; synonyms (v) cashier, cast,
disband, discard, drop, bounce, cease, dispatch,
banish, disallow, discount, displace, dissolve, eject,
expel; antonym (v) employ, 3. exclude; synonyms
(v) bar, except, ban, debar, shut, eliminate, forbid,
omit, ostracize, deny, veto, disqualify, preclude,
prevent, (adj) excommunicate; antonyms (v) include,
incorporate, admit, comprise, permit, 4. boot;
synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain,
kovuturma prosecution; synonyms (n) indictment,
accusation, execution, arraignment, impeachment,
lawsuit, litigation, suit, charge, pursuance, citation,
(v) pursuit.
koy bay; synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry,
harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj)
brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl.
293
ky village; synonyms (n) hamlet, city, community,

neighborhood, settlement, kraal, (adv) town.
koyak valley (vadi); synonyms (n) ravine, dale,
gully, vale, hollow, depression, gap, gorge;
antonym (n) mount.
kyl peasant; synonyms (n) boor, farmer, churl,
bucolic, countryman, clown, hind, provincial,
rustic, barbarian.
kyller peasantry; synonyms (n) coarseness,
rusticity.
koyma placement; synonyms (n) disposition,
arrangement, emplacement, locating, location,
position, order, place, positioning.
koymak 1. put; synonyms (v) place, fix, lay, position,
set, impose, couch, locate, pose, charge, pitch,
arrange, assign, commit, (n) deposit, 2. set
(ayarlamak, grup, set, takm); synonyms (v)
put, regulate, define, adjust, congeal, (n) class, bent,
circle, lot, party, repose, (adj) fixed, fast, secure,
ready; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n)
combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 3.
place (yer); synonyms (n) domicile, office, order,
spot, attitude, base, job, location, situation,
circumstance, center, (v) post, rank, station, install;
antonym (v) remove, 4. lay; synonyms (v) lie, rest,
invest, bear, allay, bet, impute, settle, wager, (adj)
secular, calm, laic, worldly, (n) ballad, song, 5.
stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v)
adhere, stab, attach, cling, paste, staff, cohere, affix,
bind, cleave, fasten, hold, impale.
koyu 1. dark; synonyms (adj) black, dismal, cheerless,
dim, obscure, blind, blue, deep, gloomy, murky,
mysterious, (n) cloudy, darkness, evening, night;
antonyms (adj) bright, sunny, fair, clear, pale, pallid,
sunlit, (n) light, day, 2. bold; synonyms (adj)
adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant,
barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic,
intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms
(adj) cowardly, timid, modest, 3. dense (youn);
synonyms (adj) compact, thick, close, crowded,
crass, dull, heavy, impenetrable, solid, stupid,
concentrated, dumb, firm, gross, lush; antonyms
(adj) insightful, loose, clever, intelligent, readable,
simple, sparse, 4. thick (kaln); synonyms (adj)
dense, opaque, slow, stocky, familiar, fat, intimate,
muddy, obtuse, broad, populous, frequent,
chummy, coarse, (n) midst; antonyms (adj) thin,
diluted, fine, slight, transparent, 5. deep;
synonyms (adj) profound, absorbed, abstruse, dark,
rich, sound, strong, wide, esoteric, large, abysmal,
bass, cryptic, (n) brine, (v) intense; antonyms (adj)
shallow, superficial, high, high-pitched, soft, weak,
6. stiff; synonyms (adj) rigid, hard, difficult, formal,
inflexible, numb, rigorous, severe, sturdy, arduous,
austere, (adv) tight, (n) stark, cadaver, corpse;
294
Turkish - English
antonyms (adj) relaxed, flexible, floppy, supple,

free, pliable.
Koyuluk 1. darkness; synonyms (n) dark, night,
shade, shadow, blindness, duskiness, gloom, murk,
cloud, cloudiness, dimness, gloominess, iniquity,
mirk, murkiness; antonyms (n) light, brightness,
lightness, 2. consistency (tutarllk); synonyms
(n) consistence, agreement, body, coherence,
antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy, 3.
intensity (younluk); synonyms (n) force,
forcefulness, depth, volume, fierceness, emphasis,
energy, ferocity, forte, fury, glow, might, passion,
power, (adj) strength; antonyms (n) dullness,
indifference, weakness, 4. tone (ses, ton);
synonyms (n) character, note, accent, air, sound,
spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, disposition, feel,
feeling, intonation, (v) color.
koyun sheep; synonyms (n) mutton, goat, cattle,
follower, stock, antelopes, bison, bleater, camels,
chevrotains, cloud, deer, giraffes, goats, livestock.
kral king; synonyms (n) emperor, mogul, sovereign,
chief, baron, crown, magnate, ruler, tycoon,
majesty, rex, monarch, power, ace.
kralie queen; synonyms (n) empress, king, lady,
sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy,
queer, ace, ruler.
kraliyet 1. kingdom (alem); synonyms (n) country,
domain, realm, dominion, empire, state, nation,
territory, area, department, land, monarchy, reign,
2. royal; synonyms (adj) regal, imperial, majestic,
magnificent, kingly, noble, princely, purple,
sovereign, stately, grand, grandiose, great,
imposing, monarchical.
krallk 1. kingdom (alem); synonyms (n) country,
domain, realm, dominion, empire, state, nation,
territory, area, department, land, monarchy, reign,
2. realm; synonyms (n) kingdom, field, region,
arena, ground, commonwealth, province, demesne,
district, orbit, range, sphere, principality, soil,
world.
kravat tie (balamak); synonyms (n) band,
connection, draw, lace, association, relationship,
sleeper, (v) link, bond, attach, bind, join, knot,
connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie,
undo.
kreasyon creation; synonyms (n) cosmos, production,
world, composition, invention, conception,
construction, creature, fabrication, formation,
foundation, founding, piece, product, universe;
antonyms (n) destruction, end.
kredi credit; synonyms (n) credence, appreciation,
belief, commendation, recognition, reputation,
advance, account, acknowledgment, confidence, (v)
believe, accredit, ascribe, assign, attribute;

antonyms (n) cash, (v) debit, discredit.
krem cream (kaymak, krema); synonyms (n) pick,
ream.
krema cream (kaymak); synonyms (n) pick,
ream.
kre nursery; synonyms (n) kindergarten,
greenhouse, cradle, seminary, nest, glasshouse,
puberty, pucelage, pupilage, reformatory,
schoolroom, womb, childhood, playgroup,
seminarist.
kriket cricket; synonyms (n) tennis, (adj) equitable.
kriko jack; synonyms (n) knave, flag, jackass, mariner,
ace, burgee, jackfruit.
kristal crystal; synonyms (n) glass, quartz, gem, (adj)
clear, bright, pebble, translucent, crag, rock, stone.
kriter 1. criterion (lt); synonyms (n) benchmark,
measure, norm, test, canon, mark, criterium, gauge,
pattern, principle, proof, rule, touchstone, 2.
canon; synonyms (n) doctrine, law, regulation,
code, criterion, formula, statute, creed, prebendary.
kritik 1. critical; synonyms (adj) acute, decisive,
delicate, important, pressing, severe, ticklish,
urgent, vital, crucial, dangerous, fastidious, grave,
imperative, (v) censorious; antonyms (adj)
complimentary, trivial, positive, flattering,
insignificant, approving, unimportant, 2. crucial
(ok nemli); synonyms (adj) critical, essential,
deciding, fundamental, indispensable, key, main,
major, momentous, weighty, basic, central, (v)
categorical, cross, cruciform.
kriz 1. crisis (buhran, bunalm); synonyms (n)
predicament, 2. attack (hcum, hcum etmek,
saldrmak); synonyms (n) incursion, thrust,
aggression, fit, onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault,
assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid,
accuse; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect,
retreat, 3. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree,
unfit, inappropriate, unwell, 4. spell; synonyms (n)
magic, fascination, bout, conjuration, incantation,
period, sorcery, enchantment, turn, span,
bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, (v) charm.
kroki 1. sketch (ske, taslak); synonyms (n) plan,
drawing, outline, scheme, cartoon, project, (v)
design, paint, draft, draw, picture, chart, delineate,
depict, describe, 2. plan (proje); synonyms (n)
aim, map, figure, intent, pattern, invent, form,
Turkish - English
arrangement, blueprint, (v) devise, intend, plot,
arrange, conceive, contrive.
kronik chronic; synonyms (adj) confirmed, habitual,
inveterate, constant, accustomed, continuous,
frequent, persistent, prolonged, regular, repeated,
usual, (v) permanent; antonym (adj) temporary.
kuantum quantum; synonyms (n) amount, measure,
magnitude, quantity, mass, measurement, sum,
total, amplitude.
kubbe 1. dome; synonyms (n) cupola, arch, roof,
cover, bean, noggin, arena, (adj) campanile, column,
2. canopy; synonyms (n) awning, screen, shade,
ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor.
kucak lap; synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee,
orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle,
encompass, embrace, enclose, beset.
kck tiny; synonyms (adj) little, minute,
diminutive, infinitesimal, midget, petite, petty,
puny, slight, teeny, exiguous, baby, insignificant,
(phr) minuscule, small; antonyms (adj) enormous,
huge, gigantic, vast, large.
kk 1. small; synonyms (adj) little, minute, narrow,
fine, inadequate, insignificant, low, minor, petty,
slight, light, remote, cramped, young, limited;
antonyms (adj) bulky, colossal, considerable,
enormous, extra-large, great, huge, sizeable, giant,
major, (syn) big, large, 2. minor (nemsiz);
synonyms (adj) inferior, junior, lesser, lower, small,
inconsequential, less, marginal, negligible,
secondary, subordinate, trivial, unimportant, (n)
child, juvenile; antonyms (adj) important,
significant, basic, chief, fundamental, leading,
main, overriding, superseding, serious, extensive,
greater, senior, 3. little (az); synonyms (adj)
diminutive, brief, short, some, tiny, exiguous, baby,
bantam, contemptible, fiddling, humble,
inconsiderable, miniature, (v) dash, bit, 4. petty;
synonyms (adj) frivolous, paltry, mean, puny,
measly, footling, niggling, piddling, trifling,
insular, commonplace, picayune, piffling, shallow,
stingy, 5. kid; synonyms (n) youngster, infant,
toddler, tot, babe, teenager, brat, (v) joke, jest,
banter, chaff, mock, fool, jolly, dupe, 6. miniature
(minyatr); synonyms (adj) model, wee, midget,
dwarf, teeny, infinitesimal, petite, (n) toy, copy,
illumination; antonyms (adj) full-scale, full-size, 7.
slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile,
delicate, faint, feeble, (n) scorn, disdain, (v)
disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut;
antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe,
thickset, wide, 8. young (gen, yavru);
synonyms (adj) green, immature, adolescent, fresh,
new, raw, boyish, callow, childish, early, tender,
unripe, youthful, (n) offspring, progeny; antonyms
(adj) old, mature, adult, (n) aged.
klme decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n)
295

klmek decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n)
kltme reduction; synonyms (n) contraction,
rise.
kltmek reduce; synonyms (v) lower, pare,
abbreviate, curtail, cut, debase, abate, condense,
contract, diminish, shorten, concentrate, compress,
(adj) abridge, lessen; antonyms (v) increase, bolster,
expand, enlarge, exacerbate, intensify.
kmseme contempt; synonyms (n) disdain, scorn,
derision, disrespect, disregard, mockery, ridicule,
shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy, disrepute,
arrogance, defiance, disgrace; antonyms (n) respect,
approval.
kmsemek slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender,
thin, fragile, delicate, faint, (n) scorn, disdain, (v)
kudret 1. force (g, kuvvet, zorlamak);

synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect,
enforce, impetus, (v) drive, coerce, pressure,
squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj)
constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 2.
might; synonyms (v) can, could, main, (n) force,
power, ability, influence, brawn, intensity,
puissance, vehemence, authority, capability,
efficacy, command, 3. power (g, iktidar);
synonyms (n) potency, control, domination,
effectiveness, aptitude, gift, jurisdiction,
mightiness, rule, vigor, weight, (v) might,
dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n)
powerlessness, helplessness.
kudretli mighty; synonyms (adj) enormous, immense,
huge, grand, powerful, intense, high, big, forcible,
great, large, strong, mammoth, cogent, formidable.
kudurmu mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied,
anger; antonyms (adj) sane, calm, sensible.
kuduz mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied,
anger; antonyms (adj) sane, calm, sensible.
296
Turkish - English
kf mould; synonyms (n) mildew, cast, form,

molding, moulding, stamp, modeling, casting, (v)
mold, make, model, frame, fashion, forge, knead.
kfe basket (sepet); synonyms (n) basketful, bassinet,
cradle, gondola, case, coffin, handbasket, hoop,
leap, ped, pottle, stomach, whisket, bound,
corbeille.
kfr 1. oath (yemin); synonyms (n) curse,
expletive, malediction, affidavit, cuss, pledge,
promise, swearing, assurance, adjuration,
asseveration, blasphemy, agreement, sacrament,
swearword, 2. abuse (ktye kullanmak);
synonyms (n) affront, misuse, harm, outrage,
reproach, invective, (v) insult, mistreat, injure,
assault, censure, damage, exploit, hurt, (adj)
maltreat; antonyms (v) praise, respect.
kuu swan; synonyms (n) cygnet, aberdevine, cushat,
ringdove, (v) ramble, roam, rove, wander, affirm,
assert, aver, avow, cast, drift, range.
kkreme roar; synonyms (n) boom, thunder, shout,
kkremek roar; synonyms (n) boom, thunder, shout,
kukuleta hood; synonyms (n) cap, bonnet, cowl,
cover, hat, coif, headdress, hoodlum, thug,
malefactor, gangster, helmet, hooligan, punk,
cowling.
kkrt sulphur; synonyms (n) s, mho, quebrith, sec,
second, siemens, south, (v) brimstone, sulfur.
kul 1. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, domestic,
boy, employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help,
slave, drudge, 2. slave (kle); synonyms (n) serf,
servant, bondman, inferior, thrall, bondsman,
captive, (v) labor, fag, toil, work, moil, sweat, 3.
subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
citizen, affair, issue, motif, question, point, area,
content, discipline, field, national, (adj) liable,
exposed, prone; antonym (adj) liberated.
kl ash; synonyms (n) jasmine, lilac, privet, spark, (v)
cinder, scoriae, soot, (adj) gray.
kulak ear; synonyms (n) auricle, handle, hearing, lug,
spike, capitulum, heed, earing, notice, crown,
pinna, appreciation, discrimination, favor, (v)
cultivate.
kule tower (bur); synonyms (n) column, castle,
pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise,
loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, (adj)
pillar.
klfet 1. tax (vergi); synonyms (n) charge, duty,
burden, excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess,
task, accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain, 2. task
(grev); synonyms (n) job, assignment,
commission, enterprise, labor, project, stint,
occupation, activity, business, chore, function,

mission, (v) tax, exercise.
klhanbeyi rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse,
kullanc user; synonyms (n) consumer, buyer,
exploiter, addict, customer, freeloader, idler,
moocher, occupant, patron, scrounger, shopper,
slacker, stealer, (v) take; antonym (n) dealer.
kullanlabilir available; synonyms (adj) accessible,
free, possible, attainable, convenient, handy,
obtainable, open, ready, uncommitted, usable,
vacant, valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable;
antonyms (adj) unavailable, occupied, suppressed,
concealed, engaged.
kullanlm used; synonyms (adj) secondhand,
exploited, accustomed, decrepit, depleted,
exhausted, faded, habituated, hand-me-down,
spent, threadbare, tried, victimised, victimized,
wont; antonyms (adj) pristine, new, spanking,
unused.
kullanm 1. usage; synonyms (n) habit, practice,
employment, method, convention, consuetude,
exercise, treatment, usance, wont, ritual, system, (v)
use, application, (adj) custom, 2. disposal;
synonyms (n) disposition, administration,
distribution, organization, sale, alienation,
classification, adjustment, arrangement, control,
direction, dispensation, order, adhibition, 3. use
(kullanma, kullanmak); synonyms (n) benefit,
function, (v) employ, expend, profit, advantage,
exploit, occupy, operate, spend, exert, need, enjoy,
(adj) usage, service; antonym (v) conserve.
kullanmda busy (megul); synonyms (adj) active,
brisk, assiduous, engaged, occupied, agile,
crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious, live,
diligent, earnest, (v) occupy, employ; antonyms (adj)
idle, free, inactive.
kullanl 1. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available,
fixed, 2. convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable,
handy, advantageous, appropriate, expedient, fit,
nearby, opportune, timely, useful, snug,
auspicious, becoming, close, (n) favorable;
antonyms (adj) inconvenient, unwieldy, 3.
available; synonyms (adj) free, possible, attainable,
obtainable, open, uncommitted, usable, vacant,
valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj)
engaged, 4. practical; synonyms (adj) operative,
practicable, efficient, feasible, pragmatic, realistic,
helpful, active, positive, sensible, workable,
Turkish - English
working, constructive, hardheaded, businesslike;
antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic,
impossible, 5. useful; synonyms (adj) profitable,
beneficial, practical, effective, valuable, gainful,
serviceable, suitable, important, lucrative,
instrumental, proper, propitious, sound,
worthwhile; antonyms (adj) worthless, ineffective.
kullanllk usefulness; synonyms (n) use, service,
utility, benefit, convenience, practicality, avail,
effectiveness, efficacy, value, advantage, good,
handiness, (adj) worth, merit; antonym (n)
uselessness.
kullansz 1. awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy,
dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple, 2. useless;
synonyms (adj) futile, pointless, unnecessary,
needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless, worthless,
idle, barren, superfluous, bootless, incompetent,
ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj) useful,
competent, effective, necessary, valuable.
kullanma 1. use (kullanmak); synonyms (n) custom,
practice, benefit, habit, application, function, (v)
advantage, exploit, occupy, (adj) usage; antonym (v)
conserve, 2. exercise (altrma); synonyms (n)
discipline, play, movement, action, activity,
example, operation, rehearsal, (v) drill, apply, use,
exert, train, educate, do, 3. wear; synonyms (v)
dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray,
frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb,
erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh.
kullanmak 1. use (kullanma); synonyms (n) custom,
practice, benefit, habit, application, function, (v)
advantage, exploit, occupy, (adj) usage; antonym (v)
conserve, 2. employ; synonyms (v) apply, use,
consume, engage, hire, wield, busy, exert, ply,
retain, spend, take, utilize, work, (n) service;
antonyms (v) fire, dismiss, 3. handle (kulp, sap);
synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, control,
deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch,
treat, govern, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 4. apply
(Uygula, uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate,
devote, ask, resort, lay, appeal, address, consecrate,
daub, enforce, harness, hold, implement, refer, (n)
give, 5. drive (srmek); synonyms (n) ride, force,
campaign, crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v)
push, actuate, chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat,
carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia, 6. exploit;
synonyms (v) act, abuse, prey, capitalize, develop,
misuse, (n) deed, achievement, feat,
accomplishment, action, adventure, effort,
performance, doing.
297
klliyat corpus; synonyms (n) body, substance,

material, matter, principal, stuff, pabulum, core,
element, hyle, mass, parenchyma, principle,
quantity, substratum.
kulp 1. handle (sap); synonyms (v) administer,
conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger,
manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch,
grasp, 2. grip (kavramak, yakalamak);
synonyms (n) clasp, handle, bag, clench, clinch,
clutches, (v) hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace,
fascinate, grab, grapple, gripe; antonyms (v) bore,
release, 3. holder; synonyms (n) bearer, case,
possessor, stand, container, proprietor, rack, tenant,
carrier, bracket, occupant, owner, support, vessel.
klrengi grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull,
greyness, (v) gray.
kltr culture; synonyms (n) civilization, breeding,
cultivation, acculturation, education, learning,
tillage, erudition, courtesy, enlightenment, farming,
instruction, refinement, agriculture, civilisation.
kltrel cultural; synonyms (adj) ethnic, educational,
enriching, racial, adorning, advancing, artistic,
beautifying, beneficial, broadening, civilizing,
constructive, corrective, developmental, dignifying.
kltrl sophisticated; synonyms (adj) complicated,
refined, complex, cultured, experienced, urbane,
involved, intricate, advanced, polished, suave,
cosmopolitan, knowledgeable, cultivated,
elaborate; antonyms (adj) naive, unsophisticated,
coarse, inexperienced, insular, simple.
kulbe 1. hut; synonyms (n) cabin, cot, booth, hovel,
cottage, hutch, lodge, shanty, shed, shack, shelter,
stall, 2. cottage; synonyms (n) bungalow, crib, hut,
villa, chalet, house, 3. cabin; synonyms (n)
chamber, room, apartment, 4. shed; synonyms (v)
cast, discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt,
dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, radiate, remove,
slough, spill.
kulp club (sinek); synonyms (n) association, bat,
circle, society, stick, baton, company, cudgel,
fraternity, gang, group, guild, (v) beat, bludgeon,
hit.
kulvar lane; synonyms (n) course, alley, road, aisle,
avenue, passage, path, track, way, line, artery,
passageway, pathway, route, street.
kum sand; synonyms (n) grit, guts, dust, beach, coast,
seaside, backbone, dirt, gumption, shore, (v)
sandpaper, rub, smooth, (adj) powder.
kumanda 1. command (komut); synonyms (n)
antonym (v) request, 2. control (denetim,
denetlemek, kontrol); synonyms (n) care, hold,
influence, sway, ascendency, dominance,
regulation, (v) command, check, curb, bridle,
298
Turkish - English
conduct, handle, conquer, contain; antonyms (n)

freedom, weakness, (v) intensify, share.
kumandan commander; synonyms (n) captain, chief,
commandant, leader, head, governor, chieftain,
conductor, master, skipper.
kuma 1. cloth; synonyms (n) fabric, material, cover,
rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 2.
material (malzeme); synonyms (n) body, cloth,
matter, substance, information, (adj) bodily,
important, physical, real, essential, momentous, 3.
fabric; synonyms (n) building, composition, frame,
construction, framework, fiber, performance,
anatomy, organization, production, texture, work,
(v) edifice, structure.
kme 1. group (grup); synonyms (n) bunch, brigade,
collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump,
company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class, cluster,
rank, sort, 2. cluster; synonyms (n) batch, group,
agglomeration, knot, lot, tuft, party, assembly,
band, clustering, (v) bundle, huddle, collect, gather,
assemble; antonym (v) disperse, 3. aggregate
(toplam); synonyms (adj) sum, aggregative, all,
collective, (n) total, agglomerate, whole, complex,
pile, combination, compound, conglomeration,
gross, (v) accumulate, amount; antonyms (n)
individual, part, 4. bank (banka); synonyms (n)
dam, coast, slope, store, limit, stack, bluff, heap,
hill, riverside, (v) embankment, gradient, deposit,
mound, rely; antonym (v) withdraw, 5. mass
(yn); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, lump,
body, multitude, throng, volume, wad, (v)
congregate, load, swarm, 6. pile (hav, ty);
synonyms (n) mass, congeries, hoard, jam, nap,
fortune, edifice, down, fur, mint, mountain, spile,
(v) pack, amass, mob, 7. lump; synonyms (n)
chunk, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, fragment,
knob, lummox, piece, nub, intumescence, pimple,
(v) clot, (adj) lout, 8. heap; synonyms (n)
aggregation, cumulus, deal, peck, plenty, pot, raft,
sight, slew, stockpile, bus, jalopy, (v) bank, arrange,
fill, 9. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm);
regulate, define, adjust, congeal, (n) bent, circle, (adj)
liquid.
kmelemek aggregate (toplam); synonyms (adj)
sum, aggregative, all, collective, (n) total,
agglomerate, whole, complex, pile, combination,
compound, (v) accumulate, cluster, amount, collect;
antonyms (n) individual, part.
kmes pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage,
inclose.
kumlu sandy; synonyms (adj) gritty, light, granular,

arenaceous, sabulous, dusty, farinaceous, loose,
mealy, powdery, branny, creamy, flaxen,
flocculent, floury.
kumpas stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar, club,
(v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff,
kumsal beach (plaj); synonyms (n) bank, coast,
foreshore, shore, strand, coastline, land, seashore,
shoreline.
kupa 1. cup; synonyms (n) chalice, basin, trophy,
destiny, fate, bowl, cupful, glass, portion, bleed, 2.
heart (kalp, yrek); synonyms (n) core, center,
spirit, affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux,
antonym (n) edge, 3. plate (tabak); synonyms (n)
dish, leaf, home, engraving, disc, armor, base,
board, denture, plaque, plateful, (v) gild, sheet,
cover, coat.
kupon coupon; synonyms (n) voucher, certificate,
order, ticket, debenture, dividend, draft, warrant,
advertisement, coin, verifier.
kupr cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting, keen,
acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid,
antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) extension, freedom.
kur rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace,
value, percentage, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate,
appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate,
merit, put.
kr cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote, medicine,
salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy, (v) correct,
help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve, restore.
kurak dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid,
barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse,
jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain,
uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp,
moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy,
sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent,
(v) drench.
kural 1. rule; synonyms (n) govern, order, decree,
dominion, law, ordinance, principle, regulate,
reign, authority, dictate, (v) command, control,
influence, direct, 2. statute (yasa); synonyms (n)
rule, constitution, charter, act, canon, edict,
enactment, regulation, code, ruling, bill, pandect,
proclamation, 3. law (hukuk, kanun, yasa);
synonyms (n) jurisprudence, justice, police, axiom,
directive, liberty, measure, prescription, tenet,
constabulary, government, 4. order (dzen,
disposition, injunction, instruction, kind, form, (v)
commission, arrange, call, ordain; antonyms (n)
disorder, request, 5. code (kod, kodlamak);
synonyms (n) cipher, key, codex, (v) cypher, encode,
Turkish - English
encipher, encrypt, 6. convention (kongre);
synonyms (n) conference, congress, meeting,
contract, assembly, convocation, council, custom,
tradition, agreement, assemblage, bargain,
gathering, habit, practice.
kuralsz irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical,
kuram 1. theory (teori); synonyms (n) supposition,
assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis,
speculation, idea, opinion, surmise, belief,
presumption, thought, concept, postulation,
postulate; antonym (n) fact, 2. hypothesis;
synonyms (n) theory, condition, presupposition,
proposal, view, conception, guesswork, model,
possibility.
kuramsal 1. theoretical (teorik); synonyms (adj)
hypothetical, abstract, speculative, theoretic, ideal,
academic, conjectural, impractical; antonyms (adj)
practical, concrete, real, scientific, 2. academic;
synonyms (adj) theoretical, learned, pedantic,
scholarly, studious, bookish, didactic, educational,
erudite, (n) intellectual, academician, scholar,
professor, (v) scholastic; antonym (n) realist, 3.
speculative (speklatif); synonyms (adj) risky,
inquisitive, notional, reflective, chancy, insecure,
visionary, tentative, bad, imaginary, (v)
contemplative, meditative, pensive, thoughtful,
museful.
kurbaa frog; synonyms (n) frogs, toad, aigulet,
anuran, batrachian, chamois, epaulet, grasshopper,
abutment, dollar, freshman, goat, salientian,
toadfrog, slade.
kurban 1. victim; synonyms (n) prey, quarry, object,
sufferer, dupe, butt, gull, mug, sucker, target, cull,
cully, fool, game, gobemouche, 2. offering;
synonyms (v) gift, grant, favor, benefaction, boon,
(n) contribution, donation, oblation, offer, present,
presentation, endowment, bestowal, gratuity,
reward, 3. sacrifice; synonyms (n) immolation,
loss, forfeiture, cost, scapegoat, (v) offering, forfeit,
immolate, give, lose, relinquish, propose,
contribute, victimize, devote.
krdan pick (semek, toplamak); synonyms (v)
clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, (n) alternative,
elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream,
select, mattock, flower.
kurdela ribbon; synonyms (n) band, riband, shred,
strip, tape, decoration, medal, ribband, belt, fascia,
thread, palm, fillet, string, stripe.
kurdele ribbon; synonyms (n) band, riband, shred,
strip, tape, decoration, medal, ribband, belt, fascia,
thread, palm, fillet, string, stripe.
299
kre sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area,

domain, province, realm, ball, circle, department,
globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field.
kresel global; synonyms (adj) general, international,
overall, cosmopolitan, universal, worldwide,
comprehensive, earthly, ecumenical, total, globose,
globular, inclusive, orbicular, planetary; antonyms
(adj) local, national.
kurgu 1. fiction (uydurma); synonyms (n)
fabrication, fable, falsehood, invention, lie, story,
falsity, figment, novel, romance, sham, deceit, fib,
forgery, legend; antonym (n) truth, 2.
speculation; synonyms (n) hypothesis, guess,
reflection, venture, guesswork, meditation, gamble,
adventure, conjecture, supposition, surmise,
theory, risk, cogitation, assumption.
kurgusal speculative (speklatif); synonyms (adj)
risky, theoretical, academic, hypothetical,
inquisitive, notional, reflective, chancy, conjectural,
insecure, visionary, tentative, (v) contemplative,
meditative, pensive.
krk fur; synonyms (n) coat, down, pelt, skin, fell,
hair, fleece, feathers, fuzz, hide, (v) blanket, flannel,
(adj) pile, wool, floss.
kurma 1. institution; synonyms (n) creation,
establishment, institute, formation, asylum,
founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation,
organization, tradition, induction, practice, college,
2. installation; synonyms (n) facility,
inauguration, installment, investiture, plant,
appointment, installing, introduction, settlement,
3. establishment; synonyms (n) business,
company, constitution, institution, concern,
enactment, administration, colonization, dwelling,
footing, management, construction, enterprise,
government, installation; antonyms (n) elimination,
end, 4. foundation (temel); synonyms (n) base,
basis, bottom, foot, principle, cause, cornerstone,
fundamental, origin, support, nucleus, beginning,
fundament, ground, grounds; antonym (n) top, 5.
wind (Rzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust,
(v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve,
twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave.
kurmak 1. build; synonyms (v) make, erect, establish,
raise, rise, base, construct, create, fabricate, fashion,
(n) form, shape, frame, construction, figure;
antonyms (v) demolish, destroy, 2. install;
synonyms (v) fix, inaugurate, appoint, crown,
induct, instal, invest, lodge, place, plant, post, put,
quarter, seat, set; antonym (v) overthrow, 3.
found; synonyms (v) build, constitute, ground,
institute, bottom, begin, cast, start, imbed,
introduce, arrange, father, launch, originate,
predicate; antonym (adj) misplaced, 4. establish;
synonyms (v) confirm, prove, demonstrate, settle,
ascertain, determine, found, certify, compose,
corroborate, decide, enact, show, state, define;
300
Turkish - English
antonyms (v) disprove, abolish, terminate, 5.

institute; synonyms (n) academy, association,
establishment, foundation, institution,
organization, society, guild, club, (v) bring, initiate,
ordain, install, broach, decree, 6. set (ayarlamak,
grup, set, takm); synonyms (v) lay, locate,
position, regulate, adjust, congeal, (n) class, bent,
circle, lot, party, (adj) fixed, fast, secure, ready;
comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 7.
construct; synonyms (v) manufacture, produce,
rear, assemble, compile, fabric, organize, cause,
contrive, craft, design, devise, (n) concept,
conception, notion, 8. frame (ereve); synonyms
(n) border, anatomy, chassis, formation, stand,
body, box, case, coin, framework, (v) draft, forge,
couch, do, entrap, 9. form (biim, form);
synonyms (n) ceremony, conformation, appearance,
manner, mould, type, custom, character, aspect, (v)
carve, comprise, generate, mold, acquire, array, 10.
constitute; synonyms (v) commission, be, name,
nominate, designate, configure, consist, represent,
attain, 11. start (balamak, balang,
balatmak); synonyms (v) commence, drive,
embark, spring, activate, arise, enter, flinch, (n)
jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning,
commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish,
stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion.
kurmay staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, club, post,
employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton,
brace, stave, court, (v) crutch, prop, stick.
kurnaz 1. smart (akgz); synonyms (adj) bright,
unkempt, slow, 2. knowing; synonyms (v) canny,
wise, (adj) aware, conscious, conversant, ingenious,
smart, understanding, erudite, experienced,
cognizant, foxy, deliberate, intentional, (n) cunning.
kursak crop (rn); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest,
krs chair (sandalye); synonyms (n) chairman,
bench, chairperson, president, throne, couch,
chairwoman, professorship, shop, (v) moderate,
conduct, lead.
kurun 1. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct,
antonym (v) follow, 2. bullet (mermi); synonyms
(n) shot, round, missile, pellet, projectile, slug,
carcass, grenade, stone, ammunition, arrow, (adj)
globule, spherule, bulb, drop.
kurunkalem pencil; synonyms (n) pen, beam,
clump, cluster, gleam, group, light, (v) brush, draw,
design, paint.
krtaj abortion; synonyms (n) miscarriage, failure,

fiasco, abortive, aborsement, castling, freak,
termination, aborting, blunder, disappointment,
incompletion, misadventure.
kurtarc saving; synonyms (n) economy,
conservation, preservation, rescue, cut, deliverance,
delivery, (adj) economical, frugal, thrifty, save,
chary, except, excepting, sparing; antonym (n)
extravagance.
kurtarlma salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption,
delivery, rescue, justification, preservation, savior,
(adj) conversion, adoption, beatification,
regeneration; antonym (n) downfall.
kurtarma 1. rescue; synonyms (n) deliverance,
release, delivery, salvage, relieve, liberation, (v)
deliver, extricate, ransom, free, recover, redeem,
save, help, liberate; antonyms (n) involvement, loss,
(v) abandon, 2. recovery (iyileme); synonyms
(n) rally, convalescence, improvement, reclamation,
rescue, resurrection, retrieval, cure, healing,
recuperation, restoration, revival, yield,
regeneration, collection; antonyms (n) decline,
return, 3. liberation; synonyms (n) emancipation,
freedom, dismissal, freeing, relief, salvation,
enfranchisement, escape, liberty, emission, firing,
(v) discharge, acquittal, dismission, acquittance, 4.
saving; synonyms (n) economy, conservation,
preservation, cut, thrift, frugality, (adj) economical,
frugal, thrifty, chary, except, excepting, sparing,
careful, parsimonious; antonym (n) extravagance,
5. salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption,
justification, savior, (adj) conversion, adoption,
beatification; antonym (n) downfall, 6.
redemption; synonyms (n) atonement, expiation,
observance, recompense, reparation, satisfaction, 7.
relief; synonyms (n) comfort, consolation, ease,
relaxation, respite, solace, abatement, alleviation,
encouragement, redress, rest, amends,
assuagement, (v) assistance, assist.
kurtarmak 1. save (saklamak); synonyms (v)
squander, waste, 2. deliver; synonyms (v) consign,
bear, carry, save, abandon, bring, pronounce,
render, return, send, utter, drop, acquit, remit,
announce, 3. rescue (kurtarma); synonyms (n)
deliverance, release, delivery, salvage, relieve,
liberation, salvation, extrication, redemption, (v)
extricate, ransom, recover, help, emancipate,
recapture; antonyms (n) involvement, loss, 4.
recover; synonyms (v) reclaim, recuperate, regain,
retrieve, convalesce, find, heal, mend, rally, restore,
improve, obtain, recall, recoup, repair; antonyms
(v) deteriorate, lose, 5. free (ak, bedava, bo,
zgr, serbest, serbest brakmak); synonyms
Turkish - English
(adj) loose, frank, liberal, open, broad, empty,
bountiful, (v) clear, exempt, discharge, excuse,
disentangle, disengage, ease, voluntary; antonyms

(adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined,
imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck,
tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 6.
help (imdat, yardm, yardm etmek);

synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor,
alleviate, contribute, forward, (n) assistance, benefit,
support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement;
antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance,
detriment, 7. relieve; synonyms (v) assuage,
comfort, allay, mitigate, calm, console,
disembarrass, mollify, palliate, remedy, dispense,
(n) redress, pacify, (adj) absolve, relax; antonym (v)
burden.
kurtulu 1. release (serbest brakmak); synonyms
(n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, (v)
deliver, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage;
imprison, arrest, catch, 2. escape (kamak);
synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade,
run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak,
avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonym (v) return, 3.
liberation; synonyms (n) release, emancipation,
freedom, deliverance, dismissal, rescue, delivery,
freeing, relief, salvation, enfranchisement, escape,
(v) acquittal, dismission, acquittance, 4. salvation;
synonyms (n) aid, redemption, justification, savior,
regeneration; antonym (n) downfall.
kuru dry; synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring,
dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v)
dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting,
sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist,
saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden,
interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v)
drench.
kurucu 1. founder; synonyms (n) laminitis, patriarch,
author, beginner, creator, father, inventor,
originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop, collapse,
crumple, break, 2. promoter; synonyms (n)
backer, advocate, booster, sponsor, patron,
forwarder, friend, proponent, showman, supporter,
champion, impresario, plugger, (v) artist, projector.
kurul 1. commission; synonyms (n) board, mission,
delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment,
charge, committee, (v) assign, accredit, designate,
appoint, authorize, delegate, 2. committee
(heyet); synonyms (n) council, commission,
consignee, trustee, cabinet, bureau, staff, group,
team, administration, assembly, class,
commissioning, committal, conclave, 3. council;
synonyms (n) congress, consultation, convention,
convocation, diet, legislature, meeting, 4. board
301
(tahta); synonyms (n) bench, meal, panel, table,

office, sign, court, embark, plank, agency, card,
cardboard, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym
(v) disembark.
kurulu 1. enterprise; synonyms (n) business,
company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure,
energy, courage, effort, endeavour, firm, initiative,
spirit, venture, corporation, 2. institution;
synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute,
formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom,
foundation, initiation, organization, tradition,
induction, practice, college, 3. institute; synonyms
(n) association, (v) establish, found, build,
constitute, appoint, form, fix, begin, bring, create,
erect, initiate, base, (adj) enact, 4. installation;
synonyms (n) facility, inauguration, installment,
investiture, plant, appointment, installing,
introduction, settlement, 5. establishment;
synonyms (n) constitution, institution, enactment,
administration, colonization, dwelling, footing,
management, construction, enterprise, government,
installation, order, organisation, proof; antonyms
(n) elimination, end.
kurum 1. institution; synonyms (n) creation,
organization, tradition, induction, practice, college,
2. association (dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation,
alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, company,
fellowship, link, partnership, society, syndicate,
congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage, 3.
institute; synonyms (n) association, (v) establish,
found, build, constitute, appoint, form, fix, begin,
bring, create, erect, initiate, base, (adj) enact, 4.
corporation; synonyms (n) belly, business,
concern, body, corp, firm, club, agency, group,
incorporation, municipality, potbelly,
conglomerate, 5. establishment; synonyms (n)
constitution, institution, enactment, settlement,
introduction, administration, colonization,
dwelling, footing, management, construction,
enterprise, government, inauguration, installation;
antonyms (n) elimination, end, 6. society;
synonyms (n) public, community, companionship,
corporation, fraternity, circle, people,
commonwealth, guild, order, brotherhood, folk,
friendship, gild, league.
kurumak dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid,
(v) drench.
kurumu dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid,
302
Turkish - English

(v) drench.
kuruntu 1. imagination (hayal gc, imgelem);

synonyms (n) fantasy, fancy, vision, dream, conceit,
imagery, invention, originality, caprice, conception,
idea, imaginativeness, inventiveness, notion,
reflection; antonym (n) reality, 2. vision (grme);
synonyms (n) sight, view, daydream, imagination,
outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, apparition,
hallucination, image, phantom, prospect, illusion,
picture, 3. fancy; synonyms (v) imagine, wish,
consider, crotchet, envision, like, assume,
conjecture, (adj) conceive, elaborate, extravagant,
ween, (n) desire, thought, whim; antonyms (adj)
plain, unadorned, 4. apprehension (anlay,
korku); synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension,
dread, arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving,
trepidation, understanding, appreciation,
anticipation, agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt;
antonyms (n) reassurance, release, confidence,
calmness.
kurutmak 1. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,
antonym (v) bolster, 2. dry (kuru); synonyms (adj)
thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald,
hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain,
(v) drench, 3. season; synonyms (n) opportunity,
space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure,
salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj)
harden, habituate.
ku bird; synonyms (n) birdie, chick, fowl, girl, wench,
hiss, shuttlecock, insect, mollusk, reptile, shellfish,
worm, person, biddy, (v) birdwatch.
kuak 1. generation (retim); synonyms (n) age,
creation, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries,
formation, offspring, period, time, day, birth,
family, lifetime, (v) germination, 2. belt (blge,
kemer); synonyms (n) ribbon, area, strap, knock,
strip, zone, bang, (v) band, hit, wallop, whack, beat,
smash, whip, thrash, 3. zone (blge); synonyms
(n) district, region, section, belt, locality, quarter,
realm, layer, territory, province, neighborhood,
orbit, circuit, division, bed, 4. band (bant);
synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle,
collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace,
stripe, (v) ring, combine.
kuatma 1. siege; synonyms (n) blockade, besieging,
assiege, beleaguering, estimation, grade, station,
stool, (v) surround, beleaguer, hedge, overwhelm,
2. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, barrier,
enclosing, pen, addition, sty, case, envelopment,
fencing, inclosure, insert, railing, ring, supplement,

3. investment (yatrm); synonyms (n) investing,
investiture, clothing, siege, finance, venture,
backing, obsession, property, installation, outlay,
capital, covering, accession, assets.
kuatmak invest; synonyms (v) install, clothe,
empower, endow, adorn, commit, crown, dress,
endue, enthrone, indue, vest, inaugurate, induct,
intrust.
kuku 1. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, misgiving,
question, dispute, apprehension, incertitude,
skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, (v) distrust,
query, suspicion, mistrust, suspect, demur;
antonyms (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness,
(v) trust, 2. suspicion (phe); synonyms (n)
inkling, fear, hunch, qualm, scruple, surmise,
supposition, hesitation, hint, intuition, guess,
misdoubt, conjecture, feeling, (v) doubt, 3.
question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry,
challenge, demand, matter, problem, interrogation,
issue, (v) inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest,
examine, enquire, argue, ask; antonym (v) answer.
kukulanmak 1. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief,
misgiving, question, dispute, apprehension,
incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, (v)
distrust, query, suspicion, mistrust, suspect,
demur; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence,
conclusiveness, (v) trust, 2. suspect; synonyms (v)
doubt, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise, believe,
disbelieve, divine, assume, fear, (adj) fishy,
questionable, shady, suspicious, dubious; antonym
(adj) trustworthy.
kukulu 1. doubtful; synonyms (adj) ambiguous,
debatable, dubious, disputable, distrustful, queer,
questionable, suspicious, tentative, diffident,
hesitant, indistinct, skeptical, uncertain, undecided;
antonyms (adj) certain, trusting, convinced, reliable,
confident, persuaded, provable, sure, 2.
suspicious; synonyms (adj) suspect, doubtful,
shady, incredulous, fishy, funny, jealous,
mistrustful, shy, leery, apprehensive, wary,
suspicion, doubting, mysterious; antonyms (adj)
aboveboard, aggressive, gullible, trustworthy.
kukusuz doubtless; synonyms (adv) certainly,
assuredly, questionless, undoubtedly, presumably,
probably, unquestionably, (adj) sure, certes.
kusma sickness; synonyms (n) illness, indisposition,
complaint, malady, qualm, distemper, nausea,
disgust, infirmity, affliction, loathing, ill, (v) disease,
disorder, ailment.
kstah 1. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous,
cowardly, timid, modest, 2. fresh (taze);
synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, novel, bright,
original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool,
Turkish - English
forward, green, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale,
decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty,
off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering,
3. arrogant (kibirli); synonyms (adj) haughty,
imperious, presumptuous, proud, dogmatic,
boastful, conceited, condescending, disdainful,
domineering, egotistical, insolent, overbearing,
supercilious, vain; antonyms (adj) self-effacing, (syn)
humble, 4. cool; synonyms (adj) cold, collected,
composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v)
calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, quench, (n)
composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, excited,
enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v)
warm, heat.
kstahlk 1. brass (pirin); synonyms (n) boldness,
face, cheek, nerve, administration, arrogance,
insolence, effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity,
assurance, front, hardihood, impudence, (adj)
bronze, 2. gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness,
acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness,
grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate, pique,
provoke, 3. cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) brass,
gall, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, jowl,
presumption, buttock, jamb; antonym (n) respect.
kusur 1. fault (arza, bozukluk, hata); synonyms
merit, strength, 2. defect; synonyms (n) fault,
shortcoming, imperfection, scar, dearth, deformity,
foible, vice, want, default, inaccuracy,
disadvantage, disease, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity, 3.
failing; synonyms (adj) declining, failed, wanting,
deteriorating, abortive, deficient, defective, dying,
neglectful, (n) failure, inadequacy, decline, frailty,
drawback, lapse; antonyms (adj) thriving,
flourishing, well, (n) virtue, 4. blame (sulamak);
synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand,
charge, reproach, chide, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack,
rap, onus, accusation, allegation, condemnation;
antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise, 5.
deficiency (eksiklik); synonyms (n) absence,
deficit, lack, scarcity, famine, insufficiency,
scarceness, shortage, shortness, drought, defection,
destitution, need, paucity, (v) fail; antonyms (n)
excess, sufficiency.
ksur odd (tek); synonyms (adj) grotesque,
exceptional, funny, abnormal, curious, droll,
eccentric, extraordinary, singular, strange, chance,
novel, anomalous, bizarre, fantastic; antonyms (adj)
normal, ordinary, even, typical.
kusurlu 1. defective; synonyms (adj) deficient, bad,
faulty, imperfect, broken, incomplete, lacking,
unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous,
flawed, inadequate, incorrect; antonym (adj)
perfect, 2. faulty; synonyms (adj) defective, false,
wrong, damaged, poor, amiss, tainted, blamable,
303
insufficient, mistaken, illogical; antonyms (adj)

correct, flawless, 3. incomplete; synonyms (adj)
halfway, short, unfinished, half, fragmentary,
sketchy, scarce, fractional, uncompleted, wanting,
uncomplete, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) complete,
finished, whole.
kusursuz 1. excellent (mkemmel); synonyms (adj)
choice, estimable, admirable, superior, capital,
beautiful, distinctive, brilliant, fantastic, fine, good,
great, magnificent, marvelous, (n) worthy;
antonyms (adj) inferior, poor, abysmal, awful,
mediocre, 2. perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj)
consummate, complete, exact, utter, entire,
faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless,
clean, (v) achieve, accomplish, (n) absolute, full;
antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed, 3. clean
(saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clear,
fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy,
unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify,
disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean,
muddy, unhygienic, syrupy, tainted,
4. precise (tam); synonyms (adj) accurate, correct,
definite, minute, careful, certain, delicate, neat,
particular, ceremonious, distinct, faithful,
fastidious, formal, (v) close; antonyms (adj)
imprecise, inaccurate, vague, rough.
kusursuzluk perfection (mkemmellik);

synonyms (n) excellence, consummation, ideal,
maturity, paragon, completeness, completion,
finish, crown, development, flawlessness, ripeness,
integrity, complete, perfect; antonym (n)
imperfection.
kutlama celebration; synonyms (n) gala, anniversary,
commemoration, fair, feast, festival, festivity,
holiday, merrymaking, party, solemnization,
praise, rite, ceremony, (adj) dedication; antonym (n)
lament.
kutlamak celebrate; synonyms (v) commemorate,
extol, keep, praise, acclaim, fete, honor, laud,
solemnize, applaud, honour, distinguish, eulogize,
exult, glorify; antonym (v) ignore.
ktle mass (yn); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk,
heap, crowd, cluster, pile, bunch, collection, lump,
amount, (v) flock.
kutsal 1. holy; synonyms (adj) devout, divine, godly,
heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual,
devotional, celestial, pious, pure, pietistic,
sanctified, sainted; antonym (adj) secular, 2.
sacred; synonyms (adj) holy, consecrated,
dedicated, inviolable, consecrate, devoted,
sacrosanct, saintly, sublime, venerable, biblical, (v)
solemn, majestic, imposing; antonym (adj) profane,
3. spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, immaterial,
incorporeal, ethereal, mental, psychic,
metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural,
304
Turkish - English
unworldly, inward, unearthly, apparitional,

disembodied; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly,
earthly.
kutu 1. box; synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest,
package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate,
envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v)
unbox, 2. bin; synonyms (n) bunker, binful, box,
silo, closet, locker, casket, trashcan, cellaret,
commode, cupboard, (v) store, discard, fling,
harvest, 3. can; synonyms (v) tin, dismiss, fire,
might, pickle, pot, sack, (n) bathroom, behind,
buttocks, lavatory, posterior, rump, jar, jail;
antonym (v) hire, 4. chest; synonyms (n) bosom,
bust, bureau, dresser, chamber, thorax, treasury,
trunk, 5. case; synonyms (n) example, bin, cover,
instance, suit, action, cause, (adj) patient.
ktk 1. log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block,
diary, timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet,
logarithm, bobbing, calendar, (v) enter, chronicle,
lumber, 2. file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive,
document, list, procession, rank, roll, series, string,
line, (v) order, rasp, scrape, abrade, arrange, grind,
3. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) inventory,
note, catalogue, book, account, annals, (v) file,
enroll, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist, catalog,
display, 4. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n)
breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent,
family, hoard, origin, race, birth, commodity, (adj)
regular, (v) handle, supply.
kutulamak 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin,
cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing,
eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. box
(kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package,
booth, blow, case, container, crate, envelope, (v)
cuff, buffet, beat, fight, hit; antonym (v) unbox.
kutup 1. pole; synonyms (n) perch, bar, picket, post,
rod, support, terminal, axle, beam, axis, extremity,
pin, baton, column, pillar, 2. terminal (terminal);
synonyms (adj) final, last, definitive, endmost, fatal,
concluding, incurable, (n) depot, end, terminus,
boundary, station, destination.
ktphane library; synonyms (n) bibliotheca, annals,
archive, bibliotheke, den, documentation,
documents, records, store.
ktphaneci librarian; synonyms (n) bibliothec,
bibliothecary.
kutuplu polar; synonyms (adj) arctic, diametric,
opposite, cold, freezing, glacial, icy, pivotal,
diametrical, frigid, frosty, frozen, gelid, (v) capital,
head.
kutupsal polar; synonyms (adj) arctic, diametric,
opposite, cold, freezing, glacial, icy, pivotal,
diametrical, frigid, frosty, frozen, gelid, (v) capital,
head.
kuvvet 1. force (g, zorlamak); synonyms (n)
energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus,
(v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel,

cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness,
persuasion, 2. strength (g); synonyms (n) force,
power, firmness, intensity, vigor, endurance,
potency, stability, health, soundness, amount,
brawn, forcefulness, (v) might, capacity; antonyms
(n) frailty, flaw, shortcoming, 3. energy (enerji,
g); synonyms (n) animation, dash, life, spirit,
determination, effort, vitality, capability, action,
activity, dynamism, go, push, stamina, verve;
antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion,
tiredness, idleness, sluggishness, 4. power (g,
iktidar); synonyms (n) ability, authority, control,
domination, effectiveness, aptitude, command, gift,
jurisdiction, mightiness, rule, (v) influence,
dominion, faculty, efficacy; antonyms (n)
powerlessness, helplessness, 5. action (etki,
eylem, hareket, i); synonyms (n) act,
accomplishment, battle, deed, engagement, fight,
movement, performance, play, behavior, case,
lawsuit, measure, (v) achievement, combat;
antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 6. might;
synonyms (v) can, could, main, (n) puissance,
vehemence, muscle, nerve, sway, violence,
inclemency, 7. steam (buu, buhar); synonyms
(n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, (v) reek, evaporate,
exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, heat, (adj) gas.
kuvvetlendirmek strengthen; synonyms (v)
consolidate, confirm, corroborate, brace, encourage,
enhance, fortify, intensify, invigorate, bolster,
buttress, harden, increase, stiffen, toughen;
antonyms (v) weaken, undermine.
kuvvetli 1. potent; synonyms (adj) powerful, cogent,
forceful, forcible, influential, hard, mighty,
persuasive, strong, efficacious, lusty, stiff, vigorous,
(n) effective, effectual; antonyms (adj) weak,
impotent, 2. strong; synonyms (adj) intense, able,
deep, firm, stable, steady, durable, good, potent,
rigid, robust, secure, solid, sound, (v) steadfast;
antonyms (adj) bland, delicate, faint, feeble, frail,
mild, pale, slight, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted,
dull, exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, 3. mighty;
synonyms (adj) enormous, immense, huge, grand,
high, big, great, large, mammoth, formidable,
hardy, violent, massive, goodly, (adv) mightily, 4.
intense; synonyms (adj) bright, acute, ardent,
brilliant, fervent, fierce, burning, energetic,
extreme, fiery, furious, heated, rich, severe, (v)
vivid; antonym (adj) calm, 5. energetic; synonyms
(adj) active, animated, brisk, busy, driving,
dynamic, agile, emphatic, aggressive, efficient,
enterprising, hearty, industrious, lively, spirited;
antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, inactive,
indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, indifferent,
listless, 6. vigorous; synonyms (adj) strenuous,
athletic, healthy, smart, brawny, muscular, stout,
sturdy, tough, valiant, (n) brave, rugged,
Turkish - English
courageous, (v) fresh, live; antonym (adj)
unenergetic, 7. powerful; synonyms (adj) full,
dominant, hefty, important, valid, convincing,
husky, fit, herculean, impressive, nervous, noisy,
puissant, significant, strapping; antonym (adj)
powerless.
kuyruk 1. tail; synonyms (n) rear, shadow, behind,
butt, posterior, rump, stub, (v) follow, pursue, track,
trail, chase, dog, tag, (adj) back; antonyms (v) head,
front, 2. queue; synonyms (n) cue, rank, row,
string, tail, wake, catchword, flap, humor, (v) line,
align, adjust, aline, dress, find, 3. trail (iz,
izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) trace, path,
course, trudge, pathway, scent, (v) haul, drag, hunt,
train, draw, tow, pull, lag, stalk.
kuyu well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily,
kuyumculuk jewellery; synonyms (n) jewel, jewelry.
kuzen cousin; synonyms (n) nephew, friend,
companion, allied.
kuzey 1. north; synonyms (n) northland, n, union,
brotherhood, conglutination, conjugation,
coupling, join, jointure, marriage, (adv) northerly,
northward, northwards, (adj) northbound,
northmost; antonym (adj) south, 2. northern;
synonyms (adj) north, boreal, arctic, hyperborean,
frigid, septentrional.
kuzeye up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward, upwardly,
upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost, advance,
effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) over, uphill,
cheerful; antonym (adj) asleep.
kuzin cousin (kuzen); synonyms (n) nephew, friend,
companion, allied.
kuzu lamb; synonyms (n) dear, kid, beef, beloved,
child, darling, dearest, flockling, honey, pork,
twagger, ham, love, (adj) innocent, naive.
kuzulamak lamb (kuzu); synonyms (n) dear, kid,
beef, beloved, child, darling, dearest, flockling,
honey, pork, twagger, ham, love, (adj) innocent,
naive.
krmz red (al, krmz, kzl); synonyms (adj)
crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby,
sanguine, cherry, pink, radical, ruddy, scarlet,
cerise, bloody, inflamed.
L
laboratuvar laboratory; synonyms (n) lab, factory,
course, elaboratory, operatory, (adj) experimental,
alembic, stillatory.
laf talk (konuma, konumak); synonyms (v)
gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, address,
305
articulate, chat, prattle, speak, (n) discourse,

language, colloquy, conversation, dialogue,
palaver.
lam drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,
lahza instant (an); synonyms (adj) immediate,
present, exigent, prompt, clamant, crying, (n)
moment, flash, jiffy, minute, point, second, tick, (v)
pressing, urgent; antonyms (adj) gradual, longterm.
laik secular; synonyms (adj) profane, lay, worldly,
earthly, laic, temporal, terrestrial, (n) layman, (v)
centennial; antonyms (adj) holy, religious, spiritual.
lam slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute,
slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift.
lamba 1. lamp; synonyms (n) light, look, beacon,
view, glance, alfalfa, glimpse, lucern, (v) behold,
regard, perceive, gape, gaze, inspect, observe, 2.
light (ak, hafif, k); synonyms (adj) fair, clear,
lastik rubber (kauuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc,
condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic,
arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize.
latif beautiful (gzel); synonyms (adj) attractive,
good-looking, bright, beauteous, fine, handsome,
lovely, picturesque, pleasant, pretty, striking,
sweet, adorned, ornate, dainty; antonyms (adj) ugly,
unattractive.
laubali familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common,
commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, (n)
accustomed, companion, comrade, habitual, (v)
unknown.
laubalilik 1. familiarity; synonyms (n) acquaintance,
intimacy, casualness, closeness, experience,
conversance, conversancy, knowledge, naturalness,
nearness, fellowship, freedom, friendship, privity,
understanding; antonyms (n) ignorance,
unfamiliarity, 2. freedom (zgrlk); synonyms
(n) exemption, autonomy, deliverance, discharge,
liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj) franchise, frankness;
antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity,
dependence, restraint, suppression.
lavabo sink; synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip,
droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse,
decay, flag, founder; antonyms (v) rise, float.
306
Turkish - English
layk 1. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree,

unfit, inappropriate, unwell, 2. worthy; synonyms
(adj) noble, estimable, good, meritorious,
respectable, valuable, deserving, honorable,
suitable, virtuous, worthwhile, admirable,
desirable, (n) celebrity, notable; antonym (adj)
unworthy.
lazer laser; synonym (n) beam.
lazmlk stool (tabure); synonyms (n) chair, seat,
bench, dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form,
movement, throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper,
lavatory.
leen basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression,
leh polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,
cultivate.
lehe polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,
cultivate.
lehte favourable; synonyms (adj) advantageous,
auspicious, encouraging, favorable, lucky,
opportune, prosperous, comfortable, easy,
booming, flourishing, golden, halcyon, prospering,
roaring.
leke 1. spot (benek, nokta); synonyms (n) blot,
place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location,
soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, dirt, grime,
land, dust, (v) smudge, contaminate, pollute, mire,
defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, (adj) blur;
antonym (v) clean, 3. shame (ayp); synonyms (n)
reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin,
insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v)
dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase;
antonym (v) honor.
lekelemek 1. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms
daub, flaw, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground,
dirt, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, contaminate,
pollute, mire, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch,
(adj) blur; antonym (v) clean.
lekeli spotted; synonyms (adj) mottled, dappled,
plain.
lekesiz pure (ar, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute,
diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked.

levha 1. sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, layer,
leaf, canvas, film, paper, coat, coating, blanket,
cover, coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail, 2.
panel (panel, pano); synonyms (n) jury,
defendant, committee, plank, set, sheet, wall,
accused, window, (v) empanel, impanel.
levrek bass (bas); synonyms (adj) deep, low, resonant,
rich, sonorous, abstruse, booming, rumbling,
cryptic, (n) basso, tenor, trout, violoncello, (adv)
accompaniment, second.
leziz delicious; synonyms (adj) delicate, appetizing,
delightful, pleasing, agreeable, charming, dainty,
delectable, enjoyable, lovely, luscious, savory,
sweet, toothsome, grateful; antonym (adj) tasteless.
lezzet 1. flavour (tat vermek); synonyms (n) aroma,
smack, tang, taste, tone, (v) flavor, season, 2. salt
(tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust,
mopus, rhino, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice,
pungent, (v) cure, pickle, embalm, 3. taste
(tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, liking, morsel,
penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, gusto,
mouthful, predilection, preference, refinement, (v)
sample, discernment; antonyms (n) dislike,
tastelessness.
lezzetli delicious; synonyms (adj) delicate, appetizing,
delightful, pleasing, agreeable, charming, dainty,
delectable, enjoyable, lovely, luscious, savory,
sweet, toothsome, grateful; antonym (adj) tasteless.
liberal liberal; synonyms (adj) generous, bountiful,
free, handsome, abundant, benevolent, big, large,
kind, ample, bounteous, broad, charitable, giving,
tolerant; antonyms (adj) strict, oppressive,
totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative.
libre pound; synonyms (v) beat, pen, bang, crush,
flap, grind, hammer, maul, palpitate, thump, mash,
buffet, grate, baste, bruise.
lider 1. leader; synonyms (n) chief, guide, boss,
captain, director, head, chieftain, commander,
conductor, administrator, lead, principal, hero,
executive, superior; antonyms (n) follower,
straggler, 2. head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n) front,
point, foam, froth, crown, chair, brain, end,
forefront, heading, (adj) foremost, great, (v) capital,
direct, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v)
follow, 3. captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) leader,
master, commodore, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v)
govern, manage.
liderlik leadership; synonyms (n) guidance,
command, lead, control, direction, authority,
generalship, administration, influence, conduct,
government, leading, management, supervision,
supremacy.
Turkish - English
lif 1. fibre; synonyms (n) fiber, character, case,
eccentric, grapheme, lineament, part, persona,
reference, role, shred, toughness, type, 2. thread
(iplik); synonyms (n) string, line, yarn, rope, twine,
wire, cord, (v) file, range, penetrate, lace, pass, run,
meander, permeate.
lig league; synonyms (n) alliance, association,
coalition, confederacy, federation, class,
combination, confederation, union, connection,
society, fellowship, (v) combine, confederate, band.
likidite liquidity; synonyms (n) fluidity, fluidness,
liquid, liquidness, fluency, humidity, runniness.
liman 1. harbour; synonyms (n) haven, seaport, (v)
harbor, entertain, contain, bear, hold, nurse, shield,
2. port; synonyms (n) asylum, carriage, demeanor,
pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock, embrasure,
gate, harbour, interface, refuge, (adj) larboard, left;
limit limit (snr); synonyms (n) bound, boundary,
edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine,
curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain,
curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension,
minimum, (v) broaden, extend.
limon lemon; synonyms (n) automobile, gamboge,
auto, buff, bum, car, clunker, corn, criticism,
crumb, disappointment, dud, etc, failure, (adj)
cheap.
limonluk greenhouse (sera); synonyms (n)
glasshouse, conservatory, nursery, grotto,
hermitage, summerhouse, orangery.
lisan 1. language (dil); synonyms (n) dialect,
expression, speech, diction, idiom, lingo, tongue,
conversation, jargon, terminology, vernacular,
voice, word, words, address, 2. tongue (dil);
synonyms (n) language, lingua, clapper, glossa,
talk, knife, palate, parlance, spit, (v) lick, (adj)
flippancy, flowing, fluency.
lisans licence; synonyms (v) license, certify, endorse,
evidence, attest, demonstrate, indorse, manifest.
liste 1. list (listelemek); synonyms (n) catalog,
catalogue, file, inclination, index, schedule,
calendar, enumeration, inventory, (v) lean, tilt,
enter, enumerate, incline, itemize, 2. roll
register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel,
rock, turn, twist, wallow, wind, envelop, 3.
schedule; synonyms (n) agenda, program, table,
roll, chart, docket, plan, fare, arrangement,
diagram, record, bill, procedure, (v) book, arrange,
4. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) note,
account, annals, listing, registry, (v) enroll,
chronicle, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist,
display, inscribe, date.
listelemek list (liste); synonyms (n) catalog,
catalogue, file, inclination, index, schedule,
307
calendar, enumeration, inventory, (v) lean, tilt,

enter, enumerate, incline, itemize.
literatr literature (edebiyat); synonyms (n)
learning, letters, science, writing, novel, writings,
knowledge, advertisement, art, circular, erudition,
fiction, letterure, pamphlet, text.
litre litre; synonyms (n) liter, l, fifty, lambert.
lobi lobby; synonyms (n) hall, foyer, anteroom,
hallway, lounge, vestibule, aisle, antechamber,
corridor, entry, lane, passage, alley, artery, (v)
buttonhole.
loca 1. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest,
package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate,
envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v)
unbox, 2. lodge; synonyms (n) house, club,
cottage, hut, inn, (v) cabin, live, place,
accommodate, deposit, fix, inhabit, quarter, (adj)
abide, dwell.
logaritma log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block,
lumber.
logo logo; synonyms (n) emblem, logotype, sign,
mark, badge, symbol, brand, character, image,
crest, decoration, design, device, indication, motif.
lokal local (yerel); synonyms (adj) native, sectional,
topical, home, indigenous, municipal, nearby, civic,
limited, internal, national, parochial, provincial,
restricted, (n) resident; antonyms (adj) foreign,
universal, worldwide.
lokanta restaurant (restoran); synonyms (n)
cafeteria, canteen, bistro, coffeehouse, buffet, cafe,
refectory, caf, nightclub.
lokma 1. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece,
shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling, 2. bite
(srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, nibble, (v)
sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw,
hurt, munch.
lokomotif 1. engine (makine, motor); synonyms (n)
locomotive, machine, contrivance, implement,
instrument, mechanism, organ, tool, utensil, 2.
locomotive; synonyms (n) engine, conductor, (adj)
locomotor, mobile, (v) train, airplane, autobus,
automobile, bus, minivan, motorbike, omnibus,
plane, subway, trolley.
lombar port (liman); synonyms (n) harbor, haven,
asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing,
deportment, dock, embrasure, gate, harbour, (adj)
larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard.
lord lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master, noble,
sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker,
mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain,
impropriator.
lo 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, dull,
bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken, cloud,
308
Turkish - English
pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright,

brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear,
brighten, 2. gloomy; synonyms (adj) black,
disconsolate, dismal, downcast, dim, dingy,
downhearted, funereal, melancholy, sad,
dispirited; antonyms (adj) cheerful, cheery,
encouraging, happy, hopeful, light.
LSD acid (asit); synonyms (adj) acerbic, acidic, bitter,
caustic, sharp, sour, acerb, acrid, cutting, pointed,
sarcastic, acrimonious, astringent, biting, (v) tart;
antonym (adj) sweet.
lks 1. luxury; synonyms (adj) delicacy, luxurious,
deluxe, gratification, indulgence, sumptuous, (n)
comfort, extravagance, lavishness, luxuriousness,
elegance, luxe, opulence, wealth, ease; antonyms
(n) essential, paucity, 2. luxurious; synonyms (adj)
voluptuous, costly, lavish, epicurean, grand,
luscious, comfortable, expensive, magnificent,
opulent, rich, palatial, princely, (n) lush, luxuriant;
antonym (adj) cheap.
ltfen please (memnun etmek); synonyms (v)
delight, gratify, amuse, charm, entertain, like,
oblige, enchant, enrapture, accommodate, divert,
gladden, indulge, (adj) enjoy, content; antonyms (v)
displease, annoy, anger, irritate, distress.
ltuf 1. grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor,
clemency, beauty, benediction, blessing, (v) bedeck,
adorn, deck, garnish, beautify, decorate, embellish,
dress, embroider, 2. favour; synonyms (v) choose,
prefer, privilege.
lzum 1. need; synonyms (v) lack, claim, require,
requirement, absence; antonym (n) wealth, 2.
occasion; synonyms (n) case, event, chance,
episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive,
opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed, induce,
make, 3. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, like,
hope, crave, (n) poverty, wish, famine, dearth,
penury, privation, shortage, pauperism, defect,
distress, ambition; antonyms (v) dislike, hate.
lzumsuz 1. needless; synonyms (adj) gratuitous,
unnecessary, dispensable, excessive, meaningless,
pointless, preventable, wanton, (v) superfluous;
antonym (adj) necessary, 2. unnecessary;
synonyms (adj) redundant, needless, surplus,
excess, spare, undue, useless, extra, unneeded;
antonym (adj) reasonable, 3. redundant;
synonyms (adj) pleonastic, wordy, additional,
repetitious, exuberant, superabundant,
supererogatory, supernumerary, verbose, windy.
M
maalesef 1. unfortunately; synonyms (adv)
regrettably, alas, unluckily, sadly, badly, adversely,
athwart, contrariwise, crossly, disagreeably,
disastrously, fretfully, grievously, imperfectly,
inimically; antonyms (adv) fortunately, luckily, 2.
sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry,
penitent, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, remorseful,
sorrowful, base, apologetic, bad, deplorable, mean,
miserable; antonym (adj) unrepentant.
maa 1. pay (demek); synonyms (v) compensate,
compensation, liquidate, yield, afford, clear,
expend, give, (n) recompense, wage, earnings, fee,
salary, allowance, devote; antonym (v) owe, 2.
wage; synonyms (n) pay, payment, income,
remuneration, stipend, (v) fight, engage, prosecute,
pursue, hire, 3. salary; synonyms (n) emolument,
gain, profit, revenue, reward, wages, 4.
compensation; synonyms (n) amends,
indemnification, price, atonement, redress, refund,
reimbursement, reparation, return, satisfaction,
settlement, bonus, consideration, penance, (v)
restitution, 5. earnings; synonyms (n) profits,
lucre, proceeds, receipts, returns, takings.
mabet 1. temple (tapnak); synonyms (n) church,
tabernacle, shrine, brow, synagogue, forehead,
chapel, kirk, meetinghouse, basilica, chantry,
conventicle, memorial, oratory, side, 2. sanctuary;
synonyms (n) refuge, asylum, retreat, haven, safety,
reservation, chancel, protection, shelter, resort,
cover, harbor, port, security, temple.
ma 1. match (e, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal,
contradict, 2. game (oyun); synonyms (n)
amusement, fun, entertainment, contest, diversion,
match, play, prey, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless,
brave, (v) bet, gamble, wager.
macera 1. exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply,
employ, use, abuse, harness, (n) deed, achievement,
feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort,
performance, 2. adventure; synonyms (n) venture,
accident, chance, escapade, event, incident,
undertaking, consequence, essay, circumstance,
enterprise, experience, (v) hazard, risk, dare.
macun cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum,
madalya 1. medal; synonyms (n) decoration, award,
prize, medallion, title, honor, laurels, palm, 2.
decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n)
adornment, garnish, medal, ornament,
embellishment, finery, insignia, ornamentation,
Turkish - English
trimming, accessory, badge, accolade, distinction,
embroidery, enrichment.
madde 1. matter (konu, mesele); synonyms (n)
item, (v) case, count, 2. item (kalem, para);
synonyms (n) piece, detail, entry, object, point,
subject, thing, clause, component, entity, fact,
feature, matter, part, (adv) also, 3. clause;
synonyms (n) paragraph, provision, rider, section,
chapter, member, condition, prerequisite, proviso,
requirement, stipulation, (v) passage, 4. stuff;
synonyms (n) cloth, force, gear, goods, (v) cram, fill,
jam, pack, pad, ram, squeeze, glut, gorge, load,
shove; antonym (v) unstuff, 5. substance;
synonyms (n) essence, meaning, significance,
amount, core, gist, means, quintessence,
implication, spirit, content, element, heart, kernel,
marrow; antonym (n) triviality, 6. material
(malzeme); synonyms (n) stuff, fabric,
information, (adj) bodily, corporal, corporeal,
substantial, concrete, important, physical, real,
essential, momentous, solid, tangible, 7. article;
synonyms (n) commodity, composition, discourse,
essay, paper, report, review, story, ware,
dissertation, literature, merchandise, person,
something, exposition, 8. thing (ey); synonyms
(n) occurrence, happening, being, occasion, deed,
episode, fad, circumstance, act, question, device,
gadget, habit, situation, topic.
maddi 1. material (malzeme); synonyms (n) body,
cloth, matter, stuff, fabric, substance, (adj) bodily,
important, physical, real, essential, 2. tangible;
synonyms (adj) material, actual, palpable,
perceptible, evident, definite, sensible, genuine,
adequate, commensurate, competent, discernible,
enough, (n) applicable, available; antonym (adj)
intangible.
maden metal (metal); synonyms (n) ore, admixture,
aggregate, alloy, clemency, favor, grace, honor,
mercy, rock, character, courage, temper.
madencilik mining; synonyms (n) excavation,
minelaying, digging, extraction, dig, removal,
withdrawal.
madeni mineral; synonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) rock,
petroleum, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone.
mafsal joint (birleik, eklem, ortak); synonyms (adj)
collective, common, communal, cooperative,
separate.
maara cave; synonyms (n) cavern, hole, lair, cove,
den, grotto, hollow, cell, (v) undermine.
maaza 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak,

309

keep, preserve, 2. shop; synonyms (n) store,
factory, plant, workshop, house, outlet, workplace,
(v) betray, purchase, grass, browse, denounce,
frequent, patronize, peach.
magazin magazine (dergi); synonyms (n) journal,
cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip,
entrepot, mag, comic, depository, arsenal, monthly,
pamphlet, weekly, (v) store.
malubiyet defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin,
surrender.
marur proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj) arrogant,
dignified, disdainful, haughty, lofty, exalted,
conceited, egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic,
overbearing, pompous, imperious, elated;
antonyms (adj) humble, modest, ashamed,
embarrassed.
mahal 1. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n)
blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location,
place (yer); synonyms (n) position, domicile,
office, order, spot, attitude, (v) post, arrange, fix,
lay, locate, rank, station, deposit, install; antonym
(v) remove.
mahalle 1. parish; synonyms (n) district, community,
congregation, region, province, township, borough,
church, area, constituency, neighborhood, town,
subdivision, (adj) local, 2. quarter (eyrek);
synonyms (n) part, division, mercy, direction,
portion, quart, fourth, (v) place, lodge, line, put,
accommodate, billet, canton, divide, 3. district
(blge); synonyms (n) quarter, territory, circuit,
county, field, jurisdiction, section, domain, country,
ground, hemisphere, locality, municipality, realm,
(v) zone.
maharet skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability,
clumsiness, inability, incompetence.
mahkeme 1. tribunal; synonyms (n) court, judicature,
judicatory, trial, bar, 2. court (avlu); synonyms (n)
forum, close, field, tribunal, passage, judge,
courtroom, courtyard, hall, justice, (v) woo, attract,
invite, romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun,
3. forum; synonyms (n) agora, assembly, pulpit,
square, ambo, amphitheater, symposium, platform,
rostrum, state, conference, assemblage, seminar,
auditorium, fabrication.
mahkumiyet conviction; synonyms (n) assurance,
belief, certainty, condemnation, confidence,
persuasion, faith, trust, firmness, creed,
310
Turkish - English
determination, doctrine, judgment, reliance,

security; antonym (n) uncertainty.
mahpus prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive,
hostage, accused, criminal, defendant.
mahrem 1. secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert,
hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure,
occult, secrecy, clandestine, (n) privacy, arcanum,
(v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n)
known, public, 2. private (zel); synonyms (adj)
personal, individual, secret, inner, esoteric,
exclusive, intimate, particular, domestic, interior,
lonely, own, privy, retired, special; antonyms (adj)
communal, community, nationalized, official, stateowned, civic, shared, state.
mahremiyet privacy; synonyms (n) seclusion,
secrecy, confidentiality, darkness, privateness,
retreat, concealment, loneliness, shelter, retirement,
solitude.
mahrumiyet deprivation; synonyms (n)
bereavement, privation, cost, loss, need, want,
deficiency, absence, damage, dearth, scarcity,
destitution, disadvantage, distress, hardship.
mahsul crop (rn); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest,
mahsus peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj)
individual, odd, particular, exceptional, different,
anomalous, characteristic, curious, eccentric,
extraordinary, abnormal, distinctive, bizarre,
especial, fantastic; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary,
typical.
mahvetmek 1. destroy; synonyms (v) break,
demolish, blight, despoil, annihilate, blast, crush,
dash, destruct, devastate, devour, dismantle, (adj)
desolate, abolish, consume; antonyms (v) build,
preserve, create, make, 2. blast; synonyms (n)
bang, slam, burst, gust, (v) attack, blare, bomb,
boom, detonate, roar, smash, blow, bombard, (adj)
discharge, explosion.
mahvolmu lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing,
(adj) present, found, existing.
mahzen cellar (bodrum, kiler); synonyms (n) vault,
basement, cellarage, winery, cockpit, hold, bound,
catacomb, cell, floor, sepulcher, tomb, vineyard,
chateau, curvet.
maiyet 1. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v)
aim, coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame,
discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school, 2. suite;
synonyms (n) retinue, series, entourage, apartment,
cortege, flat, train, court, battery, group, rooms, (adj)
round, succession.
majr major (ana, byk); synonyms (adj) chief,
key, large, main, superior, considerable, master,
grave, fundamental, great, higher, important,
leading, overriding, principal; antonyms (adj)

minor, unimportant, lesser, petty, slight.
makale 1. contribution; synonyms (n) allowance,
payment, present, 2. article; synonyms (n) section,
object, thing, chapter, clause, commodity,
composition, discourse, entity, essay, feature,
paper, report, review, story, 3. story; synonyms (n)
layer, history, account, narration, narrative, recital,
tale, fable, falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel,
stage; antonym (n) truth.
makam 1. mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion,
manner, method, form, way, condition, custom,
guise, style, wise, appearance, approach, fad,
modality, 2. station (durak, istasyon);
synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base,
depot, (v) place, locate, post, stand, lay, order, put,
set, site.
makara block (blok, tkamak); synonyms (n) bar,
barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder,
encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug, (adj)
lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open.
makas switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane,
makbul 1. grateful; synonyms (adj) thankful,
agreeable, appreciative, beholden, indebted,
obliged, pleasing, (n) welcome; antonym (adj)
ungrateful, 2. acceptable; synonyms (adj)
adequate, passable, satisfactory, good, correct,
decent, desirable, grateful, palatable, permissible,
reasonable, sufficient, suitable, tolerable, right;
antonyms (adj) unacceptable, inadequate,
unsatisfactory, disagreeable, forbidden,
unbearable, unwelcome.
makbuz receipt; synonyms (n) reception, acceptance,
acknowledgment, acquittance, check, recipe, ticket,
revenue, certificate, profit, account, invoice,
voucher, contrivance, (v) acknowledge; antonym (n)
dispatch.
makine 1. machine; synonyms (n) instrument,
apparatus, device, implement, car, contrivance,
auto, automobile, gadget, organization, tool,
automaton, computer, mechanism, motorcar, 2.
engine (lokomotif, motor); synonyms (n)
locomotive, machine, organ, utensil, 3. device
(aygt); synonyms (n) appliance, artifice, emblem,
way, design, dodge, expedient, machination, plot.
makineler machinery; synonyms (n) apparatus,
machine, enginery, equipment, plant, gear,
mechanism, system, tackle, installation.
makinist 1. engineer (mhendis); synonyms (n)
architect, mastermind, machinist, (v) devise,
conduct, contrive, direct, organize, plan, construct,
Turkish - English
finagle, fix, guide, hatch, manage, 2. driver
(ofr, src); synonyms (n) coachman, postboy,
club, chaser, commuter, hoistman, pursuer,
spanker.
maksat 1. intention (kast, niyet); synonyms (n)
plan, 2. purpose (ama, niyet); synonyms (n)
effect, purport, resolve, determination, function,
meaning, decision, destination, ambition,
aspiration, (v) intention, project, intend, propose,
decide, 3. intent (ama, niyet); synonyms (adj)
attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, fixed,
rapt, eager, determined, ambitious, keen,
purposeful, (n) import, spirit, point, 4. aim (ama,
gaye, hedef); synonyms (n) target, trend, will,
bearing, direction, (v) direct, address, endeavor,
aspire, strive, turn, attempt, drive, lay, (adj) tend.
maksimum maximum; synonyms (adj) extreme,
maximal, top, greatest, highest, supreme, ultimate,
(n) limit, utmost, height, most, culmination, record,
climax, peak; antonyms (adj) least, (n) minimum.
makul 1. reasonable; synonyms (adj) just, moderate,
rational, fair, legitimate, judicious, sensible,
admissible, appropriate, cheap, due, equitable,
impartial, inexpensive, intelligent; antonyms (adj)
illogical, unreasonable, expensive, unfair,
unsatisfactory, inadequate, 2. sensible; synonyms
(adj) reasonable, aware, perceptible, prudent,
sagacious, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical,
practical, conscious, sapient, advisable, careful;
antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic,
imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless,
ridiculous, silly, stupid, unwise, harebrained,
hasty, 3. plausible; synonyms (adj) believable,
credible, convincing, likely, specious, acceptable,
feasible, probable, imaginable, ostensible, oily,
potential, slick, trustworthy, apparent; antonyms
(adj) implausible, unlikely, unbelievable, 4. sober;
synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, earnest, quiet,
solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene,
somber, staid, severe, composed; antonym (adj)
intoxicated, 5. rational; synonyms (adj)
intellectual, mental, sober, sound, lucid,
philosophical, clever, coherent, discreet, justifiable,
reasoned, right, cerebral; antonyms (adj) irrational,
anxious.
mal 1. asset; synonyms (n) advantage, strength,
benefit, forte, purchase, good, plus, possession,
virtue, investment; antonyms (n) liability, vice, 2.
commodity; synonyms (n) merchandise, article,
product, object, thing, goods, ware, effects,
movable, something, valuable, accommodation,
asset, belonging, chattel, 3. holding; synonyms (n)
estate, belongings, hold, keeping, claim, capture,
interest, occupation, ownership, property,
retention, take, tenure, demand, (adj) retaining, 4.
311
livestock; synonyms (n) stock, ancestry, blood,

bloodline, breed, broth, caudex, descent, fund,
gillyflower, gunstock, inventory, line, lineage,
horses, 5. goods; synonyms (n) cargo, freight,
commodity, chattels, commodities, produce, stuff,
wealth, load, consignment, gear, materials,
possessions, products, (v) furniture, 6. property
(zellik); synonyms (n) characteristic, capital,
peculiarity, feature, character, nature, place,
substance, faculty, assets, fortune, holding, means,
(adj) attribute, quality.
mali 1. financial (finansal, parasal); synonyms (adj)
fiscal, economic, monetary, pecuniary, commercial,
budgeting, numismatic, pocket, 2. fiscal;
synonyms (adj) financial, money, (n) treasurer.
maliye finance; synonyms (n) funding, support,
credit, backing, investment, (v) back, fund, sponsor,
bankroll, underwrite.
maliyet cost; synonyms (n) price, charge, amount,
expense, toll, damage, disbursement, expenditure,
fee, payment, rate, worth, sacrifice, budget, (v) be.
malumat 1. information (bilgi, enformasyon);

material, warning, 2. knowledge (bilgi);
synonyms (n) information, comprehension,
acquaintance, erudition, grasp, lore, science,
understanding, attainment, appreciation, dexterity,
education, (v) cognition, (adj) art, wisdom; antonym
(n) ignorance.
malzeme material; synonyms (n) body, cloth, matter,
stuff, fabric, substance, (adj) bodily, corporal,
corporeal, substantial, concrete, important,
physical, real, essential.
mana meaning (anlam); synonyms (n) import, gist,
significance, drift, effect, interpretation.
manastr 1. abbey; synonyms (n) convent, monastery,
church, priory, clergyman, (v) cloister, 2.
monastery; synonyms (n) friary, (v) abbey.
manda mandate; synonyms (n) charge, injunction,
authority, behest, command, bidding, instruction,
authorization, commandment, commission, decree,
dictate, order, edict, claim.
mandra dairy; synonyms (n) farm, laundry, bakery,
bakeshop, confectionery, delicatessen, greengrocer,
grocery, supermarket, buttery, factory, pasteurizer.
manevi 1. moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, decent,
good, honest, right, chaste, proper, righteous,
upright, virtuous, honorable, noble, pure, (n)
lesson, meaning; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad,
unwholesome, 2. spiritual; synonyms (adj)
ghostly, holy, immaterial, religious, incorporeal,
pious, divine, ethereal, mental, psychic,
312
Turkish - English
metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural,

unworldly; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly,
secular, earthly.
maneviyat 1. morale (moral); synonyms (n) spirit,
confidence, temperament, character, feelings,
mood, self-esteem, attitude, drive, esprit, humor,
outlook, resolve, self-confidence, self-possession, 2.
spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost,
life, bravery, disposition, energy, enthusiasm,
essence, heart, mind, phantom, soul, fortitude, (adj)
manevra 1. movement (hareket); synonyms (n)
motion, move, action, activity, campaign, crusade,
advancement, cause, drive, passage, drift, flow,
inclination, effort, evolution, 2. switching;
synonyms (n) switch, shift, shunting, replacement,
shifting, break, chemise, coupling, displacement,
fault, fracture, permutation, sack, shimmy, slip.
manga squad; synonyms (n) gang, brigade, crew,
detachment, party, team, bunch, knot, band,
company, section, troop, platoon, division, (v) set.
mani 1. obstacle; synonyms (n) barrier, difficulty,
drawback, check, hitch, obstruction, interruption,
bar, deterrent, hurdle, let, (v) impediment,
hindrance, block, delay, 2. stop (durak,
stand, close, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch,
disrupt, dwell, (n) halt, hold, stay, end, arrest, cease,
curb; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin,
encourage, permit, prolong.
manken model (model, rnek); synonyms (n) form,
fashion, example, image, dummy, figure,
prototype, frame, lesson, archetype, design, (v)
copy, pattern, imitate, shape; antonym (adj)
atypical.
mantk logic; synonyms (n) argument, reason,
reasoning, sense, order, logics, coherence,
rationality, analysis, assumption, basis, brains,
clarity, conclusion, consistency; antonym (n)
stupidity.
mantkl 1. rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual,
reasonable, intelligent, judicious, logical, sane,
mental, just, practical, sagacious, sensible, sober,
sound, wise, lucid; antonyms (adj) irrational,
illogical, anxious, 2. logical; synonyms (adj)
coherent, consistent, legitimate, rational, justifiable,
valid, arranged, methodical, orderly, systematic;
antonyms (adj) confused, imaginative,
unintelligible, 3. sensible; synonyms (adj) aware,
perceptible, prudent, appreciable, sage, conscious,
sapient, advisable, careful, clever, cognizant,
palpable, sensitive, shrewd, knowing; antonyms
(adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent,
ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous,
silly, stupid, unreasonable, unwise, harebrained, 4.
valid (Geerli); synonyms (adj) legal, right,
genuine, solid, forcible, substantial, authentic,
good, powerful, rightful, strong, true, cogent, real,

effectual; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid,
annulled, bogus.
mantksal logical; synonyms (adj) coherent,
consistent, legitimate, rational, reasonable, sensible,
justifiable, valid, arranged, lucid, methodical,
orderly, systematic; antonyms (adj) illogical,
confused, imaginative, irrational, unintelligible.
mantksz 1. unreasonable; synonyms (adj) foolish,
absurd, excessive, extravagant, immoderate,
undue, preposterous, exorbitant, illogical,
inordinate, irrational, ridiculous, senseless, silly,
unconscionable; antonyms (adj) reasonable, goodnatured, 2. irrational; synonyms (adj) inconsistent,
blind, unreasonable, imprudent, unsound, insane,
thoughtless, nonsensical, stupid, surd, unwise,
deranged, incongruous, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj)
rational, logical.
manto 1. cloak; synonyms (n) mask, veil, camouflage,
cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind, blanket,
curtain, (v) cover, wrap, conceal, dissemble, hide;
antonyms (v) disclose, reveal, uncover, 2. coat
(palto); synonyms (n) coating, crust, film, fur,
jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v) cloak, sheath,
plaster, glaze, finish, paint.
manyetik magnetic; synonyms (adj) attractive,
charismatic, fascinating, inviting, magnetized,
tempting, captivating, enchanting, glamorous,
prepossessing, entrancing, engaging, seductive,
hypnotic, dynamic.
manzara 1. view (bak, bakmak, grnm);

idea, outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, (v) regard,
observe, see, consider, eye, 2. landscape (peyzaj,
yatay); synonyms (n) scenery, view, vista, ground,
lookout, panorama, perspective, picture, 3. scene;
synonyms (n) background, display, environment,
spectacle, act, appearance, position, arena, incident,
location, set, setting, show, spot, (v) landscape, 4.
prospect; synonyms (n) expectancy, anticipation,
hope, possibility, chance, expectation, future,
likelihood, probability, forecast, candidate, horizon,
prognosis, survey, (v) explore; antonym (n) past, 5.
scenery; synonym (n) nature, 6. sight (gr);
synonyms (n) vision, glimpse, eyesight, glance, ken,
perception, (v) aim, descry, discern, perceive,
behold, detect, find, notice, (adj) eyesore, 7.
spectacle; synonyms (n) pageant, exhibition,
phenomenon, performance, wonder, pageantry,
play, pomp, representation, cavalcade, curiosity,
lion, marvel, procession, (v) parade; antonym (n)
modesty.
manzume poem; synonyms (n) song, rhyme, verse,
ballad, composition, sonnet, construction,
fabrication, from, laughingstock, making, measure,
meter, metre, writing.
Turkish - English
313
Maraton marathon; synonyms (n) race, (adj)
masal 1. tale; synonyms (n) story, account, narrative,
ambitious, classic, grand, heroic, impressive.

marifet 1. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit,
deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v)
swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead,
beguile, 2. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability,
marihuana grass (imen, ot); synonyms (n)
denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp.
marjinal marginal; synonyms (adj) borderline,
border, peripheral, edge, fringe, bare, minor,
negligible, unimportant, fringy, hardscrabble.
Mark mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score,
character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature,
(v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label,
(adj) notice.
marka 1. label (etiket); synonyms (n) name, brand,
tag, title, designation, earmark, docket, group, (v)
mark, call, classify, check, designate, distinguish,
identify, 2. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms
(v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force,
get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design,
(n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 3. mark;
synonyms (n) evidence, score, character, heed,
impression, imprint, sign, feature, badge, (v)
blemish, characterize, grade, label, differentiate,
(adj) notice, 4. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul);
synonyms (n) seal, cachet, emblem, die, hallmark,
mold, (v) print, cast, impress, trample, punch,
shape, note, emboss, mint, 5. brand; synonyms (n)
blade, class, kind, stain, type, falchion, make,
nature, slur, sort, sword, (v) denounce, stamp, (adj)
stigma, blot, 6. check (ek, denetim,
denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, stop, block,
limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, (n)
control, arrest, curb, bill, cheque.
mar march (mart); synonyms (n) walk, hike,
parade, demonstration, ramble, trek, course, (v)
journey, tramp, advance, border, pace, process,
stride, stroll.
mart march; synonyms (n) walk, hike, parade,
demonstration, ramble, trek, course, (v) journey,
tramp, advance, border, pace, process, stride, stroll.
martaval story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account,
(n) truth.
masa 1. table (izelge, tablo); synonyms (n) board,
plate, 2. desk; synonyms (n) bench, box, coffer,
table, caddy, caisson, case, casket, chest.
fable, fib, narration, recital, report, fiction, history,

legend, lie, relation, yarn, gossip, 2. yarn (iplik);
synonyms (n) tale, thread, anecdote, twine, string,
line, strand, chronicle, cord, cotton, fabrication,
invention, ribbon, saga, 3. story; synonyms (n)
layer, falsehood, floor, level, novel, stage, storey,
explanation, article, description, romance, allegory,
loft, rumor, record; antonym (n) truth, 4. fiction
(uydurma); synonyms (n) falsity, figment, sham,
deceit, forgery, myth, 5. romance; synonyms (n)
intrigue, affair, romanticism, vagary, exaggeration,
(adj) extravagance, (v) court, flirt, exaggerate, woo,
coquet, coquette, dally, mash, philander.
masast desktop; synonyms (n) background,
backcloth, backdrop, ground, scope, setting.
masif solid (kat); synonyms (adj) firm, dense,
compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed,
massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close;
permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid.
maske mask (maskelemek); synonyms (n) cover,
conceal, veil, camouflage, screen, blind, guise,
curtain, pretense, blanket, (v) cloak, disguise, hide,
dissemble, masquerade; antonym (v) disclose.
maskelemek mask (maske); synonyms (n) cover,
conceal, veil, camouflage, screen, blind, guise,
curtain, pretense, blanket, (v) cloak, disguise, hide,
dissemble, masquerade; antonym (v) disclose.
mason mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason,
masraf 1. expenditure; synonyms (n) charge, cost,
savings, 2. cost; synonyms (n) amount, toll,
damage, expenditure, fee, rate, worth, sacrifice,
budget, forfeit, bill, figure, loss, quotation, (v) be, 3.
charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care,
command, commission, tax, accusal, assail, (v)
accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault;
antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 4. drain;
(v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume,
finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v)
bolster, 5. expense; synonyms (n) detriment,
disbursal.
Masraflar expenses; synonyms (n) expenditure,
charge, costs, fee, spending, overheads, payment,
cut, financing, overhead, upkeep, outflow,
payments.
masrafl expensive; synonyms (adj) costly,
sumptuous, dear, extravagant, luxurious, valuable,
lavish, overpriced, exclusive, fine, high, precious,
314
Turkish - English
rich, exorbitant, invaluable; antonyms (adj) cheap,

inexpensive, reasonable, worthless.
mastar 1. gauge (l); synonyms (n) criterion,
caliber, gage, calibre, (v) estimate, measure,
calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon,
forecast, scale, appraise, 2. infinitive; synonym (n)
undefined.
masum 1. innocent; synonyms (adj) harmless, chaste,
artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless,
guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless, gullible,
naive, pure, spotless; antonyms (adj) guilty,
culpable, responsible, wary, wicked, 2. clear
(ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek);

synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent,
distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net,
absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj)
ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict.
matara canteen; synonyms (n) flask, bottle,
estaminet, posada, cafeteria, hall, amphora, bar,
barrel, butt, caldron, carboy, cask, container, crock.
matbaa press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam,
(adj) constrain.
matbaac printer (yazc); synonyms (n) pressman,
matematik mathematics; synonyms (n) math,
arithmetic, maths, mathesis, sums, reckoning.
matkap 1. drill; synonyms (n) exercise, discipline,
practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet, (v) bore,
coach, educate, inculcate, instruct, perforate, pierce,
tap, 2. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece,
shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling.
matris matrix; synonyms (n) die, alembic, caldron,
crucible, groundmass, uterus, matter, monotype,
plasm, impression, mat, diagram, (v) gangue,
course, gang.
maun mahogany; synonym (n) brown.
mavi blue; synonyms (adj) azure, depressed, down,
gloomy, low, cheerless, dejected, dispirited,
downcast, downhearted, naughty, sad, sapphire,
spicy, black.
mayn mine; synonyms (n) dig, excavation, pit, fund,
vein, shaft, (v) excavate, sap, burrow, exploit, bore,
tunnel, undermine, (adj) delve, gouge.
mays may; synonyms (v) can, could, get, might,
acquire, aim, amaze, arrest, arrive, baffle, beat,
become, beget, begin, bewilder.
maymun monkey; synonyms (n) ape, imp, primate,
rascal, scamp, (v) tinker, meddle, tamper, trifle,
cuckoo, echo, imitator.
mazeret 1. excuse (affetmek, balamak,

bahane, zr); synonyms (n) apology, alibi,
evasion, palliate, pretext, color, (v) pardon, absolve,
acquit, condone, exculpate, forgive, justify,
apologise, apologize; antonym (v) punish, 2.
apology (zr); synonyms (n) excuse, plea,
amends, defense, justification, regret, reason,
explanation, vindication, acknowledgment,
apologia, reparation.
maz gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, cheek,
freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate.
mebla sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity,
entirety, mass, count, measure, join, (v) amount,
aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute,
(adj) all.
mecaz metaphor; synonyms (n) allegory, analogy,
parable, trope, fable, figure, comparison,
metonymy, symbol, hyperbole, tralatition, emblem,
hope, personification, story.
mecbur bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce,
limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n)
spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass,
hop; antonym (adj) free.
mecburi 1. compulsory (zorunlu); synonyms (adj)
obligatory, required, binding, involuntary,
mandatory, necessary, imperative, forcible,
essential, requisite, unavoidable; antonyms (adj)
optional, voluntary, 2. forced; synonyms (adj)
compulsory, compelled, bound, artificial,
constrained, unnatural, farfetched, false, labored,
obliged, strained; antonyms (adj) free, unprovoked,
spontaneous.
mecburiyet obligation; synonyms (n) debt, bond,
commitment, duty, liability, charge, burden,
necessity, need, onus, requirement, responsibility,
covenant, job, compulsion; antonym (n) option.
mehul unknown (Bilinmeyen); synonyms (adj)
secret, strange, hidden, unfamiliar, nameless,
obscure, unidentified, anonymous, foreign,
mysterious, new, undiscovered, (n) stranger, alien,
foreigner; antonyms (adj) known, familiar, famous,
recognized, well-known.
meclis 1. council; synonyms (n) assembly, board,
congress, consultation, convention, convocation,
diet, legislature, meeting, cabinet, conclave, 2.
parliament (parlamento); synonyms (n) council,
house, senate, fantan, 3. assembly (montaj);
synonyms (n) gathering, collection, congregation,
cluster, company, concourse, construction, flock,
group, (v) assemblage.
medeni civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic,
affable, gracious, mannerly, municipal, obliging,
public, civilised, attentive, complaisant,
considerate, courtly, domestic; antonyms (adj) rude,
abrupt.
Turkish - English
medeniyet civilization; synonyms (n) culture,
refinement, civilisation, cultivation, enlightenment,
humanity, (adj) civility.
medyan median; synonyms (adj) middle, medial,
mesial, central, intermediate, medium, mid,
normal, (n) mean, average, norm.
medyum medium (orta, ortam); synonyms (adj)
intermediate, fair, mid, (n) average, mediocre,
mean, atmosphere, go-between, instrument, means,
vehicle, agency, channel, environment, mediocrity.
mefhum concept; synonyms (n) conception, notion,
belief, idea, theory, view, vision, construct,
impression, opinion, perception, thought.
mekanik 1. mechanics; synonyms (n) mechanism,
workings, procedure, 2. mechanical; synonyms
(adj) automatic, instinctive, unthinking, automated,
habitual, mechanic, mechanized, perfunctory,
routine, industrial, (v) involuntary, blind; antonym
(adj) manual.
mekanizma 1. mechanism (dzenek); synonyms
(n) apparatus, machinery, appliance, contrivance,
device, machine, action, instrument, mechanics,
agency, gear, vehicle, operation, means, medium,
2. machinery; synonyms (n) enginery, equipment,
plant, mechanism, system, tackle, installation, 3.
machine (makine); synonyms (n) implement, car,
auto, automobile, gadget, organization, tool,
automaton, computer, motorcar, organ, robot,
scheme, utensil, contraption, 4. works; synonyms
(n) factory, workings, mill, manufactory, deeds.
mektep school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class,
sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate,
instruct, train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify,
teach.
mektup letter (harf); synonyms (n) epistle, mail,
character, communication, dispatch, memorandum,
message, note, type, inscription, learning, memo,
missive, ticket, (v) print.
mektuplaan corresponding; synonyms (adj)
congruent, comparable, equal, same, similar,
commensurate, consonant, alike, analogous,
correspondent, equivalent, like, matching, parallel,
mektuplama correspondence (yazma);

synonyms (n) conformity, accord, agreement,
communication, connection, coincidence, concord,
affinity, analogy, congruity, equality, equivalence,
parallel, parallelism, resemblance; antonyms (n)
difference, asymmetry, dissimilarity.
melek angel; synonyms (n) seraph, backer, benefactor,
messenger, patron, saint, darling, (v) sponsor,
support; antonym (n) fiend.
melezlemek cross (ha); synonyms (n) crisscross,
315

melodi strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort,
(v) relax.
meltem breeze; synonyms (n) breath, air, gust, blow,
flurry, gale, rumor, wind, zephyr, (v) move.
memba 1. source (kaynak); synonyms (n) origin,
root, cause, commencement, beginning, reason,
head, parent, basis, derivation, germ, headspring,
original, origination, reference, 2. fountain;
synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source, well, spout,
squirt, wellspring, (v) spring, flow, 3. spring
bound, fountain, skip, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper,
bounce, dive, originate, recoil, proceed, (adj) elastic,
4. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily,
thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, correctly,
(adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) pit, hollow,
(v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick,
meme breast (gs); synonyms (n) bosom, boob,
chest, knocker, tit, titty, mammilla, bust, heart,
mamma, nipple, pap, soul, spirit, (v) front.
memleket 1. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground,
country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate,
nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight,
get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic, 2. country
(lke); synonyms (n) home, land, area,
commonwealth, place, region, territory, district,
nationality, province, terrain, (adj) rural, rustic,
public, provincial; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban.
memnun 1. happy (mutlu); synonyms (adj)
sorrowful, 2. glad; synonyms (adj) jubilant,
delighted, festive, delightful, genial, willing,
beaming, blissful, happy, proud, elated, jovial,
joyful, joyous, lief, 3. content (ierik); synonyms
(n) capacity, contentment, matter, meaning, subject,
substance, contentedness, happiness, (adj) fulfilled,
(v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight, gratify;
antonyms (adj) tormented, discontented,
dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset, 4.
pleased; synonyms (adj) glad, thankful,
appreciative, comfortable, overjoyed, satisfied,
grateful; antonyms (adj) displeased, angry,
annoyed, worried, 5. satisfied; synonyms (v)
convinced, (adj) full, pleased, certain, confident,
sure, complacent, persuaded, sated, satiated, easy,
positive, quenched; antonym (adj) frustrated.
memnuniyet 1. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n)
316
Turkish - English

discontent, 2. pleasure; synonyms (n) delectation,
fun, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination,
amusement, bliss, entertainment, fruition, gladness,
pleasance, satisfaction, desire, festivity; antonyms
(n) anger, irritation, ache, boredom, nuisance.
memnuniyetsizlik dissatisfaction; synonyms (n)
contentment.
memnunluk satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n)
discontent.
memur 1. official; synonyms (adj) formal, functional,
regular, proper, sanctioned, magisterial, (n) officer,
minister, bureaucrat, executive, functionary,
administrator, (v) authoritative, administrative,
authentic; antonyms (adj) unofficial, private, illegal,
informal, 2. officer; synonyms (n) captain,
commander, officeholder, official, agent, manager,
leader, policeman, representative, skipper,
supervisor.
memuriyet service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid,
mendil handkerchief; synonyms (n) hankie, napkin,
cravat, hanky, wipe, collar, (v) cloth.
mendirek mole (kstebek); synonyms (n)
breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol,
spy, blemish, counterspy, groin, growth, (adj)
mound, barrow, hillock, (v) embankment.
menfaat 1. advantage (avantaj, stnlk, yarar);

synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, profit, account,
expediency, good, lead, preponderance, virtue,
perk, boot, avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit;
antonyms (n) drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v)
disadvantage, 2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n)
advantage, assistance, favor, interest, reward,
service, use, welfare, allowance, asset, (v) aid, assist,
help, advance, pay; antonyms (n) loss, (v) harm.
mengene press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam,
(adj) constrain.
meni seed (tohum); synonyms (n) germ, issue,
posterity, root, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus,
brood, embryo, source, beginning, (v) inseminate,

plant, sow.
mene 1. origin (balang, kaynak, kken);

synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth,
descent, ancestry, commencement, derivation,
extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root,
source; antonym (n) end, 2. source (kaynak);
synonyms (n) origin, reason, head, parent, basis,
germ, headspring, original, origination, reference,
seed, spring, reservoir, fount, generator.
men menu; synonyms (n) fare, bill, card, carte, list,
table, food, (v) cuisine.
menzil 1. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go,
fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang,
bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, 2. stage
(sahne); synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree,
level, period, point, arena, layer, chapter, leg,
gradation, (v) present, order, mount, 3. range
(alan, erim); synonyms (n) area, array, compass,
reach, scope, domain, (v) line, arrange, rank, roam,
group, ramble, wander, align, gad, 4. compass
(pusula); synonyms (n) range, circle,
circumference, extent, room, breadth, ambit,
boundary, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish,
achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 5. carry
(nakletmek, tamak); synonyms (v) bear, bring,
convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave, accept,
comport, hold, pack, transport, load, assume,
admit, 6. reach (ulamak, uzatmak); synonyms
(v) overtake, obtain, attain, extend, make, pass,
touch, equal, form, arrive, (n) fetch, stretch, gain,
catch, capacity.
mera field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena,
area, battlefield, domain, ground, place,
discipline, range, realm, section, sphere.
merak 1. curiosity; synonyms (n) wonder, curio,
curiousness, interest, oddity, rarity, nosiness,
prying, prodigy, marvel, novelty, peculiarity, 2.
interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern,
advantage, affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf,
eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care,
benefit, appeal, affect; antonyms (n) indifference,
apathy, (v) bore, 3. cult; synonyms (n) craze,
persuasion, fad, faith, fashion, rage, religion, sect,
denomination, creed, vogue, church, trend, camp,
division, 4. hobby; synonyms (n) amusement,
avocation, cockhorse, pastime, pursuit,
entertainment, diversion, hobbyhorse, recreation,
sideline, activity, 5. concern; synonyms (n)
business, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter,
company, apprehension, burden, disquiet, fear,
firm, (v) worry, trouble, import; antonym (v)
unconcern, 6. worry (zlmek); synonyms (v)
torment, distress, tease, annoy, disturb, molest, vex,
agitate, fret, (n) harass, pain, fuss, annoyance,
Turkish - English
sorrow, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure,
(n) calmness, reassurance.
merakl 1. interested; synonyms (adj) concerned,
curious, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen,
attentive; antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested, 2.
curious; synonyms (adj) abnormal, funny,
interested, odd, peculiar, strange, unusual, bizarre,
extraordinary, quaint, queer, quizzical, remarkable,
singular, weird; antonyms (adj) normal, incurious,
ordinary.
merasim ceremony (tren); synonyms (n) formality,
observance, ritual, service.
mercek 1. lens; synonyms (n) meniscus, sunglass, (v)
glass, barometer, especially, glaze, goblet,
hourglass, photograph, spyglass, tumbler,
weatherglass, 2. objective (ama, hedef, nesnel,
objektif); synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair,
impartial, just, concrete, detached, (n) aim, mark,
goal, object, ambition, design, end, intent,
intention; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 3.
glass (bardak, cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle,
drink, bowl, cup, chalice, glassful, telescope,
window, (adj) ice.
merdiven 1. staircase; synonyms (n) stair, stairway,
stairs, steps, chairlift, entrance, 2. ladder;
synonyms (n) scale, run, washboard, discharge, (v)
bleed, bunk, campaign, carry, consort, course,
draw, endure, escape, execute, extend, 3. stairs;
synonym (n) staircase.
merhaba 1. hello (alo); synonyms (n) greeting, hi,
howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail, 2. hi; synonyms
(int) ciao, (n) hello.
merhamet 1. mercy; synonyms (n) clemency,
compassion, kindness, favor, pity, charity,
forgiveness, grace, humanity, leniency, pardon,
benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter;
antonym (n) blame, 2. compassion; synonyms (n)
mercy, commiseration, sympathy, remorse,
tenderness, condolence, consideration, feeling,
warmth, empathy, tolerance; antonyms (n) cruelty,
indifference, 3. pity (acmak); synonyms (n)
pathos, shame, comfort, sorrow, heart, (v)
commiserate, compassionate, sympathize, condole,
misery, 4. charity (sadaka); synonyms (n)
bounty, dole, aid, generosity, liberality, virtue, gift,
(v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms (n)
miserliness, intolerance.
merhametsiz 1. ruthless; synonyms (adj) merciless,
pitiless, inhuman, remorseless, cruel, heartless,
ferocious, brutal, grim, harsh, inexorable,
relentless, unsparing, barbarous, bitter; antonyms
(adj) merciful, charitable, kind, gentle, 2. hard
(sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave,
severe, strong, arduous, callous, grueling, knotty,
317
tough, alcoholic, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough;

antonyms (adj) easy, soft, simple, soggy, tender,
yielding, (adv) gently, lightly.
merkez 1. centre; synonyms (n) core, middle, heart,
midpoint, (v) center, centralize, concentrate, focus,
2. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) rank,
position, seat, standing, base, depot, (v) place,
locate, post, stand, lay, order, put, set, site, 3. seat
(koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) bench, backside,
behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, posterior, rear,
rump, residence, berth, foundation, home, (v)
contain, hold.
merkezi central; synonyms (adj) basic, capital,
cardinal, fundamental, chief, crucial, important,
inner, key, main, pivotal, primary, centrical, core,
(n) umbilical; antonyms (adj) peripheral, minor,
regional, tangential.
mermer marble; synonyms (n) cheetah, granite,
leopard, (v) foolscap, pillar, table, (adj) rock, flint,
stone, quartz, pellet, bullet, globule, spherule, bulb.
mermi 1. bullet; synonyms (n) shot, round, missile,
pellet, projectile, slug, carcass, grenade, stone,
ammunition, arrow, (adj) globule, spherule, bulb,
drop, 2. missile; synonyms (n) bullet, rocket, bolt,
bomb, explosive, quoit, club, messenger, missive,
weapon, beast, bird, bludgeon, cruise, cudgel.
mertebe extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension,
amplitude, expanse, amount, bulk, compass,
distance, boundary, breadth, dimension, gauge,
length, measure, (v) area.
mesafe 1. distance (uzaklk); synonyms (n) remove,
space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude,
measure, period, place, range, (v) dissociate,
outdistance, outstrip, (adj) length; antonyms (n)
nearness, proximity, closeness, intimacy, (v)
associate, 2. interval (aralk); synonyms (n)
intermission, interruption, break, distance,
interlude, hiatus, interim, pause, respite, span,
cessation, rest, time, delay, interstice, 3. journey
(seyahat, yolculuk); synonyms (n) jaunt,
excursion, expedition, passage, trip, course, flight,
outing, pilgrimage, (v) go, travel, cruise, fare,
navigate, ramble, 4. space (alan, aralk, uzay,
yer); synonyms (n) opening, scope, void, margin,
emptiness, extent, latitude, location, room, field,
volume, berth, area, blank, (v) separate, 5. way
(yol); synonyms (n) method, path, road, route,
track, custom, direction, form, manner, means,
style, fashion, habit, mode, (v) practice.
mesaj 1. message (ileti); synonyms (n)
communication, meaning, information, errand,
letter, mission, dispatch, lesson, note, significance,
statement, word, direction, memorandum, advice,
2. communication (iletiim); synonyms (n)
318
Turkish - English
intercourse, message, news, notice, report, tidings,

expression, language.
meale torch; synonyms (n) flashlight, brand, light,
blowlamp, blowtorch, incendiary, teade,
triggerman, (v) burn.
mesane bladder; synonyms (n) cyst, vesica, balloon,
capsule, utricle, vesicle, calyx, cancelli, newspaper,
pod, (v) inflate.
mee oak; synonyms (adj) oaken, adamant, iron, steel.
mesele 1. matter (konu, madde); synonyms (n)
item, (v) case, count, 2. affair (i); synonyms (n)
matter, job, occasion, occurrence, amour, duty,
happening, party, subject, theme, thing, topic,
transaction, meeting, affaire, 3. question (soru);
synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, problem,
(v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire, interrogate,
investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire,
mistrust; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer, 4.
issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress,
consequence, effect, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow,
emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush,
circulate, 5. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin,
cover, jacket, shell, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric,
instance, suit, carton, action, (adj) patient, 6.
business; synonyms (n) employment, calling,
corporation, deal, occupation, profession, trade,
vocation, work, affairs, commerce, dealings,
finance, firm, house; antonyms (adj) charitable,
housing, 7. problem (problem, sorun);
synonyms (n) bother, conundrum, difficulty,
trouble, knot, enigma, riddle, poser, dilemma,
puzzle, snag, worry, nuisance, mystery, (v)
question, 8. point (gstermek, nokta);
synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim,
degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, apex, (v) head,
direct, level.
megul 1. busy; synonyms (adj) active, brisk,
free, inactive, 2. engaged; synonyms (adj) busy,
betrothed, affianced, employed, engrossed,
reserved, absorbed, working, pledged, bespoken,
booked, immersed, intent, rapt; antonym (adj)
available, 3. concerned; synonyms (adj) anxious,
careful, interested, involved, thoughtful,
apprehensive, considerate, nervous, solicitous,
worried, affected, attentive, caring, fearful,
troubled; antonyms (adj) unconcerned, uncaring,
unfeeling.
mehur famous (nl); synonyms (adj) celebrated,
eminent, splendid, distinguished, famed,
illustrious, renowned, capital, conspicuous,
important, known, notable, notorious, prominent,
stunning; antonyms (adj) unknown, infamous,

ordinary.
mein leather (deri); synonyms (n) fur, fleece, skin,
buckskin, fell, pelt, pigskin, (v) drub, thrash, thresh,
hit.
mesken house (ev); synonyms (n) family, home,
ancestry, (v) accommodate, lodge.
meslek 1. occupation (igal); synonyms (n)
employment, occupancy, business, craft, calling,
job, place, affair, career, conquest, function, line,
profession, vocation, (v) trade; antonym (n)
surrender, 2. job (i); synonyms (n) chore,
position, work, assignment, duty, matter,
occupation, post, task, concern, labor, mission,
office, stint, appointment, 3. profession;
synonyms (n) confession, declaration, affirmation,
assertion, assurance, avowal, testimony, avocation,
allegation, skill, admission, walk, acknowledgment,
art, claim, 4. calling; synonyms (n) call, pursuit, 5.
trade; synonyms (n) deal, barter, commerce, swap,
switch, clientele, interchange, custom, dealing,
market, (v) change, exchange, merchandise,
bargain, sell; antonyms (n) purchase, (adj)
charitable.
mesleki 1. professional (profesyonel); synonyms
(adj) specialist, occupational, competent, technical,
skillful, proficient, skilled, experienced, practiced,
(n) expert, authority, master, pro, maestro, whiz;
antonyms (adj) unpaid, unprofessional, (n) amateur,
2. occupational; synonyms (adj) commercial,
functional, corporate, industrial, job.
mesnet rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant,
repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue,
leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj)
meru 1. lawful; synonyms (adj) legitimate, legal, just,
rightful, constitutional, justifiable, licit, permissible,
regular, right, true, equitable, fair, admissible, (n)
allowable; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, 2.
valid (Geerli); synonyms (adj) sound, genuine,
solid, forcible, substantial, authentic, good,
powerful, strong, cogent, real, effectual, lawful,
hard, competent; antonyms (adj) unacceptable,
invalid, annulled, bogus, illogical.
merubat drink (imek); synonyms (n) beverage,
alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence,
intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib,
absorb, down, gulp.
meruluk legitimacy; synonyms (n) authenticity,
justice, validity, genuineness, truth, fairness.
mesul accountable; synonyms (adj) amenable,
answerable, responsible, (v) liable.
mesut happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj)
Turkish - English
sorrowful.
met flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current,
surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour.
metal metal; synonyms (n) ore, admixture, aggregate,
alloy, clemency, favor, grace, honor, mercy, rock,
character, courage, temper.
meteliksiz broke; synonyms (adj) bankrupt, poor,
impecunious, impoverished, insolvent, penniless,
bust, destitute, ruined, skint, strapped; antonyms
(adj) rich, solvent.
methetmek praise; synonyms (n) compliment,
acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos,
admiration, (v) applaud, approve, commend, extol,
honor, flatter, celebrate, glorify; antonyms (n)
criticism, disparagement, (v) criticize, belittle,
disparage, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, scold,
chastise, denigrate, sully.
metin text; synonyms (n) copy, matter, script, theme,
subject, words, document, book, textbook, topic,
argument, contents, letterpress, manual, passage.
metod method (yntem); synonyms (n) course,
fashion, form, approach, arrangement, custom,
formula, manner, order, plan, system, way, device,
means, mode; antonym (n) disorder.
metodoloji methodology (yntembilim);

synonyms (n) method, attitude, line, organization,
slant, style, system, tactic.
metot method (yntem); synonyms (n) course,
fashion, form, approach, arrangement, custom,
formula, manner, order, plan, system, way, device,
means, mode; antonym (n) disorder.
metre metre; synonyms (n) meter, measure, beat,
rhythm, m, cadence, chiliad, g, grand, molarity,
poem, thou, thousand, yard.
metres mistress; synonyms (n) dame, concubine,
inamorata, madame, lady, lover, missis, master,
owner, schoolmarm, schoolmistress, teacher,
woman, impropriator.
metro 1. underground; synonyms (adj) clandestine,
secret, covert, hidden, undercover, surreptitious,
furtive, stealthy, belowground, guerilla, (n) metro,
subway, tube, (v) buried, underhand, 2. tube
(boru); synonyms (n) pipe, conduit, duct, hose,
channel, cylinder, hosepipe, television, box, piping,
bulb, shaft, roll, tubing, underground.
metruk derelict; synonyms (adj) desolate, delinquent,
abandoned, deserted, forsaken, neglectful,
ramshackle, remiss, negligent, dilapidated,
decrepit, rickety, (n) outcast, tramp, vagabond.
mevcudiyet entity (varlk); synonyms (n) being,
existence, object, thing, whole, article, creature,
essence, individual, item, reality, part, piece.
319
mevcut 1. available; synonyms (adj) accessible, free,

possible, attainable, convenient, handy, obtainable,
open, ready, uncommitted, usable, vacant, valid,
(adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj)
engaged, 2. present (armaan, hediye);
synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift, donation, (v)
bestow, display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver,
donate, offer, perform, gratuity, award; antonyms
(adj) missing, (n) past, future, history, (v) withdraw,
(adv) absent, 3. supply (tedarik etmek);
synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, (v) furnish,
stock, afford, fill, store, feed, provide, cater,
contribute, equip, outfit, produce.
mevduat deposit; synonyms (n) charge, residue,
guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit,
store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v)
withdraw.
mevki 1. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place,
bench, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks,
chair, position, post, posterior, (v) locate, put,
contain, hold, 2. place (yer); synonyms (n)
domicile, office, order, spot, attitude, job, location,
(v) arrange, fix, lay, rank, station, deposit, install,
pitch; antonym (v) remove, 3. location (Konum,
yer); synonyms (n) localization, orientation, berth,
emplacement, lieu, locale, locating, scene, setting,
bearing, address, placement, positioning, seat, site,
4. position (konum); synonyms (n) condition,
employment, opinion, set, arrangement, posture,
situation, stance, stand, status, case, disposition, (v)
grade, point, pose, 5. standing; synonyms (n)
fame, importance, prestige, reputation, footing,
class, repute, prominence, (adj) erect, motionless,
continuance, permanent, stagnant, stationary,
upright, 6. state (devlet, durum, eyalet);
synonyms (n) nation, say, country, kingdom, show,
(v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm,
allege, announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national;
antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 7. station (durak,
istasyon); synonyms (n) standing, depot, dignity,
quarter, room, state, appointment, sphere, degree,
estate, garrison, department, (v) establish, ground,
localize, 8. site; synonyms (n) space, area, locality,
settle, habitat, (v) invest, 9. status (durum);
synonyms (n) caste, circumstance, character,
circumstances, level, juncture, eminence, shape,
stature, title, link, peg, scale, (adj) precedence, pas,
10. situation; synonyms (n) matter, aspect,
environment, function, form, context, pass,
predicament, billet, event, occurrence, plight, thing,
crisis, bureau.
mevsim 1. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space,
spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt,
mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj)
harden, habituate, 2. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n)
320
Turkish - English
current, flow, stream, course, drift, run, time, race,

rush, (v) wave, flood, surge, billow, noonday.
mevsimlik seasonal; synonyms (adj) cyclic, periodic,
intermittent, recurrent, seasonable, continuing,
drifting, itinerant, migrant, migratory, nomadic,
odd, perennial, recurring, regular.
mevsimsiz premature; synonyms (adj) early,
precocious, untimely, immature, forward,
inopportune, previous, rash, unripe.
mevzu subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
mevzuat 1. legislation; synonyms (n) lawmaking,
legislating, law, conduct, government, gubernation,
passage, administration, constitution, nomology, 2.
regulations; synonyms (n) policy, system,
convention.
meydan 1. square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even,
correspond, (adv) just, 2. room (oda); synonyms
(n) chamber, latitude, occasion, apartment, hall,
house, opening, opportunity, expanse, extent, flat,
margin, cabin, field, (v) board.
meyhane 1. pub; synonyms (n) bar, pothouse,
barroom, inn, saloon, taphouse, ginmill, lounge,
drinkery, gashouse, 2. saloon; synonyms (n) pub,
sedan, taproom, tavern.
meyil 1. bias (nyarg); synonyms (n) penchant,
drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle,
bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj)
partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality,
neutrality, fairness, 2. gradient; synonyms (n)
grade, pitch, tilt, declivity, hill, inclination, incline,
rise, abruptness, descent, ramp, (v) acclivity, ascent,
3. slope; synonyms (n) dip, decline, fall, gradient,
brae, hillside, drop, side, (v) cant, lean, bank, tip,
descend, sway, (adj) obliquity, 4. inclination
(eilim); synonyms (n) disposition, desire, fancy,
affection, leaning, tendency, appetite, bias,
proclivity, disposal, liking, mind, predisposition,
propensity, set; antonyms (n) disinclination,
reluctance, 5. tendency; synonyms (n) trend,
direction, course, movement, predilection,
aptitude, strain, taste, aptness, habit, intention,
attitude, tenor, way, (v) aim, 6. trend (eilim);
synonyms (n) fashion, fad, vogue, mode, run, craze,
(v) style, tend, sheer, verge, deviate, veer, bend,
conduce, contribute.
meyilli inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique,
meyve fruit; synonyms (n) effect, crop, outgrowth,
product, consequence, issue, produce, production,
yield, development, (v) result, return, building,

edifice, erection.
mezar 1. grave; synonyms (adj) austere, critical,
serious, severe, solemn, earnest, bad, dangerous,
deep, grand, important, sad, sedate, (v) acute,
engrave; antonyms (adj) mild, frivolous, funny, 2.
tomb; synonyms (n) grave, sepulchre, crypt,
mezarlk cemetery; synonyms (n) graveyard,
churchyard, necropolis, charnel, catacomb, crypt,
garden, headstone, mortuary, ossuary,
polyandrium, sepulcher.
mezat 1. auction; synonyms (n) bidding, vendue,
angle, cant, portsale, bargain, corner, hypocrisy,
jam, niche, (v) auctioneer, sale, sell, demand,
market, 2. sale (sat); synonyms (n) fair, disposal,
vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings,
emission, escape, festival, fte, inn, publication, (adj)
cheap.
mezhep 1. cult; synonyms (n) craze, persuasion, fad,
faith, fashion, rage, religion, sect, denomination,
creed, vogue, church, trend, camp, division, 2.
order (dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek, sra);

mess, (v) disorder, request, 3. religion (din);
synonyms (n) piety, cult, devotion, holiness.
meziyet merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert,
excellence.
mezun graduate; synonyms (n) alum, alumna,
alumnus, grad, grade, connoisseur, file, licentiate,
organize, sort, wrangler, (v) calibrate, catalogue,
pass, divide.
mide 1. stomach; synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite,
belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept, brook,
abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj)
digest, 2. belly (gbek, karn); synonyms (n)
bulge.
midilli pony; synonyms (n) crib, horse, nag, trot,
clavis, jigger, tat, beast, cattle, charger, chigger, cot,
courser, cribbage, hack.
mifer helmet (kask); synonyms (n) casque, helm,
hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor,
aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate,
brigandine, buckler.
mihrap altar; synonyms (n) shrine, sacristy,
sanctuary.
mihver axis (eksen); synonyms (n) axle, pivot, hinge,
center, hub, spindle, stem, pin.
Turkish - English
mikrodalga microwave; synonyms (v) cook,
atomise, atomize, fix, nuke, warm, zap, vaporize.
mikrofon 1. microphone; synonym (n) mike, 2.
mike; synonym (n) microphone.
miktar 1. amount; synonyms (n) number, quantity,
aggregate, measure, sum, total, degree, extent,
figure, price, volume, body, bulk, cost, (v) come, 2.
quantity (nicelik); synonyms (n) amount,
multitude, quantum, portion, heap, capacity, deal,
magnitude, mass, value, dimension, measurement,
piece, dose, length, 3. deal (anlama); synonyms
(n) bargain, buy, agreement, arrangement,
covenant, trade, (v) administer, allot, apportion,
conduct, contract, cope, distribute, truck, assign;
antonym (n) purchase, 4. measure (lmek,
l, nlem); synonyms (n) criterion, beat,
benchmark, estimate, meter, act, allotment, action,
bill, (v) grade, appraise, assess, evaluate, fathom,
gauge, 5. number (numara, numaralamak,
rakam, say, saymak); synonyms (n) count, score,
issue, character, company, digit, numeral, quota, (v)
calculate, enumerate, add, account, compute, list,
reckon, 6. dose; synonyms (n) potion, dosage,
draught, medicine, share, batch, doctor, shot,
contingent, dividend, pill, (v) drug, 7. volume
(cilt, hacim, oylum); synonyms (n) size, book,
intensity, loudness, tome, journal, content,
strength, contents, plenty, dimensions, space, (adj)
pot, sight, power; antonym (n) quietness, 8.
quantum; synonym (n) amplitude, 9. portion
(para, porsiyon); synonyms (n) part, division,
constituent, component, fragment, parcel, section,
dole, allowance, destiny, fate, fortune, (v) lot,
divide, dispense.
mil 1. mile; synonyms (n) knot, burl, gnarl, grayback,
(v) cubit, ell, fathom, foot, furlong, hand, inch, line,
nail, palm, rood, 2. shaft; synonyms (n) arrow,
handle, axis, beam, pit, dart, pillar, axle, bar, lance,
mine, post, ray, well, (v) cheat.
millet 1. nation (ulus); synonyms (n) state, country,
kingdom, commonwealth, community, land,
people, nationality, public, tribe, clan, folk,
republic, race, territory, 2. people (halk);
synonyms (n) nation, family, multitude, populace,
mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, inhabitants, kin, (v)
inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell, live, 3. country
(lke); synonyms (n) home, area, place, realm,
region, soil, district, province, terrain, arena, (adj)
rural, rustic, provincial, arable, pastoral; antonyms
(n) city, (adj) urban, 4. folk; synonyms (n) kindred,
kinsfolk, man, persons, house.
milletleraras international (uluslararas);

synonyms (adj) worldwide, global, intercontinental,
universal, external, away, broad, comprehensive,
extensive, extraneous, important, major, outside,
321
significant, sweeping; antonyms (adj) national,

insular, local.
milletvekili deputy; synonyms (n) agent, surrogate,
alternate, delegate, substitute, ambassador,
assistant, replacement, representative, vicar,
spokesman, envoy, help, (adj) proxy, acting.
milliyet nationality; synonyms (n) nation,
nationalism, patriotism, people, civism, race, folk,
nationalness, birth, origin, residency, rights.
milliyeti nationalist; synonyms (adj) nationalistic,
chauvinistic, jingoistic, separatist, superpatriotic,
ultranationalistic, (n) patriot, loyalist, compatriot,
partisan.
milliyetilik nationalism; synonyms (n) chauvinism,
patriotism, loyalty, partisanship, xenophobia,
devotion.
milyar billion; synonym (v) milliard.
milyon million; synonyms (n) meg, myriad, heap,
mint.
mimar architect; synonyms (n) creator, designer,
founder, inventor, maker, originator, producer,
artificer, author, builder, engineer, generator,
manufacturer; antonym (n) destroyer.
mimari 1. architecture; synonyms (n) building,
frame, constitution, construction, framework,
structure, formation, composition, edification,
design, carcass, shape, engineering, planning, (v)
organism, 2. architectural; synonym (adj) tectonic.
mimarlk architecture (mimari); synonyms (n)
building, frame, constitution, construction,
framework, structure, formation, composition,
edification, design, carcass, shape, engineering,
planning, (v) organism.
mineral mineral; synonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) rock,
petroleum, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone.
Minibs van; synonyms (n) caravan, vehicle, front,
truck, vanguard, carriage, car, bus, conveyance,
head, (v) automobile, train.
minicik 1. tiny; synonyms (adj) little, minute,
huge, gigantic, vast, large, 2. wee; synonyms (adj)
tiny, teensy, weeny, bittie, bitty, miniature, teentsy,
(n) pee, (v) piss, make, piddle.
minnettar grateful; synonyms (adj) thankful,
ungrateful.
minnettarlk 1. gratitude; synonyms (n)
appreciation, thanks, acknowledgment, feeling,
anger, benediction, conviction, credit, recognition,
resentment, tribute, honor, impression, merit,
obligation; antonym (n) ingratitude, 2.
appreciation; synonyms (n) admiration, approval,
awareness, conception, estimation, grasp, praise,
322
Turkish - English
respect, taste, understanding, adoration, wonder,

approbation, discernment, (v) sense; antonym (n)
depreciation.
minr minor (kk, nemsiz); synonyms (adj)
little, inferior, insignificant, junior, lesser, lower,
small, inconsequential, less, marginal, negligible,
petty, secondary, (n) child, juvenile; antonyms (adj)
major, important, significant, basic, chief,
fundamental, leading, main, overriding,
superseding, serious, considerable, extensive,
greater, senior.
mntka zone (blge); synonyms (n) area, district,
region, section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer,
division.
minyatr miniature; synonyms (adj) little,
diminutive, tiny, slight, minute, model, small, wee,
midget, dwarf, teeny, infinitesimal, (n) toy, copy,
illumination; antonyms (adj) enormous, extra-large,
full-scale, full-size, large, (n) huge.
miras 1. legacy; synonyms (n) bequest, devise,
heritage, inheritance, heirloom, estate, will, gift,
leftover, 2. inheritance (kalt); synonyms (n)
heredity, legacy, dowry, appanage, acquisition,
dower, genetics, (v) descent, 3. heritage;
synonyms (n) birthright, patrimony, tradition,
ancestry, origin.
miras heir; synonyms (n) beneficiary, inheritor,
offspring, successor, descendant, heritor, progeny,
receiver, scion.
misafir 1. guest (konuk); synonyms (n) stranger,
caller, alien, customer, visitor, foreigner, client,
visitant, 2. company; synonyms (n)
companionship, society, association, band,
business, cohort, collection, brigade, assemblage,
bevy, club, companion, corps, crew, (v) accompany;
antonym (n) solitude.
misafirperverlik hospitality; synonyms (n)
generosity, friendliness, welcome, kindness,
amiability, warmth, flexibility, hospitableness,
hospitage, housekeeping, xenodochy,
accommodation, affability, companionship,
comradeship; antonym (n) unfriendliness.
misal example (rnek); synonyms (n) case,
exemplar, illustration, instance, lead, sample,
design, guide, model, paradigm, pattern,
precedent, prototype, archetype, piece.
msr corn; synonyms (n) maize, clavus, cereals,
callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed, keep.
Misket marble; synonyms (n) cheetah, granite,
leopard, (v) foolscap, pillar, table, (adj) rock, flint,
stone, quartz, pellet, bullet, globule, spherule, bulb.
msra verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme,
antonym (n) prose.
misyon mission; synonyms (n) commission,

delegation, deputation, job, assignment, charge,
duty, goal, legation, chore, delegacy, errand, task,
function, business.
mit myth; synonyms (n) fable, legend, story, tale,
allegory, fiction, fabrication, figment, tradition,
conceit, maggot.
miting 1. meeting; synonyms (n) confluence,
convention, gathering, concourse, assembly,
conference, congress, council, appointment, caucus,
encounter, junction, meet, convocation, conclave;
antonym (n) divergence, 2. rally; synonyms (n)
meeting, (v) banter, gather, muster, congregate,
convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge,
mobilize, recover, ridicule, tease, jeer; antonym (v)
demobilize.
miyar standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model,
normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n)
degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm,
rate, gauge, benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual,
unconventional, special.
miza 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
modality, (v) humor, 2. vein (damar); synonyms
(n) streak, vena, nervure, strain, mine, stripe, tone,
cast, style, fund, funicle, stock, (adj) strip, 3.
nature; synonyms (n) character, disposition, class,
essence, creation, quality, breed, attribute,
constitution, manner, mettle, temperament, type,
genus, (adj) kind, 4. disposition; synonyms (n)
bent, attitude, disposal, tendency, arrangement,
bias, inclination, predisposition, propensity,
direction, aptitude, array, distribution, heart,
leaning, 5. temperament; synonyms (n) nature,
personality, spirit, composure, equanimity,
calmness, modulation, morale.
mizah humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
mizansen scene; synonyms (n) aspect, view,
background, display, environment, outlook,
panorama, picture, spectacle, lookout, perspective,
act, appearance, look, (v) prospect.
mobil mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid,
mobilya furniture; synonyms (n) equipment,
appointments, goods, fitting, movable, thing,
movables, upholstery, apparatus, apparel,
commodity, appurtenances, attire, (v) stuff,
garniture.
mod mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion,
manner, method, form, way, condition, custom,
Turkish - English
guise, style, wise, appearance, approach, fad,
modality.
moda 1. fashion; synonyms (n) cut, mode, craze, fad,
manner, method, way, custom, guise, (v) form,
construct, contrive, cast, create, make, 2. in;
synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through, at,
inside, (adv) indoors, inward, (n) inch, (adj) stylish,
fashionable, inwards, trendy, within, modish;
antonyms (prep) out, outside, 3. mode (kip);
synonyms (n) means, fashion, condition, style, wise,
appearance, approach, modality, process, rage,
system, type, vogue, kind, habit, 4. fashionable;
synonyms (adj) elegant, classy, current, popular,
chic, dressy, dashing, genteel, modern, newfangled,
posh, rakish, smart, swanky, swell; antonyms (adj)
unfashionable, unpopular, old-fashioned, 5. rage;
synonyms (n) fury, wrath, anger, passion, frenzy,
exasperation, madness, mania, chafe, (v) fume,
bluster, storm, (adj) indignation, flame, ire.
model 1. model (manken, rnek); synonyms (n)
form, fashion, example, image, dummy, figure,
prototype, frame, lesson, archetype, design, (v)
copy, pattern, imitate, shape; antonym (adj)
atypical, 2. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model,
mold, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement,
configuration, exemplar, formula, guide, make,
original, paradigm, (v) mould, 3. specimen;
synonyms (n) sample, instance, person, illustration,
representative, type, 4. design (proje,
tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme,
conception, drawing, device, idea, intent,
contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch,
construct, arrange; antonym (n) chance, 5. sample
(rnek); synonyms (n) specimen, assay, case, piece,
precedent, appetizer, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay,
prove, sip, bit, (adj) test, trial, 6. standard
(standart); synonyms (adj) normal, regular,
average, criterion, flag, rate, gauge, benchmark,
canon, column; antonyms (adj) unusual,
Modern 1. contemporary; synonyms (adj)
contemporaneous, modern, current, new, present,
recent, up-to-date, topical, existing, fashionable,
fresh, simultaneous, coetaneous, (n) coeval, equal;
antonyms (adj) past, old, old-fashioned, 2.
modern; synonyms (adj) late, advanced, latest,
contemporary, novel, stylish, innovative, chic,
latter, modernistic, modish, newfangled, young,
groundbreaking, (n) neoteric; antonyms (adj)
ancient, antiquated, prehistoric, traditional,
conservative, neurotic, old-time, primordial.
modl module; synonyms (n) faculty, part, paradigm,
subarray, bay, classes, constituent, course,
diameter, lessons, program, protoplast, curriculum,
piece, section.
323
mola 1. break; synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail,

infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture,
stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension;
antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n)
continuation, 2. pause (duraklamak); synonyms
(n) break, intermission, rest, gap, interval, breather,
cessation, hesitation, (v) halt, adjournment, delay,
hesitate, desist, cease, (adj) discontinue; antonyms
(n) decisiveness, (v) continue.
molekl molecule; synonyms (n) atom, corpuscle,
grain, iota, jot, particle, bit, mote, speck.
moment 1. moment (an); synonyms (n) importance,
consequence, flash, instant, jiffy, minute, import,
bit, second, time, weight, hour, matter, juncture,
magnitude, 2. momentum; synonyms (n)
impetus, impulse, force, drive, impulsion, pace,
thrust, velocity, moment, power, propulsion,
speed, progress; antonym (n) inertia.
monitr monitor (izlemek); synonyms (v) check,
regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe, supervise, (n)
admonisher, dame, ironclad, moderator.
montaj assembly; synonyms (n) gathering, meeting,
collection, congregation, convention, fabrication,
multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster,
company, conclave, concourse, (v) assemblage.
mor purple; synonyms (adj) mauve, violet, imperial,
lilac, regal, royal, embellished, majestic, (n)
empurpled, magenta, purpleness, damask, ermine,
mantle, (v) empurple.
moral morale; synonyms (n) spirit, confidence,
temperament, character, feelings, mood, selfesteem, attitude, drive, esprit, humor, outlook,
resolve, self-confidence, self-possession.
mostra sample (rnek); synonyms (n) example,
essay, (adj) test.
motif 1. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n)
antonym (n) chance, 2. motif; synonyms (n) design,
motive, pattern, subject, theme, figure, text, matter,
tune, badge, base, chorus, composition, crest,
emblem.
motivasyon motivation (gd); synonyms (n)
motive, impulse, cause, incentive, reason, spur,
impetus, force, grounds, motif, provocation,
stimulus, drive, inspiration.
motor 1. engine (lokomotif, makine); synonyms
(n) locomotive, machine, contrivance, implement,
instrument, mechanism, organ, tool, utensil, 2.
motor; synonyms (n) engine, automobile, car,
conductor, (adj) motive, (v) drive, ride, travel.
motosiklet 1. cycle (bisiklet); synonyms (n) bicycle,
circle, round, ring, sequence, circuit, period, turn,
324
Turkish - English
bout, beat, run, age, (v) bike, motorcycle, wheel, 2.

bike; synonyms (n) motorbike, (v) cycle.
mozaik mosaic; synonyms (n) tesserae, strigae,
mixture, assortment, hodgepodge, mishmash,
mixoploid, (adj) tessellated, heterogeneous,
complex, motley, speckled, variegated, (v) plaid,
tesselated.
muaf immune; synonyms (adj) exempt, free,
impervious, resistant, sacred, secure, privileged,
allowed, excused, favored, insubordinate,
irresponsible, licensed, repellent, resistive.
muafiyet immunity; synonyms (n) exemption,
vulnerability.
muamele 1. dealing; synonyms (n) commerce, trade,
transaction, deal, exchange, business, concern,
conduct, dealings, distribution, handling, traffic,
barter, 2. treatment (tedavi); synonyms (n) cure,
management, manipulation, therapy, medication,
remedy, reception, attention, medicine, method,
usage, use, discourse, (v) behavior, treat, 3. deal
(anlama); synonyms (n) bargain, buy, agreement,
arrangement, covenant, convention, compact, (v)
administer, allot, apportion, contract, cope,
distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n) purchase.
muamma mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum,
explanation.
muavenet help (imdat, yardm, yardm etmek);

muavin 1. help (imdat, yardm, yardm etmek);

hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 2.
assistant (asistan, yardmc); synonyms (adj)
ancillary, adjunct, (n) accessory, subordinate,
acolyte, accomplice, auxiliary, colleague, helper,
adjutant, aide, associate, attendant, coadjutor,
deputy.
muayene 1. examination; synonyms (n) audit, check,
exam, search, test, consideration, exploration,
inquiry, investigation, study, survey, testing,
contemplation, analysis, (adj) examen, 2.
inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n)
examination, review, surveillance, scrutiny,
observation, oversight, sight, supervision, view,
watch, inquisition, look, reconnaissance, research,
(v) inspect, 3. test (snamak); synonyms (n) trial,
audition, experiment, measure, criterion, (v) assay,
essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, try, analyze,

attempt, (adj) experimental.
muayenehane surgery; synonyms (n) operation,
chirurgery, act, functioning, or, performance,
procedure, process, treatment.
muazzam 1. enormous; synonyms (adj) big, colossal,
huge, immense, vast, excessive, exorbitant, great,
large, prodigious, tremendous, stupendous,
gargantuan, giant, gigantic; antonyms (adj) minute,
small, tiny, insignificant, miniature, 2. mighty;
synonyms (adj) enormous, grand, powerful, intense,
high, forcible, strong, mammoth, cogent,
formidable, hardy, potent, violent, massive,
forceful, 3. huge (kocaman); synonyms (adj)
extensive, elephantine, ample, considerable, jumbo,
monstrous, monumental, heavy, untold, bulky,
cavernous, cosmic, extreme, hefty, infinite.
mbarek 1. holy (kutsal); synonyms (adj) devout,
divine, godly, heavenly, religious, blessed,
hallowed, spiritual, devotional, celestial, pious,
pure, pietistic, sanctified, sainted; antonym (adj)
secular, 2. sacred (kutsal); synonyms (adj) holy,
consecrated, dedicated, inviolable, consecrate,
devoted, sacrosanct, saintly, sublime, venerable,
biblical, (v) solemn, majestic, imposing; antonym
(adj) profane.
mcadele 1. conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat,
contention (ekime); synonyms (n) competition,
argument, argumentation, conflict, assertion,
controversy, discord, allegation, arguing, claim,
opposition, quarrel, race, enmity, affray, 3.
contest; synonyms (n) bout, altercation, struggle,
debate, feud, game, match, fray, (v) compete,
contend, argue, challenge, war, controvert, discuss.
mcevherat jewellery; synonyms (n) jewel, jewelry.
mucize 1. miracle; synonyms (n) marvel, wonder,
prodigy, phenomenon, surprise, wonderwork,
event, sensation, 2. wonder (hayret); synonyms
(v) admire, query, question, reflect, speculate, (n)
admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle,
muse, wonderment, appreciation, awe, curiosity,
portent.
mdahale intervention (araya girme); synonyms
(n) intercession, interference, intermediation,
intervene, arbitration, hindrance, intermission, (adj)
mediation, interposition.
mddet time (saat, sre, zaman); synonyms (n)
hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era,
measure, season, day, spell, age, instant, interval,
space, tempo; antonym (n) death.
mdr 1. manager (ynetici); synonyms (n)
director, administrator, coach, executive, head,
leader, boss, chief, controller, governor, handler,
Turkish - English
superintendent, superior, supervisor, ruler;
antonym (n) underling, 2. director (ynetici);
synonyms (n) commander, manager, chairman,
guide, master, principal, captain, officer, inspector,
instructor, overseer, pilot, trainer, (v) conductor,
direct, 3. administrator (ynetici); synonym (n)
official.
mfetti 1. inspector; synonyms (n) examiner,
supervisor, auditor, controller, investigator,
superintendent, assessor, director, manager,
overseer, reviewer, surveyor, visitor, administrator,
husband, 2. supervisor (deneti); synonyms (n)
boss, chief, foreman, executive, head, inspector,
superior, keeper, curator, custodian, steward,
governor, guardian, leader, officer, 3.
superintendent; synonyms (n) caretaker, super,
janitor, master, ruler, warden.
mulak ambiguous (belirsiz); synonyms (adj)
equivocal, indistinct, indeterminate, uncertain,
evasive, slippery, amphibolous, confused, cryptic,
doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, imprecise, indefinite,
(v) vague; antonyms (adj) clear, definite,
unambiguous, unequivocal.
muhabbet 1. affection (sevgi); synonyms (n) affect,
charity, attachment, fondness, affectionateness,
disease, feeling, heart, kindness, liking, love,
tenderness, admiration, care, (v) regard; antonym
(n) hatred, 2. love (ak, sevgi, sevgili, sevmek);
synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, benevolence,
beloved, darling, devotion, honey, sweetheart,
favor, (v) cherish, enjoy, like, worship, (adj) flame;
antonyms (n) abhorrence, aversion, (v) hate, dislike,
abhor.
muhabir 1. reporter; synonyms (n) newsman,
commentator, correspondent, journalist, columnist,
reviewer, newsperson, newswoman, (v) informant,
intelligencer, authority, 2. correspondent;
synonyms (n) reporter, equivalent, writer, (adj)
analogous, concordant, parallel, corresponding,
equal, appropriate, alike, conformable, fit, (v)
congruous, consonant, accordant.
muhafaza 1. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage,
barrier, enclosing, pen, hedge, addition, sty, case,
envelopment, fencing, inclosure, insert, railing,
ring, 2. conservation (koruma); synonyms (n)
maintenance, preservation, upkeep, keep, custody,
protection; antonym (n) destruction, 3.
preservation; synonyms (n) conservation,
keeping, care, salvation, saving, security, creation;
antonyms (n) extinction, release, 4. protection
(koruma); synonyms (n) defense, cover, defence,
guardianship, shelter, aegis, auspices, shield,
bulwark, escort, charge, lee, patronage, precaution,
(v) guard.
muhafazakr conservative; synonyms (adj)
moderate, bourgeois, conventional, cautious,
reactionary, unprogressive, careful, right,
325
hidebound, orthodox, safe, traditional, intolerant,

(n) square, traditionalist; antonyms (adj) activist,
wide-ranging, (n) liberal, radical.
muhafz 1. guard (beki); synonyms (n) defend,
guardsman, (v) shield, keep, 2. guardian;
synonyms (n) custodian, guard, defender, protector,
champion, curator, warden, keeper, patron, shelter,
steward, backer, (adj) protective, custodial, tutelary,
3. keeper; synonyms (n) guardian, warder,
caretaker, owner, custos.
muhakeme reasoning; synonyms (n) inference,
argumentation, deduction, argument, logic, sense,
judgment, reason, thought, analysis, philosophy,
(adj) rational, conscious, mental.
muhakkak 1. certain; synonyms (adj) actual, definite,
sure, absolute, assured, dependable, indisputable,
reliable, categorical, decisive, fixed, inevitable,
infallible, particular, (v) bound; antonyms (adj)
uncertain, doubtful, unsure, questionable, 2. sure;
synonyms (adj) certain, secure, safe, firm, confident,
positive, fast, guaranteed, indubitable, stable, true,
unerring, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced;
antonym (adj) hesitant, 3. certainly; synonyms
(adv) assuredly, surely, necessarily, definitely,
really, truly, inevitably, absolutely, clearly, exactly,
indeed, indubitably, positively, undeniably, (int)
yes; antonyms (adv) doubtfully, questionably, 4.
doubtless; synonyms (adv) questionless,
undoubtedly, presumably, probably,
unquestionably, (adj) certes, 5. surely; synonyms
(adv) confidently, firmly, securely, (adj) doubtless.
muhalefet opposition; synonyms (n) contrast,
conflict, antithesis, contrary, contrariety,
antagonism, enemy, hostility, opponent, opposite,
competition, contradiction, antagonist, antipathy,
aversion; antonym (n) consent.
muhalif opponent (aleyhtar); synonyms (n) enemy,
antagonist, adversary, competitor, foe, contrary,
contestant, foeman, opposition, match, opposer,
opposite, rival, challenger, (adj) opposing;
antonyms (n) ally, supporter, follower.
Muhallebi pudding; synonyms (n) pud, sweet, gut,
puddening, (adj) butter, clay, curd, dough, jam, pap,
gelatinous, pulp, rob, taste, wax.
muharebe battle (sava); synonyms (n) combat,
contest, struggle, clash, conflict, war, action,
fighting, fray, scuffle, (v) fight, brawl, encounter,
quarrel, scrap.
muhasebe 1. accounting; synonyms (adj) clerical,
office, secretarial, (n) bookkeeping, account,
accountancy, chronicle, explanation, grounds,
history, story, 2. accountancy; synonym (n)
accounting.
muhasebeci accountant; synonyms (n) auditor,
teller, cashier, controller, almoner, liquidator, clerk,
326
Turkish - English
accomptant, comptroller, logothete, questor,

receiver, steward, trustee, (adj) accountable.
muhasebecilik accountancy; synonyms (n)
accounting, account.
muhasip accountant (muhasebeci); synonyms (n)
auditor, teller, cashier, controller, almoner,
liquidator, clerk, accomptant, comptroller,
logothete, questor, receiver, steward, trustee, (adj)
accountable.
mhendis engineer; synonyms (n) architect,
mastermind, machinist, (v) devise, conduct,
contrive, direct, organize, plan, construct, finagle,
fix, guide, hatch, manage.
mhendislik engineering; synonyms (n) mechanism,
technology, architecture, business, commerce,
complicity, machinery, trade, production, (adj)
manufacturing.
mhim important (nemli); synonyms (adj)
essential, grave, fundamental, significant, chief,
crucial, key, remarkable, serious, earnest,
authoritative, big, central, consequential,
considerable; antonyms (adj) unimportant,
insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low,
worthless.
mhimmat ammunition (cephane); synonyms (n)
ammo, munition, shot, bullet, armament, missile,
bullets, explosive, fuel, narcotic, ball, bombs,
buckshot, cannonball, chemical.
muhit surroundings; synonyms (n) medium,
atmosphere, environment, environs, setting,
habitat, neighborhood, milieu, scene, ambiance,
background, situation, surround, vicinity,
ambience.
muhta dependent (baml); synonyms (adj)
subject, subordinate, contingent, addicted,
tributary, relative, secondary, (n) dependant,
charge, adjective, attendant, follower, servant,
slave, vassal; antonyms (adj) independent, selfgoverning, self-sufficient.
muhtasar brief; synonyms (adj) concise, short,
abridge, little, summary, transient, short-lived,
abrupt, abbreviated, brusque, compendious, curt,
(n) abstract, digest, (v) compact; antonyms (adj) long,
long-drawn-out, long-winded, permanent, lengthy,
time-consuming.
muhtemel 1. probable; synonyms (adj) credible,
likely, plausible, possible, potential, feasible,
hopeful, convincing, believable, specious,
conceivable, presumptive, verisimilar, apparent;
antonyms (adj) unlikely, improbable, 2. likely;
synonyms (adj) probable, expected, apt, prospective,
imaginable, disposed, future, alike, like, promising,
prone, thinkable, (adv) possibly, belike, probably, 3.
prospective; synonyms (adj) coming, eventual,
imminent, impending, forthcoming, latent,
budding, immediate, near, approaching, awaited,
considered, looked-for, planned, promised.
muhtemelen 1. probably; synonyms (adv)

presumably, maybe, perhaps, belike, believably,
credibly, apparently, possibly, plausibly, (adj) likely,
doubtless, like, 2. easily (kolayca); synonyms
(adv) lightly, comfortably, readily, well, easy,
handily, simply, smoothly, swimmingly, naturally;
antonyms (adv) awkwardly, hardly, 3. perhaps
(belki); synonyms (adv) mayhap, peradventure,
perchance, probably; antonym (adv) definitely, 4.
presumably; synonyms (adv) presumptively,
seemingly, supposedly, allegedly, superficially,
credible, doubtlessly, hypothetically, indubitably,
reasonably, surely, theoretically, unquestionably.
muhterem reverend; synonyms (adj) venerable,
revered, reverenced, (n) cleric, preacher, clergyman,
parson, rector, priest, vicar, minister, reverence.
muhteem 1. grand (byk); synonyms (adj)
excellent, gorgeous, dignified, elevated, eminent,
exalted, important, majestic, superb, beautiful,
high, massive, (n) glorious, noble, (v) great;
antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 2.
splendid (grkemli); synonyms (adj) fine,
illustrious, magnificent, brilliant, grand, royal,
gallant, proud, admirable, good, impressive,
luxurious, resplendent, shining, imposing;
antonym (adj) poor, 3. gorgeous; synonyms (adj)
attractive, gaudy, rich, wonderful, gay, costly,
delicious, delightful, handsome, lovely, opulent,
pretty, showy, splendid, striking; antonym (adj)
ugly, 4. magnificent; synonyms (adj) grandiose,
elegant, divine, exquisite, fabulous, stately, brave,
awesome, marvelous, mighty, outstanding,
palatial, pompous, regal, spectacular.
muhtra memorandum; synonyms (n) memo, note,
memorial, entry, letter, memoranda, notice, record.
mhr seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp,
mhrlemek seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark,
stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression,
signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock,
(adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal.
mukaddes sacred (kutsal); synonyms (adj) hallowed,
holy, consecrated, dedicated, divine, religious,
pious, blessed, inviolable, spiritual, consecrate,
celestial, devoted, (v) solemn, majestic; antonyms
(adj) secular, profane.
mukavele 1. covenant; synonyms (n) contract,
compact, bond, arrangement, pact, concord, deed,
testament, (v) agreement, bargain, promise, vow,
agree, pledge, undertake, 2. contract; synonyms
(n) charter, (v) covenant, concentrate, condense,
narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle,
abbreviate, diminish, lessen, (adj) abridge, shorten;
antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch.
Turkish - English
mukavemet resistance; synonyms (n) opposition,
mukavva 1. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council,
accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2.
cardboard; synonyms (n) card, (adj) flimsy, paper,
ponderous, unlifelike, fragile, light, slight, tenuous,
thin.
mukayese comparison; synonyms (n) analogy,
mkemmel 1. excellent; synonyms (adj) choice,
estimable, admirable, superior, capital, beautiful,
distinctive, brilliant, fantastic, fine, good, great,
magnificent, marvelous, (n) worthy; antonyms (adj)
inferior, poor, abysmal, awful, mediocre, 2.
perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj) consummate,
complete, exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough,
exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, (v) achieve,
accomplish, (n) absolute, full; antonyms (adj)
imperfect, faulty, flawed, 3. fine (gzel, ince,
iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty,
brave, elegant, excellent, nice, thin, delightful,
acute, alright, glorious, (n) penalty, amercement, (v)
punish; antonyms (adj) thick, coarse, substantial,
unsatisfactory, wide, 4. splendid (grkemli);
synonyms (adj) gorgeous, illustrious, grand, noble,
royal, gallant, proud, impressive, luxurious,
majestic, resplendent, shining, imposing, lustrous,
costly, 5. superb; synonyms (adj) splendid, rich,
super, fabulous, stately, sublime, terrific,
wonderful, stunning, rare, grandiose, perfect, regal,
stupendous, first-rate, 6. absolute (mutlak, saf,
tam); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total,
unconditional, categorical, real, unqualified, actual,
arbitrary, authoritative, certain, conclusive,
dictatorial, extreme, (n) positive; antonyms (adj)
partial, qualified, 7. elegant (k, zarif);
synonyms (adj) graceful, courtly, polite, refined,
dressy, artistic, charming, chic, classy, cultured,
debonair, neat, pretty, smart, urbane; antonyms
(adj) clumsy, inelegant, scruffy, ugly, plain, tacky, 8.
great (byk); synonyms (adj) eminent, famous,
gigantic, big, distinguished, extensive, large, chief,
ample, celebrated, considerable, dignified, massive,
spacious, voluminous; antonyms (adj) small,
insignificant, tiny, mild, 9. finished; synonyms (v)
done, (adj) completed, ended, accomplished,
polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round, capable,
decided, final, concluded, exhausted, (adv) over;
327
antonyms (adj) unfinished, incomplete, remaining,

rough, 10. grand (byk); synonyms (adj)
elevated, exalted, important, superb, high, heroic,
huge, immense, lordly, vast, spectacular,
enormous, showy, solemn, (n) earnest; antonyms
(adj) unimpressive, humble, modest.
mkemmelletirmek perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms
(adj) consummate, complete, exact, utter, entire,
faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless,
clean, (v) achieve, accomplish, (n) absolute, full;
antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed.
mkemmellik 1. perfection; synonyms (n)
excellence, consummation, ideal, maturity,
paragon, completeness, completion, finish, crown,
development, flawlessness, ripeness, integrity,
complete, perfect; antonym (n) imperfection, 2.
excellence; synonyms (n) distinction, eminence,
advantage, goodness, superiority, virtue, greatness,
quality, value, (adj) merit, worth, desert, mastery;
antonym (n) inferiority.
muktedir able; synonyms (adj) capable, clever,
competent, dexterous, accomplished, adroit,
consummate, effective, expert, fit, gifted, ingenious,
endowed, (n) efficient, talented; antonyms (adj)
incapable, incompetent, inept, unable, untrained,
weak.
mlk 1. estate; synonyms (n) condition, land,
demesne, order, rank, domain, acres, property,
state, substance, category, class, fortune, ground,
heritage, 2. possession (iyelik); synonyms (n)
occupancy, occupation, ownership, keeping, goods,
tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy,
colony, custody, (v) acquisition, 3. property
(zellik); synonyms (n) characteristic, capital,
peculiarity, feature, belongings, character, nature,
place, wealth, faculty, thing, assets, (adj) attribute,
quality, (v) possession.
mlkiyet 1. ownership (sahiplik); synonyms (n)
control, proprietorship, occupancy, possession,
tenure, title, hold, (adj) property, claim, right, 2.
property (zellik); synonyms (n) characteristic,
capital, peculiarity, feature, belongings, character,
asset, estate, goods, nature, place, wealth,
substance, (adj) attribute, quality.
mlteci refugee; synonyms (n) fugitive, emigrant,
exile, migrant, expatriate, outcast.
Multimedya multimedia; synonym (n) disc.
mum candle; synonyms (n) candela, light, taper,
cadmium, luminary, wick, (v) check, investigate,
scrutinize.
mmessil representative (temsilci); synonyms (adj)
characteristic, typical, model, (n) agent, delegate,
deputy, envoy, proxy, ambassador, emissary,
instance, member, substitute, congressman, (v)
represent.
mmkn 1. feasible; synonyms (adj) practicable,
possible, probable, fit, achievable, available,
328
Turkish - English
credible, doable, likely, practical, realizable, viable,

attainable, executable, plausible; antonym (adj)
impossible, 2. possible; synonyms (adj)
conceivable, imaginable, feasible, earthly, maybe,
potential, thinkable, workable, believable, eventual,
prospective, reasonable, latent; antonyms (adj)
unlikely, compulsory.
mumya mummy; synonyms (n) mama, mamma,
mammy, mom, momma, mommy, mum, mater,
am, milliampere, secrecy, skeleton, (v) shrivel.
mnakaa argument (tartma); synonyms (n)
controversy, debate, matter, proof, reason, hassle,
altercation, arguing, brawl, clash, contention,
difference, disagreement, discussion, fight;
antonyms (n) agreement, harmony.
mnasip 1. proper; synonyms (adj) appropriate,
correct, due, decent, fit, just, agreeable, apt,
becoming, befitting, decorous, fitting, legitimate,
modest, right; antonyms (adj) improper,
inappropriate, unseemly, wrong, rude, 2. suitable
(uygun); synonyms (adj) good, proper, convenient,
eligible, apposite, desirable, pertinent, respectable,
fitted, adequate, compatible, competent, expedient,
opportune, (n) seasonable; antonym (adj) unsuitable.
mnhal vacant (bo); synonyms (adj) empty, blank,
hollow, bare, devoid, free, idle, unfilled,
unoccupied, void, expressionless, deserted, open,
vacuous, inane; antonyms (adj) full, occupied.
muntazam 1. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even,
secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable,
cool, incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm,
intermittent, unreliable, 2. regular (dzenli,
normal); synonyms (adj) normal, orderly, steady,
common, customary, general, methodical,
ordinary, formal, accurate, correct, habitual,
proper, (n) familiar, (v) conventional; antonyms (adj)
irregular, erratic, inconsistent, unusual, variable,
asymmetrical, extraordinary, straight.
muntazaman regularly; synonyms (adv) often,
generally, always, customarily, frequently,
normally, repeatedly, usually, commonly,
continually, evenly, ever, habitually, methodically,
mostly; antonyms (adv) inconsistently, unusually,
constantly.
mphem 1. ambiguous (belirsiz); synonyms (adj)
equivocal, indistinct, indeterminate, uncertain,
evasive, slippery, amphibolous, confused, cryptic,
doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, imprecise, indefinite,
(v) vague; antonyms (adj) clear, definite,
unambiguous, unequivocal, 2. vague; synonyms
(adj) obscure, ambiguous, faint, undefined,
undetermined, feeble, dim, fuzzy, hazy, nebulous,
shadowy, lax, general, intangible, (v) loose;
antonyms (adj) distinct, exact, particular, precise,
specific, sure.
mrekkep ink; synonyms (n) mark, notoriety,

publicity, (v) sign, subscribe, autograph, blacken,
contract, employ, engage, hire, (adj) raven, sloe,
smut, jet.
mrekkeplemek ink (mrekkep); synonyms (n)
mark, notoriety, publicity, (v) sign, subscribe,
autograph, blacken, contract, employ, engage, hire,
(adj) raven, sloe, smut, jet.
mrettebat crew; synonyms (n) company, cluster,
band, bunch, gang, party, assemblage, crowd,
faction, group, set, side, team, assembly,
association.
msaade 1. permission (izin); synonyms (n)
consent, license, permit, approval, authority, leave,
liberty, licence, agreement, assent, authorization,
dispensation, pass, sanction, (v) allowance;
antonym (n) refusal, 2. leave (brakmak);
synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert,
quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, (n) furlough, holiday,
permission, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive,
enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come, 3.
permit (izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow,
give, admit, let, bear, endure, have, agree, legalize,
enable, suffer, tolerate, warrant, (n) charter, (adj)
grant; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent, prohibit,
stop.
msait convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable,
commodious, handy, advantageous, appropriate,
expedient, fit, near, nearby, opportune, ready,
timely, useful, snug, (n) favorable; antonyms (adj)
inconvenient, fixed, unwieldy, useless.
msamaha tolerance (hogr); synonyms (n)
endurance, allowance, indulgence, leniency,
patience, lenience, margin, permissiveness,
consideration, kindness, leeway, forbearance,
mercy, approval, permission; antonyms (n)
intolerance, narrow-mindedness, bigotry,
chauvinism, extremism.
mavir adviser; synonyms (n) advisor, consultant,
counselor, counsel, guide, prompter, teacher, agent,
assistant, confidante, dealer, dictator, herald,
informer, instructor.
mfik 1. kind (tr); synonyms (n) form, helpful,
sort, benign, brand, breed, class, gentle, type,
variety, (adj) friendly, generous, good, humane,
affectionate; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel,
hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful,
uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 2.
soft; synonyms (adj) easy, light, limp, balmy,
delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby,
flaccid, frail, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard,
alcoholic, shrill, strong, 3. tender; synonyms (adj)
painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate,
fond, mild, caring, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n)
offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, rubbery.
Turkish - English
329
musiki music (mzik); synonyms (n) harmony,
mstesna exceptional; synonyms (adj) special,
melody, chorus, musical, composition, sound,

euphony, medicine, refrain, din, entertainment,
gayety, glee, (adj) decreasing, increasing.
muska charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal,
spell, attraction, conjure, (v) attract, captivate,
bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile,
capture, enamor; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness,
(v) repel.
musluk tap; synonyms (n) pat, dab, hit, bang, strike,
stroke, touch, blow, (v) knock, rap, broach, bug,
beat, eavesdrop, exploit.
mstakbel future; synonyms (adj) unborn, coming,
antonym (n) past.
abnormal, excellent, extraordinary, particular,

prodigious, singular, uncommon, exceeding,
outstanding, rare, single, superior, unique,
unusual; antonyms (adj) common, mediocre,
ordinary, average, normal, usual, abysmal, inferior,
poor.
msvedde draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill,
conscription, sketch, check, drawing, (v) draught,
outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, plan,
recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v) discharge.
mteahhit 1. contractor; synonyms (n) builder,
entrepreneur, party, undertaker, affirmer, asserter,
avower, dealer, declarer, outworker, broker,
freelancer, merchant, seller, 2. builder; synonyms
(n) architect, constructor, founder, artificer, creator,
developer, maker, manufacturer, artist, engineer.
mteakip 1. following; synonyms (adj) consequent,
next, ensuing, subsequent, consecutive, later,
posterior, succeeding, (v) consequential, (n)
entourage, chase, followers, pursuit, (adv) under,
after; antonym (adj) preceding, 2. subsequent;
synonyms (adj) following, second, coming, latter,
sequential, successive, postnate; antonym (adj)
previous.
muteber valid (Geerli); synonyms (adj) legal,
sound, right, genuine, solid, forcible, substantial,
authentic, good, legitimate, powerful, rightful,
strong, true, cogent; antonyms (adj) unacceptable,
invalid, annulled, bogus, illogical.
mtehasss specialist (uzman); synonyms (adj)
expert, specialized, specialistic, choice, luxury,
premium, (n) authority, professional, connoisseur,
craftsman, doctor, epicurean, physician, source,
specializer; antonym (n) amateur.
mutemet trustee; synonyms (n) fiduciary, guardian,
regent, consignee, keeper, steward, custodian,
questor, receiver.
mteekkir grateful; synonyms (adj) thankful,
ungrateful.
mtevelli trustee; synonyms (n) fiduciary, guardian,
regent, consignee, keeper, steward, custodian,
questor, receiver.
mutfak kitchen; synonyms (n) cookroom, basement,
offices, pantry, scullery, stomach.
mthi 1. awful; synonyms (adj) abominable,
appalling, awesome, dreadful, fearful, terrible,
atrocious, bad, horrible, nasty, alarming, amazing,
deplorable, detestable, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj)
excellent, great, marvelous, wonderful, lovely, nice,
pleasant, 2. fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid,
cowardly, anxious, apprehensive, awful, craven,
timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, dastardly,
desperate, direful, frightened; antonyms (adj) brave,
calm, rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 3.
mstakil separate (ayrmak, ayr, blmek);

synonyms (adj) detached, (v) detach, divorce, part,
insulate, scatter, cut, dissociate, disconnect,
discrete, discriminate, disjoin, disperse, distinguish,
divide; antonyms (adj) connected, joined,
simultaneous, (v) unite, merge, mix, combine, fuse,
join, link, associate.
mstehcen dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul,
(adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean.
mterek 1. joint (birleik, eklem, mafsal, ortak);

unilateral, private, separate, 2. common (adi,
ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap,
usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean,
mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, banal, (n)
habitual; antonyms (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual,
exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 3. collective;
synonyms (adj) aggregate, general, joint,
cumulative, generic, community, corporate, social,
unanimous, united, (n) commune, group; antonyms
(adj) capitalist, distributive, 4. mutual (karlkl,
ortak); synonyms (adj) reciprocal, alternate,
concerted, shared, commutual, interchangeable;
antonym (adj) one-sided.
mteri 1. customer (alc); synonyms (n) consumer,
buyer, patron, client, guest, purchaser, shopper,
fellow, passenger, person, spender; antonym (n)
seller, 2. client (alc, mvekkil); synonym (n)
customer, 3. buyer (alc); synonyms (n) emptor,
user, vendee; antonym (n) vendor, 4. purchaser;
synonym (n) punter.
330
Turkish - English
devastating; synonyms (adj) destructive,

annihilating, crushing, ruinous, stunning,
disastrous, tremendous, withering, annihilative,
calamitous, 4. formidable; synonyms (adj)
arduous, grim, difficult, forbidding, heavy, dread,
onerous, redoubtable, stiff, tough, herculean,
rugged, serious, hard, laborious, 5. terrific;
synonyms (adj) fantastic, shocking, brilliant,
enormous, fabulous, magnificent, marvellous,
splendid, super, superb, extraordinary, grand,
rattling, howling, outstanding.
mutlak absolute (saf, tam); synonyms (adj)
downright, peremptory, total, unconditional,
positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified.
mutlu 1. happy (memnun); synonyms (adj)
sorrowful, 2. content (ierik); synonyms (n)
capacity, contentment, matter, meaning, subject,
substance, contentedness, (adj) happy, fulfilled, (v)
appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight, gratify;
antonyms (adj) tormented, discontented,
dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset.
mutluluk happiness; synonyms (n) delight,
enjoyment, blessedness, bliss, cheerfulness,
contentment, ecstasy, felicity, gladness, luck,
merriment, welfare, beatitude, joy, rapture;
antonyms (n) unhappiness, sadness, despair, grief,
misery, dissatisfaction.
mutlulukla happily; synonyms (adv) fortunately,
gladly, blissfully, cheerfully, joyfully, joyously,
luckily, merrily, providentially, blithely, brightly,
gayly; antonyms (adv) sadly, unhappily,
unfortunately, (v) miserably.
mutsuz unhappy; synonyms (adj) unfortunate,
depressed, dismal, gloomy, melancholy, sad,
disconsolate, distressed, infelicitous, low,
miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast,
mournful; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, pleased,
satisfied.
mttefik 1. allied; synonyms (adj) akin, related,
confederate, cognate, connected, united, joined,
associated, confederative, kindred, linked, near,
relative; antonyms (adj) rival, unrelated, 2. ally;
synonyms (n) accomplice, companion, friend,
colleague, partner, accessory, adherent, assistant,
auxiliary, (v) affiliate, align, support, band, (adj)
associate, coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, foe,
opponent.
muvakkat temporary (geici); synonyms (adj)
ephemeral, passing, temporal, acting, momentary,
fleeting, impermanent, provisional, transient,
transitory, brief, fugitive, stopgap, irregular,
substitute; antonyms (adj) permanent, continuous,

enduring, eternal, everlasting, long-term.
mvekkil client (alc, mteri); synonyms (n)
buyer, customer, patron, guest, purchaser,
consumer, spender.
muzaffer triumphant; synonyms (adj) jubilant,
victorious, successful, triumphal, exulting,
winning, conquering, elated, gleeful, joyful,
prideful, rejoicing, (v) exultant; antonym (adj)
unsuccessful.
mzakere 1. debate; synonyms (n) argue,
argumentation, contention, argument, controversy,
disputation, (v) contest, dispute, contend,
altercation, controvert, discuss, canvass, altercate,
consider; antonym (v) agree, 2. negotiation;
synonyms (n) mediation, bargain, parley,
transaction, arbitration, diplomacy, dealing, talks.
mze museum; synonyms (n) gallery, depository,
landmark, treasury.
mzik music; synonyms (n) harmony, melody,
chorus, musical, composition, sound, euphony,
medicine, refrain, din, entertainment, gayety, glee,
(adj) decreasing, increasing.
mzikal musical; synonyms (adj) melodious,
harmonious, melodic, canorous, sweet, tuneful,
pleasing; antonym (adj) discordant.
mziksever musical; synonyms (adj) melodious,
harmonious, melodic, canorous, sweet, tuneful,
pleasing; antonym (adj) discordant.
muzip wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, bad, evil,
sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, mischievous,
hellish; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind, moral,
pious, pure.
muzr harmful; synonyms (adj) baneful, destructive,
detrimental, disadvantageous, hurtful, injurious,
noxious, dangerous, damaging, deleterious, evil,
maleficent, adverse, bad, baleful; antonyms (adj)
harmless, healthy, safe, helpful.
mzisyen musician; synonyms (n) player,
instrumentalist, minstrel, singer, actor, artiste,
virtuoso.
mzmin 1. confirmed; synonyms (adj) chronic,
inveterate, assured, habitual, constant, affirmed,
definite, established, fixed, ingrained, set, valid,
accustomed; antonyms (adj) unconfirmed,
unproven, 2. chronic (kronik); synonyms (adj)
confirmed, continuous, frequent, persistent,
prolonged, regular, repeated, usual, (v) permanent;
antonym (adj) temporary.
N
nabz pulse; synonyms (n) beat, impulse, pulsation,
heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence,
Turkish - English
measure, pulsing, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate,
pound, vibrate.
nadir 1. rare; synonyms (adj) extraordinary,
uncommon, exceptional, infrequent, precious,
scarce, seldom, thin, unusual, few, choice, curious,
fine, odd, peculiar; antonyms (adj) common,
frequent, ordinary, 2. uncommon; synonyms (adj)
rare, singular, special, strange, unaccustomed,
abnormal, occasional, remarkable, queer, different,
irregular, unfamiliar, unwonted, distinctive,
eccentric; antonym (adj) typical, 3. unique
(benzersiz, tek); synonyms (adj) only, individual,
solitary, alone, distinct, incomparable, inimitable,
matchless, sole, unequaled, unparalleled, exclusive,
single, particular, peerless; antonym (adj) recurring,
4. unusual; synonyms (adj) quaint, exotic,
unprecedented, anomalous, bizarre, fantastic,
funny, notable, unconventional, unnatural,
unorthodox, fresh, new, phenomenal, uncanny;
antonyms (adj) usual, normal, customary, familiar,
conventional, routine.
nadiren 1. rarely; synonyms (adv) seldom,
infrequently, hardly, uncommonly, unusually,
little, exceptionally, scarcely; antonyms (adv)
frequently, often, usually, 2. seldom; synonyms
(adv) rarely, occasionally, (adj) scarce, rare, few,
infrequent.
nafaka maintenance (bakm); synonyms (n)
livelihood, alimony, care, keep, living, sustenance,
charge, conservation, continuation, custody,
preservation, service, support, sustainment,
sustentation; antonym (n) end.
nafile useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless,
name 1. air (hava, havalandrmak); synonyms (n)
tune, appearance, manner, atmosphere, look,
melody, strain, face, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show,
transmit, vent, weather, aerate, 2. tune; synonyms
(n) song, air, concord, harmony, note, consonance,
music, sound, tone, line, (v) adjust, regulate, chant,
attune, string, 3. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed,
effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift,
tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull;
antonym (v) relax.
naho unpleasant; synonyms (adj) disagreeable,
harsh, nasty, obnoxious, offensive, ugly, sour,
awkward, bad, forbidding, repulsive, hard, rude,
abhorrent, bitter; antonyms (adj) pleasant,
agreeable, delightful, attractive, comfortable,
enjoyable, nice, wonderful, charming.
nakarat 1. repeat (tekrarlamak, yinelemek);
331
iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite, 2.
chorus; synonyms (n) ensemble, refrain,

acclamation, song, tune, (v) choir, chant, (adv)
descant, glee, madrigal, catch, 3. burden;
synonyms (n) load, anxiety, pack, strain, bale, care,
cargo, concern, core, (v) bother, weight, burthen,
clog, trouble, afflict; antonyms (v) relieve,
unburden.
nakil transport; synonyms (n) rapture, (v) transfer,
transmit, bear, carry, delight, enrapture, exile,
banish, convey, enchant, ferry, ravish, send, take;
antonyms (v) disenchant, remain.
nakit cash (para); synonyms (n) ready, bread, capital,
change, funds, money, coin, coins, currency,
exchange, means, needful, wealth, (v) encash,
liquidate; antonym (n) credit.
nakletmek 1. carry (tamak); synonyms (v) bear,
bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave,
accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load,
assume, admit, 2. convey; synonyms (v) carry,
communicate, channel, express, fetch, transfer,
transmit, impart, mean, cause, cede, consign,
deliver, ferry, grant, 3. transfer (aktarma,
aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment,
transference, (v) change, remove, shift, exchange,
send, commit, give, interchange, move, pass,
transplant, delegate; antonym (v) keep, 4. ship
(gemi); synonyms (n) boat, craft, bottom, (v)
dispatch, forward, embark, post, charge, mail, 5.
communicate; synonyms (v) advertise, advise,
announce, apprise, commune, intimate, relay,
reveal, acquaint, divulge, render, return, share,
talk, tell, 6. transport; synonyms (n) rapture,
transportation, shipping, ecstasy, (v) delight,
enrapture, exile, banish, enchant, ravish, entrance,
run, haul, ship, deport; antonyms (v) disenchant,
remain.
nakliye 1. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport,
posture, (v) bearing, 2. freight (navlun);
synonyms (n) cargo, load, burden, lading,
consignment, freightage, shipment, goods, loading,
merchandise, payload, weight, (v) carry, ship, lade,
3. shipping; synonyms (n) freight, transportation,
moving, carrying, craft, ecstasy, exaltation, rapture,
raptus, transferral, vehicle.
nakliyeci carrier (tayc); synonyms (n) bearer,
messenger, courier, mailman, porter, postman,
vehicle, transport, envoy, bag, channel, container,
emissary, newsboy, solvent.
nalbant smith; synonyms (n) metalworker, architect,
artificer, artist, bricklayer, builder, maker,
manufacturer, mason, craftsman.
synonyms (v) recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate,

rehearse, reiterate, return, double, duplicate,
332
Turkish - English
nallamak shoe (ayakkab); synonyms (n) boot,

horseshoe, skid, clog, splint, spoke, sprit, base,
stilts, stirrup, galoshes.
nam 1. name (ad, isim); synonyms (n) call, title,
epithet, address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize,
describe, cite, designate, entitle, enumerate,
identify, list, mention, 2. fame (n); synonyms (n)
credit, distinction, report, reputation, bruit, honor,
prestige, renown, buzz, eminence, hearsay, kudos,
(v) celebrity, cry, esteem; antonyms (n) infamy,
obscurity, anonymity, 3. reputation; synonyms (n)
fame, name, face, character, notoriety, prominence,
repute, standing, glory, rank, estimation,
importance, respect, account, (v) regard.
namevcut 1. absent (yok); synonyms (adj) off,
wanting, inattentive, absentminded, abstracted,
faraway, lost, missing, nonexistent, out,
preoccupied, (adv) away; antonym (adj) present, 2.
missing (eksik); synonyms (adj) lacking, absent,
gone, deficient, misplaced.
namus 1. honesty (drstlk); synonyms (n)
candor, fairness, integrity, justice, candidness,
equity, frankness, probity, chastity, decency, faith,
honestness, morality, rectitude, (adj) fidelity;
antonyms (n) dishonesty, deceit, deception,
deviousness, treachery, wickedness, 2. honour;
synonyms (n) award, accolade, innocence,
awarding, (v) esteem, honor, respect, celebrate,
observe, reward, comply, detect, discover, find,
follow; antonym (v) dishonor.
namuslu 1. honest (drst); synonyms (adj) fair,
genuine, equitable, good, sincere, artless, candid,
clean, decent, dependable, faithful, forthright,
frank, guileless, heartfelt; antonyms (adj) dishonest,
corrupt, guarded, lying, misleading, disloyal,
unwholesome, 2. upright; synonyms (adj)
perpendicular, straight, erect, vertical, just,
righteous, honest, honorable, plumb, right, true,
virtuous, pure, moral, (n) column; antonyms (adv)
horizontally, (adj) disreputable, prone, upturned,
degenerate, hanging, 3. honourable; synonyms
(adj) estimable, ethical, 4. straight (dz);
synonyms (adv) level, directly, frankly, due,
immediately, (adj) even, flat, upright, correct,
proper, accurate, immediate, consecutive, neat, (v)
direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved,
lopsided, 5. respectable; synonyms (adj)
reputable, considerable, decorous, creditable,
passable, becoming, goodish, goodly, hefty,
modest, sizable, tidy, worthy, appropriate,
honourable.
namzet candidate (aday); synonyms (n) applicant,
aspirant, contestant, contender, hopeful, nominee,
prospect, suitor, amateur, campaigner.
nara cry (alamak, barmak, feryat); synonyms


narin 1. fragile; synonyms (adj) dainty, delicate, frail,
breakable, brittle, flimsy, weak, faint, feeble, fine,
slim, frangible, insubstantial, shaky, slender;
antonyms (adj) strong, unbreakable, substantial,
sturdy, permanent, robust, 2. delicate; synonyms
(adj) accurate, fragile, refined, tender, beautiful,
difficult, nice, sensitive, soft, agreeable, infirm,
careful, decent, elegant, exquisite; antonyms (adj)
inelegant, heavy, tough, 3. slight; synonyms (adj)
thin, lean, little, meager, petty, remote, (n) scorn,
disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore,
affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable,
major, fat, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide,
4. slender; synonyms (adj) narrow, lithe, slight,
gaunt, lissom, scanty, skinny, exiguous, minute,
graceful, lissome, poor, small, (v) lank, scant;
antonyms (adj) plump, stocky.
nasihat 1. advice (t); synonyms (n) admonition,
caution, counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction,
intelligence, monition, notice, report, tidings,
advisement, announcement, communication,
direction, 2. counsel (avukat, t, t
vermek); synonyms (n) advocate, attorney,
consultation, counselor, guidance,
recommendation, (v) advice, advise, consult,
admonish, confer, exhort, urge, warn, direct.
nasl how; synonyms (adv) whereby, however,
whence, nevertheless, nonetheless,
notwithstanding, withal, yet.
nasr corn (msr); synonyms (n) maize, clavus,
cereals, callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed,
keep.
navlun freight; synonyms (n) cargo, load, burden,
lading, consignment, freightage, shipment, goods,
loading, merchandise, payload, weight, (v) carry,
ship, lade.
naylon nylon; synonym (n) polyamide.
nazar 1. eye (gz); synonyms (n) optic, opinion,
peeper, (v) behold, see, view, gaze, stare, look,
watch, glance, glimpse, examine, eyeball, regard, 2.
look (bak, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem,
appear, expect, figure, attend, eye, (n) face,
guise, cast, feel.
nazari theoretical (kuramsal, teorik); synonyms
(adj) hypothetical, abstract, speculative, theoretic,
ideal, academic, conjectural, impractical; antonyms
(adj) practical, concrete, real, scientific.
nazariye theory (kuram, teori); synonyms (n)
supposition, assumption, conjecture, guess,
hypothesis, speculation, idea, opinion, surmise,
belief, presumption, thought, concept, postulation,
postulate; antonym (n) fact.
Turkish - English
nazarlk charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal,
spell, attraction, conjure, (v) attract, captivate,
bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile,
capture, enamor; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness,
(v) repel.
nazik 1. gentle; synonyms (adj) clement, calm, easy,
friendly, soft, affable, balmy, kind, mild, tame,
feeble, amiable, benign, bland, (n) benevolent;
antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, harsh, loud,
violent, rough, abrupt, hardhearted, heavy,
sarcastic, sheer, steep, 2. decent; synonyms (adj)
proper, adequate, appropriate, acceptable,
becoming, comely, decorous, honest, modest,
respectable, right, seemly, sufficient, chaste, ethical;
antonyms (adj) immoral, unwholesome,
inappropriate, disreputable, filthy, inadequate,
indecent, unsuitable, 3. civil; synonyms (adj) polite,
courteous, civic, gracious, mannerly, municipal,
obliging, public, civilised, attentive, complaisant,
considerate, courtly, domestic, genteel; antonym
(adj) rude, 4. kind (tr); synonyms (n) form,
helpful, sort, brand, breed, class, gentle, type,
variety, description, (adj) generous, good, humane,
affectionate, charitable; antonyms (adj) unkind,
callous, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring,
upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 5. fragile;
synonyms (adj) dainty, delicate, frail, breakable,
brittle, flimsy, weak, faint, fine, slim, frangible,
insubstantial, shaky, slender, puny; antonyms (adj)
strong, unbreakable, substantial, sturdy,
permanent, robust, 6. delicate; synonyms (adj)
accurate, fragile, refined, tender, beautiful, difficult,
nice, sensitive, agreeable, infirm, careful, decent,
elegant, exquisite, light; antonyms (adj) inelegant,
tough, 7. sweet (tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved,
delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable,
melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary,
charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj)
sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent,
sharp, salty, 8. tender; synonyms (adj) painful,
loving, sore, compassionate, fond, caring,
immature, (v) proffer, present, propose, give, (n)
offer, bid, overture, proposal; antonyms (adj) hard,
rubbery, 9. polite; synonyms (adj) cultured, civil,
chivalrous, civilized, cultivated, polished, gallant,
gentlemanly, respectful, smooth, thoughtful,
urbane, well-bred, diplomatic, ladylike; antonyms
(adj) impolite, bad-mannered, discourteous,
boorish.
nazike gently; synonyms (adv) gradually, mildly,
tenderly, soft, delicately, kindly, lightly, meekly,
quietly, softly; antonyms (adv) abruptly, cruelly,
fiercely, forcefully, harshly, severely, sharply,
violently, intensely, roughly.
nazm verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme,
333

antonym (n) prose.
ne 1. how (nasl); synonyms (adv) whereby, however,
whence, nevertheless, nonetheless,
notwithstanding, withal, yet, 2. whatever;
synonyms (adj) any, whatsoever, (pron) what, partly,
somewhat, whatso, whosoever, (adv) anyway,
regardless.
nebze shadow (glge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost,
obscure, overshadow.
neden 1. cause; synonyms (n) case, action, occasion,
account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do,
induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender;
antonym (n) consequence, 2. why; synonyms (adv)
so, (n) wherefore, reason, grounds, conundrum,
enigma, mystery, proof, riddle, (adj) indeed, 3.
reason; synonyms (n) mind, intellect, argument,
object, purpose, rationality, understanding,
explanation, (v) cause, argue, debate, conclude,
deduce, discuss, ground, 4. occasion; synonyms
(n) event, chance, episode, happening, incident,
juncture, motive, opportunity, circumstance,
matter, affair, (v) create, raise, generate, inspire, 5.
motive (gd); synonyms (n) impulse, incentive,
incitement, inducement, motif, motivation, subject,
design, stimulus, urge, end, mainspring, (v) aim,
consideration, (adj) impulsive, 6. point
(gstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade,
peak, nib, edge, article, degree, dot, mark, spot,
phase, apex, (v) head, direct, level, 7. room (oda);
synonyms (n) chamber, latitude, apartment, hall,
house, opening, expanse, extent, flat, margin, area,
cabin, field, leeway, (v) board.
nedeniyle for (nk, iin); synonyms (prep) because,
behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj)
considering, since, (adv) against, as, therefore,
hence.
nefes 1. breath (soluk); synonyms (n) spirit, wind,
air, inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze,
flash, flatus, gust, instant, jiffy, respite, (adj)
whisper, 2. wind (Rzgar, sarmak); synonyms
(n) clue, gale, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn,
bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll,
weave.
nefis 1. exquisite; synonyms (adj) beautiful, elegant,
delicate, excellent, dainty, gorgeous, admirable,
acute, choice, heavenly, wonderful, charming, fair,
fine, (v) delightful; antonym (adj) everyday, 2.
delicious; synonyms (adj) appetizing, pleasing,
agreeable, delectable, enjoyable, lovely, luscious,
savory, sweet, toothsome, grateful, fragrant,
exquisite, juicy, pleasant; antonym (adj) tasteless.
nefret 1. hate; synonyms (v) abhor, detest, abominate,
loathe, despise, scorn, (n) dislike, enmity,
abhorrence, animosity, detestation, hatred,
334
Turkish - English
abomination, antipathy, aversion; antonyms (v)

love, like, adore, 2. hatred; synonyms (n) disgust,
grudge, anger, antagonism, hostility, odium,
rancor, resentment, execration, distaste, loathing,
malice, repugnance, revulsion, (v) hate; antonyms
(n) adoration, liking, 3. disgust; synonyms (n)
horror, nausea, repulsion, dismay, (v) sicken,
nauseate, shock, displease, outrage, pall, repel,
appall, repulse, revolt, horrify; antonyms (n)
attraction, (v) delight, attract, 4. horror; synonyms
(n) awe, fear, alarm, fright, anxiety, apprehension,
atrocity, consternation, dreadfulness, ghastliness,
trepidation, nightmare, awfulness, (adj) dread,
terror; antonym (n) pleasantness.
negatif negative (olumsuz); synonyms (adj) minus,
nehir river (rmak); synonyms (n) creek, flow,
current, waterway, watercourse, (v) brook, stream,
burn, bayou, beck, (adj) water.
nem 1. moisture; synonyms (n) humidity, damp,
dampness, wet, moistness, vapor; antonym (n)
dryness, 2. damp; synonyms (adj) moist, muggy,
clammy, cool, dank, humid, (v) break, check, chill,
deaden, benumb, cut, dampen, (n) moisture,
clamminess; antonym (adj) dry.
nemli 1. moist; synonyms (adj) humid, damp, wet,
clammy, dank, muggy, dampish, soggy, wettish,
juicy, sodden, sticky, watery, dripping, marshy;
antonym (adj) dry, 2. damp; synonyms (adj) moist,
cool, (v) break, check, chill, deaden, benumb, cut,
dampen, depress, discourage, dishearten, (n)
dampness, moisture, clamminess; antonym (n)
dryness.
nere where (nerede, nereye); synonyms (adv) there,
here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein,
anyplace, whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while,
(pron) everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation.
nerede where (nereye); synonyms (adv) there, here,
wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein, anyplace,
whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while, (pron)
everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation.
nereden where (nerede, nereye); synonyms (adv)
there, here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein,
anyplace, whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while,
(pron) everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation.
neredeyse 1. almost (hemen hemen); synonyms
(adv) nearly, approximately, just, around, most,
practically, roughly, virtually, some, (prep) about,
(adj) near, nigh, approaching, approximate, barely,
2. soon (ok gemeden); synonyms (adv) shortly,
early, presently, anon, immediately, directly,
betimes, now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly,
erelong, fast, quick.
nereye where (nerede); synonyms (adv) there, here,

whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while, (pron)
everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation.
nee joy (sevin); synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment,
elation, gladness, glee, happiness, pleasure, bliss,
ecstasy, excitement, exhilaration, exultation, fun, (v)
exult, cheer; antonyms (n) misery, sorrow, sadness,
disaster, grief.
neeli 1. lively (canl); synonyms (adj) brisk, active,
agile, cheerful, energetic, keen, busy, fresh, gay,
jolly, jovial, alert, animated, bright, enthusiastic;
antonyms (adj) dull, inactive, lethargic, listless,
lifeless, unexciting, 2. gay; synonyms (adj)
convivial, festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave,
buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, jocular,
(n) homosexual, gallant, lesbian, 3. cheerful;
synonyms (adj) breezy, carefree, glad, merry,
optimistic, pleasant, chipper, comfortable,
contented, happy, hopeful, joyful, lighthearted,
lively, sunny; antonyms (adj) depressed, gloomy,
sad, unhappy, dejected, depressing, grim, hopeless,
miserable, morose, somber, unwelcoming, bleak,
cheerless, forlorn, 4. sunny; synonyms (adj) clear,
brilliant, fair, radiant, shining, shiny, beaming, fine,
sunlit, burnished, hilarious, jocund, mirthful,
genial, (v) glossy; antonyms (adj) dark, overcast.
nesil 1. descent (ini); synonyms (n) ancestry,
decline, birth, fall, blood, declension, declination,
declivity, derivation, drop, extraction, family,
lineage, origin, pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent,
improvement, 2. generation (kuak, retim);
synonyms (n) age, creation, epoch, era, genesis,
contemporaries, formation, offspring, period, time,
day, lifetime, multiplication, production, (v)
germination, 3. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms
(n) breed, store, goods, descent, hoard, race,
backlog, commodity, kind, house, broth, cache, (adj)
regular, (v) handle, supply, 4. breed; synonyms (n)
variety, sort, order, class, genus, posterity, (v)
cultivate, hatch, produce, 5. race; synonyms (n)
dash, career, competition, people, kin, nation, (v)
course, run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, campaign,
hunt, dart, 6. strain; synonyms (n) stress, effort,
stretch, exertion, reach, song, (v) filter, screen, sift,
antonym (v) relax.
nesir prose; synonyms (n) style, writing,
commonplace, language, literature, rap, speech,
talk, text, words, (v) ramble, (adj) prosaic, maunder,
palaver, prate; antonyms (n) poetry, verse.
nesne 1. object (ama); synonyms (n) design, aim,
cause, end, intent, intention, meaning, mark,
matter, subject, substance, drift, (v) except, mind,
complain; antonym (v) agree, 2. thing (ey);
synonyms (n) affair, event, object, occurrence,
Turkish - English
article, concern, happening, something, being,
occasion, incident, business, deed, entity, item.
nesnel objective (ama, hedef, objektif); synonyms
(adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete,
detached, (n) aim, mark, goal, object, ambition,
design, end, intent, intention; antonyms (adj)
biased, subjective.
net 1. net (a); synonyms (adj) final, last, (n) network,
bag, lace, earnings, cobweb, (v) mesh, clear, gain,
make, trap, catch, earn, knit; antonym (v) gross, 2.
clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict, 3. sharp (keskin, sivri);
synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid,
harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing,
pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting;
antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded,
sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth.
netice 1. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure, close,
end, result, cessation, completion, sequel,
termination, decision, dissolution, ending,
epilogue, finale, finish, (v) closing; antonyms (n)
beginning, start, opening, preface, 2. result
(sonu); synonyms (n) consequence, fruit, issue,
outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion, effect,
produce, outgrowth, corollary, (v) ensue, follow,
eventuate, arise; antonym (v) cause.
neticede eventually; synonyms (adv) finally, even,
someday, afterward, consecutively,
consequentially, continuously, necessarily,
through, hereafter, heretofore, (conj) yet, however,
nevertheless, notwithstanding; antonyms (adv)
instantly, promptly.
nezaket 1. courtesy; synonyms (n) civility, propriety,
chivalry, comity, decency, gallantry, politeness,
attention, breeding, etiquette, affability,
complaisance; antonyms (n) rudeness, discourtesy,
2. kindness; synonyms (n) benevolence, clemency,
compassion, courtesy, generosity, affection,
benignity, cordiality, favor, friendliness, gentleness,
goodness, grace, humanity, fondness; antonyms (n)
unkindness, callousness, cruelty, miserliness,
nastiness, spite, unfriendliness, maliciousness, 3.
grace; synonyms (n) elegance, beauty, benediction,
blessing, charm, (v) bedeck, adorn, deck, garnish,
beautify, decorate, embellish, dress, embroider,
enrich.
nezaketle politely; synonyms (adv) courteously,
kindly, respectfully, agreeably, courtly, gracefully,
admiringly, amiably, assiduously, considerately,
cooperatively, cordially, elegantly, genially,
335
harmoniously; antonyms (adv) impolitely,

brusquely, rudely, discourteously.
nezaret 1. supervision (gzetim); synonyms (n)
oversight, charge, control, direction, management,
superintendence, guidance, custody, observation,
care, administration, command, government,
supervising, (v) inspection, 2. charge; synonyms
(n) accusation, burden, commission, bill, tax,
arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request,
absolve, retreat, 3. surveillance; synonyms (n)
supervision, vigilance, watch, scrutiny, monitoring,
lookout, examination, following, eye, intelligence,
look, security, spying, bug, bugging; antonym (n)
neglect.
nezle cold (souk); synonyms (adj) chilly, frigid,
aloof, callous, distant, icy, indifferent, apathetic,
bleak, cool, dead, dull, freezing, (n) chilliness, chill;
antonyms (adj) warm, friendly, hot, burning,
prepared, affectionate, loving, soporific, (n) heat,
warmth.
nicel quantitative; synonyms (adj) some, measurable,
quantitive, wholesale.
nicelik quantity (miktar); synonyms (n) amount,
extent, measure, multitude, quantum, sum, total,
portion, heap, bulk, capacity, deal, degree,
magnitude, mass.
nicem quantum; synonyms (n) amount, measure,
magnitude, quantity, mass, measurement, sum,
total, amplitude.
niin why (neden); synonyms (adv) so, (n) wherefore,
reason, grounds, conundrum, enigma, mystery,
proof, riddle, (adj) indeed.
nida cry (alamak, barmak, feryat); synonyms
nihai 1. final (son); synonyms (adj) conclusive,
decisive, definite, extreme, latter, definitive, last,
ultimate, irrevocable, decided, concluding,
eventual, net, peremptory, firm; antonyms (adj)
first, opening, preliminary, 2. ultimate; synonyms
(adj) final, end, supreme, elemental, farthest,
furthest, primary, ending, finishing, top, utmost,
absolute, best, consummate, (n) maximum.
nihayet finally; synonyms (adv) eventually, lastly, last,
ultimately, definitely, completely, (adj) final, (v)
definitively; antonym (adv) firstly.
nine grandmother (bykanne); synonyms (n)
gran, grandma, granny, crone, grandam, grannie,
mother, dam, grandmamma, beldame, mamma,
materfamilias, matriarch.
nian 1. engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle,
appointment, commitment, conflict, contract,
contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date, employment,
encounter, employ, (v) action, 2. mark; synonyms
(n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed,
336
Turkish - English
impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish,

characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice,
3. decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n)
adornment, award, garnish, medal, ornament,
embroidery, 4. medal; synonyms (n) decoration,
prize, medallion, title, honor, laurels, palm.
nianc shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go,
fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang,
bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor.
nianlanma engagement; synonyms (n) combat,
battle, appointment, commitment, conflict,
contract, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date,
employment, encounter, employ, (v) action.
nianl 1. engaged; synonyms (adj) busy, occupied,
betrothed, affianced, employed, engrossed,
reserved, absorbed, working, pledged, bespoken,
booked, immersed, intent, rapt; antonyms (adj)
available, free, 2. intended; synonyms (adj)
intentional, calculated, deliberate, voluntary,
destined, designed, knowing, meant, planned,
premeditated, prospective, willful; antonyms (adj)
ingenuous, accidental.
nispet 1. ratio (oran); synonyms (n) percentage,
degree, proportion, measure, scale, rate, extent,
fraction, grade, comparison, relationship, amount,
2. relation (iliki); synonyms (n) connection,
account, narration, recital, affinity, association,
description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond,
narrative, reference, (v) report, 3. rate (oran);
synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, (v) assess,
estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute,
count, calculate, merit, put, rank.
nispeten relatively; synonyms (adv) comparatively,
quite, rather, fairly, reasonably, somewhat,
partially, partly.
nispi 1. relative (greli); synonyms (adj) related,
antonym (adj) absolute, 2. proportional
(orantl); synonyms (adj) commensurate,
proportionable, relative, balanced, symmetrical,
even, graduated.
niteleme qualification; synonyms (n) condition,
capability, competence, fitness, limitation,
alteration, modification, (adj) faculty, endowment,
property.
nitelemek qualify; synonyms (v) modify, prepare,
moderate, capacitate, characterize, confine, define,
designate, determine, condition, enable, entitle,
equip, fit, limit; antonym (v) disqualify.
nitelik 1. quality (kalite); synonyms (n) nature,
character, characteristic, class, condition, feature,
grade, distinction, faculty, description, mark,
attribute, caliber, part, peculiarity; antonym (adj)

shoddy, 2. qualification; synonyms (n) capability,
competence, fitness, limitation, preparation,
prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration,
modification, requirement, reservation, (adj)
endowment, property, 3. character (karakter);
synonyms (n) kind, note, quality, role, type, brand,
constitution, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone,
standing, atmosphere, attitude, case, 4.
characteristic (karakteristik, zellik);

synonyms (adj) distinctive, individual, typical,
original, natural, representative, special, specific,
symbolic, proper, (n) badge, sign, peculiar, point, (v)
emblematic; antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic,
common, 5. composition; synonyms (n)
arrangement, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam,
organization, piece, 6. property (zellik);
synonyms (n) capital, belongings, asset, estate,
goods, place, wealth, substance, thing, assets,
fortune, holding, means, possessions, (v)
possession, 7. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul);
synonyms (n) seal, impression, cachet, emblem, die,
earmark, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample,
punch, characterize, shape, emboss.
nitelikli qualified; synonyms (adj) competent,
capable, eligible, efficient, conditional, fit,
proficient, able, clever, expert, adequate, certified,
limited, restricted, fitted; antonyms (adj)
unqualified, total, unofficial, definite.
nitrojen nitrogen (azot); synonyms (n) n, newton,
normality, north.
niye why (neden); synonyms (adv) so, (n) wherefore,
reason, grounds, conundrum, enigma, mystery,
proof, riddle, (adj) indeed.
niyet 1. intention (kast, maksat); synonyms (n)
plan, 2. intent (ama); synonyms (adj) attentive,
absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, fixed, rapt,
eager, (n) intention, import, meaning, spirit, point,
purport, ambition, 3. purpose (ama, maksat);
synonyms (n) effect, resolve, determination,
function, decision, destination, aspiration, reason,
use, occasion, (v) project, intend, propose, decide,
mean, 4. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath,
devise, wish, leave, shall, give, (n) volition,
command, desire, inclination, pleasure, courage,
liking, testament, choice, 5. resolve (zmek);
synonyms (v) determine, solve, conclude,
decompose, dissolve, settle, explain, melt, do, (n)
firmness, resolution, answer, analyze, resoluteness,
will; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, 6.
determination (belirleme, saptama); synonyms
(n) conclusion, definition, decisiveness, tenacity,
appointment, assessment, constancy, fortitude, grit,
judgment, perseverance, sentence, settlement,
Turkish - English
verdict, (v) award; antonyms (n) compliance,
indecisiveness, 7. plan (proje); synonyms (n) map,
figure, chart, outline, pattern, scheme, invent, form,
arrangement, blueprint, (v) plot, arrange, conceive,
contrive, draft, 8. thought; synonyms (v)
observation, (n) notion, opinion, conception,
consideration, impression, belief, feeling, reflection,
sentiment, concept, apprehension, attention, care,
cogitation; antonym (n) fact.
niyetli intent (ama, niyet); synonyms (adj)
attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n)
aim, idea, design, intention, goal, import, meaning,
purpose, spirit, drift.
nizam statute (kural, yasa); synonyms (n) law,
ordinance, rule, constitution, decree, charter, act,
canon, edict, enactment, regulation, code, order,
ruling, bill.
nizamname regulations; synonyms (n) policy,
system, convention.
nbet 1. attack (hcum, hcum etmek, kriz,

saldrmak); synonyms (n) incursion, thrust,
aggression, fit, onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault,
assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid,
accuse; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect,
retreat, 2. tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion,
circuit, round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go,
pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, (v) expedition,
travel, ride, 3. watch (bakmak, seyretmek);
wake, care, check, follow, (n) guard, view, sentinel,
sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance, 4. spell;
synonyms (n) magic, fascination, bout, conjuration,
incantation, period, sorcery, enchantment, turn,
span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, (v)
charm, 5. turn (dnmek, dn); synonyms (v)
revolve, deviate, get, revolution, spin, (n) bend,
curve, roll, coil, twist, change, bent, circle, shift,
tour.
nbeti guard (beki); synonyms (n) defend,
guardsman, (v) shield, keep.
noksan 1. deficiency (eksiklik); synonyms (n)
defect, dearth, want, absence, deficit, failing,
inadequacy, lack, scarcity, shortcoming, failure,
famine, fault, (adj) blemish, imperfection; antonyms
(n) excess, sufficiency, 2. lack; synonyms (n)
deficiency, need, default, insufficiency, poverty,
shortage, drought, vacancy, deprivation, (v)
destitution, fail, demand, require, desire, indigence;
antonyms (n) abundance, provision, (v) have, 3.
want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave,
covet, (n) wish, necessity, penury, privation,
pauperism, requirement, distress, ambition, fancy,
essential, hardship; antonyms (v) dislike, hate.
nokta 1. period (devir, dnem); synonyms (n) age,
337

stage, time, 2. dot (benek); synonyms (n) speck,
spot, dash, splash, atom, bead, drop, mote, stain, (v)
mark, sprinkle, disperse, splotch, dotation, (adj)
iota, 3. spot (benek, leke); synonyms (n) blot,
place, dapple, dirty, location, position, space, (v)
blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, mottle,
freckle, 4. point (gstermek); synonyms (n)
grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, phase,
apex, detail, end, height, (v) head, direct, level, 5.
stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak);

obstruct, plug, catch, (n) halt, hold, stay, check,
begin, encourage, permit, prolong.
noktalamak dot (benek, nokta); synonyms (n)
point, speck, spot, dash, splash, atom, bead, drop,
mote, stain, (v) mark, sprinkle, disperse, splotch,
(adj) iota.
noktal spotted; synonyms (adj) mottled, dappled,
plain.
norm norm; synonyms (n) average, mean, measure,
mode, criterion, model, median, gauge, par,
pattern, principle, rule.
normal 1. normal; synonyms (adj) regular, common,
conventional, customary, general, ordinary,
everyday, habitual, mean, natural, typical, just,
average, commonplace, formal; antonyms (adj)
abnormal, unusual, creepy, eccentric,
extraordinary, irregular, odd, strange,
supernatural, unconventional, weird, irrational,
phenomenal, 2. regular (dzenli); synonyms (adj)
normal, orderly, steady, methodical, accurate,
correct, even, proper, accustomed, consistent,
established, (n) fixed, constant, firm, familiar;
antonyms (adj) erratic, inconsistent, variable,
asymmetrical, straight, 3. ordinary; synonyms
(adj) middling, mediocre, usual, banal, frequent,
indifferent, inferior, medium, dull, fair, household,
humble, mundane, pedestrian, (v) inconspicuous;
special, distinguished, famous.
not 1. note (not etmek); synonyms (n) comment,
mention, remark, annotation, heed, indication,
mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle, (v) notice,
mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore, 2. mark;
synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character,
impression, imprint, sign, feature, badge, check, (v)
blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, 3.
memorandum; synonyms (n) memo, note,
memorial, entry, letter, memoranda, record.
nota note (not, not etmek); synonyms (n) comment,
mention, remark, annotation, heed, indication,
338
Turkish - English
mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle, (v) notice,

mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore.
ntr neutral; synonyms (adj) disinterested, impartial,
indifferent, dispassionate, impersonal,
noncommittal, colorless, detached, fair, inert,
objective, unbiased, apathetic, independent, (n)
neuter; antonyms (adj) biased, aromatic, colorful.
nans shade (glge, glgelemek,

color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud, apparition, conceal,
darkness, dye, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover;
antonyms (n) light, brightness.
nfus population; synonyms (n) inhabitants, people,
nation, community, group, populace, public,
society, folk, citizens, stock, universe.
nfuz 1. influence (etki); synonyms (n) force,
authority, control, domination, charm, command,
hold, (v) affect, determine, dispose, effect, incline,
bias, direct, govern, 2. authority (yetki);
synonyms (n) ascendancy, sanction, administration,
authorization, dominance, judge, power,
professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency,
approval, authorisation, bureau, 3. hold (tutma,
tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain, endure,
adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have,
arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch; antonym
(v) release, 4. prestige; synonyms (n) credit,
influence, distinction, dignity, repute, reputation,
standing, status, attraction, face, kudos, celebrity,
glory, honor, (adj) renown, 5. pull (ekme,
ekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught,
pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, hale, lure,
(n) wrench, effort, puff; antonyms (v) push, repel.
nfuzlu 1. important (nemli); synonyms (adj)
essential, grave, fundamental, significant, chief,
crucial, key, remarkable, serious, earnest,
authoritative, big, central, consequential,
considerable; antonyms (adj) unimportant,
insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low,
worthless, 2. powerful; synonyms (adj) cogent,
able, brawny, forcible, hard, mighty, muscular,
potent, strong, effective, energetic, influential,
intense, lusty, vigorous; antonyms (adj) powerless,
weak, mild.
nkleer nuclear; synonyms (adj) atomic, central,
atomlike, inner, minute, nucleal, organic.
nksetme return (dnmek, dn); synonyms (n)
yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution,
proceeds, income, (v) recur, reimburse, render,
repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer;
antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation,
recovery, (v) keep.
nkte 1. wit; synonyms (n) humor, wag, humorist,
satire, repartee, brain, mentality, sense, sagacity,
nous, humour, intelligence, joker, mind, (adj) irony;
antonym (n) tragedy, 2. salt (tuz); synonyms (n)
salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty,
saline, briny, spice, pungent, season, (v) cure,

pickle, embalm.
numara 1. number (numaralamak, rakam, say,

enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account, 2. act
(n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute,
decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go,
perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 3. size
quantity, glue, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass,
measurement, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length,
slenderness.
numaralamak number (numara, rakam, say,

enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account.
numune 1. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model,
design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example,
figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement,
configuration, (v) mould, 2. sample (rnek);
synonyms (n) instance, specimen, pattern, assay,
case, illustration, exemplar, piece, precedent, (v)
taste, try, attempt, essay, prove, (adj) test, 3.
specimen; synonyms (n) sample, copy, person,
representative, type, 4. model (manken, model,
rnek); synonyms (n) image, dummy, prototype,
frame, lesson, archetype, epitome, manikin,
mannequin, original, paradigm, template, (adj)
ideal, (v) imitate, carve; antonym (adj) atypical, 5.
piece (para); synonyms (n) cut, division,
fragment, part, article, component, composition,
hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk, coin,
constituent.
nur light (ak, hafif, k); synonyms (adj) fair, clear,
nsha copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation, trace,
nutuk 1. address (adres, sylev); synonyms (n)
accost, lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill,
speech, allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v)
greet, call, harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore, 2.
address, delivery, expression, conversation,
language, diction, communication, discussion,
elocution, converse, dialect, talk, tongue, (v) say,
saying, 3. discourse; synonyms (n) colloquy,
homily, dialogue, article, dissertation, interview,
Turkish - English
chitchat, confabulation, declaim, (v) chat, confer,
recite, commune, preach, rap.
O
o he; synonyms (pron) cestui, (n) male, man, helium.
obje object (ama, nesne); synonyms (n) design,
aim, cause, end, intent, intention, meaning, mark,
matter, subject, substance, drift, (v) except, mind,
complain; antonym (v) agree.
objektif 1. objective (ama, hedef, nesnel);

synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just,
concrete, detached, (n) aim, mark, goal, object,
ambition, design, end, intent, intention; antonyms
(adj) biased, subjective, 2. lens (mercek);
synonyms (n) meniscus, sunglass, (v) glass,
barometer, especially, glaze, goblet, hourglass,
photograph, spyglass, tumbler, weatherglass.
ocak 1. cooker; synonym (n) cook, 2. fireplace;
synonyms (n) chimney, fire, hearth, fireside, ingle,
barbecue, blaze, favourite, flame, paramour,
sweetheart, 3. stove; synonyms (n) range, furnace,
heater, ambit, chain, compass, grasp, orbit, reach,
scope, warmer, 4. oven (frn); synonyms (n) kiln,
stove, boiler.
oda 1. room; synonyms (n) chamber, latitude,
occasion, apartment, hall, house, opening,
opportunity, expanse, extent, flat, margin, area,
cabin, (v) board, 2. chamber; synonyms (n)
bedroom, bedchamber, cavity, cell, council,
compartment, committee, court, cubicle, room.
odak focus; synonyms (n) centering, core, nidus,
nucleus, point, target, heart, (v) center, concentrate,
converge, aim, centre, direct, focalize, centralize.
odaklama focusing; synonyms (n) centering,
concentration, focus, focussing, focalisation,
focalization, direction, nidus, snap, stress.
odaklamak focus (odak); synonyms (n) centering,
core, nidus, nucleus, point, target, heart, (v) center,
concentrate, converge, aim, centre, direct, focalize,
centralize.
odun wood (aa, koru, tahta); synonyms (n)
forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle.
ofis office (bro); synonyms (n) charge, agency, duty,
function, position, commission, appointment,
division, authority, berth, bureau, job, part, place,
post.
olak kid; synonyms (n) baby, child, youngster,
infant, juvenile, toddler, tot, babe, (v) joke, jest,
banter, chaff, mock, fool, jolly.
olan boy; synonyms (n) lad, fellow, kid, male, man,
minor, servant, son, youngster, youth, boots.
oul 1. son; synonyms (n) offspring, boy, lad, child,
descendant, logos, word, bible, countersign,
discussion, intelligence, kid, news, parole,
339
password, 2. boy (olan); synonyms (n) fellow,

male, man, minor, servant, son, youngster, youth,
boots.
ok arrow; synonyms (n) pointer, barb, bolt, dart,
missile, gun, spear, javelin, jereed, jerid, lance, pike,
(adj) rocket, hydrargyrum, quicksilver.
okama stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n) touch,
beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang,
impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj)
blow.
okamak 1. stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n)
touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack,
bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle,
(adj) blow, 2. pet; synonyms (adj) favourite, favored,
precious, (n) favorite, darling, love, beloved, ducky,
coddle, (v) dear, dandle, baby, pamper, cherish,
indulge.
okay stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n) touch,
beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang,
impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj)
blow.
oksijen oxygen; synonym (n) o.
okul school; synonyms (n) academy, class, sect,
college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate, instruct,
train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify, teach.
okuma 1. reading; synonyms (n) recital, learning,
construction, interpretation, lection, study, version,
erudition, lore, explanation, presentation,
recitation, scholarship, translation, (v) read, 2. read
(okumak); synonyms (v) interpret, construe,
decipher, gather, indicate, learn, perceive, say,
understand, demonstrate, comprehend, display,
examine, explain, peruse.
okumak 1. read; synonyms (v) interpret, construe,
decipher, gather, indicate, learn, perceive, say,
understand, demonstrate, comprehend, display,
examine, explain, peruse, 2. study; synonyms (n)
survey, consideration, investigation, learning,
meditation, (v) consider, review, research, check,
analyze, contemplate, inquire, investigate,
meditate, ponder.
okumu educated; synonyms (v) instructed, (adj)
cultured, erudite, enlightened, learned, lettered,
trained, informed, refined, taught; antonyms (adj)
uneducated, ignorant.
okur reader (okuyucu); synonyms (n) lecturer,
professor, lector, proofreader, reviewer, subscriber,
compositor, preacher, printer.
okutman 1. lecturer; synonyms (n) instructor, lector,
professor, reader, teacher, coach, orator, preacher,
speaker, trainer, tutor, educator, 2. reader
(okuyucu); synonyms (n) lecturer, proofreader,
reviewer, subscriber, compositor, printer.
okuyucu reader; synonyms (n) lecturer, professor,
lector, proofreader, reviewer, subscriber,
compositor, preacher, printer.
340
Turkish - English
okyanus 1. ocean; synonyms (n) sea, deep, brine,

waves, multitude, lot, heap, pile, puddle, seaway,
sink, splash, (adj) oceanic, marine, subaquatic, 2.
drink (imek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol,
gulp.
olabilir possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable,
imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly,
maybe, potential, practical, probable, thinkable,
workable, attainable, believable, credible;
antonyms (adj) impossible, unlikely, compulsory.
olabilirlik 1. likelihood; synonyms (n) chance, odds,
probability, eventuality, expectation, likeliness,
prospect, expectancy, appearance, option,
plausibility, possibility, verisimilitude, outlook;
antonyms (n) unlikelihood, improbability, 2.
possibility (olanak); synonyms (n) feasibility,
likelihood, opportunity, opening, occasion,
potential, ability, danger, possibleness, conjecture,
guess, hazard, hope, hypothesis, theory.
olaan 1. normal (normal); synonyms (adj) regular,
common, conventional, customary, general,
ordinary, everyday, habitual, mean, natural,
typical, just, average, commonplace, formal;
antonyms (adj) abnormal, unusual, creepy,
eccentric, extraordinary, irregular, odd, strange,
supernatural, unconventional, weird, irrational,
phenomenal, 2. usual; synonyms (adj) accustomed,
familiar, normal, routine, public, prevalent,
prevailing, stock, traditional, accepted, chronic,
expected, (v) frequent, wonted, plebeian, 3.
common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) coarse,
cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, base, ignoble,
mediocre, trivial, banal, prosaic, poor, collective,
communal, (n) commons; antonyms (adj) individual,
uncommon, rare, characteristic, one-off, specific,
unique, aristocratic, exclusive, infrequent, 4.
ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, indifferent,
inferior, medium, dull, fair, household, humble,
mundane, pedestrian, trite, moderate,
characterless, humdrum, (v) inconspicuous;
special, distinguished, famous, 5. regular
(dzenli, normal); synonyms (adj) orderly,
steady, methodical, accurate, correct, even, proper,
consistent, established, set, symmetrical, invariable,
(n) fixed, constant, firm; antonyms (adj) erratic,
inconsistent, variable, asymmetrical, straight.
olaand 1. abnormal (anormal); synonyms (adj)
aberrant, anomalous, atypical, irregular,
monstrous, odd, perverted, strange, uncommon,
unnatural, unusual, perverse, improper,
preternatural, grotesque; antonyms (adj) normal,
typical, usual, 2. unusual; synonyms (adj) peculiar,
quaint, curious, eccentric, exceptional, exotic,
extraordinary, rare, remarkable, special,
unprecedented, abnormal, bizarre, different,

fantastic; antonyms (adj) common, customary,
ordinary, familiar, conventional, routine.
olaanst 1. remarkable; synonyms (adj)
exceptional, extraordinary, notable, noteworthy,
odd, distinguished, conspicuous, phenomenal,
famous, illustrious, curious, great, noticeable,
outstanding, (n) memorable; antonyms (adj)
ordinary, insignificant, unremarkable, 2.
marvellous; synonyms (adj) fantastic, marvelous,
miraculous, tall, terrific, tremendous, wonderful,
wondrous, improbable, fantastical, rattling, antic,
grotesque, brisk, crying, 3. extraordinary;
synonyms (adj) abnormal, amazing, astonishing,
bizarre, extra, rare, special, strange, unusual,
incredible, peculiar, preternatural, prodigious,
remarkable, singular; antonyms (adj) normal,
everyday, 4. rare; synonyms (adj) uncommon,
infrequent, precious, scarce, seldom, thin, few,
choice, fine, novel, exquisite, excellent, flimsy,
occasional, priceless; antonyms (adj) common,
frequent.
olanak 1. facility (kolaylk); synonyms (n) ability,
dexterity, adroitness, ease, readiness, artifice,
aptitude, deftness, faculty, freedom, installation,
knack, lightness, (adj) competence, proficiency, 2.
possibility; synonyms (n) chance, feasibility,
likelihood, opportunity, opening, probability,
expectancy, eventuality, expectation, occasion,
odds, potential, prospect, danger, option, 3. scope
(kapsam); synonyms (n) range, reach, domain,
purview, room, expanse, area, compass, drift,
extent, oscilloscope, gamut, amplitude, breadth, (v)
view.
olanaklar resources; synonyms (n) means, property,
capital, assets, finances, money, substance, funds,
wherewithal, revenue, wealth, belongings, cash,
circumstances, fortune.
olanakl possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable,
antonyms (adj) impossible, unlikely, compulsory.
olanaksz 1. impossible; synonyms (adj) insufferable,
unimaginable, hopeless, impracticable, impractical,
inconceivable, unbelievable, unlikely, ridiculous,
unthinkable, intolerable, implausible, incredible,
unacceptable, unfeasible; antonyms (adj) possible,
achievable, feasible, 2. unable; synonyms (adj)
powerless, incapable, incompetent, ineffective,
impotent, helpless, ineffectual, inefficient,
inadequate, unqualified, unfit, disqualified;
antonyms (adj) able, capable.
Olarak as (gibi); synonyms (conj) qua, because, since,
considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like, (adv)
equally, from, (n) arsenic.
Turkish - English
olas 1. possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable,
antonyms (adj) impossible, unlikely, compulsory, 2.
liable; synonyms (adj) amenable, accountable,
answerable, apt, disposed, exposed, inclined,
responsible, subject, culpable, vulnerable, given,
obnoxious, susceptible, blameworthy; antonym
(adj) exempt, 3. feasible; synonyms (adj) possible,
fit, achievable, available, doable, realizable, viable,
executable, plausible, 4. probable; synonyms (adj)
hopeful, convincing, specious, presumptive,
verisimilar, apparent; antonym (adj) improbable.
olaslk 1. odds; synonyms (n) advantage, chance,
likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness,
chances, prospect, handicap, superiority, edge, (v)
difference, dissension, misunderstanding, variance,
2. probability; synonyms (n) odds, opportunity,
expectation, eventuality, contingency, expectancy,
danger, outlook, verisimilitude, fortune, hazard, 3.
prospect; synonyms (n) view, anticipation, aspect,
hope, lookout, perspective, future, panorama,
picture, scene, forecast, candidate, horizon, look, (v)
explore; antonym (n) past, 4. chance; synonyms (n)
venture, accident, break, fate, luck, random, turn,
(adj) accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet,
befall, happen, bump; antonyms (n) predictability,
(adj) deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 5.
likelihood; synonyms (n) appearance, option,
plausibility; antonyms (n) unlikelihood,
improbability.
olay 1. event; synonyms (n) affair, case, consequence,
effect, occurrence, circumstance, contingency, fact,
happening, incident, issue, result, aftermath, time,
chance, 2. incident; synonyms (n) event,
adventure, episode, experience, instance, occasion,
anecdote, development, incidence, matter,
phenomenon, (adj) attendant, concomitant,
accessory, incidental, 3. fact (gerek, olgu);
synonyms (n) detail, deed, particular, truth,
actuality, point, reality, thing, condition, accident,
aspect, feature, situation, veracity, (v) act; antonyms
(n) guesswork, rumor, conjecture, fallacy,
falsehood, report, 4. episode; synonyms (n)
chapter, installment, subdivision, instalment,
interlude, parenthesis, part, section, sequence, 5.
happening; synonyms (n) eventuality, fortuity,
business, fate, 6. case; synonyms (n) box, example,
bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, briefcase, casing,
eccentric, suit, carton, action, cause, (adj) patient, 7.
experience (deneyim, tecrbe); synonyms (n)
taste, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine, enjoy,
feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, sustain, try,
(adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 8. occurrence;
synonyms (n) juncture, circumstances, conclusion,
outburst, 9. circumstance; synonyms (n) state,
341
opportunity, casualty, crisis, phase, context, 10.

affair (i, mesele); synonyms (n) concern, job,
amour, duty, party, subject, theme, topic,
transaction, meeting, affaire, function, liaison,
occupation, (v) collision, 11. scene; synonyms (n)
view, background, display, environment, outlook,
appearance, look, position, arena, (v) prospect.
oldu okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good,
alright, well, fair, (int) yes, (n) approval,
authorization, agreement, (v) approve, sanction,
consent, endorse, authorize, countenance;
antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid.
olduka 1. fairly; synonyms (adv) completely,
moderately, somewhat, clean, equitably, fair, justly,
passably, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably, enough,
middling, relatively; antonyms (adv) unfairly,
extremely, unjustly, 2. rather; synonyms (adv)
fairly, considerably, instead, kinda, preferably,
comparatively, sooner, 3. pretty (gzel);
synonyms (adv) very, jolly, (adj) beautiful, graceful,
lovely, attractive, charming, handsome, goodlooking, picturesque, dainty, cute, elegant, fine, (n)
nice; antonym (adj) ugly, 4. quite; synonyms (adv)
altogether, absolutely, all, entirely, fully, sheer,
exactly, even, right, stark, totally, well, wholly,
awfully, (adj) just, 5. relatively; synonyms (adv)
partially, partly, 6. substantially; synonyms (adv)
materially, firmly, amply, significantly, generously,
markedly, noticeably, (adj) practically, virtually;
antonym (adv) slightly.
olgu fact (gerek, olay); synonyms (n) event,
incident, detail, deed, particular, truth, actuality,
circumstance, experience, occurrence, point, reality,
thing, contingency, (v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork,
rumor, conjecture, fallacy, falsehood, report.
olgun 1. mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete, adult,
aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old, perfect,
(v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate, mellow;
antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe, young,
sophomoric, (v) immature, 2. ripe; synonyms (adj)
mature, ready, advanced, good, prepared, matured,
consummate, right; antonym (adj) green.
olgunlamak mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete,
adult, aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old,
perfect, (v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate,
mellow; antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe,
young, sophomoric, (v) immature.
olgunlatrmak 1. mature; synonyms (adj) ripe,
complete, adult, aged, developed, experienced,
fledged, old, perfect, (v) grow, ripen, develop, age,
maturate, mellow; antonyms (adj) childish, naive,
unripe, young, sophomoric, (v) immature, 2.
season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell,
(prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, flavour,
moderate, pickle, spice, temper, (adj) harden,
habituate.
342
Turkish - English
olgunluk maturity; synonyms (n) ripeness,

adulthood, matureness, perfection, majority, age,
development, readiness, prime; antonyms (n)
childhood, youth, immaturity.
olmak 1. become; synonyms (v) be, grow, suit, arise,
get, match, sit, come, fall, fit, go, make, turn, wax,
change, 2. get (almak, elde etmek, varmak);
earn, buy, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring,
capture, cause, engage; antonyms (v) lose, give,
leave, 3. happen; synonyms (v) befall, chance,
develop, appear, bechance, hap, occur, pass,
transpire, arrive, encounter, find, proceed, result,
(n) betide, 4. occur; synonyms (v) happen,
materialize, ensue, break, advance, begin, exist,
rise, eventuate, continue, elapse, issue, start,
ascend, die, 5. be; synonyms (v) live, act, consist,
constitute, represent, cost, follow, form, lie, remain,
rest, stay, subsist, comprise, (n) stand, 6. exist (var
olmak); synonyms (v) dwell, endure, abide,
belong, survive, hold, 7. grow; synonyms (v)
augment, enlarge, expand, emerge, farm, spring,
breed, accrue, blossom, evolve, extend, flourish,
germinate, increase, mature; antonyms (v) decrease,
weaken, shrink.
olmu 1. done (tamam); synonyms (adj) finished,
complete, completed, over, gone, through, (adv)
ended; antonym (adj) unfinished, 2. ripe;
synonyms (adj) mature, adult, ready, advanced,
good, prepared, perfect, matured, consummate,
right, (v) mellow; antonym (adj) green.
oluk channel (kanal); synonyms (n) canal, conduit,
groove, drain, duct, line, passage, trough,
waterway, aqueduct, link, hollow, (v) carry,
conduct, convey.
olumlu 1. positive (pozitif); synonyms (adj) absolute,
certain, affirmative, confident, decisive, definite,
direct, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible,
unsure, pessimistic, sad, 2. favourable; synonyms
(adj) auspicious, encouraging, lucky, opportune,
prosperous, comfortable, easy, booming,
flourishing, golden, halcyon, prospering, roaring,
supporting, thriving.
olumsuz negative (negatif); synonyms (adj) minus,
oluturmak 1. form (biim, form); synonyms (n)
figure, design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class,
conformation, (v) cast, make, fashion, build,
constitute, establish, carve, construct, 2. generate
(retmek); synonyms (v) breed, develop, bear,
beget, cause, engender, get, provoke, create, father,
produce, raise, reproduce, yield, (adj) procreate, 3.
constitute; synonyms (v) compose, form,

commission, appoint, comprise, be, found,
institute, name, nominate, ordain, organize,
designate, configure, consist.
oluum formation; synonyms (n) constitution,
creation, establishment, construction, genesis,
arrangement, composition, organization,
configuration, conformation, generation,
production, architecture, erection, (v) fabrication;
omurga spine; synonyms (n) backbone, thorn, point,
prickle, quill, spike, back, barb, rachis, pricker,
ridge, spur, sticker.
omuz shoulder (banket); synonyms (n) elbow, back,
(v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, support, sustain,
assume, accept, shove, take, thrust, undertake.
omuzlamak shoulder (banket, omuz); synonyms
(n) elbow, back, (v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle,
support, sustain, assume, accept, shove, take,
thrust, undertake.
on ten; synonyms (n) tenner, decade, ace, break,
breath, decennary, decennium, ecstasy, female, (adj)
perfect, comely, desirable, faultless, glamorous,
good-looking.
onama 1. approval (onay, onaylama); synonyms
(n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim,
scorn, criticism, 2. acceptance (kabul); synonyms
(n) acceptation, adoption, accession, approval,
assumption, credence, ratification, receipt,
welcome, belief, admission, assent, espousal,
popularity, reception; antonyms (n) refutation,
dispatch.
onarm 1. repair (onarmak, tamir etmek);

synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend,
patch, redress, correct, cure, compensate, doctor,
renovate, restore, heal, amend, go; antonym (v)
break, 2. restoration; synonyms (n) restitution,
reinstatement, renewal, renovation, revival,
recuperation, reform, regeneration, comeback, (v)
amends; antonyms (n) confiscation, reduction.
onarmak 1. repair (onarm, tamir etmek);

break, 2. restore; synonyms (v) refresh, reinstate,
renew, rehabilitate, rejuvenate, repay, replace,
reimburse, reconstruct, recover, reestablish, refund,
refurbish, regenerate, (adj) repair; antonym (v) keep.
onay 1. approval (onaylama); synonyms (n)
acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim,
Turkish - English
scorn, criticism, 2. confirmation; synonyms (n)
affirmation, approval, corroboration, ratification,
sanction, testimony, demonstration, authentication,
check, endorsement, evidence, proof,
substantiation, verification, averment; antonym (n)
contradiction, 3. okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine,
(adj) good, alright, well, fair, correct, (int) yes, (n)
authorization, blessing, authority, (v) approve,
endorse, authorize, countenance, accept; antonyms
(adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid.
onaylama 1. approval (onay); synonyms (n)
scorn, criticism, 2. validation; synonyms (n) proof,
substantiation, verification, establishment,
justification, approval, corroboration,
administration, basis, brass, constitution,
demonstration, ecesis, explanation, formation.
onaylamak 1. approve (uygun bulmak);

synonyms (v) sanction, adopt, accept, acknowledge,
allow, admit, agree, endorse, let, ratify, support,
applaud, acquiesce, authorize, confirm; antonyms
(v) reject, censure, condemn, disapprove, forbid,
veto, 2. accept (almak, kabul etmek);
synonyms (v) receive, take, recognize, abide,
accede, assume, believe, yield, approve, assent,
bear, consent, espouse, have, (n) embrace;
antonyms (v) refuse, deny, snub, oppose, renounce,
resist, 3. confirm (dorulamak); synonyms (v)
affirm, corroborate, establish, prove, validate,
verify, clinch, assert, assure, authenticate, certify,
demonstrate, justify, testify, uphold; antonyms (v)
disprove, contradict, 4. okay (iyi); synonyms (adv)
fine, (adj) good, alright, well, fair, correct, (int) yes,
(n) approval, authorization, agreement, blessing,
authority, okey, (v) countenance, pass; antonym
(adj) unsatisfactory, 5. grant (vermek); synonyms
(n) concession, donation, permit, present, (v) give,
award, bestow, afford, concede, confer, gift, accord,
boon, endowment, (adj) deliver, 6. acknowledge;
synonyms (v) avow, confess, own, profess,
appreciate, declare, notice, answer, grant, hail,
know, observe, receipt, recognise, respect;
antonyms (v) ignore, overlook.
onayl approved; synonyms (adj) accepted, certified,
sanctioned, allowed, authorized, accredited,
agreed, conventional, regular, official, orthodox;
antonyms (adj) informal, unofficial.
onuncu tenth; synonyms (n) tithe, disme, (adj)
decimal, decuple, denary, tenfold.
onur 1. honour; synonyms (n) award, accolade,
innocence, awarding, (v) esteem, honor, respect,
343
celebrate, observe, reward, comply, detect,

discover, find, follow; antonym (v) dishonor, 2.
pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast,
humility, modesty.
onurlu 1. honourable; synonyms (adj) honest,
estimable, honorable, good, ethical, moral, 2.
proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj) arrogant,
dignified, disdainful, haughty, lofty, exalted,
conceited, egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic,
overbearing, pompous, imperious, elated;
antonyms (adj) humble, modest, ashamed,
embarrassed.
onursal honorary; synonyms (adj) complimentary,
unpaid, voluntary, unbought, honorarium,
nominal, (adv) amateur.
opera opera; synonyms (n) play, drama, operetta,
comedy, performance, piece, song, tragedy,
afterpiece, ballet, burlesque, burletta, comedietta,
divertissement, exode.
operasyon operation (ameliyat); synonyms (n)
execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business,
management, action, function, functioning,
performance, running, mission, task, job.
operatr 1. operator; synonyms (n) driver, hustler,
manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor,
floozie, floozy, hooker, 2. surgeon (cerrah);
synonyms (n) doctor, physician, sawbones,
chirurgeon.
opsiyonlu optional (semeli); synonyms (adj)
discretionary, arbitrary, voluntary, nonobligatory,
unrestricted, additional, supplementary, external,
extracurricular, extramural, unnecessary, available,
discretional, flexible, noncompulsory; antonyms
(adj) obligatory, compulsory, required, essential,
necessary, mandatory.
optik 1. optical; synonyms (adj) optic, visual, ocular,
opthalmic, eye, eyeglass, (n) perspective, 2. visual
(grsel); synonyms (adj) visible, graphic, optical,
seeable, artistic, decorative, diagrammatic, drawn,
illustrative, (n) visuals, image, picture, design,
diagram, figure.
orada there; synonyms (adv) here, thither, present,
thereat, apparent, convenient, visible, (adj) adept,
competent, expert, professional, reliable, skillful,
trustworthy, unfailing.
oran 1. ratio; synonyms (n) percentage, degree,
proportion, measure, scale, rate, extent, fraction,
grade, comparison, relationship, amount, 2. rate;
synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, (v) assess,
estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute,
count, calculate, merit, put, rank, 3. measure
(lmek, l, nlem); synonyms (n) criterion,
beat, benchmark, measurement, meter, quantity,
344
Turkish - English
act, allotment, action, bill, dose, magnitude, (v)

fathom, gauge, (adj) mete.
orant proportion; synonyms (n) balance, percentage,
degree, ratio, portion, slice, dimension,
equilibrium, equipoise, fraction, measure, part,
rate, share, (v) scale.
orantl proportional; synonyms (adj) proportionate,
commensurate, proportionable, relative, balanced,
symmetrical, even, graduated.
oraya there (orada); synonyms (adv) here, thither,
present, thereat, apparent, convenient, visible, (adj)
adept, competent, expert, professional, reliable,
skillful, trustworthy, unfailing.
ordu 1. army; synonyms (n) legion, troop, host,
battery, battalion, brigade, crowd, flock, force,
multitude, service, swarm, war, (adj) military, array,
2. host; synonyms (n) army, horde, mob, emcee,
mass, throng, heap, bunch, group, innkeeper,
landlord, pack, server, beads, cloud.
ordugh camp (kamp); synonyms (n) bivouac,
encampment, faction, base, barracks, cantonment,
side, sect, (v) encamp, pitch, tent, (adj) campy.
org organ; synonyms (n) instrument, member, limb,
agency, harmonium, medium, part, means, journal,
channel.
organ 1. organ; synonyms (n) instrument, member,
limb, agency, harmonium, medium, part, means,
journal, channel, 2. member (ye); synonyms (n)
supporter, extremity, phallus, portion, appendage,
employee, fellow, section, constituent, division,
element, follower, associate, branch, link, 3.
agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority,
commission, expedient, factor, organ, way,
efficiency, activity, board, department, (v) action,
act, deed.
organik organic; synonyms (adj) constitutional,
natural, constitutive, fundamental, constituent,
inherent, structural, whole, raw; antonym (adj)
refined.
organizasyon organization (rgt); synonyms (n)
order, establishment, administration, arrangement,
formation, association, constitution, institution,
structure, system, form, business, company,
concern, enterprise.
organizma 1. organism; synonyms (n) being,
organization, constitution, animal, life, beast, 2.
organization (rgt); synonyms (n) order,
establishment, administration, arrangement,
formation, association, institution, structure,
system, form, business, company, concern,
enterprise, fabric.
orijin origin (balang, kaynak, kken);

synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth,
descent, ancestry, commencement, derivation,
extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root,
source; antonym (n) end.
orijinal original (zgn); synonyms (adj) first,

authentic, native, new, primary, primitive,
imitation, replica.
orkestra 1. orchestra; synonyms (n) band,
minstrelsy, ensemble, group, orchester, orchestre,
2. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set,
knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine.
orman forest; synonyms (n) timber, jungle,
woodland, timberland, wood, woods, (v) afforest.
orospu bitch; synonyms (n) beef, moan, cunt, hen,
kick, shrew, slut, trollop, (v) gripe, complain,
backbite, protest, squawk, (adj) botch.
orta 1. middle; synonyms (adj) intermediate, central,
halfway, median, mediate, mid, inner, inside, (n)
average, heart, hub, mean, center, core, centre;
antonyms (adj) extreme, outer, (n) edge, outside, 2.
medium (ortam); synonyms (adj) fair, middle,
middling, moderate, (n) mediocre, atmosphere, gobetween, instrument, means, vehicle, agency,
channel, environment, mediocrity, spiritualist, 3.
intermediate (ara); synonyms (adj) medium,
interstitial, (v) intercede, interjacent, intercurrent,
arbitrate, intervene, intervenient, intervening, (n)
intermediary, broker, middleman, 4. moderate
(lml); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious,
mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish,
lessen, ease, cool, abate, assuage, (adv) check;
antonyms (adj) immoderate, radical, (v) increase,
intensify, 5. median; synonyms (adj) medial,
mesial, normal, (n) norm, 6. fair (gzel, sarn);
synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful,
dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet,
candid, comely, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde,
carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased,
dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced,
mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 7. centre;
synonyms (n) midpoint, (v) centralize, concentrate,
focus, 8. average (ortalama); synonyms (adj)
common, ordinary, tolerable, usual, commonplace,
customary, everyday, plain, regular, passable,
typical; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, abnormal,
unusual, (v) maximum, minimum, 9. midst;
synonyms (n) thick, interior, middest, deep, depths,
nucleus, (prep) during.
ortada apparent; synonyms (adj) manifest,
discernible, patent, plain, clear, definite, evident,
obvious, open, ostensible, perceptible, conspicuous,
marked, noticeable, (adv) visible; antonyms (adj)
unclear, real, mysterious, obscure.
ortadaki middle (orta); synonyms (adj) intermediate,
central, halfway, median, mediate, mid, inner,
Turkish - English
inside, (n) average, heart, hub, mean, center, core,
centre; antonyms (adj) extreme, outer, (n) edge,
outside.
ortak 1. partner; synonyms (n) consort, copartner,
accomplice, associate, companion, fellow, ally,
collaborator, colleague, mate, pal, friend,
confederate, wife, (adj) comrade, 2. common
(adi); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap,
mutual, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble,
mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, (n)
habitual; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon,
rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific,
unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary,
infrequent, 3. joint (birleik, eklem, mafsal);
cooperative, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join,
seam, connection, tie, joining, junction, juncture, (v)
articulate; antonyms (adj) unilateral, private,
separate, 4. mutual (karlkl); synonyms (adj)
reciprocal, joint, alternate, concerted, shared,
united, commutual, interchangeable; antonym (adj)
one-sided, 5. collective; synonyms (adj) aggregate,
general, cumulative, generic, community,
corporate, social, unanimous, (n) commune, group;
antonyms (adj) capitalist, distributive.
ortaklaa jointly; synonyms (adv) conjointly, together,
collectively, unitedly, mutually.
ortaklk 1. partnership; synonyms (n) company,
corporation, alliance, association, copartnership,
business, firm, participation, fellowship,
confederation, fraternity, companionship, coalition,
affiliation, combination, 2. association (dernek);
synonyms (n) connection, assembly, affinity, link,
partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting,
band, brotherhood, club, communication,
conference, (v) assemblage.
ortalama 1. average; synonyms (adj) mean, median,
fair, common, medium, middle, middling, normal,
ordinary, intermediate, mediocre, mid, moderate,
tolerable, (n) norm; antonyms (adj) exceptional,
extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v) maximum,
minimum, 2. mean (demek istemek); synonyms
(v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) base,
hateful, ignoble, miserly, abject, beggarly, (n)
average, contemptible, low, cheap; antonyms (adj)
generous, kind.
ortam 1. medium (orta); synonyms (adj)
intermediate, fair, mid, (n) average, mediocre,
mean, atmosphere, go-between, instrument, means,
vehicle, agency, channel, environment, mediocrity,
2. environment (evre); synonyms (n)
circumstance, background, habitat, context, setting,
surroundings, vicinity, ecology, element,
circumstances, environs, medium, scene, home,
nature, 3. atmosphere (atmosfer); synonyms (n)
air, ambience, ambiance, aura, feel, feeling, mood,
345
quality, climate, situation, atm, 4. media;

synonyms (n) medial, communications, middle.
ortanca median; synonyms (adj) middle, medial,
mesial, central, intermediate, medium, mid,
normal, (n) mean, average, norm.
ortasnda midst; synonyms (n) core, center, thick,
interior, middest, deep, depths, nucleus, (adj)
middle, (adv) mid, (prep) during.
ortasndan across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross,
ortodoks orthodox; synonyms (adj) canonical,
conventional, accepted, sound, faithful,
conservative, customary, devout, legitimate,
regular, proper, right, traditional, usual, honest;
antonyms (adj) unconventional, unorthodox.
oru fast (hzl); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile,
debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid,
staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet;
antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly,
leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge.
ot grass (imen); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage,
green, hemp.
otantik authentic; synonyms (adj) actual, genuine,
accurate, real, right, straight, believable, true,
trustworthy, valid, unfeigned, unsophisticated,
credible, factual, (v) authoritative; antonyms (adj)
bogus, fake, unrealistic.
otel 1. hotel; synonyms (n) lodge, house, inn, tavern,
spa, lodging, mansion, abode, accommodations,
audience, bar, box, castle, chateau, cottage, 2. inn;
synonyms (n) hostel, hotel, hostelry, pub, saloon.
otelci host; synonyms (n) crowd, army, flock, horde,
mob, legion, troop, emcee, mass, multitude, swarm,
throng, heap, array, battalion.
otlak 1. field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n)
arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place,
discipline, range, realm, section, sphere, 2. grass
(imen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage,
green, hemp, 3. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n)
array, reach, scope, distance, (v) line, arrange, order,
rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad,
classify.
otlamak 1. grass (imen, ot); synonyms (n)
denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 2. crop (rn);
synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze,
reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj)
clip, shear, 3. feed (beslemek, yemek);
synonyms (v) eat, dine, nurture, board, diet,
346
Turkish - English
encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, fertilize,

(n) aliment, food, provender, fare; antonym (v)
starve.
otobs bus; synonyms (n) automobile, autobus, car,
coach, vehicle, busbar, charabanc, motorbus,
omnibus.
otomatik automatic; synonyms (adj) instinctive,
involuntary, automated, mechanical, reflex,
spontaneous, unconscious; antonyms (adj) manual,
deliberate, voluntary.
otomobil 1. car (araba); synonyms (n) automobile,
auto, carriage, coach, truck, vehicle, tramcar, coupe,
jalopy, gondola, machine, motorcar, railcar,
limousine, 2. motor (motor); synonyms (n)
engine, car, locomotive, conductor, (adj) motive, (v)
drive, ride, travel.
otonom autonomous (zerk); synonyms (adj)
independent, sovereign, autonomic, free, separate;
antonym (adj) dependent.
otonomi autonomy (zerklik); synonyms (n)
independence, freedom, autocracy, liberty,
sovereignty; antonym (n) dependence.
otorite 1. authority (yetki); synonyms (n)
authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge,
power, professional, rule, warrant, lordship,
agency, 2. arm (kol); synonyms (n) branch, wing,
bay, department, division, limb, might, offshoot,
section, sleeve, weapon, (v) equip, furnish, outfit,
provide; antonym (v) disarm, 3. power (g,
iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency,
authority, control, energy, intensity, strength,
effectiveness, effect, (v) influence, dominion,
faculty, capacity, efficacy; antonyms (n)
otoriter authoritative (yetkili); synonyms (adj)
official, absolute, authoritarian, authorized,
commanding, imperious, influential, magistral,
powerful, authorised, certain, definitive, dictatorial,
(n) authentic, (v) departmental; antonym (adj)
informal.
otoyol 1. motorway; synonyms (n) expressway,
freeway, superhighway, throughway, thruway,
pike, 2. highway (anayol); synonyms (n) road,
highroad, way, course, path, route, street,
thoroughfare.
oturak stool (tabure); synonyms (n) chair, seat,
bench, dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form,
movement, throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper,
lavatory.
oturan sitting; synonyms (v) incubation, batching,
gestation, (n) session, seat, meeting, seance, posing,
(adj) seated, inactive.
oturma 1. sitting; synonyms (v) incubation, batching,
gestation, (n) session, seat, meeting, seance, posing,
(adj) seated, inactive, 2. residence; synonyms (n)
abode, dwelling, home, house, accommodation,

domicile, lodging, occupancy, habitation, mansion,
place, manse, abidance, apartment, hall, 3. stay
(kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside,
rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause,
arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt;
oturmak 1. sit; synonyms (v) model, pose, rest, ride,
place, posture, put, seat, set, squat, meet, hold,
convene, locate, mount; antonyms (v) stand, rise, 2.
live (canl, yaamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit,
reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay,
survive, (adj) alive, active, animate, living, (n) go;
antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate.
oturtmak 1. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place,
bench, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks,
chair, position, post, posterior, (v) locate, put,
contain, hold, 2. sit (oturmak); synonyms (v)
model, pose, rest, ride, posture, seat, set, squat,
meet, convene, mount, stand, settle, sprawl;
antonym (v) rise.
oturum 1. session; synonyms (n) meeting, seance,
sitting, conference, bout, consultation, convention,
class, period, stretch, discussion, 2. hearing;
synonyms (n) audition, earshot, ear, trial, sound,
reach, examination, inquiry, interview, listening,
earreach, (adj) audience, auditory; antonym (adj)
deaf, 3. sitting; synonyms (v) incubation, batching,
gestation, (n) session, seat, posing, (adj) seated,
inactive.
otuz thirty; synonyms (n) xxx, termination, dash, (adj)
thretty.
ova plain (ak, dz); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, clear,
downright, easy, evident, homely, humble, level,
manifest, obvious, simple, (n) flat; antonyms (adj)
elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored,
ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, twocolored.
oy vote; synonyms (n) ballot, election, poll, suffrage,
franchise, voting, choice, balloting, (v) voice, elect.
oylama 1. voting; synonyms (adj) elective, (n) vote,
ballot, balloting, poll, election, suffrage, division,
appointment, determination, 2. poll; synonyms (n)
head, crown, pate, inquiry, capitulum, count, (v)
canvass, parrot, pollard, canvas, list, muster,
research, survey, enumerate, 3. vote (oy);
synonyms (n) franchise, voting, choice, (v) voice,
elect.
oylum 1. volume (cilt, hacim); synonyms (n) bulk,
size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension,
journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness, 2.
bulk (hacim, yn); synonyms (n) majority,
volume, body, extent, thickness, scale, aggregate,
Turkish - English
immensity, bigness, dimensions, freight, (v) bulge,
pouch, protrude, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority.
oymak 1. tribe (kabile); synonyms (n) family, clan,
house, folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race,
stock, lineage, breed, line, folks, kind, 2. bore;
synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill,
(v) interest, excite, fascinate.
oynak mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid,
oynama play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, pastime,
(n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol;
antonym (v) work.
oynamak 1. play; synonyms (v) act, pastime, enact,
exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, (n)
frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol;
antonym (v) work, 2. move (hareket, tanmak);
synonyms (v) affect, carry, excite, go, impel,
instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear,
disturb, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v)
stay, 3. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak);
statute, decree, do, feat, law, (v) achievement,
behave, deed, acquit, feign, operate; antonym (v)
refrain, 4. dance (dans, dans etmek); synonyms
(n) dancing, party, (v) bound, caper, hop, bop,
cavort, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle,
prance, ramp, 5. work (alma, almak, i);
synonyms (n) business, employment, function, task,
book, composition, (v) labor, toil, cultivate, exploit,
ferment, form, manipulate, (adj) job, trade;
antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 6. sport (spor);
synonyms (n) jest, fun, romp, amusement, disport,
mutant, recreation, freak, entertainment, mutation,
prank, merriment, pleasure, athletics, (v) boast.
oynamak spoon; synonyms (n) ladle, spoonful,
shovel, trowel, (v) scoop, smooch, dip, snog.
oynatmak 1. move (hareket, tanmak); synonyms
drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 2. dance (dans,
dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, party, (v)
bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, play, jump, shake,
skip, step, beat, dandle, prance, 3. screen (ekran,
perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle,
disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield,
conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak.
oysa whereas; synonyms (conj) though, while,
whenas, where, (adv) although, when, then, (prep)
because.
347
oyuk 1. hole (delik); synonyms (n) cavity, aperture,

crack, den, pocket, breach, break, burrow, cave,
corner, depression, fix, hollow, lair, (adj) gap, 2.
bore; synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill,
(v) interest, excite, fascinate, 3. pit (ukur);
synonyms (n) dent, hole, grave, colliery, excavation,
mine, stone, crater, fossa, indentation, kernel, (v)
ditch, oppose, mark, match, 4. socket; synonyms
(n) alveolus, sleeve, slot, recess, sheath, compass,
employment, fitment, fob, overshot, pouch,
province, rank, scabbard, sphere.
oyun 1. game; synonyms (n) amusement, fun,
match, play, prey, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, (v)
bet, gamble, wager, 2. device (aygt); synonyms
(n) contrivance, apparatus, appliance, artifice,
emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention,
plan, trick, way, design, dodge, expedient, 3. play
(oynamak); synonyms (v) act, pastime, enact,
exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, (n)
frolic, game, gambol, romp, jest, caper; antonym (v)
work, 4. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit,
deception, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, knack,
(v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con,
mislead, beguile, 5. dance (dans, dans etmek);
synonyms (n) dancing, party, (v) bound, hop, bop,
cavort, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle,
prance, ramp, spring, 6. sport (spor); synonyms
(n) disport, mutant, recreation, freak, mutation,
merriment, pleasure, athletics, derision, mockery,
gaming, hobby, (v) boast, lark, brandish.
oyuncak 1. sport (spor); synonyms (n) frolic, play,
jest, pastime, diversion, fun, romp, joke,
amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak,
exercise, (v) gambol, 2. toy; synonyms (n)
plaything, gimcrack, (adj) miniature, trick, (v)
coquet, dally, fiddle, flirt, sport, trifle, act, trinket,
tinker, fool, dawdle.
oyuncu player; synonyms (n) musician, actor,
participant, contestant, histrion, instrumentalist,
performer, thespian, artiste, competitor, artist,
athlete, entrant.
oyuncular cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms (v) hurl,
casting, mold.
oyunculuk acting; synonyms (adj) active, interim,
temporary, provisional, (n) enactment, drama,
playing; antonym (adj) permanent.
ozan poet; synonyms (n) bard, author, maker, lyricist,
muse, manufacturer, meditate, muset, novelist,
playwright, writer, artist, balladist, critic,
dilettante.
ozon ozone; synonym (n) air.
348
Turkish - English
bek group (grup, kme); synonyms (n) bunch,

brigade, collection, crowd, flock, gang, association,
clump, company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class,
cluster, rank, sort.
br 1. other (baka, dier); synonyms (adj)
opposite, added; antonym (adj) same, 2. far
(uzak); synonyms (adv) wide, off, widely, well,
astray, (adj) distant, aloof, faraway, remote, much,
outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonyms
(adv) close, briefly, (adj) near.
revenge; synonyms (n) reprisal, retaliation,
retribution, vengeance, grudge, payback,
punishment, revengement, (v) avenge, retaliate,
repay, requite, vindicate, punish.
d 1. bile (safra); synonyms (n) anger, gall, ebullition,
ferment, fume, pucker, fury, indignation, rage,
malice, antipathy, bitterness, colera, dislike, hatred,
2. gall; synonyms (n) cheek, audacity, acerbity,
acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate,
impertinence, impudence, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk,
irritate.
deme 1. payment; synonyms (n) pay, compensation,
bonus, charge, cost, defrayal, expense, recompense,
remuneration, installment, deposit, contribution,
defrayment, duty, (adj) penalty; antonym (n) nonpayment, 2. pay (maa, demek); synonyms (v)
compensate, liquidate, yield, afford, clear, expend,
give, remunerate, (n) wage, earnings, fee, salary,
allowance, devote, income; antonym (v) owe, 3.
settlement; synonyms (n) decision,
dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, absolve, complete,
detonate, disgorge, empty; antonyms (v) capture,
hire, 5. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n)
enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, delight,
discharge, ease, expiation, fulfillment, (v)
contentment, gratification; antonyms (n)
discontent, 6. redemption; synonyms (n) ransom,
salvation, buyback, performance, repurchase,
acquittal, observance, rescue, satisfaction.
demek 1. pay (maa); synonyms (v) compensate,
compensation, liquidate, yield, afford, clear,
expend, give, (n) recompense, wage, earnings, fee,
salary, allowance, devote; antonym (v) owe, 2.

dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, absolve, complete,
detonate, disgorge, empty; antonyms (v) capture,
hire, 3. repay; synonyms (v) pay, reimburse,
reward, refund, render, redeem, remunerate,
requite, return, replace, restore, retort, reciprocate,
recoup, (n) answer, 4. settle; synonyms (v) fix,
place, clarify, establish, regulate, resolve, set,
adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide,
determine, drop, (adj) confirm, 5. satisfy
(memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content,
fill, indulge, meet, persuade, sate, satiate, appease,
assuage, convince, delight, execute, (adj) suffice, do;
antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease,
intensify.
denebilir payable; synonyms (adj) due, owing,
collectable, outstanding, collectible, owed, unpaid.
denecek payable; synonyms (adj) due, owing,
collectable, outstanding, collectible, owed, unpaid.
denek 1. allowance; synonyms (n) allotment,
admission, discount, quota, tolerance, maintenance,
abatement, acknowledgment, adjustment,
allocation, compensation, concession, deduction,
fee, grant, 2. allocation (tahsis etme); synonyms
(n) portion, allowance, share, apportioning,
apportionment, appropriation, assignment,
distribution, measure, part, proportion, ration.
denmemi outstanding; synonyms (adj) eminent,
due, conspicuous, great, owing, famous,
distinguished, excellent, exceptional, notable,
noteworthy, prominent, unpaid, major, brilliant;
antonyms (adj) ordinary, paid, inferior.
denmi 1. paid; synonyms (v) compensated, (adj)
gainful, paying, salaried, nonrecreational,
profitable, remunerated, remunerative, mercenary,
apaid, compensable, hired, hireling, lucrative,
rewarding; antonyms (adj) unpaid, due, owing, 2.
settled; synonyms (adj) definite, fixed, set, firm,
permanent, calm, certain, decided, established,
defined, formed, confirmed, finished, sedate,
standing; antonym (adj) uninhabited.
dev 1. obligation; synonyms (n) debt, bond,
covenant, job, compulsion; antonym (n) option, 2.
homework; synonyms (n) preparation,
assignment, assignments, coursework, drill,
formulation, grooming, grounding, practice, prep,
revision, training, planning, provision, readying, 3.
duty; synonyms (n) business, function, chore,
obligation, dues, must, office, part, tax, work, post,
custom, assessment, commission, deference, 4.
task (grev); synonyms (n) enterprise, labor,
project, stint, occupation, activity, mission,
problem, affair, employment, lesson, undertaking,
agendum, (v) exercise, exact.
Turkish - English
dl 1. reward; synonyms (n) pay, return, guerdon,
payment, wage, bribe, fee, premium, award, (v)
recompense, compensation, meed, prize, repay,
requite; antonym (v) punish, 2. award; synonyms
(n) judgment, accolade, decoration, medal,
commendation, (v) accord, grant, bestow, confer,
honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 3.
premium (prim); synonyms (n) bonus, agio,
bounty, extra, price, reward, agiotage, (adj)
superior; antonym (adj) inferior, 4. prize;
synonyms (n) plunder, treasure, booty, loot, trophy,
honour, (v) appreciate, esteem, cherish, value,
admire, pry, evaluate, appraise, (adj) choice, 5.
purse; synonyms (n) pocket, bag, pouch, handbag,
pocketbook, container, pod, (v) pucker, wrinkle,
crease, contract.
dllendirmek reward (dl); synonyms (n) pay,
return, guerdon, payment, wage, bribe, fee,
premium, award, (v) recompense, compensation,
meed, prize, repay, requite; antonym (v) punish.
dn concession (imtiyaz); synonyms (n)
abatement, assent.
fke 1. anger (hiddet, kzgnlk); synonyms (n)
placate, pacify, calm, 2. irritation; synonyms (n)
aggravation, exasperation, anger, bother,
excitation, excitement, temper, annoying,
frustration, irritability, nuisance, pique, vexation,
botheration, stimulation, 3. heat (s); synonyms
(n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric,
estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, chafe, foment, (adj) fever,
passion, flush; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 4.
steam (buu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog,
exhale, smoke, cook, pull, boil, heat, (adj) gas, 5.
rage; synonyms (n) frenzy, craze, fad, fashion,
madness, mania, delirium, furor, vogue, (v) bluster,
storm, (adj) flame, ire, ferocity, foam.
fkelendirmek anger (hiddet, kzgnlk, fke);

synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation,
resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense,
aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend,
wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v)
please, placate, pacify, calm.
fkeli 1. angry (kzgn); synonyms (adj) furious,
pleased, gentle, 2. cross (ha); synonyms (n)
thwart, bilk, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry,
349
cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky;

antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) good-tempered.
e 1. element; synonyms (n) component, constituent,
ingredient, factor, substance, fundamental, feature,
matter, origin, part, unit, cause, module, point,
article, 2. item (kalem, madde, para);
synonyms (n) piece, detail, entry, object, subject,
thing, affair, event, clause, entity, fact, particular,
regard, element, (adv) also, 3. constituent;
synonyms (adj) integral, (n) division, elector, item,
member, agent; antonyms (n) aggregate, composite,
whole, 4. component (bileen, para);
synonyms (n) accessory, portion, section.
le noon (le vakti); synonyms (n) midday,
noonday, noontide, crest, lunchtime, (adj) meridian,
culmination, meridional.
renci 1. student; synonyms (n) scholar, learner,
disciple, pupil, apprentice, novice, savant, trainee,
beginner, educatee; antonym (n) teacher, 2. pupil;
synonyms (n) follower, student, schoolchild,
adherent, tyro, ward.
renim education (eitim); synonyms (n) training,
tuition.
renme learning; synonyms (n) erudition,
acquisition, education, enlightenment, culture,
scholarship, wisdom, acquirement, edification,
letter, literature, lore, reading, (v) knowledge,
instruction.
renmek 1. learn; synonyms (v) discover, get, know,
find, ascertain, have, hear, determine, acquire, con,
perceive, study, tell, understand, gather, 2. hear
(duymak); synonyms (v) attend, apprehend, catch,
examine, learn, listen, overhear, see, try,
comprehend, hearken, heed, judge, receive,
attempt, 3. understand (anlamak); synonyms (v)
interpret, recognize, realize, appreciate, assume,
believe, construe, deduce, grasp, read, translate,
discern, suppose, consider, (adj) take; antonyms (v)
misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand.
reti doctrine; synonyms (n) creed, belief, credo,
dogma, philosophy, conviction, lesson, canon,
faith, gospel, ism, principle, school, tenet.
retim 1. teaching; synonyms (n) education,
instruction, indoctrination, doctrine, pedagogy,
precept, training, advice, edification, breeding,
enlightenment, principle, 2. instruction (talimat,
ynerge); synonyms (n) charge, command,
counsel, direction, guidance, guideline,
information, injunction, prescription, teaching,
bidding, commission, decree, drill, lecture, 3.
education (eitim); synonyms (n) discipline,
background, culture, knowledge, learning, nurture,
schooling, literacy, tuition, experience, preparation.
350
Turkish - English
retme teaching; synonyms (n) education,

instruction, indoctrination, doctrine, pedagogy,
precept, training, advice, edification, breeding,
enlightenment, principle.
retmek 1. teach; synonyms (v) inform, enlighten,
coach, educate, instruct, indoctrinate, drill, learn,
lecture, school, direct, discipline, form, (adj) guide,
show, 2. school (okul); synonyms (n) academy,
class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm,
denomination, institution, (v) train, cultivate, edify,
teach, civilise, (adj) educational, 3. introduce;
synonyms (v) insert, interject, inject, acquaint,
advance, enter, exhibit, implant, inaugurate, infuse,
initiate, precede, present, instill, interpose;
antonym (v) end, 4. show (gsteri, gstermek);
synonyms (v) broadcast, expose, indicate, parade,
demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, (n)
display, appearance, produce, ostentation,
presentation, pageant; antonyms (v) conceal,
disprove, hide.
retmen 1. teacher; synonyms (n) instructor,
master, coach, preceptor, educator, mentor, tutor,
guide, missionary, trainer, adviser, counselor,
guru; antonym (n) student, 2. instructor;
synonyms (n) teacher, lecturer, institutor.
n meal (yemek); synonyms (n) food, feed, flour,
repast, banquet, spread, bite.
t 1. advice; synonyms (n) admonition, caution,
counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction,
intelligence, monition, notice, report, tidings,
advisement, announcement, communication,
direction, 2. counsel (avukat, t vermek);
synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, consultation,
counselor, guidance, recommendation, (v) advice,
advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, urge,
warn, direct, 3. recommendation; synonyms (n)
praise, commendation, suggestion, advocacy,
reference, approval, proposal, endorsement,
testimonial.
tlemek advise (tavsiye etmek); synonyms (v)
admonish, acquaint, inform, propose, recommend,
suggest, warn, apprise, caution, exhort, forewarn,
instruct, notify, offer, tell; antonym (v) oppose.
ke heel (topuk); synonyms (n) blackguard, counter,
dog, cad, scoundrel, shoe, sole, villain, bounder, (v)
list, lean.
lek 1. scale; synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree,
balance; antonym (v) descend, 2. measure
(lmek, l, nlem); synonyms (n) amount,
criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, estimate,
measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment,
action, (v) grade, appraise, assess.
leklemek scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,

lme 1. measuring; synonyms (n) measure,
measurement, mensuration, amount, bar, beat, bill,
cadence, comparison, criterion, meter, quantity,
quantum, step, 2. measurement (lm);
synonyms (n) dimension, gauge, magnitude,
proportion, observation, extent, size, valuation,
estimation, breadth, measuring, weight, appraisal,
evaluation.
lmek 1. measure (l, nlem); synonyms (n)
amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, degree,
estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act,
allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, 2. gauge
(l); synonyms (n) caliber, gage, calibre, (v)
measure, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make,
reckon, forecast, scale, evaluate, figure, guess.
l 1. gauge; synonyms (n) criterion, caliber, gage,
calibre, (v) estimate, measure, calculate, assess,
compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale,
appraise, 2. measure (lmek, nlem);
synonyms (n) amount, extent, beat, benchmark,
degree, measurement, meter, quantity, act,
allotment, action, bill, dose, (v) grade, evaluate, 3.
measurement (lm); synonyms (n) dimension,
gauge, magnitude, proportion, observation,
mensuration, size, valuation, estimation, breadth,
measuring, weight, appraisal, evaluation, 4. size
(boyut, byklk); synonyms (n) bulk, capacity,
dimensions, largeness, glue, mass, sizing, content,
bigness, compass, enormity, fatness, format,
greatness, (adj) gum; antonyms (n) length,
slenderness, 5. scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake,
gamut, graduation, yardstick, rate, chip, fur,
gradation, (v) ascend, climb, mount, weigh, rise,
peel, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend, 6. extent;
synonyms (n) extension, amplitude, expanse,
distance, boundary, purview, reach, scope, space,
spread, depth, latitude, limit, range, (v) area, 7. test
(snamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition,
experiment, examination, (v) assay, essay, examine,
prove, quiz, sample, check, try, analyze, attempt,
(adj) experimental.
ll 1. moderate (lml); synonyms (adj)
continent (kta); synonyms (n) land, delta,
peninsula, area, boundary, capacity, circle, circuit,
circumference, (adj) chaste, celibate, pure, abstinent,
sober, austere; antonym (adj) incontinent, 3.
careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) accurate,
careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful, 4. sober;
Turkish - English
synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, sane, earnest,
moderate, quiet, solemn, modest, demure, dull,
serene, somber, staid, severe; antonym (adj)
intoxicated.
lm 1. measurement; synonyms (n) dimension,
gauge, magnitude, measure, proportion,
observation, extent, mensuration, size, valuation,
estimation, breadth, measuring, weight, appraisal,
2. measure (lmek, l, nlem); synonyms
(n) amount, criterion, beat, benchmark, degree,
allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, assess.
ln standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model,
normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n)
degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm,
lszlk excess; synonyms (adj) extra, additional,
(n) surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora,
moderation, dearth, shortfall.
lt 1. criterion (kriter); synonyms (n) benchmark,
measure, norm, test, canon, mark, criterium, gauge,
pattern, principle, proof, rule, touchstone, 2.
canon; synonyms (n) doctrine, law, regulation,
code, criterion, formula, statute, creed, prebendary.
ldrme killing; synonyms (v) captivating,
fascinating, (n) homicide, carnage, manslaughter,
assassination, bloodshed, cleanup, kill, massacre,
murder, (adj) fatal, draining, deadly, pernicious.
ldrmek 1. kill; synonyms (v) assassinate, destroy,
erase, annihilate, eliminate, extinguish, finish, blast,
butcher, decimate, dispatch, eradicate, execute, (n)
murder, game, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud,
waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage, trash,
dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save.
ldrmemek spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender,
ldrc 1. fatal; synonyms (adj) calamitous, deadly,
destructive, disastrous, lethal, pestilent, dangerous,
deathly, fateful, mortal, grave, killing, malignant,
noxious, pernicious; antonym (adj) nonfatal, 2.
deadly; synonyms (adj) baneful, fatal, toxic,
virulent, poisonous, baleful, boring, deleterious,
pestilential, deathlike, dreary, dull, monotonous,
(adv) madly, (v) dead; antonym (adj) harmless, 3.
lethal; synonyms (adj) murderous, venomous.
lme death (lm); synonyms (n) demise, end,
expiration, close, exit, cessation, decease,
departure, dissolution, doom, dying, fate, loss,
351
mortality, passing; antonyms (n) birth, existence,

delivery.
lmek die; synonyms (v) decease, dead, death, depart,
expire, fall, go, pass, conk, croak, break, cease, fail,
(n) dice, matrix.
lm dead (l); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold,
defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased,
extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely;
antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living.
l 1. dead (lm); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless,
cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless,
deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right,
absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living,
2. corpse; synonyms (n) cadaver, carcass, body,
corse, remains, stiff, clay.
lm 1. death; synonyms (n) demise, end, expiration,
close, exit, cessation, decease, departure,
dissolution, doom, dying, fate, loss, mortality,
passing; antonyms (n) birth, existence, delivery, 2.
demise; synonyms (n) death, collapse, release, fall,
(v) perish, die, lease, let; antonym (n) beginning, 3.
dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup,
dismissal, annulment, dissipation, adjournment,
disintegration, licentiousness, resolution, catalysis,
closure.
lmcl fatal; synonyms (adj) calamitous, deadly,
destructive, disastrous, lethal, pestilent, dangerous,
deathly, fateful, mortal, grave, killing, malignant,
noxious, pernicious; antonym (adj) nonfatal.
lmllk mortality; synonyms (n) fatality, death,
flesh, humanity, mankind, deathrate, morbidity,
(adj) caducity, fugacity, impermanence; antonym (n)
immortality.
mr 1. lifetime; synonyms (n) age, life, lifespan, day,
decade, hour, time, animation, being, abode,
aliveness, biography, century, cottage, (adj) lifelong,
2. life (hayat); synonyms (n) energy, spirit,
activity, dash, enthusiasm, existence, exuberance,
live, briskness, career, autobiography, endurance,
lifetime, liveliness, living; antonym (n) lethargy.
n 1. front; synonyms (adj) head, fore, anterior,
preceding, (n) countenance, forefront, appearance,
disguise, facade, frontage, brow, audacity, (v) face,
confront, look; antonyms (n) rear, end, (v) back, 2.
preliminary (ilk); synonyms (adj) introductory,
prefatory, early, inaugural, elementary, first,
preparatory, proemial, (n) prelude, preface, prelim,
introduction, overture; antonym (n) final.
nad adjective; synonyms (adj) adjectival, procedural.
nce 1. before (nnde); synonyms (prep) fore,
beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago,
behind, after, afterward, 2. ago; synonyms (adv)
formerly, erst, since, back, over, backwards,
352
Turkish - English
afterwards, erewhile, syne, whilom, contrarily,

reflexively, (adj) past, agone, 3. firstly; synonyms
(adv) first, foremost, initially, originally, basically;
antonym (adv) lastly, 4. back (arka, geri, srt);
synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj)
assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede,
second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion,
encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose,
advance.
nceden 1. beforehand; synonyms (adv) before,
ahead, early, previously, aforehand, first, formerly,
forward, (adj) advance, already, afore, 2.
previously; synonyms (adv) beforehand,
antecedently, earlier, once, fore, 3. formerly;
synonyms (adv) aforetime, erst, erstwhile, originally,
sometime, sometimes.
nceki 1. former (eski); synonyms (adv) before, (adj)
previous, prior, original, deceased, past, preceding,
foremost, primary, (n) predecessor; antonym (adj)
future, 2. old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated,
obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly,
hoary, mature, stale; antonyms (adj) new, young,
modern, fresh, latest, novel, youthful, 3. prior;
synonyms (adj) preliminary, advance, introductory,
(n) abbot, cenobite, conventual; antonym (adj)
subsequent.
ncel predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor,
descendant.
ncelik priority; synonyms (n) precedence,
antecedence, antecedency, anteriority, precedency,
preference, rank, superiority, supremacy.
ncelikle first (birinci, ilk); synonyms (adv) foremost,
before, rather, early, (adj) best, beginning, chief,
primitive, former, forward, head, initial, leading,
maiden, (n) commencement; antonyms (adj) last,
final, (n) end.
nc leader (lider); synonyms (n) chief, guide, boss,
straggler.
nclk lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct,
antonym (v) follow.
nde 1. ahead; synonyms (adv) before, beforehand,
front, (n) lead; antonyms (adv) behind, late, 2.
before (nce, nnde); synonyms (prep) facing,
(adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, ere,
heretofore, once, (adj) preceding, prior, rather;

antonyms (prep) later, after, afterward.
ndeki 1. forward (gndermek, ileri); synonyms
(adv) onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold,
audacious, advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v)
advance, expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr)
dispatch; antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy,
posterior, 2. front (n); synonyms (adj) head,
audacity, battlefront, (v) face, confront, look;
antonyms (n) rear, end, (v) back.
nden before (nce, nnde); synonyms (prep) fore,
beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago,
behind, after, afterward.
nder leader (lider); synonyms (n) chief, guide, boss,
straggler.
nderlik leadership; synonyms (n) guidance,
command, lead, control, direction, authority,
generalship, administration, influence, conduct,
government, leading, management, supervision,
supremacy.
nem 1. magnitude (byklk); synonyms (n)
extent, bulk, consequence, amount, dimension,
mass, proportion, size, weight, amplitude,
greatness, degree, largeness, moment, intensity;
antonym (n) triviality, 2. importance; synonyms
(n) account, gravity, dignity, import, concern,
emphasis, prominence, stress, value, influence,
magnitude, matter, prestige, seriousness,
significance; antonyms (n) insignificance,
unimportance, 3. account (hesap); synonyms (n)
bill, narrative, reckoning, regard, score, tale,
description, explanation, history, narration, reason,
recital, story, tab, (v) report, 4. moment (an);
synonyms (n) importance, flash, instant, jiffy,
minute, bit, second, time, hour, juncture, occasion,
point, trice, twinkling, wink, 5. prominence;
synonyms (n) eminence, hump, protuberance,
height, bulge, distinction, projection, celebrity,
fame, bump, extrusion, gibbosity, jut, reputation,
(adj) renown; antonym (n) obscurity, 6. severity;
synonyms (n) cruelty, austerity, harshness, rigor,
asperity, inclemency, roughness, difficulty,
grimness, hardness, hardship, inflexibility,
rigorousness, rigour, (adj) simplicity; antonyms (n)
gentleness, leniency, clemency, flexibility,
pleasantness, 7. significance (anlam); synonyms
(n) sense, connotation, meaning, purport, effect,
intent, implication, gist, interest, content,
signification, substance, worth, moral, idea, 8.
stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) accent,
Turkish - English
pressure, tension, force, pinch, effort, accentuation,
anxiety, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate,
emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble, 9.
emphasis (vurgu); synonym (n) vehemence, 10.
import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) betoken,
core, drift, express, denotation, export, (v) denote,
imply, introduce, mean, spell, carry, bring, indicate,
intend, 11. consideration; synonyms (n) respect,
attention, care, reflection, thought, cogitation,
conception, deliberation, notice, tact,
thoughtfulness, advisement, caution, compassion,
(v) condition; antonyms (n) thoughtlessness,
impulsiveness, inconsideration, 12. consequence;
synonyms (n) outcome, product, result, aftermath,
conclusion, corollary, event, backwash, end,
impact, inference, issue, repercussion, sequel,
upshot; antonyms (n) cause, inconsequence, 13.
gravity; synonyms (n) earnestness, solemnity,
graveness, gravitation, sedateness, staidness,
gloominess, sobriety, somberness, (v) poise;
antonyms (n) flippancy, lightheartedness, 14.
matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n)
affair, business, material, incident, article, body,
item, subject, topic, instance, fact, occurrence, (v)
case, count, weigh, 15. meaning (anlam);
synonyms (n) design, essence, aim, intention,
interpretation, overtone, plan, purpose, spirit,
tenor, understanding, construction, bearing, goal,
message, 16. value; synonyms (n) merit, cost,
appraise, rate, (v) price, appreciate, assess, esteem,
evaluate, cherish, estimate, measure, prize, rank,
revere; antonyms (n) disadvantage, futility,
uselessness, 17. weight (arlk); synonyms (n)
load, burden, charge, heaviness, ballast, bias,
avoirdupois, validity, authority, freight,
weightiness, weighting, power, (v) counterweight,
tax.
nemli 1. important; synonyms (adj) essential, grave,
fundamental, significant, chief, crucial, key,
remarkable, serious, earnest, authoritative, big,
central, consequential, considerable; antonyms (adj)
unimportant, insignificant, trivial, minor,
irrelevant, low, worthless, 2. significant;
synonyms (adj) important, material, momentous,
meaningful, critical, emphatic, expressive,
indicative, major, pregnant, relevant, substantial,
meaning, solemn, (v) influential; antonym (adj)
small, 3. substantial; synonyms (adj) actual, solid,
firm, real, strong, palpable, sturdy, sound, concrete,
ample, corporeal, durable, hearty, heavy, hefty;
antonyms (adj) insubstantial, ethereal, fine, 4. great
(byk); synonyms (adj) eminent, famous,
gigantic, distinguished, extensive, extreme, grand,
large, capital, celebrated, dignified, fantastic,
glorious, good, massive; antonyms (adj) awful, tiny,
mild, 5. big (byk); synonyms (adj) thick,
generous, adult, bad, burly, great, high, liberal,
353
magnanimous, noble, spacious, stout, vast, loud,

boastful; antonyms (adj) little, puny, 6. serious
(ar, ciddi); synonyms (adj) sedate, austere, hard,
dangerous, grievous, sad, sober, deep, severe,
weighty, devout, acute, dull, grim, (v) demure;
flippant, humorous, playful, slight, 7. historic;
synonyms (adj) historical, monumental, past,
traditional, aged, ancient, auspicious,
breakthrough, diachronic, eventful, innovative,
innovatory, memorable, milestone, pioneering, 8.
heavy (ar); synonyms (adj) dark, dense, fat, full,
gross, arduous, bulky, burdensome, oppressive,
compact, awkward, cumbersome, grueling,
overweight, ponderous; antonyms (adj) light, easy,
slim, thin, gentle, skinny, 9. grand (byk);
synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous, elevated,
exalted, majestic, superb, beautiful, brilliant, heroic,
huge, immense, impressive, lordly, magnificent,
proud; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble,
modest, 10. considerable; synonyms (adj) sizable,
pretty, fair, goodly, handsome, marked, much,
respectable, sizeable; antonym (adj) faint.
nemsememek slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender,
thin, fragile, delicate, faint, (n) scorn, disdain, (v)
nemsemeyen unaware; synonyms (adj) ignorant,
incognizant, unwitting, unconscious, unknowing,
blind, oblivious; antonyms (adj) aware, cognizant.
nemsiz 1. minor (kk); synonyms (adj) little,
inferior, insignificant, junior, lesser, lower, small,
inconsequential, less, marginal, negligible, petty,
secondary, (n) child, juvenile; antonyms (adj) major,
important, significant, basic, chief, fundamental,
leading, main, overriding, superseding, serious,
considerable, extensive, greater, senior, 2. trivial;
synonyms (adj) frivolous, trifling, commonplace,
inconsiderable, paltry, piddling, slight, superficial,
trite, hackneyed, banal, immaterial, minor, light,
idle; antonyms (adj) vital, profound, urgent, 3.
slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile,
delicate, faint, feeble, (n) scorn, disdain, (v)
disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut;
antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe,
thickset, wide, 4. petty; synonyms (adj) trivial,
mean, puny, minute, exiguous, measly, fiddling,
fine, footling, niggling, tiny, unimportant, insular,
diminutive, picayune, 5. indifferent (ilgisiz,
kaytsz); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold,
cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned,
careless, dull, average, aloof, casual, detached,
disinterested; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic,
fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved,
surprised, 6. small (kk); synonyms (adj)
narrow, inadequate, low, remote, cramped, young,
354
Turkish - English
limited, humble, miniature, minuscule, modest,

short, scanty, ungenerous, outside; antonyms (adj)
bulky, colossal, enormous, extra-large, great, huge,
sizeable, giant, (syn) big, large.
ner suggest (nermek); synonyms (v) allude,
imply, indicate, offer, advise, hint, intimate,
propose, submit, counsel, proffer, point, connote,
insinuate, mean; antonym (v) withdraw.
nerge 1. motion (devinim, hareket); synonyms (n)
gesture, action, movement, wave, exercise,
gesticulation, play, passage, application, move,
question, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate, signal, 2.
resolution; synonyms (n) decision, determination,
answer, conclusion, firmness, purpose, resolve,
solution, decomposition, analysis, constancy,
dissolution, fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness;
antonym (n) indecisiveness, 3. proposal;
synonyms (n) motion, advice, proposition,
suggestion, offer, overture, plan, proffer,
hypothesis, presentation, bid, design, idea, view,
advocacy.
neri 1. suggestion; synonyms (n) hint, advice,
intimation, proposal, allusion, counsel, dash,
proposition, recommendation, sign, touch, trace,
clue, implication, indication, 2. proposal;
synonyms (n) motion, suggestion, offer, overture,
plan, proffer, hypothesis, presentation, bid, design,
idea, view, question, advocacy, contemplation, 3.
proposition (nerme); synonyms (n) approach,
assertion, premise, advance, position, principle,
scheme, axiom, lemma, allegation, device,
application, law, (v) suggest, propose.
nerme 1. proposition; synonyms (n) offer, overture,
bid, motion, proposal, approach, assertion, design,
plan, suggestion, premise, advance, position,
principle, (v) proffer, 2. thesis (sav); synonyms (n)
dissertation, matter, argument, essay, theme, topic,
hypothesis, proposition, contention, composition,
paper, treatise, discourse, opinion, review, 3.
suggestion (neri); synonyms (n) hint, advice,
intimation, allusion, counsel, dash,
recommendation, sign, touch, trace, clue,
implication, indication, inkling, insinuation.
nermek 1. suggest; synonyms (v) allude, imply,
indicate, offer, advise, hint, intimate, propose,
submit, counsel, proffer, point, connote, insinuate,
mean; antonym (v) withdraw, 2. propose;
synonyms (v) bid, design, nominate, plan, aim,
intend, move, suggest, advocate, introduce,
present, project, broach, contemplate, (n) advance,
3. vote (oy); synonyms (n) ballot, election, poll,
suffrage, franchise, voting, choice, balloting, (v)
voice, elect.
ngrmek predict; synonyms (v) anticipate, augur,
forecast, foresee, foretell, portend, bode, divine,
forebode, foreshadow, foreshow, presage, expect,
herald, betoken.
nlem 1. measure (lmek, l); synonyms (n)

amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, degree,
allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, 2. step
(adm, basamak); synonyms (n) measure, stage,
walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, footprint,
footstep, move, stride, advance, (v) pace,
proceeding, tread.
nleme prevention; synonyms (n) avoidance, bar,
exclusion, interference, prohibition, restraint,
prenotion; antonym (n) success.
nlemek 1. prevent; synonyms (v) obstruct,
anticipate, block, forbid, arrest, avert, avoid, bar,
debar, exclude, forestall, hamper, impede, obviate,
(n) hinder; antonym (v) encourage, 2. stay (kalma,
stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, bide, dwell,
support, (n) delay, halt, (adj) cease; antonyms (v)
nsz introduction (giri); synonyms (n) induction,
beginning, foreword, insertion, preface,
opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript.
nmzdeki forthcoming; synonyms (adj) future,
coming, approaching, imminent, outgoing,
upcoming, oncoming, pending, extroverted,
gracious, (v) batching, brewing; antonym (adj)
reserved.
nnde before (nce); synonyms (prep) fore, beyond,
facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier,
already, forward, previously, beforehand, ere, (adj)
preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later, behind,
after, afterward.
nyarg 1. bias; synonyms (n) penchant, drift,
influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry,
(v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality,
diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality,
fairness, 2. prejudice; synonyms (n) bias,
disadvantage, discrimination, hurt, preconception,
detriment, inclination, racism, injustice, loss, (v)
harm, damage, predispose, injure, incline; antonym
(n) tolerance.
nyklemek boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang,
charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill.
pmek kiss (pck); synonyms (n) buss, brush,
osculation, salute, touch, (v) caress, embrace,
osculate, love.
pck kiss (pmek); synonyms (n) buss, brush,
osculation, salute, touch, (v) caress, embrace,
osculate, love.
rdek duck; synonyms (n) darling, canvas, (v) dip,
douse, plunge, dodge, circumvent, dive, evade,
souse, bob, avoid, crouch, dunk, elude.
Turkish - English
rge motif; synonyms (n) design, idea, motive,
pattern, subject, theme, figure, text, matter, tune,
badge, base, chorus, composition, crest.
rgensel organic (organik); synonyms (adj)
constitutional, natural, constitutive, fundamental,
constituent, inherent, structural, whole, raw;
antonym (adj) refined.
rg knitting; synonyms (n) knit, knitwork, plain.
rgt 1. organization; synonyms (n) order,
establishment, administration, arrangement,
concern, enterprise, 2. organism (organizma);
synonyms (n) being, organization, animal, life,
beast.
rgtlemek organize (dzenlemek); synonyms (v)
establish, coordinate, constitute, devise, direct, fix,
form, institute, regulate, compose, conduct,
engineer, found, make, (n) arrange; antonym (v)
disorganize.
rgtlenme organization (rgt); synonyms (n)
order, establishment, administration, arrangement,
concern, enterprise.
rme knitting; synonyms (n) knit, knitwork, plain.
rmek spin (dndrmek); synonyms (n) turn, twirl,
whirl, revolution, roll, ride, eddy, (v) revolve, twist,
run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent.
rnek 1. sample; synonyms (n) example, instance,
specimen, model, pattern, assay, case, illustration,
exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj)
test, 2. example; synonyms (n) lead, sample,
guide, paradigm, precedent, prototype, archetype,
piece, quotation, exemplification, exercise, ideal,
lesson, representative, warning, 3. model
(manken, model); synonyms (n) form, fashion,
image, dummy, figure, frame, epitome, manikin,
mannequin, original, template, (v) copy, imitate,
shape, carve; antonym (adj) atypical, 4. pattern
(desen); synonyms (n) mold, norm, order,
paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, formula,
make, custom, device, kind, method, plan, (v)
mould, 5. instance; synonyms (n) time, affair,
chance, cause, event, occasion, occurrence, casing,
(v) exemplify, illustrate, cite, entreaty, invitation,
solicitation, supplication, 6. specimen; synonyms
(n) person, type, 7. illustration; synonyms (n)
chart, depiction, description, demonstration,
drawing, explanation, picture, sketch, diagram,
exposition, likeness, portrayal, representation,
comparison, table, 8. norm; synonyms (n) average,
mean, measure, mode, criterion, median, gauge,
par, principle, rule, 9. piece (para); synonyms (n)
cut, division, fragment, part, article, component,
composition, hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk,
coin, constituent, 10. type (tip, tr, yazmak);
355
synonyms (n) character, nature, sort, breed,

category, stamp, brand, emblem, font, manner,
print, style, mark, class, genus.
rneklemek sample (rnek); synonyms (n) example,
essay, (adj) test.
rnekseme analogy (benzerlik); synonyms (n)
semblance, agreement, correspondence, parity,
resemblance, similarity, affinity, comparison,
likeness, parallel; antonym (n) dissimilarity.
rtmek 1. cover; synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top,
antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 2. cap;
synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, capital, base, ceiling,
crest, detonator, tip, closure, coif, (v) beat, limit,
surpass, better, complete, 3. cloak; synonyms (n)
veil, cape, masquerade, pall, curtain, guise, (v)
wrap, dissemble, hide, disguise, drape, envelop,
mantle, shroud, obscure; antonym (v) disclose.
rt 1. mask (maske, maskelemek); synonyms (n)
cover, conceal, veil, camouflage, screen, blind,
guise, curtain, pretense, blanket, (v) cloak, disguise,
hide, dissemble, masquerade; antonym (v) disclose,
2. cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, top, bury,
wrap, comprise, bind, (n) binding, cap, covering,
lid, mask, shield, spread, coating, canopy;
antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 3. blanket
(battaniye); synonyms (n) bedding, sheet,
counterpane, coverlet, mantle, quilt, shroud, (adj)
sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global, generic,
wholesale, broad, general, 4. covering; synonyms
(n) clothing, casing, apparel, case, concealment,
wrapper, awning, crust, envelope, film, layer, shell,
clothes, (adj) over, protective, 5. spread
(yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse,
expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse,
disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden,
deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated, 6.
canopy; synonyms (n) shade, ceiling, pavilion,
bubble, visor, 7. cloth (kuma); synonyms (n)
fabric, material, rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v)
napkin, 8. coat (palto); synonyms (n) fur, jacket,
bark, peel, pelt, tunic, (v) sheath, plaster, glaze,
finish, paint, plate, varnish, laminate, clothe.
rtk 1. implied; synonyms (adj) implicit,
understood, tacit, indirect, oblique, silent;
antonyms (adj) direct, explicit, 2. implicit;
synonyms (adj) undeclared, unsaid, implied,
inherent, unquestioning, virtual, practical.
rtl covered; synonyms (adj) hidden, veiled,
concealed, covert, coated, masked, obscured, secret,
shrouded, thick, wrapped, (prep) cloaked; antonyms
(adj) bare, naked.
356
Turkish - English
rtmek overlap; synonyms (n) lap, intersection,

overlay, convergence, (v) fold, cross, concur, match,
overreach, override, overgo, overjump.
rmcek spider; synonyms (n) lota, mussuk,
schooner, spinner, adapter, terrine, toby, urceus,
araneidan, cob, attercop, cobnut, fish, goatsucker,
pundit.
rnt pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model,
design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example,
figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement,
configuration, (v) mould.
tede beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further,
without, besides, away, by, farther, more, over,
abroad, before, past, yonder, (adj) across; antonym
(prep) within.
teki other (baka, dier); synonyms (adj)
opposite, added; antonym (adj) same.
tesinde beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further,
(prep) within.
tesine beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further,
(prep) within.
teye beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further,
(prep) within.
tme singing; synonyms (n) chant, apprisal, betrayal,
cantation, lyrics, notification, recounting, relation,
(adj) cantabile, vocal, cantatory, hymning, speaking,
(adv) live, playing.
tmek 1. sing; synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum,
drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol, snitch, betray,
harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n) squeak, 2. sound
(ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast,
(adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just,
(adj) illogical, unsound, confused.
ttrmek sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v)
confused.
vg 1. praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim,
applause, commendation, glory, kudos,
chastise, denigrate, sully, 2. tribute; synonyms (n)
praise, tax, contribution, testimonial, duty, homage,
eulogy, respect, appreciation, approval,
commemoration, credit, payment, (v) subsidy,

allowance.
vme praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim,
vmek praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim,
vnme blow (flemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat,
calm, save.
yk 1. story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account,
(n) truth, 2. narrative; synonyms (adj) descriptive,
graphic, (n) anecdote, chronicle, relation, story,
yarn, description, explanation, statement, fiction,
saga, enumeration, memoir, 3. tale; synonyms (n)
lie, gossip, romance, fabrication, myth, invention,
rumor, untruth, allegory, tell.
yle 1. so (byle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as,
likewise, 2. such (byle); synonyms (adv) what,
(adj) like, sic, sich, slik, swich, resembling.
ylesine so (byle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as,
likewise.
yleyse then; synonyms (adv) so, accordingly,
afterward, again, consequently, later, (conj)
therefore.
z 1. self (kendi); synonyms (n) ego, person, being,
individual, someone, character, essence,
same, 2. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, juice,
quotation, quote, citation, (v) draw, abstract, derive,
educe, elicit, distill, express, get, extort, cull, 3.
core (ekirdek, gbek); synonyms (n) bosom,
center, gist, heart, kernel, marrow, quintessence,
stone, mind, base, burden, centre, crux, focus, hub;
antonym (adj) minor, 4. essence; synonyms (n)
core, entity, aroma, perfume, hypostasis, body,
extract, fragrance, nub, odor, root, scent, substance,
effect, (v) stuff, 5. nucleus (ekirdek); synonyms
(n) basis, embryo, germ, bud, meat, pivot, cream,
egg, 6. substance; synonyms (n) import, material,
matter, meaning, significance, subject, amount,
Turkish - English
means, implication, content, element, strength,
importance, signification, mass; antonym (n)
triviality, 7. own; synonyms (v) acknowledge,
admit, have, concede, allow, grant, hold, possess,
confess, accept, avow, enjoy, occupy, (adj) proper,
private, 8. cream (kaymak, krema); synonyms
(n) pick, ointment, prime, balm, top, liniment, elite,
fat, salve, unguent, (adj) flower, milk, (v) best, skim,
ream, 9. abstract (zet, soyut); synonyms (adj)
theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, lift, purloin,
(n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome,
summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis;
antonym (adj) concrete, 10. soul (ruh); synonyms
(n) man, creature, ghost, human, personification,
life, mortal, psyche, self, breast, embodiment,
homo, (adj) incarnation, backbone, genius, 11. sum
(toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety,
count, measure, join, quantum, (v) aggregate,
figure, number, add, resume, compute, summarize,
(adj) all, 12. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition,
courage, mood, bravery, disposition, energy,
enthusiasm, phantom, fortitude, dash, esprit,
feeling, liveliness, mettle, (adj) animation; antonym
(n) lethargy.
zdek matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms
zde identical; synonyms (adj) equal, corresponding,
uniform, consistent, alike, equivalent, selfsame,
similar, very, synonymous, congruent, duplicate,
even, exact, (v) same; antonyms (adj) different,
incompatible, inconsistent.
zdelik identity (kimlik); synonyms (n)
equivalence.
zdevimli 1. automatically; synonyms (adv)
mechanically, essentially, impulsively, inevitably,
instinctively, necessarily, obediently, unavoidably,
unthinkingly, certainly, insentience, intuitively,
involuntarily, perfunctorily, reflexively; antonyms
(adv) deliberately, consciously, physically, 2.
automatic (otomatik); synonyms (adj) instinctive,
involuntary, automated, mechanical, reflex,
spontaneous, unconscious; antonyms (adj) manual,
deliberate, voluntary.
zdeyi maxim; synonyms (n) axiom, aphorism,
adage, apothegm, byword, rule, motto, principle,
proverb, saw, saying, canon, law, moral, dictum.
zel 1. special; synonyms (adj) particular, especial,
individual, limited, rare, different, distinguished,
distinct, express, certain, distinctive, exceptional,
extra, extraordinary, (adv) apart; antonym (adj)
ordinary, 2. private; synonyms (adj) clandestine,
confidential, personal, covert, hidden, secret, inner,
esoteric, exclusive, intimate, domestic, interior,
357
lonely, own, (v) close; antonyms (adj) public,

communal, community, nationalized, official, stateowned, civic, shared, state, 3. particular;
synonyms (adj) special, fastidious, careful, definite,
delicate, exact, finicky, fussy, detailed, choosy,
circumstantial, critical, finical, (n) detail, item;
antonyms (adj) careless, easy, vague, (n) general, 4.
custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit,
(adj) bespoke, 5. peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj)
odd, anomalous, characteristic, curious, eccentric,
abnormal, bizarre, fantastic, irregular, proper,
singular, strange, appropriate, funny, idiosyncratic;
antonyms (adj) normal, typical, 6. personal
(kiisel); synonyms (adj) human, peculiar, private,
direct, subjective, physical, original, privy, several,
single, specific, mortal, 7. distinctive; synonyms
(adj) distinguishing, excellent, discriminating,
separate, unusual, unique, classifiable, (v)
discriminative, dioristic; antonym (adj) common, 8.
intimate; synonyms (adj) informal, internal, bosom,
friendly, near, (v) allude, hint, imply, indicate,
insinuate, suggest, (n) familiar, confidante, crony,
(adv) dear; antonym (adj) distant, 9. individual
(birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) alone, sole,
solitary, independent, one, only, (n) creature,
fellow, man, person, homo, being, body, personage,
self; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, (n) collective,
10. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate,
convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, say,
tell, breathe, (adj) explicit, clear, speedy, categorical,
(n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow,
11. exclusive; synonyms (adj) choice, select,
undivided, chic, elite, classy, expensive, restricted,
snobbish, superior, posh, smart, whole, (n) scoop;
antonym (adj) inclusive, 12. very (ok, pek, tam);
synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really,
completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually,
too, awfully, (adj) much, identical, considerably;
antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 13.
specific (belirli, zgl); synonyms (adj) concrete,
precise, positive, accurate, fixed, set, unambiguous,
noteworthy, respective, (n) fact; antonym (adj)
universal.
zellik 1. feature; synonyms (n) article, aspect,
character, characteristic, detail, lineament,
peculiarity, facet, appearance, attribute, fact, mark,
particular, quality, (v) display, 2. characteristic
(karakteristik); synonyms (adj) distinctive,
individual, typical, original, natural, representative,
special, specific, symbolic, (n) badge, sign, feature,
peculiar, point, (v) emblematic; antonyms (adj)
uncharacteristic, common, 3. property; synonyms
(n) capital, belongings, asset, estate, goods, nature,
place, wealth, substance, faculty, thing, assets,
fortune, holding, (v) possession, 4. character
358
Turkish - English
(karakter); synonyms (n) kind, note, part, role,

type, brand, constitution, description, disposition,
eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, atmosphere,
attitude, 5. point (gstermek, nokta); synonyms
(n) grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, degree, dot, spot,
phase, apex, end, height, (v) head, direct, level, 6.
quality (kalite, nitelik); synonyms (n) class,
condition, distinction, caliber, worth, value,
goodness, excellence, ability, calibre, endowment,
merit, property, qualification, rank; antonym (adj)
shoddy.
zellikle 1. especially; synonyms (adv) specially,
chiefly, exceedingly, particularly, principally,
namely, exceptionally, expressly, extra,
extraordinarily, peculiarly, primarily, remarkably,
specifically, very; antonym (adv) slightly, 2.
particularly; synonyms (adv) especially, only,
curiously, markedly, notably, singly, individually,
definitely, distinctly, extremely, unusually,
carefully, superlatively, 3. expressly; synonyms
(adv) explicitly, purposely, precisely.
zen care; synonyms (n) attention, bother, caution,
concern, aid, apprehension, custody, keep,
maintenance, worry, attendance, affection, (v)
anxiety, charge, administer; antonyms (n)
carelessness, recklessness, rashness,
thoughtlessness, (v) neglect, disregard.
zendirmek encourage; synonyms (v) cheer, abet,
advance, aid, back, boost, comfort, foster, further,
promote, urge, advocate, cherish, advise, animate;
antonyms (v) discourage, dishearten, prevent,
deter, hurt, obstruct, stop.
zenli careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) accurate,
careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful.
zerk autonomous; synonyms (adj) independent,
sovereign, autonomic, free, separate; antonym (adj)
dependent.
zerklik autonomy (otonomi); synonyms (n)
independence, freedom, autocracy, liberty,
sovereignty; antonym (n) dependence.
zet 1. summary; synonyms (n) abstract,
compendium, abridgment, epitome, outline, digest,
report, synopsis, precis, (adj) brief, compendious,
concise, succinct, curt, short, 2. abstract (soyut);
synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, imaginary, (v)
abridge, filch, extract, lift, purloin, remove, steal,
take, abbreviate, (n) abridgement, summary,
resume; antonym (adj) concrete, 3. outline;
synonyms (n) sketch, design, edge, contour, figure,
frame, (v) draft, line, form, describe, draw, border,
chart, adumbrate, blueprint, 4. brief; synonyms
(adj) little, transient, short-lived, abrupt,
abbreviated, brusque, fleeting, laconic, condensed,
ephemeral, momentary, (v) compact, notify, inform,
instruct; antonyms (adj) long, long-drawn-out, longwinded, permanent, lengthy, time-consuming, 5.

extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice,
quotation, quote, citation, (v) derive, educe, elicit,
distill, express, get, extort, cull, distil, 6. sum
(toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety,
mass, count, measure, join, kernel, quantum, (v)
amount, aggregate, number, add, compute, (adj) all.
zetleme compression (sktrma); synonyms (n)
zetlemek 1. abstract (zet, soyut); synonyms (adj)
theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift,
antonym (adj) concrete, 2. brief; synonyms (adj)
concise, short, little, transient, short-lived, abrupt,
abbreviated, brusque, compendious, curt, fleeting,
laconic, (n) abstract, (v) compact, notify; antonyms
(adj) long, long-drawn-out, long-winded,
permanent, lengthy, time-consuming.
zg 1. peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj) individual,
odd, particular, exceptional, different, anomalous,
characteristic, curious, eccentric, extraordinary,
abnormal, distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic;
antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical, 2.
specific (belirli, zgl); synonyms (adj) special,
concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite, positive,
accurate, clear, express, single, certain, distinct,
explicit, fixed; antonyms (adj) universal, vague, (n)
general.
zgl specific (belirli); synonyms (adj) individual,
special, concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite,
especial, positive, accurate, clear, express, single,
certain, (n) particular; antonyms (adj) universal,
vague, (n) general.
zgn 1. original (orijinal); synonyms (adj) first,
imitation, replica, 2. genuine; synonyms (adj)
actual, sincere, true, unsophisticated, candid,
faithful, artless, factual, hearty, real, unaffected,
unfeigned, very, absolute, accurate; antonyms (adj)
bogus, insincere, affected, artificial, dishonest, false,
pretend, hypocritical.
zgr 1. free (ak, bedava, bo, serbest, serbest

Turkish - English
cage, 2. independent (bamsz); synonyms (adj)
free, autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial,
simultaneous.
zgrlk 1. freedom; synonyms (n) exemption,
autonomy, deliverance, discharge, emancipation,
immunity, release, escape, ease, liberty, relief, right,
scope, (adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n)
imprisonment, restriction, captivity, dependence,
restraint, suppression, 2. liberty; synonyms (n)
freedom, license, independence, leave, latitude,
permission, privilege, familiarity, permit,
generosity, impropriety, indecorum,
irresponsibility, leisure, (adj) liberality.
zlem hunger; synonyms (n) desire, thirst, appetite,
craving, wish, itch, eagerness, famine, longing,
starvation, (v) crave, want, ache, long, lust;
zlemek miss (bayan); synonyms (v) lack, lose, fail,
jump, omit, overlook, long, drop, escape, (n) maid,
girl, want, fille, missy, (adj) fault; antonym (v)
perceive.
zl 1. substantial (nemli); synonyms (adj) actual,
solid, firm, real, strong, considerable, important,
palpable, significant, essential, momentous, sturdy,
sound, concrete, ample; antonyms (adj)
insignificant, insubstantial, small, ethereal, fine,
worthless, 2. compact; synonyms (adj) close,
dense, compendious, concise, hard, (n) agreement,
arrangement, contract, covenant, bargain,
engagement, (v) compress, condense, consolidate,
pack; antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky,
sparse.
zne subject (konu); synonyms (n) matter, citizen,
affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question,
point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable,
exposed; antonym (adj) liberated.
znel subjective; synonyms (adj) mental, biased,
internal, objective, immanent, intellectual,
prejudiced, psychological, rational; antonym (adj)
impartial.
zsu juice; synonyms (n) extract, water, blood, gravy,
liquid, succus, fluid, liquor, fuel, gasoline, current,
oil, (adj) humor, serum, lymph.
zr 1. excuse (affetmek, balamak, bahane);

antonym (v) punish, 2. apology; synonyms (n)
excuse, plea, amends, defense, justification, regret,
reason, explanation, vindication, acknowledgment,
apologia, reparation, 3. plea; synonyms (n) answer,
appeal, petition, claim, allegation, call, entreaty,
prayer, argument, advocacy, demand, pretense,
pretension, request, suit.
359
zrl disabled; synonyms (adj) crippled,

handicapped, helpless, incapacitated, invalid,
game, mangled, mutilated, weakened, wrecked,
unavailable, paralytic, broken, cripply, (adv)
aground.
zt extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice,
quotation, quote, citation, (v) draw, abstract, derive,
educe, elicit, distill, express, get, extort.
P
paha price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth,
charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll,
(v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit,
value.
pahal 1. dear (sevgili); synonyms (adj) beloved,
close, costly, expensive, lovely, precious, near,
adorable, affectionate, cherished, familiar, high, (n)
darling, love, honey; antonyms (adj) cheap,
worthless, 2. costly; synonyms (adj) dear, valuable,
extravagant, luxurious, pricey, rich, sumptuous,
invaluable, plush, priceless, pricy, splendid, 3.
expensive; synonyms (adj) lavish, overpriced,
exclusive, fine, exorbitant; antonyms (adj)
inexpensive, reasonable.
pak clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj)
clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit,
tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify,
muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted,
paket 1. package; synonyms (n) bundle, pack,
packaging, packet, parcel, carton, container,
collection, (v) box, wrap; antonym (v) unwrap, 2.
parcel; synonyms (n) lot, bale, division, package,
section, batch, plot, patch, allotment, group, share,
(v) portion, distribute, apportion, divide, 3.
packet; synonyms (n) wad, envelope, fortune,
mailboat, 4. pack (paketlemek); synonyms (n)
mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, backpack, gang,
horde, (v) crowd, compress, heap, cram, fill, jam,
load; antonym (v) unpack.
paketlemek pack (paket); synonyms (n) bundle,
mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, batch,
cram, fill; antonym (v) unpack.
paketlenmi packed; synonyms (adj) crowded,
compact, full, filled, jammed, overcrowded,
congested, dense, thick, brimming, close, cramped,
teeming; antonyms (adj) empty, deserted.
pakt pact; synonyms (n) accord, agreement, contract,
bargain, bond, convention, deal, alliance, compact,
covenant, treaty, understanding, engagement,
arrangement, concord.
360
Turkish - English
pala sword; synonyms (n) blade, rapier, brand, steel,

glaive, knife, brond, firebrand, fox, intoxicate,
make, mark, marque, morglay, point.
palamar cable (kablo); synonyms (n) rope, line,
cablegram, telegram, cord, guy, ribbon, twine, (v)
wire, telegraph, report.
palet track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path,
line, racetrack, road, route, (v) trace, trail, hunt, tail,
chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint.
palmiye palm; synonyms (n) decoration, medal, prize,
thenar, victory, medallion, (v) hand, filch, bag,
cabbage, crib, handle, nim, pilfer, rob.
palto coat; synonyms (n) cover, coating, crust, film,
fur, jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v) cloak,
sheath, blanket, plaster, glaze.
pamuk cotton; synonyms (n) thread, yarn, cord, fiber,
string, affinity, bombace, packthread, rapport,
strand, wire, (v) cater, coddle, fawn, (adj)
exceptional.
pamuklu cotton (pamuk); synonyms (n) thread,
yarn, cord, fiber, string, affinity, bombace,
packthread, rapport, strand, wire, (v) cater, coddle,
fawn, (adj) exceptional.
panayr fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj)
prejudiced, unwarranted.
panel panel (pano); synonyms (n) board, jury,
accused, window, (v) empanel, impanel.
panik panic; synonyms (n) alarm, dismay, horror,
scare, dread, fright, anxiety, fear, flap, hysteria,
funk, (v) shock, (adj) consternation, terror, awe;
antonym (n) composure.
pankart banner (bayrak); synonyms (n) flag, ensign,
title, bunting, colors, emblem, headline, pennant,
pennon, streamer.
pano 1. panel (panel); synonyms (n) board, jury,
accused, window, (v) empanel, impanel, 2. board
(tahta); synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, panel,
table, office, sign, commission, court, embark,
administration, agency, (v) keep, lodge,
accommodate; antonym (v) disembark.
pansiyon pension; synonyms (n) allowance, annuity,
payment, stipend, endowment, inn, subsistence,
hostel, tribute, (v) dismiss.
pansuman dressing; synonyms (n) bandage,
bandaging, binding, fertilization, stuffing, scolding,
castigation, coating, surfacing.
pantolon trousers; synonyms (n) pants, breeches,
knickers, pantaloons, trowsers, drawers, bloomers,
inexpressibles, smallclothes, trossers, trouse,

unmentionables, underpants.
Papa pope; synonyms (n) pontiff, cardinal, fish, (adj)
church, gospel, scripture.
papaz 1. priest (rahip); synonyms (n) clergyman,
minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, cleric, parson,
pastor, presbyter, chaplain, monk, (adj) divine, 2.
father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire,
generate; antonym (n) mother, 3. minister
(bakan); synonyms (n) envoy, priest, deputy,
ambassador, curate, agent, messenger, delegate,
official, preacher, rector, shepherd, (v) supply,
administer, provide.
para 1. money; synonyms (n) capital, coin, currency,
funds, means, lucre, assets, cash, pelf, purse, tin,
dollar, pile, (adj) monetary, financial, 2. cash;
synonyms (n) ready, bread, change, money, coins,
exchange, needful, wealth, wherewithal, finances,
income, (v) encash, liquidate, redeem; antonym (n)
credit, 3. currency; synonyms (n) circulation,
vogue, currentness, publicity, 4. means (ara);
synonyms (n) expedient, agency, instrument,
channel, manner, agent, contrivance, device,
medium, method, process, property, resource,
resources, substance, 5. brass (pirin); synonyms
(n) boldness, face, cheek, nerve, administration,
arrogance, insolence, effrontery, impertinence, (v)
audacity, assurance, front, hardihood, impudence,
(adj) bronze, 6. bread (ekmek); synonyms (n)
living, livelihood, maintenance, dough, food, kale,
loot, sustenance, 7. funds; synonyms (n) treasury,
funding, treasure, provision, savings.
paradoks paradox; synonyms (n) incongruity,
ambiguity, inconsistency, puzzle, catch-22,
difficulty, fallacy, irony, opposite, paradoxy,
phenomenon, anomaly, catch, contrariness, error.
paragraf paragraph; synonyms (n) article, item,
section, chapter, head, division, part, piece,
sentence, count, (v) clause, passage.
parakete log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block,
lumber.
paralel 1. parallel (kout); synonyms (adj)
equivalent, even, comparable, level, like, alike,
matching, (n) equal, analogy, likeness, analog, (v)
compare, match, duplicate, agree; antonyms (adj)
conflicting, dissimilar, (n) perpendicular, skew, 2.
analogous (benzer); synonyms (adj) similar, akin,
analogical, corresponding, parallel, cognate,
correspondent, related.
paral rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) abundant,
copious, fertile, productive, fruitful, full, affluent,
ample, deep, fat, luxurious, opulent, plentiful,
Turkish - English
prolific, bright; antonyms (adj) poor, broke,
destitute, impoverished, light.
parametre parameter; synonyms (n) argument,
guideline, limit, directive, modulus, quality, rule,
bound, bylaw, consideration, constraint, decree,
instruction, issue, law.
parasal 1. financial (finansal); synonyms (adj) fiscal,
economic, monetary, pecuniary, commercial,
budgeting, numismatic, pocket, 2. monetary;
synonyms (adj) financial, budgetary, capital, cash.
parasz free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr, serbest,

paravana screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n)
shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard,
(v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect,
shelter, cloak.
parazit interference (giriim, karma); synonyms
(n) disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block,
blocking, encumbrance, hitch, inhibition,
intercession, intervention, obstruction, antagonism,
intermeddling, disruption, (v) collision.
para 1. piece; synonyms (n) cut, division, fragment,
part, article, component, composition, hunk, lump,
patch, bit, block, chunk, coin, constituent, 2. part
(blm); synonyms (n) piece, character, portion,
section, share, allotment, (v) branch, break, disjoin,
divide, divorce, class, cleave, dissociate, depart;
component (bileen); synonyms (n) factor,
ingredient, detail, element, feature, member, unit,
accessory, (adj) fundamental, 4. item (kalem,
madde); synonyms (n) entry, object, point, subject,
thing, affair, event, clause, entity, fact, matter,
particular, regard, (adv) also, and, 5. segment
(kesim); synonyms (n) paragraph, slice,
proportion, length, sector, subdivision, metamere,
parcel, strip, department, chapter, (v) partition, 6.
portion (porsiyon); synonyms (n) allot, dole,
allowance, deal, destiny, fate, fortune, installment,
segment, apportion, (v) lot, dividend, assign,
dispense, distribute, 7. bit; synonyms (n) crumb,
morsel, atom, drop, fleck, moment, shred, snatch,
taste, trace, whit, act, (v) curb, scrap, scantling, 8.
lump; synonyms (n) heap, knot, clod, tumor,
bulge, clump, knob, lummox, nub, bunch,
intumescence, pimple, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout, 9.
cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip,
abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, fashion,
reduce, (n) notch, cutting, nick, blow, gash;
361

extension, 10. fragment; synonyms (n) fraction,
grain, rag, remnant, sherd, end, cantle, particle, (v)
chip, shiver, splinter, crumble, crack, crash,
collapse, 11. patch (yama, yamamak);
synonyms (n) darn, mend, plot, bed, blot, freckle,
blotch, dapple, field, maculation, clout, (v) botch,
fix, repair, cobble, 12. passage; synonyms (n) aisle,
course, channel, corridor, gangway, hall, journey,
way, entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue,
citation, excerpt, 13. section (blm, kesit,
ksm); synonyms (n) compartment, percentage,
episode, region, quarter, area, arm, district,
passage, neighborhood, detachment, category,
faction, head, incision, 14. unit (birim, nite);
synonyms (n) troop, group, squad, aggregate, cell,
team, ace, company, system, crew, force, body,
party, battalion, (adj) one.
paralamak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split,
mend, (n) continuation, 2. scrap; synonyms (n)
fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end,
junk, piece, remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row,
(adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep, 3. split
(ayrmak, blmek, blnme, yarmak);

synonyms (v) cut, slit, divide, separate, divorce,
cleave, division, fork, part, (n) break, rip, tear,
cleavage, cleft, parting; antonyms (v) join, unite,
merge.
paralanma crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision,
smash, clank, clatter, fall, impact, (v) bang, collapse,
break, clang, crack, dash, plunge, ram.
paralanmak 1. fragment; synonyms (n) fraction,
crumb, morsel, part, division, grain, piece, portion,
(v) bit, chip, scrap, shiver, splinter, break, crumble,
2. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst,
fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause,
mend, (n) continuation, 3. crash; synonyms (n)
clash, collision, smash, clank, clatter, fall, impact,
slam, wreck, (v) bang, clang, dash, plunge, ram,
thunder.
paralanm broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke,
(adj) tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent,
rough, rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed,
incomplete, confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms
(adj) constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild.
parlt flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer,
lighten.
park park; synonyms (n) garden, common, green,
parkland, arena, field, lawn, ballpark, commons, (v)
deposit, locate, place, put, set, position.
362
Turkish - English
parlak 1. shiny; synonyms (adj) bright, lustrous,

glossy, brilliant, clear, glistening, sheeny, shining,
sleek, slick, smooth, sunny, glassy, resplendent, (v)
nitid; antonyms (adj) dull, rough, 2. bright;
synonyms (adj) alive, apt, intelligent, vivid,
beaming, brainy, light, luminous, shiny, smart,
gorgeous, nimble, auspicious, acute, blithe;
antonyms (adj) cloudy, dark, dim, dreary, gloomy,
stupid, unintelligent, overcast, shadowy, leaden,
slow, thick, 3. brilliant; synonyms (adj) splendid,
glorious, illustrious, magnificent, spectacular,
diamond, gaudy, gifted, impressive, incandescent,
meteoric, sharp, sparkling, stunning, (n) jewel;
antonym (adj) awful, 4. glossy; synonyms (adj)
glazed, flat, burnished, satiny, silky, even,
gleaming, polished, satin, silken, calendered, 5.
clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

apparent, distinct, empty, (v) acquit, absolute, free,
net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge, exculpate;
antonyms (adj) opaque, unclear, fuzzy, hazy,
ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, illegible,
imperceptible, (v) convict, 6. lively (canl);
synonyms (adj) brisk, active, agile, cheerful,
energetic, keen, busy, fresh, gay, jolly, jovial, alert,
animated, enthusiastic, live; antonyms (adj)
inactive, lethargic, listless, lifeless, unexciting, 7.
gorgeous; synonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive,
luxurious, rich, wonderful, costly, delicious,
delightful, fine, handsome, lovely, opulent, pretty,
showy, striking; antonym (adj) ugly, 8. live (canl,
oturmak, yaamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit,
reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay,
survive, (adj) animate, living, bouncy, breathing, (n)
go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate, 9. shining;
synonyms (v) shine, (adj) radiant, effulgent,
glittering, glowing, dazzling, distinguished,
shimmering, sheen, glaring, lively, lucent,
refulgent, (n) lucid, polishing.
parlaklk polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,
cultivate.
parlama explosion (patlama); synonyms (n) burst,
blast, boom, detonation, eruption, bang,
fulmination, outbreak, outburst, rush, (v) discharge,
salvo, firing, (adj) paroxysm, blow.
parlamak 1. beam (n, kiri); synonyms (n) blaze,
glow, ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air,
broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2.
blaze; synonyms (n) flame, burning, fire, hell,
scintillation, combustion, blazing, brightness, (v)
beam, flicker, mark, shimmer, heat, kindle, (adj)
burn, 3. flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, glitter,
instant, coruscation, flare, (v) twinkle, blink,
glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten, dart, dash,

display, flaunt.
parlamento parliament; synonyms (n) congress,
council, diet, assembly, legislature, house,
convention, convocation, senate, fantan.
parlatmak polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss,
clean, cultivate.
parmak 1. finger; synonyms (n) digit, dactyl, (v) feel,
handle, touch, hand, thumb, grope, indicate, paw,
point, accuse, 2. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid,
applause, employee, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass,
commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant,
provide, 3. inch (in); synonyms (n) in, (v) edge,
crawl, creep, ease, 4. toe; synonyms (n) extremity,
foot, bottom, nadir, sole, adversary, antagonist,
competitor, enemy, opponent, (v) toenail, (adj) toed.
parmaklk 1. fence (it); synonyms (n) enclosure,
barrier, hurdle, pale, bar, boundary, barricade,
fencing, (v) hedge, wall, contend, enclose, parry,
quibble, evade, 2. bar (bar, ubuk); synonyms (n)
exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose,
confine; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 3. rail;
synonyms (n) balustrade, handrail, railing, fence,
banister, track, path, paling, course, rails, (v)
inveigh, vituperate, fulminate, revile, scold.
parsel 1. parcel (paket); synonyms (n) lot, bale, pack,
bundle, division, package, packet, section, batch,
plot, patch, allotment, (v) portion, distribute,
apportion, 2. plot (arsa); synonyms (n)
conspiracy, plan, scheme, chart, design, graph,
action, device, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat, conspire,
contrive, concoct, engineer.
parter pit (ukur); synonyms (n) cavity, dent, hole,
depression, grave, colliery, excavation, mine, stone,
dig, (v) den, ditch, oppose, cave, (adj) hollow.
parti 1. lot; synonyms (n) batch, destiny, fate, doom,
fortune, portion, slice, allot, bunch, chance, circle,
group, set, share, (v) deal, 2. party; synonyms (n)
gang, band, company, assembly, association, crew,
gathering, affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do,
faction, meeting, club, 3. batch; synonyms (n) lot,
body, battery, charge, heap, mass, suite,
consignment, bundle, cluster, clutch, collection,
flock, pile, (v) pack, 4. do (etmek, yapmak);
synonyms (v) act, cheat, commit, accomplish,
complete, conduct, perform, achieve, make,
practice, defraud, answer, arrange, (n) function,
occasion; antonyms (v) neglect, unmake.
partisyon score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count,
scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt,
(v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash.
pasaj passage; synonyms (n) aisle, course, channel,
corridor, gangway, hall, journey, entry, way,
entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue, citation.
Turkish - English
pasaport passport; synonyms (n) pass, permit,
protection, identification, safeguard, warrant.
pasif passive (edilgen); synonyms (adj) inactive,
apathetic, inert, submissive, indifferent, lifeless,
nonviolent, resigned, dormant, slow, unresisting,
impassive, indolent, meek, patient; antonyms (adj)
active, assertive, spirited, working.
paso pass (gei, gemek); synonyms (v) flow,
deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake,
live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run;
antonym (v) fail.
pasta cake (kek); synonyms (n) bar, block, pastry,
lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix.
pataklamak beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate,
lose.
patates potato; synonyms (n) murphy, spud, tater,
bittersweet, countenance, eggplant, face, head.
patent 1. charter; synonyms (n) hire, permit,
franchise, (v) let, rent, engage, lease, take, get, 2.
patent; synonyms (adj) obvious, overt, apparent,
evident, manifest, clear, conspicuous, open,
palpable, plain, explicit, marked, noticeable,
transparent, unmistakable; antonym (adj) unclear.
patentli patent; synonyms (adj) obvious, overt,
apparent, evident, manifest, clear, conspicuous,
open, palpable, plain, explicit, marked, noticeable,
transparent, unmistakable; antonym (adj) unclear.
patika 1. trail (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) track,
trace, path, course, trudge, (v) haul, drag, hunt, tail,
chase, pursue, train, draw, tow, dog, 2. path (yol);
synonyms (n) direction, way, highway, line, orbit,
lane, means, alley, avenue, corridor, itinerary,
route, walk, manner, (v) passage, 3. track (iz,
izlemek); synonyms (n) racetrack, road, circuit,
lead, racecourse, rail, rails, running, (v) trail, follow,
footprint, stalk, mark, footstep, tag.
patrt 1. noise (grlt); synonyms (n) clatter,
clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, din, disturbance,
echo, uproar, buzz, clang, commotion, crack, crash,
(v) fame; antonyms (n) silence, quiet, 2.
disturbance; synonyms (n) agitation, disorder,
turmoil, brawl, derangement, dislocation,
disruption, tumult, upset, affray, annoyance,
bother, confusion, perturbation, (adj) trouble, 3.
bang; synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap,
smash, strike, blast, blow, bump, (v) hit, slam, bash,
boom, clink, 4. row; synonyms (n) altercation, line,
file, rank, squabble, wrangle, clash, dispute, (v)
quarrel, fight, argue, bicker, order, (adj) fracas, riot;
patrtl noisy (grltc, grltl); synonyms
(adj) disorderly, boisterous, clamorous, loud,
vociferous, blatant, rowdy, shrill, strident,
363
tumultuous, turbulent, vocal, bustling, confused,

harsh; antonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, silent, calm,
tranquil.
patlama 1. explosion; synonyms (n) burst, blast,
boom, detonation, eruption, bang, fulmination,
outbreak, outburst, rush, (v) discharge, salvo, firing,
(adj) paroxysm, blow, 2. burst; synonyms (v) break,
crack, rupture, belch, abound, erupt, open, (n) flash,
explosion, (adj) split, explode, detonate, flare,
splinter, broken; antonym (v) implode, 3. bang;
synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap, smash,
strike, bump, rap, thud, (v) hit, slam, bash, clatter,
clink, 4. blast; synonyms (n) gust, noise, whiff,
wind, beep, peal, sound, blasting, (v) attack, blare,
blight, bomb, roar, bombard, shell.
patlamak 1. burst; synonyms (v) break, crack, blast,
rupture, belch, abound, erupt, open, (n) flash,
explosion, (adj) split, explode, detonate, flare,
splinter; antonym (v) implode, 2. pop; synonyms
(n) dad, daddy, father, pa, papa, bang, shot, click,
(v) burst, shoot, protrude, pawn, appear, place, (adv)
plump.
patlamam live (canl, oturmak, yaamak);

synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide,
be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active,
animate, living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead,
inanimate.
patlayc explosive; synonyms (adj) volatile,
combustible, unstable, fickle, dangerous,
hazardous, precarious, unsafe, excitable, (n) bomb,
mine, missile, firecracker, ammunition, (v)
convulsive; antonym (adj) stable.
patron 1. boss; synonyms (n) chief, governor, head,
overseer, superior, ruler, administrator, captain,
director, executive, foreman, leader, (v) administer,
govern, direct, 2. governor (vali); synonyms (n)
manager, regulator, controller, superintendent,
master, official, protector, warden, 3. chief (ana,
ba); synonyms (adj) principal, cardinal, capital,
arch, central, essential, first, main, primary,
sovereign, basic, (n) boss, paramount, top, chieftain;
antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 4.
master (ana, ba); synonyms (n) instructor,
gentleman, authority, employer, headmaster,
maestro, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat,
dominate, (adj) original, ace, expert, proficient, 5.
pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design,
(v) mould.
pay 1. share (hisse, hisse senedi, paylamak);

antonym (v) control, 2. part (blm, para);
synonyms (n) constituent, article, character,
component, cut, division, section, share, (v) branch,
364
Turkish - English
break, disjoin, divorce, class, cleave, dissociate;

portion (para, porsiyon); synonyms (n)
fragment, parcel, allowance, destiny, fate, fortune,
installment, member, segment, interest,
dispensation, element, (v) dividend, assign,
allocate, 4. quota; synonyms (n) proportion,
contingent, measure, quantity, ratio, ration, slice,
rate, percentage, helping, stint, 5. cut (kesmek);
synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge,
bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch,
cutting, nick, blow, gash; antonyms (v) increase,
lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 6. quantum;
synonyms (n) amount, magnitude, mass,
measurement, sum, total, amplitude.
payanda shore; synonyms (n) bank, coast, prop,
beach, edge, land, buttress, seashore, seaside, stay,
brace, margin, border, riverside, (v) support;
antonym (n) interior.
paylama lecture; synonyms (n) address, discourse,
harangue, reprimand, speech, talk, oration,
censure, declaim, homily, (v) rebuke, sermon, chide,
preach, instruct.
paylamak 1. share (hisse, hisse senedi, pay);

antonym (v) control, 2. split (ayrmak, blmek,
blnme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut,
fracture, slit, burst, separate, divorce, breach,
cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft;
antonyms (v) join, unite, merge.
pazar market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar,
merchandise, sale.
pazarlama marketing; synonyms (n) sale, commerce,
merchandising, selling, distribution, advertising,
campaign, nundination, promotion, publicity,
staging, supplies.
pazarlamak market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar,
merchandise, sale.
pazarlk 1. bargain; synonyms (n) contract,
agreement, covenant, deal, treaty, arrangement,
buy, chaffer, compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v)
exchange, agree, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 2.
deal (anlama); synonyms (n) bargain, trade,
convention, (v) administer, allot, apportion,
conduct, cope, distribute, truck, assign, accord,
acquit, address, comport.
peder father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire,
generate; antonym (n) mother.
pejmrde ragged; synonyms (adj) seedy, threadbare,

worn, hoarse, jagged, scruffy, torn, dilapidated,
rugged, shaggy, tattered, unkempt, (n) shabby,
harsh, rough; antonyms (adj) pristine, smart,
elegant.
pek 1. very (ok, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely,
identical, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally,
slightly, somewhat, 2. most; synonyms (adv)
nearly, nigh, virtually, approximately, (adj) almost,
about, best, utmost, indeed, near, very, well, close,
(n) majority, maximum; antonym (adv) least, 3. well
(iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly,
considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft,
sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush;
antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell,
dying, nauseous, 4. so (byle); synonyms (adv)
accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, then,
therefore, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron)
that, (adj) likewise, 5. quite; synonyms (adv)
altogether, absolutely, all, sheer, exactly, enough,
even, fairly, rather, stark, totally, wholly, far, (adj)
just, outright.
peki okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good,
alright, well, fair, (int) yes, (n) approval,
authorization, agreement, (v) approve, sanction,
consent, endorse, authorize, countenance;
antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid.
pelerin 1. cloak; synonyms (n) mask, veil,
camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind,
blanket, curtain, (v) cover, wrap, conceal,
dissemble, hide; antonyms (v) disclose, reveal,
uncover, 2. cape; synonyms (n) cloak, headland,
ness, shawl, coat, mantle, point, promontory.
pelte jelly (jle); synonyms (n) gel, conserve, jam,
gelatin, preserves, (v) jellify, jell.
pembe pink; synonyms (adj) flower, pinkish, (n) red,
crimson, rose, carmine, (v) knock, gore, impale,
prick, punch, spear, spike, stab, enfilade.
penalt penalty; synonyms (n) mulct, fine, forfeit,
forfeiture, amercement, judgment, handicap,
penalization, penance, sentence, pain, conviction,
punishment, sanction, (v) condemnation.
pencere window; synonyms (n) casement, porthole,
pane, gap, embrasure, hole, opening, windowpane.
peni penny; synonyms (n) cent, change, centime,
groat, money, doit, mite, coinage, currency,
denomination, farthing, rap, sou, denarius, shilling.
penis penis; synonyms (n) member, phallus,
appendage, extremity.
perakende retail; synonyms (adj) commercial, (v) sell,
issue, merchandise, trade, wholesale, utter, vend,
handle, (n) dispense, business, buying, exchange,
export, import.
Turkish - English
365
perem fringe; synonyms (n) brim, brink, edge,
perian 1. wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate,
boundary, periphery, rim, bound, perimeter, frame,

circumference, (v) border, hem, skirt, verge, (adj)
feather.
perdah polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,
cultivate.
perde 1. curtain; synonyms (n) veil, cover, barrier,
blind, drapery, screen, drape, mantle, mask, pall,
shade, shroud, blanket, (v) hide, banquette, 2.
screen (ekran); synonyms (n) riddle, disguise,
partition, guard, curtain, protection, (v) shield,
conceal, protect, shelter, cloak, filter, obscure,
safeguard, sieve, 3. act (davranmak, hareket,
rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment,
action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v)
achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit,
enact; antonym (v) refrain, 4. cloak; synonyms (n)
camouflage, cape, masquerade, guise, coat,
covering, pretext, (v) wrap, dissemble, envelop,
secrete, surround, swathe, palliate; antonyms (v)
disclose, reveal, uncover, 5. pitch (atmak);
synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant, slope, (v) fling, cast,
chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen,
launch, 6. tone (ses, ton); synonyms (n) character,
note, accent, air, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint,
manner, disposition, feel, feeling, intonation, (v)
color, 7. blind (kr, kr etmek); synonyms (adj)
sightless, undiscerning, dark, eyeless, (v) bedazzle,
daze, dazzle, dim, (n) shutter, awning, trick, cheat,
concealment, deceit, front; antonym (adj) sighted, 8.
membrane (zar); synonyms (n) diaphragm, film,
skin, casing, coating, crust, 9. web; synonyms (n)
mesh, network, tissue, lattice, texture, blade,
entanglement, maze, cobweb, complication, grain,
labyrinth, snarl, (v) net, plexus.
performans performance; synonyms (n) act,
discharge, achievement, execution, fulfillment,
action, efficiency; antonyms (n) omission, practice.
pergel compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range,
scope, area, circle, circumference, extent, reach,
room, breadth, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish,
achieve, (adv) beset.
perhiz diet; synonyms (n) congress, convocation,
council, convention, nurture, food, assembly,
dieting, fare, nourishment, sustenance, synod,
cockpit, fast; antonyms (v) binge, (adj) fattening.
peri 1. fairy; synonyms (n) elf, faerie, sprite, fag,
faggot, fagot, imp, pixie, fay, goblin, nymph, pansy,
poof, poove, (adj) faery, 2. spirit; synonyms (n)
apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery,
character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence,
heart, mind, phantom, (adj) animation; antonyms (n)
lethargy, body.
unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad, deplorable,

lamentable, low, mean, pathetic, piteous, pitiable,
sorry, (v) miserable, poor; antonym (adj) happy, 2.
miserable (sefil); synonyms (adj) meager, abject,
bad, desolate, downcast, measly, distressed,
cheerless, contemptible, dejected, depressed,
despondent, disconsolate, dismal, (v) wretched;
antonyms (adj) cheerful, generous.
periyodik periodic; synonyms (adj) intermittent,
regular, periodical, recurrent, frequent, alternate,
recurring, routine, spasmodic, alternating, daily,
fitful, infrequent, irregular, odd.
permi permit (izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v)
allow, give, license, admit, leave, let, bear, endure,
have, agree, (n) consent, licence, pass, permission,
(adj) grant; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent,
prohibit, stop.
peron platform; synonyms (n) dais, floor, rostrum,
stage, stand, plan, pulpit, ambo, arena, dock, base,
pedestal, platforms, amphitheater, (v) program.
personel 1. personnel; synonyms (n) employees,
staff, workers, workforce, force, troops, effect,
faculty, forcefulness, organization, people, body,
corps, department, group, 2. staff (asa);
synonyms (n) cane, club, post, personnel, rod, mace,
baton, brace, stave, court, scepter, board, (v) crutch,
prop, stick, 3. employee; synonyms (n) clerk,
laborer, hand, worker, apprentice, assistant, helper,
drudge, labor, beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert,
craftsman, flunky; antonym (n) employer.
perspektif perspective; synonyms (n) attitude,
aspect, angle, outlook, prospect, view, lookout,
panorama, horizon, opinion, position, standpoint,
viewpoint, vision, slant.
pervane fan (hayran, vantilatr, yelpaze);

synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast,
addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower,
advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow;
antonym (n) detractor.
pervasz reckless; synonyms (adj) heedless, careless,
foolhardy, rash, hasty, imprudent, incautious,
extravagant, wanton, daring, brash, desperate,
precipitate, audacious, irresponsible; antonyms
(adj) careful, cautious, prudent, sensible, wise.
pes low (alak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject,
piercing, (n) high.
petrol oil (ya); synonyms (n) petroleum, fat,
ointment, salve, cream, fuel, cerate, lotion, (v)
lubricate, anoint, anele, glycerine.
peyk satellite (uydu); synonyms (n) follower, moon,
planet, attendant, orbiter, disciple, secondary,
366
Turkish - English
cohort, hanger-on, colony, dependency, inferior,

(adj) ancillary, collateral, concomitant.
peynir cheese; synonyms (n) cheeseflower,
exaggeration, cake, (v) misrepresent.
peyzaj landscape (yatay); synonyms (n) outlook,
scene, scenery, sight, view, vista, ground, lookout,
panorama, perspective, picture, (v) prospect.
pi bastard; synonyms (n) whoreson, scoundrel, cad,
mongrel, (adj) illegitimate, spurious, fake,
misbegotten, phony, adulterate, bastardly, bogus,
false, natural, phoney; antonym (n) legitimate.
piknik picnic; synonyms (n) excursion, junket, cinch,
outing, pushover, snap, jaunt, coportion,
expedition, feast, jollification, meal, (v) collation.
pil 1. battery (ak, batarya); synonyms (n) troop,
regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, 2. cell (gze,
hcre); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre, hole, cave,
booth, chamber, compartment, coop, cubicle, den,
lair, recess.
Pilav rice (pirin); synonyms (n) cereal, grain,
buckwheat, maize, millet, oats, rye, (adj) meal, bran,
farina, flour, spore, sporule.
pili chicken (tavuk); synonyms (n) chick, cock,
coward, fowl, hen, crybaby, nestling, poultry,
weakling, wimp, (adj) yellow, chickenhearted.
pilot pilot; synonyms (n) guide, leader, aviator,
captain, airman, (v) manage, lead, conduct, direct,
director, fly, navigate, show, escort, (adj)
experimental.
pnar 1. fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet,
source, origin, well, derivation, root, spout, squirt,
wellspring, (v) spring, flow, 2. spring (bahar,
fountain, skip, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce,
dive, originate, recoil, proceed, (adj) elastic.
pipo pipe (boru); synonyms (n) tube, conduit,
piramit pyramid; synonyms (n) pile, mass, heap,
congeries, lump, prism, stack, (adj) spire, steeple, (v)
add, amplify, elevate, enhance, enrich, exaggerate.
pirin 1. brass; synonyms (n) boldness, face, cheek,
nerve, administration, arrogance, insolence,
effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity, assurance,
front, hardihood, impudence, (adj) bronze, 2. rice;
synonyms (n) cereal, grain, buckwheat, maize,
millet, oats, rye, (adj) meal, bran, farina, flour, spore,
sporule.
prlanta 1. ice (buz, dondurma); synonyms (n)
frosting, glass, hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe,
rime, (v) frost, cool, refrigerate, fan, 2. brilliant;
synonyms (adj) bright, splendid, glorious,
illustrious, intelligent, luminous, magnificent,
spectacular, sunny, vivid, brainy, diamond, gaudy,
gifted, (v) smart; antonyms (adj) dull, dim, awful,

dark.
pis 1. dirty (kirli); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt,
2. offensive; synonyms (adj) disgusting,
distasteful, abusive, aggressive, loathsome,
nauseous, coarse, abominable, disagreeable,
impertinent, (n) assault, attack, (v) odious, nasty,
hateful; antonyms (adj) complimentary, inoffensive,
pleasant, defensive, polite, tasteful, 3. filthy;
synonyms (adj) dirty, unclean, squalid, awful,
grimy, grubby, indecent, ribald, smutty, sordid,
vile, vulgar, lewd, lousy, low; antonym (adj) decent,
4. nasty; synonyms (adj) filthy, mean, evil, hurtful,
obnoxious, raw, repulsive, unpleasant, dangerous,
gross, hideous, horrible, malicious, objectionable,
(adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) agreeable, kind, nice,
charitable, lovely.
piirmek cook; synonyms (n) chef, (v) boil, bake,
brew, make, prepare, concoct, falsify, grill, poach,
roast, simmer, stew, coddle, heat.
pikin old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete,
modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful.
piskopos bishop (fil); synonyms (n) archbishop,
primate, clergyman, elder, eminence, episcopant,
metropolitan, minister, (v) wassail, cup, flip, grog,
negus, punch, purl.
piskoposluk see (anlamak, grmek); synonyms (v)
look, feel, discover, appreciate, behold, consider,
deem, discern, distinguish, know, notice, recognize,
apprehend, (adj) observe, perceive.
pislenmek dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt,
pisletmek dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt,
pislik 1. dirt; synonyms (n) soil, dust, filth, grime,
crap, ground, mire, scandal, contamination,
smudge, dirtiness, foulness, impurity, land, muck,
2. contamination; synonyms (n) contagion,
pollution, contaminant, infection, dirtying,
corruption, taint, vitiation, adulteration, depravity,
(v) defilement; antonym (n) decontamination, 3.
mess; synonyms (n) clutter, jumble, muddle,
confusion, difficulty, disorder, hodgepodge, jam,
scrape, bedlam, chaos, dilemma, dirt, disarray, (v)
Turkish - English
botch; antonym (n) order, 4. pollution; synonyms
(n) befoulment, infamy, soiling, disgrace, filthiness,
violation, stain, (adj) backsliding, demoralization,
obliquity, 5. soil (toprak); synonyms (v) blot,
contaminate, dirty, pollute, blemish, defile, foul,
mould, smear, smirch, smutch, begrime, daub,
sully, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean.
piman sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite,
unrepentant.
pimanlk regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve,
bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, sorrow, repent,
(n) grief, compunction, contrition, penitence,
remorse, repentance, disappointment.
pimek cook; synonyms (n) chef, (v) boil, bake, brew,
make, prepare, concoct, falsify, grill, poach, roast,
simmer, stew, coddle, heat.
pimemi raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh,
immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing,
sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced,
naked; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked.
pist track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path,
chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint.
pitoresk picturesque; synonyms (adj) graphic,
striking, colorful, idyllic, lovely, quaint, scenic,
vivid, romantic, (v) pictorial.
piyade infantry; synonyms (n) foot, army, base,
foundation, ft, fundament, groundwork, pes,
private, substructure, understructure.
piyano piano; synonyms (n) pianoforte, pianissimo,
(adj) soft, gentle, cushy, delicate, easy, faint,
indulgent, lax, lenient, nonalcoholic, (adv) gently,
lightly, softly; antonym (adv) forte.
piyasa market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar,
merchandise, sale.
piyes 1. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, pastime,
(n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol;
antonym (v) work, 2. piece (para); synonyms (n)
cut, division, fragment, part, article, component,
composition, hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk,
coin, constituent.
plaj beach; synonyms (n) bank, coast, foreshore,
shore, strand, coastline, land, seashore, shoreline.
plak record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayt); synonyms
(n) register, list, account, book, disk, document,
history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report,
score, inscribe.
plaka plate (tabak); synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home,
engraving, disc, armor, base, board, bowl, denture,
plaque, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat.
367
plaket plate (tabak); synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home,

plaque, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat.
plan 1. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n)
antonym (n) chance, 2. plan (proje); synonyms (n)
map, figure, chart, outline, pattern, invent, form,
blueprint, (v) design, devise, intend, plot, arrange,
draft, engineer, 3. scheme (proje); synonyms (n)
dodge, diagram, method, project, schedule,
conspiracy, frame, maneuver, schema, system,
model, manoeuvre, (v) intrigue, conspire, connive,
4. drawing (izim); synonyms (n) drafting,
delineation, picture, cartoon, depiction,
draftsmanship, draught, draw, painting,
illustration, image, lottery, representation, traction,
5. map (harita); synonyms (n) graph, plat,
mapping, correspondence, 6. device (aygt);
synonyms (n) apparatus, appliance, artifice,
emblem, contraption, gimmick, invention, trick,
way, expedient, implement, instrument,
machination, machine, mechanism, 7. layout;
synonyms (n) composition, array, order, display, 8.
plot (arsa); synonyms (n) lot, patch, action, field,
area, collusion, wile, delineate, ploy, (v) cabal,
concoct, machinate, brew, hatch, survey, 9. project
(proje); synonyms (n) enterprise, venture, (v) hurl,
jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, extend,
forecast, throw, offer, concert, chuck.
planlama planning; synonyms (n) preparation,
calculation, organization, programming, plan,
readying, foresight, architecture, arrangements,
building, consideration, construction, debate,
deliberations, direction.
planlamak 1. plan (proje); synonyms (n) aim, map,
figure, chart, intent, outline, pattern, scheme,
invent, form, (v) design, devise, intend, plot,
arrange, 2. arrange (dzenlemek); synonyms (v)
adjust, appoint, dress, order, set, settle, pack, adapt,
agree, classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, fix;
antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 3. calculate
(hesaplamak); synonyms (v) count, estimate,
account, add, appraise, cipher, compute, deem,
enumerate, forecast, gauge, guess, make, reckon,
consider, 4. structure (bnye, yap); synonyms
(n) building, arrangement, edifice, shape,
constitution, construction, frame, framework,
organization, architecture, establishment,
conformation, composition, erection, fabric, 5.
programme (program); synonyms (n) broadcast,
plan, platform, curriculum, class, course, preface,
programma, (v) program, 6. project (proje);
synonyms (n) device, idea, enterprise, venture, (v)
hurl, contrive, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot,
bulge, cast, extend, throw, hatch.
368
Turkish - English
planya plane (uak); synonyms (n) airplane, face,
pompalamak pump; synonyms (n) heart, pumps,
aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v) flatten,

shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth,
flush.
plaster plaster (yak); synonyms (n) mortar, cement,
plastik plastic; synonyms (adj) flexible, ductile, elastic,
malleable, pliant, lithe, fictile, pliable, soft, supple,
impressionable, artificial, lissom, tractable, (v)
limber.
plazma plasma; synonyms (n) plasm, onyx, blood,
flesh.
polie 1. policy (politika); synonyms (n) course,
plan, approach, insurance, tactics, game, system,
method, politics, polity, principle, 2. bill (fatura,
gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak,
advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act,
banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise,
charge, list, 3. draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill,
conscription, sketch, drawing, drink, (v) draught,
outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, recruit,
chart, delineate, draw; antonym (v) discharge.
polis 1. police; synonyms (n) constabulary, law,
officer, investigator, jurisprudence, (v) control,
guard, watch, patrol, order, adjust, arrange,
legalize, normalize, standardize, 2. copper
(bakr); synonyms (n) bronze, bull, cop, fuzz, gold,
pig, cent, coin, ingot, nugget, cuprum, brown,
copperplate, auburn, blur, 3. bull (boa);
synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot,
absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, copper,
crap, guff, male, nonsense, (adj) blunder.
politik political; synonyms (adj) politic, national, civil,
cunning, following, supporting, ambassadorial,
artful, biased, embassy, opinionated, partisan,
prudent, sagacious, unscrupulous.
politika 1. politics (siyaset); synonyms (n)
government, diplomacy, policy, governance,
authorities, governing, backroom, bossism,
campaigning, civics, electioneering, jungle,
legislature, polity, regime, 2. policy (polie);
synonyms (n) course, plan, approach, insurance,
tactics, game, system, method, politics, principle.
politikac politician; synonyms (n) statesman,
legislator, politico, lawgiver, pol, statemonger,
tactician, demagogue, officer, official, politic,
statist, strategist, sycophant, wealsman.
Polonyal 1. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss,
clean, cultivate, 2. pole (kutup); synonyms (n)
perch, bar, picket, post, rod, support, terminal, axle,
beam, axis, extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar.
pompa pump (pompalamak); synonyms (n) heart,
pumps, ticker, (v) interrogate, draw, examine, milk,
question.
ticker, (v) interrogate, draw, examine, milk,

question.
pop pop; synonyms (n) dad, daddy, father, pa, papa,
bang, shot, click, (v) burst, crack, shoot, protrude,
pawn, appear, (adv) plump.
popo bottom (alt, dip, k); synonyms (n) base,
basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back,
arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor;
antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest.
popler popular; synonyms (adj) common, general,
current, fashionable, democratic, customary,
known, plain, pop, celebrated, notorious,
prominent, famous, familiar, (v) favorite; antonyms
(adj) unpopular, aristocratic, disliked.
poplerlik popularity; synonyms (n) celebrity, fame,
renown, repute, vogue, account, appreciation,
prevalence, prestige, popularness, acclaim, allure,
appeal, attraction, attractiveness.
porsiyon 1. portion (para); synonyms (n) part,
division, piece, constituent, allot, component,
fragment, parcel, section, dole, allowance, (v) lot,
dividend, divide, allotment, 2. helping; synonyms
(n) portion, share, plateful, quota, serving, (adj)
auxiliary, 3. serving; synonyms (n) helping,
service, help, serve, plate.
portakal orange (turuncu); synonyms (adj) amber,
ocher, orangey, orangish, tawny, ginger, red, (n)
orangeness, lemon, etc, lime, apricot, bittersweet,
coral, peach.
portatif portable; synonyms (adj) mobile, movable,
portative, light, convenient, manageable, pocket,
carriageable, cartable, compact, haulable, itinerant,
lightweight, supportable, wieldy; antonym (adj)
fixed.
porte staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, club, post,
employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton,
brace, stave, court, (v) crutch, prop, stick.
portfy portfolio; synonyms (n) briefcase, album, file,
bandolier, budget, chair, book, quiver.
portr 1. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch,
tangency, acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin,
communicate, reach, butt, join, 2. carrier
(tayc); synonyms (n) bearer, messenger, courier,
mailman, porter, postman, vehicle, transport,
envoy, bag, channel, container, emissary, newsboy,
solvent.
portre portrait; synonyms (n) effigy, image, icon,
characterization.
posa sediment; synonyms (n) deposit, deposition,
residue, settling.
Turkish - English
post 1. skin (cilt, deri, kabuk); synonyms (n) peel,
flay, 2. hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal,
disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter,
ambush, (n) cover, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj)
darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express,
3. fell; synonyms (v) chop, cut, drop, floor, ax,
level, down, demolish, destroy, (adj) barbarous,
cruel, prostrate, brutal, fierce, savage, 4. coat
(palto); synonyms (n) film, jacket, layer, case,
casing, wrap, (v) sheath, blanket, plaster, glaze,
finish, paint, plate, spread, varnish, 5. fur (krk);
synonyms (n) hair, fleece, feathers, fuzz, nap, (v)
flannel, (adj) pile, wool, floss.
posta 1. mail (postalamak); synonyms (n) armor,
communication, correspondence, (v) post, send,
remit, habergeon, shield, place, transmit, direct,
dispatch, 2. post; synonyms (n) function, office,
position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth, column, job,
(v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, seat.
postalamak 1. mail (posta); synonyms (n) armor,
communication, correspondence, (v) post, send,
remit, habergeon, shield, place, transmit, direct,
dispatch, 2. post (posta); synonyms (n) function,
office, position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth,
column, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, seat.
poster poster; synonyms (n) bill, placard, notice,
handbill, advertisement, broadside, card, circular,
ad, announcement, flyer, posting, sign, (v) affiche.
potansiyel potential; synonyms (adj) likely, possible,
prospective, latent, virtual, dormant, (n) capability,
potency, ability, capacity, possibility, prospect,
faculty, potentiality, power.
potin boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge,
gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill.
poz exposure; synonyms (n) display, exposition,
detection, peril, danger, risk, expose, discovery,
revealing, jeopardy, liability, revelation,
advertising, susceptibility, (v) disclosure.
pozisyon position (konum); synonyms (n) place, lay,
attitude, condition, employment, opinion,
placement, post, rank, set, arrangement, (v) grade,
fix, locate, arrange.
pozitif positive (olumlu); synonyms (adj) absolute,
certain, affirmative, confident, decisive, definite,
direct, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible,
unsure, pessimistic, sad.
pragmatik pragmatic; synonyms (adj) practical,
hardheaded, realistic, useful, functional,
pragmatical, sensible, empirical, helpful.
pratik 1. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available,
369
fixed, 2. practice; synonyms (n) exercise, fashion,

convention, discipline, experience, habit, form,
observance, application, employment, (v) custom,
drill, use, act, apply; antonym (n) performance, 3.
practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable,
efficient, feasible, pragmatic, realistic, helpful,
active, expedient, handy, positive, sensible, useful,
workable, working; antonyms (adj) impractical,
theoretical, unrealistic, impossible.
prematre premature; synonyms (adj) early,
precocious, untimely, immature, forward,
inopportune, previous, rash, unripe.
prens prince; synonyms (n) monarch, potentate, duke,
sovereign, king, chief, ruler, magnate.
prenses princess; synonyms (n) empress, queen,
czarina, monarch, lady, darling, moppet, mopsey,
noble, ruler, sultana.
prensip principle (ilke); synonyms (n) origin,
fundamental, method, rule, cause, doctrine,
ground, basis, dogma, element, essence, law,
precept, reason, tenet.
pres press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam,
(adj) constrain.
prestij prestige; synonyms (n) credit, influence,
power, distinction, authority, dignity, repute,
reputation, standing, status, attraction, face, kudos,
celebrity, glory.
prezervatif rubber (kauuk); synonyms (n)
caoutchouc, condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe,
prophylactic, arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize.
prim 1. premium; synonyms (n) bonus, agio, bounty,
payment, extra, price, prize, reward, agiotage, (adj)
superior; antonym (adj) inferior, 2. bonus;
synonyms (n) award, compensation, premium,
dividend, gift, gratuity, perk, addition, benefit,
perquisite, incentive, percentage; antonym (n)
disadvantage.
priz 1. jack; synonyms (n) knave, flag, jackass,
mariner, ace, burgee, jackfruit, 2. socket;
synonyms (n) cavity, alveolus, sleeve, hollow,
pocket, slot, recess, sheath, compass, employment,
fitment, fob, overshot, pouch, province.
problem 1. problem (sorun); synonyms (n) bother,
conundrum, difficulty, trouble, knot, enigma, job,
matter, riddle, case, poser, dilemma, issue, puzzle,
(v) question, 2. issue (sorun); synonyms (n)
aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit,
progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge,
release, discharge, gush, 3. question (mesele,
soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand,
problem, (v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire,
interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine,
enquire, mistrust; antonyms (n) certainty, (v)
answer.
370
Turkish - English
prodktivite productivity; synonyms (n) efficiency,

fertility, fruitfulness, productiveness, abundance,
output, production, constructiveness, turnout, use,
usefulness, utility, crop, harvest, lushness;
antonym (n) fruitlessness.
prodktr producer; synonyms (n) director, creator,
manufacturer, author, maker, manager, cause,
entrepreneur, farmer.
profesr professor; synonyms (n) lecturer, scholar,
teacher, instructor, coach, don, trainer, tutor,
academic, connoisseur.
profesyonel professional; synonyms (adj) specialist,
occupational, competent, technical, skillful,
proficient, skilled, experienced, practiced, (n)
expert, authority, master, pro, maestro, whiz;
antonyms (adj) unpaid, unprofessional, (n) amateur.
profil 1. profile; synonyms (n) contour, outline, form,
figure, shape, silhouette, line, section, ambit,
biography, circuit, perimeter, periphery, portrait,
2. outline (zet); synonyms (n) sketch, design,
edge, abstract, digest, frame, synopsis, brief, (v)
draft, describe, draw, border, chart, adumbrate,
blueprint.
program 1. programme; synonyms (n) design,
broadcast, plan, platform, curriculum, class, course,
forecast, preface, programma, (v) program, 2.
program (programlamak); synonyms (n)
agenda, scheme, bill, routine, show, proposal,
calendar, idea, performance, prospectus, syllabus,
list, (v) schedule, programme, condition, 3.
schedule; synonyms (n) catalog, catalogue,
inventory, table, roll, index, chart, docket, fare,
arrangement, diagram, record, (v) register, book,
arrange.
programlama programming; synonyms (n)
programing, scheduling, program, indoctrination,
instruction, brainwashing, coaching, language,
propaganda, teaching, training.
programlamak 1. program (program); synonyms
(n) agenda, plan, broadcast, design, scheme, course,
bill, curriculum, platform, routine, show, proposal,
calendar, (v) schedule, programme, 2.
programme (program); synonyms (n) class,
forecast, preface, programma, (v) program.
proje 1. project; synonyms (n) design, device,
scheme, idea, enterprise, (v) plan, hurl, contrive, jut,
overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, devise, 2.
plan; synonyms (n) aim, map, figure, chart, intent,
outline, pattern, invent, form, arrangement,
blueprint, (v) intend, plot, arrange, conceive, 3.
design (tasarlamak); synonyms (n) purpose,
conception, drawing, contrivance, copy, intention,
destination, concept, composition, (v) sketch,
construct, contemplate, model, concert, compose;
antonym (n) chance, 4. scheme; synonyms (n)
dodge, diagram, method, project, schedule,
conspiracy, frame, maneuver, schema, system,

manoeuvre, (v) intrigue, conspire, connive,
engineer, 5. projection (izdm); synonyms (n)
hump, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge,
protrusion, bump, extrusion, forecast, excrescence,
convexity, ejection, gibbosity, prediction, (adj)
salient.
projeksiyon projection (izdm); synonyms (n)
bulge, hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob,
ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map,
extrusion, forecast, (adj) salient.
propaganda 1. propaganda; synonyms (n)
promotion, information, publicity, advertisement,
diffusion, doctrine, falsehood, fib, instruction,
programming, release, (v) propagandism,
persuasion, disinformation, proselytism, 2.
publicity; synonyms (n) advertising, notoriety,
propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure.
prosedr procedure; synonyms (n) process, formula,
practice, routine, fashion, approach, custom,
method, rule, action, measure, course, function,
operation, performance.
protein protein; synonyms (n) cytoplasm,
protoplasm, (adj) albumen, gluten, glair, cream,
milk, starch.
protesto protest (protesto etmek); synonyms (n)
demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge,
question, (v) dissent, assert, complain, object,
affirm, asseverate, attest, aver, declare, demur;
antonym (v) support.
protokol protocol; synonyms (n) etiquette, manners,
ceremony, bill, formality, concordat, decorum,
propriety.
prototip prototype; synonyms (n) model, archetype,
epitome, example, exemplar, paradigm, pattern,
ideal, original, paragon, type, forerunner, image,
parent, precursor.
prova rehearsal; synonyms (n) narration, recital,
practice, preparation, repetition, description,
account, explanation, narrative.
pruva 1. bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance,
crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer, 2. stem
(sap); synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank,
stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, (v) originate, block,
arrest, halt, issue, proceed.
psikiyatrik psychiatric; synonyms (adj) psychiatrical,
mental.
psikolog psychologist; synonym (n) psychologue.
psikoloji psychology; synonyms (n) psychics,
mentality, animastic, metaphysics, ontology.
psikolojik psychological; synonyms (adj) mental,
psychic, psychical, cerebral, intellectual, inner,
psychologic, subconscious, subjective, critical,
mind, experimental, imaginary, intellective,
irrational.
Turkish - English
371
puan 1. score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch,
pus mist; synonyms (n) fog, cloud, haze, vapor,

cut, tally, achieve, dash, 2. point (gstermek,
nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge,
aim, article, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, (v) head,
direct, level.
puding pudding; synonyms (n) pud, sweet, gut,
puddening, (adj) butter, clay, curd, dough, jam, pap,
gelatinous, pulp, rob, taste, wax.
pudra powder (barut, toz); synonyms (n) dust,
gunpowder, explosive, (v) grind, crush, pound,
pulverise, pulverize, sprinkle, bespangle.
pudralk compact; synonyms (adj) close, dense,
compendious, concise, hard, (n) agreement,
sparse.
puhu owl (bayku); synonyms (n) hooter, booby,
dolt, looby, nizy, noddy, nonny, noodle, howlet,
awl, beak, burglar, honker, horn, nozzle.
pul 1. stamp (damga, posta pulu); synonyms (n)
mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v)
imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch,
characterize, shape, note, 2. scale (lek);
synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation,
measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb,
gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym
(v) descend.
punto point (gstermek, nokta); synonyms (n)
dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level.
przlendirmek rough (kaba); synonyms (adj)
coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating,
gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff,
inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj)
gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky,
soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant.
przl 1. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse,
even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 2. uneven;
synonyms (adj) rough, unequal, irregular, erratic,
patchy, rugged, spotty, disproportionate, ragged,
craggy, crooked, unbalanced, variable,
asymmetrical, (v) broken; antonyms (adj) straight,
equal, symmetrical.
przsz smooth (dz, dzgn); synonyms (adj)
wrinkle.
brume, film, smoke, steam, (v) blur, befog, cover,

obscure, drizzle, bedim, becloud.
pskl beard (sakal); synonyms (n) awn, hair,
whiskers, disguise, sloven, (v) dare, defy,
camouflage, mask, (adj) brave.
pskrte spray (pskrtmek, sprey); synonyms
(n) jet, mist, froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch,
(v) shower, splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter,
spatter.
pskrtmek spray (sprey); synonyms (n) jet, mist,
froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v) shower,
splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter, spatter.
pusu wait (bekleme, beklemek); synonyms (v)
expect, anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay,
linger, remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause,
hold, (adj) tarry.
pusula compass; synonyms (n) range, scope, area,
circle, circumference, extent, reach, room, breadth,
(v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, (adv)
beset.
put image (grnt, resim); synonyms (n) figure,
R
Rab lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master, noble,
sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker,
mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain,
impropriator.
radar radar; synonyms (n) radiolocation, beacon,
monitor.
radikal radical; synonyms (adj) extremist, basic,
exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, base, primary,
ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, (n) basis,
radyasyon radiation; synonyms (n) emanation,
emission, irradiation, actinotherapy, beam,
dissipation, flash, light, divergence, radiotherapy,
spread, (v) radioactivity, plutonium, radium, (adj)
radiance.
radyo radio; synonyms (n) wireless, broadcasting,
radiotelegram, radiocommunication, tuner,
television, (v) broadcast, transmit, notify, report.
raf 1. shelf; synonyms (n) ledge, rack, bank, flat,
projection, board, frame, shallows, stand, support,
bench, bracket, breakers, (adj) shallow, 2. rack;
synonyms (n) manger, wrack, cage, boot, hob,
destruction, (v) torture, excruciate, torment, afflict,
agonize, pain, bedevil, crucify, distress.
rabet 1. demand; synonyms (n) claim, request,
requirement, requisition, sale, call, (v) ask,
372
Turkish - English
command, need, require, appeal, beg, charge,

expect, involve; antonym (v) supply, 2. run
dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function,
go, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, (adj) stream.
rahat 1. ease; synonyms (n) comfort, convenience,
rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v)
alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax,
(adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort,
comfortable; synonyms (adj) cozy, easy, agreeable,
pleased, pleasing, prosperous, congenial,
intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy, 3. cosy;
synonyms (adj) companionable, sociable, clubbable,
conversable, (n) cosey, (v) comfortable, 4. easy
(kolay); synonyms (adj) convenient, gentle,
familiar, graceful, lenient, light, clear, casual,
comfy, cushy, easygoing, effortless, free, (adv) soft,
easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous,
demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome,
particular, strenuous, tough, awkward, testing,
uneasy, 5. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n)
remnant, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue,
break, quiet, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, perch,
(adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 6. peaceful;
synonyms (adj) peaceable, even, meek, peace,
placid, silent, amicable, composed, halcyon, mild,
serene, tranquil, untroubled, collected, bland;
antonyms (adj) aggressive, noisy, violent, 7. peace
(bar, huzur); synonyms (n) harmony, serenity,
hush, agreement, amity, accord, composure,
concord, coolness, heartsease, order, pacification,
silence, truce, armistice; antonyms (n) noise, chaos,
conflict, uproar, commotion, 8. comfort
(avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, consolation,
amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, luxury,
pleasure, sympathy, (v) cheer, soothe, console,
encourage, pity, reassure; antonyms (n)
rahatlatc comfortable; synonyms (adj) cozy, easy,
intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy.
rahatlatmak comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n)
solace, ease, consolation, relief, aid, amenity,
assistance, support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage,
cheer, alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n)
rahatlk 1. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort,

aggravate, worsen, 2. comfort (avutmak);
synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation, amenity,
assistance, support, alleviation, luxury, pleasure, (v)
cheer, soothe, console, encourage, pity, (adj) calm;
antonyms (n) aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy,
frighten.
rahatsz 1. uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable,
calm, 2. ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing,
diseased, unhealthy, adverse, (adv) badly, poorly,
sickly, (n) evil, harm, complaint, hurt, ailment,
mischief; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well, 3.
uncomfortable; synonyms (adj) embarrassing,
inconvenient, difficult, discomfited, uneasy,
cheerless, embarrassed, painful, (v) untoward;
antonyms (adj) comfortable, relaxed, comfy, 4. sick
(hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, indisposed,
weary, invalid, morbid, nauseous, poor, crazy,
disgusted, nauseated, upset, (v) unwell, puke,
vomit.
rahatszlk 1. discomfort; synonyms (n) pain,
uneasiness, annoyance, anxiety, unease, agitation,
displeasure, disquiet, distress, hurt, malaise,
misery, restlessness, soreness, suffering; antonyms
(v) ease, comfort, 2. disturbance; synonyms (n)
commotion, disorder, turmoil, brawl, derangement,
dislocation, disruption, tumult, upset, din, affray,
bother, confusion, perturbation, (adj) trouble, 3. ill;
synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing, diseased,
unhealthy, adverse, harmful, (adv) badly, poorly,
sickly, (n) evil, harm, complaint, ailment, mischief;
antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well, 4. unrest;
synonyms (n) ferment, fermentation, revolution,
turbulence, excitement, chaos, disturbance, strife;
antonyms (n) calm, rest, 5. trouble; synonyms (n)
difficulty, fuss, torment, care, concern, harass, (v)
inconvenience, annoy, worry, afflict, agitate,
burden, distract, disturb, (adj) affliction; antonym (v)
please.
rahibe sister (hemire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse,
rahip priest (papaz); synonyms (n) clergyman,
minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, cleric, parson,
pastor, presbyter, chaplain, monk, (adj) divine.
rahmet mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion,
blame.
rakam 1. number (numara, numaralamak, say,

Turkish - English
appearance, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour,
emblem, fashion, image, number, dummy, (v)
design, cast, cipher.
rakip 1. competitor; synonyms (n) rival, antagonist,
adversary, candidate, challenger, match,
competition, contender, opponent, enemy, aspirant,
entrant, contestant, corrival, player, 2. rival;
synonyms (adj) competitive, competing, opposed,
(n) competitor, emulate, foe, outvie, (v) equal,
contest, compete, contend, oppose, compare, meet,
surpass; antonyms (adj) allied, (n) ally, friend,
partner, 3. match (e, kibrit); synonyms (n)
couple, duplicate, peer, bout, (v) agree, mate,
parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise,
harmonize, balance, fellow, fit, pair; antonyms (v)
clash, contradict.
ralli rally; synonyms (n) assembly, meeting,
convention, gathering, (v) banter, gather, muster,
congregate, convene, assemble, chaff, collect,
converge, meet, mobilize; antonym (v) demobilize.
rampa ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, rise,
climb, ascending, elevation, hill, incline, advance,
grade, jump, slant, gradient, hike, inclination;
antonyms (n) descent, fall.
randevu 1. appointment (atama); synonyms (n)
assignment, date, designation, engagement, fitting,
post, rendezvous, berth, conference, election,
assignation, commission, encounter, job, meeting,
2. date (tarih); synonyms (n) age, appointment,
epoch, period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort,
determine, register, accompany, court, see, 3.
engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle,
commitment, conflict, contract, contest, fight, duty,
betrothal, employment, employ, agreement, clash,
mesh, (v) action.
randman output (kt); synonyms (n) crop, harvest,
turnout, yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v)
outcome.
rapor 1. report; synonyms (n) description, gossip,
notice, name, fame, message, narration, narrative,
news, notification, recital, record, (v) account,
describe, communicate; antonym (n) fact, 2.
statement; synonyms (n) declaration, affirmation,
assertion, command, proposition, enunciation,
profession, argument, avowal, bill, expression,
pronouncement; antonym (n) denial.
raportr reporter (muhabir); synonyms (n)
newsman, commentator, correspondent, journalist,
columnist, reviewer, newsperson, newswoman, (v)
informant, intelligencer, authority.
rasat observation (gzlem); synonyms (n)
(v) note, heed.
373
rasgele random; synonyms (adj) accidental, aimless,

irregular, patchy, fortuitous, arbitrary, casual,
indiscriminate, incidental, unplanned, purposeless,
(n) haphazard, chance, accident, (adv) helter-skelter;
antonym (adj) systematic.
raspa rubber (kauuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc,
arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize.
rastlant 1. coincidence; synonyms (n) accordance,
chance, accident, conjunction, coexistence,
concurrence, correspondence, appulse; antonym (n)
design, 2. accident (kaza); synonyms (n) casualty,
luck, smash, catastrophe, destiny.
rasyonel rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual,
reasonable, intelligent, judicious, logical, sane,
mental, just, practical, sagacious, sensible, sober,
sound, wise, lucid; antonyms (adj) irrational,
illogical, anxious.
ray 1. track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path,
chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint, 2. rail;
synonyms (n) bar, balustrade, handrail, railing,
fence, banister, track, pale, paling, bolt, barrier,
rails, (v) inveigh, vituperate, fulminate.
raz willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable, disposed,
ready, spontaneous, voluntary, amenable, inclined,
obliging, content, desirous, game; antonyms (adj)
unwilling, reluctant.
reaksiyon reaction (tepki, tepkime); synonyms (n)
answer, response, backlash, reply, effect, reception,
rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling.
reaktr reactor; synonym (n) stator.
realist realistic; synonyms (adj) naturalistic, graphic,
lifelike, practical, pragmatic, truthful, feasible,
actual, hardheaded, sober, attainable, authentic,
photographic; antonym (adj) unrealistic.
realizm realism; synonyms (n) naturalism, reality,
authenticity, fidelity, realness, truth, verisimilitude,
accuracy, certainty, closeness, dependability,
expediency, faithfulness, reasonableness,
sensibleness; antonym (n) idealism.
reasrans reassurance; synonyms (n) consolation,
encouragement, declaration, guarantee, lift, oath,
pledge, promise, protection, sympathy, word,
succor; antonym (n) nervousness.
reel 1. jam; synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze,
congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block,
cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym (v)
free, 2. preserve; synonyms (v) maintain, keep,
defend, guard, hold, save, cure, pickle, protect,
uphold, perpetuate, (n) jam, jelly, conserves,
marmalade; antonym (v) destroy.
374
Turkish - English
reete 1. prescription; synonyms (n) medicine,
refj refuge (snak); synonyms (n) protection,
prescript, drug, formula, direction, order,

command, medication, recipe, law, ordination,
edict, receipt, (adj) precept, rule, 2. formula
(forml); synonyms (n) form, convention,
expression, formality, method, principle, canon,
fashion, figure, formulary, pattern, prescription,
procedure, process, system, 3. recipe; synonyms
(n) secret, nostrum, means, answer, amalgamation,
basis, batter, blend, capacity, design, dish,
explanation, grouping, mixture, normal.
reddetme refusal; synonyms (n) declination, denial,
negative, no, rebuff, rejection, ban, prohibition,
repulse, negation, exclusion, preemption,
disobedience, repudiation, resistance; antonym (n)
permission.
reddetmek 1. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject,
decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, (n)
antonym (v) accept, 2. reject (geri evirmek);
synonyms (v) refuse, disapprove, discard, eliminate,
exclude, abandon, disown, ignore, renounce, repel,
repudiate, spurn, eject, jettison, (n) cull; antonyms
(v) approve, choose, select, acknowledge, grant.
refah 1. welfare; synonyms (n) prosperity, benefit,
good, happiness, health, advantage, sake, interest,
wellbeing, upbeat, (adv) weal, 2. comfort
(avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation,
relief, aid, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation,
(v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm;
antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm,
annoy, frighten, 3. prosperity; synonyms (n)
affluence, success, wealth, flourish, fortune,
welfare, opulence, abundance, prosperousness,
growth, riches, thrift, plenty; antonym (n) poverty,
4. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort,
convenience, rest, leisure, repose, satisfaction,
composure, lightness, comfortableness,
contentment, (v) relieve, facilitate, relax, appease,
(adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, awkwardness,
formality, (v) aggravate, worsen.
referandum referendum; synonyms (n) vote, ballot,
election, poll, initiative, plebiscitum, plumper,
recall, suffrage, voice.
referans reference (ilgi); synonyms (n) citation,
mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing,
connection, recommendation, innuendo,
refer.
refika wife (e, kar); synonyms (n) matron, missis,
reform reform; synonyms (n) amendment, (v) amend,
better, change, correct, rectify, modify, transform,
ameliorate, emend, improve, mend, reclaim,
regenerate, remodel.
asylum, sanctuary, resort, retreat, safety, cover,

haven, shelter, harbor, hideaway, hideout, covert,
(v) recourse, haunt.
regl period (devir, dnem, nokta); synonyms (n)
age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation,
day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length,
menstruation, stage, time.
regresyon regression; synonyms (n) regress, lapse,
setback, degeneration, deterioration, decay, relapse,
retreat, retrogression, reverse, reversion, fixation.
rehabilitasyon rehabilitation; synonyms (n)
reclamation, reinstatement, renewal, repair,
replacement, improvement, redress, refilling,
reformation, treatment, analysis, cure, healing,
physiotherapy, psychoanalysis.
rehber 1. guide (klavuz); synonyms (n) escort,
directory, attendant, control, usher, chief, (v) direct,
conduct, govern, drive, channel, bring, advise,
cicerone, convey; antonym (v) follow, 2. directory;
synonyms (n) catalogue, file, list, record, handbook,
roll, catalog, guide, listing, register, 3. pilot
(pilot); synonyms (n) leader, aviator, captain,
airman, cowcatcher, flier, (v) manage, lead, director,
fly, navigate, show, steer, (adj) experimental, trial.
rehberlik 1. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct,
antonym (v) follow, 2. guidance (yol gsterme);
synonyms (n) direction, government, advice,
administration, counsel, lead, instruction,
recommendation, regulation, care, education,
command, counselling, (v) management, charge.
rehin 1. security (gvenlik); synonyms (n) pledge,
protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral,
guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail,
cover, defense, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 2.
mortgage (ipotek); synonyms (n) gage, plight,
warranty, credit, loan, (v) pawn, impawn.
reis 1. chief (ana, ba); synonyms (adj) head,
principal, cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential,
first, main, (n) administrator, boss, captain,
executive, leader, paramount; antonyms (adj)
minor, associate, secondary, 2. head (ba, kafa);
synonyms (n) chief, front, point, foam, froth, crown,
chieftain, chair, brain, commander, director, end, (v)
(v) follow, 3. chairman (bakan); synonyms (n)
chairperson, chairwoman, president,
administration, gig, introducer, monitor, prexy,
professorship, spokesman.
rejim 1. regime; synonyms (n) administration,
government, dynasty, management, regimen,
reign, rule, authorities, plan, 2. diet; synonyms (n)
congress, convocation, council, convention,
nurture, food, assembly, dieting, fare, nourishment,
Turkish - English
sustenance, synod, cockpit, fast; antonyms (v)
binge, (adj) fattening.
rekabet competition; synonyms (n) contest, rivalry,
bout, competitor, contention, game, match, race,
rival, combat, battle, conflict, contender, emulation,
event; antonym (n) cooperation.
reklam 1. advertisement (ilan); synonyms (n)
announcement, declaration, ad, advert, advertising,
bill, circular, notice, publication, advertizement,
advertizing, placard, poster, 2. ad; synonyms (n)
advertisement, clip, preview, promo, sketch,
billboard, infomercial, publicizing, spin, trailer, (v)
manifesto, 3. publicity (propaganda); synonyms
(n) promotion, notoriety, propaganda, exposure,
buildup, disclosure.
reklm advertisement (ilan, reklam); synonyms
(n) announcement, declaration, ad, advert,
advertising, bill, circular, notice, publication,
advertizement, advertizing, placard, poster.
reklamclk advertising; synonyms (n) ad, advert,
advertisement, advertizement, advertizing,
promotion, propaganda, publicity, exposure,
buildup, hype, publicizing, puff, ballyhoo,
ballyhooing.
rekor record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayt, plak);

note, report, score, inscribe.
rektr 1. chancellor; synonyms (n) premier, consul,
lieutenant, magistrate, proconsul, syndic, judge,
justice, official, prefect, 2. president (bakan);
synonyms (n) chairman, chief, chair, chairperson,
chairwoman, leader, boss, head, principal, speaker,
emperor, imperator, king, majesty.
rende plane (planya, uak); synonyms (n) airplane,
face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v)
flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal,
smooth, flush.
rendelemek plane (planya, uak); synonyms (n)
surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat,
renk colour; synonyms (n) coloration, coloring,
colouring, semblance, vividness, (v) color, discolor,
discolour, distort, tinge.
renklendirmek colour (renk); synonyms (n)
coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance,
vividness, (v) color, discolor, discolour, distort,
tinge.
renkli 1. coloured; synonyms (adj) biased, black,
colorful, dyed, blue, aslant, aslope, benighted,
bleached, closed, dark, slanted, depressing,
diagonal, disconsolate, 2. colourful; synonym (adj)
coloured.
renksiz dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense,
dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark,
dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen;
375
antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, exciting,

interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing,
exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, highpitched, intense, luminous.
repertuar repertoire; synonym (n) repertory.
reprodksiyon reproduction; synonyms (n) replica,
resepsiyon reception (alma, kabul); synonyms (n)
receipt, acceptance, admission, entertainment,
greeting, party, receiving, adoption, getting,
salutation, acceptation, comprehension,
admittance, inclusion, (adj) soiree.
resim 1. picture (grnt, tablo); synonyms (n)
photograph, effigy, paint, drawing, likeness,
depiction, description, (v) image, describe, draw,
depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, 2. image
(grnt); synonyms (n) figure, picture,
conception, form, idea, impression, resemblance,
design, double, epitome, icon, idol, imagination,
diagram, apprehension, 3. painting; synonyms (n)
portrait, coat, art, 4. figure (figr, ekil);
synonyms (n) appearance, character, estimate,
shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion,
number, dummy, (v) cast, count, calculate, cipher,
5. drawing (izim); synonyms (n) draft, drafting,
delineation, plan, cartoon, draftsmanship, draught,
painting, chart, illustration, lottery, outline,
representation, traction, 6. illustration; synonyms
(n) example, case, exemplification, instance,
demonstration, explanation, model, sample,
exemplar, sketch, exposition, portrayal,
comparison, representative, table.
resimlemek illustrate; synonyms (v) elucidate,
explain, demonstrate, depict, describe, explicate,
clarify, adorn, cite, decorate, embellish, expound,
represent, show, (adj) exemplify.
reitlik majority (ounluk); synonyms (n) bulk,
age, plurality, body, mass, maturity,
preponderance, adolescence; antonym (n) minority.
resmen officially; synonyms (adv) formally,
apparently, evidently, lawfully, legally, ostensibly,
outwardly, strictly, theoretically, exactly,
legitimately, precisely, properly; antonym (adv)
unofficially.
resmetmek 1. draw (ekmek, izmek); synonyms
(v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive,
contour, emblem, fashion, image, (v) cast, count,
calculate, cipher.
resmi 1. formal (biimsel); synonyms (adj)
conventional, ceremonious, distant, ceremonial,
376
Turkish - English
courtly, elegant, official, prim, solemn, stately, cold,

nominal, pedantic, precise, proper; antonyms (adj)
informal, relaxed, unceremonious, 2. official;
synonyms (adj) formal, functional, regular,
sanctioned, magisterial, authorized, (n) officer,
minister, bureaucrat, executive, functionary,
administrator, (v) authoritative, administrative,
authentic; antonyms (adj) unofficial, private, illegal.
resmiyet ceremony (tren); synonyms (n) formality,
ressam 1. artist; synonyms (n) actor, artificer, master,
player, musician, performer, artisan, creator,
entertainer, maker, architect, stylist, 2. painter;
synonyms (n) artist, limner, cable, catamount,
cougar, guy, halser, hawser, line.
ressamlk painting (resim); synonyms (n) picture,
portrait, likeness, depiction, icon, design, image,
coat, drawing, art.
restoran restaurant (lokanta); synonyms (n)
cafeteria, canteen, bistro, coffeehouse, buffet, cafe,
refectory, caf, nightclub.
restorasyon restoration; synonyms (n) restitution,
reinstatement, renewal, renovation, restore, revival,
recuperation, reform, regeneration, (v) amends;
antonyms (n) confiscation, reduction.
ret 1. refusal; synonyms (n) declination, denial,
negative, no, rebuff, rejection, ban, prohibition,
repulse, negation, exclusion, preemption,
disobedience, repudiation, resistance; antonym (n)
permission, 2. rejection; synonyms (n) dismissal,
refusal, abandonment, renunciation, exception,
disavowal, censure, defection, desertion, effusion,
ejection, abjuration, disclaimer, rebuttal, snub;
antonyms (n) acceptance, approval.
reverans bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance,
rezalet 1. scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace,
opprobrium, shame, obloquy; antonym (n) honor,
2. outrage; synonyms (n) affront, atrocity,
indignity, anger, enormity, injury, contumely,
force, crime, (v) insult, offend, violate, desecrate,
horrify, (adj) abuse, 3. scene; synonyms (n) aspect,
view, background, display, environment, outlook,
act, appearance, look, (v) prospect.
rezerv reserve (ayrmak); synonyms (n) backup,
friendliness, informality, warmth.
rezervasyon 1. reservation; synonyms (n) reserve,

limitation, booking, condition, qualification,
modesty, exception, constraint, order, doubt,
misgiving, query, saving, uncertainty; antonym (n)
certainty, 2. booking; synonyms (n) reservation,
entry, employment, appointment, battle, betrothal,
engagement, renting, conflict, date, fight,
interlocking, involution, involvement, mesh.
rezistans resistance; synonyms (n) opposition,
riayet respect; synonyms (n) honor, esteem, homage,
worship, heed, notice, account, consideration,
deference, (v) regard, observe, admire, appreciate,
estimation, keep; antonyms (n) cheek, insolence,
impudence, (v) disrespect, scorn, despise, dishonor,
rica 1. request (istek); synonyms (n) petition, bid,
prayer, application, claim, (v) demand, ask, invite,
order, pray, appeal, beg, call, desire, entreat;
antonym (v) command, 2. plea; synonyms (n)
defense, justification, answer, apology, pretext,
allegation, entreaty, excuse, argument, alibi,
advocacy, explanation, pretense, pretension,
request, 3. petition; synonyms (n) invocation,
asking, address, plea, supplication, orison, grace, (v)
crave, apply, sue, beseech, plead, implore, invoke,
seek.
rhtm dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor,
cut, pare, curtail, deprive; antonym (v) undock.
ring ring (halka, yzk); synonyms (n) encircle,
band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v)
circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird.
risale tract; synonyms (n) area, essay, expanse,
pamphlet, region, dissertation, district, extent,
section, lot, plot, domain, land, province, belt.
risk 1. risk; synonyms (n) hazard, peril, chance,
danger, gamble, jeopardy, adventure, bet, venture,
(v) endanger, wager, dare, imperil, jeopardize,
stake; antonyms (n) safety, (v) protect, 2. hazard
(tehlike); synonyms (n) risk, fortune, accident,
difficulty, insecurity, lot, luck, threat, fate, (v)
menace, undertake, expose, guess, pawn,
compromise, 3. venture; synonyms (n) attempt,
speculation, enterprise, try, effort, experiment,
undertaking, business, surmise, aim, bid, (v)
presume, speculate, brave, jeopard.
riskli risky; synonyms (adj) dangerous, hazardous,
chancy, insecure, perilous, unsafe, daring, dodgy,
precarious, uncertain, venturesome, audacious,
adventurous, critical, awkward; antonym (adj) safe.
Turkish - English
377
ritim rhythm; synonyms (n) measure, cadence, meter,
romantik romantic; synonyms (adj) sentimental,
beat, pulse, cycle, tempo, rhyme, metre, melody,

strain, swing, accent, assonance, crambo.
ritm rhythm; synonyms (n) measure, cadence, meter,
ritmik rhythmic; synonyms (adj) periodic,
rhythmical, cyclic, regular, graceful, hypnotic,
intermittent, mesmerizing, musical, recurring,
smooth, spellbinding, steady, cyclical, fascinating.
rivayet story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account,
(n) truth.
rza 1. consent; synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence,
consensus, agreement, approval, approbation,
compliance, (v) assent, agree, approve, concur,
accede, accept, acquiesce, (adj) allow; antonyms (n)
opposition, refusal, (v) disagree, refuse, veto, 2.
compliance; synonyms (n) observance,
accordance, complaisance, consent, obedience,
yielding, acceptance, conformation, conformity,
meekness, performance; antonyms (n)
disobedience, stubbornness, nonconformity.
riziko risk (risk); synonyms (n) hazard, peril, chance,
danger, gamble, jeopardy, adventure, bet, venture,
(v) endanger, wager, dare, imperil, jeopardize,
stake; antonyms (n) safety, (v) protect.
rizikolu risky; synonyms (adj) dangerous, hazardous,
chancy, insecure, perilous, unsafe, daring, dodgy,
precarious, uncertain, venturesome, audacious,
adventurous, critical, awkward; antonym (adj) safe.
roket rocket; synonyms (n) missile, bomb, bullet,
projectile, arugula, brickbat, carcass, grenade, (v)
soar, rise, skyrocket, zoom; antonyms (v) plummet,
dawdle.
rol 1. part (blm, para); synonyms (n) constituent,
piece, article, character, component, cut, division,
portion, section, share, (v) branch, break, disjoin,
divide, divorce; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj)
complete, 2. role; synonyms (n) part, function,
position, place, job, persona, post, purpose, use,
guise, (v) office, duty.
rlyef relief; synonyms (n) comfort, aid, consolation,
ease, help, relaxation, release, respite, solace,
abatement, alleviation, encouragement, redress,
rest, (v) assistance.
roman novel (yeni); synonyms (n) fiction, romance,
book, (adj) new, curious, fresh, modern, different,
unprecedented, original, newfangled, recent,
strange, unfamiliar, unique; antonym (adj) old.
romans romance; synonyms (n) fiction, novel, story,
intrigue, affair, fable, romanticism, tale, vagary, (v)
court, flirt, exaggerate, woo, coquet, coquette.
amorous, impractical, fanciful, romanticist,

unrealistic, utopian, amatory, fictitious, loving,
poetic, tender, idealistic, (n) visionary, idealist;
antonym (n) realist.
Rnesans renaissance; synonyms (n) rebirth, revival,
renascence, renewal, instauration, conversion,
metempsychosis, reincarnation, reappearance,
rejuvenation, repair, revitalization.
rportaj interview; synonyms (n) conference,
consultation, audience, conversation, hearing,
examination, appointment, discussion, meeting,
parley, (v) question, interrogate, talk, encounter.
rota 1. route (yol); synonyms (n) course, path, road,
direction, passage, avenue, channel, circuit,
highway, itinerary, line, track, way, lane, (v) direct,
2. course (yn); synonyms (n) stream, flow,
bearing, career, current, route, class, method, race,
approach, (v) run, chase, pour, aim, (prep) tide, 3.
lane; synonyms (n) alley, aisle, artery, passageway,
pathway, street, trail, walk, stroll.
rotasyon rotation (dnme); synonyms (n)
revolution, gyration, roll, round, turn, circulation,
curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence, bout.
ruh 1. soul; synonyms (n) man, creature, ghost, heart,
human, individual, mind, person, personification,
being, essence, life, mortal, psyche, (adj) core, 2.
spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, mood,
bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm,
phantom, soul, fortitude, dash, esprit, feeling, (adj)
animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body, 3.
essence; synonyms (n) entity, aroma, crux, gist,
perfume, hypostasis, burden, extract, fragrance,
kernel, nub, odor, root, scent, spirit, 4. ghost
(hayalet, hortlak); synonyms (n) shade, spectre,
spook, appearance, manes, suggestion, shadow,
touch, trace, vision, wraith, author, (v) specter,
ghostwrite, haunt, 5. extract; synonyms (n)
excerpt, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v) draw,
abstract, derive, educe, elicit, distill, express, get,
extort, cull, 6. shade (glge, glgelemek,
color, hue, blind, cloud, conceal, darkness, dye,
nuance, (v) darken, tint, cover, obscure,
overshadow; antonyms (n) light, brightness.
ruhani spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy,
immaterial, religious, incorporeal, pious, divine,
ethereal, mental, psychic, metaphysical,
intellectual, sacred, supernatural, unworldly;
antonyms (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly.
ruhbilim psychology (psikoloji); synonyms (n)
psychics, mentality, animastic, metaphysics,
ontology.
ruhbilimci psychologist; synonym (n) psychologue.
ruhsal spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy,
378
Turkish - English

ruhsat 1. licence (lisans); synonyms (v) license,
certify, endorse, evidence, attest, demonstrate,
indorse, manifest, 2. concession (imtiyaz,
dn); synonyms (n) admission, compliance,
allowance, compromise, discount, grant,
agreement, charter, conceding, yielding,
acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent, (v)
boon, 3. permission (izin); synonyms (n) consent,
permit, approval, authority, leave, liberty, licence,
authorization, dispensation, pass, sanction,
approbation, concession, acquiescence,
endorsement; antonym (n) refusal, 4. leave
abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, (n)
furlough, holiday, permission, break, (adj) empty;
change, come, 5. permit (izin, izin vermek);
synonyms (v) allow, give, admit, let, bear, endure,
have, agree, legalize, enable, suffer, tolerate,
warrant, approve, authorize; antonyms (v) forbid,
ban, prevent, prohibit, stop, 6. certificate;
synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification,
credential, credentials, document, testimonial,
authentication, deed, docket, bill, award, coupon,
guarantee, paper, 7. warrant; synonyms (n) vouch,
security, certificate, commission, pledge, support,
justification, mandate, (v) assure, justify, ensure,
empower, warranty, promise, insure.
rulo roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list,
revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil,
reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist,
wallow.
rt majority (ounluk); synonyms (n) bulk, age,
plurality, body, mass, maturity, preponderance,
adolescence; antonym (n) minority.
rvet corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n)
incorruptness.
rvetilik corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n)
incorruptness.
rtbe 1. grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, place,
rank, degree, order, brand, category, gradient,
score, form, group, quality, (v) level, classify,
evaluate, 2. rank (sra); synonyms (n) range, file,
gradation, line, rate, post, arrangement, (adj) putrid,
luxuriant, bad, (v) arrange, grade, position, array,
estimate; antonym (adj) fresh, 3. degree (derece);
synonyms (n) extent, condition, title, caliber, status,

amount, caste, height, measure, plane, point, scale,
stage, deal, standing, 4. order (dzen,
command, decree, dictate, sort, charge, disposition,
edict, injunction, instruction, kind, genus, (v) direct,
request, 5. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms
(n) seat, base, depot, office, spot, dignity, job,
quarter, (v) locate, stand, lay, put, set, site, establish.
rutin routine; synonyms (n) round, habit, method,
procedure, process, act, custom, (adj) everyday,
ordinary, regular, common, customary, habitual,
mundane, normal; antonym (adj) unusual.
rutubet 1. damp; synonyms (adj) moist, muggy,
clammy, cool, dank, humid, (v) break, check, chill,
deaden, benumb, (n) wet, dampness, moisture,
clamminess; antonyms (adj) dry, (n) dryness, 2.
moisture; synonyms (n) humidity, damp,
moistness, vapor, 3. wet (slak, slatmak);
synonyms (adj) drenched, soaked, sodden, rainy,
saturated, soggy, watery, (v) moisten, water,
dampen, wash, douse, irrigate, drench, bedew;
antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched.
rutubetli 1. moist (nemli); synonyms (adj) humid,
damp, wet, clammy, dank, muggy, dampish,
soggy, wettish, juicy, sodden, sticky, watery,
dripping, marshy; antonym (adj) dry, 2. damp;
synonyms (adj) moist, cool, (v) break, check, chill,
deaden, benumb, cut, dampen, depress,
discourage, dishearten, (n) dampness, moisture,
clamminess; antonym (n) dryness.
rya dream; synonyms (n) daydream, aspiration,
ambition, vision, desire, fantasy, figment,
nightmare, reverie, sleep, coma, trance, notion, (v)
imagine, muse; antonym (n) reality.
Rzgar wind (sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v)
coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine,
blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave.
rzgr wind (Rzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air,
gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend,
S
saadet happiness (mutluluk); synonyms (n) delight,
enjoyment, blessedness, bliss, cheerfulness,
contentment, ecstasy, felicity, gladness, luck,
merriment, welfare, beatitude, joy, rapture;
antonyms (n) unhappiness, sadness, despair, grief,
misery, dissatisfaction.
saat 1. hour; synonyms (n) epoch, time, hr, moment,
nonce, crisis, day, minute, lifetime, month, quarter,
quinquennium, week, year, opportunity, 2. clock;
synonyms (n) alarm, chronograph, knock, whack,
Turkish - English
punch, thump, face, heart, (v) measure, stopwatch,
attack, count, inspect, note, notice, 3. time (sre,
zaman); synonyms (n) hour, period, duration, era,
season, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo,
sentence, beat, occasion, course; antonym (n) death,
4. o'clock, 5. watch (bakmak, seyretmek);

wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view,
sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance.
sabah morning; synonyms (n) dawn, daybreak,
sunrise, daylight, forenoon, morn, aurora,
cockcrow, dawning, dayspring, sunup; antonym (n)
dusk.
sabk 1. late (ge); synonyms (adj) former, dead,
deceased, behindhand, belated, delayed, modern,
slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh,
backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv)
early, punctually, promptly, punctual, 2. former
(eski, nceki); synonyms (adv) before, (adj)
previous, prior, original, past, preceding, foremost,
primary, ancient, (n) predecessor; antonym (adj)
future, 3. past (gemi); synonyms (adj) beyond,
old, back, gone, over, preterit, late, erstwhile,
olden, ago, (n) history, yesterday, (adv) by, aside,
(prf) along; antonyms (adj) contemporary, current,
(prep) within, (n) present, prospect.
sabr patience; synonyms (n) endurance, forbearance,
fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, resignation,
tolerance, restraint, composure, persistence,
solitaire, sufferance, indulgence, (v) moderation,
calmness; antonym (n) impatience.
sabrl patient; synonyms (adj) invalid, forbearing,
passive, calm, enduring, resigned, tolerant,
uncomplaining, stoical, lenient, meek, persistent,
considerate, indefatigable; antonym (adj) impatient.
sabrsz 1. eager; synonyms (adj) avid, desirous,
impatient; synonyms (adj) eager, hasty, anxious,
petulant, fidgety, edgy, quick, impetuous, irritable,
restive, restless, testy, uneasy, weary, cross;
antonyms (adj) patient, enduring.
sabit 1. constant (deimez); synonyms (adj)
ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, steady, continual,
abiding, changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal,
faithful, frequent, loyal, resolute, (n) invariable;
antonyms (adj) changeable, intermittent, irregular,
sporadic, variable, episodic, erratic, inconstant,
disloyal, fickle, inconsistent, occasional, temporary,
unreliable, 2. fixed (deimez); synonyms (adj)
determined, definite, constant, durable, certain,
decided, determinate, established, fast, fastened,
intent, permanent, rigid, (v) stable, (adv) firm;
379
movable, separate, compliant, loose, moveable,

portable, removable, 3. steady; synonyms (adj)
even, secure, fixed, cool, sedate, settled, smooth,
solid, staid, composed, (v) steadfast, calm, regular,
brace, quiet; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky,
wobbly, 4. settled; synonyms (adj) set, defined,
formed, confirmed, finished, standing, done,
peaceful, assured, lasting, sober, stated, colonized,
occupied, ordinary; antonym (adj) uninhabited, 5.
established; synonyms (v) commonplace, (adj)
conventional, accepted, accomplished, customary,
effected, orthodox, completed, constituted, official,
recognized, unwavering, accustomed, arranged,
habitual; antonym (adj) unproven, 6. permanent
(kalc); synonyms (adj) everlasting, perennial,
enduring, immutable, indelible, continuing,
immortal, stationary, unchangeable, undying,
ineffaceable, irrevocable, persistent, (n) perm, (v)
immovable; antonyms (adj) fleeting, brief,
impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile,
superficial, 7. firm; synonyms (n) company,
business, (adj) hard, close, compact, strong, decisive,
dense, stiff, stubborn, sturdy, adamant, crisp,
inflexible, (adv) firmly; antonyms (adj) irresolute,
soft, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 8. fast
(hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute, agile,
brisk, colorfast, dissipated, expeditious, express,
(adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, (adv)
slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 9. set
adjust, arrange, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot;
comb-out, 10. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post,
(n) rank, fame, importance, prestige, reputation,
footing, attitude, repute, status, (adj) erect,
motionless, continuance, stagnant, 11. stable;
synonyms (adj) reliable, sound, immobile,
responsible, equable, safe, static, stout, tight,
uniform, tranquil, dependable, still, substantial, (v)
stall; antonyms (adj) unstable, dangerous,
precarious, rickety, volatile, 12. substantive;
synonyms (adj) real, essential, meaty, significant,
material, actual, crucial, hearty, indispensable,
satisfying, (n) noun, name, reality, (v) substantivize.
sabun soap; synonyms (n) cleanser, run, (v) lather,
bribe, grease, oil, wheedle, cajole, bathe, clean, flog,
inveigle, lash, (adj) episodic, maudlin.
sabunlamak soap (sabun); synonyms (n) cleanser,
run, (v) lather, bribe, grease, oil, wheedle, cajole,
bathe, clean, flog, inveigle, lash, (adj) episodic,
maudlin.
sa hair; synonyms (n) fuzz, coat, down, fleece, fur,
hairbreadth, haircloth, locks, pile, coiffure, (adj)
brush, clipping, driblet.
380
Turkish - English
saak 1. fringe; synonyms (n) brim, brink, edge,

boundary, periphery, rim, bound, perimeter, frame,
circumference, (v) border, hem, skirt, verge, (adj)
feather, 2. canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover,
screen, shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble,
shield, visor.
sama 1. absurd (anlamsz); synonyms (adj) foolish,
preposterous, ridiculous, unreasonable, irrational,
crazy, derisory, illogical, incredible, inept,
ludicrous, meaningless, nonsensical, outrageous,
senseless; antonym (adj) sensible, 2. foolish
(aklsz); synonyms (adj) childish, fool, daft, dopey,
dull, dumb, fatuous, silly, stupid, unwise, anserine,
dopy, dotty, idiotic, (n) absurd; antonyms (adj) wise,
prudent, shrewd, visionary, 3. bull (boa);
synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot,
absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, cop,
copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder, 4. irrational;
synonyms (adj) inconsistent, blind, imprudent,
unsound, insane, thoughtless, surd, deranged,
incongruous, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) rational,
logical, 5. nonsense; synonyms (n) gibberish,
balderdash, baloney, drivel, folderol, foolishness,
humbug, claptrap, falderal, folly, hooey, jargon,
rigmarole, cobblers, (v) stuff; antonym (n) sense, 6.
ridiculous; synonyms (adj) funny, laughable,
comical, farcical, inane, amusing, comic, droll,
grotesque, humorous, extravagant, injudicious,
pathetic, burlesque, facetious; antonyms (adj)
inspiring, reasonable, 7. rubbish; synonyms (n)
refuse, garbage, litter, nonsense, trash, junk, offal,
debris, trumpery, waste, dirt, rubble, bull,
codswallop, (adj) bosh, 8. shot; synonyms (n)
gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot,
picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge,
effort, endeavor.
samalamak gas (benzin, gaz); synonyms (n)
gasoline, petrol, air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence,
petroleum, oil, gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag,
vaunt, blague, blow.
sadaka charity; synonyms (n) bounty, dole, favor,
aid, generosity, kindness, liberality, mercy, virtue,
clemency, compassion, gift, pity, (v) almsgiving,
(adj) benignity; antonyms (n) miserliness,
intolerance.
sadakat 1. loyalty; synonyms (n) allegiance, faith,
devotion, honesty, dedication, faithfulness, fealty,
fidelity, commitment, integrity, attachment,
constancy, homage, belief, reality; antonym (n)
disloyalty, 2. faith (gven); synonyms (n)
confidence, conviction, trust, credence, credit,
assurance, creed, cult, dependence, expectation,
hope, piety, reliance, religion, church; antonym (n)
unbelief, 3. allegiance; synonyms (n) loyalty,
duty; antonym (n) sedition.
sade 1. stark; synonyms (adj) austere, bare, bleak,
desolate, mere, plain, severe, simple, bald, positive,
absolute, barren, harsh, sheer, naked, 2. plain

(ak, dz); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
manifest, obvious, perspicuous, (n) flat; antonyms
(adj) elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled,
multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed,
confused, fussy, two-colored, 3. simple (basit);
synonyms (adj) pure, elementary, innocent, natural,
rustic, honest, chaste, childish, childlike, foolish,
ingenuous, light, modest, naive, (n) shallow;
antonyms (adj) complex, complicated, compound,
difficult, multiple, obscure, confusing, cunning,
multifaceted, problematical, sophisticated, 4.
severe; synonyms (adj) rigid, biting, hard,
inclement, rigorous, rough, arduous, bad, cutting,
grim, heavy, intense, serious, strict, (v) poignant;
antonyms (adj) gentle, mild, lenient, slight, lax.
sadece 1. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) alone, but,
exclusively, just, merely, barely, entirely, simply,
however, (adj) exclusive, individual, lone, one, sole,
all, 2. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly,
(adj) fair, right, correct, equitable, accurate, honest,
impartial, fit, good, reasonable, righteous, upright;
antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong, 3. simply;
synonyms (adv) only, directly, absolutely, easily,
plainly, purely, plain, honestly, manifestly,
obviously, openly, clearly, sincerely, solely,
straightforwardly; antonym (adv) elaborately, 4.
exclusively; synonyms (adv) completely, specially,
wholly, totally, 5. merely, 6. solely; synonym (adj)
singly.
sadelik simplicity (basitlik); synonyms (n)
innocence, ease, easiness, plainness, simpleness,
clarity, artlessness, austerity, gullibility, severity,
ignorance, frankness, rusticity, informality, (adj)
inexperience; antonyms (n) difficulty, complexity,
ambiguity.
sadk 1. constant (deimez, sabit); synonyms (adj)
ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, steady, continual,
abiding, changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal,
faithful, frequent, loyal, resolute, (n) invariable;
antonyms (adj) changeable, intermittent, irregular,
sporadic, variable, episodic, erratic, inconstant,
disloyal, fickle, inconsistent, occasional, temporary,
unreliable, 2. faithful; synonyms (adj) authentic,
correct, close, constant, exact, dependable, devoted,
sound, true, unfailing, devout, dutiful, fast, honest,
(n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, inaccurate,
unfaithful, 3. devoted; synonyms (adj) addicted,
affectionate, ardent, consecrated, fond, pious,
committed, eager, enthusiastic, keen, loving,
passionate, reliable, religious, (prep) dedicated;
antonyms (adj) uncommitted, indifferent, 4. loyal;
synonyms (adj) unwavering, obedient, liege,
observant, patriotic, responsible, staunch, steadfast,
trustworthy, trusty, (v) firm, stanch, 5. true
Turkish - English
(doru, gerek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, right,
even, straight, truthful, direct, sincere, factual,
literal, precise, proper, veritable, (v) square, (n)
genuine; antonyms (adj) bogus, untrue.
saf 1. pure (ar); synonyms (adj) just, absolute,
diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked, 2. clean
(temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) fair,
antiseptic, blank, pure, adroit, tidy, unblemished,
(v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep,
wash, decontaminate; antonyms (adj) filthy,
unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy,
3. absolute (mutlak, tam); synonyms (adj)
categorical, real, unqualified, utter, actual,
arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete,
conclusive, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial,
qualified, 4. fine (gzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj)
delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant,
excellent, nice, thin, delightful, acute, admirable,
alright, (n) penalty, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) poor,
thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 5.
naive; synonyms (adj) inexperienced,
unsophisticated, green, gullible, ignorant,
ingenuous, naif, simple, callow, inartificial, candid,
childlike, credulous, frank, unaffected; antonyms
(adj) sophisticated, experienced, astute, cunning,
mature, worldly, sly, 6. clear (ak, belirgin,
berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj)
open, apparent, distinct, empty, light, plain,
blameless, (v) bright, acquit, free, net, absolve,
definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj)
7. innocent (masum); synonyms (adj) harmless,
innocuous, guiltless, naive, spotless, innoxious,
inoffensive, unconscious, unsuspecting, virgin,
virtuous, holy, honest, (n) child, baby; antonyms
(adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, 8. array
(dizi); synonyms (n) arrangement, line, garment, (v)
attire, dress, adorn, apparel, arrange, clothe, deck,
display, garb, range, ornament, align; antonym (v)
disarray, 9. genuine; synonyms (adj) authentic,
sincere, true, faithful, factual, hearty, unfeigned,
very, accurate, earnest, intrinsic, legitimate, literal,
native, original; antonyms (adj) bogus, fake,
insincere, affected, artificial, dishonest, false,
pretend, hypocritical, replica, 10. rank (sra);
synonyms (n) place, file, gradation, degree, quality,
rate, post, (adj) putrid, (v) order, class, classify,
grade, position, array, group, 11. simple (basit);
synonyms (adj) homely, elementary, humble, rustic,
bare, childish, easy, foolish, modest, sheer, rude,
381
austere, common, (n) shallow, silly; antonyms (adj)

complex, complicated, compound, elaborate,
difficult, multiple, ornate, multifaceted,
problematical.
safha 1. phase (evre, faz); synonyms (n) aspect,
stage, facet, chapter, grade, circumstance,
condition, degree, appearance, form, leg, level,
period, side, situation, 2. stage (sahne);
synonyms (n) phase, floor, point, arena, layer,
gradation, set, stadium, height, dais, (v) present,
order, mount, play, arrange.
saflk 1. purity (arlk); synonyms (n) innocence,
holiness, cleanness, clearness, honor, virtue,
perfection, chastity, pureness, sanctity, elegance,
integrity, blamelessness, clarity, simplicity;
antonyms (n) coarseness, guilt, 2. innocence;
synonyms (n) ignorance, artlessness, gullibility,
ingenuousness, purity, innocency, sinlessness,
candor, frankness, honour; antonym (n)
sophistication.
safra 1. bile; synonyms (n) anger, gall, ebullition,
ferment, fume, pucker, fury, indignation, rage,
malice, antipathy, bitterness, colera, dislike, hatred,
2. gall; synonyms (n) cheek, audacity, acerbity,
acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate,
impertinence, impudence, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk,
irritate.
sa 1. right (doru); synonyms (adj) correct,
appropriate, due, just, proper, decent, good, even,
perfect, accurate, exact, fair, faithful, fit, (n)
privilege; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified,
immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong, 2. alive
(canl); synonyms (adj) active, live, living, sensible,
vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware,
eager, acute, energetic, animate, awake, extant;
antonyms (adj) dead, deceased, inanimate, 3. living
(canl); synonyms (adj) alive, fresh, quick, vital, (n)
livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation,
benefice, existence, keep, maintenance, subsistence,
support; antonym (n) death.
saanak shower (du); synonyms (n) rain, drizzle,
barrage, rainfall, torrent, volley, (v) pour, bathe,
hail, sprinkle, wash, shed, bath, scatter, spray.
sar deaf; synonyms (adj) earless, blind, indifferent,
unhearing, aspirated, atonic, deve, inattentive,
oblivious, regardless, surd, thoughtless, unaware,
unconcerned, (v) deafen; antonym (adj) hearing.
salam 1. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit,
delicious, right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine,
nice, superior, well, advantageous, (n) benign,
wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 2. secure
(gvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten,
acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, (adj) safe, firm,
certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose,
detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 3.
382
Turkish - English
sure; synonyms (adj) reliable, secure, indisputable,

dependable, assured, definite, infallible, positive,
bound, absolute, decisive, fixed, (adv) certainly, (v)
steady, convinced; antonyms (adj) doubtful,
uncertain, unsure, hesitant, 4. sound (ses);
synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, blow, (adj)
reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just,
rational, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n)
silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 5. solid
(kat); synonyms (adj) dense, compact, consistent,
hard, real, strong, massive, substantial, hearty,
heavy, material, potent, rigid, sturdy, thick;
antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, gaseous, permeable,
runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid, 6. steady;
synonyms (adj) even, constant, continual, resolute,
stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, continuous,
determined, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace;
intermittent, 7. fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj)
dissolute, agile, debauched, hurried, instant, quick,
rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, dissipated, durable,
expeditious, (adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj)
sluggish, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n)
binge, 8. firm; synonyms (n) company, business,
(adj) solid, stiff, stubborn, enduring, adamant, crisp,
decided, established, inflexible, loyal, obstinate, (v)
faithful, (adv) firmly; antonyms (adj) irresolute,
weak, limp, soggy, 9. healthy; synonyms (adj)
healthful, hale, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial,
sound, whole, abundant, nutritious, active,
flourishing, hygienic, lusty, tough, vigorous;
antonyms (adj) unhealthy, harmful, unwell, unfit,
dependent, fattening, infected, soporific,
unwholesome, 10. strong; synonyms (adj) intense,
powerful, deep, cogent, forcible, influential, fierce,
athletic, energetic, forceful, high, loud, muscular,
persuasive, severe; antonyms (adj) bland, delicate,
faint, feeble, frail, mild, pale, slight, unconvincing,
cowardly, diluted, dull, exhausted, flimsy,
imperceptible, 11. tough; synonyms (adj) difficult,
tenacious, arduous, hardy, laborious, rugged, stout,
rough, leathery, demanding, harsh, (n) bully,
rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan; antonyms (adj) tender,
easy, lightweight, simple, 12. safe; synonyms (adj)
cautious, harmless, innocuous, correct, innocent,
inoffensive, sure, unscathed, protected, chary,
discreet, prudent, (n) closet, coffer, strongbox;
antonyms (adj) dangerous, hurt, risky, unprotected,
reckless, 13. valid (Geerli); synonyms (adj) legal,
genuine, authentic, legitimate, rightful, true,
effectual, lawful, competent, confirmed, adequate,
convincing, logical, satisfactory, sufficient;
antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid, annulled,
bogus, 14. substantial (nemli); synonyms (adj)
actual, considerable, important, palpable,
significant, essential, momentous, concrete, ample,
big, corporeal, grave, hefty, large, satisfying;
antonyms (adj) insignificant, insubstantial, small,
ethereal, worthless, 15. robust; synonyms (adj)

brawny, mighty, masculine, rich, stalwart,
strapping, robustious, able-bodied, bulky, manly,
handsome, burly, resilient, (n) iron, stanch;
antonym (adj) fragile.
salama 1. provision (hkm); synonyms (n)
arrangement, condition, clause, proviso, stock,
article, board, requirement, stipulation, store,
maintenance, (v) preparation, feed, cater, supply;
antonym (n) lack, 2. proof (kant); synonyms (n)
confirmation, demonstration, probation, argument,
salamak 1. secure (gvenli); synonyms (v) close,
fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure,
fast, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind;
antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable,
loose, unsafe, 2. provide; synonyms (v) give,
contribute, furnish, offer, accommodate,
administer, afford, cater, equip, supply, allow, fit,
endow, outfit, nourish, 3. supply (tedarik
etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue,
fund, (v) stock, fill, store, feed, provide, deliver,
produce, supplement, add, gratify, render, 4.
obtain; synonyms (v) gain, get, have, achieve, earn,
accomplish, derive, effect, buy, collect, extract, find,
gather, make, prevail, 5. ensure; synonyms (v)
cover, ascertain, check, guarantee, insure, secure,
control, determine, promise, safeguard, see,
warrant, 6. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms
let, compel, constitute, design, drive, erect, execute,
(n) form; antonym (v) destroy.
salamlatrma consolidation; synonyms (n)
amalgamation, unification, combination,
fortification, union, condensation, joinder,
coalition, integration.
salamlatrmak 1. secure (gvenli); synonyms (v)
close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain,
ensure, fast, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident,
attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj)
insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 2. reinforce;
synonyms (v) bolster, intensify, enhance, buttress,
consolidate, fortify, support, enforce, harden,
recruit, reenforce, strengthen, amplify, increase,
assist; antonym (v) weaken.
salamlk 1. validity (geerlik); synonyms (n) force,
truth, authority, legitimacy, soundness, certainty,
authenticity, vigor, credibility, hardness, 2.
stability (denge); synonyms (n) constancy,
durability, firmness, permanence, poise,
steadiness; antonym (n) instability, 3. substance;
synonyms (n) essence, body, import, material,
Turkish - English
core, gist, means, quintessence, implication, spirit;
salk 1. fitness; synonyms (n) ability, adequacy,
appropriateness, aptness, capability, propriety,
correspondence, competence, competency,
convenience, correctness, fittingness, health,
qualification, congruity; antonyms (n) unsuitability,
inability, unfitness, 2. health; synonyms (n)
condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form,
salubrity, shape, good, safety, security, bail,
comfort, crankness, (v) cure, 3. welfare (refah);
synonyms (n) prosperity, benefit, happiness,
advantage, sake, interest, wellbeing, upbeat, (adv)
weal.
salkl 1. healthy; synonyms (adj) healthful, fit, good,
hale, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial, hearty,
sound, well, whole, sane, abundant, nutritious,
active; antonyms (adj) unhealthy, harmful, unwell,
unfit, dependent, fattening, infected, soporific,
unwholesome, weak, 2. sound (ses); synonyms
(n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, blow, chirp, (adj)
reasonable, complete, healthy, just, rational, right,
sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical,
unsound, confused.
samak milk (st); synonyms (v) exploit, squeeze,
drain, tap, anodyne, balm, bleed, (adj) albumen,
chalk, glair, gluten.
saha 1. field (alan, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area,
realm, section, sphere, 2. ground (toprak, yer,
zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor,
reason, dirt, field, soil, account, country, basis, (v)
bottom, found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling, 3.
range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) array, reach,
scope, distance, (v) line, arrange, order, rank, roam,
group, ramble, wander, align, gad, classify, 4.
scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) purview, room,
expanse, drift, extent, oscilloscope, gamut, chance,
amplitude, breadth, dimension, latitude, play,
ambit, (v) view, 5. area (alan); synonyms (n)
region, size, width, neighborhood, district, space,
zone, topic, grounds, belt, capacity, circuit,
compartment, (adj) local, regional, 6. tract;
synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet, dissertation, lot,
plot, province, stretch, track, tractate, treatise,
county, discourse, exposition, parcel, park, 7.
pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant,
slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave,
hurl, throw, careen, launch.
sahi true (doru, gerek); synonyms (adj) real,
actual, faithful, right, even, accurate, authentic,
correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, (v)
square, (n) genuine; antonyms (adj) false, bogus,
inaccurate, untrue.
383
sahici real (gerek); synonyms (adj) genuine,

material, physical, true, concrete, literal, natural,
positive, pure, native, right, good, absolute, (n)
authentic, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal,
deceptive, false, fantasy, imitation, insubstantial,
mock, nominal, (v) pretend.
sahiden 1. really (gerekten); synonyms (adv)
actually, honestly, absolutely, genuinely, certainly,
real, truly, very, simply, authentically, practically,
essentially, extremely, (adj) indeed, sincerely, 2.
honestly; synonyms (adv) frankly, fairly, candidly,
directly, justly, faithfully, aboveboard, openly, fair,
bluntly, plainly, (adj) earnestly, really, accurately;
antonyms (adv) dishonestly, deceitfully,
misleadingly.
sahil 1. coast; synonyms (n) bank, beach, seaside,
shore, seashore, sand, seacoast, shoreline, (v) glide,
slide, drift, cruise; antonym (n) interior, 2. seaside;
synonyms (n) coast, seaboard, coastline, 3. strand;
synonyms (n) rope, chain, filament, line, string,
thread, wisp, yarn, fibril, scar, (v) maroon, desert,
abandon, 4. shore; synonyms (n) prop, edge, land,
buttress, stay, brace, margin, border, riverside,
shoring, side, waterside, embankment, (v) support,
5. beach (plaj); synonyms (n) foreshore, strand.
sahip 1. owner (mal sahibi); synonyms (n) master,
proprietor, possessor, holder, landholder,
landowner, boss, landlord, employer, occupant,
host, manager; antonym (n) tenant, 2. lord;
synonyms (n) chief, noble, sir, seignior, almighty,
creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman,
overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator, 3. holder;
synonyms (n) bearer, case, stand, container, rack,
handle, carrier, bracket, owner, support, vessel, 4.
master (ana, ba); synonyms (n) instructor, head,
leader, authority, headmaster, maestro, (v) conquer,
control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) original,
ace, expert, proficient, 5. proprietor.
sahiplik ownership (mlkiyet); synonyms (n)
control, proprietorship, occupancy, possession,
tenure, title, hold, (adj) property, claim, right.
sahipsiz 1. derelict; synonyms (adj) desolate,
delinquent, abandoned, deserted, forsaken,
neglectful, ramshackle, remiss, negligent,
dilapidated, decrepit, rickety, (n) outcast, tramp,
vagabond, 2. vacant (bo); synonyms (adj) empty,
blank, hollow, bare, devoid, free, idle, unfilled,
unoccupied, void, expressionless, open, vacuous,
inane, available; antonyms (adj) full, occupied.
sahne 1. stage; synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor,
degree, level, period, point, arena, layer, chapter,
leg, gradation, (v) present, order, mount, 2. scene;
synonyms (n) aspect, view, background, display,
environment, outlook, panorama, picture,
spectacle, lookout, perspective, act, appearance,
look, (v) prospect.
384
Turkish - English
sahnelemek stage (sahne); synonyms (n) grade,

phase, floor, degree, level, period, point, arena,
layer, chapter, leg, gradation, (v) present, order,
mount.
sahra wilderness; synonyms (n) desert, wild,
wasteland, solitude, wildness, (v) waste.
sahte 1. false (taklit, yanl); synonyms (adj) bastard,
truthful, honest, valid, 2. artificial (yapay);
synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, false,
feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained,
unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff,
manufactured.
sakal beard; synonyms (n) awn, hair, whiskers,
disguise, sloven, (v) dare, defy, camouflage, mask,
(adj) brave.
sakar awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy,
dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple.
sakat 1. game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement,
fun, entertainment, competition, contest, diversion,
bet, gamble, wager, 2. defective (kusurlu);
synonyms (adj) deficient, bad, faulty, imperfect,
broken, incomplete, lacking, unsound, vicious,
inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, inadequate,
incorrect; antonym (adj) perfect.
sakatlk 1. disability (yetersizlik); synonyms (n)
detriment, illness, trouble, 2. defect (kusur);
synonyms (n) fault, blemish, blot, flaw,
shortcoming, deficiency, failing, imperfection, scar,
weakness, dearth, deformity, foible, (v) desert, (adj)
infirmity.
sakin 1. quiet (sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull,
pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v)
talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise, 2. peaceful;
synonyms (adj) peaceable, quiet, even, meek, peace,
placid, silent, amicable, composed, halcyon, mild,
serene, tranquil, untroubled, collected; antonyms
(adj) aggressive, tense, violent, 3. calm; synonyms
(adj) bland, sedate, sober, soothe, stilly, (v) easy,
mollify, steady, tranquilize, abate, alleviate,
becalm, placate, (n) equanimity, coolness;
agitation, 4. easy (kolay); synonyms (adj)

comfortable, convenient, familiar, graceful, lenient,
light, clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy, cushy,
easygoing, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult,
arduous, demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome,
testing, uneasy, 5. comfortable; synonyms (adj)
homely, easeful, genial, (v) snug, luxurious;
antonyms (adj) uncomfortable, poor, unpleasant,
intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy, 6.
resident; synonyms (adj) native, inmate, local,
nonmigratory, (n) inhabitant, occupant, dweller,
tenant, citizen, lodger, occupier, representative, (v)
resiant; antonyms (adj) migratory, (n) landlord,
drifter, 7. smooth (dz, dzgn); synonyms (adj)
greasy, liquid, mellow, polished, slick, (v) facilitate,
flatten; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive,
wrinkle, 8. still; synonyms (adv) however, but,
nevertheless, yet, more, nonetheless, (adj) silence,
quiescent, inactive, mute, equable, hushed,
immobile, noiseless, (conj) notwithstanding;
antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy.
saknca objection; synonyms (n) dissent, protest,
complaint, exception, grievance, gripe,
disagreement, outcry, difficulty, disapproval,
expostulation, criticism, challenge, disadvantage,
drawback.
sakinletirmek 1. still; synonyms (adv) however, but,
fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 2. calm; synonyms (adj)
tranquil, bland, (v) appease, cool, still, allay, easy,
moderate, mollify, steady, tranquilize, abate,
alleviate, becalm, (n) equanimity; antonyms (adj)
agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed,
anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense,
irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n) agitation, 3. steady;
synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant,
continual, fixed, resolute, stable, incessant, sedate,
settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, regular, brace;
saknmak avoid; synonyms (v) shun, avert, parry,
escape, evade, abstain, annul, circumvent, duck,
elude, forbear, fudge, ignore, prevent, (adj) eschew;
antonyms (v) confront, associate, face, tackle.
saklama 1. storage (depolama); synonyms (n)
conservation, depot, memory, preservation,
retention, stock, accumulation, entrepot, store,
reposition, storehouse, warehousing, 2.
preservation; synonyms (n) maintenance,
Turkish - English
keeping, protection, custody, upkeep, care,
salvation, saving, security, creation; antonyms (n)
destruction, extinction, release.
saklamak 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak,

garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2. save
(kurtarmak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize,
rescue, conserve, free, maintain, liberate, protect,
redeem, retain, defend, economise, (prep) except,
but, excepting; antonyms (v) spend, squander,
waste, 3. cloak; synonyms (n) mask, veil,
camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind,
blanket, curtain, (v) cover, wrap, conceal,
dissemble, hide; antonyms (v) disclose, reveal,
uncover, 4. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n)
shade, riddle, disguise, partition, guard, protection,
covert, drape, (v) shield, shelter, cloak, filter,
obscure, safeguard, sieve, 5. keep (tutmak);
synonyms (v) hold, continue, have, celebrate,
confine, observe, save, commemorate, check,
harbor, direct, rear, restrain, (n) custody,
maintenance; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 6. hide
(gizlemek); synonyms (v) bury, ambush, muffle,
enshroud, envelop, shroud, (n) fur, coat, fell, skin,
cloud, bark, fleece, pelt, (adj) darken; antonyms (v)
show, expose, express, 7. conceal; synonyms (v)
smother, suppress, ensconce, secrete, withhold,
belie, fold, contain, bosom, palliate, (n) shadow;
antonyms (v) divulge, clarify, 8. preserve;
synonyms (v) cure, pickle, uphold, perpetuate,
sustain, husband, (n) jam, jelly, conserves,
marmalade, preserves, reservation, sanctuary,
asylum, grocery; antonym (v) destroy.
saklanma hiding; synonyms (n) cover, covering,
victory.
saklanmak hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal,
sakl 1. hidden (gizli); synonyms (adj) clandestine,
concealed, obscure, dark, covert, latent, secret,
arcane, buried, confidential, covered, deep,
disguised, invisible, masked; antonyms (adj)
obvious, exposed, open, active, noticeable, overt,
revealing, 2. secret; synonyms (adj) hidden,
mysterious, furtive, occult, secrecy, esoteric,
intimate, mystic, (n) privacy, arcanum, enigma,
mystery, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (n)
known, public, 3. close (kapamak, kapatmak);
synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate,
tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop,
conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion;
385

start.
salak crazy (deli); synonyms (adj) deranged, mad,
madcap, wild, absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed,
demented, eccentric, foolish, ludicrous,
preposterous, silly, wacky; antonyms (adj) sane,
sensible.
salata salad; synonyms (n) sauce, miscellany.
sala sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment,
seasoning, garnish, impertinence, billingsgate,
salad, cheek, insolence, effrontery, juice, nerve,
flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth.
saldrgan aggressive; synonyms (adj) belligerent,
assertive, dynamic, militant, pugnacious;
saldr 1. aggression (hcum); synonyms (n)
hostility, incursion, offensive, onset, onslaught,
aggressiveness, antagonism, assault, attack,
invasion, offense; antonym (n) friendliness, 2.
attack (hcum, hcum etmek, kriz,

saldrmak); synonyms (n) thrust, aggression, fit,
seizure, approach, (v) assail, attempt, aggress,
charge, invade, raid, accuse, affect, beset, besiege;
antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 3.
invasion; synonyms (n) inroad, descent, foray,
influx, intrusion, encroachment, infringement,
occupation, breach, conquest, irruption, violation,
entrance, plague; antonym (n) surrender, 4. onset;
synonyms (n) beginning, birth, commencement,
dawn, onrush, outbreak, advent, opening, start,
storm, fire, oncoming, 5. offensive; synonyms (adj)
foul, disgusting, distasteful, abusive, aggressive,
loathsome, nauseous, coarse, abominable,
disagreeable, impertinent, insulting, (v) odious,
nasty, hateful; antonyms (adj) complimentary,
inoffensive, pleasant, defensive, polite, tasteful, 6.
assault (hcum); synonyms (n) rush, violence,
rape, battery, storming, blitz, push, ravishment, (v)
violate, ambush, batter, beat, force, hit, rob, 7.
offence; synonyms (n) guilt, infraction,
misdemeanor, misdemeanour, umbrage,
discourtesy.
saldrmak 1. attack (hcum, hcum etmek, kriz);

synonyms (n) incursion, thrust, aggression, fit,
onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault, assail, attempt,
aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse; antonyms (n)
defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 2. assault
(hcum); synonyms (n) attack, rush, violence,
rape, battery, offensive, violation, storming, blitz,
descent, (v) storm, violate, ambush, batter, beat, 3.
rush; synonyms (n) hurry, flood, flow, (v) dash,
gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream,
quicken, jet, (adj) burst, spurt, 4. charge; synonyms
386
Turkish - English
(n) accusation, burden, care, command,
commission, bill, tax, accusal, demand, direction,

(v) blame, bid, load, arraign, cost; antonyms (v)
request, absolve.
salg 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,
modality, (v) humor, 2. secretion; synonyms (n)
exudation, discharge, emission, exhalation,
extrusion, juice, concealment, liquid, emanation,
discrimination, flow, production, release,
secernment, pus.
salglama secretion; synonyms (n) exudation,
discharge, emission, exhalation, extrusion, juice,
concealment, liquid, emanation, discrimination,
flow, production, release, secernment, pus.
salgn outbreak; synonyms (n) epidemic, eruption,
explosion, burst, onset, outburst, mutiny, attack,
flood, rash, rebellion, revolt, spate, spell, storm.
salim sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring,
chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit,
good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms
(n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused.
salncak swing; synonyms (n) sweep, range, (v) sway,
fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang, rock, beat,
brandish, change, move, shake, turn, vibrate.
salnmak roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list,
wallow.
salverme 1. release (serbest brakmak); synonyms
(n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, (v)
deliver, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage;
imprison, arrest, catch, 2. discharge
(boaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal,
drain, explosion, (v) clear, complete, eject, cashier,
burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty,
expel; antonym (v) hire.
salvermek 1. loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal,
dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached,
immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release,
detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close,
compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged,
2. release (serbest brakmak); synonyms (n)
discharge, issue, liberation, departure, ransom,
exemption, (v) exempt, pardon, absolve, acquit,
deliver, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, clear; antonyms
(n) imprisonment, abduction, custody, involvement,
preservation, (v) capture, confine, imprison, arrest,
catch.
salkm 1. bunch (grup); synonyms (n) cluster,
clump, crowd, batch, band, gang, group, lot, troop,
horde, bulge, herd, (v) bundle, huddle, pack;
antonym (v) disperse, 2. cluster (kme);
synonyms (n) bunch, agglomeration, collection,

knot, tuft, party, assembly, clustering, crew, (v)
collect, gather, assemble, concentrate, congregate,
flock.
sallama shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
sallamak 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake,
2. wave (dalga); synonyms (n) billow, gesture,
motion, sign, surge, signal, (v) flap, curl, flourish,
swell, swing, undulate, beckon, ripple, shake, 3.
rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder, calculus,
pillar, gem, (v) sway, cradle, toss, waver, pitch, reel,
roll, wobble, careen, (adj) pebble, stone.
sallanma swing (salncak); synonyms (n) sweep,
range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang,
rock, beat, brandish, change, move, shake, turn,
vibrate.
sallanmak 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
2. rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder, calculus,
pillar, (v) sway, cradle, shake, toss, waver, pitch,
reel, roll, swing, wobble, (adj) pebble, stone, 3.
swing (salncak); synonyms (n) sweep, range, lilt,
(v) fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang, rock, change,
move, turn, vibrate, dance, drop, lurch, 4. wave
(dalga); synonyms (n) billow, gesture, motion,
sign, surge, signal, breaker, vibration, (v) flap, curl,
flourish, swell, undulate, beckon, ripple.
salon 1. lounge; synonyms (n) couch, saunter, sofa,
relax, sprawl, bask, lie, 2. salon; synonyms (n) hall,
lounge, saloon, 3. hall (hol); synonyms (n)
corridor, foyer, lobby, mansion, vestibule,
auditorium, anteroom, court, castle, concourse,
antechamber, atrium, dorm, dormitory, (v) passage.
salt absolute (mutlak, saf, tam); synonyms (adj)
positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified.
saltanat 1. sovereignty; synonyms (n) kingdom,
reign, empire, autonomy, dominion, independence,
supremacy, sceptre, ascendancy, 2. reign;
synonyms (n) dominance, government,
administration, lead, regime, sway, raj, (v)
command, govern, dominate, predominate, prevail,
manage, administer, master.
saman 1. hay; synonyms (n) fodder, feed, bunk, food,
silage, hedge, meal, pasture, 2. straw; synonyms
(n) chaff, rush, stalk, husk, shuck, (v) cover, strew,
(adj) feather, cobweb, down, dust, flue, gossamer,
mote.
Turkish - English
387
samanyolu galaxy (galaksi); synonyms (n)
sanayi industry (endstri); synonyms (n) business,
constellation, beetleweed, bevy, cosmos, galax,

bunch, coltsfoot, speckling, wandflower, (adj) array,
army, sea, sight, star, sun.
samimi 1. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
open, start, 2. genuine; synonyms (adj) actual,
authentic, sincere, true, unsophisticated, candid,
faithful, artless, factual, hearty, real, unaffected,
unfeigned, very, absolute; antonyms (adj) bogus,
fake, insincere, affected, artificial, dishonest, false,
pretend, hypocritical, replica, 3. frank; synonyms
(adj) blunt, direct, downright, honest, fair,
forthright, plain, straightforward, clear, bluff,
exempt, free, genuine, ingenuous, (n) frankfurter;
antonyms (adj) guarded, devious, 4. intimate;
synonyms (adj) close, confidential, informal, inner,
internal, bosom, (v) express, allude, hint, imply,
indicate, insinuate, suggest, (n) familiar, (adv) dear,
5. true (doru, gerek); synonyms (adj) right,
even, correct, exact, straight, truthful, literal, loyal,
precise, proper, reliable, veritable, just, rightful, (v)
square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue.
sanal 1. imaginary; synonyms (adj) fanciful, fictitious,
false, ideal, illusory, mythical, unreal, hypothetical,
chimerical, fantastic, fictional, notional, visionary,
whimsical, delusive; antonyms (adj) real, palpable,
2. virtual; synonyms (adj) potential, practical,
implicit, comparative, constructive, fake, imitation,
pretend, qualified, quasi, replicated, simulated,
basic, energizing, fundamental; antonym (adj)
genuine.
sanat 1. art; synonyms (n) know-how, skill, talent,
trick, artistry, craft, dexterity, science,
accomplishment, aptitude, artfulness, trade, work,
address, adroitness, 2. craft; synonyms (n) boat,
ability, art, cunning, guile, fraud, shift, artifice,
business, deceit, job, occupation, profession, vessel,
calling, 3. trade; synonyms (n) deal, barter,
commerce, swap, switch, clientele, employment,
interchange, custom, dealing, (v) change, exchange,
merchandise, bargain, sell; antonyms (n) purchase,
(adj) charitable, 4. profession; synonyms (n)
confession, declaration, affirmation, career,
vocation, position, assertion, assurance, avowal,
testimony, avocation, allegation, admission, walk,
office.
sanat artist (ressam); synonyms (n) actor, artificer,
master, player, musician, performer, artisan,
creator, entertainer, maker, architect, stylist.
sanatkr artist (ressam); synonyms (n) actor,
artificer, master, player, musician, performer,
artisan, creator, entertainer, maker, architect,
stylist.
application, diligence, effort, industriousness,

labor, toil, trade, work, assiduousness, exertion,
manufacture, commerce.
sancak 1. standard (standart); synonyms (adj)
model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common,
(n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm,
unconventional, special, 2. flag (bayrak);
synonyms (n) banner, colors, ensign, sign, fall, iris,
(v) decline, languish, sag, abate, signal, (adj) droop,
fade, drop, fail.
sandal boat; synonyms (n) yacht, scull, craft, dinghy,
ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner, sailboat,
bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck, (v) cruise.
sandalye 1. chair; synonyms (n) chairman, bench,
chairperson, president, throne, couch, chairwoman,
professorship, shop, (v) moderate, conduct, lead, 2.
seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place, base,
backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position,
post, posterior, rear, (v) locate, put, contain, hold.
sandk 1. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage,
chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container,
crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym
(v) unbox, 2. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin,
cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing,
eccentric, instance, suit, action, (adj) patient, 3.
chest; synonyms (n) bosom, bust, bureau, casket,
dresser, chamber, thorax, treasury, trunk.
sandvi sandwich; synonym (v) interlard.
san guess (sanmak, tahmin etmek); synonyms (v)
conjecture, surmise, forecast, believe, deem, divine,
reckon, suppose, assume, calculate, feel, figure,
foretell, (n) estimate, assumption.
sank 1. defendant; synonyms (n) accused, litigant,
party, plaintiff, prisoner, suspect, defender,
perpetrator, (adj) defensive, 2. accused; synonym
(n) panel, 3. suspect; synonyms (v) doubt, distrust,
mistrust, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise,
believe, disbelieve, divine, (adj) fishy, questionable,
shady, suspicious, dubious; antonyms (v) trust, (adj)
trustworthy.
saniye second (ikinci); synonyms (n) instant,
moment, flash, jiffy, minute, sec, (v) back, endorse,
support, encourage, forward, help, (adj) latter,
further, (pron) additional; antonym (adj) first.
sanmak 1. suppose; synonyms (v) believe, guess,
infer, assume, conjecture, consider, divine,
estimate, imagine, presume, reckon, speculate,
calculate, conceive, expect, 2. guess (tahmin
etmek); synonyms (v) surmise, forecast, deem,
suppose, feel, figure, foretell, gauge, suspect, think,
count, (n) assumption, hypothesis, speculation,
supposition, 3. think (dnmek); synonyms (v)
hold, muse, ponder, reflect, regard, cogitate,
contemplate, deliberate, meditate, reason, study,
388
Turkish - English
envisage, esteem, intend, recollect; antonym (v)

forget, 4. fancy; synonyms (v) daydream, wish,
crotchet, envision, like, (adj) elaborate, extravagant,
(n) desire, caprice, fantasy, dream, conceit,
conception, idea, imagination; antonyms (adj) plain,
unadorned, (n) reality, 5. expect (beklemek);
synonyms (v) anticipate, demand, understand,
abide, await, hope, call, mean, ask, bear, carry,
foresee, look, require, trust.
sansasyon sensation; synonyms (n) impression,
emotion, feel, sense, perception, sensibility,
sensitivity, thrill, wonder, agitation, stunner,
awareness, idea, (v) feeling, affection; antonym (n)
numbness.
sansr censorship; synonyms (n) censoring, ban,
silence, blackout, control, forbidding, restriction,
squashing, suppression, wraps.
santral 1. exchange; synonyms (n) commutation,
swap, switch, commerce, conversion, substitute, (v)
change, barter, interchange, commute,
counterchange, alternate, alter, cash, convert, 2.
central (merkezi); synonyms (adj) basic, capital,
cardinal, fundamental, chief, crucial, important,
inner, key, main, pivotal, primary, centrical, core,
(n) umbilical; antonyms (adj) peripheral, minor,
regional, tangential.
sap 1. stem; synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank,
stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, (v) originate, block,
arrest, halt, issue, proceed, 2. handle (kulp);
synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, wield,
control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate,
touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 3. grip
(kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp,
bag, clench, clinch, clutches, clamp, (v) hold, catch,
cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab, grapple,
gripe; antonyms (v) bore, release, 4. stock (hisse
senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage, store, goods,
ancestry, descent, family, hoard, origin, race,
backlog, birth, commodity, (adj) regular, (v) supply.
saplamak 1. stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar,
cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 2. thrust;
synonyms (v) jab, force, boost, punch, ram, dig,
impel, squeeze, throw, (n) push, poke, drive, shove,
cast, prod; antonym (v) pull.
saplant obsession; synonyms (n) compulsion,
fixation, complex, mania, neurosis, rage, fad,
passion, addiction, habit, investment, phobia.
sapma 1. deviation; synonyms (n) aberration,
change, deflection, difference, diversion, variation,
abnormality, alteration, anomaly, departure,
detour, deviance, divergence, variance, inclination;
antonym (n) normality, 2. drift (srklenme);
tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float,
ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 3. departure;
synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart, deviation,
parting, digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff,

withdrawal, disappearance, (v) decease, demise;
antonyms (n) arrival, appearance, 4. bias
(nyarg); synonyms (n) penchant, drift, influence,
turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, (v)
prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality,
fairness, 5. turn (dnmek, dn); synonyms (v)
revolve, deviate, get, revolution, spin, (n) bend,
curve, roll, coil, go, bout, round, circle, shift, tour.
sapmak 1. sheer; synonyms (adj) absolute, pure, mere,
entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick, 2. turn
bout, change, round, bent, circle.
saptama determination (belirleme); synonyms (n)
decision, conclusion, definition, resolution,
assessment, constancy, courage, firmness, fortitude,
(v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness,
compliance, indecisiveness.
saptamak 1. determine; synonyms (v) ascertain,
decide, define, resolve, appoint, adjudicate,
conclude, measure, set, specify, designate, assign,
decree, arrange, assess, 2. fix; synonyms (v)
establish, determine, fasten, settle, anchor, adjust,
clamp, do, castrate, emasculate, affix, (n) bind, state,
(adj) confirm, attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten,
3. establish; synonyms (v) erect, prove, base,
build, constitute, demonstrate, create, fix, found,
institute, begin, certify, compose, construct,
corroborate; antonyms (v) disprove, abolish,
terminate, 4. state (devlet, durum, eyalet);
synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country,
kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound,
express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj)
national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private.
saptrma diversion; synonyms (n) amusement,
deviation, distraction, entertainment, pastime,
detour, digression, fun, recreation, sport,
aberration, deflection, deflexion, game, hobby.
saptrmak angle (a); synonyms (n) hook, incline,
view, aspect, cant, corner, outlook, perspective,
pitch, position, viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish.
sararmak yellow (sar); synonyms (adj) jaundiced,
coward, (adv) cowardly.
sarartmak yellow (sar); synonyms (adj) jaundiced,
coward, (adv) cowardly.
saray 1. palace; synonyms (n) court, castle, mansion,
hall, chateau, 2. court (avlu); synonyms (n) forum,
bar, close, field, tribunal, judicatory, passage,
Turkish - English
judge, courtroom, courtyard, (v) woo, attract, invite,
romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun.
sarg 1. dressing; synonyms (n) bandage, bandaging,
binding, fertilization, stuffing, scolding, castigation,
coating, surfacing, 2. band (bant); synonyms (n)
cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company,
crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring,
combine.
sarho 1. loaded (ykl); synonyms (adj) laden, full,
burdened, flush, moneyed, wealthy, affluent, rich,
tight, tipsy, intoxicated, heavy, pixilated, plastered,
soused; antonym (adj) poor, 2. drunk; synonyms
(adj) wet, inebriated, delirious, high, (n) inebriate,
drunkard, rummy, sot; antonym (adj) sober.
sar yellow; synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber,
chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven,
spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward,
(adv) cowardly.
sarm turn (dnmek, dn); synonyms (v) revolve,
deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil,
go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle.
sarmsak garlic; synonyms (n) ail, caviare, pickle,
onion, (adj) fungus.
sarn fair (gzel); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear,
beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial,
reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar,
blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair,
biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul,
imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced,
unwarranted.
sarmak 1. wind (Rzgar); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v)
coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine,
blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave, 2. lap (kucak);
synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, knee, orbit, round,
(v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle,
encompass, embrace, enclose, beset, 3. roll
catalogue, inventory, register, (v) reel, enfold,
revolve, wheel, rock, wallow, wind, envelop,
grumble, level, 4. twist; synonyms (n) spin, twirl,
braid, kink, loop, strain, tangle, (v) distort, contort,
deform, pervert, wrench, pull, sprain, bias;
antonyms (v) straighten, untwist.
sarmal spiral; synonyms (n) coil, helix, volute, roll,
spire, (adj) helical, spiraling, turbinate, (v) curl, loop,
screw, corkscrew, gyrate, circle, bend.
sarn tank; synonyms (n) cistern, reservoir,
container, cooler, belly, boiler, fermentor, jail,
stomach, store, tankful, thickener, tub, lake, (v)
fake.
sarp steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive,
sarslmak shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
389
sarsnt 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,

2. jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, blow,
(v) clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce, grate, 3.
shock (ok); synonyms (n) daze, impact, collision,
outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v) offend,
revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay, frighten,
horrify; antonym (v) comfort.
sarsma 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
2. shock (ok); synonyms (n) blow, daze, impact,
collision, outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v)
offend, revolt, startle, appall, clash, disgust,
dismay; antonym (v) comfort.
sarsmak 1. jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, blow,
(v) jolt, clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce, 2. shock
(ok); synonyms (n) daze, impact, collision,
outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v) jar, offend,
revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay, frighten;
antonym (v) comfort, 3. shake; synonyms (v) beat,
agitate, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter,
wag, drop, convulse, (n) tremble, quiver, wave,
trembling, (adj) quake.
satc 1. dealer; synonyms (n) merchant, trader,
monger, seller, vendor, marketer, agent, broker,
salesperson, trafficker, bargainer; antonym (n) user,
2. supplier; synonyms (n) provider, contractor,
dealer, benefactor, contributor, donor, freelancer,
giver, informant, informer, outworker,
philanthropist, retailer, spokesperson, wholesaler,
3. seller; synonym (n) vender; antonyms (n) buyer,
purchaser, 4. vendor; synonym (n) supplier.
satlmak sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal,
handle, betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange,
merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon,
(n) cheat; antonym (v) buy.
satm sale (sat); synonyms (n) fair, disposal,
demand, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival,
contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fte,
(adj) cheap.
satr line (izgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house,
border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order.
sat 1. sale; synonyms (n) fair, disposal, demand,
market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract,
dealings, emission, escape, festival, fte, (adj) cheap,
2. disposal; synonyms (n) disposition,
administration, distribution, organization, sale,
alienation, classification, adjustment, arrangement,
control, direction, dispensation, order, adhibition,
3. sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal,
390
Turkish - English
merchandise, realize, trade, clear, gammon, pass,

(n) cheat; antonym (v) buy, 4. selling; synonyms (n)
marketing, business, vending, commerce,
merchandising, retailing, transaction; antonym (n)
purchase.
satmak sell; synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle,
betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange,
sattrmak sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal,
sav 1. thesis; synonyms (n) dissertation, matter,
argument, essay, theme, topic, hypothesis, premise,
proposition, assertion, contention, composition,
paper, treatise, discourse, 2. contention
(ekime); synonyms (n) competition,
argumentation, battle, conflict, controversy,
discord, allegation, arguing, claim, difference,
dispute, opposition, quarrel, race, enmity; antonym
(n) harmony, 3. assertion (iddia); synonyms (n)
affirmation, statement, avowal, charge, profession,
testimony, accusation, position, announcement,
asseveration, averment, declaration, expression,
predication, proclamation, 4. proposition
(nerme); synonyms (n) offer, overture, bid,
motion, proposal, approach, design, plan,
suggestion, advance, principle, scheme, axiom, (v)
proffer, suggest.
sava 1. battle (muharebe); synonyms (n) combat,
contest, struggle, clash, conflict, war, action,
fighting, fray, scuffle, (v) fight, brawl, encounter,
quarrel, scrap, 2. fight; synonyms (v) feud, argue,
bicker, campaign, contend, compete, affray, box, (n)
battle, dispute, engagement, contention, squabble,
competition, confrontation; antonyms (v) agree,
retreat, withdrawal, 3. conflict; synonyms (n)
antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement,
strife, clashing, argument, brush, dissension,
dissent, friction, opposition, (v) collide, disagree,
(adj) jar; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony,
peace, 4. warfare; synonyms (n) hostility,
hostilities, 5. war; synonyms (n) warfare, enmity,
skirmish, (adj) military; antonym (v) ceasefire, 6.
struggle; synonyms (n) strain, effort, exertion,
scramble, wrestle, pull, (v) attempt, endeavor, labor,
strive, aim, essay, grapple, oppose, push; antonyms
(v) flourish, glide.
sava fighter; synonyms (n) combatant, battler,
activist, crusader.
savamak 1. fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest,
quarrel, feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash,
contend, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, conflict,
contention, (adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat,
withdrawal, 2. battle (muharebe, sava);
synonyms (n) struggle, war, action, fighting, fray,

scuffle, warfare, row, strife, tussle, (v) fight,
encounter, scrap, wrestle, grapple, 3. war;
synonyms (n) antagonism, opposition, enmity,
hostilities, hostility, skirmish, (adj) military;
antonyms (n) peace, (v) ceasefire.
savunan defensive; synonyms (adj) protective,
preventive, protecting, safeguarding, anticipatory,
blocking, defendant, defensory, excusatory,
fenceful, justificative, justificatory, opposed,
preventative, suspicious; antonym (adj) offensive.
savunma 1. defence; synonyms (n) defense,
vindication, denial, abnegation, demurrer,
refutation, demur, demurral, disproof, falsification,
falsifying, prohibition, whitewash, 2. apology
(zr); synonyms (n) excuse, plea, amends,
justification, regret, reason, alibi, explanation,
acknowledgment, apologia, reparation, 3. plea;
synonyms (n) answer, apology, appeal, petition,
pretext, claim, allegation, call, entreaty, prayer,
argument, advocacy, demand, pretense,
pretension.
savunmak 1. defend; synonyms (v) cover, guard,
assert, justify, protect, advocate, champion,
maintain, shield, support, apologize, hold,
preserve, safeguard, shelter; antonyms (v) attack,
prosecute, 2. champion; synonyms (n) backer,
exponent, paladin, patron, protagonist, supporter,
(v) defend, back, uphold; antonym (v) oppose.
savunmasz vulnerable; synonyms (adj) weak,
exposed, sensitive, susceptible, tender, defenseless,
feeble, unguarded, unprotected, insecure,
impressionable, powerless, liable, subject, (v) frail;
antonyms (adj) safe, impervious, invincible,
invulnerable, unassailable, unbeatable, secure,
untouchable.
savunmaszlk vulnerability; synonyms (n)
exposure, weakness, danger, vulnerableness,
defenselessness, peril; antonym (n) invulnerability.
savunucu 1. champion; synonyms (n) advocate,
backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ,
defender, exponent, paladin, patron, (v) defend,
support, back, maintain; antonym (v) oppose, 2.
defender; synonyms (n) champion, guard,
guardian, protector, keeper, proponent, upholder,
adherent; antonyms (n) assailant, attacker.
saya 1. counter; synonyms (n) buffet, bench, reverse,
(v) reply, contradict, resist, answer, react, respond,
retort, thwart, (adj) converse, antagonistic, contrary,
opposite, 2. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n)
record, list, inventory, note, catalogue, book,
account, roll, (v) file, enroll, chronicle, enter,
indicate, read, show.
saydam transparent; synonyms (adj) diaphanous,
lucid, obvious, plain, luminous, filmy, limpid,
sheer, crystalline, gauzy, pellucid, gossamer,
Turkish - English
apparent, (n) clear, bright; antonyms (adj) opaque,
solid.
sayesinde through (iinden); synonyms (prep) for,
per, along, because, throughout, (adv) by, thorough,
via, (adj) finished, done, direct, straight, completed,
complete, (prf) past.
sayfa page; synonyms (n) attendant, footboy, usher,
note, pageboy, varlet, context, donzel, (v) paginate,
summon.
sayfiye country (lke); synonyms (n) state, nation,
public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban.
sayg 1. consideration; synonyms (n) concern,
respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, account,
regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) estimate, heed,
attend, believe, consider, count, hold, observe,
reckon, appreciate, (n) esteem, deference, look,
note, value; antonym (n) disrespect, 3. respect;
synonyms (n) honor, homage, worship,
consideration, connection, obeisance, admiration,
appreciation, awe, courtesy, (v) admire, estimation,
keep, prize, reverence; antonyms (n) cheek,
insolence, impudence, (v) scorn, despise, dishonor,
saygdeer 1. worthy; synonyms (adj) noble,
estimable, good, meritorious, respectable, valuable,
deserving, honorable, suitable, virtuous,
worthwhile, admirable, desirable, (n) celebrity,
notable; antonym (adj) unworthy, 2. respectable;
synonyms (adj) reputable, considerable, decorous,
decent, fair, proper, creditable, passable, becoming,
honest, goodish, goodly, hefty, modest, sizable;
antonym (adj) disreputable.
sayglar respects; synonyms (n) regards, compliment,
compliments, greeting, baisemains, courtesies,
deference, egards, kowtow, salutations, (adj) abord,
welcome.
saygn respectable; synonyms (adj) reputable,
considerable, decorous, decent, estimable, fair,
good, honorable, proper, creditable, passable,
becoming, honest, goodish, goodly; antonym (adj)
disreputable.
saygnlk standing; synonyms (v) stand, (n) rank,
motionless, continuance, permanent.
saygszlk 1. contempt; synonyms (n) disdain, scorn,
derision, disrespect, disregard, mockery, ridicule,
shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy, disrepute,
arrogance, defiance, disgrace; antonyms (n) respect,
approval, 2. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender,
thin, fragile, delicate, faint, feeble, fine, lean, (adv)
light, (v) insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut;
391
antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, heavy,

intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide.
say 1. number (numara, numaralamak, rakam,

appearance, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour,
emblem, fashion, image, number, dummy, (v)
design, cast, cipher, 3. count (saymak);
synonyms (n) calculation, computation, reckoning,
counting, enumeration, (v) compute, tally, consider,
matter, reckon, weigh, appreciate, include, tell,
depend, 4. basket (sepet); synonyms (n)
basketful, bassinet, cradle, gondola, case, coffin,
handbasket, hoop, leap, ped, pottle, stomach,
whisket, bound, corbeille, 5. issue (sorun);
synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence,
effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow,
emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, 6.
score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, scratch, line,
groove, scotch, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, achieve,
dash, gain, get, grade, 7. point (gstermek,
nokta); synonyms (n) place, peak, nib, edge, aim,
article, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, detail, (v)
head, direct, level.
saym census; synonyms (n) list, returns, cense, file,
nosecount, roll, score, ballot, condition, rank,
sample, (v) poll, recapitulation, muster.
saysal 1. numerical; synonyms (adj) numeric,
numeral, mathematical, arithmetical, consecutive,
algebraic, geometric, statistical, (n) identical, 2.
digital; synonym (n) computer.
saysz countless; synonyms (adj) numberless,
innumerable, endless, many, multitudinous,
myriad, measureless, immeasurable, infinite,
legion, numerous, uncounted, unnumbered,
untold; antonyms (adj) few, finite.
sayma count (saymak); synonyms (n) number,
calculation, computation, total, (v) calculate,
compute, tally, account, cipher, consider, estimate,
matter, reckon, weigh, add.
saymaca nominal; synonyms (adj) titular, formal,
token, minimal, minimum, nominative, (v)
cognominal; antonym (adj) real.
saymak 1. count; synonyms (n) number, calculation,
computation, total, (v) calculate, compute, tally,
account, cipher, consider, estimate, matter, reckon,
weigh, add, 2. number (numara,
numaralamak, rakam, say); synonyms (n)
count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character,
company, digit, multitude, (v) aggregate,
enumerate, figure, come, list, 3. rate (oran);
synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, percentage,
(v) assess, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, merit, put,
rank, esteem, gauge, prize, 4. reckon; synonyms
(v) deem, judge, hold, guess, rate, measure, make,
392
Turkish - English
believe, expect, plan, regard, suppose, tell, think,

view, 5. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v)
attention, concern, heed, attend, observe, gaze, (n)
notice, respect, deference, look, note, admiration,
consideration, estimation, interest; antonym (n)
disrespect, 6. consider; synonyms (v) cogitate,
assume, conceive, contemplate, deliberate, reflect,
analyze, consult, debate, feel, ponder, see, (n) study,
examine, (adj) scrutinize; antonym (v) ignore, 7.
calculate (hesaplamak); synonyms (v) forecast,
budget, determine, cast, cypher, depend, predict,
program, rely, aim, approximate, balance, 8. rank
(sra); synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation,
line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class,
classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym
(adj) fresh.
saymamak except; synonyms (conj) but, unless, (prep)
save, excepting, excluding, (v) exclude, demur,
omit, exempt, object, reserve, saving, (n) bar,
without, (adv) besides; antonym (v) include.
sayman accountant (muhasebeci); synonyms (n)
auditor, teller, cashier, controller, almoner,
liquidator, clerk, accomptant, comptroller,
logothete, questor, receiver, steward, trustee, (adj)
accountable.
sayvan canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen,
saz 1. reed (kam); synonyms (n) triangle,
xylophone, arrow, pipe, dart, stalk, fistula, javelin,
jereed, jerid, lance, pen, pike, spear, (adj) thread, 2.
rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow,
attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, hasten,
stream, quicken, (adj) burst, spurt.
sebep 1. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case, action,
occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed,
do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender;
antonym (n) consequence, 2. account (hesap);
synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning, regard,
score, tale, description, explanation, history,
narration, reason, recital, story, tab, (v) report, 3.
score; synonyms (n) mark, count, scratch, line,
groove, scotch, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally,
achieve, dash, gain, get.
sebze vegetable; synonyms (n) plant, vegetive,
greens, artifice, cabbage, engender, establish, fix,
generate, install, instate, plan, sapling, settle, (adj)
vegetal.
Se select (seme, semek); synonyms (v) pick,
extract, adopt, choose, elect, excellent, prefer,
excerpt, assign, opt, appoint, (adj) choice, exclusive,
chosen, best; antonym (v) reject.
seenek 1. alternative (alternatif); synonyms (adj)
preference, selection, substitute, variation, 2.
option; synonyms (n) election, alternative,
possibility, volition, refusal, opening, will,
likelihood, opportunity, pick, wish, call, decision,
pleasure, put; antonyms (n) essential, necessity,

obligation, 3. choice (seim); synonyms (n) vote,
favorite, assortment, elite, voting, appointment,
ballot, (adj) best, excellent, select, exclusive,
exquisite, superior, prize, (v) chosen; antonym (adj)
inferior, 4. pick (semek, toplamak); synonyms
(v) clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, choose, collect,
cull, draw, nibble, peck, (n) pickax, (adj) cream,
mattock, flower.
seici selective (semeli); synonyms (adj) select,
particular, discriminating, elective, exclusive,
choosy, finicky, discerning, judicious, persnickety,
fastidious, picky, eclectic, fussy, astute.
seilebilir eligible; synonyms (adj) competent, fit, due,
desirable, proper, capable, licensed, experienced,
practiced, privileged, single, skilled, trained,
unmarried, (n) bachelor; antonym (adj) ineligible.
seilmi selected; synonyms (adj) select, chosen,
preferred, choice, elected, (n) best.
seim 1. selection (seme); synonyms (n) election,
choice, option, alternative, extract, quotation,
assortment, pick, preference, range, collection,
appointment, excerpt, volition, voting, 2. choice;
synonyms (n) vote, favorite, selection, pleasure,
elite, ballot, decision, (adj) best, excellent, select,
exclusive, exquisite, superior, prize, (v) chosen;
antonym (adj) inferior, 3. election; synonyms (n)
poll, doom, 4. poll; synonyms (n) head, crown,
pate, inquiry, capitulum, count, (v) canvass, parrot,
pollard, canvas, list, muster, research, survey,
enumerate.
seimli optional (semeli); synonyms (adj)
discretionary, arbitrary, voluntary, nonobligatory,
unrestricted, additional, supplementary, external,
necessary, mandatory.
sekin 1. distinguished; synonyms (adj) celebrated,
dignified, eminent, conspicuous, illustrious,
important, renowned, reputable, famous, great,
high, noble, prominent, splendid, superior;
antonyms (adj) unknown, ordinary, 2. choice
(seim); synonyms (n) vote, alternative, favorite,
option, preference, selection, election, pick,
pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj) best, excellent,
select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior, 3. select
(seme, semek); synonyms (v) extract, adopt,
choose, elect, prefer, excerpt, assign, opt, appoint,
cull, nominate, (adj) choice, exclusive, rare,
selective; antonym (v) reject, 4. outstanding;
synonyms (adj) due, owing, distinguished,
exceptional, notable, noteworthy, unpaid, major,
brilliant, extraordinary, magnificent, noticeable,
obvious, overdue, remarkable; antonym (adj) paid,
5. prominent; synonyms (adj) noted, leading,
outstanding, salient, striking, big, marked,
Turkish - English
dominant, momentous, predominant, influential,
manifest, notorious, obtrusive, (n) bold; antonyms
(adj) inconspicuous, minor.
sekinler elite; synonyms (n) cream, best, pick, prime,
aristocracy, nobility, prize, top, (adj) flower, elect,
choice, select.
seme 1. selection (seim); synonyms (n) election,
choice, option, alternative, extract, quotation,
assortment, pick, preference, range, collection,
appointment, excerpt, volition, voting, 2. select
(semek); synonyms (v) adopt, choose, elect,
excellent, prefer, assign, opt, appoint, cull,
nominate, (adj) exclusive, chosen, best, rare,
selective; antonym (v) reject, 3. choice (seim);
synonyms (n) vote, favorite, selection, pleasure,
elite, ballot, decision, adoption, cream, (adj) select,
exquisite, superior, prize, admirable, (v) judgment;
antonym (adj) inferior.
semek 1. choose; synonyms (v) adopt, elect, pick,
prefer, select, appoint, take, assign, decide, desire,
determine, draw, excerpt, like, vote; antonyms (v)
reject, refuse, 2. select (seme); synonyms (v)
extract, choose, excellent, opt, cull, nominate,
gather, (adj) choice, exclusive, chosen, best, rare,
selective, elite, exquisite, 3. pick (toplamak);
synonyms (v) clean, harvest, break, collect, nibble,
peck, pluck, (n) alternative, option, selection,
pickax, pickaxe, (adj) cream, mattock, flower, 4.
distinguish; synonyms (v) discern, discriminate,
describe, know, perceive, discover, descry, behold,
characterize, classify, detect, difference,
differentiate, identify, recognize; antonym (v)
confuse, 5. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms
daub, flaw.
semeli 1. optional; synonyms (adj) discretionary,
arbitrary, voluntary, nonobligatory, unrestricted,
additional, supplementary, external,
necessary, mandatory, 2. selective (seici);
synonyms (adj) select, particular, discriminating,
elective, exclusive, choosy, finicky, discerning,
judicious, persnickety, fastidious, picky, eclectic,
fussy, astute.
semen constituent; synonyms (adj) integral, (n)
component, ingredient, element, factor, part,
division, elector, item, member, piece, agent;
antonyms (n) aggregate, composite, whole.
semenler electorate; synonyms (n) constituency,
caliphate, party, pashalic, public, community,
population, supporters, (v) constituents.
sedir sofa; synonyms (n) couch, lounge, bench, chair,
form, stall, stool, bed, futon.
393
sedye litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding, stretcher,

garbage, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste,
issue, (v) clutter, (adj) jumble, disarray, huddle.
sefalet misery; synonyms (n) adversity, distress,
affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill,
infelicity, poverty, suffering, calamity, depression,
(adj) grief; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, ecstasy,
happiness, joy, fun, hopefulness.
sefaret embassy; synonyms (n) deputation, legation,
delegation, mission, commission, errand, cable,
communication, diplomat, diplomatist.
sefer 1. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance, sailing,
steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight, aviation,
glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing,
sailplaning, soaring, 2. expedition; synonyms (n)
excursion, dispatch, journey, celerity, exploration,
haste, outing, quest, readiness, speed, tour, trip,
acceleration, (v) campaign, crusade, 3. journey
(seyahat, yolculuk); synonyms (n) jaunt,
expedition, passage, way, course, pilgrimage,
voyage, circuit, (v) go, cruise, fare, navigate, ramble,
ride, walk.
seferberlik campaign; synonyms (n) crusade, battle,
expedition, movement, struggle, war, cause, drive,
effort, (v) fight, course, canvass, run, advertize,
agitate.
sefil 1. miserable; synonyms (adj) mean, poor,
meager, abject, bad, deplorable, desolate,
downcast, low, measly, unhappy, distressed,
lamentable, (v) forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj)
happy, cheerful, generous, 2. wretched;
synonyms (adj) unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pathetic,
piteous, pitiable, sorry, woeful, base, contemptible,
despicable, hapless, paltry, vile, (v) miserable.
segman segment (kesim, para); synonyms (n)
division, paragraph, bit, piece, portion, share, slice,
divide, partition.
sehpa stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms
(v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate,
prop, erect, hold, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base,
pedestal, position; antonyms (v) sit, lie.
sek 1. dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren,
boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain,
(v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting,
drench, 2. straight (dz); synonyms (adv) level,
right, directly, (adj) erect, honest, even, flat, upright,
fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate,
(v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly,
curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent,
curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous,
guarded.
394
Turkish - English
sekiz eight; synonyms (n) eighter, eleven, ace, jack,
sembolik symbolic (simgesel); synonyms (adj)
king, knave, nine, octad, octet, octonary, ogdoad,

queen, team, ten, (adj) octave.
sekreter secretary; synonyms (n) clerk, escritoire,
minister, desk, secretaire, bailiff, factor, repository,
(v) amanuensis, scribe, writer, scrivener.
seks sex (cinsiyet); synonyms (n) gender, intercourse,
copulation, coitus, sexuality, mating, (v) arouse,
excite, (adj) sexual.
seksen eighty; synonym (n) fourscore.
seksi sexy; synonyms (adj) sensual, aphrodisiac,
aphrodisiacal, sultry, adorable, desirable,
irresistible, jazzy, passionate, pornographic,
provocative, risqu, torrid, adult, bedroom.
seksel sexual (cinsel); synonyms (adj) sensual, sexy,
erotic, intimate, amphigonic, cozy, familiar, gross,
informal, inner, internal, knowledgeable, animal,
animalistic, bestial.
sektr sector (kesim); synonyms (n) department,
area, branch, district, division, section, segment,
region, arm, part, quadrant, domain, field, piece,
quarter.
sel 1. flood (sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge,
pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow, inundate,
glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge, swamp,
(prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, shortage, (v)
trickle, 2. stream (akm); synonyms (n) brook,
river, run, spurt, streak, beam, (v) flood, crowd, jet,
swarm, runnel, creek, surge, (prep) current, course.
selam hello (alo, merhaba); synonyms (n) greeting,
hi, howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail.
selamet 1. salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption,
delivery, rescue, justification, preservation, savior,
regeneration; antonym (n) downfall, 2. safety
(gvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, guard,
refuge, security, bingle, safe, asylum, sanctuary,
cover, safeness, shelter, condom, defense,
prophylactic, rubber; antonyms (n) danger, hazard.
sele 1. bin (kutu); synonyms (n) bunker, binful, box,
case, container, silo, closet, locker, basket, casket,
trashcan, carton, cellaret, (v) store, discard, 2.
saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v) charge,
burden, load, encumber, blame, burthen, lumber.
selef predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor,
descendant.
sema sky (gk, gkyz); synonyms (n) air, heaven,
discard.
sembol symbol (simge); synonyms (n) sign, emblem,
number, badge, mark, stamp, insignia, numeral,
token, type, allegory, character, figure, image,
indication.
emblematical, representative, emblematic,

figurative, symbolical, characteristic, metaphorical,
significant, (v) typical, symptomatic, diacritical, (n)
symbolics; antonym (adj) literal.
semer saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v)
lumber.
semere 1. harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, fruit,
glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap, 2.
result (sonu); synonyms (n) consequence, issue,
outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion, effect,
end, outgrowth, corollary, (v) ensue, follow,
eventuate, arise, develop; antonym (v) cause.
Seminer seminar; synonyms (n) conference, class,
tutorial, meeting, workshop, course, gymnasium,
palaestra, talk.
semiz fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
sempati sympathy; synonyms (n) compassion, pity,
benevolence, commiseration, feeling, humanity,
kindness, mercy, rapport, understanding,
agreement, clemency, comfort, affection, (adj)
charity; antonyms (n) indifference, cruelty.
sempatik 1. outgoing (giden); synonyms (adj)
friendly, expansive, forthcoming, gregarious,
demonstrative, extrovert, companionable, open,
sociable, extroverted, extrovertish; antonyms (adj)
inward, next, reserved, incoming, introverted, 2.
sympathetic; synonyms (adj) kind, compassionate,
kindly, congenial, tender, merciful, humane,
agreeable, favorable, considerate, (n) gentle, caring,
gracious, (v) affectionate, pitiful; antonyms (adj)
unsympathetic, hardhearted, unfeeling.
semptom symptom (araz, belirti); synonyms (n)
exponent.
semt 1. neighbourhood; synonyms (n) locality,
neighborhood, vicinity, 2. quarter (eyrek);
synonyms (n) area, part, district, division, mercy,
region, direction, portion, quart, (v) place, lodge,
line, put, accommodate, billet, 3. vicinity;
synonyms (n) proximity, environs, neighbourhood,
vicinage, outskirts, section.
sen thou; synonyms (n) chiliad, g, grand, m, curtilage,
gee, gigabyte, gm, gram, gramme, green, grounds,
jet, kelvin, kilobyte.
senaryo 1. scenario; synonyms (n) plot, continuity,
chronicle, design, forecast, plan, prediction,
projection, ruse, scheme, diagnosis, narrative,
prospects, 2. script; synonyms (n) calligraphy,
Turkish - English
senato senate; synonyms (n) council, legislature,
parliament, congress, assembly, senatus, storthing,
witenagemote, authority, committee, house.
sendika union (birlik); synonyms (n) coalition,
connection, junction, association, combination,
league, merger, alliance, coalescence, confederacy,
coupling, fusion, marriage, matrimony, unification;
antonyms (n) separation, divergence.
sendrom syndrome; synonyms (n) ailment,
complaint, complex, sickness, disorder, malady,
bug, condition, disease, ill, illness, infection, virus,
affection, concurrence.
sene year (Yl); synonyms (n) twelvemonth, day, age,
time, yr, class, hour, minute, month, quarter,
second, week.
senet 1. bond (ba, bono); synonyms (n) association,
tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment,
bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind,
band, adhere, 2. note (not, not etmek);
synonyms (n) comment, mention, remark,
annotation, heed, indication, mark, attention, bill,
distinction, epistle, (v) notice, mind, look, detect;
antonym (v) ignore, 3. deed (i); synonyms (n)
accomplishment, achievement, act, feat, behavior,
action, exploit, covenant, activity, document, doing,
effort, fact, title, agency, 4. instrument (alet,
ara); synonyms (n) channel, apparatus, appliance,
means, medium, creature, contrivance, (v)
implement, 5. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap);
synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card,
invoice, poster, receipt, banknote, check, measure,
program, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list, 6.
script (senaryo); synonyms (n) calligraphy, hand,
book, handwriting, copy, inscription, lettering,
letters, text, treatment, writing, playscript, record.
seninki yours; synonym (adj) own.
sent penny (peni); synonyms (n) cent, change,
centime, groat, money, doit, mite, coinage,
currency, denomination, farthing, rap, sou,
denarius, shilling.
sentaks syntax (szdizim, szdizimi); synonyms
(n) grammar, accidence, syntaxis, organism.
sentetik synthetic; synonyms (adj) artificial, ersatz,
false, simulated, synthetical, celluloid, fake,
semisynthetic; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine,
real.
sentez synthesis; synonyms (n) combination, fusion,
compound, incorporation, mixture, union,
composite, unification, amalgam, complex,
deduction; antonym (n) separation.
sepet basket; synonyms (n) basketful, bassinet, cradle,
gondola, case, coffin, handbasket, hoop, leap, ped,
pottle, stomach, whisket, bound, corbeille.
395
sepetlemek sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket,

pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge,
dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot;
antonym (v) hire.
sera greenhouse; synonyms (n) glasshouse,
conservatory, nursery, grotto, hermitage,
summerhouse, orangery.
serbest 1. free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr, serbest

cage, 2. independent (bamsz); synonyms (adj)
free, autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial,
simultaneous, 3. liberal; synonyms (adj) generous,
bountiful, handsome, abundant, benevolent, big,
large, kind, ample, bounteous, broad, charitable,
giving, tolerant, lavish; antonyms (adj) oppressive,
totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative, 4. spare;
synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight,
additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, frugal, (v) meager,
economize, (n) extra, backup.
serbeste freely; synonyms (adv) free, frankly, gladly,
abundantly, candidly, generously, independently,
openly, readily, voluntarily, willingly, happily, (adj)
fain, gratis; antonym (adv) reluctantly.
serbestlik independence (bamszlk); synonyms
(n) autonomy, freedom, liberty, independency,
individuality, latitude, detachment, neutrality,
sovereignty, inconsequence; antonyms (n)
dependence, childhood.
seren 1. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar,
din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive,
thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n)
depression, (v) collapse, decline, 2. yard (avlu,
yarda); synonyms (n) court, courtyard, garden,
backyard, grounds, close, quadrangle, enclosure,
beehive, bindery, chiliad, g, grand, m, nailery.
sergen shelf (raf); synonyms (n) ledge, rack, bank,
flat, projection, board, frame, shallows, stand,
support, bench, bracket, breakers, (adj) shallow.
sergi 1. exhibition; synonyms (n) demonstration,
display, exhibit, exposition, exposure, fair,
manifestation, presentation, show, spectacle, scene,
appearance, array, expo, expression, 2. show
demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest,
perform, (n) produce, ostentation, pageant;
antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 3. gallery
(galeri); synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift,
396
Turkish - English

auditorium, auditory, boxes, 4. display;
synonyms (n) screen, exhibition, showing, view,
performance, flash, monitor, pomp, indication, (v)
brandish, flaunt, reveal, discover, unfold, air.
sergileme 1. display; synonyms (n) array,
expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate;
antonym (v) conceal, 2. exhibition; synonyms (n)
display, exposition, exposure, fair, manifestation,
spectacle, scene, expo, expression, pageant,
performance, presentment, representation,
revelation, showing.
sergilemek display; synonyms (n) array,
expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate;
antonym (v) conceal.
seri 1. series (dizi); synonyms (n) chain, rank,
collection, cycle, line, round, run, sequence, serial,
set, string, succession, (v) course, order, (adj)
progression, 2. fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj)
dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried,
instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon,
(adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 3.
battery (ak, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop,
army, barrage, company, mugging, onslaught,
squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark,
battalia, battalion, bombardment, 4. sequence
(sra); synonyms (n) series, arrangement,
consequence, episode, procession, concatenation,
pattern, continuity, effect, gradation, range, result,
rotation, sequel, train, 5. rapid; synonyms (adj)
fast, prompt, swift, fleet, hasty, speedy, cursory,
expeditious, sudden, nimble, winged, express,
immediate, impetuous, active; antonym (adj)
gradual, 6. quick (abuk, hzl); synonyms (adj)
bright, clever, intelligent, alert, alive, dexterous,
keen, lively, brief, abrupt, acute, animated, apt,
ingenious, sharp; antonym (adj) dull.
serin cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected,
calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure,
poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited,
warm, heat.
serinlemek cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected,
warm, heat.
serinletmek cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold,
collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic,
lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n)
composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot,

excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate,
tepid, (v) warm, heat.
serinlik cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected,
warm, heat.
sermaye 1. capital (bakent, byk harf);

synonyms (n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash,
funds, means, money, paramount, prime,
resources, (adj) main, primary, chief, great, 2. fund;
synonyms (n) store, capital, bank, reserve, savings,
supply, cache, endowment, accumulation, (v)
hoard, bankroll, finance, accumulate, back,
sponsor.
sermek 1. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set,
(adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 2. spread (yaymak);
serpinti spray (pskrtmek, sprey); synonyms (n)
jet, mist, froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v)
shower, splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter,
spatter.
sert 1. hard; synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult,
rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, kind, merciful,
2. harsh; synonyms (adj) grating, sharp, bitter,
coarse, crude, discordant, grim, unkind, acrid,
biting, brutal, extreme, gruff, rigorous, (v) hard;
antonyms (adj) smooth, gentle, harmonious, lenient,
pleasant, melodious, sweet, 3. severe; synonyms
(adj) harsh, rigid, inclement, cutting, heavy, intense,
serious, strict, atrocious, caustic, critical, exacting,
fierce, painful, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) mild,
slight, lax, 4. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) raw,
gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, indelicate,
rocky, uneven, impolite, robust, abrasive, bluff,
blunt, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) polished,
precise, refined, silky, sophisticated, even, exact,
glossy, 5. rigorous; synonyms (adj) accurate, stern,
inflexible, stiff, stringent, nice, careful, close,
demanding, meticulous, relentless, ruthless,
narrow, rugged, correct, 6. rigid; synonyms (adj)
fixed, set, formal, tense, tight, determined, resolute,
immovable, adamant, inexorable, obdurate,
obstinate, stubborn, taut, (n) stark; antonyms (adj)
flexible, elastic, 7. violent; synonyms (adj)
tempestuous, raging, turbulent, vehement,
passionate, powerful, savage, stormy, wild,
tumultuous, rude, ardent, ferocious, fiery, (n)
Turkish - English
furious; antonyms (adj) peaceful, calm, nonviolent,
8. strict; synonyms (adj) scrupulous, perfect,
punctual, just, fastidious, religious, exigent,
faithful, literal, particular, unbending,
uncompromising, conscientious, nonindulgent,
keen; antonyms (adj) free, imprecise, negligent,
relaxed, 9. bitter (ac, keskin, iddetli);
synonyms (adj) acrimonious, acerbic, acid,
malicious, resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, freezing,
icy, pungent, sarcastic, tart, (n) acerbity, (v)
disagreeable; antonyms (adj) charitable, hot, sugary,
10. firm; synonyms (n) company, business, (adj)
constant, stable, compact, solid, steadfast, steady,
decisive, dense, fast, sturdy, enduring, crisp, (v)
durable; antonyms (adj) irresolute, weak, hesitant,
limp, liquid, 11. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly,
barbaric, barbarous, bestial, truculent, vicious,
barbarian, boarish, inhuman, oppressive, pitiless,
violent, brutish, fell, heartless; antonym (adj) liberal,
12. hot (scak); synonyms (adj) warm, boiling,
burning, feverish, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager,
enthusiastic, peppery, spicy, angry, new, fervent,
gingery; antonyms (adj) cool, cold, airy, bland,
chilly, 13. smart (akgz); synonyms (adj) bright,
chic, clever, intelligent, jaunty, (v) ache, hurt, (n)
pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby,
unkempt, slow, 14. stiff; synonyms (adj) numb,
awkward, buckram, ceremonious, potent, prim,
starchy, high, laborious, erect, (n) cadaver, corpse,
body, remains, carcass; antonyms (adj) floppy,
supple, pliable, 15. tough; synonyms (adj)
tenacious, hardy, stout, leathery, muscular,
resilient, sinewy, stalwart, strenuous, stringy, (n)
bully, rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan, ruffian;
antonyms (adj) flimsy, feeble, lightweight, 16.
strong; synonyms (adj) able, deep, cogent, forcible,
good, influential, lusty, secure, sound, athletic,
energetic, forceful, hearty, loud, persuasive;
antonyms (adj) delicate, faint, frail, pale,
unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, dull, exhausted,
imperceptible, tired, watery, 17. solid (kat);
synonyms (adj) consistent, real, massive, substantial,
material, reliable, thick, whole, certain, fine,
concrete, full, convincing, sober, dependable;
antonyms (adj) unreliable, loose, gaseous,
permeable, runny, transparent.
sertifika certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma,
sertletirmek steel (elik); synonyms (n) harden,
blade, brand, brace, foil, fortify, sword, invigorate,
strengthen, (adj) iron, adamant, (v) nerve, temper,
gird.
sertlik 1. strength (g, kuvvet); synonyms (n)
force, power, energy, firmness, intensity, vigor,
397
endurance, potency, stability, health, soundness,

amount, brawn, (v) might, capacity; antonyms (n)
weakness, frailty, flaw, shortcoming, 2.
bitterness; synonyms (n) acerbity, acrimony,
animosity, gall, malice, resentment, acidity,
asperity, bitter, enmity, hatred, hostility, rancor,
sharpness, affliction; antonym (n) sweetness, 3.
severity; synonyms (n) cruelty, austerity,
harshness, rigor, inclemency, roughness, gravity,
difficulty, grimness, hardness, hardship,
inflexibility, rigorousness, rigour, seriousness;
antonyms (n) gentleness, leniency, clemency,
flexibility, pleasantness.
serum serum; synonyms (n) juice, antitoxin,
medicine, (adj) lymph, humor, sap.
serven adventure; synonyms (n) venture, accident,
chance, escapade, event, incident, undertaking,
consequence, essay, circumstance, enterprise,
experience, (v) hazard, risk, dare.
servet 1. means (ara); synonyms (n) expedient,
agency, instrument, assets, capital, channel, funds,
income, manner, agent, contrivance, device,
medium, method, process, 2. fortune; synonyms
(n) chance, destiny, estate, fate, fluke, accident, luck,
means, abundance, doom, lot, riches, wealth,
blessing, substance, 3. pile (hav, ty); synonyms
(n) heap, stack, mass, congeries, mound, bunch,
accumulation, bundle, collection, hoard, jam, (v)
pack, accumulate, amass, crowd, 4. assets;
synonyms (n) property, belongings, resources,
finances, resource, money, possession, possessions,
acquit, 5. gold (altn); synonyms (n) treasure,
yellow, amber, (adj) aureate, gilded, gilt, golden, 6.
wealth; synonyms (n) affluence, opulence, fortune,
profusion, mammon, copiousness, excess,
prosperity, store, cornucopia, overabundance,
plethora, (adj) plenty, richness, (v) gold; antonyms
(n) poverty, penury, scarcity, 7. substance;
synonyms (n) essence, body, import, material,
core, gist, quintessence, implication, spirit, content;
servis service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid,
ses 1. sound; synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime,
fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good,
just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n)
silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 2. voice;
synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part,
suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate, express, pronounce,
say, speak, utter, vocalize, articulate, state, 3. tone
(ton); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, air,
shade, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner,
disposition, feel, feeling, intonation, (v) color, 4.
audio; synonyms (n) television, channel, phone,
398
Turkish - English
(adj) auditory, aural, acoustic, hearing, 5. noise

(grlt, patrt); synonyms (n) clatter, clamor,
hubbub, racket, din, disturbance, uproar, buzz,

clang, commotion, crack, crash, interference, (v)
fame, report; antonym (n) quiet, 6. cry (alamak,
barmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark,
scream, yell, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow,
shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan, outcry;
antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.
seslenmek 1. call (barmak, armak, ar);

synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid,
summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal,
yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v)
dismiss, 2. cry (alamak, barmak, feryat);
synonyms (n) bark, scream, clamor, roar, bay,
crying, (v) call, shriek, weep, exclaim, moan, outcry,
screech, yelp, yowl; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper,
3. shout (barmak); synonyms (v) bawl, hollo,
hail, holler, hoop, whoop, proclaim, chant, acclaim,
squall, (n) cheer, halloo, exclamation, wail, crow.
sesli vocal; synonyms (adj) oral, spoken, unwritten,
outspoken, sonant, sonorous, vowel, eloquent,
instrumental, sung; antonym (adj) quiet.
sessiz 1. quiet (sakin); synonyms (adj) still, lull,
pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v)
talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise, 2. still;
synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj)
silence, quiescent, serene, silent, inactive, mute,
peace, placid, sedate, (v) quiet, soothe, tranquil;
antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy,
3. silent; synonyms (adj) dumb, tacit, inarticulate,
inaudible, incommunicative, mum, noiseless,
reserved, reticent, taciturn, implicit, soundless,
speechless, dormant, unpronounced; antonyms
(adj) spoken, explicit, open, 4. dumb; synonyms
(adj) dense, dim, dull, obtuse, slow, stupid, idiotic,
thick, voiceless, aphonous, 5. mum; synonyms (n)
mama, mamma, mammy, mater, mom, momma,
mommy, mother, secrecy, mummy, 6. sweet
(tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh,
lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical,
pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, (n)
confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter,
discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty.
sessizce silently; synonyms (adv) mutely, noiselessly,
quietly, stilly, secretly, faintly, furtively,
indistinctly, patiently, peaceably, privately,
taciturnly, whistly, wordlessly, cautiously;
antonym (adv) noisily.
sessizlik 1. silence; synonyms (n) quiet, calm, lull,
mum, muteness, quietness, (v) still, allay, mute,
pacify, gag, muffle, muzzle, (int) hush, (adj) appease;
antonyms (n) noise, sound, 2. quiet (sakin,
sessiz); synonyms (adj) cool, gentle, motionless,
peaceful, placid, tranquil, tranquilize, (v) moderate,

assuage, silence, easy, repose, (n) compose, ease,
peace; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative,
vociferous, active.
set 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, takm); synonyms (v)
fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define,
adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast,
bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope,
store, limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v)
antonym (v) withdraw, 3. terrace; synonyms (n)
patio, bench, veranda, porch, balcony, yard,
accommodation, backyard, building, bungalow,
cottage, farmhouse, green, grounds, igloo.
sevecen tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful,
fond, gentle, mild, (v) proffer, (n) offer, bid,
rubbery, rough.
sevecenlik 1. kindness; synonyms (n) benevolence,
clemency, compassion, courtesy, generosity,
affection, benignity, consideration, cordiality,
favor, friendliness, gentleness, goodness, grace,
graciousness; antonyms (n) unkindness,
callousness, cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite,
unfriendliness, maliciousness, 2. compassion;
synonyms (n) pity, mercy, charity, commiseration,
sympathy, forgiveness, remorse, tenderness,
condolence, feeling, humanity, leniency, warmth,
empathy, (adj) kindness; antonym (n) indifference.
seven loving; synonyms (adj) affectionate, devoted,
fond, amorous, kind, tender, friendly, ardent,
attached, admiring, caring, compassionate,
fatherly, gentle, enamored; antonyms (adj) cold,
uncaring.
sevgi 1. love (ak, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n)
abhor, 2. affection; synonyms (n) affect,
affectionateness, disease, feeling, heart, kindness,
love, tenderness, admiration, care, complaint,
condition, emotion, esteem, (v) regard, 3.
attachment; synonyms (n) appendix, accessory,
addition, adherence, appendage, association, bond,
connection, fitting, link, tie, annex, addendum,
fastener, inclination; antonym (n) detachment.
sevgili 1. dear; synonyms (adj) beloved, close, costly,
expensive, lovely, precious, near, adorable,
affectionate, cherished, familiar, high, (n) darling,
love, honey; antonyms (adj) cheap, worthless, 2.
love (ak, sevgi, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire,
affection, dear, fondness, liking, benevolence,
charity, attachment, devotion, sweetheart, favor, (v)
Turkish - English
cherish, enjoy, like, worship; antonyms (n)
abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike,
abhor, 3. beloved; synonyms (adj) favorite, loved,
pet, sweet, valued, (n) dearest, agreeable, idol,
lover, 4. darling; synonyms (adj) pretty, (n) deary,
angel, treasure, duck, ducky, favourite, flame, 5.
girl (kz); synonyms (n) damsel, lady, daughter,
fille, lass, maid, wench, virgin, quean, female,
girlfriend, woman, 6. favourite; synonyms (adj)
favored, (n) dearie, blaze, ingle, fire, fireplace,
paramour, 7. lover; synonyms (n) beau, devotee,
fan, admirer, buff, amorist, man, gallant, boyfriend,
enthusiast, follower, afficionado, 8. steady;
synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant,
continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant,
sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm, regular;
sevgilim darling; synonyms (adj) beloved, pet, costly,
sweet, pretty, adorable, (n) dear, favorite, deary,
love, angel, treasure, duck, ducky, (v) precious.
sevi love (ak, sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms
(n) desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking,
abhor.
sevimli 1. nice; synonyms (adj) beautiful, dainty,
fastidious, fine, good, kind, lovely, neat, likable,
delicious, agreeable, correct, decent, delicate,
difficult; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, horrible, 2.
sweet (tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved, fresh,
mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical,
pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful,
fragrant, honeyed, (n) confection; antonyms (adj)
sharp, salty, 3. pretty (gzel); synonyms (adv)
very, fairly, jolly, quite, rather, (adj) fair, graceful,
attractive, handsome, good-looking, picturesque,
cute, elegant, smart, (n) nice; antonym (adj) ugly, 4.
lovely (gzel); synonyms (adj) enchanting,
alluring, adorable, endearing, exquisite, gorgeous,
gracious, appealing, delectable, glamorous,
heavenly, pretty, stunning, divine, (n) beauty;
antonyms (adj) hideous, terrible, unattractive, 5.
charming; synonyms (adj) amiable, captivating,
winning, amusing, bewitching, fascinating, magic,
magical, sweet, tempting, wizard, magnetic,
compelling, desirable, engaging; antonyms (adj)
repellent, unappealing, 6. winning; synonyms (v)
seductive, (adj) triumphant, victorious, fetching,
taking, successful, inviting, disarming, ingratiating,
persuasive; antonym (adv) losing.
sevin 1. joy; synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment,
elation, gladness, glee, happiness, pleasure, bliss,
ecstasy, excitement, exhilaration, exultation, fun, (v)
exult, cheer; antonyms (n) misery, sorrow, sadness,
399
disaster, grief, 2. delight; synonyms (n) joy,

amusement, rejoicing, delectation, (v) charm,
amuse, please, ravish, captivate, enrapture, gratify,
transport, content, divert, enchant; antonyms (v)
depress, displease.
sevinli 1. happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms
(adj) fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant,
sorrowful, 2. glad (memnun); synonyms (adj)
jubilant, delighted, festive, delightful, genial,
willing, beaming, blissful, happy, proud, elated,
jovial, joyful, joyous, lief.
sevindirmek 1. delight; synonyms (n) joy,
amusement, pleasure, rejoicing, bliss, delectation,
gladness, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish,
captivate, cheer, enrapture, gratify; antonyms (n)
sorrow, misery, (v) depress, displease, 2. please
(ltfen, memnun etmek); synonyms (v) delight,
entertain, like, oblige, enchant, accommodate,
divert, gladden, indulge, satisfy, suit, enthrall,
tickle, (adj) enjoy, content; antonyms (v) annoy,
anger, irritate, distress.
sevimek pet; synonyms (adj) favourite, favored, (n)
favorite, darling, love, beloved, ducky, (v) caress,
dear, dandle, fondle, baby, pamper, cherish,
indulge.
seviye 1. level (dzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree,
unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 2. plane
(planya, uak); synonyms (n) airplane, face,
aeroplane, aircraft, stage, surface, jet, craft, facet,
planer, (v) shave, hover, (adj) level, smooth, flush.
sevk expedition; synonyms (n) excursion, dispatch,
journey, travel, celerity, exploration, haste, outing,
quest, readiness, speed, tour, trip, (v) campaign,
crusade.
sevmek 1. love (ak, sevgi, sevgili); synonyms (n)
abhor, 2. like (beenmek, benzer); synonyms (v)
corresponding, identical, care, fancy, (adj) equal,
equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same,
parallel, similar, such, (n) love, relish; antonyms
(prep) unlike, (adj) different, 3. enjoy (beenmek);
synonyms (v) appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess,
delight, experience, own, rejoice, revel, devour,
take, suffer, joy, (adj) luxuriate, 4. pet; synonyms
(adj) favourite, favored, precious, (n) favorite, ducky,
coddle, hug, (v) caress, dandle, fondle, baby,
pamper, indulge, pat, cuddle.
400
Turkish - English
seyahat 1. journey (yolculuk); synonyms (n) jaunt,
sezmek 1. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his);
excursion, expedition, passage, trip, way, course,

flight, outing, pilgrimage, (v) go, travel, cruise, fare,
navigate, 2. travel; synonyms (n) journey, pass,
stroke, tour, voyage, (v) run, proceed, move, roam,
ride, ramble, sail, drive, range, track, 3. travelling;
synonyms (n) traveling, locomotion, 4. voyage;
synonym (n) quest.
seyir 1. course (yn); synonyms (n) stream, flow,
bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track,
channel, circuit, class, method, (v) run, chase, 2.
run (altrmak, komak); synonyms (v) rule,
dash, gush, race, conduct, direct, function, go,
hasten, hurry, operate, (n) pass, campaign, course,
drive.
seyirciler audience (dinleyiciler); synonyms (n)
hearing, interview, attendance, house, meeting,
turnout, audition, congregation, crowd, following,
public, spectators, (v) auditory.
seyrek 1. rare; synonyms (adj) extraordinary,
uncommon, exceptional, infrequent, precious,
scarce, seldom, thin, unusual, few, choice, curious,
fine, odd, peculiar; antonyms (adj) common,
frequent, ordinary, 2. seldom; synonyms (adv)
rarely, occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly,
hardly, scarcely, (adj) rare; antonyms (adv)
frequently, often, 3. thin (ince); synonyms (adj)
flimsy, gaunt, lean, light, slight, tenuous,
emaciated, slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager,
sheer, subtle, scanty; antonyms (adj) thick, fat,
concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, broad, heavy,
(v) thicken.
seyretme watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms
(v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care,
protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry,
surveillance, (adj) vigilance.
seyretmek watch (bakmak); synonyms (v) observe,
clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend,
(n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj)
vigilance.
seyyah traveller; synonym (n) traveler.
seyyar 1. mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid,
impassive, motionless, 2. travelling; synonyms (n)
traveling, travel, locomotion.
sezgi feeling (duygu); synonyms (n) affection, feel,
passion, emotion, atmosphere, belief, hunch,
impression, intuition, mood, opinion, sense,
sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm; antonyms (n)
numbness, indifference.
sezi perception (alg); synonyms (n) apprehension,
conception, idea, notion, discernment, feeling,
awareness, image, observation, penetration,
sensation.
synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning,

idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind,
perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness,
nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 2.
scent; synonyms (n) perfume, fragrance, smell,
aroma, bouquet, essence, redolence, odour, savor,
flavor, flavour, incense, clue, (v) odor, nose, 3. feel
(hissetmek); synonyms (v) sense, consider, finger,
handle, believe, deem, endure, find, hold, suffer, (n)
touch, atmosphere, sound, texture, air; antonym (v)
observe, 4. detect; synonyms (v) catch, discover,
ascertain, discern, notice, see, spot, trace,
determine, distinguish, identify, locate, descry,
sniff, encounter, 5. smell (koklamak); synonyms
(n) savour, stench, smack, olfaction, relish, breath,
smelling, tang, look, (v) reek, scent, stink, snuff.
sezon season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell,
(prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow,
habituate.
scak 1. warm (lk, stmak); synonyms (adj) hot,
unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill, 2. hot;
synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, burning, feverish,
fiery, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, fast, peppery,
pungent, spicy, angry, new; antonyms (adj) mild,
freezing, airy, bland, chilly.
scaklk 1. heat (s); synonyms (n) glow, fervor,
passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 2.
warmth; synonyms (n) heat, temperature,
geniality, warmness, affection, tenderness,
fondness, friendliness, hotness, sympathy,
cordiality, enthusiasm, feeling, zeal, (adj) verve;
antonyms (n) aloofness, chilliness, coldness,
coolness, unfriendliness.
san 1. rat; synonyms (n) grass, informer, apostate,
betrayer, scab, renegade, (v) blackleg, denounce,
betray, peach, sing, apostatize, squeal, defect,
inform, 2. mouse (fare); synonyms (n) track, trail,
hunt, trace, coward, bruise, (v) sneak, creep, steal,
snoop, seek, abstract, cabbage, cower, crawl.
sicil 1. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) record,
list, inventory, note, catalogue, book, account, roll,
(v) file, enroll, chronicle, enter, indicate, read, show,
2. record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayt, plak);

synonyms (n) register, disk, document, history,
deed, disc, journal, log, story, (v) report, score,
inscribe, mark, enrol, tally.
sicim 1. string (dizi, ip); synonyms (n) chain, file,
Turkish - English
cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond,
tape, lace, rope, whipcord, yarn, leash, fiber, cable,
corduroy, tether, twist, (v) knot, 3. line (izgi,
hat); synonyms (n) house, breed, course, family,
lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, crease,
stock, trace, way, (v) order, wrinkle.
sma shit (bok); synonyms (n) crap, bullshit,
cocksucker, dump, junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool,
defecate, (adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces,
ordure.
smak shit (bok); synonyms (n) crap, bullshit,
cocksucker, dump, junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool,
defecate, (adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces,
ordure.
srama 1. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border,
bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce,
rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier,
compass, hop; antonym (adj) free, 2. jump
(atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v) dive, hurdle,
rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, go, increase, lunge,
plunge, (n) bound, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v)
decrease, fall, 3. jumping; synonyms (v) bounding,
salient, conspicuous, dancing, saltant, (adj) moving,
active, festive, industrious, lively, merry, noisy,
spirited, sprightly, tireless, 4. spring (bahar,
ilkbahar); synonyms (n) fountain, source, jet,
cause, font, fount, ramp, (v) originate, recoil,
proceed, arise, issue, prance, vault, (adj) elastic, 5.
start (balamak, balang, balatmak);
synonyms (v) begin, commence, drive, launch,
embark, activate, enter, flinch, open, (n) onset,
origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn;
conclusion.
sramak 1. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v)
hop, spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear,
dance, (n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet;
antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 2. spring (bahar,
ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, fountain, source,
proceed, arise, issue, prance, (adj) elastic.
sidik urine; synonyms (n) piss, pee, water, piddle,
weewee.
sfat 1. adjective; synonyms (adj) adjectival,
procedural, 2. capacity (kapasite); synonyms (n)
capability, aptitude, capacitance, function,
intelligence, talent, might, dimension, content,
endowment, faculty, gift, measure, position, (adj)
ability; antonyms (n) inability, incapability.
sfr 1. zero; synonyms (n) nil, nothing, nobody,
cipher, naught, cypher, nought, null, nihil, nullity,
aught, nix, root, zilch, zip, 2. nothing (hi, hibir
ey); synonyms (n) zero, nonentity, trifle, nada,
oblivion, (adj) worthless; antonym (pron) something.
401
s shallow; synonyms (adj) shoal, superficial, low,

cursory, petty, little, sketchy, flimsy, frivolous,
simple, surface, dull, mean, airy, facile; antonyms
(adj) deep, bottomless.
sigara 1. cigarette; synonyms (n) cigaret, fag, butt,
arse, ass, backside, behind, bottom, bum, buns,
buttocks, can, scroll, derriere, (adj) cigar, 2. smoke
(duman); synonyms (n) fumes, fog, mist, perfume,
smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek, fumigate, puff,
exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj) smudge.
snak 1. refuge; synonyms (n) protection, asylum,
sanctuary, resort, retreat, safety, cover, haven,
shelter, harbor, hideaway, hideout, covert, (v)
recourse, haunt, 2. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge,
home, institution, madhouse, 3. harbour (liman);
synonyms (n) seaport, (v) entertain, contain, bear,
hold, nurse, shield, 4. cover (rtmek); synonyms
(v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket,
screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid,
mask, spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose,
uncover, 5. sanctuary; synonyms (n) shrine,
reservation, chancel, church, port, security, temple,
altar, bema, 6. shelter; synonyms (n) guard,
protect, hut, shade, lee, lodge, burrow, lodging,
shadow, housing, (v) defend, hide, keep, preserve,
(adj) defense, 7. retreat; synonyms (n) departure,
den, lair, privacy, retirement, withdrawal, (v)
recede, retire, withdraw, depart, ebb, leave, return,
exit, retract; antonyms (n) raid, (v) advance.
sr cattle; synonyms (n) beast, cows, stock, kine,
livestock, oxen, sheep, antelopes, bison, camels,
crowd, mob, public, barb, bidet.
srlar cattle; synonyms (n) beast, cows, stock, kine,
livestock, oxen, sheep, antelopes, bison, camels,
crowd, mob, public, barb, bidet.
sigorta 1. insurance; synonyms (n) assurance,
guarantee, indemnity, coverage, policy, security,
warranty, 2. assurance (gvence); synonyms (n)
confidence, belief, pledge, affiance, certitude,
conviction, faith, nerve, poise, promise, reliance,
sureness, trust, vow, warrant; antonym (n)
insecurity.
sigortalama insurance (sigorta); synonyms (n)
assurance, guarantee, indemnity, coverage, policy,
security, warranty.
sihir 1. magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming,
fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception, 2.
spell; synonyms (n) magic, bout, period, turn,
span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, fit,
run, season, (v) bewitch, enchant, import.
sihirbazlk magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming,
fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception.
402
Turkish - English
sk 1. dense (youn); synonyms (adj) compact, thick,

close, crowded, deep, crass, dim, dull, heavy,
firm; antonyms (adj) bright, insightful, loose, clever,
intelligent, readable, simple, sparse, 2. thick
(kaln); synonyms (adj) dense, opaque, slow,
stocky, familiar, fat, gross, intimate, muddy,
obtuse, broad, populous, frequent, chummy, (n)
midst; antonyms (adj) thin, diluted, fine, slight,
transparent.
sk 1. compact; synonyms (adj) close, dense,
compendious, concise, hard, (n) agreement,
sparse, 2. firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj)
constant, stable, compact, determined, fixed,
fast, (v) faithful, durable; antonyms (adj) irresolute,
soft, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 3. fast
(hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile,
brisk, colorfast, dissipated, expeditious, (adv) soon,
(n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, (adv) slow, slowly,
leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 4. strict; synonyms
(adj) rigid, severe, stern, correct, accurate, austere,
harsh, precise, rigorous, scrupulous, exacting,
inflexible, stiff, meticulous, (v) exact; antonyms (adj)
lenient, free, lax, flexible, imprecise, negligent,
relaxed, 5. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) bad,
difficult, grave, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling,
knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic, backbreaking,
complicated, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj)
easy, kind, merciful, simple, tender, yielding, (adv)
gently, lightly, 6. solid (kat); synonyms (adj)
consistent, real, good, massive, secure, substantial,
hearty, heavy, material, potent, reliable, sturdy,
thick, whole, certain; antonyms (adj) unreliable,
gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, 7.
tight; synonyms (adj) mean, parsimonious, taut,
snug, tense, drunk, miserly, sparing, strict,
stringent, impervious, (adv) closely, (v) narrow,
stingy, near; antonyms (adj) baggy, generous, slack,
wide, (adv) loosely.
skca fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute,
firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant,
quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close,
(n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow,
slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge.
skc 1. boring; synonyms (adj) dull, tedious,
thrilling, varied, 2. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt,
dense, sluggish, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal,
inactive, inert, obtuse, slack, (v) deaden, dampen;
antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, lustrous,

glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, shiny,
sparkling, 3. gloomy; synonyms (adj) black,
disconsolate, downcast, dingy, downhearted,
funereal, melancholy, sad, dispirited, bleak, blue;
antonyms (adj) cheerful, cheery, encouraging,
happy, hopeful, light, 4. tedious; synonyms (adj)
slow, heavy, dry, flat, humdrum, irksome, lifeless,
deadly, insipid, verbose, stodgy, prolix, lengthy,
burdensome, (v) stupid; antonym (adj) easy.
sklgan shy (ekingen, rkek); synonyms (adj)
sknt 1. oppression; synonyms (n) injustice, abuse,
despotism, tyranny, weight, dictatorship, stress,
wrong, severity, violence, compression, (v)
hardship, grievance, (adj) autocracy, molestation, 2.
boredom; synonyms (n) tedium, monotony,
doldrums, dullness, ennui, tediousness,
melancholy; antonyms (n) excitement, enjoyment,
3. bother; synonyms (v) trouble, annoy, torment,
vex, worry, afflict, aggravate, (n) fuss, plague, bore,
hassle, pain, ado, annoyance, concern; antonyms (v)
delight, please, soothe, (n) pleasure, 4. distress
(ac); synonyms (n) agony, anguish, anxiety,
calamity, difficulty, grief, hurt, torture, adversity,
affliction, alarm, (v) bother, upset, discomfort,
distraint; antonym (v) comfort, 5. trouble;
synonyms (n) distress, care, harass, load,
misfortune, problem, (v) inconvenience, disorder,
disquiet, agitate, burden, distract, disturb, perturb,
confuse; antonym (v) calm, 6. discomfort;
synonyms (n) uneasiness, unease, agitation,
displeasure, malaise, misery, restlessness, soreness,
suffering, uncomfortableness, awkwardness,
dissatisfaction; antonym (v) ease, 7. gloom;
synonyms (n) desolation, blackness, dark, darkness,
depression, dimness, dusk, cloud, dreariness,
dejection, despair, despondency, shadow, night,
(adj) obscurity; antonyms (n) light, brightness,
happiness, cheerfulness, 8. hardship; synonyms
(n) disaster, asperity, deprivation, destitution,
poverty, trial, catastrophe, hardness, strait,
neediness, penury, pressure, rigour, sorrow, want;
antonym (n) affluence, 9. want (istemek);
synonyms (v) need, desire, require, like, (n) lack,
wish, deficiency, famine, absence, dearth, demand,
indigence, necessity, privation, shortage; antonyms
(v) dislike, hate.
skntl uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable,
Turkish - English
calm.
skklk jam (reel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix,
squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v)
block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym
(v) free.
skmak jam (reel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix,
squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v)
block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym
(v) free.
sktrma compression; synonyms (n) compaction,
condensation, pressure, compressing,
sktrmak 1. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm,
collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army,
squeeze, compress; antonym (v) disperse, 2. jam
(reel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, congestion,
conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill,
force, gorge, hinder, impede; antonym (v) free, 3.
force (g, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n)
impulse, power, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, thrust,
compel, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n)
weakness, persuasion, 4. press (basn, basmak);
synonyms (n) jam, closet, newspaper, (v) pack,
exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, hug, pinch, squash,
stress, entreat, (adj) weigh, 5. rush; synonyms (n)
hurry, charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) dash, gush,
race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, (adj) burst,
spurt, 6. push (itmek); synonyms (n) jolt, poke,
elbow, (v) jab, jostle, nudge, prod, rush, boost, fight,
incite, jog, labor, plug, promote; antonyms (v) pull,
drag, haul.
sikke coin; synonyms (n) cash, money, specie,
currency, piece, (v) forge, invent, mint, originate,
create, strike, cast, devise, fabricate, weave.
sklk 1. frequency (frekans); synonyms (n)
frequence, incidence, commonness, prevalence,
constancy, oftenness, abundance, oftness, pitch,
density, community, concourse, crowd,
generalness, measure, 2. density (younluk);
synonyms (n) compactness, consistency,
concentration, denseness, stupidity, firmness,
solidity, massiveness, stand, crassitude, frequency,
weight, absorption, assiduity, assiduousness;
antonym (n) looseness.
skmak press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam,
(adj) constrain.
sikme fuck; synonyms (v) screw, bang, bonk, hump,
jazz, fornicate, (n) fucking, nookie, shag, ass.
sikmek fuck; synonyms (v) screw, bang, bonk, hump,
jazz, fornicate, (n) fucking, nookie, shag, ass.
403
silah 1. weapon; synonyms (n) gun, arm, missile,

artillery, blade, firearm, spear, steel, tool,
implement, ordnance, bat, bludgeon, branch, club,
2. gun (top, tfek); synonyms (n) gunman,
handgun, pistol, revolver, shooter, torpedo,
accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker.
silgi 1. rubber (kauuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc,
arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize, 2. cleaner;
synonyms (n) cleanser, lifter, custodian,
donkeyman.
silindir 1. cylinder; synonyms (n) barrel, roll, pipe,
tube, column, container, spool, bottle, cask, reel,
bolt, can, filling, flask, (adj) cylindroid, 2. roll
catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, curl, enfold,
revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow, wind.
silkelemek shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
silkmek shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
silme wipe (silmek); synonyms (v) rub, clean, mop,
towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash, cover,
(n) fling, flout, (adj) sponge, flush.
silmek 1. cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek);

synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge,
invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface,
eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify;
antonym (v) validate, 2. wipe; synonyms (v) rub,
clean, mop, towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry,
wash, cover, (n) fling, flout, (adj) sponge, flush, 3.
remove (kaldrmak); synonyms (v) oust, take,
pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip, delete,
evacuate, extract, get, dislodge, draw, empty;
antonyms (v) insert, install, place.
silsile series (dizi, seri); synonyms (n) chain, rank,
collection, cycle, line, round, run, sequence, serial,
set, string, succession, (v) course, order, (adj)
progression.
sima face (ehre, surat, yz); synonyms (n) look,
aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior,
veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back.
simetri symmetry; synonyms (n) balance, proportion,
order, correspondence, equilibrium, regularity,
consistency, harmony, coextension, composition,
counterbalance, equality, equipoise, parity,
symmetricalness; antonyms (n) asymmetry,
disproportion, irregularity.
simge symbol (sembol); synonyms (n) sign, emblem,
number, badge, mark, stamp, insignia, numeral,
token, type, allegory, character, figure, image,
indication.
404
Turkish - English
simgesel symbolic; synonyms (adj) emblematical,
(v) sort, place, rank, categorize, classify, order,
representative, emblematic, figurative, symbolical,

characteristic, metaphorical, significant, (v) typical,
symptomatic, diacritical, (n) symbolics; antonym
(adj) literal.
simsar broker (komisyoncu); synonyms (n)
mediator, agent, go-between, factor, middleman,
dealer, attorney, intermediary, bailiff, merchant.
simultane simultaneous; synonyms (adj) coincident,
concurrent, coincidental, synchronous,
contemporary, synchronal, coinciding, cooccurring;
antonyms (adj) independent, separate.
snama test (snamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition,
experiment, examination, measure, (v) assay, essay,
examine, prove, quiz, sample, check, try, analyze,
attempt.
snamak 1. test; synonyms (n) trial, audition,
attempt, 2. examine; synonyms (v) audit, consider,
overhaul, control, search, survey, ascertain, ask,
contemplate, compare, canvass, investigate, probe,
review, study, 3. try; synonyms (v) test, struggle,
strive, judge, strain, seek, taste, adjudicate, aim, (n)
endeavor, chance, effort, shot, go, crack.
snav 1. examination (muayene); synonyms (n)
audit, check, exam, search, test, consideration,
exploration, inquiry, investigation, study, survey,
testing, contemplation, analysis, (adj) examen, 2.
test (snamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition,
experiment, examination, measure, criterion, (v)
assay, essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, try,
analyze, attempt, 3. trial (deneme); synonyms (n)
affliction, hardship, hearing, adversity, difficulty,
distress, effort, endeavor, misery, proof, trouble,
misfortune, sorrow, ordeal, (adj) experimental.
sindirmek 1. cow (inek); synonyms (v) bully,
discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash, 2.
stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen,
appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept,
tolerate, (adj) digest.
sinek 1. fly (umak); synonyms (v) escape, dash,
drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop,
hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 2. club
(kulp); synonyms (n) association, bat, circle,
society, stick, baton, company, cudgel, fraternity,
gang, group, guild, (v) beat, bludgeon, hit.
sinema cinema; synonyms (n) movies, film, show,
celluloid.
sini tray (tepsi); synonyms (n) plate, dish, basket,
bassinet, case, corbeille, cradle, crate, creel, dorser,
dosser, hamper, hopper, jardiniere, lapboard.
snf 1. class; synonyms (n) category, group, form,
grade, position, arrange, brand, department, kind,
grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, degree,
2.
gradient, score, quality, slope, division, plane,

caliber, extent, (v) level, evaluate, range, appraise,
even, 3. category (kategori, ulam); synonyms
(n) denomination, type, variety, cohort, plight,
breed, classification, collection, estate, family,
nature, predicament, section, set, species, 4. form
(biim, form); synonyms (n) figure, design,
ceremony, shape, conformation, (v) cast, make,
fashion, build, constitute, establish, carve,
construct, create, do, 5. sphere; synonyms (n)
region, area, domain, province, realm, ball, circle,
globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field, orb,
capacity, 6. order (dzen, dzenlemek,
dictate, array, charge, condition, disposition, edict,
injunction, instruction, genus, (v) direct,
request, 7. classroom; synonym (n) schoolroom, 8.
rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace,
value, percentage, (v) assess, estimate, appreciate,
compute, count, calculate, merit, put, esteem,
gauge, 9. rank (sra); synonyms (n) file, gradation,
line, rate, post, arrangement, distinction, (adj)
putrid, luxuriant, bad, egregious, fetid, flagrant,
foul, glaring; antonym (adj) fresh.
snflama classification; synonyms (n) arrangement,
categorization, class, grading, assortment,
categorisation, category, order, rank, analysis,
breakdown, classifying, method, disposition,
section; antonym (n) declassification.
snflandrlm classified; synonyms (adj)
confidential, secret, clandestine, private, hushhush, inside, chronological, exclusive, personal,
privileged, regular, concealed, confidence,
undisclosed.
snflandrma classification; synonyms (n)
arrangement, categorization, class, grading,
assortment, categorisation, category, order, rank,
analysis, breakdown, classifying, method,
disposition, section; antonym (n) declassification.
snflandrmak 1. sort; synonyms (n) kind, type,
assortment, breed, description, form, rank, variety,
pattern, (v) class, group, arrange, classify, divide,
(adj) manner, 2. label (etiket); synonyms (n) name,
brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket,
ticket, (v) mark, call, check, designate, distinguish,
identify, denounce, 3. grade (derece); synonyms
(n) place, degree, order, category, gradient, score,
quality, slope, division, plane, caliber, (v) level,
evaluate, range, appraise, 4. class (snf);
synonyms (n) grade, position, department,
classification, course, denomination, elegance,
family, like, workshop, (v) sort, categorize, assort,
branch, pigeonhole.
Turkish - English
405
sinir nerve; synonyms (n) audacity, cheek,
snrlamak 1. restrict; synonyms (v) limit, restrain,
impertinence, boldness, brass, courage, daring,

face, fortitude, heart, impudence, mettle, prowess,
assurance, backbone; antonym (n) cowardice.
snr 1. limit; synonyms (n) bound, boundary, edge,
(v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb,
restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain, curtail,
(prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension,
minimum, (v) broaden, extend, 2. boundary;
synonyms (n) limit, area, end, perimeter, periphery,
barrier, brink, fringe, frontier, line, margin,
outskirts, rim, verge, bounds, 3. border (kenar);
synonyms (n) extremity, bed, brim, skirt, limits,
rand, edging, (v) abut, adjoin, hem, surround,
approach, butt, enclose, flank; antonym (n) middle,
4. compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, scope,
circle, circumference, reach, room, breadth, ambit,
(v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve,
apprehend, (adv) beset, 5. frontier; synonyms (n)
stint, backwoods, (adj) terminal, 6. bound;
synonyms (v) leap, bounce, pounce, rebound, skip,
vault, define, caper, (adj) bandaged, (n) spring,
jump, compass, hop, recoil, limitation; antonym
(adj) free, 7. verge (kenar); synonyms (n) side,
threshold, term, point, scepter, sceptre, wand,
bourn, (v) bend, incline, tend, trend, conduce,
contribute, dispose, 8. extreme (ar); synonyms
(adj) deep, excessive, enormous, immoderate,
intense, severe, supreme, terrible, ultimate, utmost,
uttermost, drastic, extraordinary, exceeding,
exorbitant; antonyms (adj) reasonable, near, (n)
mild, moderate, slight, 9. margin (kenar);
synonyms (n) bank, allowance, leeway, lip, brow,
borderline, freedom, play, shore, space, tolerance,
demarcation, elbowroom, latitude, margent, 10.
measure (lmek, l, nlem); synonyms (n)
amount, criterion, beat, benchmark, degree,
allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, assess.
snrlama 1. restriction; synonyms (n) limitation,
limit, restraint, curb, confinement, check,
constraint, control, qualification, embargo, bridle,
ban, confine, impediment, (v) hindrance; antonyms
(n) freedom, extension, 2. limitation; synonyms (n)
circumscription, restriction, demarcation,
condition, disadvantage, handicap, bound,
boundary, ceiling, reservation, stipulation, demise,
3. qualification; synonyms (n) capability,
competence, fitness, preparation, prerequisite,
provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification,
requirement, (adj) faculty, endowment, property,
attribute, 4. restraint; synonyms (n) moderation,
modesty, reserve, containment, obstacle, deterrent,
discipline, inhibition, leash, prohibition, repression,
forbearance, arrest, detention, (v) obstruction;
antonyms (n) excess, abandon, decadence,
incentive.
circumscribe, confine, constrain, fetter, bound,

curb, curtail, forbid, hamper, reduce, ration, bind,
check, 2. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border,
bounce, pounce, rebound, restrict, skip, (n) spring,
jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop,
recoil; antonym (adj) free.
snrlandrmak limit (snr); synonyms (n) bound,
boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe,
confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close,
constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center,
snrlayc restrictive; synonyms (adj) prohibitive,
restraining, exclusive, restricted, astringent,
binding, clannish, coactive, compulsory,
conditional, costive, obligatory, opposed,
preventive, (v) limitary; antonym (adj) encouraging.
sinirlendirme irritation; synonyms (n) aggravation,
exasperation, anger, annoyance, displeasure,
bother, excitation, excitement, temper, annoying,
frustration, irritability, nuisance, pique, rage;
sinirli nervous; synonyms (adj) anxious, excitable,
tense, cowardly, afraid, apprehensive, fearful, shy,
uneasy, firm, edgy, fidgety, neurotic, (adv) excited,
agitated; antonyms (adj) calm, brave, relaxed.
snrl 1. limited; synonyms (adj) finite, circumscribed,
moderate, qualified, special, insular, bounded,
narrow, scanty, slender, particular, specific,
definite, conditional, constricted; antonyms (adj)
boundless, infinite, limitless, open, complete,
never-ending, unlimited, wide, 2. narrow (dar);
synonyms (adj) close, limited, little, cramped,
illiberal, mean, (v) confined, contract, limit, lessen,
constrict, shrink, abridge, dwindle, intimate;
antonyms (adj) broad, comprehensive, extensive, (v)
widen, extend, 3. close (kapamak, kapatmak);
synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate,
tight, approximate, brief, (v) compact, stop,
conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion;
start, 4. restricted; synonyms (adj) constrained,
exclusive, local, controlled, prohibited, classified,
secret, private, reserved, captive, fixed, precise;
antonyms (adj) unrestricted, far-reaching, free,
liberated, unimpeded.
snrsz 1. unlimited; synonyms (adj) boundless,
unbounded, endless, immeasurable, limitless,
unconditional, absolute, indefinite, infinite, total,
measureless, illimitable, interminable, unqualified,
unrestricted; antonyms (adj) limited, restricted,
partial, 2. infinite (sonsuz); synonyms (adj)
countless, eternal, immense, incalculable,
innumerable, everlasting, enormous,
multitudinous, myriad, unending, unfathomable,
unlimited, vast, numerous, continual; antonym (adj)
finite.
406
Turkish - English
sinyal signal (iaret); synonyms (n) sign, gesture,

indication, presage, flag, alarm, mark, motion, (v)
omen, indicate, wave, alert, betoken, (adj)
conspicuous, memorable.
sipari order (dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek,

siper 1. shield (kalkan, korumak); synonyms (n)
screen, shelter, buffer, armor, protection, shade, (v)
cover, guard, safeguard, preserve, secure, defend,
hide, protect, buckler; antonym (v) expose, 2.
trench; synonyms (n) channel, ditch, drain, furrow,
cut, dike, groove, gutter, hollow, dugout, foxhole,
sewer, (v) encroach, excavate, infringe, 3. shelter;
synonyms (n) refuge, asylum, harbor, sanctuary,
security, shield, hut, covert, haven, lee, lodge,
burrow, safety, (v) keep, (adj) defense, 4. screen
(ekran, perde); synonyms (n) blind, riddle,
disguise, partition, veil, curtain, drape,
concealment, divider, (v) conceal, mask, cloak,
filter, obscure, sieve.
sipsi reed (kam); synonyms (n) triangle, xylophone,
arrow, pipe, dart, stalk, fistula, javelin, jereed, jerid,
lance, pen, pike, spear, (adj) thread.
sr 1. mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum, arcanum,
enigma, secret, mysteriousness, puzzle, secrecy,
craft, perplexity, poser, problem, riddle, whodunit,
cabala, question; antonyms (n) clearness,
explanation, 2. secret; synonyms (adj) concealed,
covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive,
obscure, occult, clandestine, dark, esoteric, (n)
privacy, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj)
open, (n) known, public, 3. confidence; synonyms
(n) assurance, trust, belief, certainty, certitude, faith,
hope, conviction, credence, credit, expectation,
intimacy, nerve, reliance, security; antonyms (n)
insecurity, uncertainty, doubt, nervousness,
anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity.
sra 1. rank; synonyms (n) range, place, file,
antonym (adj) fresh, 2. sequence; synonyms (n)
series, succession, course, arrangement, chain,
consequence, episode, procession, progression,
concatenation, pattern, continuity, cycle, effect,
rank, 3. order (dzen, dzenlemek,
emretmek); synonyms (n) command, decree,
dictate, sort, charge, condition, disposition, edict,
injunction, instruction, kind, (v) direct, commission,
call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos,
confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 4.
line (izgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, house, breed,
cable, crease, row, stock, trace, way, 5. bench
(bank); synonyms (n) settle, chair, court, terrace,

workbench, bank, bar, judicatory, board, couch,
form, judiciary, table, tribunal, 6. file (dosya);
synonyms (n) archive, document, list, record, roll,
string, tabulate, inventory, case, catalog, (v) rasp,
register, scrape, abrade, grind, 7. turn (dnmek,
dn); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get,
revolution, (n) bend, curve, coil, go, twist, bout,
change, round, bent, circle, shift, 8. row;
synonyms (n) altercation, squabble, wrangle, clash,
dispute, turmoil, argument, (v) quarrel, brawl, fight,
argue, bicker, broil, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n)
agreement, (v) agree, 9. series (dizi, seri);
synonyms (n) collection, run, sequence, serial, set,
rash, suite, variety, gamut, scale, (v) train, 10.
queue (kuyruk); synonyms (n) cue, tail, rear,
wake, catchword, flap, humor, (v) align, adjust,
aline, dress, find, 11. range (alan, erim);
synonyms (n) area, compass, reach, scope, domain,
distance, extent, latitude, pasture, rove, (v) roam,
ramble, wander, gad, dispose, 12. array (dizi);
synonyms (n) garment, army, assortment, crowd,
host, (v) attire, adorn, apparel, clothe, deck, display,
garb, ornament, dight, equip; antonym (v) disarray,
13. occasion; synonyms (n) event, chance,
happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity,
circumstance, (v) cause, create, beget, induce, make,
raise, generate, 14. arrangement; synonyms (n)
settlement, adjustment, classification, contract,
design, distribution, method, plan, system,
accommodation, appointment, accord,
composition, construction, contrivance, 15.
succession; synonyms (n) continuation, reversion,
consecution, successiveness, flow, harping,
iteration, race, recurrence, reiteration, 16. train
(tren); synonyms (n) caravan, (v) aim, coach,
educate, exercise, trail, tame, discipline, drill,
instruct, prepare, school, domesticate, practice,
drag.
sradan 1. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling,
average, familiar, mediocre, usual, commonplace,
everyday, habitual, normal, mean, banal, (n)
common, customary, accustomed, (v) general;
antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, incredible,
distinguished, famous, 2. common (adi, ortak);
vulgar, base, ignoble, plebeian, public, trivial,
prosaic, poor, collective, communal, (n) commons;
exclusive, infrequent.
sralamak sort (snflandrmak); synonyms (n)
kind, type, assortment, breed, description, form,
rank, variety, pattern, (v) class, group, arrange,
classify, divide, (adj) manner.
Turkish - English
407
srdalk confidence; synonyms (n) assurance, trust,
sis 1. fog; synonyms (n) cloud, haze, vapor, brume,
belief, certainty, certitude, faith, hope, conviction,

credence, credit, expectation, intimacy, nerve,
reliance, security; antonyms (n) insecurity,
uncertainty, doubt, nervousness, anxiety,
diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity.
srf 1. mere; synonyms (adj) bare, entire, pure, simple,
clear, naked, (n) lake, loch, downright, tarn,
absolute, boundary, pond, stark, (v) sheer, 2. only
(ancak); synonyms (adv) alone, but, exclusively,
just, merely, barely, entirely, simply, however, (adj)
exclusive, individual, lone, one, sole, all, 3. sheer;
synonyms (adj) mere, bold, diaphanous, filmy,
gauzy, gossamer, steep, transparent, regular,
perpendicular, flimsy, rank, blatant, (n) complete,
perfect; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick, 4. solely;
synonyms (adv) only, wholly, purely, completely,
(adj) singly.
srk 1. pole (kutup); synonyms (n) perch, bar,
picket, post, rod, support, terminal, axle, beam,
axis, extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar, 2. bar
(bar, ubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop,
line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude,
permit, allow, 3. stick (yaptrmak); synonyms
(n) club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste,
staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold,
impale.
srtma grin; synonyms (n) smile, grinning, smirk,
simper, (v) beam, laugh, sneer, leer.
srtmak grin; synonyms (n) smile, grinning, smirk,
simper, (v) beam, laugh, sneer, leer.
sirklasyon circulation (dolam); synonyms (n)
turn, airing.
sirkler circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular,
square.
srlamak silver (gm, gm rengi); synonyms
(adj) silvery, argent, white, silvern, blanch, bleach,
eloquent, etiolate, facile, fluent, gray, (n) money,
gold, flatware, (v) plate.
srt 1. back (arka, geri); synonyms (adv) before,
front, oppose, advance, 2. ridge; synonyms (n)
crest, ledge, bank, hill, shelf, dune, swelling, peak,
projection, ridgepole, wrinkle, button, peg, (v)
crease, fold, 3. shoulder (banket, omuz);
synonyms (n) elbow, back, scale, (v) bear, carry,
push, hold, jostle, sustain, assume, accept, shove,
take, thrust, undertake.
confusion, daze, damp, smoke, (v) mist, confuse,

blur, dim, becloud, befog, darken, 2. mist;
synonyms (n) fog, film, steam, rain, (v) cover,
obscure, drizzle, bedim, hide, squirt.
sska spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess,
sistem 1. system; synonyms (n) method,
establishment, mode, organisation, 2. regime;
synonyms (n) administration, government, dynasty,
management, regimen, reign, authorities, 3. tract;
synonyms (n) area, essay, expanse, pamphlet,
region, dissertation, district, extent, section, lot,
plot, domain, land, province, belt.
sistematik systematic; synonyms (adj) methodical,
orderly, regular, tidy, neat, businesslike, logical,
correct, consistent, efficient, ordered, shipshape,
symmetrical, uniform; antonym (adj) unsystematic.
sistemli systematic (sistematik); synonyms (adj)
methodical, orderly, regular, tidy, neat,
businesslike, logical, correct, consistent, efficient,
ordered, shipshape, symmetrical, uniform;
antonym (adj) unsystematic.
sva plaster (yak); synonyms (n) mortar, cement,
svamak plaster (yak); synonyms (n) mortar,
cement, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v)
coat, daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face,
smear.
sv 1. fluid (akc, akkan); synonyms (n) juice,
liquor, (adj) liquid, flowing, unsettled, changeable,
smooth, fluent, mobile, runny, juicy, uncertain,
unstable, variable, watery; antonym (n) solid, 2.
liquid; synonyms (adj) fluid, limpid, sappy,
succulent, liquefied, liquified, (n) drink, liquidness,
sap; antonyms (adj) firm, (n) gaseous.
sivil 1. civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic,
abrupt, 2. civilian; synonyms (adj) civil, (n) citizen,
national, carpetmonger, chamberer, chambermaid,
civilist, inhabitant, jurist, layman, legist, resident,
voter, advocate, commoner; antonyms (adj)
military, (n) serviceman.
sivri 1. sharp (keskin); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter,
round, smooth, 2. acute; synonyms (adj) sharp,
critical, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart, strong, acuate,
discerning, discriminating, grave, penetrative,
408
Turkish - English
perceptive, trenchant, (v) high; antonym (adj)

obtuse, 3. pointed; synonyms (adj) poignant,
piquant, cutting, marked, pithy, acuminate, barbed,
prickly, short, meaningful, fine, thorny, angular,
emphatic, jagged.
sivrilmek distinguish; synonyms (v) discern,
discriminate, describe, know, perceive, discover,
descry, behold, characterize, classify, detect,
difference, differentiate, identify, recognize;
antonym (v) confuse.
sivriltmek point (gstermek, nokta); synonyms (n)
dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level.
siyah black; synonyms (adj) dark, sable, blackamoor,
bleak, darkie, dirty, ebony, evil, nigger, unclean,
cheerless, squalid, (v) sinister, villainous, blacken;
antonym (n) white.
siyasal political; synonyms (adj) politic, national, civil,
siyaset 1. politics (politika); synonyms (n)
government, diplomacy, policy, governance,
authorities, governing, backroom, bossism,
campaigning, civics, electioneering, jungle,
legislature, polity, regime, 2. policy (polie,
politika); synonyms (n) course, plan, approach,
insurance, tactics, game, system, method, politics,
principle.
siyasi political; synonyms (adj) politic, national, civil,
syrk scratch (izik, kamak); synonyms (n) score,
mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v)
graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate.
sz pain (ar); synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother,
ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v)
sizinki yours; synonym (adj) own.
szlamak smart (akgz); synonyms (adj) bright,
unkempt, slow.
skala scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,
skandal scandal; synonyms (n) disgrace, dishonor,
gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy,
ske sketch (taslak); synonyms (n) plan, drawing,
outline, scheme, cartoon, project, (v) design, paint,
draft, draw, picture, chart, delineate, depict,

describe.
skor score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch,
slayt slide (kayma); synonyms (n) glide, chute,
slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift.
soba stove; synonyms (n) range, furnace, heater,
ambit, chain, compass, grasp, orbit, reach, scope,
warmer.
sofra 1. table (izelge, masa, tablo); synonyms (n)
board, chart, schedule, stand, list, plateau, console,
platen, panel, (v) defer, postpone, shelve, slate,
tablet, (adj) plate, 2. board (tahta); synonyms (n)
council, bench, meal, table, office, sign,
commission, committee, court, embark, plank,
administration, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate;
antonym (v) disembark.
sofu religious; synonyms (adj) pious, devout, divine,
sacred, devoted, godly, holy, saintly, scrupulous,
ghostly, solemn, spiritual, strict, (n) monk, (v)
earnest; antonym (adj) secular.
soan onion; synonyms (n) caviare, pickle, leek, chive.
souk 1. cold; synonyms (adj) chilly, frigid, aloof,
callous, distant, icy, indifferent, apathetic, bleak,
cool, dead, dull, freezing, (n) chilliness, chill;
warmth, 2. bleak; synonyms (adj) austere, bare,
barren, cold, dreary, black, desolate, murky, raw,
bald, bitter, dark, depressing, gloomy, grim;
antonyms (adj) cheerful, hopeful, lush, mild, sunny,
3. distant (uzak); synonyms (adj) remote,
detached, far, reserved, long, faraway, removed,
standoffish, unfriendly, abstracted, wide, deep,
faint, (adv) apart, away; antonyms (adj) close,
adjacent, near, nearby, neighboring, pending, alert,
intimate, involved, 4. chill; synonyms (n) coolness,
gelidity, iciness, quiver, shiver, shivering, shudder,
thrill, (adj) frosty, (v) freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp,
dampen, benumb, 5. frozen; synonyms (adj) arctic,
glacial, wintry, stiff, congealed, chilled, gelid, iced,
set, fixed, immobile, motionless, numb; antonym
(adj) moving, 6. cool; synonyms (adj) collected,
composed, fine, lukewarm, soothe, nonchalant, (v)
calm, assuage, allay, pacify, quench, refrigerate, (n)
composure, poise, aplomb; antonyms (adj) agitated,
excited, enthusiastic, feverish, temperate, tepid.
soukkanl cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected,
warm, heat.
soukkanllk 1. cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold,
Turkish - English
tepid, (v) warm, heat, 2. nerve (sinir); synonyms
(n) audacity, cheek, impertinence, boldness, brass,
courage, daring, face, fortitude, heart, impudence,
mettle, prowess, assurance, backbone; antonym (n)
cowardice.
soukluk 1. chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold,
bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing,
frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp,
dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm, 2.
cold (souk); synonyms (adj) aloof, callous,
distant, indifferent, apathetic, dead, dull, hard,
heartless, impassive, inhospitable, lukewarm,
reserved, (n) chilliness, chill; antonyms (adj)
friendly, hot, burning, prepared, affectionate,
loving, soporific, 3. distance (uzaklk);
synonyms (n) remove, space, way, gap, aloofness,
interval, altitude, measure, period, place, range, (v)
dissociate, outdistance, outstrip, (adj) length;
antonyms (n) nearness, proximity, closeness,
intimacy, (v) associate.
soumak cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected,
warm, heat.
sourma absorption; synonyms (n) assimilation,
sourmak absorb (emmek); synonyms (v) consume,
suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, fascinate,
ingest, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) bore, emit.
soutmak 1. cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold,
tepid, (v) warm, heat, 2. chill; synonyms (n)
coolness, gelidity, iciness, (adj) bleak, icy, frosty,
depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit,
congeal, damp, dampen; antonym (n) warmth.
sohbet 1. chat; synonyms (n) gossip, talk, chatter,
chitchat, conversation, causerie, confab, gab, rap, (v)
converse, chaffer, confabulate, prattle, speak, tattle;
antonym (v) listen, 2. conversation; synonyms (n)
chat, conference, colloquy, communication,
discourse, discussion, language, speech, talking,
palaver, debate, dialogue, interlocution, interview,
3. talk (konuma, konumak); synonyms (v)
lecture, address, articulate, prate, babble, parley,
tongue, say, jaw, gabble, jabber, communicate,
confer, (n) parlance, idiom.
409
sokak street (cadde); synonyms (n) road, avenue,

highway, way, route, lane, neighborhood, path,
track, thoroughfare, walk, (v) roadway.
sokmak 1. bite (srmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit,
eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch, 2. stick
(yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere,
stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix,
bind, cleave, fasten, hold.
sol left; synonyms (adj) gone, absent, odd, port,
remaining, larboard, sinister, unexpended,
abandoned, remainder, corrupt, deserted,
disastrous, dishonest, evil; antonym (n) right.
Sola left (sol); synonyms (adj) gone, absent, odd, port,
remaining, larboard, sinister, unexpended,
solda left (sol); synonyms (adj) gone, absent, odd,
port, remaining, larboard, sinister, unexpended,
soldurmak pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, faint, wan,
dull, light, pallid, weak, watery, cadaverous, (v)
dim, blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound;
antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, strong, brown.
solgun 1. pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, faint, wan,
dull, light, pallid, weak, watery, cadaverous, (v)
dim, blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound;
antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, strong, brown, 2. wan;
synonyms (v) pale, rueful, (adj) sickly, haggard,
ashen, colorless, pasty, sallow, bloodless, lurid,
ashy, thin, white, deathly.
solmak pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, faint, wan, dull,
light, pallid, weak, watery, cadaverous, (v) dim,
blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound;
antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, strong, brown.
solmaz fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute,
solo solo; synonyms (adj) single, sole, solitary, lone,
(adv) alone, only, unaccompanied.
soluk 1. breath (nefes); synonyms (n) spirit, wind,
air, inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze,
flash, flatus, gust, instant, jiffy, respite, (adj)
whisper, 2. faint (baylmak); synonyms (adj)
collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull,
gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish,
swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear,
obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 3. dim;
synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, bleak, dense,
faint, gloomy, misty, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale,
tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant,
intelligent, clever, (v) brighten, 4. pale; synonyms
(adj) ghastly, wan, light, pallid, watery, cadaverous,
410
Turkish - English
colorless, faded, fair, (v) blanch, (n) boundary,

confine, border, bound, limit; antonyms (adj) rosy,
brown, 5. wan; synonyms (v) rueful, (adj) sickly,
haggard, ashen, pasty, sallow, bloodless, lurid,
ashy, thin, white, deathly.
solumak breathe (nefes almak); synonyms (v) blow,
exhale, live, subsist, be, emit, exist, imply, rest,
whisper, inspire, convey, heave, (n) respire,
bespeak.
solunga gill; synonyms (n) branchia, lamella, leech,
sweetheart, (v) rivulet, gullet, rillet, rill, (adj) adze,
ax, hatchet, mattock, pick, pickax.
solsyon solution (zelti, zm, eriyik);

synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer,
settlement, resolve, determination, explanation,
key, result, remedy, definition, resolving,
clarification, liquid, reply.
som solid (kat); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact,
consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive,
secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms
(adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable,
runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid.
somun nut; synonyms (n) lunatic, crackpot, crank,
eccentric, egg, freak, fruitcake, kernel, head, fruit,
kook, maniac, nutcase, screwball, seed.
smrge 1. colony (koloni); synonyms (n)
settlement, community, plantation, dependency,
village, mandate, possession, protectorate,
assembly, closure, colonisation, colonization, flock,
nation, territory, 2. dependency; synonyms (n)
dependence, addiction, colony, dependance,
relationship, (adj) contingency, 3. possession
(iyelik); synonyms (n) occupancy, occupation,
ownership, keeping, goods, property, tenure,
grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy,
custody, (v) acquisition.
smrme exploitation; synonyms (n) abuse,
defacement.
smrmek exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply,
performance.
somut 1. concrete (beton); synonyms (adj) actual,
positive, physical, real, tangible, fixed, palpable,
definite, firm, material, (n) cement, (v) coagulate,
congeal, concretion, set; antonyms (adj) theoretical,
intangible, abstract, hypothetical, incidental, 2.
tangible; synonyms (adj) substantial, concrete,
perceptible, evident, corporeal, sensible, genuine,
adequate, bodily, commensurate, competent,
discernible, enough, (n) applicable, available.
son 1. last (geen, srmek); synonyms (v) endure,
continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide,

opening, (adj) first, 2. finish (bitmek); synonyms
(v) end, complete, achieve, execute, accomplish,
cease, determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n)
close, consummate, death, conclude, ending;
antonyms (v) start, begin, (n) beginning, 3. final;
synonyms (adj) decisive, definite, latter, definitive,
last, irrevocable, decided, eventual, net,
peremptory, firm, absolute, dying, finished, fixed;
antonym (adj) preliminary, 4. end (bitirmek,
bitmek, erek); synonyms (n) aim, closure,
destination, cause, demise, object, tail, effect,
period, design, border, butt, completion, (v) finish,
(prep) consequence; antonyms (n) maintenance,
middle, 5. conclusion; synonyms (n) result,
cessation, sequel, termination, decision,
dissolution, epilogue, finale, outcome, resolution,
coda, assumption, deduction, determination, event;
antonym (n) preface, 6. late (ge); synonyms (adj)
former, dead, deceased, behindhand, belated,
delayed, modern, slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv)
dilatory, fresh, backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj)
ahead, (adv) early, punctually, promptly, punctual,
7. ending; synonyms (n) stop, abolition, breakup,
closedown, culmination, discontinuance, suffix,
destruction, 8. terminal (terminal); synonyms
(adj) endmost, fatal, incurable, (n) depot, extremity,
terminus, boundary, station, 9. ultimate;
synonyms (adj) supreme, elemental, furthest,
primary, finishing, top, utmost, best, crowning, (n)
maximum, greatest, limit, 10. outcome (sonu);
synonyms (n) aftermath, issue, product, fruit,
development, corollary, outgrowth, purpose,
upshot, offspring, answer, impact, fate, implication,
payoff, 11. bottom (alt, dip, k); synonyms (n)
base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing,
back, arse, ass, bum, buttocks, craft, floor,
foundation; antonyms (n) pinnacle, (adj) highest, 12.
fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, chance, luck,
fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot, portion,
accident, future, hap, (v) doom, destine, designate,
13. latter; synonyms (adj) later, terminal, following,
posterior, recent, past, last-mentioned, 14.
extreme (ar); synonyms (adj) deep, excessive,
enormous, immoderate, intense, severe, terrible,
uttermost, drastic, extraordinary, exceeding,
exorbitant, great, keen, (n) edge; antonyms (adj)
reasonable, near, (n) mild, moderate, slight, 15.
close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj)
narrow, brief, airless, (v) compact, bar, block, fold,
(adv) by, about, (n) expiration; antonyms (adj)
distant, airy, loose, far, (v) open, 16. issue (sorun);
synonyms (n) egress, exit, progeny, denouement, (v)
flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge,
gush, circulate, debouch, distribute, emit, 17. stop
(durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak);
Turkish - English
synonyms (v) stand, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug,
catch, disrupt, hinder, impede, intercept, (n) halt,
stay, check, arrest, curb; antonyms (v) encourage,
permit, prolong, 18. result (sonu); synonyms (n)
produce, repercussion, harvest, solution, backwash,
offshoot, (v) ensue, follow, eventuate, develop, lead,
originate, occur, leave, proceed, 19. termination;
synonyms (n) extinction, bound, cancellation,
expiry, abortion, consummation, pause,
suspension, term, annulment, exhalation, passing,
settlement, standstill, 20. supreme; synonyms (adj)
dominant, paramount, head, chief, sovereign,
preeminent, principal, superlative, uppermost,
main, prime, almighty, foremost, perfect,
predominant; antonym (adj) minor.
sonbahar 1. fall (dmek); synonyms (v) decline,
climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. autumn;
synonyms (n) fall, declivity, harvest, cadence,
capitulation, cascade, cataract, death, declension,
degradation, depreciation, destruction, downslope,
dusk, evenfall.
sonda probe; synonyms (n) investigation, inquiry,
research, plumb, exploration, (v) examine,
examination, explore, inspect, fathom, investigate,
search, check, inquire, penetrate.
sondaj boring (skc); synonyms (adj) dull, tedious,
thrilling, varied.
sonra 1. after; synonyms (prep) following, since, (adv)
later, beyond, next, subsequently, then, when,
afterward, afterwards, behind, (adj) back, posterior,
rear, subsequent, 2. afterwards; synonym (adv)
after, 3. later; synonyms (adj) last, ensuing, future,
latter, final, succeeding; antonyms (adv) earlier,
immediately, before, prior, 4. then; synonyms (adv)
so, accordingly, again, consequently, (conj)
therefore, 5. next (sonraki); synonyms (adj)
nearest, adjacent, contiguous, coming, close, near,
adjoining, closest, neighboring, proximate,
immediate, imminent, nearby, (v) consequent, (adv)
on; antonyms (adj) distant, outgoing, (adv) previous,
preceding, previously, 6. subsequently.
sonradan afterwards (sonra); synonyms (adv) after,
afterward, subsequently, later, next, (adj) following.
sonraki 1. next; synonyms (adj) later, nearest,
adjacent, contiguous, following, subsequent,
future, coming, ensuing, after, close, near,
adjoining, (adv) afterward, then; antonyms (adj)
distant, outgoing, (adv) previous, preceding,
previously, 2. latter; synonyms (adj) ultimate, last,
terminal, final, posterior, recent, past, eventual,
411
concluding, last-mentioned; antonym (n) former, 3.

subsequent; synonyms (adj) next, consequent,
second, latter, sequential, successive, postnate.
sonsuz 1. infinite; synonyms (adj) absolute,
boundless, countless, endless, eternal, immense,
incalculable, immeasurable, innumerable,
everlasting, enormous, illimitable, indefinite,
multitudinous, myriad; antonyms (adj) finite,
limited, restricted, 2. endless; synonyms (adj)
constant, continual, ceaseless, continuous,
interminable, perpetual, incessant, uninterrupted,
dateless, infinite, limitless, persistent, unbroken,
unending, unlimited; antonyms (adj) temporary,
intermittent, 3. eternal; synonyms (adj) lasting,
aeonian, deathless, enduring, immortal, ageless,
durable, eonian, permanent, steady, abiding,
imperishable, perennial, sempiternal, timeless;
antonyms (adj) mortal, short-lived.
sonu 1. result; synonyms (n) consequence, fruit,
issue, outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion,
effect, end, produce, outgrowth, (v) ensue, follow,
eventuate, arise; antonym (v) cause, 2. outcome;
synonyms (n) product, development, event, result,
decision, corollary, purpose, sequel, upshot,
offspring, impact, fate, ending, implication, payoff,
3. effect (etki); synonyms (n) impression, sense, (v)
accomplish, achieve, create, complete, do, bring,
carry, execute, induce, perform, use, win,
implement; antonym (n) reason, 4. event (olay);
synonyms (n) affair, case, occurrence, circumstance,
contingency, fact, happening, incident, time,
chance, accident, adventure, episode, eventuality,
experience, 5. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure,
close, cessation, completion, termination,
dissolution, epilogue, finale, finish, last, resolution,
tail, coda, assumption, (v) closing; antonyms (n)
beginning, start, opening, preface, 6. harvest
(hasat); synonyms (n) crop, ingathering, profit,
yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner,
get, pick, reap, earn, assemble, 7. issue (sorun);
synonyms (n) egress, exit, progeny, denouement, (v)
flow, emanate, emerge, release, discharge, gush,
circulate, debouch, distribute, emit, jet, 8. close
(kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near,
narrow, brief, airless, (v) compact, stop, conclude,
(adv) by, about, (n) expiration; antonyms (adj)
distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, 9. fruit
(meyve); synonyms (n) production, (v) return,
building, edifice, erection, fabric, flower, 10.
consequence; synonyms (n) import, importance,
account, concern, moment, weight, backwash,
inference, influence, matter, repercussion,
significance, value, harvest, connotation; antonyms
(n) inconsequence, insignificance, 11. product
(rn); synonyms (n) output, merchandise,
proceeds, article, commodity, composition,
412
Turkish - English
manufacture, goods, work, ware, creation, make,

performance, wares, book.
sonusuz ineffective (etkisiz); synonyms (adj)
empty, incompetent, futile, impotent, inadequate,
antonyms (adj) effective, strong, successful, useful.
snk 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy,
brighten, 2. faint (baylmak); synonyms (adj)
collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak,
gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish,
swoon, droop, conk; antonyms (adj) distinct,
obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 3. dull;
synonyms (adj) blunt, dreary, sluggish, bland,
boring, cold, dismal, inactive, inert, obtuse, slack,
slow, stupid, (v) deaden, dampen; antonyms (adj)
lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous,
glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, shiny.
sonuncu 1. last (geen, son, srmek); synonyms (v)
endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide,
opening, (adj) first, 2. final (son); synonyms (adj)
decisive, definite, latter, definitive, last, irrevocable,
decided, eventual, net, peremptory, firm, absolute,
dying, ending, finished; antonym (adj) preliminary.
sonunda 1. finally; synonyms (adv) eventually, lastly,
last, ultimately, definitely, completely, (adj) final, (v)
definitively; antonym (adv) firstly, 2. eventually;
synonyms (adv) finally, even, someday, afterward,
consecutively, consequentially, continuously,
necessarily, through, hereafter, heretofore, (conj) yet,
however, nevertheless, notwithstanding; antonyms
(adv) instantly, promptly.
sopa 1. club (kulp, sinek); synonyms (n)
association, bat, circle, society, stick, baton,
company, cudgel, fraternity, gang, group, guild, (v)
beat, bludgeon, hit, 2. stick (yaptrmak);
synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach,
cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave,
fasten, hold, 3. staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane,
post, employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace,
brace, stave, court, scepter, board, shaft, (v) crutch,
prop.
SOR ask (sormak); synonyms (v) inquire, request,
appeal, beg, demand, interrogate, question, take,
beseech, call, charge, claim, consult, crave, invite;
antonym (v) answer.
sr sir; synonyms (n) esquire, gentleman, master, man,
don, signior, buck, dominus, effendi, magister,
signore.
sorgu 1. inquiry (soruturma); synonyms (n)
examination, enquiry, investigation, exploration,
hearing, inquest, query, question, research, trial,

demand, analysis, inspection, probe, (v) search, 2.
question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry,
challenge, matter, problem, (v) doubt, distrust,
inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute,
examine, enquire, mistrust, argue; antonyms (n)
certainty, (v) answer, 3. enquiry; synonyms (n)
doubtfulness, dubiousness, head, motion.
sormak ask; synonyms (v) inquire, request, appeal,
beg, demand, interrogate, question, take, beseech,
call, charge, claim, consult, crave, invite; antonym
(v) answer.
soru question (mesele); synonyms (n) inquiry,
challenge, demand, matter, problem, (v) doubt,
query, distrust, inquire, interrogate, investigate,
contest, dispute, examine, enquire; antonyms (n)
certainty, (v) answer.
sorumlu 1. accountable; synonyms (adj) amenable,
answerable, responsible, (v) liable, 2. responsible;
synonyms (adj) accountable, reliable, dependable,
trustworthy, culpable, faithful, responsive,
conscientious, creditworthy, guilty, (v) bound;
antonyms (adj) irresponsible, innocent, 3. liable;
synonyms (adj) apt, disposed, exposed, inclined,
likely, subject, vulnerable, given, obnoxious,
susceptible, blameworthy; antonym (adj) exempt.
sorumluluk 1. liability; synonyms (n) debt, duty,
obligation, trust, blame, commitment,
disadvantage, arrears, fault, accountability,
encumbrance, indebtedness, responsibility, load,
exposure; antonym (n) asset, 2. responsibility;
synonyms (n) care, charge, affair, job, liability, onus,
reliability, dependability, burden, function,
province, assignment, concern, guilt, (v) office, 3.
charge; synonyms (n) accusation, command,
commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand,
direction, (v) accuse, attack, bid, arraign, assault,
cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 4.
blame (sulamak); synonyms (v) censure,
reprimand, reproach, chide, rebuke, attribute,
criticize, knock, scold, denounce, (n) rap, allegation,
condemnation, inculpation, indictment; antonyms
(v) pardon, praise, 5. commitment; synonyms (n)
dedication, allegiance, appointment, committal,
devotion, loyalty, promise, tie, confinement,
consignment, contract, engagement, faithfulness,
interest, 6. burden; synonyms (n) anxiety, pack,
strain, bale, cargo, core, essence, (v) bother, weight,
burthen, clog, trouble, afflict, encumber, force;
antonyms (v) relieve, unburden.
sorun 1. problem (problem); synonyms (n) bother,
conundrum, difficulty, trouble, knot, enigma, job,
matter, riddle, case, poser, dilemma, issue, puzzle,
(v) question, 2. issue; synonyms (n) aftermath,
discharge, gush, 3. case; synonyms (n) box,
Turkish - English
example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag,
briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton,
(adj) patient, 4. question (mesele, soru);
synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, problem,
(v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire, interrogate,
investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire,
mistrust; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer, 5.
difficulty; synonyms (n) hindrance, impediment,
asperity, jam, barrier, difficultness, fix, hardship,
inconvenience, obstacle, strait, adversity,
disadvantage, ado, burden; antonyms (n) ease,
simplicity, advantage, help, 6. trouble; synonyms
(n) distress, pain, anxiety, fuss, torment, care, (v)
distract, disturb, (adj) affliction; antonyms (v) calm,
please.
soruturma 1. inquiry (sorgu); synonyms (n)
examination, enquiry, investigation, exploration,
hearing, inquest, query, question, research, trial,
demand, analysis, inspection, probe, (v) search, 2.
investigation (aratrma); synonyms (n) inquiry,
scrutiny, check, review, investigating, study, audit,
interrogation, hunt, experiment, inquire,
inquisition, quest, survey, test, 3. examination
(muayene); synonyms (n) exam, consideration,
testing, contemplation, appraisal, evaluation,
interview, observation, quiz, challenge, discussion,
consultation, dissection, (adj) examen, (v) visit, 4.
quest; synonyms (n) pursuit, chase, expedition,
voyage, pursuance, seeking, journey, (v) explore,
ask, examine, request, seek, bay, bespeak, invite.
soruturmak investigate (aratrmak); synonyms
(v) examine, explore, inquire, inspect, search, check,
research, ask, hunt, analyze, enquire, interrogate,
scrutinize, study, test.
sos sauce; synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning,
garnish, impertinence, billingsgate, salad, cheek,
insolence, effrontery, juice, nerve, flavoring, lip,
liquor, mouth.
sosis sausage; synonyms (n) frankfurter, blimp,
pudding, intestine.
sosyal social (toplumsal); synonyms (adj) gregarious,
national, companionable, friendly, public, common,
neighborly, affable, communicative, convivial,
societal, (n) sociable, mixer, party, society.
sosyalist socialist; synonyms (adj) socialistic,
collective, left, communalist, (n) communist,
philanthropist, leveler, radical, utilitarian; antonym
(adj) capitalist.
sosyalizm socialism; synonyms (n) communism,
collectivism, communalism; antonym (n)
capitalism.
sosyete society; synonyms (n) club, institution, public,
association, community, companionship, company,
corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle, people,
commonwealth, group, guild.
413
sosyoloji sociology; synonym (n) anthropology.

svg oath (yemin); synonyms (n) curse, expletive,
soy 1. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety,
beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, 2.
birth (doum); synonyms (n) beginning, descent,
extraction, genesis, parturition, blood, labor,
lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, origin, parentage,
(v) delivery, deliver; antonym (n) death, 3. family
(aile); synonyms (n) household, name, breed, clan,
house, kin, people, stock, species, birth, category,
folk, line, (adj) home, domestic, 4. stock (hisse
senedi); synonyms (n) store, goods, family, hoard,
backlog, commodity, broth, cache, capital, fund,
(adj) regular, commonplace, (v) handle, supply,
furnish, 5. strain; synonyms (n) stress, effort,
stretch, exertion, reach, song, (v) filter, screen, sift,
antonym (v) relax, 6. race; synonyms (n) dash,
career, competition, nation, pedigree, (v) course,
run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, campaign, hunt, dart,
match, 7. descent (ini); synonyms (n) decline,
fall, declension, declination, declivity, derivation,
drop, raid, degradation, descension, downhill,
incline, pitch, slope, strain; antonyms (n) ascent,
improvement, 8. extraction; synonyms (n)
removal, essence, extract, genealogy, withdrawal;
antonym (n) insertion.
soygun robbery; synonyms (n) rape, burglary,
depredation, looting, pillage, plunder, theft,
holdup, thieving, freebooting, pillaging, spoil, (v)
despoliation, spoliation.
sylemek 1. tell (anlatmak); synonyms (v) relate,
declare, divulge, express, impart, recount, reveal,
explain, announce, command, communicate,
describe, distinguish, (n) disclose, count; antonym
(v) request, 2. say (demek); synonyms (v) remark,
articulate, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe,
maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, guess,
dictate, (n) voice, 3. observe; synonyms (v)
celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind,
guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look,
mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 4.
language, part, suffrage, vote, vox, ballot,
mouthpiece, representative, mouth, articulation, (v)
say, utter, vocalize, 5. report (rapor); synonyms
(n) description, gossip, name, fame, message,
narration, narrative, news, notification, recital,
record, story, intelligence, bulletin, (v) account;
antonym (n) fact, 6. utter; synonyms (adj) absolute,
complete, extreme, pure, sheer, total, thorough,
unmitigated, rank, (v) breathe, deliver, emit, talk,
exclaim, give; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 7.
414
Turkish - English
speak (konumak); synonyms (v) converse,

discourse, recite, lecture, address, mumble, prattle,
declaim, reason, tongue, bespeak, handle, accost,
chat, (adj) publish, 8. bid (davet etmek);
synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer,
suggestion, (v) ask, call, invite, adjure, beseech,
charge, direct, instruct, summon, allure, 9. state
(devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation,
position, country, kingdom, show, place,
circumstances, commonwealth, condition, estate,
pomp, (v) expound, affirm, allege, (adj) national;
antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 10. sing (tmek);
synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe,
twitter, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize,
squeal, rat, (n) squeak, 11. remark; synonyms (n)
observation, regard, commentary, observance,
reflection, word, declaration, statement, quip,
annotate, (v) perceive, discern, see, detect, (adj)
attend.
syleni pronunciation; synonyms (n) diction,
accent, articulation, elocution, enunciation,
delivery, speech, inflection, pronounce, declaration,
pronouncement, delay, dialect, prolation, brogue.
sylenti 1. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description,
gossip, notice, name, fame, message, narration,
narrative, news, notification, recital, record, (v)
account, describe, communicate; antonym (n) fact,
2. rumour; synonyms (n) hearsay, (v) rumor, bruit.
sylei conversation; synonyms (n) chat, conference,
talk, colloquy, communication, discourse,
discussion, language, speech, talking, palaver,
debate, chitchat, converse, dialogue.
sylev 1. address (adres); synonyms (n) accost,
lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill, speech,
allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v) greet, call,
harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore, 2. speech
(konuma); synonyms (n) address, delivery,
expression, conversation, language, diction,
communication, discussion, elocution, converse,
dialect, talk, tongue, (v) say, saying, 3. discourse;
synonyms (n) colloquy, homily, dialogue, article,
dissertation, interview, chitchat, confabulation,
declaim, (v) chat, confer, recite, commune, preach,
rap.
soylu noble (asil); synonyms (adj) dignified,
imposing, magnificent, glorious, distinguished,
elevated, exalted, generous, high, impressive,
majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great;
antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful,
humble, dishonorable, lowly.
soyluluk nobility; synonyms (n) aristocracy,
greatness, dignity, magnanimousness, noblesse,
gentry, magnificence, goodness, rank, birth, elite,
gallantry, (adj) grandeur, generosity, magnanimity;
antonym (n) pettiness.
soymak 1. strip; synonyms (n) band, slip, (v) deprive,

(v) dress, decorate, 2. rifle (tfek); synonyms (n)
gun, firearm, (v) loot, steal, foray, reave, take, gut,
rob, search, strip, go, 3. rob; synonyms (v) filch,
pinch, pilfer, fleece, lift, purloin, pick, defraud,
hook, thieve, rape, poach, bereave, swindle,
abstract.
soysal generic; synonyms (adj) general, common,
universal, ordinary, basic, cognate, economy,
unadorned, utilitarian, generical, nonexclusive,
plain, straightforward.
soyunmak strip; synonyms (n) band, slip, (v) deprive,
(v) dress, decorate.
soyut abstract (zet); synonyms (adj) theoretical,
academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, (n) synopsis,
abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj)
concrete.
soyutlamak abstract (zet, soyut); synonyms (adj)
theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift,
antonym (adj) concrete.
sz 1. word (kelime, szck); synonyms (n)
promise, news, tidings, advice, expression,
intelligence, parole, password, report, statement,
term, vocable, (v) formulate, phrase, put, 2.
affirmation, announcement, communication,
instruction, assertion, command, description,
proposition, enunciation, profession, argument,
avowal, bill; antonym (n) denial, 3. promise (sz
vermek); synonyms (n) engagement, assurance,
bargain, engage, hope, plight, word, (v) pledge,
covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, augur, assure,
undertake, 4. speech (konuma, sylev);
synonyms (n) address, delivery, lecture,
conversation, discourse, language, sermon, diction,
discussion, elocution, converse, dialect, harangue,
(v) say, saying, 5. assurance (gvence);
synonyms (n) confidence, belief, affiance, certitude,
conviction, faith, nerve, poise, reliance, security,
sureness, trust, warrant, seal, courage; antonym (n)
insecurity, 6. commitment; synonyms (n)
dedication, charge, allegiance, appointment,
committal, devotion, loyalty, tie, commission,
confinement, consignment, debt, duty, faithfulness,
obligation, 7. engagement; synonyms (n) combat,
battle, commitment, conflict, contest, fight,
betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ,
agreement, clash, meeting, (v) action, 8.
expression (anlatm, deyim, ifade); synonyms
(n) voice, appearance, aspect, demonstration,
manifestation, articulation, express, countenance,
face, idiom, indication, look, style, tone, execution;
Turkish - English
antonym (n) repression, 9. faith (gven);
synonyms (n) credence, credit, creed, cult,
dependence, expectation, fidelity, piety, religion,
church, denomination, constancy, certainty,
doctrine, (adj) honesty; antonym (n) unbelief, 10.
say (demek, sylemek); synonyms (v) remark,
articulate, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe,
maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, guess,
relate, (n) declare, 11. talk (konuma,
konumak); synonyms (v) gossip, chatter, chat,
prattle, prate, rap, babble, parley, tattle, tongue, (n)
colloquy, dialogue, palaver, speech, parlance, 12.
undertaking; synonyms (n) enterprise, labor, task,
attempt, business, project, venture, adventure,
endeavor, job, effort, work, affair, assignment,
game, 13. saying; synonyms (v) proverb, (n)
maxim, axiom, adage, saw, aphorism, byword,
dictum, motto, locution, apothegm, clich,
platitude, sentiment, slogan, 14. voice (ses);
synonyms (n) sound, part, suffrage, vote, vox,
ballot, mouthpiece, representative, mouth, election,
interpreter, plebiscite, poll, (v) utter, vocalize.
szc 1. spokesman; synonyms (n) orator,
mouthpiece, representative, speaker, delegate,
interpreter, exponent, proponent, advocate,
chairman, foreteller, lecturer, mantis, narrator,
predicter, 2. speaker (hoparlr); synonyms (n)
loudspeaker, president, spokesman,
conversationalist, talker, utterer, principal.
szck word (kelime, sz); synonyms (n) promise,
news, tidings, advice, expression, intelligence,
parole, password, report, statement, term, vocable,
(v) formulate, phrase, put.
szde 1. nominal; synonyms (adj) titular, formal,
token, minimal, minimum, nominative, (v)
cognominal; antonym (adj) real, 2. supposed;
synonyms (adj) conjectural, alleged, assumed,
hypothetical, reputed, imaginary, putative,
apparent, ostensible, suppositional, professed,
suppositious, supposititious, pretended,
theoretical; antonym (adj) actual.
szdizim syntax (szdizimi); synonyms (n)
grammar, accidence, syntaxis, organism.
szdizimi syntax (szdizim); synonyms (n)
grammar, accidence, syntaxis, organism.
szdizimsel syntactic; synonym (adj) syntactical.
szleme 1. covenant; synonyms (n) contract,
compact, bond, arrangement, pact, concord, deed,
testament, (v) agreement, bargain, promise, vow,
agree, pledge, undertake, 2. compact; synonyms
(adj) close, dense, compendious, concise, hard, solid,
summary, thick, (n) covenant, engagement, (v)
compress, condense, consolidate, pack, concentrate;
antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse, 3.
contract; synonyms (n) charter, (v) narrow, catch,
constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, diminish,
lessen, stipulate, bind, flex, cut, (adj) abridge,
415
shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch, 4.

appointment, commitment, conflict, contest, fight,
duty, betrothal, date, employment, encounter,
employ, clash, (v) action.
szl 1. oral; synonyms (adj) spoken, vocal, unwritten,
verbal, (n) examination; antonym (adj) written, 2.
verbal; synonyms (adj) oral, literal, wordy,
talkative, exact, nominal, verbarian, choral,
expressed, rhetorical, said, singing, speaking,
stated, told.
szlk 1. dictionary; synonyms (n) lexicon,
wordbook, book, language, list, onomasticon,
reference, 2. lexicon; synonyms (n) dictionary,
vocabulary, glossary, context, jargon.
spektrum spectrum; synonyms (n) range, gamut,
rainbow, tulip, phantom, scale, (v) anamorphosis,
distortion, illusion, refraction.
speklasyon speculation; synonyms (n) hypothesis,
guess, reflection, venture, guesswork, meditation,
gamble, adventure, conjecture, supposition,
surmise, theory, risk, cogitation, assumption.
speklatif speculative; synonyms (adj) risky,
theoretical, academic, hypothetical, inquisitive,
notional, reflective, chancy, conjectural, insecure,
visionary, tentative, (v) contemplative, meditative,
pensive.
speklatr bear (ay, tamak); synonyms (v) carry,
accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow,
apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct,
convey.
sperma seed (tohum); synonyms (n) germ, issue,
posterity, root, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus,
brood, embryo, source, beginning, (v) inseminate,
plant, sow.
spesifik specific (belirli, zgl); synonyms (adj)
individual, special, concrete, exact, peculiar,
precise, definite, especial, positive, accurate, clear,
express, single, certain, (n) particular; antonyms
(adj) universal, vague, (n) general.
spiker speaker (hoparlr); synonyms (n)
loudspeaker, narrator, orator, president,
spokesman, conversationalist, chairman, talker,
utterer, principal.
spiral spiral (sarmal); synonyms (n) coil, helix,
volute, roll, spire, (adj) helical, spiraling, turbinate,
(v) curl, loop, screw, corkscrew, gyrate, circle, bend.
spor sport; synonyms (n) frolic, play, jest, pastime,
diversion, fun, romp, joke, amusement, disport,
mutant, recreation, freak, exercise, (v) gambol.
sprey spray (pskrtmek); synonyms (n) jet, mist,
froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v) shower,
splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter, spatter.
stadyum stadium; synonyms (n) arena, coliseum,
bowl, field, gymnasium, area, bowlful, circle,
416
Turkish - English
domain, enclosure, orbit, sphere, diamond, garden,

gridiron.
staj probation; synonyms (n) test, trial, verification,
discharge, freedom, (adj) apodeixis, apodixis.
stajyer trainee; synonyms (n) recruit, learner, student,
beginner, novice, tyro, scholar, employee, fledgling,
neophyte, tenderfoot, greenhorn, amateur, convert,
newcomer.
standart standard; synonyms (adj) model, normal,
regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree,
measure, average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge,
benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual,
star star (yldz); synonyms (n) asterisk, celebrity,
ace, principal, headliner, leading, luminary,
personality, champion, idol, lead, world, bigwig,
(adj) asteriated, (v) feature; antonym (n) nobody.
start start (balamak, balang, balatmak);

conclusion.
statik static (duruk); synonyms (adj) immobile,
inactive, motionless, inert, still, stagnant, fixed,
stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, quiet, rigid,
lifeless, (n) atmospherics; antonym (adj) moving.
stat status (durum); synonyms (n) position, rank,
situation, caste, condition, order, circumstance,
dignity, footing, grade, importance, posture, estate,
(adj) place, standing.
stereo stereo; synonyms (n) proof, (adj) stereophonic.
sterlin sterling; synonyms (adj) sound, fine, genuine,
pure, reliable, good, excellent, natural, superlative,
worthy, splendid, estimable, exemplary, (n) pound,
punt.
stil style; synonyms (n) fashion, name, form, kind,
method, mode, pattern, sort, cast, class, (v) call,
entitle, cut, (adj) manner, character.
stok 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak,

saklamak); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market,
business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock,
accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep,
preserve, 2. inventory (envanter); synonyms (n)
list, catalogue, index, catalog, account,
enumeration, roll, schedule, bill, table,
inventorying, listing, record, stocktaking, store, 3.
stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage,
goods, ancestry, descent, family, origin, race,
backlog, birth, commodity, extraction, (adj) regular,
(v) handle, supply, 4. fund; synonyms (n) capital,
savings, endowment, accumulation, money, (v)
bankroll, finance, back, sponsor, subsidize,
support, underwrite.
stor 1. blind (kr, kr etmek); synonyms (adj)
sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle,
obscure, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape,
trick, veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted,

2. shade (glge, glgelemek,
glgelendirmek); synonyms (n) tinge, color,
ghost, hue, blind, cloud, apparition, conceal,
darkness, dye, nuance, (v) darken, shadow, tint,
cover; antonyms (n) light, brightness.
strateji strategy; synonyms (n) dodge, plan, scheme,
strategics, game, design, (v) tactics.
stratejik strategic; synonyms (adj) important,
strategical, critical, crucial, diplomatic, calculated,
deliberate, discreet, main, major, planned,
significant, strategetical, vital, (v) timeserving.
stres stress (gerginlik); synonyms (n) accent,
emphasis, pressure, tension, force, importance,
pinch, effort, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate,
emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble.
stdyo studio; synonyms (n) atelier, cabinet,
accommodation, building, bungalow, cottage, den,
farmhouse, igloo, manor, mansion, terrace, villa,
loft.
su water (sulamak); synonyms (n) urine, moisture,
juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee, piddle, (v)
irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen, dilute.
suare evening (akam); synonyms (n) even, dusk,
dark, eve, eventide, nightfall, sunset, twilight,
night, sundown; antonyms (n) dawn, daybreak.
subay officer; synonyms (n) captain, administrator,
commander, bureaucrat, executive, officeholder,
official, agent, manager, leader, policeman,
representative, skipper, supervisor.
sbvansiyon subsidy; synonyms (n) grant, aid,
allowance, backing, support, endowment, (v)
contribution, subscription.
su 1. crime; synonyms (n) offense, blame, guilt,
injustice, transgression, villainy, evil, delinquency,
fault, iniquity, misdemeanor, sin, vice, wickedness,
wrong, 2. fault (arza, bozukluk, hata, kusur);
synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blot,
crime, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness,
default, failure, (v) deficiency, culpability;
antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3. offence;
synonyms (n) infraction, infringement,
misdemeanour, assault, offensive, umbrage,
violation, discourtesy, 4. guilt; synonyms (n)
criminality, remorse, repentance, complicity,
responsibility, guiltiness, shame; antonyms (n)
innocence, blamelessness, 5. sin (gnah
ilemek); synonyms (n) misdeed, mistake,
immorality, peccancy, unrighteousness, felony,
sine, sinning, (v) offend, err, trespass, misbehave,
lapse, fall, commit; antonyms (n) virtue, piety, 6.
blame (sulamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign,
censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide,
allegation, condemnation; antonyms (v) pardon,
absolve, praise.
Turkish - English
sulama charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden,
care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal,
assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign;
antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat.
sulamak 1. blame; synonyms (v) accuse, arraign,
censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, fault,
allegation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise, 2.
charge; synonyms (n) burden, care, command,
commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand,
direction, (v) blame, bid, load, assault, cost;
antonyms (v) request, retreat.
sulu 1. guilty; synonyms (adj) ashamed, culpable,
criminal, faulty, hangdog, wicked, chargeable,
condemned, delinquent, reprehensible, sinful,
contrite, responsible, shamefaced, sheepish;
antonyms (adj) innocent, blameless, 2. criminal;
synonyms (adj) guilty, illegal, condemnable,
miscreant, (n) convict, crook, culprit, hoodlum,
malefactor, felon, gangster, lawbreaker, outlaw,
thug, (v) wrong; antonyms (adj) law-abiding, legal,
3. offender; synonyms (n) wrongdoer, villain,
reprobate.
sululuk guilt; synonyms (n) blame, criminality, sin,
fault, remorse, repentance, complicity,
responsibility, guiltiness, shame; antonyms (n)
innocence, blamelessness.
susuz innocent (masum); synonyms (adj) harmless,
chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous,
guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless,
gullible, naive, pure, spotless; antonyms (adj) guilty,
culpable, responsible, wary, wicked.
susuzluk innocence; synonyms (n) cleanness,
blamelessness, chastity, ignorance, artlessness,
gullibility, ingenuousness, purity, innocency,
simplicity, sinlessness, virtue, candor, frankness,
honor; antonyms (n) guilt, sophistication.
sucuk sausage (sosis); synonyms (n) frankfurter,
blimp, pudding, intestine.
suikast 1. assassination; synonyms (n) homicide,
manslaughter, murder, killing, massacre, 2. plot
(arsa); synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, lot, scheme,
chart, design, graph, patch, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat,
conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer.
suistimal abuse (ktye kullanmak); synonyms (n)
affront, misuse, harm, outrage, reproach, invective,
(v) insult, mistreat, injure, assault, censure, damage,
exploit, hurt, (adj) maltreat; antonyms (v) praise,
respect.
sit suite; synonyms (n) retinue, series, entourage,
apartment, cortege, flat, train, court, battery, group,
rooms, (adj) round, succession.
skun peace (bar, huzur); synonyms (n) calm,
harmony, serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement,
amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness,
417
heartsease, order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise,

chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion.
sulamak water (su); synonyms (n) urine, moisture,
juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee, piddle, (v)
irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen, dilute.
sulanmak water (su, sulamak); synonyms (n) urine,
moisture, juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee,
piddle, (v) irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen,
dilute.
sularnda around; synonyms (adv) about,
sulh peace (bar, huzur); synonyms (n) calm,
harmony, serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement,
amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness,
heartsease, order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise,
chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion.
sulu thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean,
light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim,
sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms
(adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide,
broad, heavy, (v) thicken.
sunak altar; synonyms (n) shrine, sacristy, sanctuary.
sundurma 1. porch; synonyms (n) lobby, hall,
veranda, vestibule, balcony, door, entrance,
portico, inlet, doorway, patio, portal, chops,
conservatory, lips, 2. shed; synonyms (v) cast,
discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt,
dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin,
booth.
suni 1. artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected,
theatrical, bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced,
mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal,
hypocritical, precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural,
genuine, real, 2. imitation (taklit); synonyms (n)
counterfeit, dummy, sham, copy, forgery, mockery,
duplicate, mock, reproduction, caricature,
impersonation, (v) parody, (adj) artificial, ersatz,
replica; antonym (n) original.
sunma 1. offer; synonyms (v) give, bestow, put,
advance, extend, impart, introduce, perform,
propose, tender, lay, (n) bid, proposal, go,
proposition; antonyms (v) withdraw, refuse, 2.
presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition,
demonstration, display, introduction, performance,
offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure,
induction, intro, overture, presentment.
sunmak 1. submit; synonyms (v) comply, obey,
acquiesce, present, resign, accede, bend, convey,
defer, deliver, exhibit, give, offer, proffer, propose;
antonyms (v) withdraw, resist, 2. offer; synonyms
(v) bestow, put, advance, extend, impart, introduce,
perform, tender, lay, dedicate, (n) bid, proposal, go,
proposition, approach; antonym (v) refuse, 3.
present (armaan, hediye); synonyms (adj)
grant, confer, current, (n) gift, donation, offering,
418
Turkish - English
presentation, boon, (v) display, prefer, donate,

gratuity, award, serve, indicate; antonyms (adj)
missing, (n) past, future, history, (adv) absent, 4.
tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful,
fond, gentle, mild, frail, caring, immature, (n)
rubbery, rough, 5. prefer; synonyms (v) choose,
pick, elect, elevate, favor, like, opt, favour,
promote, select, want, dignify, fancy, desire, exalt.
snme yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return,
give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow,
sunu presentation; synonyms (n) donation,
sunucu server; synonyms (n) host, waiter, attendant,
emcee, horde, innkeeper, legion.
sunu presentation; synonyms (n) donation,
supap valve (valf); synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door,
gauge, monitor, spout.
Sper super; synonyms (adj) crack, grand, ace,
fabulous, marvelous, remarkable, sensational,
superb, terrific, wonderful, fine, great, big, (n)
superintendent, (adv) extremely; antonym (adj)
small.
spermarket supermarket; synonyms (n) store,
grocery, market, emporium, shop, bakery,
bakeshop, confectionery, dairy, delicatessen,
greengrocer.
sprnt 1. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject,
decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, (n)
antonym (v) accept, 2. rubbish; synonyms (n)
refuse, nonsense, junk, drivel, hogwash, trumpery,
dirt, falderal, absurdity, folderol, rubble,
balderdash, bull, bunk, (adj) bosh; antonym (n)
sense.
sur wall (duvar); synonyms (n) partition, bar, barrier,
bulwark, rampart, cliff, earthwork, fortification,
screen, rail, barricade, block, blockade, bolt, (v)
fence.
srahi jug; synonyms (n) jar, vase, bottle, container,
pot, bucket, jugful, pail, pitcher, tankard, (v) jail,
gaol, immure, imprison, lag.
surat 1. face (ehre, yz); synonyms (n) look, aspect,
2. map (harita); synonyms (n) design, graph, plat,
diagram, mapping, picture, correspondence, (v)
chart, plan, plot, project, 3. mug; synonyms (n)

pot, jug, chump, cup, face, kisser, sucker, tankard,
victim, fool, mugful, phiz, (v) rob, grimace, attack.
srat 1. velocity; synonyms (n) speed, celerity,
rapidity, swiftness, quickness, tempo, fleetness,
haste, fastness, dispatch, agility, (v) pace, rate,
cadence, carriage; antonym (n) slowness, 2. speed
(hz); synonyms (n) race, velocity, promptness, (v)
hasten, hurry, quicken, run, rush, accelerate, dash,
expedite, promote, shoot, dart, hurtle.
sratle fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute,
sratli 1. fast (hzl, oru); synonyms (adj) dissolute,
slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 2. quick
(abuk, hzl); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt,
active, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy,
alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious,
immediate, (adv) fast; antonym (adj) dull, 3.
express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey,
declare, demonstrate, display, mean, (adj) explicit,
direct, definite, distinct, especial, clear, exact, (n)
denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) vague, 4.
swift (hzl); synonyms (adj) fleet, lively, sudden,
abrupt, express, ready, sprightly, impetuous,
unexpected, keen, brief, impulsive, meteoric, (n)
cylinder, (adv) swiftly; antonym (adj) considered.
srme 1. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake,
improve, 2. trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion,
expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, run, drive,
misstep, ride, (v) journey, slip, stumble, skip,
tumble; antonym (v) fix.
srmek trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion,
srdr resume; synonyms (v) recover, continue,
regain, restart, summarize, outline, revert, adopt,
renew, (n) digest, synopsis, abstract, summary,
epitome, recapitulation.
srdrme continuation (devam); synonyms (n)
continuance, sequel, resumption, maintenance,
elongation, postscript, duration, extension,
supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end.
srdrmek 1. continue; synonyms (v) abide, remain,
endure, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be, extend,
last, maintain, persist, preserve, (n) hold, (adj)
prolong; antonyms (v) stop, end, cease,
discontinue, 2. maintain (bakmak, korumak);
synonyms (v) continue, justify, affirm, allege, assert,
Turkish - English
aver, conserve, declare, defend, guard, bear, insist,
support, uphold, carry; antonyms (v) deny, change,
3. pursue; synonyms (v) chase, follow, dog, hunt,
prosecute, course, haunt, hound, stalk, tail,
conduct, practice, court, engage, harass, 4.

synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, comfort,
maintenance, patronage, endorsement, (v) assist,
prop, back, brace, encourage, boost, confirm,
sustain; synonyms (v) suffer, have, relieve,
strengthen, bolster, experience, nourish, nurture,
receive, retain, substantiate, buoy, survive, foster,
(n) fortify, 6. wage (maa); synonyms (n) salary,
pay, fee, payment, income, allowance, earnings,
remuneration, stipend, (v) fight, pursue, hire.
sre 1. duration; synonyms (n) length, continuation,
continuance, period, standing, stretch, time,
distance, age, permanency, span, continuity,
endurance, course, space, 2. time (saat, zaman);
synonyms (n) hour, moment, duration, epoch, era,
measure, season, day, spell, instant, interval,
tempo, sentence, beat, occasion; antonym (n) death,
3. period (devir, dnem, nokta); synonyms (n)
dot, point, generation, conclusion, cycle,
menstruation, stage, mark, lifetime, catamenia,
date, flow, menses, phase, reign, 4. interval
(aralk); synonyms (n) intermission, interruption,
break, interlude, hiatus, gap, interim, pause,
respite, cessation, rest, delay, interstice, blank, lull,
5. term (terim); synonyms (n) name, expression,
style, title, boundary, limit, stipulation, phrase,
tenure, appellation, bound, condition, (v) call,
designate, entitle, 6. length (boy, uzunluk);
synonyms (n) extent, range, compass, depth,
degree, breadth, height, (v) expanse, tract, area;
antonyms (n) briefness, shortness, width, 7. space
(alan, aralk, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) opening,
place, scope, void, margin, emptiness, latitude,
location, room, field, volume, berth, cosmos,
leeway, (v) separate, 8. while; synonyms (conj) as,
whereas, although, though, (n) bit, piece, (prep)
during, (adv) when, whilst, because, 9. season;
synonyms (n) opportunity, (v) flavor, mature, inure,
salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, spice,
temper, sauce, (adj) harden, habituate.
sre process; synonyms (n) operation, proceeding,
method, procedure, act, course, formula,
outgrowth, means, mode, practice, (v) action,
function, refine, litigate.
srekli 1. continuous; synonyms (adj) constant,
continual, ceaseless, endless, perpetual, running,
chronic, consecutive, continued, eternal,
everlasting, incessant, unbroken, unending,
uninterrupted; antonyms (adj) intermittent,
419
temporary, discontinuous, sporadic, 2. continual;

synonyms (adj) continuous, frequent, lasting,
perennial, permanent, persistent, unrelenting,
nonstop, regular, repeated, unceasing, 3.
permanent (kalc); synonyms (adj) durable, fixed,
fast, enduring, immutable, indelible, abiding,
continuing, immortal, standing, stationary,
unchangeable, undying, (v) firm, (n) perm;
consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent, uniform,
agreeable, compatible, congruous, logical,
conformable, consonant, unchanging, concurrent,
unvarying, accordant, equable, invariable,
legitimate; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic,
5. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post, (n) rank,
motionless, continuance, 6. running; synonyms (v)
active, (adj) flowing, operative, working,
functioning, moving, live, fluid, (n) course, motion,
administration, operation, run, performance,
handling, 7. steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure,
resolute, stable, cool, sedate, settled, consistent,
certain, determined, smooth, (v) steadfast, calm,
brace, loyal; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky,
wobbly, 8. constant (deimez, sabit);
synonyms (adj) steady, changeless, faithful,
assiduous, devoted, habitual, reliable, solid,
unflagging, unremitting, tenacious, dogged,
dutiful, immovable, inflexible; antonyms (adj)
changeable, irregular, variable, episodic,
inconstant, disloyal, fickle, occasional, 9. chronic
(kronik); synonyms (adj) confirmed, inveterate,
accustomed, prolonged, usual.
sreklilik continuity; synonyms (n) continuation,
coherence, continuance, duration, persistence,
concatenation, sequence, perseverance, run, series,
chain, constancy, continency, course, flow;
antonym (n) discontinuity.
suret copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation, trace,
srg 1. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v)
bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp,
devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v)
nibble, unbolt, unlock, 2. slide (kayma, slayt);
synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency,
gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast,
skid, descend, (adj) shift.
srglemek bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin,
catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape,
decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms
420
Turkish - English
srgl sliding; synonyms (adj) gliding, down,

downhill, descending, downward, labent, elusory,
telescopic, (n) slipping, skating, shifting.
srgn 1. exile; synonyms (n) banishment,
deportation, expulsion, deportee, outcast, refugee,
emigrant, expatriation, (v) banish, expatriate,
deport, expel, eject, proscribe, (adj) exclude;
antonym (v) repatriate, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud,
transportation; synonyms (n) exile, carriage,
freight, shipping, transfer, transit, traffic,
transference, ecstasy, rapture, transferral, (v)
transport, conveyance, transmission.
srme 1. continuation (devam); synonyms (n)
supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end, 2.
driving; synonyms (adj) dynamic, energetic,
enterprising, impulsive, pushing, driven, vigorous,
torrential, virile, compulsive, heavy, lively, (n)
drive, push, travel.
srmek 1. drive; synonyms (n) ride, force, campaign,
crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate,
chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry; antonyms
(n) apathy, inertia, 2. last (geen, son); synonyms
antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 3. continue
(srdrmek); synonyms (v) remain, keep,
persevere, sustain, bide, be, extend, last, maintain,
persist, preserve, proceed, resume, stand, (adj)
prolong; antonyms (v) stop, end, cease,
discontinue, 4. exile; synonyms (n) banishment,
deportation, expulsion, deportee, outcast, refugee,
emigrant, expatriation, (v) banish, expatriate,
deport, expel, eject, proscribe, (adj) exclude;
antonym (v) repatriate, 5. apply (Uygula,
uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote,
employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use, utilize,
lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate, (n)
give.
srpriz surprise; synonyms (n) fright, amazement,
astonishment, surprisal, wonder, admiration, (v)
astound, alarm, amaze, astonish, shock, startle, jolt,
stun, catch.
sr 1. flock; synonyms (n) bunch, crowd, cluster,
band, bevy, congregation, covey, gang, herd,
horde, pack, troop, (v) assemble, mass, (adj) swarm,
2. herd; synonyms (n) flock, drove, crew, mob,
multitude, company, ruck, school, throng, (v) drive,
(adj) shoal, 3. pack (paket, paketlemek);
synonyms (n) bundle, batch, backpack, box,
package, knapsack, bag, (v) compress, heap, cram,
fill, jam, load, carry, compact; antonym (v) unpack,
4. gang; synonyms (n) circle, association, faction,
team, assemblage, clique, club, group, knot, ring,

set, clump, corporation, coterie, (adj) go.
src 1. driver (ofr); synonyms (n) coachman,
postboy, club, chaser, commuter, hoistman,
pursuer, spanker, 2. drive (srmek); synonyms
(n) ride, force, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause,
ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge,
coerce, beat, carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia.
srkleme drag (ekmek, srklemek); synonyms
(v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave,
lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance;
antonym (v) push.
srklemek 1. drag (ekmek, srkleme);

synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart,
hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore,
hindrance; antonym (v) push, 2. drift (sapma,
srklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current,
course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v)
aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 3.
trail (iz, izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track,
trace, path, trudge, pathway, scent, (v) drag, hunt,
tail, chase, pursue, train, dog, lag, shadow.
srklenme drift (sapma); synonyms (n) stream,
current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design,
gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj)
flow.
srklenmek 1. drift (sapma, srklenme);

tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float,
ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 2. trail (iz, izlemek,
patika); synonyms (n) track, trace, path, trudge, (v)
haul, drag, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, train, draw,
tow, dog, pull.
srm 1. version (eviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n)
reading, translation, construction, interpretation,
rendering, rendition, variation, account,
description, variant, lection, report, story,
explanation, paraphrase, 2. sale (sat); synonyms
(n) fair, disposal, demand, market, vend, vendition,
outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission,
escape, festival, fte, (adj) cheap.
srmek drag (ekmek, srkleme,

srklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw,
puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull,
bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push.
srnmek 1. drag (ekmek, srkleme,

bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push, 2. trail
(iz, izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track, trace,
path, course, trudge, pathway, scent, (v) drag, hunt,
tail, chase, pursue, train, dog, lag.
sus mum; synonyms (n) mama, mamma, mammy,
mater, mom, momma, mommy, mother, secrecy,
mummy, (adj) silent, dumb, mute, quiet, taciturn.
Turkish - English
ss decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n)
embroidery.
susam dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid,
(v) drench.
suskun silent; synonyms (adj) motionless, dumb,
mute, tacit, hush, inarticulate, inaudible,
incommunicative, mum, noiseless, placid, reserved,
reticent, still, (adv) quiet; antonyms (adj) noisy,
spoken, loud, talkative, explicit, open.
ssleme decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n)
embroidery.
sslemek 1. grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor,
dress, embroider, 2. dress (elbise); synonyms (n)
attire, costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes,
frock, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust,
bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress, 3. figure
(figr, ekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance,
character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour,
emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count, calculate,
cipher, 4. deck (deste); synonyms (n) terrace,
bridge, ground, pack, pile, porch, carped, veranda,
(v) floor, ornament, bedight, grace, equip, coldcock.
ssleyici decorative (dekoratif); synonyms (adj)
ornamental, fancy, ornate, artistic, cosmetic,
embellishing, enhancing, diagrammatic, drawn,
elaborate, floral, florid, graceful, illustrative,
pictorial; antonym (adj) plain.
Ssl fancy; synonyms (v) daydream, imagine, wish,
consider, crotchet, envision, (adj) conceive,
elaborate, extravagant, (n) desire, caprice, fantasy,
dream, conceit, conception; antonyms (adj) plain,
unadorned, (n) reality.
susma silence (sessizlik); synonyms (n) quiet, calm,
lull, mum, muteness, quietness, (v) still, allay, mute,
pacify, gag, muffle, muzzle, (int) hush, (adj) appease;
antonyms (n) noise, sound.
sspansiyon suspension; synonyms (n) delay,
postponement, reprieve, stay, rest.
sssz 1. plain (ak, dz); synonyms (adj) ordinary,
manifest, obvious, simple, (n) flat; antonyms (adj)
421
elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored,

ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, twocolored, 2. stark; synonyms (adj) austere, bare,
bleak, desolate, mere, plain, severe, bald, positive,
absolute, barren, harsh, sheer, naked, nude.
susturmak 1. silence (sessizlik); synonyms (n)
quiet, calm, lull, mum, muteness, quietness, (v) still,
allay, mute, pacify, gag, muffle, muzzle, (int) hush,
(adj) appease; antonyms (n) noise, sound, 2. still;
synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj)
peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, inactive,
motionless, peace, (v) assuage, compose, soothe,
ease; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy,
windy, (n) noisy, 3. quiet (sakin, sessiz);
synonyms (adj) cool, gentle, placid, tranquil,
tranquilize, collected, composed, dull, harmonious,
hushed, (v) moderate, easy, repose, (n) peacefulness,
alleviate; antonyms (adj) loud, talkative, vociferous,
active.
susuz dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren,
boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain,
(v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting,
drench.
st milk; synonyms (v) exploit, squeeze, drain, tap,
anodyne, balm, bleed, (adj) albumen, chalk, glair,
gluten.
sthane dairy; synonyms (n) farm, laundry, bakery,
bakeshop, confectionery, delicatessen, greengrocer,
grocery, supermarket, buttery, factory, pasteurizer.
stun column (kolon); synonyms (n) pillar,
tower, minaret.
sveter sweater (kazak); synonym (n) perspirer.
szge filter (szmek); synonyms (n) strainer, (v)
percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify,
permeate; antonym (v) contaminate.
szgn drawn; synonyms (adj) haggard, careworn,
worn, gaunt, pinched, taut, cadaverous, tired.
szmek 1. filter (szge); synonyms (n) strainer, (v)
percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify,
permeate; antonym (v) contaminate, 2. drain;
(v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, consume, finish,
sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate, spill; antonym (v) bolster.
szlmek filter (szge, szmek); synonyms (n)
strainer, (v) percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate,
ooze, purify, refine, screen, strain, dribble, drop,
clean, permeate; antonym (v) contaminate.
422
Turkish - English
ablon pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design,

(v) mould.
afak dawn; synonyms (n) beginning,
commencement, aurora, cockcrow, morning, onset,
origin, prime, start, sunrise, birth, (v) break, begin,
appear, (adj) daybreak; antonyms (n) dusk, sunset,
twilight, (v) end, finish.
aft shaft; synonyms (n) arrow, handle, axis, beam,
pit, dart, pillar, axle, bar, lance, mine, post, ray,
well, (v) cheat.
ah check (ek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms
(v) bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain,
bar, dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill,
cheque.
ahane 1. fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre,
extraordinary, antic, extravagant, grotesque,
marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful, capricious,
chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, (n) fanciful, (v)
fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, ordinary, real, 2.
tremendous; synonyms (adj) enormous, fantastic,
immense, dreadful, huge, formidable, gigantic,
mighty, fearful, great, prodigious, terrible, vast,
massive, rattling; antonym (adj) insignificant, 3.
royal; synonyms (adj) regal, imperial, majestic,
magnificent, kingly, noble, princely, purple,
sovereign, stately, grand, grandiose, imposing,
monarchical, splendid.
ahs 1. person (kii); synonyms (n) fellow, human,
individual, man, being, body, character, creature,
mortal, soul, life, homo, form, organism, (v) party;
antonym (n) automaton, 2. individual (birey,
bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular,
single, different, alone, certain, characteristic,
distinctive, especial, exclusive, singular, sole,
solitary, special, (n) person; antonyms (adj) joint,
combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n)
collective, 3. party; synonyms (n) gang, band,
company, assembly, association, crew, gathering,
group, affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction,
meeting.
ahit witness; synonyms (n) spectator, testimony,
bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, evidence,
observer, testifier, beholder, proof, (v) attest,
observe, notice, see, view; antonym (n) participant.
ahitlik 1. evidence (kant); synonyms (n)
confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument,
display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2.
testimony; synonyms (n) declaration, evidence,
testimonial, statement, affidavit, affirmation,
profession, deposition, certificate, avowal,

verification, authority, speech, (v) witness, record.
ahlanmak rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n)
posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed,
nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build;
antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front.
ahmerdan ram (ko); synonyms (n) tup, (v) beat,
cram, crash, drive, jam, pack, push, force, fill,
bump, pound, press, squeeze, stuff.
ahsen personally; synonyms (adv) individually,
directly, confidentially, intimately, privately,
specially, well, secretly, separately, closely,
individualistically, instinctively, intuitively,
narrowly, particularly.
ahsi personal (kiisel); synonyms (adj) individual,
own, particular, human, intimate, peculiar, private,
direct, proper, subjective, physical, confidential,
especial, original, privy; antonyms (adj) public,
general.
ahsiyet 1. personality (kiilik); synonyms (n)
individuality, person, celebrity, character, identity,
nature, characteristic, disposition, temperament,
essence, individualism, name, being,
distinctiveness, self; antonym (n) nobody, 2. figure
(figr, ekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance,
estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem,
fashion, image, (v) design, cast, count, calculate,
cipher.
air poet; synonyms (n) bard, author, maker, lyricist,
muse, manufacturer, meditate, muset, novelist,
playwright, writer, artist, balladist, critic,
dilettante.
airane poetic; synonyms (adj) poetical, romantic,
artistic, beauteous, fanciful, graphic, imaginative,
anapestic, beautiful, dactylic, dramatic, emotional,
epic, epical, epodic.
aka 1. fun (elence); synonyms (adj) amusing,
entertaining, (n) amusement, enjoyment, frolic,
entertainment, play, recreation, comedy, delight,
diversion, humor, jest, merriment, (v) banter;
antonym (n) misery, 2. joke; synonyms (n) hoax,
fun, caper, gag, game, quip, antic, farce, jape,
jocularity, pleasantry, prank, pun, (v) chaff, tease;
antonym (n) tragedy.
akak temple (tapnak); synonyms (n) church,
tabernacle, shrine, brow, synagogue, forehead,
chapel, kirk, meetinghouse, basilica, chantry,
conventicle, memorial, oratory, side.
akmak sing (tmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn,
chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol,
snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n)
squeak.
alter switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane,
Turkish - English
amata riot; synonyms (n) revolt, disturbance,
commotion, disorder, insurrection, mutiny,
sedition, tumult, rebellion, brawl, fight, (v) rebel,
carouse, (adj) hubbub, uproar.
ampiyon champion; synonyms (n) advocate, backer,
exponent, paladin, patron, (v) defend, support,
back, maintain; antonym (v) oppose.
ampiyonluk championship; synonyms (n) backing,
patronage, support, title.
an 1. glory; synonyms (n) fame, celebrity, brightness,
honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity, eclat,
eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult, boast,
2. fame (n); synonyms (n) report, reputation,
bruit, prestige, renown, buzz, hearsay, kudos,
name, notoriety, rumor, character, regard, (v) cry,
esteem; antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity,
anonymity.
anl glorious; synonyms (adj) famous, distinguished,
bright, brilliant, celebrated, illustrious, eminent,
great, magnificent, splendid, super, proud,
resplendent, superb, lofty.
ans 1. luck; synonyms (n) chance, fortune, accident,
destiny, fate, hazard, lot, advantage, hap, portion,
coincidence, circumstances; antonym (n)
misfortune, 2. hazard (tehlike); synonyms (n)
risk, venture, danger, peril, jeopardy, bet, difficulty,
insecurity, (v) endanger, adventure, gamble, wager,
dare, stake, jeopardize; antonym (n) safety, 3. hit
(isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt,
blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang,
smash, touch, bash, beat, collision, play; antonyms
(n) failure, flop, 4. fortune; synonyms (n) estate,
fluke, luck, means, abundance, assets, doom,
riches, wealth, blessing, substance, affluence,
prosperity, treasure, capital, 5. odds; synonyms (n)
likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness,
chances, prospect, handicap, superiority, edge, (v)
difference, dissension, misunderstanding, variance,
6. chance; synonyms (n) opportunity, break,
contingency, random, turn, haphazard, happening,
hope, (adj) accidental, casual, fortuitous,
inadvertent, (v) befall, happen, come; antonyms (n)
predictability, (adj) deliberate, intentional, (v)
design, plan, 7. show (gsteri, gstermek);
indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence,
(n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce,
ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal,
disprove, hide, 8. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot,
injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture,
attempt, bullet, discharge, effort, endeavor, guess,
(adj) iridescent.
ansl 1. lucky; synonyms (adj) auspicious, favorable,
propitious, prosperous, favourable, successful,
flourishing, advantageous, blessed, chance, good,
providential, (n) happy, favored, (v) fortunate;
423
antonyms (adj) unlucky, hapless, ill-fated,

unfortunate, 2. fortunate; synonyms (adj) lucky,
fortuitous, well, felicitous, golden, advantaged,
desirable, hopeful.
anssz 1. unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious,
fortunate, lucky, 2. unhappy (mutsuz);
synonyms (adj) unfortunate, depressed, dismal,
gloomy, melancholy, disconsolate, distressed, low,
miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast,
mournful, sorry, unpleasant; antonyms (adj) happy,
cheerful, pleased, satisfied.
aprdatmak lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle,
circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind,
(adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace,
enclose, beset.
aprt lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold,
coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv)
beset.
apka hat; synonyms (n) cap, chapeau, lid, sou'wester,
bonus, eyelid, palpebra, (adj) hot.
arap wine; synonyms (n) vintage, vino, red,
intoxication, (v) entertain, (adj) lavender, lilac,
mauve, plum, violet, amethyst.
arj load (yk, yklemek); synonyms (n) charge,
cargo, freight, stack, heap, pack, weight,
consignment, lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill,
encumber, pile, lade; antonym (v) unload.
arjr magazine (dergi); synonyms (n) journal,
cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip,
entrepot, mag, comic, depository, arsenal, monthly,
pamphlet, weekly, (v) store.
ark song; synonyms (n) melody, air, strain, cry,
warble, poem, tune, call, chanson, canticle, (v) ditty,
chant, sing, (adj) lay, ballad.
arkc singer; synonyms (n) vocalist, musician,
warbler, soloist, entertainer, artist, artiste, cantor,
composer, conductor, informer, instrumentalist,
performer, player, precentor.
art 1. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain,
file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank,
condition; synonyms (n) circumstance, position,
provision, status, standing, attitude, circumstances,
clause, predicament, state, term, complaint,
affection, (v) aspect, provide, 3. reservation
(rezervasyon); synonyms (n) reserve, limitation,
booking, condition, qualification, modesty,
exception, constraint, order, doubt, misgiving,
query, saving, uncertainty; antonym (n) certainty.
artl qualified; synonyms (adj) competent, capable,
eligible, efficient, conditional, fit, proficient, able,
clever, expert, adequate, certified, limited,
424
Turkish - English
restricted, fitted; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total,

unofficial, definite.
artname specification; synonyms (n) designation,
aryo carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport,
posture, (v) bearing.
arma astonishment; synonyms (n) amazement,
admiration, wonder, surprise, wonderment,
confusion, consternation, awe.
artc 1. amazing; synonyms (adj) astonishing,
terrific, wonderful, astounding, awesome,
breathtaking, extraordinary, fabulous, impressive,
incredible, prodigious, spectacular, stupendous,
surprising, tremendous; antonyms (adj) mundane,
ordinary, 2. astonishing; synonyms (adj) amazing,
strange, striking, fantastic, miraculous, remarkable,
shocking, staggering, startling, stunning,
stupefying, wondrous, unbelievable, unexpected,
(n) marvelous; antonym (adj) unremarkable, 3.
surprising; synonyms (adj) unusual, odd,
uncommon, unforeseen; antonym (adj)
unsurprising.
artmak 1. floor (taban, zemin); synonyms (n)
bed, level, base, layer, bottom, flooring, ground,
platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun,
baffle; antonym (n) top, 2. surprise (srpriz);
synonyms (n) fright, amazement, astonishment,
surprisal, wonder, admiration, (v) astound, alarm,
amaze, astonish, shock, startle, jolt, catch, bewilder,
3. fog (sis); synonyms (n) cloud, haze, vapor,
brume, confusion, daze, damp, smoke, (v) mist,
confuse, blur, dim, becloud, befog, darken, 4.
gravel; synonyms (n) grit, (v) bedevil, get, nonplus,
rag, flummox, mystify, perplex, puzzle, vex, annoy,
(adj) bother, dirt, grating, gravelly, 5. stick
(yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere,
stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix,
bind, cleave, fasten, hold.
aknlk 1. wonder (hayret); synonyms (v) admire,
query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel,
prodigy, admiration, amazement, astonishment,
miracle, surprise, muse, phenomenon,
wonderment, 2. surprise (srpriz); synonyms (n)
fright, surprisal, wonder, (v) astound, alarm, amaze,
astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch, bewilder,
confound, stagger, 3. amazement; synonyms (n)
consternation, stupor, 4. astonishment;
synonyms (n) confusion, awe.
amak wonder (hayret); synonyms (v) admire,
query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel,
prodigy, admiration, amazement, astonishment,
miracle, surprise, muse, phenomenon,
wonderment.
amaz steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure,

constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool,
incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm,
ato castle (kale); synonyms (n) rook, citadel,
fortification, fortress, castling, fort, keep, mansion,
palace, stronghold, tower, house, chateau, court, (v)
donjon.
ayia rumour; synonyms (n) hearsay, (v) rumor, bruit.
ebeke 1. network (a); synonyms (n) net, grid,
mesh, netting, reticulation, meshwork, web,
grating, lattice, system, complex, (v) link,
communicate, contact, exchange, 2. system
(sistem); synonyms (n) method, arrangement,
network, organization, plan, order, means,
structure, process, form, frame, rule, establishment,
mode, organisation.
ef 1. chief (ana, ba); synonyms (adj) head, principal,
cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential, first, main,
(n) administrator, boss, captain, executive, leader,
paramount; antonyms (adj) minor, associate,
secondary, 2. head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n)
chief, front, point, foam, froth, crown, chieftain,
chair, brain, commander, director, end, (v) direct,
lead, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v)
follow, 3. captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) master,
commodore, guide, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v)
govern, manage, 4. chef; synonyms (n) cook,
baker.
effaf transparent (saydam); synonyms (adj)
diaphanous, lucid, obvious, plain, luminous, filmy,
limpid, sheer, crystalline, gauzy, pellucid,
gossamer, apparent, (n) clear, bright; antonyms (adj)
opaque, solid.
efkat 1. kindness; synonyms (n) benevolence,
clemency, compassion, courtesy, generosity,
affection, benignity, consideration, cordiality,
favor, friendliness, gentleness, goodness, grace,
graciousness; antonyms (n) unkindness,
callousness, cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite,
unfriendliness, maliciousness, 2. compassion;
synonyms (n) pity, mercy, charity, commiseration,
sympathy, forgiveness, remorse, tenderness,
condolence, feeling, humanity, leniency, warmth,
empathy, (adj) kindness; antonym (n) indifference,
3. sympathy; synonyms (n) rapport,
understanding, agreement, comfort, compatibility,
support, affinity, concern, consolation, goodwill,
kindheartedness, regard, sensitivity, (adj)
fraternization, rapprochement.
efkatli charitable; synonyms (adj) merciful,
nasty, uncharitable.
Turkish - English
ehir 1. city (kent); synonyms (n) town, borough,
burgh, metropolis, municipality, village, (adj)
municipal, civic, urban, public; antonym (adj) rural,
2. town (kent); synonyms (n) city, township,
community, townspeople, civilization, (adj) local.
ehvetli hot (scak); synonyms (adj) warm, ardent,
boiling, burning, feverish, fiery, flaming, fresh,
blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery,
pungent, spicy; antonyms (adj) mild, cool, cold,
freezing, airy, bland, chilly.
ehzade prince (prens); synonyms (n) monarch,
potentate, duke, sovereign, king, chief, ruler,
magnate.
eker 1. sugar; synonyms (n) honey, darling,
carbohydrate, saccharide, love, beloved, baby, (v)
saccharify, sweeten, (adj) dear, 2. sweet (tatl);
synonyms (adj) delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow,
lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing,
sugary, charming, delightful, fragrant, honeyed, (n)
ekerim 1. honey (bal); synonyms (n) darling, dear,
molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten, 2. sugar
(eker); synonyms (n) honey, carbohydrate,
saccharide, (v) saccharify.
ekil 1. figure (figr); synonyms (n) form,
contour, emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count,
calculate, cipher, 2. shape (biim); synonyms (n)
mold, figure, pattern, condition, configuration,
frame, (v) model, mould, determine, make, adjust,
carve, construct, fit, influence, 3. form (biim,
form); synonyms (n) arrange, ceremony, class,
conformation, manner, type, (v) constitute,
establish, create, do, compose, comprise, contrive,
devise, generate, 4. line (izgi, hat); synonyms (n)
cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage,
field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease,
row, (v) order, 5. image (grnt, resim);
synonyms (n) picture, fancy, conception, effigy,
idea, impression, resemblance, double, epitome,
icon, idol, imagination, photograph, (v) depict,
envision.
ekillendirmek shape (biim, ekil); synonyms (n)
cast, mold, figure, pattern, build, condition,
configuration, (v) form, fashion, model, mould,
determine, make, adjust, carve.
ema diagram (diyagram); synonyms (n) design,
chart, sketch, figure, graph, drawing, illustration,
outline, picture, plat, (adj) plan, (v) plot.
emsiye umbrella; synonyms (n) parasol, sunshade,
shelter, canopy, cover, protection, screen, shield,
tent, awning, covert, marquee, tilt, (adj)
comprehensive.
en 1. cheerful; synonyms (adj) buoyant, breezy,
blithe, bright, carefree, glad, merry, optimistic,
425
pleasant, airy, animated, brisk, chipper,

comfortable, contented; antonyms (adj) depressed,
gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected, depressing, grim,
hopeless, miserable, morose, somber,
unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, dull, 2. gay;
synonyms (adj) cheerful, convivial, festive, gaudy,
brave, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, jovial,
jocular, colorful, (n) homosexual, gallant, lesbian.
enlik festival; synonyms (n) feast, carnival, fete,
celebration, fair, festivity, holiday, fte, fiesta, gala,
jamboree, party, anniversary, (adj) ball.
eref 1. glory (an); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity,
boast, 2. honour; synonyms (n) award, accolade,
innocence, awarding, laurels, (v) esteem, respect,
celebrate, observe, reward, comply, detect,
discover, find, follow; antonym (v) dishonor.
ereflendirmek grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor,
dress, embroider.
erefli glorious; synonyms (adj) famous,
distinguished, bright, brilliant, celebrated,
illustrious, eminent, great, magnificent, splendid,
super, proud, resplendent, superb, lofty.
erit 1. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set,
knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine, 2. cord
(kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tie,
twine, tape, rope, thread, whipcord, yarn, leash,
fiber, cable, corduroy, strand, 3. ribbon; synonyms
(n) riband, shred, strip, decoration, medal, ribband,
belt, fascia, palm, fillet, stripe, laurels, medallion, 4.
tape (bant); synonyms (n) ribbon, cassette, seal, (v)
record, videotape, video, 5. strip; synonyms (n)
slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle,
denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare,
bereave; antonyms (v) dress, decorate, 6. string
range, cord, filament, rank, series, sequence,
procession, train, wire, drawstring, (v) run, (adj) line.
ev slope; synonyms (n) incline, declivity, dip, decline,
descent, fall, grade, gradient, hill, inclination, (v)
pitch, slant, cant, lean, bank.
evk 1. glow; synonyms (n) beam, color, glare,
sparkle, blaze, flash, (v) blush, flush, gleam,
glimmer, shine, burn, flare, fire, flame; antonym (n)
dullness, 2. enthusiasm; synonyms (n) eagerness,
ardor, devotion, passion, animation, craze, zeal,
ebullience, ecstasy, gusto, inspiration, interest,
keenness, life, (adj) fervor; antonyms (n) apathy,
indifference, lethargy.
ey 1. thing; synonyms (n) matter, affair, event, object,
occurrence, article, concern, happening, something,
substance, being, occasion, incident, business,
deed, 2. stuff; synonyms (n) material, cloth, force,
426
Turkish - English
gear, goods, (v) cram, fill, jam, pack, pad, ram,

squeeze, glut, gorge, load; antonym (v) unstuff, 3.
object (ama, nesne); synonyms (n) design, aim,
cause, end, intent, intention, meaning, mark,
subject, drift, goal, (v) except, mind, complain,
demur; antonym (v) agree, 4. well (iyi); synonyms
(adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully,
good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n)
fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill,
badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous.
eytan devil; synonyms (n) demon, fiend, ghost,
daemon, deuce, monster, imp, rogue, (v) rag,
torment, harass, bedevil, crucify, annoy, bother.
ezlong lounge; synonyms (n) couch, saunter, sofa,
relax, sprawl, bask, lie.
iddet 1. violence; synonyms (n) rage, fierceness,
force, fury, ferocity, intensity, strength, vehemence,
impetuosity, might, outrage, power, brutality,
storm, heat; antonyms (n) gentleness, peacefulness,
2. intensity (younluk); synonyms (n)
forcefulness, depth, volume, emphasis, energy,
forte, glow, passion, severity, vigor, wildness,
chroma, acuteness, brilliance, greatness; antonyms
(n) dullness, indifference, weakness, 3. impetus;
synonyms (n) impulse, drive, impulsion, goad,
incentive, momentum, spur, stimulus, thrust, urge,
motivation, propulsion, stimulant, drift, 4. force
(g, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) agency,
effect, enforce, impetus, violence, (v) coerce,
pressure, squeeze, compel, cram, impel, press,
push, ram, (adj) constrain; antonym (n) persuasion,
5. severity; synonyms (n) cruelty, austerity,
harshness, rigor, asperity, inclemency, roughness,
gravity, difficulty, grimness, hardness, hardship,
inflexibility, rigorousness, rigour; antonyms (n)
leniency, clemency, flexibility, pleasantness, 6.
strength (g, kuvvet); synonyms (n) firmness,
endurance, potency, stability, health, soundness,
amount, brawn, fortitude, lustiness, magnitude,
muscle, solidity, stoutness, (v) capacity; antonyms
(n) frailty, flaw, shortcoming.
iddetli 1. bitter (ac, keskin); synonyms (adj)
acrimonious, biting, acrid, sharp, acerbic, acid,
caustic, keen, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent,
acerb, cutting, (n) acerbity; antonyms (adj) mild,
sweet, charitable, hot, kind, sugary, 2. acute;
synonyms (adj) incisive, intense, penetrating,
critical, piercing, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart,
strong, acuate, discerning, discriminating, grave, (v)
high; antonyms (adj) dull, obtuse, 3. heavy (ar);
synonyms (adj) deep, dark, dense, fat, full, gross,
hard, arduous, bulky, burdensome, grievous,
oppressive, thick, compact, ample; antonyms (adj)
light, easy, slim, thin, slight, gentle, puny, skinny,
4. severe; synonyms (adj) harsh, austere, rigid,
inclement, rigorous, rough, bad, grim, heavy,
serious, strict, acute, atrocious, bitter, (v) poignant;

antonyms (adj) lenient, lax, 5. intense; synonyms
(adj) bright, ardent, brilliant, fervent, fierce, burning,
energetic, extreme, fiery, furious, heated, rich,
impassioned, heartfelt, (v) vivid; antonyms (adj)
calm, weak, imperceptible, 6. drastic; synonyms
(adj) desperate, sweeping, ultra, thorough,
escharotic, stiff, tough, dire, forcible, essential,
fundamental, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant,
immoderate, 7. furious; synonyms (adj) angry,
violent, enraged, ferocious, frantic, vehement, wild,
boisterous, frenzied, infuriated, raging, rampant,
angered, cross, impetuous, 8. hard (sert);
synonyms (adj) difficult, callous, cruel, grueling,
knotty, alcoholic, backbreaking, complicated, dour,
dry, rocky, rugged, (adv) firm, fast, firmly;
antonyms (adj) soft, merciful, simple, soggy, tender,
yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 9. hot (scak);
synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, feverish, flaming,
fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, peppery,
pungent, spicy, new, close, gingery, glowing;
antonyms (adj) cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland,
chilly, 10. exquisite; synonyms (adj) beautiful,
elegant, delicate, excellent, dainty, gorgeous,
admirable, choice, heavenly, wonderful, charming,
fair, fine, graceful, (v) delightful; antonym (adj)
everyday, 11. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly,
barbaric, barbarous, bestial, savage, truculent,
unkind, vicious, barbarian, boarish, inhuman,
pitiless, ruthless, brutish, fell; antonym (adj) liberal,
12. vicious; synonyms (adj) evil, depraved, brutal,
malevolent, venomous, wicked, immoral, nasty,
corrupt, poisonous, spiteful, hurtful, profligate,
mischievous, reprobate; antonym (adj) friendly, 13.
strong; synonyms (adj) powerful, able, stable,
steady, cogent, durable, good, influential, lusty,
potent, robust, secure, solid, sound, (v) steadfast;
antonyms (adj) faint, feeble, frail, pale,
unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted,
flimsy, lightweight, tired, watery, 14. rigorous;
synonyms (adj) precise, accurate, exact, exacting,
stern, inflexible, stringent, nice, careful,
demanding, meticulous, relentless, narrow, correct,
laborious, 15. violent; synonyms (adj)
tempestuous, turbulent, passionate, stormy,
tumultuous, rude, forceful, lawless, mighty,
tearing, unruly, rabid, bloody, (n) outrageous,
vigorous; antonyms (adj) peaceful, nonviolent, 16.
smart (akgz); synonyms (adj) crafty, dapper,
quick, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent,
jaunty, lively, natty, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain;
unkempt, slow.
ifa cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote, medicine,
salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy, (v) correct,
help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve, restore.
Turkish - English
ifre code (kod, kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher,
charter, law, act, key, rule, codex, canon,
constitution, regulation, (v) cypher, encode,
encipher, encrypt.
ifrelemek code (kod, kodlamak); synonyms (n)
cipher, charter, law, act, key, rule, codex, canon,
constitution, regulation, (v) cypher, encode,
encipher, encrypt.
iir 1. poetry; synonyms (n) poem, poesy, verse, song,
rhyme, style; antonym (n) prose, 2. verse;
synonyms (n) poetry, stanza, strain, measure,
clause, paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich,
meter, rhythm, sonnet, text, (v) poetize, 3. poem;
synonyms (n) ballad, composition, construction,
fabrication, from, laughingstock, making, metre,
writing, creation, dirge, rune, speech, trifle,
workmanship.
iirler poetry; synonyms (n) poem, poesy, verse,
song, rhyme, style; antonym (n) prose.
iirsel poetic; synonyms (adj) poetical, romantic,
artistic, beauteous, fanciful, graphic, imaginative,
anapestic, beautiful, dactylic, dramatic, emotional,
epic, epical, epodic.
k 1. elegant (zarif); synonyms (adj) graceful,
courtly, delicate, splendid, beautiful, dainty, polite,
refined, dressy, artistic, charming, chic, classy,
cultured, debonair; antonyms (adj) clumsy,
inelegant, scruffy, ugly, coarse, plain, tacky, 2.
smart (akgz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty,
dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, clever,
intelligent, jaunty, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp;
antonyms (adj) stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow,
3. choice (seim); synonyms (n) vote, alternative,
favorite, option, preference, selection, election,
pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj) best,
excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior,
4. alternative (alternatif, seenek); synonyms
(adj) alternate, alternating, variant, (n) choice,
substitute, variation.
ikyet complaint; synonyms (n) accusation, ailment,
charge, affection, disease, disorder, ill, illness,
lament, plaint, protest, sickness, wail, whine, claim.
marklk sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment,
flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth.
imdi 1. now; synonyms (adv) forthwith, here,
immediately, currently, directly, instantly,
presently, already, nowadays, straight, today, just,
right, (adj) current, present; antonyms (adv) later,
soon, 2. presently; synonyms (adv) now, shortly,
quickly.
imdiden already; synonyms (adv) beforehand,
previously, before, formerly, once, earlier, finally,
(adj) erewhile, present.
427
imdiki 1. current (akm, cari, geerli); synonyms

(adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant,

previous, 2. present (armaan, hediye);
synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift, donation, (v)
bestow, display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver,
donate, offer, perform, gratuity, award; antonyms
(adj) missing, (n) future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv)
absent, 3. actual (gerek); synonyms (adj) real,
absolute, true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent,
hypothetical, supposed, 4. immediate; synonyms
(adj) close, prompt, direct, sudden, near, present,
quick, expeditious, fast, hasty, proximate, speedy,
express, adjacent, firsthand; antonyms (adj) slow,
gradual, consecutive, deliberate.
imek 1. lightning; synonyms (n) bolt, levin, bolter,
dart, fetter, enlightenment, quarrel, shackle, (v)
lightening, luminary, (adj) wind, 2. flash;
synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter,
instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink,
flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten.
psevdi susceptible; synonyms (adj) impressionable,
receptive, responsive, sensitive, subject, liable,
delicate, pliable, susceptive, vulnerable, irritable,
open, amenable, exposed, impressible; antonyms
(adj) resistant, unsusceptible.
ra must; synonyms (v) have, need, mold, demand,
ought, shall, should, (n) essential, necessity,
requirement, obligation, necessary, mustiness,
requisite, want; antonym (n) option.
irin 1. sweet (tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved,
delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable,
melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary,
charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj)
sharp, salty, 2. pleasant (ho); synonyms (adj)
bright, acceptable, agreeable, amiable, jolly, kindly,
nice, facetious, affable, attractive, cheerful, clear,
comfortable, congenial, enjoyable; antonyms (adj)
unpleasant, disagreeable, disgusting, foul,
gruesome, harsh, horrible, nasty, repugnant,
shocking, terrible, unwelcome, appalling, frosty,
grisly.
irket 1. firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj) constant,
hard, stable, close, compact, determined, fixed,
(v) faithful; antonyms (adj) irresolute, soft, weak,
hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 2. company;
synonyms (n) companionship, society, association,
band, business, cohort, collection, brigade,
assemblage, bevy, caller, club, companion, corps,
(v) accompany; antonym (n) solitude, 3. concern;
synonyms (n) affair, regard, attention, anxiety,
428
Turkish - English
bother, matter, apprehension, burden, disquiet,

fear, (v) worry, affect, care, interest, trouble;
antonym (v) unconcern, 4. corporation; synonyms
(n) belly, concern, body, corp, firm, organization,
partnership, agency, establishment, foundation,
group, incorporation, municipality, potbelly,
conglomerate, 5. society; synonyms (n) institution,
public, community, corporation, fellowship,
fraternity, circle, people, commonwealth, guild,
order, brotherhood, folk, friendship, gild.
i lump; synonyms (n) heap, chunk, knot, block, clod,
hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment, knob, (v)
clot, (adj) mass, lout.
ie bottle; synonyms (n) container, flask, jug, jar, pot,
carboy, gourd, (v) preserve, can.
ielemek bottle (ie); synonyms (n) container, flask,
jug, jar, pot, carboy, gourd, (v) preserve, can.
iirmek 1. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment,
digs, wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster,
stuff, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider,
magnify, enlarge, 2. bulk (hacim, yn);
synonyms (n) mass, size, amount, majority, volume,
capacity, body, dimension, extent, magnitude,
quantity, thickness, scale, (v) bulge, (adj) lump;
antonym (n) minority.
ikin fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
ikinlik inflation (enflasyon); synonyms (n)
expansion, dilatation, increase, rise, boom,
subtilization, appreciation, accumulation,
augmentation, bombast, conceit, depression,
euphemism, exaggeration, (adj) pretension;
antonym (n) deflation.
iko 1. fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender, 2.
gross (brt, kaba); synonyms (adj) crass, coarse,
big, boorish, common, crude, fat, blunt, disgusting,
broad, brutal, earthy, entire, (v) foul, (n) aggregate;
antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net.
iman fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
imek 1. bulk (hacim, yn); synonyms (n) mass,
size, amount, majority, volume, capacity, body,
dimension, extent, magnitude, quantity, thickness,
scale, (v) bulge, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority, 2.
belly (gbek, karn); synonyms (n) abdomen,
3. expand (bytmek, genilemek,

broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment,
extend, inflate, explicate, elaborate, grow, increase,

(adj) dilate, expatiate; antonyms (v) contract,

shrink, summarize, narrow, 4. fill (doldurmak);
free.
ive accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) stress, dialect,
articulation, intonation, pronunciation, (v)
emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate,
pronounce.
ofr driver (src); synonyms (n) coachman,
postboy, club, chaser, commuter, hoistman,
pursuer, spanker.
hret 1. fame (n); synonyms (n) credit, distinction,
report, reputation, bruit, honor, prestige, renown,
buzz, eminence, hearsay, kudos, (v) celebrity, cry,
esteem; antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity,
anonymity, 2. reputation; synonyms (n) fame,
name, face, character, notoriety, prominence,
repute, standing, glory, rank, estimation,
importance, respect, account, (v) regard, 3. odour;
synonyms (n) fragrance, flavour, aroma, smell,
odor, scent, flavor, feel, feeling, look, olfaction,
smelling, spirit, tone, 4. prominence; synonyms
(n) hump, protuberance, height, bulge,
consequence, projection, moment, bump, extrusion,
gibbosity, jut, swelling, emphasis, hill, influence, 5.
notice, message, narration, narrative, news,
notification, recital, record, story, (v) describe,
communicate, recount, relate; antonym (n) fact, 6.

synonyms (n) register, list, book, disk, document,
history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, score,
inscribe, mark, enrol.
hretli renowned; synonyms (adj) celebrated,
illustrious, famous, eminent, famed, notable, noted,
glorious, distinguished, great, notorious, wellknown, known, reputable, (n) noble; antonym (adj)
unknown.
ok 1. shock; synonyms (n) blow, daze, impact,
collision, outrage, surprise, concussion, (v) jar,
offend, revolt, startle, appall, clash, disgust,
dismay; antonym (v) comfort, 2. jar (kavanoz);
synonyms (n) jangle, crock, container, jog, shake,
amphora, bottle, crash, (v) jolt, creak, bump, collide,
jounce, grate, agitate.
len feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner,
entertain; antonym (v) fast.
mine fireplace; synonyms (n) chimney, fire, hearth,
fireside, ingle, barbecue, blaze, favourite, flame,
paramour, sweetheart.
Turkish - English
ort shorts; synonyms (n) pants, knickers, drawers,
trunks, underwear, bloomers, boxers,
underdrawers.
ov show (gsteri, gstermek); synonyms (v)
valye knight; synonyms (n) cavalier, horseman,
horse, chevalier, knighthood, adventurer, buck,
cavalry, diacetylmorphine, heroin, junk, savior,
lover, (v) dub, nickname.
yle so (byle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as,
likewise.
ube 1. branch (dal, dallanmak); synonyms (n) arm,
jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, member, division,
limb, offshoot, outgrowth, section, shoot, (v) fork,
diverge, divide, 2. department (blm);
synonyms (n) bureau, compartment, area, agency,
class, faculty, branch, domain, field, line, office,
part, realm, subject, service.
kran gratitude; synonyms (n) appreciation, thanks,
acknowledgment, feeling, anger, benediction,
conviction, credit, recognition, resentment, tribute,
honor, impression, merit, obligation; antonym (n)
ingratitude.
kretmek praise; synonyms (n) compliment,
acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos,
phe 1. suspicion; synonyms (n) apprehension,
distrust, mistrust, inkling, fear, hunch, misgiving,
qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation,
hint, intuition, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust,
certainty, 2. question (mesele, soru); synonyms
(n) inquiry, challenge, demand, matter, problem, (v)
query, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest,
dispute, examine, enquire, argue, ask; antonym (v)
answer, 3. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, question,
incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence,
doubtfulness, dubiety, incredulity, quandary, (v)
suspicion, suspect, demur, disbelieve, hesitate;
antonyms (n) confidence, conclusiveness, 4.
uncertainty; synonyms (n) indecision, suspense,
irresolution, dubiousness, indecisiveness,
ambiguity, hesitancy, uncertainness, confusion,
insecurity, vacillation, vagueness, volatility,
anxiety, (adj) instability; antonyms (n) decisiveness,
clarity.
pheci suspicious; synonyms (adj) distrustful,
questionable, suspect, doubtful, dubious, queer,
429
mistrustful, shy, leery, skeptical; antonyms (adj)

trusting, aboveboard, aggressive, gullible,
trustworthy.
phelenen suspicious; synonyms (adj) distrustful,
questionable, suspect, doubtful, dubious, queer,
mistrustful, shy, leery, skeptical; antonyms (adj)
trusting, aboveboard, aggressive, gullible,
trustworthy.
phelenmek suspect; synonyms (v) doubt, distrust,
mistrust, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise,
believe, disbelieve, divine, (adj) fishy, questionable,
shady, suspicious, dubious; antonyms (v) trust, (adj)
trustworthy.
pheli 1. doubtful; synonyms (adj) ambiguous,
debatable, dubious, disputable, distrustful, queer,
questionable, suspicious, tentative, diffident,
hesitant, indistinct, skeptical, uncertain, undecided;
antonyms (adj) certain, trusting, convinced, reliable,
confident, persuaded, provable, sure, 2.
suspicious; synonyms (adj) suspect, doubtful,
mistrustful, shy, leery, apprehensive, wary,
suspicion, doubting, mysterious; antonyms (adj)
aboveboard, aggressive, gullible, trustworthy, 3.
loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute,
dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged, 4. dubious;
synonyms (adj) precarious, unlikely, unreliable,
unsure, dubitable, equivocal, indefinite,
problematic, shaky, shifty, unclear, unsettled,
untrustworthy, crooked, implausible; antonyms
(adj) indisputable, definite, 5. uncertain;
synonyms (adj) changeable, chancy, unsafe,
variable, hazardous, risky, indeterminate, fitful,
hazy, inconstant, insecure, irresolute,
unpredictable, unstable, (n) incertain; antonyms
(adj) clear, decisive, decided, inevitable, safe, strongminded, unquestionable, 6. suspect; synonyms (v)
doubt, distrust, mistrust, suppose, conjecture,
guess, surmise, believe, disbelieve, divine, assume,
fear, consider, imagine, query; antonym (v) trust.
phesiz 1. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, reliable,
secure, safe, firm, indisputable, dependable,
assured, confident, definite, infallible, positive,
bound, (adv) certainly, (v) steady; antonyms (adj)
doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, 2.
doubtless; synonyms (adv) assuredly, questionless,
undoubtedly, presumably, probably,
unquestionably, (adj) sure, certes, 3. certain;
synonyms (adj) actual, absolute, categorical,
decisive, fixed, inevitable, particular, perfect,
special, specific, unavoidable, undeniable,
unequivocal, unquestionable, plain; antonym (adj)
questionable, 4. easily (kolayca); synonyms (adv)
430
Turkish - English
lightly, comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily,

simply, smoothly, swimmingly, naturally;
antonyms (adv) awkwardly, hardly, 5. secure
(gvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten,
acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, gain, get,
guarantee, guard, (adj) attach, bind; antonyms (v)
lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose,
unsafe.
uur consciousness (bilin); synonyms (n)
awareness, feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance,
mind, notion, knowledge, self; antonym (n)
unconsciousness.
uursuz unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary,
T
taahht 1. commitment; synonyms (n) dedication,
charge, allegiance, appointment, committal,
devotion, loyalty, promise, tie, commission,
confinement, consignment, contract, debt, duty, 2.
commitment, conflict, contest, fight, betrothal, date,
employment, encounter, employ, agreement, clash,
meeting, (v) action, 3. undertaking; synonyms (n)
enterprise, labor, task, attempt, business, project,
venture, adventure, endeavor, job, effort,
guarantee, pledge, work, affair.
taahhtl registered; synonyms (adj) enrolled,
booked, conscript, denoted, destined, indicated,
measured.
tabak 1. plate; synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home,
plaque, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat, 2. course (yn);
synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current,
path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class,
method, (v) run, chase, 3. dish; synonyms (n)
beauty, disk, plate, platter, saucer, container,
dishful, bag, (v) hollow, serve.
tabaka 1. coat (palto); synonyms (n) cover, coating,
crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v)
cloak, sheath, blanket, plaster, glaze, 2. layer
(katman); synonyms (n) coat, course, level, ply,
stratum, covering, floor, mantle, row, tier, slab,
substratum, zone, deposit, (v) pile, 3. sheet
(yaprak); synonyms (n) board, leaf, canvas, paper,
coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail, mainsheet,
pane, slip, bill, counterpane, form, 4. bed (yatak);
synonyms (n) couch, base, basis, berth, bottom,
flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, rest, support,
pallet, understructure, setting, (v) embed, 5. order

mess, (v) disorder, request, 6. covering; synonyms
(v) vesture, (n) clothing, apparel, concealment,
wrapper, awning, canopy, envelope, screen, shell,
top, clothes, coverture, (adj) over, protective, 7.
sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area, domain,
province, realm, ball, circle, department, globe,
round, ring, arena, compass, field.
taban 1. floor (zemin); synonyms (n) bed, level, base,
layer, bottom, flooring, ground, platform, soil, (v)
deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle; antonym
(n) top, 2. base (alak, baz, temel, s);
synonyms (n) foundation, basis, leg, (adj) abject,
contemptible, despicable, foul, infamous, (v) found;
antonyms (n) summit, (adj) noble, 3. sole;
synonyms (adj) lone, single, singular, one, alone,
exclusive, individual, only, solitary, particular,
separate, (n) flounder, shoe, foot, (v) resole, 4. bed
(yatak); synonyms (n) couch, berth, flowerbed,
crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure,
setting, course, seam, seat, (v) embed, hump.
tabanca 1. gun (top, tfek); synonyms (n) artillery,
gunman, handgun, ordnance, pistol, revolver,
shooter, torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot,
cracker, 2. heater; synonyms (n) brasier, warmer,
bullet, fastball, calefactor, cannabis, dope, fume,
gage, ganja, grass, hummer, salamander, smoke,
tuyere.
tabela sign (alamet, im, iaret); synonyms (n)
signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand,
emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster,
presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate.
tabetme printing; synonyms (n) impression, issue,
imprint, type, duplicating, copying, belief,
depression, effect, feeling, notion, opinion, picture,
embossing, printmaking.
tabi subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
tabiat 1. nature; synonyms (n) character, disposition,
class, essence, creation, quality, breed, attribute,
constitution, humor, manner, mettle, temperament,
type, (adj) kind, 2. character (karakter);
synonyms (n) nature, note, part, role, brand,
description, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing,
atmosphere, attitude, case, complexion, (v) cast, 3.
kidney (bbrek); synonyms (n) variety, feather,
stripe, order, nephros, waiter.
tabii 1. certainly; synonyms (adv) assuredly, surely,
necessarily, definitely, really, sure, truly, inevitably,
absolutely, clearly, exactly, indeed, indubitably,
positively, (int) yes; antonyms (adv) doubtfully,
Turkish - English
questionably, 2. sure; synonyms (adj) certain,
reliable, secure, safe, firm, indisputable,
dependable, assured, confident, definite, infallible,
positive, bound, (adv) certainly, (v) steady;
antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure,
hesitant.
tabir expression (anlatm, deyim, ifade);

synonyms (n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance,
aspect, declaration, demonstration, manifestation,
tabiye tactics; synonyms (n) tactic, plan, method,
system, scheme, conduct, maneuver, campaign,
devices, diplomacy.
tabla tray (tepsi); synonyms (n) plate, dish, basket,
bassinet, case, corbeille, cradle, crate, creel, dorser,
dosser, hamper, hopper, jardiniere, lapboard.
tablo 1. table (izelge, masa); synonyms (n) board,
plate, 2. picture (grnt, resim); synonyms (n)
photograph, effigy, paint, drawing, likeness,
depiction, description, (v) image, describe, draw,
depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, 3. painting
(resim); synonyms (n) picture, portrait, icon,
design, coat, art.
tabure stool; synonyms (n) chair, seat, bench,
dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form, movement,
throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper, lavatory.
tabut coffin; synonyms (n) casket, chest, cask, hearse,
urn, automobile, basket, contention, controversy,
crate, strife, tomb, (v) bury.
ta 1. crown; synonyms (n) top, apex, cover, crest,
peak, pinnacle, summit, kingdom, acme, corona,
coronal, (v) cap, complete, consummate, culminate,
2. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n)
feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit,
concern, handle, 3. crest; synonyms (n) crown,
brow, height, hilltop, zenith, upside, edge, device,
emblem, heraldry, point, ridge, (v) climax, (adj)
panache, plume.
tacir merchant; synonyms (n) dealer, seller, trader,
merchandiser, retailer, shopkeeper, storekeeper,
vendor, broker, trafficker, wholesaler, (v) chapman;
antonym (n) buyer.
tahammlsz impatient; synonyms (adj) eager,
hasty, anxious, petulant, fidgety, keen, edgy, quick,
avid, enthusiastic, impetuous, irritable, restive,
restless, testy; antonyms (adj) patient, enduring.
tahl 1. corn (msr); synonyms (n) maize, clavus,
cereals, callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed,
keep, 2. grain (tane); synonyms (n) corn, crumb,
bit, berry, cereal, fragment, atom, character, grist,
kernel, scrap, speck, buckwheat, cast, iota.
431
tahkikat inquest; synonyms (n) examination, inquiry,

investigation, quest, probe, inquisition, inspection,
search.
tahlil analysis (analiz, zmleme); synonyms (n)
synthesis.
tahlilci analyst; synonyms (n) psychoanalyst,
analyzer, expert, psychiatrist, examiner,
commentator, accountant, authority, chemist,
counselor, critic, detective, forecaster, investigator,
observer.
tahliye 1. discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n)
hire, 2. release (serbest brakmak); synonyms
(n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, ransom,
exemption, disengagement, (v) exempt, free,
liberate, pardon, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, (adj)
disengage; antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction,
custody, involvement, preservation, (v) confine,
imprison, arrest, catch.
tahmin 1. forecast (tahmin etmek); synonyms (n)
calculation, forecasting, forethought, (v) presage,
anticipate, augur, calculate, portend, bode,
estimate, figure, forebode, foretell, predict,
prognosticate, 2. estimate; synonyms (n)
appraisal, assessment, (v) compute, consider, count,
esteem, guess, weigh, account, appraise, assess,
computation, conjecture, estimation, forecast, 3.
guess (sanmak, tahmin etmek); synonyms (v)
surmise, believe, deem, divine, reckon, suppose,
assume, feel, gauge, infer, suspect, (n) assumption,
hypothesis, speculation, supposition, 4.
calculation (hesap, hesaplama); synonyms (n)
reckoning, analysis, arithmetic, deliberation,
discretion, anticipation, projection, expectation,
figuring, (adj) circumspection, prudence, 5.
prediction; synonyms (n) divination, foresight,
announcement, augury, prognostication, prophecy,
vaticination, foretelling, foreboding, prevision,
soothsaying, expectancy, foreshadowing, 6.
speculation; synonyms (n) reflection, venture,
guesswork, meditation, gamble, adventure, theory,
risk, cogitation, consideration, contemplation,
opinion, chance, rumination, stake.
Tahmini estimated; synonyms (adj) approximate,
rough, anticipated, expected, ballpark, likely,
predictable, probable, projected, reputed, sketchy,
theoretical, vague, academic, hypothetical;
antonym (adj) exact.
tahrip 1. destruction; synonyms (n) death, collapse,
ruin, abolition, damage, demolition, desolation,
432
Turkish - English

conservation, formation, reparation, 2.
demolition; synonyms (n) annihilation,
demolishment, destruction, obliteration, razing,
sabotage, disposal, bulldozing, destroyer,
explosion, leveling, slaying, wipeout.
tahsil education (eitim); synonyms (n) training,
tuition.
tahsildar 1. collector; synonyms (n) accumulator,
magpie, 2. receiver (alc); synonyms (n)
recipient, beneficiary, earpiece, headset, liquidator,
antonym (n) donor.
tahsilli informed; synonyms (adj) aware, cognizant,
educated, conscious, knowledgeable, familiar,
apprised, wise, conversant, experienced, (adv)
abreast; antonym (adj) ignorant.
taht throne; synonyms (n) seat, can, stool, place, chair,
commode, crapper, lavatory, pot, potty, (v)
enthrone.
tahta 1. board; synonyms (n) council, bench, meal,
panel, table, office, sign, commission, committee,
court, embark, plank, (v) keep, lodge,
accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. wood
(aa, koru, odun); synonyms (n) forest, timber,
woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle, 3. wooden;
synonyms (adj) stiff, wood, stilted, expressionless,
inept, dead, impassive.
tahtrevan litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding,
stretcher, garbage, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish,
trash, waste, issue, (v) clutter, (adj) jumble, disarray,
huddle.
tahvil 1. bond (ba, bono); synonyms (n)
association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement,
attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion,
(v) bind, band, adhere, 2. bill (fatura, gaga,
hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak,
charge, list.
takas clearing; synonyms (n) clarification, glade,
clearance, dell, lot, aisle, assart, colonization,
defrayal, hollow, payment, region, track,
allowance, basin.
takdim 1. introduction (giri); synonyms (n)
induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface,

offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure,
overture, presentment, production, recital.
takdir 1. tribute; synonyms (n) commendation,
praise, tax, contribution, honor, testimonial, duty,
homage, eulogy, respect, compliment, appreciation,
approval, (v) subsidy, allowance; antonym (n)
criticism, 2. admiration; synonyms (n) wonder,
adoration, esteem, reverence, amazement,
estimation, regard, awe, liking, approbation,
astonishment, credit, deference, surprise,
veneration; antonyms (n) disrespect, disdain, 3.
appreciation; synonyms (n) admiration,
acknowledgment, awareness, conception, feeling,
grasp, recognition, taste, understanding,
discernment, enjoyment, gratitude, hold, insight, (v)
sense; antonym (n) depreciation.
taklmak 1. rally; synonyms (n) assembly, meeting,
converge, meet, mobilize; antonym (v) demobilize,
2. kid; synonyms (n) baby, child, youngster, infant,
juvenile, toddler, tot, babe, teenager, brat, (v) joke,
jest, mock, fool, jolly, 3. catch (yakalamak);
synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, get,
bolt, clasp, grab, pawl; antonym (v) release, 4.
sport (spor); synonyms (n) frolic, play, pastime,
diversion, fun, romp, amusement, disport, mutant,
recreation, freak, exercise, entertainment, game, (v)
gambol.
takm 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, set); synonyms (v)
fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define,
adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast,
team; synonyms (n) crew, company, gang, squad,
organization, party, side, troop, couple, brigade,
faction, group, (v) pair, band, (adj) rank, 3. battery
(ak, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) army, barrage,
collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, violence,
regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, battalion,
bombardment, bully, clot, 4. gang; synonyms (n)
circle, crowd, association, bunch, mob, pack, team,
assemblage, clique, club, horde, knot, ring, set,
swarm, 5. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action,
case, petition, (v) agree, fit, correspond,
accommodate, adapt, answer, become, match,
meet, please, 6. suite; synonyms (n) retinue, series,
entourage, apartment, cortege, flat, train, court,
battery, rooms, (adj) round, succession, 7. tackle;
synonyms (v) handle, harness, undertake, attempt,
stop, struggle, grapple, (n) gear, equipment,
rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig, apparatus, outfit;
antonym (v) avoid, 8. kit; synonyms (n) stuff,
fiddle, tackle, tools, 9. parcel (paket); synonyms
(n) lot, bale, bundle, division, package, packet,
Turkish - English
section, batch, plot, patch, allotment, (v) portion,
distribute, apportion, divide, 10. bunch (grup,
salkm); synonyms (n) cluster, clump, bulge, herd,
accumulation, knob, mass, throng, assortment,
bevy, assembly, budget, (v) huddle, heap,
constellate; antonym (v) disperse, 11. gear;
synonyms (n) device, dress, baggage, belongings,
clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, luggage, thing,
wheel, attire, garb, furniture, machinery, (v) equip,
12. unit (birim, nite); synonyms (n) element,
aggregate, cell, detachment, member, ace,
component, part, system, whole, force, article,
block, body, (adj) one, 13. squad; synonyms (n)
platoon, corps, detail, unit.
taknmak wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,
takip 1. chase; synonyms (n) game, search, quest, (v)
hunt, pursue, expel, follow, stalk, track, trail,
chamfer, pursuit, race, seek, evict, 2. pursuit;
synonyms (n) chase, persecution, career, interest,
job, business, employment, performance,
following, occupation, pastime, aspiration,
profession, line, activity.
takke cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital,
base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top,
beat, limit, surpass, better.
taklit 1. false (yanl); synonyms (adj) bastard,
truthful, honest, valid, 2. imitation; synonyms (n)
dummy, copy, forgery, mockery, duplicate, mock,
reproduction, caricature, impersonation, mimicry,
(adj) bogus, false, phony, replica, (v) parody;
antonym (n) original.
takma artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected,
genuine, real.
takmak 1. mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb,
board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow,
increase, ride, scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain;
antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley, 2. fix;
synonyms (v) establish, assign, determine, fasten,
settle, define, anchor, adjust, arrange, set, clamp, (n)
bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm, attach; antonyms (v)
break, unfasten, 3. wear; synonyms (v) dress,
endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n)
clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion,
garment; antonym (v) refresh.
takriben about (hakknda, hemen hemen);

433

taksi 1. taxi; synonyms (n) cab, hack, taxicab,
automobile, cabriolet, drudge, hacker, jade, nag,
plug, taxiing, vehicle, minicab, (v) coast, transfer, 2.
cab; synonyms (n) taxi, car, fly, droshki, drosky,
growler, omnibus.
taktik 1. tactics; synonyms (n) tactic, plan, method,
system, scheme, conduct, maneuver, campaign,
devices, diplomacy, 2. tactical; synonyms (adj)
advisable, delicate, expedient, planned, politic,
prudent, tactful, calculated, considered, deliberate,
intentional, premeditated.
takvim calendar; synonyms (n) almanac, agenda,
schedule, diary, journal, program, timetable, (v) list.
takviye consolidation; synonyms (n) amalgamation,
unification, combination, fortification, union,
condensation, joinder, coalition, integration.
talep 1. claim; synonyms (n) call, charge, allegation,
privilege, right, title, (v) demand, ask, assert, exact,
arrogate, contend, need, require, requisition;
antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 2. demand;
synonyms (n) claim, request, requirement, sale,
want, (v) command, appeal, beg, expect, involve,
necessitate, take, challenge, crave, clamor; antonym
(v) supply, 3. application (uygulama);
synonyms (n) plea, appliance, concentration,
diligence, effort, exercise, petition, use, attention,
administration, coating, employment, exertion,
function, industry, 4. request (istek); synonyms
(n) bid, prayer, application, entreaty, wish,
invitation, asking, quest, (v) invite, order, pray,
desire, entreat, beseech, inquire, 5. sale (sat);
synonyms (n) fair, disposal, market, vend,
vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings,
emission, escape, festival, fte, inn, (adj) cheap.
tali secondary (ikincil); synonyms (adj) inferior,
lower, minor, subordinate, ancillary, derivative,
primary.
talih 1. fortune; synonyms (n) chance, destiny, estate,
fate, fluke, accident, luck, means, abundance,
assets, doom, lot, riches, wealth, blessing, 2. luck;
synonyms (n) fortune, hazard, advantage, hap,
portion, coincidence, circumstances; antonym (n)
misfortune.
talihli 1. lucky; synonyms (adj) auspicious, favorable,
unfortunate, 2. fortunate; synonyms (adj) lucky,
fortuitous, well, felicitous, golden, advantaged,
desirable, hopeful.
434
Turkish - English
talihsiz unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious,

fortunate, lucky.
talihsizlik disaster (ykm); synonyms (n) calamity,
antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy.
talim 1. drill (matkap); synonyms (n) exercise,
discipline, practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet,
(v) bore, coach, educate, inculcate, instruct,
perforate, pierce, tap, 2. exercise (altrma);
synonyms (n) employment, application, play,
movement, action, activity, example, function, (v)
drill, apply, employ, use, exert, train, do.
talimat 1. instruction (ynerge); synonyms (n)
charge, command, advice, counsel, direction,
education, guidance, guideline, information,
injunction, prescription, teaching, bidding,
commission, doctrine, 2. instructions; synonyms
(n) orders, guide, will, formula, guidelines,
handbook, message, briefing, method, mission,
preparation, procedure, process, remit, steps, 3.
direction (yn); synonyms (n) administration,
conduct, bearing, course, address, control,
instruction, rule, aspect, aim, lead, order, care,
dictate, (v) management, 4. directive (ynerge);
synonyms (n) decree, edict, ruling, pronouncement,
bylaw, law, mandate, (adj) directing, directional,
guiding, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation,
burden, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand, (v) accuse,
blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault, cost;
antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat.
tam 1. exactly (aynen); synonyms (adv) precisely,
correctly, right, truly, sharp, absolutely, just,
accurately, certainly, closely, completely, directly,
punctually, rightly, barely; antonyms (adv)
approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about, 2. exact;
synonyms (adj) detailed, precise, actual, authentic,
careful, definite, direct, (v) accurate, close, demand,
require, claim, command, ask, (n) correct; antonyms
(adj) inaccurate, imprecise, vague, wrong,
approximate, inexact, 3. accurate (doru);
synonyms (adj) exact, faithful, true, literal,
meticulous, nice, strict, truthful, scientific, delicate,
express, faultless, genuine, honest, narrow;
antonym (adj) false, 4. absolute (mutlak, saf);
synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total,
unconditional, categorical, full, real, unqualified,
utter, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete,
conclusive, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial,
qualified, 5. complete (bitirmek, eksiksiz,
tamamlamak); synonyms (adj) perfect, absolute,
consummate, whole, stark, accomplished, all, (v)
accomplish, achieve, finish, execute, act, attain,
cease, clear; antonyms (adj) incomplete, unfinished,

abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking, (v) neglect, 6.
precise; synonyms (adj) minute, neat, particular,
ceremonious, distinct, fastidious, formal,
punctilious, specific, methodical, fixed, explicit,
fine, orderly, prim; antonym (adj) rough, 7. very
(ok, pek); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly,
highly, really, entirely, most, quite, actually, too,
awfully, exceedingly, (adj) much, identical,
considerably, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally,
slightly, somewhat, 8. perfect (eksiksiz);
synonyms (adj) entire, thorough, exquisite, integral,
blameless, clean, flawless, ideal, immaculate, pure,
irreproachable, great, (v) fulfill, mature, crown;
antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed, 9. full
(dolu); synonyms (adj) abundant, broad, flush,
ample, enough, extensive, comprehensive, copious,
good, plump, undivided, wide, fat, deep, (n)
crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, starving, hungry,
10. entire (btn); synonyms (adj) gross, intact,
mere, unbroken, universal, radical, dead, livelong,
undiminished, implicit, main, finished, general, (n)
stallion, unabridged, 11. thorough; synonyms
(adj) exhaustive, profound, painstaking, sweeping,
sound, conscientious, heavy, intensive, intimate,
outright, overall, rigorous, scrupulous, severe,
thoroughgoing; antonyms (adj) superficial, careless,
slack, 12. strict; synonyms (adj) rigid, stern,
austere, harsh, exacting, hard, inflexible, stiff, cruel,
grim, relentless, punctual, religious, brutal,
demanding; antonyms (adj) lenient, free, lax,
flexible, negligent, relaxed, 13. true (doru,
gerek); synonyms (adj) even, straight, sincere,
factual, loyal, proper, reliable, veritable, rightful,
substantial, indisputable, lawful, legitimate, level,
(v) square; antonyms (adj) bogus, untrue, 14. utter;
synonyms (adj) extreme, (v) say, articulate, breathe,
speak, state, tell, declare, deliver, emit, pronounce,
talk, voice, reveal, disclose, 15. due; synonyms (adj)
appropriate, equitable, owed, payable, unpaid,
unsettled, legal, fair, fit, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty,
privilege, tax, desert; antonyms (adj) paid, undue,
16. dead (lm, l); synonyms (adj) dull,
lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, breathless,
deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, numb,
vapid, out; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living,
17. implicit; synonyms (adj) silent, tacit,
understood, undeclared, unsaid, implied, inherent,
unquestioning, virtual, practical, 18. intact;
synonyms (adj) undamaged, uninjured, untouched,
inviolate, safe, unharmed, unhurt, unscathed,
virgin, unblemished; antonym (adj) broken, 19.
just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply,
exclusively, merely, (adj) impartial, reasonable,
righteous, upright, due, ethical, evenhanded,
honorable, moral; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, 20.
whole (Btn); synonyms (adj) aggregate,
Turkish - English
healthy, well, natural, round, (n) sum, hale, unit,
mass, amount, entirety, everything, ensemble, (adv)
altogether, totally; antonym (n) part.
tamam 1. done; synonyms (adj) finished, complete,
completed, over, gone, through, (adv) ended;
antonym (adj) unfinished, 2. complete (bitirmek,
eksiksiz, tam, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj)
perfect, absolute, consummate, whole, full, stark,
accomplished, all, (v) accomplish, achieve, close,
finish, execute, act, attain; antonyms (adj)
incomplete, partial, abridged, shortened, sketchy,
lacking, narrow, qualified, (v) neglect, 3. okay
(iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good, alright, well,
fair, (int) yes, (n) approval, authorization,
agreement, (v) approve, sanction, consent, endorse,
authorize, countenance; antonyms (adj)
unsatisfactory, (v) forbid, 4. exactly (aynen,
tam); synonyms (adv) precisely, correctly, right,
truly, sharp, absolutely, just, accurately, certainly,
closely, completely, directly, punctually, rightly,
barely; antonyms (adv) approximately, inaccurately,
(prep) about.
tamamen 1. altogether; synonyms (adv) absolutely,
all, wholly, completely, entirely, perfectly, purely,
simply, totally, ensemble, fully, utterly, generally,
quite, thoroughly; antonym (adv) partly, 2.
absolutely; synonyms (adv) surely, categorically,
dead, decidedly, definitely, exactly, just, precisely,
very, truly, altogether, clearly, (int) positively,
certainly, (adj) really; antonyms (adv) partially,
doubtfully, 3. entirely; synonyms (adv) clean,
solely, bodily, alone, exclusively, only, right,
extremely, whole, 4. fully; synonyms (adv)
downright, enough, amply, full, well, abundantly,
adequately, considerably, favorably, carefully,
outright, sufficiently, advantageously, (adj)
complete, effectually; antonym (adv) superficially,
5. exactly (aynen, tam); synonyms (adv) correctly,
sharp, accurately, closely, directly, punctually,
rightly, barely, due, minutely, literally, plumb,
smack, straight, strictly; antonyms (adv)
approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about, 6.
wholly; synonym (adv) unreservedly, 7. quite;
synonyms (adv) sheer, even, fairly, rather, stark,
awfully, far, pretty, somewhat, clear,
comparatively, reasonably, moderately, 8.
perfectly; synonym (adv) flawlessly; antonyms
(adv) badly, imperfectly, 9. completely; synonyms
(adv) roundly, finally, deeply, hollow, (adj) out,
throughout; antonym (adv) hardly, 10. dead
(lm, l); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold,
defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased,
extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, numb, vapid;
antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living, 11. off
(kapal); synonyms (adv) by, forth, beyond, over,
aside, abreast, (adj) away, bad, putrid, remote,
435
down, rotten, wide, cancelled, (int) begone;

antonyms (adj) fresh, on, 12. all (btn, hepsi,
tm); synonyms (adv) apiece, (adj) universal, each,
every, gross, entire, (n) aggregate, entirety,
everything, sum, total, (det) any; antonyms (pron)
none, (det) some, 13. wide (geni); synonyms (adj)
broad, spacious, roomy, comprehensive, extensive,
large, ample, vast, capacious, expanded, extended,
open, sweeping, big, deep; antonyms (adj) narrow,
thin, restricted, 14. well (iyi); synonyms (adv)
easily, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust,
hale, happy, hearty, (n) fountain, spring, pit,
fountainhead, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, poorly,
(adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous.
tamamyla absolutely (tamamen); synonyms (adv)
surely, utterly, categorically, completely, dead,
decidedly, definitely, entirely, exactly, fully, just,
precisely, purely, (int) positively, certainly;
antonyms (adv) partially, doubtfully, partly.
tamamlama 1. completion; synonyms (n) close,
accomplishment, achievement, attainment,
consummation, finish, closing, conclusion, ending,
fulfillment, performance, complement, end,
execution, perfection; antonym (n) start, 2.
perfection (mkemmellik); synonyms (n)
excellence, ideal, maturity, paragon, completeness,
completion, crown, development, flawlessness,
ripeness, integrity, complete, perfect, idol, prime;
antonym (n) imperfection, 3. finishing; synonyms
(adj) last, final, ultimate, (n) coating.
tamamlamak 1. complete (bitirmek, eksiksiz,

tam); synonyms (adj) perfect, absolute,
consummate, whole, full, stark, accomplished, all,
(v) accomplish, achieve, close, finish, execute, act,
attain; antonyms (adj) incomplete, partial,
unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking,
narrow, qualified, (v) neglect, 2. implement (alet,
ara); synonyms (v) fulfil, apply, enforce, fulfill,
complete, perform, discharge, (n) tool, apparatus,
utensil, appliance, device, instrument, gadget,
organ, 3. integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate,
exclude, segregate, 4. perfect (eksiksiz);
synonyms (adj) exact, utter, entire, faultless,
thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean,
correct, flawless, ideal, immaculate, pure, (v)
mature; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed.
tamamlanm finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj)
complete, completed, ended, perfect, consummate,
absolute, accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined,
spent, round, capable, (adv) over; antonyms (adj)
unfinished, incomplete, remaining, rough.
tamamlayc 1. component (bileen, para);

synonyms (n) constituent, factor, ingredient, part,
detail, element, feature, member, unit, accessory,
436
Turkish - English
division, piece, portion, section, (adj) fundamental,
2. integral (btn, tmlev); synonyms (adj)

complete, entire, inherent, full, constitutional,
inbuilt, intact, total, all, integrant, organic, perfect,
unbroken, (n) whole, differential.
tamir repair (onarm, onarmak, tamir etmek);

break.
tamlk accuracy (doruluk); synonyms (n) fidelity,
precision, truth, exactitude, exactness, reliability,
care, closeness, correctness, faithfulness,
meticulousness, veracity; antonyms (n) inaccuracy,
vagueness, imprecision.
tampon buffer; synonyms (n) safeguard, pad,
protection, bumper, fender, shield, block, (v)
cushion.
tan dawn; synonyms (n) beginning, commencement,
aurora, cockcrow, morning, onset, origin, prime,
start, sunrise, birth, (v) break, begin, appear, (adj)
daybreak; antonyms (n) dusk, sunset, twilight, (v)
end, finish.
tane 1. grain; synonyms (n) corn, crumb, bit, berry,
cereal, fragment, atom, character, grist, kernel,
scrap, speck, buckwheat, cast, iota, 2. piece
(para); synonyms (n) cut, division, part, article,
component, composition, hunk, lump, patch, block,
chunk, coin, constituent, cutting, fraction.
tanesi each (her); synonyms (adv) apiece, (adj) every,
any, singular, distinct, eche, ilk, eminent,
exceptional, extraordinary, odd, same, strange,
uncommon, unique.
tan diagnosis; synonyms (n) diagnosing, distinction,
identification, examination, diorism, recognition,
anatomy, breakdown, definition, differentiation,
discovery, discrimination, division, forecast,
prediction.
tandk 1. acquaintance; synonyms (n) connection,
familiarity, friend, acquaintanceship, mate,
associate, awareness, buddy, companion, comrade,
contact, conversance, conversancy, experience, (v)
knowledge; antonyms (n) ignorance, stranger, 2.
familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common,
commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, acquainted,
chummy, (n) accustomed, habitual, (v) confidential;
antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, strange, new,
unaccustomed, formal, ignorant, unknown.
tank witness; synonyms (n) spectator, testimony,
bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, evidence,
observer, testifier, beholder, proof, (v) attest,
observe, notice, see, view; antonym (n) participant.
tanklk 1. evidence (kant); synonyms (n)
confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument,
display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2.
witness; synonyms (n) spectator, bystander,

eyewitness, onlooker, evidence, observer, testifier,
beholder, testify, attestant, (v) observe, notice, see,
view, watch; antonym (n) participant, 3.
testimony; synonyms (n) declaration, testimonial,
statement, affidavit, affirmation, profession,
deposition, certificate, avowal, verification,
authority, speech, (v) witness, record.
tanm 1. description (betimleme); synonyms (n)
portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character, 2.
definition; synonyms (n) description,
interpretation, limitation, definiteness; antonym (n)
bagginess.
tanma 1. recognition; synonyms (n)
acknowledgment, appreciation, identification,
perception, cognizance, acceptance,
acknowledgement, admission, approval, avowal,
credit, realization, remembrance, salute, (adj)
reception, 2. identification (kimlik); synonyms
(n) designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming,
denomination, 3. acknowledgement (alnd);
synonyms (n) acclaim, preferment, realisation.
tanmak 1. know (bilmek); synonyms (v) discern,
comprehend, can, distinguish, have, recognize,
understand, feel, acknowledge, agnise, agnize,
apprehend, fathom, appreciate, (n) ken, 2.
acknowledge; synonyms (v) accept, avow,
confess, own, profess, admit, concede, declare,
notice, affirm, agree, answer, confirm, grant, hail;
antonyms (v) deny, ignore, overlook, reject, 3.
own; synonyms (v) allow, hold, possess, get, enjoy,
occupy, retain, keep, master, bear, control, (adj)
individual, proper, private, personal, 4.
recognize; synonyms (v) know, identify, discover,
realize, descry, accredit, perceive, see, detect,
discriminate, espy, experience, recognise,
recognition, spot, 5. spot (benek, leke, nokta);
synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple,
dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck,
tanmlama 1. description (betimleme, tanm);
synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation,
depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition,
narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class,
character, 2. definition; synonyms (n) description,
interpretation, limitation, definiteness; antonym (n)
bagginess, 3. explanation (aklama); synonyms
(n) annotation, commentary, exposition, excuse,
gloss, justification, solution, key, answer, caption,
apology, basis, clarification, comment, elucidation;
antonym (n) mystery.
tanmlamak 1. define; synonyms (v) specify,
characterize, clarify, explain, bound, construe,
interpret, limit, name, restrict, circumscribe,
Turkish - English
outline, delimit, delimitate, delineate, 2. describe
(betimlemek); synonyms (v) define, depict, report,
represent, state, draw, relate, qualify, designate,
narrate, recite, recount, sketch, adumbrate,
demonstrate, 3. illustrate; synonyms (v) elucidate,
describe, explicate, adorn, cite, decorate, embellish,
expound, show, illuminate, ornament, embody,
indicate, instance, (adj) exemplify.
tanmlayc descriptive; synonyms (adj) expressive,
narrative, graphic, illustrative, detailed, epic,
illuminating, suggestive, vivid, figurative,
delineating, delineatory, diagraphical, factual,
informative; antonyms (adj) prescriptive,
undescriptive.
tannma recognition (tanma); synonyms (n)
acknowledgment, appreciation, identification,
perception, cognizance, acceptance,
acknowledgement, admission, approval, avowal,
credit, realization, remembrance, salute, (adj)
reception.
tannm 1. famous (nl); synonyms (adj)
celebrated, eminent, splendid, distinguished,
famed, illustrious, renowned, capital, conspicuous,
important, known, notable, notorious, prominent,
stunning; antonyms (adj) unknown, infamous,
ordinary, 2. notable; synonyms (adj) extraordinary,
famous, memorable, remarkable, great, marked,
noted, noteworthy, outstanding, salient, signal,
significant, (n) celebrity, luminary, notability;
antonym (adj) insignificant, 3. distinguished;
synonyms (adj) dignified, reputable, high, noble,
superior, considerable, distinct, ace, exalted,
excellent, glorious, grand, lofty, majestic,
preeminent.
tanmak meet; synonyms (v) converge, find,
diverge.
tantrma introduction (giri); synonyms (n)
opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript.
tantrmak introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject,
inject, acquaint, advance, enter, exhibit, implant,
inaugurate, infuse, initiate, precede, present, instill,
interpose; antonym (v) end.
tantc identifier; synonym (n) qualifier.
tantm 1. introduction (giri); synonyms (n)
publicity (propaganda); synonyms (n)
advertisement, promotion, advertising, notoriety,
propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure.
437
tantma 1. introduction (giri); synonyms (n)

publicity (propaganda); synonyms (n)
advertisement, promotion, advertising, notoriety,
propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure, 3.
offer, appearance, exposition, gift, overture,
presentment, production, recital, show.
tantmak 1. introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject,
inject, acquaint, advance, enter, exhibit, implant,
inaugurate, infuse, initiate, precede, present, instill,
interpose; antonym (v) end, 2. present (armaan,
hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift,
donation, (v) bestow, display, give, introduce,
prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity,
award; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, future,
history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent.
tank tank; synonyms (n) cistern, reservoir, container,
cooler, belly, boiler, fermentor, jail, stomach, store,
tankful, thickener, tub, lake, (v) fake.
tanr 1. father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad,
sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder,
padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create,
generate; antonym (n) mother, 2. lord (sahip);
synonyms (n) chief, master, noble, sir, seignior,
almighty, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman,
overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator.
tapnak 1. temple; synonyms (n) church, tabernacle,
shrine, brow, synagogue, forehead, chapel, kirk,
meetinghouse, basilica, chantry, conventicle,
memorial, oratory, side, 2. sanctuary; synonyms
(n) refuge, asylum, retreat, haven, safety,
reservation, chancel, protection, shelter, resort,
cover, harbor, port, security, temple.
tapnma 1. cult; synonyms (n) craze, persuasion, fad,
faith, fashion, rage, religion, sect, denomination,
creed, vogue, church, trend, camp, division, 2.
worship (tapma, tapmak); synonyms (n)
antonym (v) hate.
tapnmak worship (tapma, tapmak); synonyms (n)
antonym (v) hate.
tapma worship (tapmak); synonyms (n) adoration,
respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration,
devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor,
revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate.
tapmak worship (tapma); synonyms (n) adoration,
respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration,
438
Turkish - English
devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor,

revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate.
tapu deed (i); synonyms (n) accomplishment,
achievement, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit,
title, agency.
taraa terrace; synonyms (n) patio, bench, veranda,
porch, balcony, yard, accommodation, backyard,
building, bungalow, cottage, farmhouse, green,
grounds, igloo.
taraf 1. part (blm, para); synonyms (n)
constituent, piece, article, character, component,
cut, division, portion, section, share, (v) branch,
break, disjoin, divide, divorce; antonyms (n) whole,
entirety, (adj) complete, 2. way (yol); synonyms (n)
course, method, path, passage, road, route, track,
custom, direction, form, manner, means, style,
fashion, habit, 3. side (kenar, yan); synonyms (n)
edge, rim, faction, border, brink, face, part, hand,
aspect, facet, margin, page, position, wing, (v)
party; antonym (adj) distant, 4. hand (el);
synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw,
worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow,
afford, communicate, reach, grant.
tarafndan by; synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about,
on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart,
along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over.
tarafsz neutral; synonyms (adj) disinterested,
impartial, indifferent, dispassionate, impersonal,
tarafszlk equity (adalet); synonyms (n) fairness,
honesty, candor, reasonableness, uprightness,
justness, probity, right, righteousness, law, (adj)
justice, integrity; antonym (n) unfairness.
taraftar 1. supporter; synonyms (n) partisan,
admirer, ally, backer, follower, friend, patron,
sponsor, advocate, believer, benefactor, champion,
devotee, disciple, fan; antonyms (n) opponent,
skeptic, detractor, critic, 2. fan (hayran,
vantilatr, yelpaze); synonyms (n) buff,
enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend,
fanatic, lover, supporter, (v) air, winnow, refresh,
blow, stimulate, ventilate.
tarak drag (ekmek, srkleme, srklemek);

synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart,
hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore,
hindrance; antonym (v) push.
taramak drag (ekmek, srkleme,

bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push.
tarh bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base,
tarif description (betimleme, tanm); synonyms (n)

portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character.
tarife 1. tariff; synonyms (n) duty, charge, excise,
custom, tax, assessment, price, cost, fee, toll,
benevolence, exactment, gavel, levy, octroi, 2.
schedule; synonyms (n) list, agenda, catalog,
program, calendar, catalogue, inventory, table, roll,
index, chart, docket, plan, (v) register, book, 3.
timetable; synonyms (n) schedule, card, roster,
rota, diary.
tarih 1. history; synonyms (n) account, chronicle,
story, annals, background, narrative, record,
explanation, yesteryear, narration, past, life, (v) tale;
antonym (n) present, 2. date; synonyms (n) age,
appointment, assignation, engagement, epoch,
meeting, period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v)
escort, determine, register, accompany.
tarihi historian; synonyms (n) chronicler,
historiographer, historier, storier.
tarihi 1. historical; synonyms (adj) historic,
diachronic, chronological, ancient, genetic,
historial, local, narrative, storial, actual, archival,
attested, authentic, bygone, chronicled, 2. historic;
synonyms (adj) important, momentous, historical,
monumental, significant, past, traditional, aged,
auspicious, breakthrough, critical, crucial, eventful,
innovative, innovatory; antonym (adj) insignificant.
tarihsel 1. historical (tarihi); synonyms (adj) historic,
diachronic, chronological, ancient, genetic,
historial, local, narrative, storial, actual, archival,
attested, authentic, bygone, chronicled, 2. historic;
synonyms (adj) important, momentous, historical,
monumental, significant, past, traditional, aged,
auspicious, breakthrough, critical, crucial, eventful,
innovative, innovatory; antonym (adj) insignificant.
tarikat order (dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek,

tarm 1. agriculture; synonyms (n) farming,
agribusiness, agronomy, husbandry, tillage,
geoponics, agriculturism, culture, defense,
terraculture, 2. farming; synonyms (n) agriculture,
cultivation, land.
tarmsal agricultural; synonyms (adj) agrarian, rural,
farming, rustic, undeveloped, unindustrialized,
floricultural, gardening, horticultural, ranch.
tarla field (alan, saha); synonyms (n) arena, area,
realm, section, sphere.
Turkish - English
tart pie; synonyms (n) pi, pastry, puff, desert,
dividend, picnic, pushover, snap, candy, tartlet, (v)
volauvent, (adj) feasible.
tart weight (arlk); synonyms (n) load, burden,
charge, consequence, heaviness, importance,
pressure, significance, stress, ballast, bias, import,
influence, moment, (v) gravity; antonym (n)
triviality.
tartma 1. argument; synonyms (n) controversy,
debate, matter, proof, reason, hassle, altercation,
arguing, brawl, clash, contention, difference,
disagreement, discussion, fight; antonyms (n)
agreement, harmony, 2. debate; synonyms (n)
argue, argumentation, argument, disputation,
consideration, (v) contest, dispute, contend,
controvert, discuss, canvass, altercate, consider,
deliberate, moot; antonym (v) agree, 3. contest;
synonyms (n) bout, competition, conflict, race,
struggle, feud, game, match, action, encounter, (v)
battle, compete, combat, challenge, war, 4. breeze;
synonyms (n) breath, air, gust, blow, flurry, gale,
rumor, wind, zephyr, (v) move, 5. discussion;
synonyms (n) conference, conversation, discourse,
consultation, dialogue, negotiation, talk, chat,
colloquy, dissertation, huddle, meeting, parley,
review, speech, 6. controversy; synonyms (n)
squabble, row, contestation, quarrel, wrangle, fuss,
dissension, issue, question, strife, tilt, variance,
difficulty, 7. contention (ekime); synonyms (n)
assertion, discord, allegation, claim, opposition,
enmity, affray, emulation, fighting, litigation,
rivalry, statement.
tartmak 1. discuss; synonyms (v) argue, debate,
agitate, consult, deliberate, canvass, discourse,
dispute, mention, moot, negotiate, reason,
converse, weigh, controvert, 2. argue; synonyms
(v) contend, oppose, quarrel, altercate, assert, attest,
contest, convince, declare, discuss, expostulate,
fight, indicate, object, (n) question; antonyms (v)
agree, deny, 3. debate; synonyms (n)
argumentation, contention, argument, controversy,
disputation, consideration, difference,
disagreement, discussion, palaver, conversation,
conference, (v) altercation, consider, cogitate, 4.
dispute; synonyms (n) brawl, conflict, wrangle,
combat, feud, contestation, (v) row, squabble,
contradict, battle, challenge, bicker, clash, differ,
disagree; antonym (n) agreement.
tartmak 1. measure (lmek, l, nlem);

synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat,
benchmark, degree, estimate, measurement, meter,
quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise,
2. gauge (l); synonyms (n) caliber, gage,
calibre, (v) measure, calculate, assess, compute,
fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, evaluate,
figure, guess, 3. balance (denge, dengelemek);
synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder,
439
account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v)

unbalance, 4. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful,
calculated, circumspect, slow, thoughtful,
conscious, (v) consider, cogitate, consult, debate,
think, confer, contemplate, ponder, reflect;
hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 5.
scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,
graduation, yardstick, rate, chip, fur, gradation, (v)
tarz 1. genre; synonyms (n) class, form, manner,
mode, style, type, order, species, kind, sort, 2.
mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion,
method, way, condition, custom, guise, wise,
appearance, approach, fad, modality, process, rage,
system, 3. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut,
craze, (v) construct, contrive, cast, create, make,
shape, compose, adjust, adapt, build, design, fit,
(adj) character, 4. manner; synonyms (n) bearing,
demeanor, air, carriage, look, course, aspect,
attitude, conduct, deportment, expression, practice,
category, (v) habit, (adj) description, 5. form
(biim, form); synonyms (n) figure, arrange,
ceremony, conformation, frame, mould, (v)
constitute, establish, carve, do, comprise, devise,
generate, mold, acquire, 6. method (yntem);
synonyms (n) arrangement, formula, plan, device,
organization, procedure, routine, technique,
disposition, direction, measure, resource, channel,
mechanism, path; antonym (n) disorder, 7. tone
(ses, ton); synonyms (n) note, accent, shade,
sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, feel, feeling,
intonation, pitch, quality, hue, (v) color, 8. way
(yol); synonyms (n) passage, road, route, track,
pathway, headway, lane, progress, street, trail, run,
trend, agency, avenue, distance.
tas 1. bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container,
trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle, 2. vessel;
synonyms (n) ship, boat, craft, duct, jar, vas, bowl,
canal, pan, receptacle, tube, watercraft, bottle, pipe.
ta 1. stone; synonyms (n) jewel, rock, calculus, gem,
pebble, concretion, gemstone, kernel, bullet,
granite, (v) pit, lapidate, pelt, cake, clot, 2. dig
(kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod, burrow,
comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe,
taunt; antonym (n) compliment, 3. rock (kaya);
synonyms (n) boulder, pillar, (v) jar, sway, cradle,
jolt, shake, toss, waver, quake, pitch, reel, roll,
swing, (adj) stone.
tasa 1. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard,
attention, anxiety, bother, matter, company,
apprehension, burden, (v) worry, affect, care,
440
Turkish - English
interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern, 2.

preoccupation; synonyms (n) absorption,
abstraction, obsession, fixation, distraction,
engrossment, preoccupancy, prepossession,
reverie, anticipation, compulsion.
tasar 1. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance,
dodge, arrangement, device, diagram, method,
project, schedule, (v) plan, plot, design, intrigue,
devise, conspire, contrive, 2. project (proje);
synonyms (n) scheme, idea, enterprise, venture, (v)
hurl, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast,
extend, forecast, throw, invent, 3. bill (fatura,
gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak,
charge, list, 4. plan (proje); synonyms (n) aim,
map, figure, chart, intent, outline, pattern, form,
blueprint, intention, (v) intend, arrange, conceive,
draft, engineer.
tasarm design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n)
antonym (n) chance.
tasarmc designer; synonyms (n) architect,
couturier, creator, drawer, engineer, inventor,
maker, decorator, (v) artist, projector; antonym (adj)
off-the-rack.
tasarlamak 1. design (proje); synonyms (n) aim,
purpose, scheme, conception, drawing,
antonym (n) chance, 2. contemplate; synonyms (v)
consider, cogitate, meditate, muse, speculate,
deliberate, look, ponder, reflect, gaze, behold,
entertain, intend, mull, reason, 3. intend;
synonyms (v) design, destine, mean, determine,
contemplate, denote, believe, import, calculate,
designate, propose, signify, think, compass, (n)
purport, 4. calculate (hesaplamak); synonyms
(v) count, estimate, account, add, appraise, cipher,
compute, deem, enumerate, forecast, gauge, guess,
make, reckon, expect, 5. project (proje);
synonyms (n) enterprise, venture, (v) hurl, jut,
overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, devise,
extend, throw, invent, hatch, draft, 6. purpose
(ama, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) mind,
effect, end, resolve, motive, determination,
function, goal, meaning, objective, cause, decision,
(v) intention, project, object, 7. plan (proje);
synonyms (n) map, figure, chart, outline, pattern,
form, blueprint, method, agenda, (v) plot, arrange,
engineer, model, maneuver, concoct.
tasarruf 1. economy; synonyms (n) frugality,
brevity, cut, (adj) system, arrangement, array;
antonym (n) extravagance, 2. saving; synonyms (n)

economy, preservation, rescue, deliverance,
delivery, (adj) economical, frugal, thrifty, save,
chary, except, excepting, sparing, careful,
parsimonious, 3. possession (iyelik); synonyms
(n) occupancy, occupation, ownership, keeping,
goods, property, tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin,
seizure, tenancy, colony, (v) acquisition.
ta mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason,
tasdikname certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma,
tasfiye 1. settlement; synonyms (n) decision,
dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup,
licentiousness.
tashih revision; synonyms (n) alteration, change,
modification, amendment, review, revisal, revise,
reconsideration, adjustment, rewriting,
improvement, rescript, retrospect.
tal fossil (fosil); synonyms (n) fogey, fogy, dodo,
pebble.
tama 1. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport,
posture, (v) bearing, 2. bearing (kerteriz);
synonyms (n) carriage, appearance, approach,
aspect, conduct, direction, respect, aim,
comportment, pose, presence, regard, run, way,
tack, 3. freight (navlun); synonyms (n) cargo,
load, burden, lading, consignment, freightage,
shipment, goods, loading, merchandise, payload,
weight, (v) carry, ship, lade, 4. transport;
synonyms (n) rapture, transportation, (v) transfer,
transmit, bear, delight, enrapture, exile, banish,
convey, enchant, ferry, ravish, send, take;
antonyms (v) disenchant, remain, 5. shipping;
synonyms (n) freight, moving, carrying, craft,
ecstasy, exaltation, raptus, transferral, vehicle.
tamak 1. bear (ay); synonyms (v) carry, accept,
abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply,
assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey,
2. carry (nakletmek); synonyms (v) bear, bring,
hold, pack, transport, load, admit, adopt, act,
capture, cart, channel, contain, deport, ferry, 3.
move (hareket, tanmak); synonyms (v) affect,
Turkish - English
excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel,
flow, disturb, actuate, (n) motion, drive, transfer,
advance; antonym (v) stay, 4. wear; synonyms (v)
dress, endure, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle,
break, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb,
erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh, 5.
transport; synonyms (n) rapture, transportation,
conveyance, (v) transmit, delight, enrapture, exile,
banish, enchant, ravish, send, entrance, fetch, run,
haul; antonyms (v) disenchant, remain, 6. convey;
synonyms (v) communicate, express, impart, mean,
cause, cede, consign, deliver, grant, pass, recount,
say, show, supply, articulate, 7. sustain;
synonyms (v) support, keep, continue, maintain,
preserve, suffer, have, prop, relieve, help,
strengthen, affirm, assist, back, bolster, 8. receive
(almak, kabul etmek); synonyms (v) get, obtain,
welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace, gather,
greet, hear, earn, own, realize, derive, entertain,
include.
tanabilir portable; synonyms (adj) mobile, movable,
portative, light, convenient, manageable, pocket,
carriageable, cartable, compact, haulable, itinerant,
lightweight, supportable, wieldy; antonym (adj)
fixed.
tanmak move (hareket); synonyms (v) act, affect,
travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer;
antonym (v) stay.
tat vehicle; synonyms (n) medium, instrument,
means, automobile, channel, transport, carrier,
transportation, agent, car, intermedium,
intervention, mediation, platform.
tayc carrier; synonyms (n) bearer, messenger,
courier, mailman, porter, postman, vehicle,
transport, envoy, bag, channel, container, emissary,
newsboy, solvent.
takn flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge,
trickle.
taslak 1. draft; synonyms (n) bill, conscription, sketch,
check, drawing, (v) draught, outline, design,
blueprint, compose, enlist, plan, recruit, chart,
delineate; antonym (v) discharge, 2. sketch (ske);
synonyms (n) scheme, cartoon, project, plot,
description, delineation, (v) paint, draft, draw,
picture, depict, describe, frame, adumbrate, copy,
3. outline (zet); synonyms (n) edge, abstract,
contour, digest, figure, synopsis, brief, profile,
appearance, adumbration, bound, boundary, (v)
line, form, border, 4. design (proje,
tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose,
conception, arrangement, device, idea, intent,
contrivance, intention, (v) conceive, contrive,
construct, arrange, contemplate, intend; antonym
441
(n) chance,
5. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse,

hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement,
indelicate, (n) boisterous; antonyms (adj) gentle,
smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft,
sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 6.
study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration,
investigation, learning, meditation, (v) consider,
examine, review, learn, research, analyze, inquire,
investigate, meditate, ponder, 7. plan (proje);
synonyms (n) map, pattern, invent, method,
agenda, diagram, forecast, (v) devise, engineer,
mean, model, hatch, maneuver, concoct, fix.
taslamak affect; synonyms (v) touch, move, act, fake,
feign, impress, pretend, strike, concern, dispose,
dissemble, hit, influence, involve, lead.
talamak stone (ta); synonyms (n) jewel, rock,
calculus, gem, pebble, concretion, gemstone,
kernel, bullet, granite, (v) pit, lapidate, pelt, cake,
clot.
tasma collar (yaka); synonyms (n) arrest, choker,
pinch, ruff, chaplet, flange, (v) catch, apprehend,
capture, clutch, grab, nail, cop, get, grasp.
tamak 1. flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n)
deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow,
inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge,
swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, shortage,
(v) trickle, 2. flow (ak, akmak); synonyms (n)
flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) course, flux,
jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, seep, well, ooze.
tasnif classification; synonyms (n) arrangement,
categorization, class, grading, assortment,
categorisation, category, order, rank, analysis,
breakdown, classifying, method, disposition,
section; antonym (n) declassification.
tara country (lke); synonyms (n) state, nation,
public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban.
taral provincial; synonyms (adj) local, country,
insular, parochial, unsophisticated, narrow, rural,
(n) bucolic, peasant, rustic, churl; antonym (adj)
cosmopolitan.
tasvip approval (onay, onaylama); synonyms (n)
scorn, criticism.
tasvir 1. description (betimleme, tanm);
synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation,
depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition,
narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class,
character, 2. picture (grnt, resim, tablo);
synonyms (n) photograph, effigy, paint, drawing,
442
Turkish - English
likeness, description, (v) image, describe, draw,

depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, figure.
tat 1. flavour (tat vermek); synonyms (n) aroma,
smack, tang, taste, tone, (v) flavor, season, 2. taste
(tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, liking, morsel,
penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, gusto,
mouthful, predilection, preference, refinement, (v)
sample, discernment; antonyms (n) dislike,
tastelessness, 3. salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity,
sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, rhino, (adj) salty,
saline, briny, spice, pungent, (v) cure, pickle,
embalm.
tatbikat 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon);

job, 2. practice; synonyms (n) exercise, fashion,
convention, discipline, experience, habit, form,
observance, application, employment, process, (v)
custom, drill, use, apply.
Ta move (hareket, tanmak); synonyms (v) act,
affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver,
touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer;
antonym (v) stay.
tatil holiday; synonyms (n) feast, festival, sabbath,
break, leisure, recess, rest, stay, (v) vacation, fete,
(adj) festive.
tatl 1. sweet; synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious,
fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious,
musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming,
delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid,
bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 2.
soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp, balmy,
delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby,
flaccid, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm,
harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic,
shrill, strong, 3. gentle; synonyms (adj) calm,
friendly, soft, affable, kind, mild, tame, amiable,
benign, bland, compassionate, docile, fine, fond, (n)
benevolent; antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce,
violent, abrupt, hardhearted, heavy, sarcastic,
sheer, steep, 4. pleasant (ho); synonyms (adj)
bright, acceptable, agreeable, jolly, kindly, nice,
facetious, attractive, cheerful, clear, comfortable,
congenial, enjoyable, fair, genial; antonyms (adj)
unpleasant, disagreeable, disgusting, foul,
gruesome, horrible, nasty, repugnant, shocking,
terrible, unwelcome, appalling, frosty, grisly.
tatlm 1. honey (bal); synonyms (n) darling, dear,
molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten, 2. sugar
(eker); synonyms (n) honey, carbohydrate,
saccharide, (v) saccharify.
tatmak 1. taste; synonyms (n) bit, flavor, liking,
morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness,
gusto, (v) relish, savor, sample, smack, discernment;
antonyms (n) dislike, tastelessness, 2. experience

(deneyim, tecrbe); synonyms (n) event, episode,
happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine,
enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, (adj) see;
antonym (n) inexperience, 3. sample (rnek);
synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model,
pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, design,
(v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test.
tatmin 1. satisfaction; synonyms (n) pleasure,
amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy,
reparation, atonement, compensation, delight,
discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment,
displeasure, aggravation, discontent, 2. content
(ierik); synonyms (n) capacity, matter, meaning,
subject, substance, contentedness, happiness, (adj)
contented, happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please,
satisfy, suffice, gratify; antonyms (adj) tormented,
unhappy, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v)
upset.
tatsz 1. unpleasant; synonyms (adj) disagreeable,
harsh, nasty, obnoxious, offensive, ugly, sour,
awkward, bad, forbidding, repulsive, hard, rude,
abhorrent, bitter; antonyms (adj) pleasant,
agreeable, delightful, attractive, comfortable,
enjoyable, nice, wonderful, charming, 2. flat
(dz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain,
insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring,
uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 3. ugly (irkin); synonyms (adj)
frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, surly, evil,
atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque,
horrible, monstrous, ominous, shocking, sinister;
antonyms (adj) beautiful, good-looking, flowing,
ornamental.
tava pan; synonyms (n) dish, knock, rap, panning,
plate, platter, porringer, pot, saucer, calabash,
hardpan, (v) slam, criticize, review.
tavan ceiling; synonyms (n) cap, limit, maximum,
limitation, roof, top, thatch, tile, cover, bounds,
restraint, capital, check, constraint, control;
antonym (n) ground.
tavr 1. attitude (davran, tutum); synonyms (n)
mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, 2. tone (ses,
ton); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, shade,
sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, feel,
feeling, intonation, look, (v) color, 3. behaviour;
synonyms (n) conduct, demeanor, demeanour,
deportment, doings, 4. carriage; synonyms (n)
attitude, transport, conveyance, coach, gait, mien,
port, walk, carrying, equipage, pose, presence, rig,
stance, (v) pace, 5. manner; synonyms (n)
appearance, form, method, carriage, custom, style,
way, course, expression, guise, practice, (v) fashion,
Turkish - English
habit, (adj) kind, description, 6. air (hava,
havalandrmak); synonyms (n) tune, atmosphere,
melody, strain, face, breeze, cast, (v) ventilate,
broadcast, show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate,
beam.
taviz concession (imtiyaz, dn); synonyms (n)
abatement, assent.
tavan rabbit; synonyms (n) coney, cony, hare, lapin,
shuttle, coward, bacterium, das, dassie, delinquent,
hyrax, pika, (adj) warren.
tavsiye 1. tip; synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point,
pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, (v)
incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant, 2. advice (t);
synonyms (n) admonition, caution, counsel,
warning, exhortation, instruction, intelligence,
monition, notice, report, tidings, advisement,
announcement, communication, direction, 3.
counsel (avukat, t, t vermek);

synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, consultation,
counselor, guidance, recommendation, (v) advice,
advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, urge,
warn, direct, 4. recommendation; synonyms (n)
praise, commendation, suggestion, advocacy,
reference, approval, proposal, endorsement,
testimonial.
tavuk chicken (pili); synonyms (n) chick, cock,
coward, fowl, hen, crybaby, nestling, poultry,
weakling, wimp, (adj) yellow, chickenhearted.
tayf spectrum; synonyms (n) range, gamut, rainbow,
tulip, phantom, scale, (v) anamorphosis, distortion,
illusion, refraction.
tayfa crew; synonyms (n) company, cluster, band,
bunch, gang, party, assemblage, crowd, faction,
group, set, side, team, assembly, association.
tayin appointment (atama, randevu); synonyms
(n) assignment, date, designation, engagement,
fitting, post, rendezvous, berth, conference,
election, assignation, commission, encounter, job,
meeting.
tayyare aeroplane (uak); synonyms (n) airplane,
plane, airship, sheet.
taze 1. fresh; synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean,
novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive,
chilly, cool, forward, green, (adv) new; antonyms
(adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid,
muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn,
dry, sweltering, 2. hot (scak); synonyms (adj)
warm, ardent, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery,
flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast,
peppery, pungent, spicy; antonyms (adj) mild, cold,
freezing, bland, 3. new (yeni); synonyms (adj)
modern, additional, inexperienced, innovative,
raw, strange, unaccustomed, unprecedented,
young, contemporary, current, different,
443
newfangled, (adv) lately, freshly; antonyms (adj)

familiar, outgoing, second-hand, traditional, used,
less, old-fashioned, (adv) past, 4. raw (ham);
synonyms (adj) crude, immature, bleak, coarse,
cutting, piercing, sore, biting, inclement, naked,
keen, callow, bitter, gross, natural; antonyms (adj)
refined, cooked, 5. young (gen, yavru);
synonyms (adj) juvenile, adolescent, baby, boyish,
childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, childlike,
infantile, (n) offspring, progeny, issue, child;
antonyms (adj) mature, adult, (n) aged, 6. youthful
(gen); synonyms (adj) vernal, beardless, 7. sweet
(tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, lovely,
mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical,
pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful,
fragrant, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid,
discordant, acidic, sharp, salty.
tazelik youth (gen, genlik); synonyms (n) boy,
juvenile, lad, young, youngster, adolescence, kid,
juvenility, puberty, stripling, younker, child,
puppy, infancy, (adj) adolescent; antonyms (n)
adulthood, adult, ripeness.
tazmin 1. compensation; synonyms (n) amends,
satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure,
complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation,
fulfillment, happiness, (v) contentment,
displeasure, aggravation, discontent.
tazminat 1. indemnity; synonyms (n) amends,
compensation, damages, indemnification, pay,
redress, reparation, restitution, excuse, exoneration,
insurance, quittance, recompense, release, security,
2. damages; synonyms (n) indemnity,
reimbursement, 3. compensation; synonyms (n)
allowance, reward, price, atonement, emolument,
fee, refund, remuneration, return, salary,
satisfaction, settlement, bonus, consideration, (v)
wage.
tazyik 1. pressure (basn); synonyms (n) force,
compulsion, constraint, duress, exigency, influence,
insistence, load, pinch, urge, weight, emergency, (v)
drive, press, coerce; antonym (n) persuasion, 2.
compression (sktrma); synonyms (n)
tebeir chalk; synonyms (n) score, trace, clod, clot,
gravel, mold, subsoil, clay, cledge, (v) mark, pastel,
whiten, charcoal, (adj) ivory, lily.
tebli service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid,
444
Turkish - English
tebrikler congratulations; synonyms (n)

compliment, kudos, praise, compliments, hail, (int)
bravo, hooray.
tecavz assault (hcum); synonyms (n) attack,
aggression, rush, violence, charge, onset, raid, rape,
thrust, battery, offensive, (v) assail, storm, invade,
violate; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend.
tehizat 1. fittings; synonyms (n) furniture,
equipment, fixtures, harness, furnishings,
hardware, trappings, linings, stuff, 2. equipment
(donatm); synonyms (n) material, apparatus,
facility, gear, outfit, apparel, accoutrements,
baggage, goods, belongings, device, kit, system,
things, 3. outfit; synonyms (n) dress, garb,
clothing, company, costume, ensemble, rig, pack,
clothes, group, (v) attire, equip, fit, furnish, clothe.
tecim commerce (ticaret); synonyms (n) business,
exchange, connection, dealings, intercourse,
association, barter, communication, conversation,
traffic, interchange, (v) trade, affair.
tecrit isolation; synonyms (n) alienation,
closeness, companionship.
tecrbe 1. experience (deneyim); synonyms (n)
event, episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure,
suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet,
receive, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 2.
tentative (geici); synonyms (adj) doubtful,
experimental, provisional, probationary, trial,
exploratory, shy, cautious, conditional, hesitant,
indecisive, indefinite, provisionary, undecided;
antonyms (adj) definite, sure.
tecrbeli experienced; synonyms (adj) accomplished,
capable, educated, competent, expert,
knowledgeable, old, practiced, proficient, skillful,
sophisticated, trained, able, conversant, informed;
antonyms (adj) inexperienced, naive, immature.
tecrbesiz inexperienced; synonyms (adj) immature,
naive, young, callow, raw, ignorant, new,
unsophisticated, unexperienced, clumsy, strange,
amateurish, awkward, inexpert, (v) green;
sophisticated.
tedarik 1. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n)
provision, hoard, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill,
store, feed, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver,
equip, give, 2. provision (hkm); synonyms (n)
arrangement, condition, clause, proviso, article,
board, requirement, stipulation, maintenance,
planning, prerequisite, disposal, food, (v)
preparation, supply; antonym (n) lack.
tedavi 1. treatment; synonyms (n) cure, conduct,
handling, management, manipulation, therapy,
medication, remedy, reception, attention, medicine,
method, usage, (v) behavior, treat, 2. cure;
synonyms (n) antidote, salve, curative, curing,

healing, treatment, restorative, aid, (v) correct, help,
heal, pickle, preserve, restore, keep, 3. therapy;
synonyms (n) analysis, answer, care, mixture,
preparation, solution, psychoanalysis, tonic.
tedavl circulation (dolam); synonyms (n)
turn, airing.
tedbir 1. step (adm, basamak); synonyms (n)
degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level,
rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace,
proceeding, 2. measure (lmek, l, nlem);
synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat,
benchmark, estimate, measurement, meter,
quantity, allotment, action, bill, (v) grade, appraise,
assess, 3. caution; synonyms (n) advice,
carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness,
warning, admonition, attention, caveat,
circumspection, counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish,
advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness,
rashness, 4. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn,
switch, conversion, spell, (v) change, exchange,
tedbirli 1. advised; synonyms (v) designed,
determinate, express, (adj) intentional, considered,
studied, deliberate, premeditated, intended, 2.
cautious; synonyms (adj) careful, conservative,
guarded, prudent, watchful, attentive, cagey,
chary, circumspect, discreet, judicious, provident,
reserved, shy, thoughtful; antonyms (adj) rash,
reckless, careless, impetuous, impulsive, open,
incautious, irresponsible, wasteful, 3. wary;
synonyms (adj) cautious, vigilant, suspicious, alert,
leery, distrustful, wakeful, heedful, mistrustful,
safe, mindful, scrupulous, aware, (v) calculating,
crafty; antonyms (adj) unwary, trusting.
tedirgin uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable,
calm.
teessf regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan,
tefrika serial; synonyms (adj) sequential, consecutive,
recurrent, sequent, successive, regular, nonparallel,
(n) periodical, series.
tefsir interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version,
construction, explanation, exposition, clarification,
commentary, illustration, definition, interpreting,
translation, analysis, description, performance,
reading, understanding.
Turkish - English
tefti 1. examination (muayene); synonyms (n)
investigation (aratrma); synonyms (n)
examination, research, inquest, inspection,
scrutiny, review, investigating, trial, interrogation,
hunt, experiment, inquire, inquisition, probe, quest,
3. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n)
surveillance, observation, oversight, sight,
supervision, view, watch, look, reconnaissance,
superintendence, dissection, face, scouting, (v)
inspect, aspect.
tehdit threat; synonyms (n) menace, danger, hazard,
peril, risk, coercion, jeopardy, omen, scourge,
terror, warning; antonym (n) safety.
tehlike 1. hazard; synonyms (n) chance, risk, venture,
danger, peril, fortune, jeopardy, bet, accident, (v)
endanger, adventure, gamble, wager, dare, stake;
antonym (n) safety, 2. danger; synonyms (n)
hazard, threat, trouble, precariousness,
slipperiness, difficulty, insecurity, exposure,
hardship; antonym (n) security, 3. threat;
synonyms (n) menace, coercion, omen, scourge,
terror, warning, 4. risk (risk); synonyms (n)
possibility, speculation, assay, attempt, charge,
deposit, essay, luck, (v) imperil, jeopardize, expose,
jeopard, try, endeavor, lay; antonym (v) protect, 5.
distress (ac); synonyms (n) agony, anguish, pain,
anxiety, calamity, grief, hurt, torture, (v) afflict,
torment, concern, bother, upset, worry, discomfort;
antonyms (v) comfort, please.
tehlikeli 1. dangerous; synonyms (adj) critical, grave,
serious, severe, adventurous, unhealthy, chancy,
dicey, hazardous, hurtful, perilous, precarious,
threatening, unsafe, poisonous; antonyms (adj) safe,
secure, stable, 2. hazardous; synonyms (adj)
dangerous, risky, insecure, uncertain, awkward,
explosive, treacherous, venturesome, venturous, (n)
daring, 3. critical (kritik); synonyms (adj) acute,
decisive, delicate, important, pressing, ticklish,
urgent, vital, crucial, fastidious, imperative,
minute, momentous, particular, (v) censorious;
antonyms (adj) complimentary, trivial, positive,
flattering, insignificant, approving, unimportant, 4.
serious (ar, ciddi); synonyms (adj) heavy,
sedate, austere, great, hard, considerable, earnest,
grievous, sad, sober, bad, big, deep, major, solemn;
flippant, humorous, mild, minor, playful, slight, 5.
risky; synonyms (adj) dodgy, audacious, harmful,
reckless, speculative, tricky.
tehlikesiz safe; synonyms (adj) secure, reliable,
cautious, dependable, good, harmless, innocuous,
sound, correct, innocent, inoffensive, certain, stable,
(n) closet, coffer; antonyms (adj) dangerous, unsafe,
445
hurt, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, harmful,

insecure, reckless.
tek 1. single; synonyms (adj) only, celibate, one, odd,
particular, distinct, individual, isolated, lone,
lonely, separate, simple, sole, solitary, exclusive;
antonyms (adj) married, double, multiple, 2.
unique (benzersiz); synonyms (adj) singular,
extraordinary, alone, peculiar, distinctive,
rare, special, unequaled, unparalleled, unusual,
single; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary,
recurring, 3. odd; synonyms (adj) grotesque, funny,
abnormal, curious, droll, eccentric, strange, chance,
novel, anomalous, bizarre, fantastic, irregular,
queer, laughable; antonyms (adj) normal, even,
typical, 4. individual (birey, bireysel);
synonyms (adj) different, certain, characteristic,
especial, independent, own, (n) human, creature,
fellow, man, mortal, person, homo, being, body;
antonyms (adj) joint, combined, communal, general,
vague, (n) collective, 5. only (ancak); synonyms
(adv) but, exclusively, just, merely, barely, entirely,
simply, however, solely, hardly, exactly,
nevertheless, absolutely, purely, (adj) all, 6. one
(bir); synonyms (pron) any, (n) anybody, somebody,
ace, anyone, unit, unity, (adv) once, (adj) unique,
some, united, ane, 7. exclusive; synonyms (adj)
private, choice, select, undivided, chic, elite,
personal, classy, expensive, restricted, snobbish,
superior, posh, smart, (n) scoop; antonym (adj)
inclusive, 8. uneven; synonyms (adj) rough,
unequal, jagged, erratic, patchy, rugged, spotty,
disproportionate, ragged, craggy, crooked,
unbalanced, variable, (v) broken, (n) harsh;
antonyms (adj) smooth, straight, equal,
symmetrical, 9. sole; synonyms (adj) unmarried, (n)
bottom, base, flounder, shoe, foot, plaice, nadir, (v)
resole.
tekdze uniform (niforma); synonyms (adj)
regular, even, constant, steady, equal, consistent,
same, equable, homogenous, invariable, level,
unchanging, fixed, (n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj)
varied, assorted, inconsistent, unequal.
tekel monopoly; synonyms (n) impropriation,
limitation, retention, business, cartel, industry,
influence, organization, protection, restriction, ring,
stranglehold, throttlehold, trust, consortium.
Teker wheel (ark, tekerlek); synonyms (n) circle,
twirl.
tekerlek wheel (ark, Teker); synonyms (n) circle,
twirl.
tekerrr recurrence; synonyms (n) iteration,
repetition, return, frequency, comeback,
446
Turkish - English
reappearance, reiteration, relapse, harping;

antonym (n) disappearance.
teklif 1. offering; synonyms (v) gift, grant, favor,
benefaction, boon, (n) contribution, donation,
oblation, offer, present, presentation, endowment,
bestowal, gratuity, reward, 2. proposal;
synonyms (n) motion, advice, proposition,
suggestion, overture, plan, proffer, hypothesis, bid,
design, idea, view, question, advocacy,
contemplation, 3. resolution; synonyms (n)
decision, determination, answer, conclusion,
firmness, purpose, resolve, solution,
decomposition, analysis, constancy, dissolution,
fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness; antonym (n)
indecisiveness, 4. offer; synonyms (v) give, bestow,
put, advance, extend, impart, introduce, perform,
propose, tender, lay, dedicate, (n) proposal, go,
approach; antonyms (v) withdraw, refuse, 5. bid
(davet etmek); synonyms (n) attempt, appeal, (v)
ask, call, command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge,
direct, instruct, order, summon, tell, allure, 6.
suggestion (neri); synonyms (n) hint,
intimation, allusion, counsel, dash,
recommendation, sign, touch, trace, clue,
implication, indication, inkling, insinuation,
prompting, 7. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate,
delicate, fond, gentle, mild, frail, caring, immature,
kind; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted,
rubbery, rough, 8. proposition (nerme);
synonyms (n) assertion, premise, position,
principle, scheme, axiom, lemma, allegation,
device, application, law, doctrine, measure, (v)
suggest, accost.
teklifsiz 1. informal; synonyms (adj) colloquial,
familiar, casual, easy, free, cozy, unofficial, chatty,
cosy, homely, wanton, comfortable, conversational,
everyday, intimate; antonyms (adj) formal,
authorized, official, 2. free (ak, bedava, bo,
zgr, serbest, serbest brakmak); synonyms
(adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate,
discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle,
acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj)
bound, restricted, compelled, confined,
imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck,
tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 3.
familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common,
conversant, customary, commonplace, ordinary,
usual, acquainted, chummy, (n) accustomed,
companion, comrade, habitual, associate, (v)
strange, new, unaccustomed, ignorant, unknown.
tekme 1. boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang,
charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill, 2.
kick; synonyms (n) beef, bitch, gripe, excitement,
flush, hit, complaint, (v) boot, grumble, recoil,
spurn, protest, complain, whine, inveigh.
tekmelemek 1. boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang,

charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill, 2.
kick; synonyms (n) beef, bitch, gripe, excitement,
flush, hit, complaint, (v) boot, grumble, recoil,
spurn, protest, complain, whine, inveigh.
tekne 1. boat (sandal); synonyms (n) yacht, scull,
craft, dinghy, ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop,
schooner, sailboat, bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck,
(v) cruise, 2. vessel; synonyms (n) boat, container,
duct, jar, vas, canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube,
watercraft, bottle, pipe, 3. hull; synonyms (n) crust,
shell, hulk, husk, structure, body, glume, (v) skin,
(adj) torso, trunk, bole, 4. bottom (alt, dip, k);
synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind,
foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks,
floor, foundation; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj)
highest, 5. vat; synonyms (n) tub, barrel, cask, tun,
drum, 6. ship (gemi); synonyms (n) ferry, bottom,
(v) dispatch, send, forward, transport, consign,
carry, embark, move, transfer, post, charge, mail,
convey.
teknik 1. technical; synonyms (adj) technological,
industrial, shipshape, technic, complex, mysterious,
obscure, perplexing, profound, puzzling, rarefied,
technicological, mechanical, scholarly, abstruse, 2.
technique; synonyms (n) approach, means,
method, skill, fashion, procedure, process, system,
knack, style, manner, way, proficiency.
teknisyen operator (operatr); synonyms (n) driver,
teknoloji technology; synonyms (n) engineering,
apparatus, competence, equipment, experience,
expertise, gear, knowledge, machinery, machines,
proficiency, savvy, tackle, technicology, (adj)
technicality.
teknolojik technological; synonyms (adj) technical,
technologic, technicological, industrial, mechanical.
tekrar 1. again (bir daha, gene, yeniden, yine);

repeatedly, then, also, further, often, 2. over;
synonyms (adv) beyond, across, by, o'er, on, too,
crosswise, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj)
finished, done, extra, odd, past, 3. repetition;
synonyms (n) repeat, gemination, iteration,
recurrence, reiteration, replication, duplication,
reduplication, rehearsal, repeating, return, echo,
reappearance, recital, doubling.
tekrarlama 1. repetition; synonyms (n) repeat,
gemination, iteration, recurrence, reiteration,
replication, duplication, reduplication, rehearsal,
repeating, return, echo, reappearance, recital,
doubling, 2. repeat (tekrarlamak, yinelemek);
rehearse, reiterate, double, duplicate, iterate, recur,
renew, reproduce, say, cite, multiply.
Turkish - English
tekrarlamak 1. repeat (yinelemek); synonyms (v)
recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse,
reiterate, return, double, duplicate, iterate, recur,
renew, reproduce, say, cite, 2. say (demek,
sylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate,
express, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe,
maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n) declare,
voice.
tekst text (metin); synonyms (n) copy, matter, script,
theme, subject, words, document, book, textbook,
topic, argument, contents, letterpress, manual,
passage.
tekstil textile; synonyms (n) material, cloth, fabric,
stuff, tapestry, drapery.
tekzip denial; synonyms (n) negation, abnegation,
renunciation, repulse, no, abjuration, contradiction,
negative, refusal, rejection, forswearing, nay,
abandonment, rebuff, rebuttal; antonyms (n)
acceptance, affirmation, declaration, admission,
confession.
tel 1. wire; synonyms (n) cable, telegram, line, rope,
cord, string, thread, flex, guy, halser, hawser,
marconigram, moorings, (v) telegraph, electrify, 2.
string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file,
row, strand, twine, range, filament, rank, series, tie,
sequence, fiber, procession, train, (v) run, 3. thread
(iplik); synonyms (n) yarn, wire, plot, ribbon, (v)
penetrate, lace, pass, meander, permeate, thrid, (adj)
reed, 4. chord; synonyms (n) harmony, curve,
flange, enticement, (v) accord, harmonise,
harmonize, agree, consort, reconcile, (adj) subtense,
5. fibre; synonyms (n) character, case, eccentric,
grapheme, lineament, part, persona, reference, role,
shred, toughness, type, 6. strand; synonyms (n)
coast, shore, bank, wisp, fibril, scar, (v) beach,
maroon, desert, abandon.
telaffuz pronunciation; synonyms (n) diction, accent,
articulation, elocution, enunciation, delivery,
speech, inflection, pronounce, declaration,
pronouncement, delay, dialect, prolation, brogue.
telafi compensation; synonyms (n) amends,
refund, reimbursement, remuneration, (v) wage.
tela 1. hurry; synonyms (n) speed, haste, dispatch,
flurry, (v) bustle, hasten, accelerate, dash, expedite,
scurry, fly, run, rush, zip, hie; antonyms (n)
slowness, (v) dawdle, 2. fever; synonyms (n)
delirium, feverishness, frenzy, heat, pyrexia,
febricity, excitement, restlessness, craze,
enthusiasm, pain, rage, disease, fury, lather, 3.
excitement; synonyms (n) commotion, emotion,
agitation, animation, disturbance, eagerness,
elation, taking, effervescence, excitation,
exhilaration, kick, thrill, tumult, passion; antonyms
(n) tedium, dullness, boredom, tediousness, 4. stir;
447
synonyms (v) arouse, budge, move, rouse, affect,

agitate, excite, inspire, go, cause, foment, shift, (n)
movement, fuss, riot, 5. rush; synonyms (n) hurry,
charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) gush, race, dart,
stream, quicken, jet, flush, hurtle, (adj) burst, spurt.
telal hurried; synonyms (adj) hasty, fast, headlong,
quick, rapid, speedy, sudden, swift, abrupt,
cursory, careless, precipitate, prompt, rash,
slapdash; antonyms (adj) slow, unhurried, leisurely.
telefon 1. telephone; synonyms (n) telephony,
earpiece, (v) call, phone, ring, telegraph, 2. phone
(telefon etmek); synonyms (n) earphone,
headphone, receiver, handset, sound, (v) telephone.
televizyon 1. television; synonyms (n) tube, telly,
video, telecasting, box, display, films, monitor,
picture, radio, screen, theater, audio, babysitter,
eye, 2. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage,
chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container,
crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym
(v) unbox, 3. telly; synonym (n) television.
telgraf 1. telegraph; synonyms (n) telegram,
telegraphy, (v) cable, wire, broadcast, electrify,
forecast, foreshadow, forewarn, 2. wire (tel);
synonyms (n) line, rope, cord, string, thread, flex,
guy, halser, hawser, marconigram, moorings,
painter, report, ribbon, (v) telegraph, 3. cable
(kablo); synonyms (n) cablegram, twine.
telkin suggestion (neri); synonyms (n) hint, advice,
intimation, proposal, allusion, counsel, dash,
proposition, recommendation, sign, touch, trace,
clue, implication, indication.
telsiz radio (radyo); synonyms (n) wireless,
broadcasting, radiotelegram, radiocommunication,
tuner, television, (v) broadcast, transmit, notify,
report.
telve sediment; synonyms (n) deposit, deposition,
residue, settling.
tema theme; synonyms (n) matter, motif, subject,
base, composition, question, stem, substance, text,
motive, business, paper, topic, idea, basis.
temas 1. contact; synonyms (n) touch, connection,
collision, communication, link, impact, tangency,
acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate,
reach, butt, join, 2. touch (dokunma,
dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling,
hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, strike, stroke,
regard, brush, concern, handle, interest.
tembel lazy; synonyms (adj) indolent, idle, inert,
drowsy, inactive, shiftless, dull, faineant, remiss,
slothful, slow, sluggish, leisurely, sluggard, tardy;
antonyms (adj) energetic, diligent, active.
tembih warning (ihtar, uyar); synonyms (n) notice,
448
Turkish - English

encouraging.
temdit continuation (devam); synonyms (n)
supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end.
temel 1. basic; synonyms (adj) first, cardinal, initial,
primary, primordial, basal, base, bottom, central,
fundamental, introductory, key, necessary, plain,
(n) essential; antonyms (adj) secondary, complex,
extra, minor, 2. base (alak, baz, taban, s);
synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) abject, mean,
despicable, foul, infamous, (v) ground, found;
antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 3.
elementary; synonyms (adj) basic, primitive,
simple, easy, elemental, original, rudimentary,
preliminary, artless, straightforward, underlying,
4. foundation; synonyms (n) creation,
establishment, foot, institution, principle, cause,
cornerstone, footing, origin, support, nucleus,
beginning, fundament, grounds, groundwork, 5.
fundamental; synonyms (adj) chief, crucial,
elementary, important, indispensable, inherent,
main, significant, vital, core, intrinsic, major,
material, native, (n) root, 6. basis; synonyms (n)
gist, bed, derivation, justification, reason, motive,
essence, argument, background, explanation,
grounding, heart, keystone, rationale, source, 7.
main (ana); synonyms (adj) grand, great, head,
leading, principal, capital, paramount, prominent,
uppermost, dominant, master, (n) ocean, sea,
conduit, channel; antonyms (adj) auxiliary,
supplementary, 8. bed (yatak); synonyms (n)
couch, layer, berth, flowerbed, crib, sack, rest,
pallet, understructure, setting, course, seam, seat,
(v) embed, hump, 9. bottom (alt, dip, k);
synonyms (n) backside, behind, back, arse, ass,
bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor, posterior, rear,
valley, depth, anus; antonyms (n) pinnacle, (adj)
highest, 10. ground (toprak, yer, zemin);
synonyms (n) land, dirt, field, soil, account, country,
area, occasion, region, terrain, (v) establish, fix,
build, undercoat, (adj) crushed; antonym (n) ceiling,
11. principal (ana); synonyms (adj) foremost,
prime, big, overriding, predominant, staple,
supreme, best, (n) leader, manager, corpus, general,
lead, boss, director.
temerrt default; synonyms (n) deficit, delinquency,
omission, oversight, fault, lack, neglect,
nonpayment, want, arrears, (v) fail, laches;
antonym (n) payment.
teminat 1. security (gvenlik); synonyms (n)
pledge, protection, safety, hostage, insurance,
collateral, guard, secureness, strength, peace,
assurance, bail, cover, defense, (v) bond; antonym
(n) danger, 2. guarantee (garanti); synonyms (n)
assure, guaranty, warranty, warrant, deposit,

security, (v) certify, promise, engage, endorse,
ensure, secure, sponsor, undertake, contract.
temiz 1. clean (saf, temizlemek); synonyms (adj)
2. clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temizlemek);

absolve, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms
(adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy,
3. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk,
novel, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool,
forward, green, smart, sweet, (adv) new; antonyms
(adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid,
muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn,
dry, sweltering, 4. pure (ar, saf); synonyms (adj)
just, genuine, natural, artless, faultless, fresh, good,
guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, perfect,
virtuous, devout, authentic; antonyms (adj) impure,
contaminated, diluted, dishonored, wicked, 5. fair
(gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj) equitable,
beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial,
reasonable, candid, comely, considerable, decent,
disinterested, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival;
antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, exceptional, unjust,
partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced,
unwarranted, 6. tidy; synonyms (adj) neat, trim,
spruce, natty, orderly, respectable, shipshape,
goodish, methodical, sizable, (v) arrange,
straighten, groom, neaten, order; antonyms (adj)
untidy, disheveled, knotted.
Temizle clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz,

confusing, (v) convict.
temizleme clearance; synonyms (n) clearing,
clearage, disposal, headroom, settlement,
acquittance, authorization, license, permit, room,
acquittal; antonyms (n) blockage, retention.
temizlemek 1. clean (saf, temiz); synonyms (adj)
2. clear (ak, belirgin, berrak, temiz);

Turkish - English
absolve, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms
(adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy,
3. do (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) act, cheat,
commit, accomplish, complete, conduct, perform,
achieve, make, practice, defraud, answer, arrange,
(n) function, occasion; antonyms (v) neglect,
unmake.
temizleyici cleaner; synonyms (n) cleanser, lifter,
custodian, donkeyman.
temizlik purity (arlk, saflk); synonyms (n)
innocence, holiness, cleanness, clearness, honor,
virtue, perfection, chastity, pureness, sanctity,
elegance, integrity, blamelessness, clarity,
simplicity; antonyms (n) coarseness, guilt.
temizliki cleaner; synonyms (n) cleanser, lifter,
custodian, donkeyman.
tempo beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb,
tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse,
thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose.
temsil 1. representation; synonyms (n) image,
performance, depiction, picture, presentation,
effigy, diagram, portrait, model, copy, description,
emblem, illustration, likeness, appearance, 2.
show (gsteri, gstermek); synonyms (v)
demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, (n)
display, exhibit, produce, ostentation; antonyms (v)
conceal, disprove, hide.
temsilci 1. representative; synonyms (adj)
characteristic, typical, model, (n) agent, delegate,
deputy, envoy, proxy, ambassador, emissary,
instance, member, substitute, congressman, (v)
represent, 2. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n)
agency, broker, medium, factor, instrument,
mediator, attorney, channel, doer, intermediary,
means, procurator, surrogate, spy, (v) actor.
temsilcilik representation (temsil); synonyms (n)
image, performance, depiction, picture,
presentation, effigy, diagram, portrait, model,
copy, description, emblem, illustration, likeness,
appearance.
temyiz appeal; synonyms (n) plea, address,
application, attraction, demand, entreaty, lure, (v)
charm, request, sue, ask, attract, beseech, implore,
interest; antonyms (n) unpleasantness, (v) repel.
ten skin (cilt, deri, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel,
flay.
teneffs recreation; synonyms (n) amusement,
entertainment, distraction, pastime, play, diversion,
merriment, fun, game, leisure, relaxation, sport,
pleasure, break, refreshment.
449
teneke tin (kalay); synonyms (n) can, canister,

container, rhino, dust, blunt, cannister, mopus,
mould, (v) pot, preserve, cure, bottle, embalm,
kyanize.
tenis tennis; synonym (n) cricket.
tenkit criticism; synonyms (n) critique, commentary,
blame, review, animadversion, attack, censure,
comment, denunciation, disapproval, knock,
rebuke, stricture, complaint, objection; antonyms
(n) praise, approval, admiration, compliment.
tente canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen,
teori theory (kuram); synonyms (n) supposition,
assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis,
speculation, idea, opinion, surmise, belief,
presumption, thought, concept, postulation,
postulate; antonym (n) fact.
teorik 1. theoretical (kuramsal); synonyms (adj)
hypothetical, abstract, speculative, theoretic, ideal,
academic, conjectural, impractical; antonyms (adj)
practical, concrete, real, scientific, 2. abstract
(zet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, (v)
abridge, filch, extract, lift, purloin, (n) synopsis,
abridgment, brief, outline, precis, 3. academic;
synonyms (adj) learned, pedantic, scholarly,
studious, bookish, didactic, educational, erudite, (n)
intellectual, academician, scholar, professor, (v)
scholastic; antonym (n) realist.
tepe 1. hill; synonyms (n) height, bank, gradient,
mound, ascent, elevation, acclivity, embankment,
grade, hillock, knoll, pile, rise, (v) declivity, dip;
antonym (n) vale, 2. crown; synonyms (n) top,
apex, cover, crest, peak, pinnacle, summit,
kingdom, acme, corona, coronal, (v) cap, complete,
consummate, culminate, 3. crest; synonyms (n)
crown, brow, hilltop, zenith, upside, edge, device,
emblem, heraldry, point, ridge, tip, (v) climax, (adj)
panache, plume, 4. top (st); synonyms (adj)
maximum, superlative, supreme, (n) surface,
covering, lid, (v) best, exceed, head, outdo, surpass,
beat, better, excel, pass; antonyms (adj) worst, (n)
bottom, base, nadir, 5. cap; synonyms (n) bonnet,
capital, ceiling, detonator, closure, coif, cork,
helmet, plug, stopper, uncover, moil, (v) limit, 6.
mount; synonyms (v) ascend, climb, board, arise,
advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale,
erect, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v)
descend, drop, (n) valley, 7. head (ba, kafa);
synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, boss, foam, froth,
chieftain, executive, chair, brain, commander,
director, (v) direct, lead, command; antonyms (n)
end, subordinate, (v) follow, 8. peak (doruk,
zirve); synonyms (n) extreme, prime, bill, bloom,
culmination, flush, heyday, highlight, vertex, visor,
most, (adj) cliff, highest, bluff, optimum; antonym
450
Turkish - English
(n) trough,
9. height (doruk, ykseklik, zirve);
synonyms (n) altitude, degree, eminence, high,

level, extent, length, measure, pitch, size, tallness,
amount, extremity, depth, prominence; antonym
(n) shortness, 10. tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) hint,
bribe, clue, gratuity, suggestion, reward, advice,
baksheesh, counsel, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean,
slant, list.
tepki 1. reaction (reaksiyon, tepkime); synonyms
(n) answer, response, backlash, reply, effect,
reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling, 2.
response (cevap, yant); synonyms (n) reaction,
echo, return, respond, chant, chaunt, comeback,
hymn, repartee, (v) endurance, experience, (adj)
sympathy, cordiality, fraternization,
rapprochement.
tepkime reaction (reaksiyon, tepki); synonyms (n)
answer, response, backlash, reply, effect, reception,
rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling.
tepkimek react; synonyms (v) answer, respond, act,
oppose, recoil, reply, behave, retort, return;
antonym (v) ignore.
tepmek kick; synonyms (n) beef, bitch, gripe, thrill,
bang, charge, excitement, flush, hit, (v) boot,
grumble, recoil, spurn, protest, complain.
tepsi tray; synonyms (n) plate, dish, basket, bassinet,
case, corbeille, cradle, crate, creel, dorser, dosser,
hamper, hopper, jardiniere, lapboard.
ter sweat (terlemek); synonyms (n) labor,
perspiration, lather, sudor, effort, struggle,
drudgery, fret, labour, (v) work, perspire, toil,
drudge, exude, ooze.
terapi therapy; synonyms (n) cure, medication,
remedy, treatment, healing, analysis, answer,
antidote, care, medicine, mixture, preparation,
solution, psychoanalysis, tonic.
terapist therapist; synonyms (n) healer, analyst,
nurse, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, consultant,
counselor, shrink.
teras terrace; synonyms (n) patio, bench, veranda,
porch, balcony, yard, accommodation, backyard,
building, bungalow, cottage, farmhouse, green,
grounds, igloo.
terazi 1. scale (lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut,
balance; antonym (v) descend, 2. balance (denge,
excess, remainder, account, complement,
counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust,
offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit;
antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance.
terbiye 1. sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment,
flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth, 2. manners;
synonyms (n) breeding, conduct, propriety,
behavior, deportment, custom, usage, form,

education, grace, actions, activities, code,
cultivation, culture, 3. training (Eitim);
synonyms (n) instruction, practice, preparation,
teaching, exercise, discipline, nurture, drill,
schooling, experience, workout, coaching,
grooming.
terbiyeli decent; synonyms (adj) proper, adequate,
appropriate, acceptable, becoming, comely,
decorous, honest, modest, respectable, right,
seemly, sufficient, chaste, ethical; antonyms (adj)
immoral, unwholesome, inappropriate,
disreputable, filthy, inadequate, indecent,
unsuitable.
terbiyesiz 1. coarse (kaba); synonyms (adj)
barbarous, boorish, brutal, crude, gross, rough,
vulgar, bawdy, blunt, broad, common, earthy,
harsh, rude, uncivilized; antonyms (adj) refined,
smooth, sophisticated, 2. rude; synonyms (adj)
impudent, coarse, bold, discourteous, impolite,
mean, abusive, churlish, crass, curt, disrespectful,
impertinent, indelicate, insolent, (n) abrupt;
antonyms (adj) polite, respectful, chivalrous,
courteous, civil, decent, proper, well-mannered.
tercih 1. choice (seim); synonyms (n) vote,
alternative, favorite, option, preference, selection,
election, pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj)
best, excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj)
inferior, 2. preference; synonyms (n) choice,
inclination, liking, predilection, fondness,
partiality, penchant, precedence, preferment, fancy,
advantage, favoritism, priority, taste, desire, 3.
option (seenek); synonyms (n) possibility,
refusal, opening, will, likelihood, opportunity,
wish, call, decision, put; antonyms (n) essential,
necessity, obligation.
tercihen preferably; synonyms (adv) rather, sooner,
earlier, instead, better, kinda, quite, (adj) before,
cheerfully, eagerly, former, gladly, joyfully, prior,
somewhat.
tercihli preferred; synonyms (adj) favored, favorite,
chosen, pet, select, favourite, selected, choice,
preferable.
tercme 1. interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n)
version, construction, explanation, exposition,
clarification, commentary, illustration, definition,
interpreting, translation, analysis, description,
performance, reading, understanding, 2.
translation; synonyms (n) displacement,
interpretation, rendering, transformation,
rendition, paraphrase, metamorphosis, conversion,
shift, adaptation, alteration, consecration, edition,
induction, (v) transmission, 3. version (eviri,
uyarlama); synonyms (n) variation, account,
variant, lection, report, story, form, light, sketch,
summary.
Turkish - English
451
tereddt hesitation; synonyms (n) hesitance,
terminal terminal; synonyms (adj) final, last,
faltering, delay, hesitate, diffidence, hesitancy,

indecision, misgiving, pause, qualm, reluctance, (v)
doubt, falter, fear, hesitating; antonyms (n)
certainty, persuasiveness.
tereya butter; synonyms (n) fat, oil, cement, (v)
blarney, gloze, slaver, apply, cajole, coquet, daub,
humor, inveigle, (adj) dough, pudding, clay.
terfi 1. advancement (ilerleme); synonyms (n)
advance, promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth,
cultivation, development, elevation, improvement,
progress, progression, profit, betterment,
exaltation, gain, 2. promotion; synonyms (n)
advancement, advertising, boost, encouragement,
hype, preferment, advertisement, forwarding,
publicity, support, advocacy, lift, preference,
upgrading, propaganda; antonyms (n) demotion,
neglect, 3. rise (ykselmek); synonyms (n) ascent,
raise, swell, raising, incline, (v) climb, mount,
ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump, grow,
originate, rear; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall,
decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire.
terhis discharge (boaltmak); synonyms (n) release,
terim term; synonyms (n) name, expression, period,
style, title, boundary, limit, spell, stipulation, time,
duration, phrase, (v) call, designate, entitle.
terkedilmi 1. abandoned; synonyms (adj) forlorn,
immoral, deserted, empty, profligate, shameless,
stranded, wicked, lonely, corrupt, debauched,
depraved, derelict, desolate, discarded; antonyms
(adj) restrained, inhabited, orderly, overcrowded, 2.
derelict; synonyms (adj) delinquent, abandoned,
forsaken, neglectful, ramshackle, remiss, negligent,
dilapidated, decrepit, rickety, (n) outcast, tramp,
vagabond.
terketmek leave (brakmak); synonyms (v) depart,
forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead,
(n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break,
(adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain,
approach, change, come.
terlemek sweat (ter); synonyms (n) labor,
perspiration, lather, sudor, effort, struggle,
terletmek sweat (ter, terlemek); synonyms (n)
labor, perspiration, lather, sudor, effort, struggle,
termal thermal; synonyms (adj) caloric, thermic,
warm, convection.
termik thermal; synonyms (adj) caloric, thermic,
warm, convection.
definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding, incurable, (n)

depot, end, extremity, terminus, boundary, station,
destination.
terminoloji terminology; synonyms (n) language,
nomenclature, terms, vocabulary, phraseology,
definition, dialect, expressions, lyric, phrasing,
speech, wording, words, argot, gobbledygook.
terr terror; synonyms (n) alarm, dread, fright, awe,
dismay, fear, scare, consternation, horror, panic,
anxiety, apprehension, scourge, trepidation, brat.
terrist terrorist; synonyms (n) anarchist, bully,
communist, radical, (adj) alarmist, (v) murderer,
assassin, butcher, slayer.
ters 1. reverse; synonyms (adj) opposite, converse,
inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand,
overturn, revoke, rear, nullify, cancel, invert,
overrule, (n) contrary; antonym (n) front, 2.
contrary; synonyms (adj) contradictory, adverse,
conflicting, reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross,
different, disobedient, obstinate, perverse, averse,
antagonistic, (n) antithesis, (adv) counter, 3. cross
(ha); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v)
good-tempered, 4. opposite (kart); synonyms
(adj) diametric, hostile, opposing, opposed,
diametrical, inconsistent, repugnant, unlike, across,
discordant, (n) opponent, adversary, contradiction,
ugly (irkin); synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable,
forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely,
repulsive, surly, evil, offensive, atrocious,
deformed, despicable, grotesque; antonyms (adj)
beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing,
ornamental, 6. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, false,
ill, improper, bad, inappropriate, incorrect, abuse,
criminal, (v) erroneous, (n) damage, injure, injury,
injustice, crime; antonyms (adj) correct, good,
proper, honest, law-abiding, (adv) correctly, (v) right,
(n) justice.
tertibat gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle,
(v) harness.
tertip 1. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement,
organization, 2. order (dzen, dzenlemek,
mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 3.
arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, order,
452
Turkish - English
settlement, adjustment, classification, contract,

design, distribution, method, plan, sequence,
system, accommodation, appointment, accord, 4.
device, diagram, project, schedule, conspiracy,
figure, chart, (v) plot, intrigue, devise, conspire,
contrive, connive.
tertipli tidy; synonyms (adj) clean, neat, trim, spruce,
natty, orderly, respectable, shipshape, goodish,
methodical, (v) clear, arrange, straighten, groom,
neaten; antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted.
tesadf 1. coincidence; synonyms (n) accordance,
chance, accident, conjunction, coexistence,
concurrence, correspondence, appulse; antonym (n)
design, 2. accident (kaza); synonyms (n) casualty,
luck, smash, catastrophe, destiny.
tesadfen 1. accidentally; synonyms (adv)
circumstantially, incidentally, unintentionally,
casually, coincidentally, fortuitously, unexpectedly,
unwittingly; antonyms (adv) intentionally,
deliberately, knowingly, 2. incidentally;
synonyms (adv) accidentally, apropos, haply,
incidently, glancingly, obiter, indirectly, remotely,
seasonably, subordinately, timely, transiently, (adj)
parenthetically.
tesadfi 1. accidental; synonyms (adj) casual,
fortuitous, adventitious, chance, incidental,
unintended, unintentional, contingent, haphazard,
inadvertent, involuntary, random, unexpected,
unforeseen; antonyms (adj) intentional, deliberate,
2. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, fortune,
opportunity, probability, venture, accident, break,
contingency, fate, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble,
adventure, risk, bet, befall; antonyms (n)
predictability, (v) design, plan, 3. casual;
synonyms (adj) careless, irregular, nonchalant,
occasional, coincidental, cursory, easy, insouciant,
lax, offhand, passing, unconcerned, temporary,
carefree, light; antonyms (adj) formal, thorough.
tescil registration; synonyms (n) enrollment,
registering, enrolment, entering, entry, register,
record, registry, adjustment, readjustment.
tescilli registered; synonyms (adj) enrolled, booked,
conscript, denoted, destined, indicated, measured.
teebbs 1. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try,
undertake, 2. enterprise; synonyms (n) business,
company, concern, activity, energy, courage,
endeavour, firm, initiative, spirit, venture,
corporation, establishment, attempt, cause, 3.
venture; synonyms (n) hazard, speculation,
danger, enterprise, experiment, jeopardy, (v) risk,
stake, peril, gamble, endanger, bet, guess, wager,
(adj) dare.
teekkr 1. thanks; synonyms (n) acknowledgment,

appreciation, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise,
benediction, credit, recognition, 2.
acknowledgement (alnd); synonyms (n)
acceptance, acclaim, preferment, realisation,
realization.
teekkrler thanks; synonyms (n) acknowledgment,
appreciation, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise,
benediction, credit, recognition.
teselli 1. consolation; synonyms (n) comfort, solace,
solacement, alleviation, sympathy, 2. comfort
(avutmak); synonyms (n) consolation, aid,
amenity, assistance, support, convenience, luxury,
(v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, console,
encourage, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort,
tehir 1. exposure (poz); synonyms (n) display,
exposition, detection, peril, danger, risk, expose,
discovery, revealing, jeopardy, liability, revelation,
advertising, susceptibility, (v) disclosure, 2. show
broadcast, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate,
disclose, evidence, give, manifest, (n) appearance,
exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation;
antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide.
tehis 1. identification (kimlik); synonyms (n)
designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming,
denomination, 2. diagnosis (tan); synonyms (n)
diagnosing, distinction, identification, examination,
diorism, anatomy, breakdown, definition,
differentiation, discovery, discrimination, division,
forecast, prediction, projection.
tesir 1. influence (etki); synonyms (n) force,
authority, control, domination, charm, command,
hold, (v) affect, determine, dispose, effect, incline,
bias, direct, govern, 2. effect (etki, sonu);
synonyms (n) consequence, product, result, sequel,
aftermath, conclusion, (v) accomplish, achieve,
create, cause, complete, do, bring, carry, execute;
antonym (n) reason.
tesirli 1. telling; synonyms (adj) significant, revealing,
effective, effectual, emphatic, impressive, pregnant,
cogent, powerful, forceful, potent, trenchant, (n)
recounting, relation, notice, 2. effective (etkin);
synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, efficacious,
operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active,
important, influential, (n) competent, capable, able,
efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak,
inoperative.
tesirsiz inefficient; synonyms (adj) incompetent,
inadequate, ineffective, ineffectual, incapable,
inefficacious, feeble, impotent, futile, inactive,
inept, insufficient, unable, unfit, useless; antonym
(adj) efficient.
Turkish - English
tesis 1. facility (kolaylk, olanak); synonyms (n)
ability, dexterity, adroitness, ease, readiness,
artifice, aptitude, deftness, faculty, freedom,
installation, knack, lightness, (adj) competence,
proficiency, 2. foundation (temel); synonyms (n)
base, basis, bottom, creation, establishment, foot,
institution, principle, cause, cornerstone, footing,
fundamental, origin, support, nucleus; antonym (n)
top, 3. institution; synonyms (n) institute,
formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom,
foundation, initiation, organization, tradition,
induction, practice, college, organisation,
constitution, 4. establishment; synonyms (n)
business, company, concern, enactment, settlement,
introduction, administration, colonization,
dwelling, management, construction, enterprise,
government, inauguration, order; antonyms (n)
elimination, end, 5. works; synonyms (n) factory,
plant, workings, mill, manufactory, deeds.
tesisat installation; synonyms (n) establishment,
induction, facility, inauguration, initiation,
installment, investiture, plant, appointment,
installing, introduction, settlement.
teslim 1. delivery; synonyms (n) childbirth, birth,
consignment, discharge, rescue, communication,
confinement, deliverance, distribution, elocution,
issue, surrender, articulation, (v) address,
parturition; antonyms (n) death, dispatch, 2.
concession (imtiyaz, dn); synonyms (n)
abatement, assent, 3. surrender; synonyms (n)
resign, resignation, capitulation, release, (v)
concede, relinquish, abandon, render, capitulate,
deliver, submit, forsake, forfeit, leave, cede;
antonyms (v) conquer, resist, appropriate, fight,
persevere, subdue, win.
tespit determination (belirleme, saptama);

synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition,
resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will,
appointment, assessment, constancy, courage,
firmness, fortitude, (v) award; antonyms (n)
indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness.
test test (snamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition,
attempt.
testere saw; synonyms (v) cut, (n) adage, byword,
proverb, dictum, maxim, saying, aphorism, axiom,
motto.
testi jug; synonyms (n) jar, vase, bottle, container, pot,
bucket, jugful, pail, pitcher, tankard, (v) jail, gaol,
immure, imprison, lag.
tetik alert (uyarmak); synonyms (adj) active, agile,
quick, aware, intelligent, lively, vigilant, clever,
alive, animated, attentive, bright, (v) awake, (n)
453
alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive,

unalert, unconscious.
tetkik 1. examination (muayene); synonyms (n)
survey; synonyms (n) poll, review, measurement,
inspection, digest, examination, (v) measure, view,
appraise, canvass, prospect, assess, observe,
evaluate, examine; antonym (v) neglect.
teyit confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation,
approval, corroboration, ratification, sanction,
testimony, demonstration, agreement,
authentication, check, endorsement, evidence,
proof, substantiation, verification; antonym (n)
contradiction.
Teyp tape (bant); synonyms (n) band, ribbon, strip,
rope, cassette, seal, (v) record, videotape, video.
teyze aunt (hala, yenge); synonyms (n) auntie,
aunty, uncle, nephew, niece.
tez 1. quick (abuk, hzl); synonyms (adj) bright,
prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent,
nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous,
leisurely, dull, 2. thesis (sav); synonyms (n)
dissertation, matter, argument, essay, theme, topic,
hypothesis, premise, proposition, assertion,
contention, composition, paper, treatise, discourse.
tezat 1. contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n)
contrariety, antithesis, comparison, distinction,
difference, variation, collation, opposite, (v) differ,
conflict, oppose, collate, diverge, clash,
counterpoint; antonym (n) similarity, 2.
contradiction; synonyms (n) denial, contrast,
disagreement, discrepancy, inconsistency,
refutation, reverse; antonym (n) agreement.
tezgh bench (bank); synonyms (n) settle, chair,
court, terrace, workbench, bank, bar, judicatory,
board, couch, form, judiciary, table, tribunal.
tezgahtar clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber,
tezghtar clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber,
tbbi medical; synonyms (adj) aesculapian, medicinal,
medic, therapeutic, scientific, experimental,
irrefutable, proven, quantifiable, (n) checkup,
examination.
ticaret 1. commerce; synonyms (n) business,
exchange, connection, dealings, intercourse,
association, barter, communication, conversation,
traffic, interchange, (v) trade, affair, 2. business;
synonyms (n) employment, matter, subject, calling,
concern, corporation, deal, event, job, occupation,
454
Turkish - English
profession, vocation, work, action, affairs;

antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 3. trade;
synonyms (n) commerce, swap, switch, clientele,
craft, custom, dealing, market, (v) change,
merchandise, bargain, sell, swop, peddle, (adj)
commercial; antonym (n) purchase, 4. traffic
(trafik); synonyms (n) travel, industry, patronage,
(v) truck.
ticari commercial; synonyms (adj) business,
mercantile, merchant, mercenary, profitable,
economic, industrial, (n) advertisement, ad,
publicity, announcement; antonyms (adj) charitable,
noncommercial.
t needle (ine); synonyms (n) injection, pointer,
awl, plunger, probe, rudder, spike, (v) annoy, goad,
irritate, sting, rile, aggravate, gall, nag.
tka pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs,
wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff,
wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify,
enlarge.
tkamak 1. block (blok); synonyms (n) bar,
barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder,
encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug, (adj)
lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open, 2. jam
(reel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze,
congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block,
cram, fill, force, gorge, impede, pack, 3. stuff;
synonyms (n) material, cloth, gear, matter, goods,
stock, substance, fabric, property, (v) jam, ram, glut,
load, shove, (adj) rubbish; antonym (v) unstuff, 4.
stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak);

synonyms (v) stand, close, delay, interrupt, catch,
disrupt, dwell, finish, intercept, (n) hold, stay,
check, end, cease, curb; antonyms (v) continue,
start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong.
tkanklk jam (reel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd,
fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole,
(v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder;
antonym (v) free.
tknmak bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch,
(v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape,
decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms
tkrdatmak tap (musluk); synonyms (n) pat, dab,
hit, bang, strike, stroke, touch, blow, (v) knock, rap,
broach, bug, beat, eavesdrop, exploit.
tkrt tap (musluk); synonyms (n) pat, dab, hit,
bang, strike, stroke, touch, blow, (v) knock, rap,
broach, bug, beat, eavesdrop, exploit.
tiksindirici disgusting; synonyms (adj) abominable,
detestable, disgustful, distasteful, execrable, foul,
loathsome, nasty, odious, offensive, disagreeable,
abhorrent, awful, dirty, hateful; antonyms (adj)
attractive, pleasant, appealing.
tiksindirmek disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy,

tiksinme disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy,
tilki fox; synonyms (n) dodger, slyboots, (v) confound,
confuse, fob, bewilder, fuddle, bedevil, befuddle,
discombobulate.
tim team (takm); synonyms (n) crew, company,
gang, squad, organization, party, side, troop,
couple, brigade, faction, group, (v) pair, band, (adj)
rank.
tmar manor; synonyms (n) domain, land, mansion,
castle, residence, seigniory.
tmarhane institution; synonyms (n) creation,
organization, tradition, induction, practice, college.
tinsel spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy,
tip 1. type (tr, yazmak); synonyms (n) pattern,
character, kind, nature, sort, breed, category,
stamp, brand, emblem, font, form, manner, print,
(adj) model, 2. norm; synonyms (n) average, mean,
measure, mode, criterion, median, gauge, par,
principle, rule, 3. cast (atmak, kalp); synonyms
(v) hurl, throw, shed, fling, shape, chuck, dump,
figure, heave, mould, pitch, (n) appearance, casting,
mold, type, 4. sort (snflandrmak); synonyms
(n) assortment, description, rank, variety, fashion,
order, organize, range, (v) class, group, arrange,
classify, divide, assort, (adj) genus.
tp medicine; synonyms (n) cure, drug, medicament,
medication, physic, remedy, therapy, treatment,
cathartic, potion, preparation, antidote, (v)
medicate.
tipik 1. typical; synonyms (adj) characteristic, regular,
classic, distinctive, model, average, natural,
figurative, conventional, distinguishing,
emblematic, symbolic, usual, (v) normal,
representative; antonyms (adj) atypical, unusual,
uncharacteristic, unconventional, 2. characteristic
(karakteristik, zellik); synonyms (adj)
individual, typical, original, special, specific,
proper, (n) badge, attribute, sign, character, feature,
peculiar, peculiarity, point, (v) demonstrative;
antonym (adj) common, 3. representative
(temsilci); synonyms (adj) illustrative, (n) agent,
delegate, deputy, envoy, proxy, ambassador,
emissary, instance, member, substitute,
congressman, example, exponent, (v) represent.
Turkish - English
tpk identical; synonyms (adj) equal, corresponding,
uniform, consistent, alike, equivalent, selfsame,
similar, very, synonymous, congruent, duplicate,
even, exact, (v) same; antonyms (adj) different,
incompatible, inconsistent.
tiraj circulation (dolam); synonyms (n)
turn, airing.
trmalamak scratch (izik, kamak); synonyms (n)
grate.
trman climb (trmanmak); synonyms (v) ascend,
arise, clamber, escalate, increase, scale, scramble, (n)
rise, mount, ascent, acclivity, advance, ascending,
jump, ascension; antonyms (v) descend, drop.
trmanma 1. climb (trmanmak); synonyms (v)
ascend, arise, clamber, escalate, increase, scale,
scramble, (n) rise, mount, ascent, acclivity, advance,
ascending, jump, ascension; antonyms (v) descend,
drop, 2. ascent; synonyms (n) climb, elevation, hill,
incline, grade, slant, gradient, hike, inclination,
pitch, raise, rising, slope, upgrade, uprising;
antonyms (n) descent, fall.
trmanmak 1. climb; synonyms (v) ascend, arise,
clamber, escalate, increase, scale, scramble, (n) rise,
mount, ascent, acclivity, advance, ascending, jump,
ascension; antonyms (v) descend, drop, 2. scale
(lek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree,
graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip,
criterion, fur, gradation, (v) climb, gauge, weigh,
(adj) balance.
trmk 1. drag (ekmek, srkleme,

bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push, 2.
scratch (izik, kamak); synonyms (n) score,
mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v)
graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate.
tiryakilik addiction; synonyms (n) dependence,
dependency, devotion, habit, enslavement, trick,
custom, tendency, fascination, mania, obsession,
thing, bag, complex, consecration.
titiz 1. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise,
imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 2.
careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) attentive,
thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal,
mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware,
cagey, cautious, chary, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj)
careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful, 3.
particular (zel); synonyms (adj) special,
455
fastidious, delicate, exact, finicky, fussy, individual,

certain, choosy, circumstantial, critical, distinct,
especial, (n) detail, item; antonyms (adj) easy,
ordinary, (n) general, 4. difficult (zor); synonyms
(adj) arduous, awkward, demanding, burdensome,
complicated, hard, knotty, uphill, abstruse,
crabby, disagreeable; antonyms (adj) simple,
straightforward, good-natured, rewarding, clear.
titreme 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar,
2. chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak, icy,
chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool,
freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonyms
(n) warmth, (v) heat, warm.
titreim beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate,
lose.
tiyatro 1. theatre; synonyms (n) theater, house, arena,
battleground, dramatics, dramaturgy, acting,
airfield, area, bailiwick, battlefield, champaign,
discipline, domain, family, 2. stage (sahne);
synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree, level,
period, point, layer, chapter, leg, gradation, set, (v)
present, order, mount.
tiz sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter,
round, smooth.
tohum 1. seed; synonyms (n) germ, issue, posterity,
root, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus, brood,
embryo, source, beginning, (v) inseminate, plant,
sow, 2. egg (yumurta); synonyms (n) ball,
rudiment, eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock,
stock, bud, addict, baseball, cell, chunk, clod.
tok full (dolu); synonyms (adj) complete, absolute,
total, detailed, comprehensive, copious, good, (n)
entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking,
starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete.
tokat buffet (bfe); synonyms (n) blow, canteen,
restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit,
knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike, thump.
tkezleme trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion,
tkezlemek trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion,
456
Turkish - English
tokmak hammer (eki); synonyms (n) pound,
toparlanmak rally; synonyms (n) assembly, meeting,
gavel, (v) strike, bang, beat, knock, tap, club, forge,

hit, thrash, drive, drum, rap, batter.
tolerans tolerance (hogr); synonyms (n)
endurance, allowance, indulgence, leniency,
patience, lenience, margin, permissiveness,
consideration, kindness, leeway, forbearance,
mercy, approval, permission; antonyms (n)
intolerance, narrow-mindedness, bigotry,
chauvinism, extremism.
tolga helmet (kask); synonyms (n) casque, helm,
hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor,
aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate,
brigandine, buckler.
tomar roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list,
wallow.
tombul fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent,
tomruk log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block,
lumber.
ton tone (ses); synonyms (n) character, note, accent,
air, shade, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner,
disposition, feel, feeling, (v) color.
top 1. gun (tfek); synonyms (n) artillery, gunman,
handgun, ordnance, pistol, revolver, shooter,
torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker,
2. ball; synonyms (n) bulb, globe, shot, shell, bead,
baseball, bullet, dance, football, lump, orb, party,
pellet, projectile, sphere, 3. bolt; synonyms (n)
dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch,
lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, guzzle,
(adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock, 4.
roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution,
topa top (st); synonyms (adj) maximum, (n) crown,
peak, acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle,
summit, (v) best, cap, exceed, head, outdo;
antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir.
topak lump; synonyms (n) heap, chunk, knot, block,
clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment,
knob, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout.
topal game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement, fun,
bet, gamble, wager.
toparlamak collect (toplamak); synonyms (v)
disperse, distribute.

converge, meet, mobilize; antonym (v) demobilize.
tophane arsenal; synonyms (n) armory, armoury,
store, depository, arms, armaments, artillery,
dump, factory, guns, inventory, missiles, plant,
stockpile, storeroom.
toplam 1. sum; synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety,
mass, count, measure, join, (v) amount, aggregate,
figure, number, add, resume, compute, (adj) all, 2.
total; synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, entire,
gross, downright, general, full, integral, outright,
overall, sheer, thorough, (n) whole, sum, tally;
antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified, 3.
aggregate; synonyms (adj) aggregative, collective,
cumulative, (n) agglomerate, complex, pile,
combination, compound, conglomeration,
aggregation, bulk, (v) accumulate, cluster, collect,
amass; antonyms (n) individual, part, 4. overall;
synonyms (adj) broad, comprehensive, inclusive,
global, widespread, (adv) generally, everywhere, (n)
smock, boilersuit.
toplama 1. addition; synonyms (n) accession,
removal, estimation, 2. collection (koleksiyon);
synonyms (n) assembly, assortment, bundle,
gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation, heap,
mass, pile, variety, batch, pack, (v) assemblage, 3.
concentration (konsantrasyon); synonyms (n)
absorption, concentrate, application, attention,
engrossment, intensity, compactness, strength,
thickness, aggregation, strengthening,
antonym (n) distraction, 4. gathering; synonyms
(n) collection, concourse, congregation, crowd,
convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bevy,
function, audience, group, multitude, (v) muster, 5.
picking; synonyms (adj) careful, nice, (n) pick,
option, selection, alternative, choice, burling,
cream, filling, pickax, pickaxe, preference, pilfering,
plectron.
toplamak 1. gather; synonyms (v) deduce, convene,
accumulate, amass, assemble, collect, compile,
congregate, flock, garner, meet, tuck, earn, rally, (n)
fold; antonyms (v) disperse, scatter, 2. collect;
synonyms (v) gather, pick, accrue, acquire,
aggregate, cluster, collate, cull, harvest, hoard,
raise, accept, catch, derive, gain; antonym (v)
distribute, 3. add (eklemek); synonyms (v)
calculate, include, join, total, figure, lend, mix,
divide, subtract, adjoin, affix, annex, append,
attach, (n) addition; antonym (v) detach, 4. pick
(semek); synonyms (v) clean, opt, break, choose,
Turkish - English
draw, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice, option,
selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower, 5.
raise (ykseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift,
erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster,
grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, (n)
advance; antonym (v) lower, 6. aggregate
(toplam); synonyms (adj) sum, aggregative, all,
collective, cumulative, (n) agglomerate, whole,
complex, pile, combination, compound,
conglomeration, gross, mass, (v) amount; antonyms
(n) individual, part, 7. total (toplam); synonyms
(adj) complete, absolute, entire, downright, general,
full, integral, outright, overall, sheer, (n) tally,
entirety, (v) count, number, add; antonyms (adj)
partial, incomplete, qualified, 8. sum (toplam);
synonyms (n) quantity, measure, kernel, quantum,
substance, union, congeries, magnitude, body,
matter, (v) resume, compute, summarize, score,
estimate.
toplanma 1. concentration (konsantrasyon);

synonyms (n) absorption, concentrate, application,
attention, engrossment, intensity, compactness,
strength, thickness, aggregation, strengthening,
antonym (n) distraction, 2. accumulation;
synonyms (n) store, stock, accretion, mass, accrual,
accruement, batch, hoard, pile, reserve, deposit,
addition, assemblage, assembly, (v) gain; antonym
(n) shortage, 3. collection (koleksiyon,
toplama); synonyms (n) accumulation, assortment,
bundle, gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation,
heap, variety, pack, assembling, collecting,
congregation, corpus, 4. gathering; synonyms (n)
collection, concourse, crowd, convention, crew,
gather, meeting, throng, bevy, function, audience,
group, multitude, party, (v) muster.
toplanmak 1. collect (toplamak); synonyms (v)
disperse, distribute, 2. crowd; synonyms (n)
huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, army,
squeeze, compress, cram, 3. flock (sr);
synonyms (n) crowd, band, bevy, covey, gang, herd,
horde, pack, troop, cloud, batch, drove, (v) mass,
clump, collect, 4. gather (toplamak); synonyms
(v) deduce, compile, garner, meet, tuck, earn, rally,
reap, derive, converge, extract, conclude, crease,
gain, (n) fold; antonym (v) scatter.
toplanm collected; synonyms (v) composed, (adj)
calm, accumulated, amassed, assembled, cool,
sober, tranquil, poised, unflappable, dispassionate,
gathered, imperturbable, peaceful, placid; antonym
(adj) agitated.
toplant 1. gathering; synonyms (n) assembly,
accumulation, collection, concourse, assemblage,
457
congregation, crowd, compilation, convention,

crew, gather, meeting, throng, bunch, bevy, 2.
assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) gathering,
cluster, company, conclave, congress, construction,
convocation, council, flock, group, 3. convention
(kongre); synonyms (n) conference, contract,
custom, tradition, agreement, bargain, habit,
practice, fashion, compact, concord, bond,
conventionalism, conventionality, covenant, 4.
congress (Kongre); synonyms (n) intercourse,
confluence, association, synod, cockpit, coition,
coitus, conflux, 5. meeting; synonyms (n)
appointment, caucus, encounter, junction, meet,
forum, confrontation, assignation, consultation,
discussion, interview, rendezvous, session, talk,
club; antonym (n) divergence, 6. session
(oturum); synonyms (n) seance, sitting, bout, class,
period, stretch, 7. rally; synonyms (n)
demonstration, (v) banter, muster, congregate,
convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge,
mobilize, recover, ridicule, tease, jeer, (adj)
encourage; antonym (v) demobilize.
toplardamar vein (damar); synonyms (n) streak,
vena, nervure, strain, mine, temper, stripe, tone,
cast, style, fund, funicle, (adj) humor, mood, strip.
toplayc collector; synonyms (n) accumulator,
magpie.
toplu 1. batch; synonyms (n) band, lot, body, battery,
charge, group, heap, mass, set, suite, consignment,
bunch, bundle, cluster, clutch, 2. collective;
synonyms (adj) aggregate, general, joint, common,
cumulative, generic, mutual, communal,
community, cooperative, corporate, social,
unanimous, united, (n) commune; antonyms (adj)
capitalist, distributive, private.
topluluk 1. community; synonyms (n) association,
public, agreement, commune, nation, people,
brotherhood, likeness, company, district, order, (adj)
communal, neighborhood, common, group;
antonym (adj) private, 2. gathering; synonyms (n)
assembly, accumulation, collection, concourse,
assemblage, congregation, crowd, compilation,
convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bunch,
bevy, 3. group (grup, kme); synonyms (n)
brigade, flock, gang, clump, gathering, lump,
muster, assortment, batch, (v) class, cluster, rank,
sort, arrange, assemble, 4. society; synonyms (n)
club, institution, community, companionship,
corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle,
commonwealth, guild, partnership, folk,
friendship, gild, league, 5. crowd; synonyms (n)
huddle, swarm, press, army, herd, mob, audience,
horde, knot, (v) squeeze, compress, cram, jam, pack,
458
Turkish - English
crush; antonym (v) disperse, 6. corps; synonyms

(n) battalion, detachment, regiment, troop, party,
band, column, force, garrison, host, battalia,
division, faculty, personnel, wing.
toplum 1. society; synonyms (n) club, institution,
public, association, community, companionship,
company, corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle,
people, commonwealth, group, guild, 2.
community (topluluk); synonyms (n) agreement,
commune, nation, brotherhood, likeness, district,
order, population, society, solidarity, (adj)
communal, neighborhood, common, shared, social;
antonym (adj) private.
toplumbilim sociology; synonym (n) anthropology.
toplumcu socialist; synonyms (adj) socialistic,
collective, left, communalist, (n) communist,
philanthropist, leveler, radical, utilitarian; antonym
(adj) capitalist.
toplumcul social (toplumsal); synonyms (adj)
gregarious, national, companionable, friendly,
public, common, neighborly, affable,
communicative, convivial, societal, (n) sociable,
mixer, party, society.
toplumculuk socialism; synonyms (n) communism,
collectivism, communalism; antonym (n)
capitalism.
toplumsal 1. social; synonyms (adj) gregarious,
national, companionable, friendly, public, common,
neighborly, affable, communicative, convivial,
societal, (n) sociable, mixer, party, society, 2.
communal; synonyms (adj) civic, joint, mutual,
social, community, shared; antonyms (adj) private,
individual.
toprak 1. earth (dnya, yer, yeryz); synonyms
2. ground (yer, zemin); synonyms (n) base,
cause, floor, reason, field, soil, account, basis,
footing, foundation, (v) bottom, found, establish,
fix, rest; antonym (n) ceiling, 3. land; synonyms (n)
kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state,
empire, commonwealth, (v) disembark, debark,
alight, get, drop, arrive, bring; antonym (adj)
aquatic, 4. soil; synonyms (n) grime, (v) smudge,
blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish,
defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, (adj)
blur; antonym (v) clean, 5. dirt; synonyms (n) filth,
crap, scandal, contamination, dirtiness, foulness,
impurity, muck, pollution, sludge, smut, squalor,
stain, uncleanness, 6. territory; synonyms (n)
district, dominion, area, region, province,
jurisdiction, expanse, possession, terrain,
environment, habitat, sphere, community, section,
space, 7. tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet,
dissertation, extent, lot, plot, belt, stretch, track,
tractate, treatise, circuit, county, discourse,
exposition.
topraklamak ground (toprak, yer, zemin);

synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor, reason, dirt,
field, soil, account, country, basis, (v) bottom,
found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling.
toptan wholesale; synonyms (adj) sweeping,
extensive, indiscriminate, broad, comprehensive,
(adv) entirely, all, (n) retail, selling, (v) sell; antonym
(adj) partial.
topuk heel; synonyms (n) blackguard, counter, dog,
cad, scoundrel, shoe, sole, villain, bounder, (v) list,
lean.
torba 1. bag (anta); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch,
package, briefcase, purse, sack, case, container,
knapsack, (v) bulge, capture, catch, filch, hook, net,
2. sack; synonyms (n) sac, poke, rape, (v) pillage,
bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire,
ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire.
tre custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit,
(adj) bespoke.
trebilim ethics (etik); synonyms (n) morality,
morals, conscience, behavior, philosophy, code,
dignity, ethology, ideology, principle, principles,
scruples, standards, tradition, values.
trel 1. ethical; synonyms (adj) ethic, decent, just,
moral, right, upright, good, virtuous, honest,
honorable, righteous; antonyms (adj) immoral,
unethical, 2. moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, chaste,
proper, noble, pure, religious, fair, honourable,
worthy, (n) lesson, meaning, significance, example,
byword; antonyms (adj) bad, unwholesome.
tren ceremony; synonyms (n) formality, courtesy,
celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite,
manners, custom, form, liturgy, magnificence,
trensel ritual; synonyms (adj) ceremonial, formal,
conventional, ritualistic, (n) rite, ceremony, custom,
formality, form, habit, liturgy, observance,
sacrament, usage, service.
torpido egg (yumurta); synonyms (n) ball, rudiment,
eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock,
bud, embryo, nucleus, addict, baseball, beginning.
torpil influence (etki); synonyms (n) force, authority,
control, domination, charm, command, hold, (v)
affect, determine, dispose, effect, incline, bias,
direct, govern.
trp file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document,
trplemek file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive,
arrange.
tortu 1. grounds; synonyms (n) cause, dregs, ground,
reason, account, basis, foundation, justification,
motive, evidence, field, rationale, deposit,
Turkish - English
explanation, land, 2. deposit (mevduat);
synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap,
hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose,
cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw, 3.
sediment; synonyms (n) deposition, grounds,
substance, filth, refuse, settling.
toslamak ram (ko); synonyms (n) tup, (v) beat, cram,
crash, drive, jam, pack, push, force, fill, bump,
pound, press, squeeze, stuff.
toy green (yeil); synonyms (adj) fresh, callow,
immature, emerald, jealous, raw, young, youthful,
crude, envious, grassy, gullible, inexperienced,
juvenile, (n) lawn; antonym (adj) experienced.
toz 1. powder (barut); synonyms (n) dust,
gunpowder, explosive, (v) grind, crush, pound,
pulverise, pulverize, sprinkle, bespangle, 2. dust;
synonyms (n) powder, dirt, grit, relics, remains,
rhino, soil, blunt, debris, defunct, (v) clean, spray,
wipe, spread, scatter.
tozlu dusty; synonyms (adj) powdery, dirty, sandy,
sooty, dry, mealy, branny, pulverulent, unclean.
trafik traffic; synonyms (n) dealings, commerce,
business, dealing, interchange, intercourse, travel,
(v) exchange, trade, deal, barter, bargain, truck,
custom, employment.
trajedi tragedy; synonyms (n) catastrophe, calamity,
disaster, misfortune, play, cataclysm, drama, bale;
antonym (n) humor.
trajik tragic; synonyms (adj) sad, calamitous,
disastrous, dreadful, grievous, catastrophic,
unlucky, tragical, unfortunate, woeful, comic,
heartbreaking, histrionic, scenic; antonyms (adj)
amusing, humorous.
traktr tractor; synonyms (n) backhoe, grader,
steamroller.
transfer transfer (aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms
(n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry,
change, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit,
transport, commit, consign, deliver, give;
antonyms (v) hold, keep.
transformasyon transformation; synonyms (n)
conversion, alteration, metamorphosis, change,
shift, mutation, metabolism, modification,
translation, transmutation, improvement,
rectification, transmogrification, version.
transkripsiyon transcription; synonyms (n)
transcript, recording, copy, arrangement, record,
reproduction, action, agreement, arranging,
imitation, notes, organisation, organization,
placement, preparation.
transmisyon transmission; synonyms (n) circulation,
transmitting.
459
travma trauma; synonyms (n) injury, hurt, wound,

shock, harm, strain, stress, concussion, damage,
anxiety, crisis, detriment, distress, impairment,
pressure.
tren train; synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim, coach,
direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline,
drill, instruct, prepare, school.
tribn stand (ayakta durmak, durmak);

tolerate, prop, erect, hold, (n) attitude, booth, rack,
base, pedestal, position; antonyms (v) sit, lie.
tropikal tropical; synonyms (adj) tropic, torrid, hot,
figurative, sunny, balmy, boiling, metaphorical,
rank, translative, tropological, close, humid, lush,
sticky; antonym (adj) freezing.
trst trust; synonyms (n) charge, confidence, credit,
faith, reliance, rely, assurance, belief, cartel,
responsibility, dependence, care, (v) believe, hope,
confide; antonyms (v) distrust, doubt, disbelieve,
mistrust.
tccar 1. dealer; synonyms (n) merchant, trader,
monger, seller, vendor, marketer, agent, broker,
salesperson, trafficker, bargainer; antonym (n) user,
2. merchant; synonyms (n) dealer, merchandiser,
retailer, shopkeeper, storekeeper, wholesaler, (v)
chapman; antonym (n) buyer.
tufan flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge,
trickle.
tfek 1. gun (top); synonyms (n) artillery, gunman,
handgun, ordnance, pistol, revolver, shooter,
torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker,
2. rifle; synonyms (n) gun, firearm, (v) pillage,
plunder, despoil, loot, ransack, steal, foray, reave,
take, deprive, gut, rob, sack.
tugay brigade; synonyms (n) detachment, army,
division, battalion, corps, legion, contingent,
battalia, column, garrison, host, wing, battery,
platoon, sotnia.
tula brick; synonyms (n) block, lump, brown, clay,
element, red, slab, unit, bone, gem, (v) mug, pot,
(adj) trump, concrete, truepenny.
th alas (eyvah); synonyms (int) lackaday, (adv)
regrettably, unfortunately, unluckily, sadly,
unhappily.
tuhaf 1. funny; synonyms (adj) comical, amusing,
droll, eccentric, facetious, fishy, peculiar, strange,
diverting, comic, curious, entertaining, farcical,
humorous, (adv) funnily; antonyms (adj) serious,
grave, 2. peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj)
individual, odd, particular, exceptional, different,
anomalous, characteristic, extraordinary, abnormal,
distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic, irregular,
personal; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical,
460
Turkish - English
3. odd (tek); synonyms (adj) grotesque, funny,

singular, chance, novel, queer, unusual, laughable,
erratic, unaccountable, casual, crazy, fanciful,
atypical, leftover; antonym (adj) even, 4. curious;
synonyms (adj) interested, inquiring, inquisitive,
quaint, quizzical, remarkable, weird, whimsical,
interesting, intrusive, meddling, overcurious,
mysterious, surprising, eager; antonym (adj)
incurious, 5. bizarre; synonyms (adj) freakish,
outlandish, outre, striking, eerie, exotic,
extravagant, freaky, incredible, offbeat, rum,
uncanny, uncommon, unconventional, unnatural,
6. weird; synonyms (adj) supernatural, unearthly,
ghostly, mystic, creepy, eldritch, macabre, spooky,
(n) destiny; antonym (adj) real.
tkenme exhaustion; synonyms (n) fatigue,
consumption, enervation, lassitude, tiredness,
weakening, expenditure, weariness, debilitation,
enfeeblement, (adj) collapse, prostration, apoplexy,
deliquium; antonym (n) energy.
tkenmi finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete,
incomplete, remaining, rough.
tketici 1. consumer; synonyms (n) buyer, client,
customer, patron, purchaser, shopper, procurer,
payer, (adj) capitalist, consumerist, entrepreneurial,
industrial, commercial; antonym (n) seller, 2. user
(kullanc); synonyms (n) consumer, exploiter,
addict, freeloader, idler, moocher, occupant,
scrounger, slacker, stealer, beggar, use, (v) take;
antonym (n) dealer.
tketim consumption; synonyms (n) expenditure,
decline, use, expense, diminution, exhaustion,
ingestion, intake, phthisis, uptake, decay, eating, (v)
tabes, attenuation, collapse.
tketmek 1. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,
antonym (v) bolster, 2. spend; synonyms (v)
expend, squander, blow, pass, wear, lead, invest,
draw, drop, employ, lavish, use, destroy, hand,
scatter; antonyms (v) save, conserve.
tulum skin (cilt, deri, kabuk, post); synonyms (n)
peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust,
flay.
tulumba pump (pompalamak); synonyms (n) heart,
pumps, ticker, (v) interrogate, draw, examine, milk,
question.
tm 1. all (btn, hepsi); synonyms (adv) whole,
purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece,
(adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone,
(n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det)
some, 2. full (dolu); synonyms (adj) absolute,
total, detailed, comprehensive, copious, good,

plump, (n) entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty,
lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, 3.
entire (btn); synonyms (adj) all, integral,
perfect, utter, clean, full, intact, mere, unbroken,
undivided, radical, dead, (n) stallion, stark,
unabridged; antonym (adj) partial, 4. total
(toplam); synonyms (adj) downright, general,
outright, overall, sheer, thorough, unconditional,
(n) amount, sum, tally, entirety, (v) count, number,
figure, add; antonym (adj) qualified.
tmce sentence; synonyms (n) judgment, finding,
decision, condemnation, conviction, phrase,
penalty, punishment, verdict, (v) condemn, convict,
doom, judge, damn, adjudge.
tmcecik phrase; synonyms (n) expression, idiom,
word, diction, locution, passage, parlance, (v)
express, formulate, couch, articulate, put,
enunciate.
tmden wholly; synonyms (adv) completely, entirely,
totally, all, altogether, absolutely, fully, quite,
utterly, exclusively, thoroughly, very, (adj)
perfectly, solely, simply; antonyms (adv) partly,
partially.
tmevarm induction; synonyms (n) inauguration,
deduction, initiation, beginning, elicitation,
inductance, installation, introduction, presentation,
analysis, calculation, consecration, dialectics,
dissection, evocation.
tmlemek integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate,
exclude, segregate.
tmlev integral (btn); synonyms (adj) complete,
entire, inherent, full, constitutional, inbuilt, intact,
total, constituent, all, integrant, organic, perfect, (n)
whole, differential.
tmlevleme integration; synonyms (n)
amalgamation, consolidation, embodiment,
integrating, merger, fusion, synthesis,
desegregation, (v) addition; antonym (n)
segregation.
tmr 1. tumour; synonyms (n) tumor, neoplasm,
gall, 2. vegetation; synonyms (n) flora, growth,
plants, foliage, quietism, plant, bushes, flowers,
idleness, shrubs, undergrowth, grass, leaves.
tmsek 1. prominence; synonyms (n) eminence,
hump, importance, protuberance, height, bulge,
consequence, distinction, projection, celebrity,
fame, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity;
antonym (n) obscurity, 2. rise (ykselmek);
synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise,
swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount,
ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n)
reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend,
plummet, retire.
Turkish - English
tm all (btn, hepsi, tm); synonyms (adv)
whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly,
apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete,
alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none,
(det) some.
tmyle entirely (tamamen); synonyms (adv)
partially.
tun bronze; synonyms (adj) bronzy, embrown,
boldness, (n) tan, brown, bust, effigy, figure,
figurine, head, iridescence, sculpture, statuette, (v)
marble, plate.
tnel 1. tunnel; synonyms (n) hole, funnel, chimney,
ferry, flue, (v) burrow, dig, excavate, bore, gouge,
(adj) mine, undermine, delve, dent, dint, 2. gallery
(galeri); synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift,
tp tube (boru); synonyms (n) pipe, conduit, duct,
subway, hose, channel, cylinder, metro, hosepipe,
television, box, piping, bulb, shaft, roll.
tur 1. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold,
coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv)
beset, 2. tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion,
round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage,
ramble, tramp, trip, turn, (v) expedition, travel,
ride, 3. circuit (evrim, devre); synonyms (n)
beat, area, cycle, district, loop, perimeter,
periphery, route, ambit, boundary, circumference,
course, detour, lap, (v) tour.
tr 1. type (tip, yazmak); synonyms (n) pattern,
character, kind, nature, sort, breed, category,
stamp, brand, emblem, font, form, manner, print,
(adj) model, 2. kind; synonyms (n) helpful, benign,
class, gentle, type, variety, benevolent, description,
(adj) friendly, generous, good, humane, affectionate,
charitable, considerate; antonyms (adj) unkind,
callous, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty,
spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable,
unfeeling, 3. species; synonyms (n) genus,
appearance, show, sight, order, stock, strain,
phenomenon, premonstration, scene, (adj) race,
fashion, (v) offspring, 4. sort (snflandrmak);
synonyms (n) assortment, rank, organize, range,
figure, grade, sorting, (v) group, arrange, classify,
divide, assort, pigeonhole, screen, separate, 5.
variety (varyete); synonyms (n) species, change,
style, variation, diversity, miscellany, variance,
mixture, hodgepodge, medley, miscellanea,
pedigree, line, make, (v) difference; antonym (n)
uniformity, 6. breed; synonyms (n) ancestry,
posterity, progeny, (v) engender, beget, multiply,
bear, brood, cause, cultivate, hatch, produce,
propagate, raise, reproduce, 7. genre (tarz);
461
synonym (n) mode, 8. class (snf); synonyms (n)

position, department, classification, course,
denomination, division, elegance, family, like,
workshop, circle, sect, (v) place, categorize, branch.
tura head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain,
front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain,
executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead;
antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow.
turba peat; synonyms (n) turf, bog, pet.
trbe tomb; synonyms (n) grave, sepulchre, crypt,
tretmek derive; synonyms (v) deduce, stem, come,
deduct, draw, result, conclude, descend, educe,
elicit, evolve, extract, gain, get, infer.
turist tourist; synonyms (n) traveler, holidaymaker,
hiker, visitor, adventurer, explorer, vacationer,
passenger, voyager, arrival, caller, guest, phaeton,
rambler, tourer.
turizm tourism; synonym (n) touristry.
Trkiye turkey (hindi); synonyms (n) dud, failure,
bomb, flop, joker, butt, coward, fiasco, fool,
jokester, loser, luggage, misfire, (adj) imperfect,
incapable.
trk song (ark); synonyms (n) melody, air, strain,
cry, warble, poem, tune, call, chanson, canticle, (v)
ditty, chant, sing, (adj) lay, ballad.
trl varied; synonyms (adj) assorted, diverse,
miscellaneous, mixed, various, different,
motley, many, dissimilar, versatile, odd; antonyms
(adj) boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform.
turne tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion, circuit,
round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage,
ramble, tramp, trip, (v) expedition, travel, ride.
turnuva tournament; synonyms (n) tilt, competition,
contest, tourney, (v) action, combat, engagement,
joust.
turta pie; synonyms (n) pi, pastry, puff, desert,
dividend, picnic, pushover, snap, candy, tartlet, (v)
volauvent, (adj) feasible.
Tr as (gibi, Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, because,
since, considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like,
(adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic.
turuncu orange (portakal); synonyms (adj) amber,
ocher, orangey, orangish, tawny, ginger, red, (n)
orangeness, lemon, etc, lime, apricot, bittersweet,
coral, peach.
tu key (anahtar); synonyms (adj) central,
fundamental, basic, cardinal, essential, chief,
important, principal, (n) guide, handle, clue,
legend, clef, password, (v) identify.
tutam cluster (kme); synonyms (n) bunch, clump,
batch, group, agglomeration, collection, crowd,
gang, knot, lot, tuft, (v) bundle, huddle, collect,
gather; antonym (v) disperse.
462
Turkish - English
tutama handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v)
tutku 1. ambition; synonyms (n) aspiration, aim,

grip, clutch, grasp.
tutamak handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v)
grip, clutch, grasp.

purpose, target, wish, intention, design, desire,
eagerness; antonym (n) apathy, 2. passion;
synonyms (n) fury, affection, feeling, fervor, fire,
love, anger, craving, enthusiasm, heat, mania, rage,
fondness, ire, (v) ardor; antonym (n) indifference.
tutkulu ambitious; synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult,
eager, energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive,
tutma 1. hold (tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain,
endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain,
have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch;
antonym (v) release, 2. catch (yakalamak);
synonyms (v) capture, hook, apprehend, get,
acquire, ensnare, intercept, snatch, (n) haul, hitch,
trick, bolt, grab, pawl, snap, 3. detention;
synonyms (n) delay, custody, confinement,
apprehension, captivity, detainment, constraint,
hold, imprisonment, incarceration, internment,
prison, restraint, seizure; antonym (n) freedom, 4.
holding; synonyms (n) estate, belongings, keeping,
claim, interest, occupation, ownership, property,
retention, take, tenure, demand, title, (adj) retaining,
5. restraint; synonyms (n) bridle, control,
hindrance, limit, moderation, modesty, reserve,
containment, curb, restriction, obstacle, deterrent,
(v) check, impediment, obstruction; antonyms (n)
excess, abandon, decadence, incentive, 6. tackle;
synonyms (v) handle, harness, undertake, attempt,
stop, struggle, grapple, (n) gear, equipment,
rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig, apparatus, outfit;
antonym (v) avoid, 7. repression; synonyms (n)
coercion, suppression, cohibition, despotism,
domination; antonyms (n) democracy, expression,
tutanak 1. record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayt,

plak); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book,
disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file,
enter, note, report, score, inscribe, 2. protocol
(protokol); synonyms (n) etiquette, manners,
ceremony, bill, formality, concordat, decorum,
propriety, 3. minutes; synonyms (n) proceedings,
record, transactions, records, journal.
tutar 1. amount (miktar); synonyms (n) number,
quantity, aggregate, measure, sum, total, degree,
extent, figure, price, volume, body, bulk, cost, (v)
come, 2. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) complete,
all, absolute, entire, gross, downright, general, full,
integral, (n) whole, amount, tally, entirety, (v) count,
add; antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified,
3. sum (toplam); synonyms (n) mass, join, kernel,
quantum, substance, union, congeries,
conglomeration, magnitude, (v) resume, compute,
summarize, score, calculate, estimate.
tutarl 1. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent,
uniform, agreeable, compatible, congruous,
constant, logical, conformable, consonant, regular,
unchanging, concurrent, unvarying, accordant,
equable; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic,
2. coherent; synonyms (adj) rational, consistent,
lucid, tenacious, clear, orderly, comprehensible,
connected, sound; antonyms (adj) incoherent,
confused, disjointed, rambling.
tutarllk consistency; synonyms (n) consistence,
agreement, body, coherence, consonance,
conformity, congruence, congruity, density,
uniformity, accordance, concord, compatibility,
consentaneousness, accord; antonyms (n)
inconsistency, discrepancy.
tutarsz inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous,
consistent, constant, reliable.
tutkal 1. cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum,
stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete, 2. size
quantity, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude,
mass, measurement, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length,
slenderness.
8. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek);

brace, encourage, maintain, boost, confirm,
corroborate; antonyms (v) oppose, neglect,
undermine, reject, weaken.
tutmak 1. hold (tutma); synonyms (v) keep, detain,
endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain,
have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch;
antonym (v) release, 2. keep; synonyms (v) hold,
preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, maintain,
commemorate, check; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 3.
retain; synonyms (v) employ, engage, hire, own,
possess, occupy, remember, restrain, withhold,
control, prevent, remain, sustain, uphold, admit, 4.
book (kitap); synonyms (n) bible, journal,
pamphlet, tome, volume, writing, text, manuscript,
textbook, copy, (v) order, apply, inscribe, list,
record, 5. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v)
capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare,
intercept, snatch, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, grab,
Turkish - English
pawl, snap, 6. charter; synonyms (n) permit,
franchise, grant, immunity, patent, (v) let, rent,
lease, take, 7. grasp; synonyms (n) catch, clinch,
appreciation, apprehension, clutches,
comprehension, reach, (v) comprehend, embrace,
grapple, conceive, cling, clench, compass, dig, 8.

maintenance, patronage, endorsement, (v) assist,
prop, back, brace, encourage, boost, confirm,
engage; synonyms (v) attract, book, absorb,
betroth, charter, enlist, draw, engross, involve, lock,
mesh, busy, bind, affiance, (adv) bespeak; antonyms
(v) fire, disengage, 10. occupy; synonyms (v) fill,
inhabit, invade, conquer, attack, dwell, enjoy, live,
overrun, reside, seize, consume, adopt, (n) interest,
concern; antonym (v) leave, 11. total (toplam);
synonyms (adj) aggregate, complete, all, absolute,
entire, gross, downright, general, (n) whole,
amount, sum, tally, entirety, (v) count, number;
antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified, 12.
take (almak); synonyms (v) obtain, return,
borrow, pick, appropriate, assume, bring, claim,
convey, demand, interpret, require, select, (phr)
accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain,
add.
ttmek smoke (duman); synonyms (n) fumes, fog,
mist, perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek,
fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj)
smudge.
tutsak prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive,
ttslemek smoke (duman); synonyms (n) fumes,
fog, mist, perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume,
reek, fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder,
(adj) smudge.
tutturmak bond (ba, bono); synonyms (n)
association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement,
attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion,
(v) bind, band, adhere.
tutucu conservative; synonyms (adj) moderate,
bourgeois, conventional, cautious, reactionary,
unprogressive, careful, right, hidebound, orthodox,
safe, traditional, intolerant, (n) square,
traditionalist; antonyms (adj) activist, wide-ranging,
(n) liberal, radical.
tutuk uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable,
calm.
tutukevi prison (cezaevi); synonyms (n) jail,
calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug,
confine, custody.
463
tutuklama 1. apprehension (anlay, korku);

synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest,
capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation,
agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n)
reassurance, release, confidence, calmness, 2.
arrest; synonyms (n) stop, check, halt,
apprehension, custody, hold, detention, (v) catch,
apprehend, collar, delay, detain, get, hinder,
inhibit; antonym (v) discharge.
tutuklamak arrest; synonyms (n) stop, check, halt,
apprehension, custody, hold, detention, (v) capture,
catch, apprehend, collar, delay, detain, get, hinder;
antonyms (v) release, discharge.
tutuklu prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive,
tutum 1. attitude (davran, tavr); synonyms (n)
mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, 2. saving;
synonyms (n) economy, conservation, preservation,
rescue, cut, deliverance, delivery, (adj) economical,
frugal, thrifty, save, chary, except, excepting,
sparing; antonym (n) extravagance, 3. economy;
synonyms (n) frugality, parsimony, saving, thrift,
efficiency, husbandry, prudence, stinginess,
thriftiness, brevity, (adj) system, arrangement,
array.
ttn tobacco; synonyms (n) baccy, nicotian, (adj)
nicotine.
tutu 1. hold (tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) keep,
detain, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain,
entertain, have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp,
clutch; antonym (v) release, 2. take (almak);
synonyms (v) admit, get, hold, adopt, catch, obtain,
return, borrow, pick, acquire, appropriate, assume,
(n) seize, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give,
refuse, abstain, add, lose.
tutumak 1. blaze; synonyms (n) glare, flame,
burning, fire, light, hell, scintillation, combustion,
(v) flash, beam, flicker, mark, shimmer, (adj) burn,
glow, 2. burn (yakmak, yanmak); synonyms (v)
bite, blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, boil,
cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, seethe, smolder, (adj)
flush, smoke; antonym (v) dawdle.
tututurmak fire (ate); synonyms (n) discharge,
ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v)
excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel,
animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire.
tuval canvas; synonyms (n) picture, duck, sail, sheet,
(v) canvass, painting, tableau.
tuvalet 1. toilet; synonyms (n) bathroom, lavatory,
attire, can, dress, lav, privy, stool, costume, bath,
guise, raiment, commode, crapper, drapery, 2.
bathroom (banyo); synonyms (n) toilet, arse, ass,
backside, basin, bathtub, behind, bottom, bum,
464
Turkish - English
buns, butt, buttocks, canful, derriere, fanny, 3.

lavatory; synonyms (n) washbasin, washstand.
ty 1. pile (hav); synonyms (n) heap, stack, mass,
congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation, bundle,
collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate, amass,
crowd, 2. hair (sa); synonyms (n) fuzz, coat,
down, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, haircloth, locks, pile,
coiffure, (adj) brush, clipping, driblet, 3. down
(aa); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected,
depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited,
downcast, downhearted, gloomy, (n) feather, hair,
(v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj)
cheerful, happy, upward.
tyl rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard,
tuz salt; synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust,
mopus, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent,
season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm.
tuzak 1. trap (yakalamak); synonyms (n) snare, net,
ambush, gin, mesh, noose, entanglement,
ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap, ensnare, trick,
entangle, capture, 2. net (a, net); synonyms (adj)
final, last, (n) network, bag, lace, earnings, cobweb,
lattice, meshwork, (v) clear, gain, make, trap, earn,
knit; antonym (v) gross.
tzel 1. legal (yasal); synonyms (adj) lawful, sound,
valid, juridical, constitutional, judicial, permissible,
rightful, true, correct, sanctioned, official, (v)
unlawful, bogus, 2. corporate; synonyms (adj)
collective, common, incorporate, incorporated,
united, bodied, corporal, aggregate, combined,
associated, bodily, commercial, confederate,
embodied, incarnate.
tuzlamak salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt,
cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice,
pungent, season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm.
tuzlu salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt,
tuzluk salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt,
tzk 1. statute (kural, yasa); synonyms (n) law,
ordinance, rule, constitution, decree, charter, act,
canon, edict, enactment, regulation, code, order,
ruling, bill, 2. constitution (anayasa); synonyms
(n) composition, makeup, organization,
temperament, build, foundation, character,
construction, disposition, formation, structure,
architecture, arrangement, configuration, (adj)
nature, 3. rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern,
dominion, principle, regulate, reign, authority,
dictate, government, line, (v) command, control,

influence, direct, dominate, measure, 4.
regulations; synonyms (n) policy, system,
convention, 5. rules; synonyms (n) regulations,
etiquette.
U
u 1. point (gstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place,
grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot,
mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level, 2.
terminal (terminal); synonyms (adj) final, last,
definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding, incurable, (n)
depot, end, extremity, terminus, boundary, station,
destination, 3. tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) top,
hint, point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown,
gratuity, suggestion, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean,
slant, 4. extreme (ar); synonyms (adj) deep,
excessive, enormous, immoderate, intense, severe,
supreme, terrible, ultimate, utmost, uttermost,
drastic, extraordinary, exceeding, exorbitant;
antonyms (adj) middle, reasonable, near, (n) mild,
moderate, slight, 5. end (bitirmek, bitmek,
erek, son); synonyms (n) close, closure,
conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, tail, effect,
(v) cease, complete, finish, discontinue, conclude,
(prep) consequence; antonyms (n) beginning,
maintenance, opening, (v) start, begin, continue, 6.
peak (doruk, zirve); synonyms (n) crest,
maximum, acme, climax, extreme, height,
mountain, prime, summit, tip, bill, bloom,
culmination, flush, (adj) cliff; antonyms (n) nadir,
base, trough, 7. limit (snr); synonyms (n) bound,
brink, compass, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe,
confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, constrain,
curtail, cramp, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center,
uak 1. aircraft (uaklar); synonyms (n) airplane,
airliner, craft, plane, vessel, airship, blimp, boat,
dirigible, hydroplane, jumbo, vehicle, zeppelin, jet,
seaplane, 2. aeroplane; synonym (n) sheet, 3.
plane (planya); synonyms (n) face, aeroplane,
aircraft, degree, stage, surface, facet, (v) flatten,
shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth,
flush, 4. craft; synonyms (n) ability, art, cunning,
trade, artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, artifice,
business, deceit, job, occupation, profession, skill,
5. kite (uurtma); synonyms (n) parachute,
epistle, former, letter, slip, (v) scram.
uaklar aircraft (uak); synonyms (n) airplane,
airliner, craft, plane, vessel, airship, blimp, boat,
dirigible, hydroplane, jumbo, vehicle, zeppelin, jet,
seaplane.
uan flying; synonyms (adj) fast, fluttering, quick,
rapid, swift, aflare, flaring, moving, (n) fly, flight.
Turkish - English
ubirim terminal (terminal); synonyms (adj) final,
last, definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding,
incurable, (n) depot, end, extremity, terminus,
boundary, station, destination.
Uma 1. fly (sinek, umak); synonyms (v) escape,
dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter,
hop, hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 2. flight
(uu); synonyms (n) herd, flying, run, avolation,
exodus, elopement, evasion, departure, aviation,
flock, retreat, (adj) bevy, drove, cloud, (v) bolt.
umak 1. fly (sinek); synonyms (v) escape, dash,
drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop,
hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 2. wing (ek
bina, kanat); synonyms (n) annex, arm, fender,
limb, pinion, flank, extension, pennon, feather,
faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly, soar.
ucube monster; synonyms (n) giant, beast, brute,
demon, devil, fiend, freak, behemoth, colossus,
monstrosity, ogre, prodigy, chimera, (adj) huge,
stupendous.
uucu volatile; synonyms (adj) changeable, erratic,
frivolous, unstable, mercurial, giddy, capricious,
flighty, variable, inconstant, excitable, unsteady,
airy, light, (v) fickle; antonym (adj) stable.
uurmak fly (sinek, umak); synonyms (v) escape,
dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter,
hop, hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst.
uurtma kite; synonyms (n) parachute, airplane,
epistle, former, letter, slip, (v) scram.
uurum 1. cliff; synonyms (n) bluff, precipice, hill,
mountain, promontory, (adj) wall, 2. gulf;
synonyms (n) abyss, chasm, bay, cove, abysm, inlet,
pit, ravine, rift, hollow.
uu 1. flight; synonyms (n) escape, herd, flying, run,
avolation, exodus, elopement, evasion, departure,
aviation, flock, retreat, (adj) bevy, drove, (v) bolt, 2.
fly (sinek, umak); synonyms (v) dash, drive,
flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover,
hurry, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 3. flying;
synonyms (adj) fast, fluttering, quick, rapid, swift,
aflare, flaring, moving, (n) fly, flight.
ucuz 1. cheap; synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low,
stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy,
generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious, 2. low
(alak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject,
humble, ignoble, blue, common, deep, dejected,
depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, feeble,
(adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful,
happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n)
high.
ucuza cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive,
465

Ucuzluk sale (sat); synonyms (n) fair, disposal,
demand, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival,
contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fte,
(adj) cheap.
ufack 1. tiny; synonyms (adj) little, minute,
huge, gigantic, vast, large, 2. wee; synonyms (adj)
tiny, teensy, weeny, bittie, bitty, miniature, teentsy,
(n) pee, (v) piss, make, piddle.
ufak little (az); synonyms (adj) small, diminutive,
insignificant, brief, minute, petty, short, some, tiny,
exiguous, light, baby, bantam, (v) dash, bit;
antonyms (adj) big, enormous, large, important.
ufuk horizon; synonyms (n) perspective, prospect,
purview, reach, skyline, view, vista, amphitheater,
arena, boundary, circle, eyeshot, aspect, distance,
panorama.
uramak receive (almak, kabul etmek); synonyms
(v) accept, admit, get, assume, adopt, bear, have,
obtain, welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace,
gather, greet, take.
ura 1. profession; synonyms (n) confession,
declaration, employment, occupation, affirmation,
calling, career, job, vocation, position, assertion,
assurance, avowal, business, craft, 2. struggle;
synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict,
strain, effort, exertion, scramble, scuffle, (v) fight,
attempt, dispute, endeavor, labor, quarrel;
antonyms (v) flourish, glide.
uramak 1. tackle; synonyms (v) handle, harness,
undertake, attempt, stop, struggle, grapple, (n)
gear, equipment, rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig,
apparatus, outfit; antonym (v) avoid, 2. seek
(aramak); synonyms (v) search, endeavor, hunt,
look, inquire, aspire, beg, explore, pursue, quest,
investigate, research, follow, demand, (n) ask, 3.
struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat,
conflict, strain, effort, exertion, scramble, scuffle,
encounter, (v) fight, dispute, labor, quarrel,
contend; antonyms (v) flourish, glide.
uuldamak sing (tmek); synonyms (v) chant,
hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize,
carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n)
squeak.
uurlu lucky; synonyms (adj) auspicious, favorable,
unfortunate.
uursuz evil (fena, kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj)
466
Turkish - English

righteousness.
ulam category (kategori); synonyms (n) class,
denomination, division, kind, type, variety, form,
group, level, sort, cohort, plight, brand, breed,
classification.
ulama accession; synonyms (n) addition,
ulamak 1. reach (uzatmak); synonyms (v) range,
overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make,
pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass, stretch, extent,
gain, 2. gain (kazan); synonyms (v) acquire,
benefit, derive, catch, earn, win, advance, reach,
find, come, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition,
advantage, addition; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 3.
come (gelmek); synonyms (v) approach, become,
aggregate, appear, arise, arrive, fall, befall, amount,
descend, go, hail, number, originate, rise; antonym
(v) leave, 4. arrive (varmak); synonyms (v)
mature, land, succeed, show, emerge, enter,
happen, issue, prosper, disembark; antonym (v)
depart, 5. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v)
strike, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n)
knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat,
collision, play; antonyms (n) failure, flop.
ulu 1. grand (byk); synonyms (adj) excellent,
gorgeous, dignified, elevated, eminent, exalted,
important, majestic, superb, beautiful, high,
massive, (n) glorious, noble, (v) great; antonyms (adj)
unimpressive, humble, modest, 2. supreme;
synonyms (adj) dominant, maximum, paramount,
head, chief, sovereign, consummate, extreme,
preeminent, principal, superlative, uppermost,
main, prime, (n) utmost; antonym (adj) minor.
uluma bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess,
ulumak bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess,
ulus 1. nation; synonyms (n) state, country, kingdom,
commonwealth, community, land, people,
nationality, public, tribe, clan, folk, republic, race,
territory, 2. people (halk); synonyms (n) nation,
family, multitude, populace, mob, flock, citizenry,
crowd, inhabitants, kin, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside,
dwell, live, 3. country (lke); synonyms (n)
home, area, place, realm, region, soil, district,
province, terrain, arena, (adj) rural, rustic,
provincial, arable, pastoral; antonyms (n) city, (adj)
urban, 4. commonwealth; synonyms (n)
commonweal, society, democracy.
ulusal national; synonyms (adj) internal, domestic,
home, civil, interior, ethnic, federal, native, public,
civic, racial, (n) citizen, local, subject, inhabitant;

antonyms (adj) international, foreign, private, (n)
foreigner.
uluslararas international; synonyms (adj)
worldwide, global, intercontinental, universal,
external, away, broad, comprehensive, extensive,
extraneous, important, major, outside, significant,
sweeping; antonyms (adj) national, insular, local.
umma 1. anticipation; synonyms (n) expectation,
forecast, hope, foresight, prevention, hopefulness,
expectancy, foretaste, forethought, precaution,
prediction, presentiment, prevision, (v) outlook,
prospect; antonym (n) despair, 2. expectation
(beklenti); synonyms (n) anticipation, belief,
confidence, possibility, trust, faith, probability,
suspense, thought, optimism.
ummak 1. hope (umut); synonyms (v) trust,
anticipate, confide, expect, wish, await, look, (n)
aspiration, belief, desire, expectation, faith,
anticipation, confidence, expectancy; antonyms (v)
despair, (n) reality, 2. anticipate; synonyms (v)
antedate, forecast, forestall, foretell, think,
calculate, estimate, apprehend, divine, guess,
predict, presume, prevent, intercept, envision.
umumi general (genel); synonyms (adj) common,
individual, narrow, (n) particular.
umut 1. hope (ummak); synonyms (v) trust,
despair, (n) reality, 2. prospect; synonyms (n)
outlook, view, aspect, hope, lookout, perspective,
possibility, chance, future, likelihood, panorama,
picture, probability, scene, forecast; antonym (n)
past, 3. expectation (beklenti); synonyms (n)
prospect, suspense, thought, optimism.
umutla hopefully; synonyms (adv) auspiciously,
favorably, positively, anxiously, brightly,
cheerfully, confidently, eagerly, encouragingly,
excitedly, keenly, nicely, sanguinely, well;
antonyms (adv) hopelessly, wearily.
umutlu hopeful; synonyms (adj) cheerful, confident,
auspicious, bright, optimistic, buoyant, expectant,
likely, probable, rosy, sanguine, upbeat, (n)
candidate, applicant, aspirant; antonyms (adj)
hopeless, desperate, pessimistic, gloomy, pained.
umutsuz 1. hopeless; synonyms (adj) despairing,
despondent, forlorn, incurable, disconsolate, abject,
desperate, impossible, useless, dismal, desolate,
futile, helpless, inadequate, incompetent; antonyms
(adj) hopeful, cheerful, competent, promising, 2.
desperate; synonyms (adj) hopeless, dire, critical,
Turkish - English
awful, drastic, furious, grave, miserable, rank,
reckless, serious, terrible, extreme.
umutsuzluk despair; synonyms (n) desolation,
disappointment, dejection, depression, desperation,
discouragement, dismay, gloom, melancholy,
pessimism, anguish, despondency, distress,
hopelessness, sorrow; antonyms (n) happiness,
hopefulness, expectation, joy, (v) hope.
un flour; synonyms (n) flower, (v) powder, (adj) meal,
bran, paddy, rice, spore, sporule.
unsur element; synonyms (n) component,
cause, module, point, article.
unutmak forget; synonyms (v) disregard, leave, bury,
ignore, neglect, overlook, fail, abandon, lose, omit,
slight, block; antonym (v) remember.
unutmamak remember (anmsamak,

hatrlamak); synonyms (v) commemorate,
recognize, recall, recollect, consider, record,
remind, retain, think, review, ponder, mark,
imagine, refresh, cite; antonym (v) forget.
unutulmaz memorable; synonyms (adj)
extraordinary, notable, signal, unforgettable,
eventful, momentous, monumental, noteworthy,
striking; antonym (adj) forgettable.
unvan title; synonyms (n) call, designation, caption,
claim, designate, appellation, denomination,
epithet, interest, (v) name, style, term, entitle, (adj)
right, ownership.
ur 1. growth (byme); synonyms (n) development,
accretion, augmentation, evolution, gain, increase,
addition, advance, improvement, increment, (v)
grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction,
weakening, decline, 2. tumour; synonyms (n)
tumor, neoplasm, gall, 3. vegetation; synonyms
(n) flora, growth, plants, foliage, quietism, plant,
bushes, flowers, idleness, shrubs, undergrowth,
grass, leaves.
uranyum uranium; synonyms (v) radiation,
radioactivity, tritium, plutonium, radium, radon.
urgan rope (ip); synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat,
us reason; synonyms (n) mind, account, intellect,
understanding, basis, (v) cause, argue, debate,
conclude, deduce.
uak 1. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, domestic,
boy, employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help,
slave, drudge, 2. man (adam, erkek, insan);
synonyms (n) fellow, gentleman, guy, person,
husband, homo, human, humanity, humankind,
humans, individual, mankind, mortal, (obj) he,
male; antonym (n) woman.
467
uaklk service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid,

usandrma harassment; synonyms (n) torment,
badgering, bedevilment, anxiety, molestation,
worry, harass, worrying, anguish, agony,
distraction, provocation, curse, devastation,
difficulty.
usanmak weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired,
usanm sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy,
ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased,
uslu good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit,
delicious, right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine,
nice, superior, well, advantageous, (n) benign,
wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad.
ussal rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual, reasonable,
intelligent, judicious, logical, sane, mental, just,
practical, sagacious, sensible, sober, sound, wise,
lucid; antonyms (adj) irrational, illogical, anxious.
usta 1. skilled; synonyms (adj) adept, experienced,
expert, practiced, skillful, able, accomplished,
clever, competent, dexterous, proficient, old, adroit,
capable, learned; antonyms (adj) inept,
incompetent, inexperienced, 2. master (ana, ba);
synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader,
gentleman, authority, (v) conquer, control,
command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original,
ace, 3. intelligent (akll); synonyms (adj) alert,
astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted, rational,
sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted, knowing,
knowledgeable, quick, smart; antonyms (adj)
unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, stupid,
4. expert (bilirkii, uzman); synonyms (adj) apt,
deft, veteran, efficient, good, ready, skilled,
specialist, (n) professional, critic, connoisseur, dab,
whiz, wizard, (v) judge; antonyms (adj) unskilled,
inferior, untrained, (n) amateur, beginner, 5.
clever; synonyms (adj) acute, intelligent, ingenious,
sharp, artful, brainy, cagey, cagy, neat, nimble,
sagacious, shrewd, wily, wise, (v) brisk; antonyms
(adj) clumsy, dull, 6. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal,
aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver,
give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate,
reach, grant, 7. wise (akll, bilge); synonyms (adj)
judicious, reasonable, prudent, sound, discreet,
sane, discerning, thoughtful, sage, sapient,
diplomatic, logical, (n) method, manner, way;
antonyms (adj) foolish, unwise.
ustalk 1. art (sanat); synonyms (n) know-how, skill,
talent, trick, artistry, craft, dexterity, science,
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Turkish - English
accomplishment, aptitude, artfulness, trade, work,

address, adroitness, 2. skill; synonyms (n) artifice,
ability, capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse,
cleverness, competence, cunning, expertise, facility,
handicraft, proficiency, (adj) art; antonyms (n)
usul 1. order (dzen, dzenlemek, emretmek,

mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. method
(yntem); synonyms (n) course, fashion, form,
approach, arrangement, custom, formula, manner,
order, plan, system, way, device, means, mode, 3.
way (yol); synonyms (n) method, path, passage,
road, route, track, direction, style, habit, pathway,
bearing, channel, headway, lane, (v) practice, 4.
rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, dominion, law,
ordinance, principle, regulate, reign, authority,
government, line, precept, (v) control, influence,
dominate, measure.
usulsz irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical,
utan shame (ayp); synonyms (n) reproach,
disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult,
modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor,
degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v)
honor.
utandrmak shame (ayp); synonyms (n) reproach,
honor.
utanga shy (ekingen, rkek); synonyms (adj)
utanma shame (ayp); synonyms (n) reproach,
honor.
utku 1. victory (zafer); synonyms (n) triumph,
conquest, success, mastery, subjugation,
superiority, achievement, expugnation, feat;
antonyms (n) defeat, beating, failure, loss, 2.
triumph; synonyms (n) glory, exultation, victory,
accomplishment, celebration, (v) exult, prevail,
crow, joy, rejoice, win, succeed, gloat, conquer,

delight; antonyms (n) sorrow, (v) fail, lose.
uyan corresponding; synonyms (adj) congruent,
comparable, equal, same, similar, commensurate,
consonant, alike, analogous, correspondent,
equivalent, like, matching, parallel,
uyandrmak 1. awake (uyanmak); synonyms (adj)
alive, alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent,
keen, sleepless, (v) arouse, wake, awaken, waken,
rouse, stimulate, stir; antonyms (adj) asleep,
unconscious, comatose, sleeping, sleepy, 2. wake;
synonyms (v) awake, excite, provoke, vigil, kindle,
evoke, raise, watch, (n) train, trail, backwash, track,
wave, aftermath, consequence; antonym (v) sleep.
uyank 1. awake (uyanmak); synonyms (adj) alive,
alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen,
sleepless, (v) arouse, wake, awaken, waken, rouse,
stimulate, stir; antonyms (adj) asleep, unconscious,
comatose, sleeping, sleepy, 2. alert (uyarmak);
synonyms (adj) active, agile, quick, lively, vigilant,
clever, animated, bright, brisk, careful, cautious, (v)
awake, caution, (n) alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj)
drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, tired,
slow, unalert, 3. conscious (bilinli); synonyms
(adj) calculated, cognizant, deliberate, mindful,
premeditated, intended, discerning, self-conscious,
intentional, knowing, knowledgeable, known,
purposeful, sensible, studied; antonyms (adj)
unaware, ignorant, 4. wary; synonyms (adj)
prudent, circumspect, guarded, suspicious, chary,
leery, shy, distrustful, discreet, thoughtful,
wakeful, cagey, heedful, watchful, (v) judicious;
antonyms (adj) unwary, careless, trusting, reckless.
uyan revival; synonyms (n) recovery, renewal,
restoration, resurgence, resurrection, rally,
regeneration, renaissance, revitalization, rebirth,
reinstatement, reprint, reproduction, return,
revivification; antonyms (n) decline, disappearance.
uyanmak 1. awake; synonyms (adj) alive, alert,
attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen,
comatose, sleeping, sleepy, 2. wake; synonyms (v)
awake, excite, provoke, vigil, kindle, evoke, raise,
watch, (n) train, trail, backwash, track, wave,
aftermath, consequence; antonym (v) sleep.
uyanm awake (uyanmak); synonyms (adj) alive,
alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen,
comatose, sleeping, sleepy.
uyaran stimulus; synonyms (n) incentive,
encouragement, provocation, spur, motivation,
impulse, inducement, stimulant, stimulation,
inspiration, urge, goad, impetus, incitement,
motive.
Turkish - English
uyar 1. warning (ihtar); synonyms (n) notice,
encouraging, 2. caution; synonyms (n) carefulness,
precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, attention,
circumspection, forethought, prudence,
judiciousness, monition, (v) care, warn, admonish,
advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness,
rashness, 3. notice; synonyms (n) advertisement,
declaration, information, mind, heed, message,
observation, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover,
ignore.
uyarc exciting; synonyms (adj) excited,
breathtaking, exhilarating, impressive, moving,
provocative, rousing, stirring, dramatic, emotional,
agitated, absorbing, arousing, electric, fascinating;
antonyms (adj) boring, dull, bland, insipid,
monotonous, uninteresting, unexciting.
uyarm stimulation; synonyms (n) excitation,
incentive, arousal, encouragement, excitement,
goad, inspiration, provocation, rousing, stimulant,
stimulus, motivation, kick, exhilaration, foreplay.
uyarlama 1. version (eviri); synonyms (n) reading,
translation, construction, interpretation, rendering,
rendition, variation, account, description, variant,
lection, report, story, explanation, paraphrase, 2.
adaptation; synonyms (n) accommodation,
adjustment, alteration, version, reworking,
adaption, conversion, fitness, modification.
uyarlamak adapt; synonyms (v) adjust,
accommodate, acclimate, fashion, alter, arrange,
assimilate, change, edit, familiarize, gear, modify,
shape, suit, (adj) fit.
uyarma 1. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness,
precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning,
admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection,
counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise;
antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness,
2. stimulation; synonyms (n) excitation, incentive,
arousal, encouragement, excitement, goad,
inspiration, provocation, rousing, stimulant,
stimulus, motivation, kick, exhilaration, foreplay.
uyarmak 1. alert; synonyms (adj) active, agile, quick,
aware, intelligent, lively, vigilant, clever, alive,
animated, attentive, bright, (v) awake, (n) alarm,
alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive,
unalert, unconscious, 2. warn; synonyms (v)
admonish, advise, caution, counsel, inform, alert,
threaten, exhort, notify, reprove, tell, deter,
discourage, dissuade, instruct, 3. caution;
synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution,
vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition,
attention, caveat, circumspection, forethought,
prudence, judiciousness, (v) care, warn; antonyms
469
(n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness, 4.

stimulate (tevik etmek); synonyms (v) excite,
incite, arouse, encourage, enliven, inspire, prompt,

provoke, animate, awaken, drive, energize,
exhilarate, goad, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) defuse.
uydu satellite; synonyms (n) follower, moon, planet,
attendant, orbiter, disciple, secondary, cohort,
hanger-on, colony, dependency, inferior, (adj)
ancillary, collateral, concomitant.
uydurma 1. fiction; synonyms (n) fabrication, fable,
falsehood, invention, lie, story, falsity, figment,
novel, romance, sham, deceit, fib, forgery, legend;
antonym (n) truth, 2. invention; synonyms (n)
contrivance, conception, creation, fiction,
excogitation, innovation, creativity, fantasy, idea,
breakthrough.
uydurmak 1. adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v)
temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize,
balance, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter,
arrange, (adj) dress, (n) square, 2. adapt
(uyarlamak); synonyms (v) adjust, acclimate,
fashion, assimilate, change, edit, familiarize, gear,
modify, shape, suit, tailor, accustom, conform,
convert, 3. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, meet,
correspond, accord, befit, (adj) decorous, apt,
applicable, appropriate, becoming, decent, good, (n)
convulsion, attack, burst; antonyms (adj) unfit,
inappropriate, unwell, 4. frame (ereve);
synonyms (n) design, border, build, anatomy,
chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect,
make, forge, constitute, contrive, fabric, 5. gear;
synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus,
device, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel,
contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, thing, (v) harness, 6.
square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even,
rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal,
equitable, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle,
quadrilateral, block, (v) settle, (adv) just, 7. suit;
synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case, petition,
cause, courtship, prayer, request, (v) answer,
become, match, please, satisfy, harmonize.
uygar civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic,
abrupt.
uygarlk civilization; synonyms (n) culture,
refinement, civilisation, cultivation, enlightenment,
humanity, (adj) civility.
Uygula apply (uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate,
devote, employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use,
utilize, lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate,
(n) give.
uygulama 1. application; synonyms (n) plea, appeal,
appliance, concentration, demand, diligence, effort,
exercise, petition, request, use, attention,
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Turkish - English
administration, call, claim, 2. practice; synonyms

(n) fashion, convention, discipline, experience,
habit, form, observance, application, employment,
performance, process, (v) custom, drill, act, apply,
3. enforcement; synonyms (n) coercion, execution,
compulsion, constraint, duress, force, coaction,
press, effect, overflow, fulfilling, impulsion,
insistence, lash, necessitation, 4. exercise
(altrma); synonyms (n) practice, play,
movement, action, activity, example, function,
operation, rehearsal, (v) employ, exert, train,
educate, do, utilize, 5. execution; synonyms (n)
accomplishment, achievement, enforcement,
implementation, discharge, executing, doing,
effectuation, completion, murder, end,
consummation, feat, fulfillment, killing, 6.
implementation; synonyms (n) acceptance,
functioning, agreement, approval, assumption,
completing, effecting, embracing, espousal,
running, working.
uygulamak 1. apply (Uygula); synonyms (v)
dedicate, devote, employ, ask, consume, exercise,
resort, use, utilize, lay, appeal, address, administer,
consecrate, (n) give, 2. enforce; synonyms (v)
coerce, compel, constrain, apply, drive, execute,
implement, impose, dispense, effect, impress,
accomplish, enjoin, (n) force, assert, 3. implement
(alet, ara); synonyms (v) fulfil, enforce, fulfill,
complete, perform, discharge, realize, (n) tool,
apparatus, utensil, appliance, device, instrument,
gadget, organ, 4. realize (gerekletirmek);
synonyms (v) achieve, discover, attain, appreciate,
know, make, recognize, sense, obtain, learn,
apprehend, clear, comprehend, do, earn.
uygulamal practical; synonyms (adj) operative,
practicable, efficient, feasible, functional,
pragmatic, realistic, helpful, active, expedient,
handy, positive, sensible, useful, workable;
antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic,
useless, impossible.
uygulanabilir 1. applicable; synonyms (adj) relevant,
germane, pertinent, proper, suitable, applicative,
applicatory, appropriate, apropos, available, fitting,
relative, admissible, (n) felicitous, happy; antonyms
(adj) unsuitable, irrelevant, 2. practicable;
synonyms (adj) feasible, possible, operable,
practical, achievable, doable, executable, viable,
workable, attainable, likely, handy, realizable,
usable, useful; antonym (adj) impossible.
uygun 1. appropriate (ayrmak, kendine mal

etmek); synonyms (adj) pertinent, proper, true,
agreeable, apposite, apt, congruous, correct,
particular, peculiar, right, (v) annex, allocate, adopt,
seize; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable,
unrelated, untimely, wrong, (v) surrender, 2. apt;
synonyms (adj) appropriate, adroit, apropos,
intelligent, good, able, adequate, convenient,
dexterous, efficient, fit, ready, smart, clever, deft, 3.

suitable; synonyms (adj) eligible, desirable, fitting,
due, decorous, respectable, fitted, befitting,
compatible, competent, decent, expedient,
opportune, (n) seasonable, (v) becoming; antonym
(adj) improper, 4. adequate (yeterli); synonyms
(adj) sufficient, acceptable, enough, condign,
effectual, passable, satisfactory, equal, fair, full,
qualified, ample, capable, commensurate,
corresponding; antonyms (adj) inadequate,
insufficient, unsatisfactory, 5. fit (uymak);
synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit,
adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, befit, (adj)
applicable, (n) adjust, convulsion, attack, burst;
antonyms (adj) unfit, unwell, 6. favourable;
synonyms (adj) advantageous, auspicious,
encouraging, favorable, lucky, prosperous,
comfortable, easy, booming, flourishing, golden,
halcyon, prospering, roaring, supporting, 7.
eligible (seilebilir); synonyms (adj) licensed,
experienced, practiced, privileged, single, skilled,
trained, unmarried, authorized, certified,
discretionary, employable, marriageable, nubile, (n)
bachelor; antonym (adj) ineligible, 8. convenient;
synonyms (adj) commodious, handy, near, nearby,
timely, useful, snug, available, close, happy,
helpful, pat, propitious, serviceable, suitable;
antonyms (adj) inconvenient, fixed, unwieldy,
useless, 9. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent,
uniform, constant, logical, conformable, consonant,
regular, unchanging, concurrent, unvarying,
accordant, equable, firm, invariable, legitimate;
antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic, contradictory,
illogical, unpredictable, unreliable, 10. becoming;
synonyms (adj) seemly, relevant, comely,
handsome, attractive, graceful, modest, nice;
antonym (adj) unbecoming, 11. proper; synonyms
(adj) just, neat, exact, formal, honest, individual,
moral, reasonable, valid, accurate, felicitous,
justifiable, equitable, ethical, permissible;
antonyms (adj) unseemly, rude, 12. happy
(memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj) fortunate,
contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified,
blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, convivial,
delightful, (n) blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad,
dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful, 13. due;
synonyms (adj) lawful, owed, payable, unpaid,
unsettled, legal, (adv) directly, (v) owing, (n) debt,
duty, privilege, tax, desert, claim, levy; antonyms
(adj) paid, undue, 14. good (iyi); synonyms (adj)
benefit, delicious, excellent, fine, superior, well,
generous, gentle, admirable, beneficent, beneficial,
benevolent, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms
(adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil,
bad, 15. applicable; synonyms (adj) germane,
applicative, applicatory, relative, admissible;
antonym (adj) irrelevant, 16. compatible
Turkish - English
(uyumlu); synonyms (adj) congruent, congenial,
sympathetic, harmonious, (n) consistent; antonym
(adj) incompatible, 17. acceptable; synonyms (adj)
grateful, palatable, tolerable, welcome, accepted,
advisable, allowable, believable, enjoyable,
pleasant, pleasing, presentable, bearable, (n) lief;
antonyms (adj) unacceptable, disagreeable,
forbidden, unbearable, unwelcome, 18. decent;
synonyms (adj) chaste, straight, clean, courteous,
delicate, gracious, honorable, upright, virtuous,
worthy, average, pure, wholesome, (adv) decently,
properly; antonyms (adj) immoral, unwholesome,
disreputable, filthy, indecent, 19. relevant;
synonyms (adj) important, material, crucial, related,
significant, 20. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily,
thoroughly, considerably, fully, correctly, amply,
(adj) healthy, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain,
spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill,
badly, poorly, (adj) sick, dying, nauseous.
uygunluk 1. fitness; synonyms (n) ability, adequacy,
appropriateness, aptness, capability, propriety,
correspondence, competence, competency,
qualification, congruity; antonyms (n) unsuitability,
inability, unfitness, 2. correspondence
(yazma); synonyms (n) conformity, accord,
agreement, communication, connection,
coincidence, concord, affinity, analogy, equality,
equivalence, parallel, parallelism, resemblance,
similarity; antonyms (n) difference, asymmetry,
dissimilarity, 3. convenience; synonyms (n)
advantage, contrivance, accommodation,
opportunity, appliance, comfort, fitness, leisure,
occasion, utility, amenity, benefit, easement,
expediency, gadget; antonym (n) inconvenience, 4.
accord (ahenk, anlama); synonyms (n) assent,
consensus, harmony, consonance, concurrence, (v)
agree, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit,
adjust, comply, compromise; antonyms (n)
disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict.
uygunsuz 1. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, evil, false,
ill, improper, bad, inappropriate, incorrect, abuse,
criminal, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime;
antonyms (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, lawabiding, (adv) correctly, (v) right, (n) justice, 2.
unsuitable; synonyms (adj) inapplicable, unfit,
inapt, inopportune, unbecoming, undesirable,
wrong, inconvenient, incompatible, indecorous,
unseasonable, ineligible, inept, incongruous,
awkward; antonyms (adj) suitable, appropriate,
applicable.
uyku sleep (uyumak); synonyms (n) nap, doze, kip,
slumber, lie, dream, siesta, (v) rest, repose, catnap,
hibernate, nod, lodge, snooze, quiet.
uyluk thigh; synonym (n) drumstick.
uyma 1. compliance; synonyms (n) agreement,
approval, observance, accordance, acquiescence,
471
complaisance, consent, obedience, accord, assent,

yielding; antonyms (n) disobedience, stubbornness,
nonconformity, 2. fit (uymak); synonyms (v)
agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond,
square, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable,
appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion, attack;
antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell.
uymak 1. fit; synonyms (v) agree, accommodate,
meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress,
(adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n)
adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj) unfit,
inappropriate, unwell, 2. obey (itaat etmek);
synonyms (v) follow, comply, mind, heed, listen,
keep, fulfill, hear, conform, serve, mark, observe,
respect, submit; antonyms (v) disobey, break, defy,
3. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case,
petition, cause, courtship, (v) fit, answer, become,
match, please, satisfy, befit, harmonize, 4.
observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice,
commemorate, guard, behold, discover, look,
mention, note, see, feel, attend, detect, discern;
antonym (v) ignore, 5. match (e, kibrit);
synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate,
peer, bout, contest, (v) mate, parallel, harmonise,
balance, fellow, pair, coincide, equalize; antonyms
(v) clash, contradict, 6. conform; synonyms (v)
assimilate, acquiesce, frame, obey, acclimate,
assent, reconcile, integrate; antonyms (v) deviate,
differ, 7. gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit,
tackle, apparatus, device, baggage, belongings,
thing, (v) harness, 8. comply; synonyms (v) accede,
consent, accept, allow, defer, perform, yield.
uymama breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack,
uymamak break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack,
mend, (n) continuation.
uyruk subject (konu, zne); synonyms (n) matter,
uysal 1. soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp,
alcoholic, shrill, strong, 2. easy (kolay);
synonyms (adj) comfortable, convenient, familiar,
graceful, lenient, clear, contented, cozy, casual,
comfy, cushy, easygoing, effortless, (adv) soft,
easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous,
demanding, laborious, burdensome, particular,
472
Turkish - English
strenuous, tough, awkward, formal, testing,

uneasy.
uysallk flexibility; synonyms (n) pliability, spring,
adaptability, elasticity, suppleness, litheness,
malleability, tractability, versatility, bendability;
antonyms (n) inflexibility, obstinacy, rigidity,
stubbornness, severity.
uyum 1. harmony (ahenk); synonyms (n) accord,
conformity, consonance, agreement, concord,
correspondence, accordance, congruity,
consistency, amity, concordance, tune,
understanding, (v) concert, peace; antonyms (n)
dissonance, discord, argument, conflict,
disagreement, 2. consistency (tutarllk);
synonyms (n) consistence, body, coherence,
congruence, density, uniformity, compatibility,
consentaneousness, firmness, fitness, harmony,
keeping, steadiness, unity; antonyms (n)
inconsistency, discrepancy, 3. accord (ahenk,
anlama); synonyms (n) assent, consensus,
concurrence, (v) agree, consent, give, bestow, grant,
harmonize, suit, adjust, comply, compromise,
confer, consort; antonym (n) strife, 4. concert
(konser); synonyms (n) performance, recital,
unison, (v) arrange, contrive, manage, 5. tune;
synonyms (n) melody, song, strain, air, note, music,
sound, tone, line, (v) regulate, chant, attune, string,
service.
Uyuma sleep (uyumak); synonyms (n) nap, doze,
kip, slumber, lie, dream, siesta, (v) rest, repose,
catnap, hibernate, nod, lodge, snooze, quiet.
uyumak sleep; synonyms (n) nap, doze, kip, slumber,
lie, dream, siesta, (v) rest, repose, catnap, hibernate,
nod, lodge, snooze, quiet.
uyumlu 1. compatible; synonyms (adj) agreeable,
congruent, accordant, congenial, sympathetic,
becoming, congruous, consonant, harmonious,
suitable, (n) consistent; antonym (adj) incompatible,
2. musical; synonyms (adj) melodious, melodic,
canorous, sweet, tuneful, pleasing; antonym (adj)
discordant.
uyuma 1. agreement (anlama); synonyms (n)
accord, acquiescence, concord, accordance,
coincidence, contract, acceptance, appointment,
arrangement, compliance, confirmation,
conformity, correspondence, covenant, settlement;
antonyms (n) disagreement, argument, conflict,
discord, rejection, dispute, resistance, 2. bargain;
synonyms (n) agreement, deal, treaty, buy, chaffer,
compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v) exchange,
agree, stipulate, trade, traffic, (adj) cheap; antonym
(n) rip-off, 3. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n)
nonalignment.
uyumak 1. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction,

(v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine,
aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate, 2. agree;
synonyms (v) accord, admit, acknowledge,
acquiesce, adjust, accede, bargain, concord,
correspond, fit, harmonize, suit, compromise, align,
(n) coincide; antonyms (v) disagree, oppose, differ,
argue, object, refuse, refute.
uyumaz inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous,
consistent, constant, reliable.
uyumazlk disagreement; synonyms (n) difference,
discrepancy, conflict, discord, dispute, dissidence,
argument, contention, dissension, scrap, variance,
battle, antagonism, altercation, clash; antonyms (n)
agreement, accord, harmony.
uyuuk lazy (tembel); synonyms (adj) indolent, idle,
inert, drowsy, inactive, shiftless, dull, faineant,
remiss, slothful, slow, sluggish, leisurely, sluggard,
tardy; antonyms (adj) energetic, diligent, active.
uzaa 1. away (uzakta); synonyms (adv) apart,
absent, aside, aloof, by, forth, way, hence, (adj)
abroad, distant, wide, gone, missing, (int) out, off,
2. far (uzak); synonyms (adv) widely, well, astray,
(adj) faraway, remote, much, outlying, (v)
considerably, abundantly; antonyms (adv) close,
briefly, (adj) near.
uzak 1. far; synonyms (adv) wide, off, widely, well,
astray, (adj) distant, aloof, faraway, remote, much,
outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonyms
(adv) close, briefly, (adj) near, 2. remote; synonyms
(adj) detached, inaccessible, outside, faint, alien, far,
foreign, isolated, lonely, secluded, unapproachable,
away, extraneous, removed, slender; antonyms (adj)
nearby, accessible, 3. distant; synonyms (adj) cold,
chill, cool, reserved, long, icy, indifferent,
standoffish, unfriendly, abstracted, deep, dull,
formal, (adv) apart, (n) chilly; antonyms (adj)
adjacent, friendly, neighboring, warm, pending,
alert, intimate, involved, 4. away (uzakta);
synonyms (adv) absent, aside, by, forth, way, hence,
elsewhere, (adj) abroad, gone, missing, (int) out, 5.
off (kapal); synonyms (adv) beyond, over, abreast,
(adj) bad, putrid, down, rotten, cancelled, decayed,
sour, (n) murder, (int) begone; antonyms (adj) fresh,
on.
uzaklk distance; synonyms (n) remove, space, way,
gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, period,
place, range, (v) dissociate, outdistance, outstrip,
(adj) length; antonyms (n) nearness, proximity,
closeness, intimacy, (v) associate.
uzakta 1. away; synonyms (adv) apart, absent, aside,
aloof, by, forth, way, hence, (adj) abroad, distant,
Turkish - English
wide, gone, missing, (int) out, off, 2. off (kapal);
synonyms (adv) beyond, over, abreast, (adj) away,
bad, putrid, remote, down, rotten, cancelled,
decayed, sour, (n) murder, (int) begone; antonyms
(adj) fresh, on, 3. distant (uzak); synonyms (adj)
cold, chill, cool, detached, far, reserved, long,
faraway, icy, indifferent, removed, standoffish,
unfriendly, abstracted, (n) chilly; antonyms (adj)
close, adjacent, friendly, near, nearby, neighboring,
warm, pending, alert, intimate, involved, 4. far
(uzak); synonyms (adv) widely, well, astray, (adj)
much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly;
antonym (adv) briefly.
uzaktan distant (uzak); synonyms (adj) cold, aloof,
remote, chill, cool, detached, far, reserved, long,
faraway, icy, indifferent, removed, (adv) apart, (n)
chilly; antonyms (adj) close, adjacent, friendly, near,
nearby, neighboring, warm, pending, alert,
intimate, involved.
uzamak extend (geniletmek, uzatmak);

synonyms (v) expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden,
dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go,
spread, carry, develop, increase, (adj) stretch;
shrink.
uzamsal spatial; synonym (adj) spacial.
uzanma reach (ulamak, uzatmak); synonyms (v)
range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get,
make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass, stretch,
extent, gain.
uzanmak 1. reach (ulamak, uzatmak); synonyms
(v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend,
get, make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass,
stretch, extent, gain, 2. lie (yalan); synonyms (v)
consist, repose, falsify, belong, couch, (n)
fabrication, falsehood, falsity, fib, fiction, rest,
untruth, bluff, counterfeit, deceit; antonyms (v)
stand, (n) truth, 3. range (alan, erim); synonyms
(n) area, array, reach, scope, domain, (v) line,
arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander,
align, gad.
uzant extension (uzatma); synonyms (n)
continuation, augmentation, enlargement,
expansion, addition, increase, annex, elongation,
annexe, circulation, dissemination; antonyms (n)
limitation, contraction, limit.
uzatlm extensive; synonyms (adj) big,
comprehensive, ample, broad, commodious,
extended, considerable, copious, large, major, wide,
capacious, long, roomy, sweeping; antonyms (adj)
narrow, restricted, small, limited, minor, partial,
short.
uzatma 1. extension; synonyms (n) continuation,
augmentation, enlargement, expansion, addition,
increase, annex, elongation, expanse, stretch,
development, amplification, annexe, circulation,
473
dissemination; antonyms (n) limitation, contraction,

limit, 2. continuation (devam); synonyms (n)
postscript, duration, extension, supplement;
antonyms (n) discontinuance, end.
uzatmak 1. extend (geniletmek); synonyms (v)
expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden, dilate, widen,
augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry,
develop, increase, (adj) stretch; antonyms (v)
withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink, 2. reach
(ulamak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain,
achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish,
touch, (n) fetch, compass, extent, gain, 3. hand
(el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee,
paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, commit, bestow,
afford, communicate, reach, grant, provide, 4.
continue (srdrmek); synonyms (v) abide,
remain, endure, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be,
last, maintain, persist, preserve, proceed, (n) hold,
(adj) prolong; antonyms (v) stop, end, cease,
discontinue, 5. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v)
scatter, disperse, broadcast, circulate, diffuse,
disseminate, propagate, deploy, distribute, open,
(n) span, dissemination, expanse, expansion, feast;
antonym (adj) concentrated, 6. stretch; synonyms
(n) run, extension, effort, spell, area, space, exertion,
scope, (v) strain, lengthen, draw, distend, pull,
sprawl, crane.
uzay space (alan, aralk, yer); synonyms (n) length,
gap, opening, period, place, scope, void, margin,
distance, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude,
location, range.
uzaysal spatial; synonym (adj) spacial.
uzlama 1. compromise; synonyms (n) agreement,
arrangement, bargain, accommodation, concession,
settlement, understanding, adjustment, accord,
appeasement, deal, arbitration, (v) compound,
endanger, imperil; antonym (v) dispute, 2.
reconciliation; synonyms (n) rapprochement,
harmony, pacification, reconcilement, mediation,
atonement, balancing, (v) concord, peace, 3.
accord (ahenk, anlama); synonyms (n) assent,
consensus, consonance, concurrence, (v) agree,
consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit,
adjust, comply, compromise, confer; antonyms (n)
disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 4.
settlement; synonyms (n) decision, colony, hamlet,
payment, conclusion, resolution, determination,
contract, colonization, establishment, liquidation,
village, reconciliation, regulation, colonisation.
uzlatrma accommodation; synonyms (n)
adjustment, compromise, loan, lodging, adaptation,
agreement, apartment, appeasement, convenience,
ease, facility, fitting, housing, (v) advance, (adj)
adaption.
474
Turkish - English
uzman 1. expert (bilirkii); synonyms (adj) adept,

adroit, dexterous, skillful, able, clever, experienced,
accomplished, ace, apt, (n) professional, proficient,
critic, authority, connoisseur; antonyms (adj)
unskilled, inept, inferior, untrained, (n) amateur,
beginner, 2. specialist; synonyms (adj) expert,
specialized, specialistic, choice, luxury, premium,
super, (n) craftsman, doctor, epicurean, physician,
source, specializer, analyst, buff, 3. authority
(yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, command,
sanction, administration, authorization,
dominance, domination, hold, judge, power, rule,
warrant, lordship, agency, approval, 4. student
(renci); synonyms (n) scholar, learner, disciple,
pupil, apprentice, novice, savant, trainee, educatee;
antonym (n) teacher.
uzmanlk expertise; synonyms (n) ability, capability,
competence, competency, dexterity, knowledge,
proficiency, skill, art, command, talent, aptitude,
expertness, knack, prowess.
uzun 1. long; synonyms (adj) extended, lengthy,
dragging, far, (v) aspire, desire, hanker, languish,
yearn, ache, hunger, wish, crave, (n) extensive,
large; antonyms (adj) short, brief, 2. tall (yksek);
synonyms (adj) lofty, elevated, high, exalted, big,
lanky, towering, eminent, unbelievable, strapping,
long, exaggerated, gangling, grandiloquent,
magniloquent; antonyms (adj) low, small.
uzunluk 1. length (boy); synonyms (n) extent,
distance, range, duration, compass, depth,
degree, (v) expanse, tract, area; antonyms (n)
briefness, shortness, width, 2. extent; synonyms
(n) extension, amplitude, amount, bulk, boundary,
breadth, gauge, length, measure, purview, reach,
scope, space, spread, capacity.
uzuv member (ye); synonyms (n) limb, part,
supporter, extremity, phallus, portion, appendage,
employee, fellow, section, constituent, division,
element, follower, associate.
three; synonyms (n) leash, triplet, tercet, ternary,

ternion, terzetto, third, lead, terce, tether,
threesome, tierce, trey, triad, trine.
gen triangle; synonyms (n) trigon, trilateral, reed,
trident, triennium, trionym, triplopia, tripod,
trireme, triseme, triskele, triskelion, trisula, wheel,
xylophone.
l trio; synonyms (n) triad, threesome, triplet, three,
trey, ternary, trine, trinity, leash, ternion, (adv) duet,
duo, solo.
cret 1. pay (maa, demek); synonyms (v)
compensate, compensation, liquidate, yield, afford,
clear, expend, give, (n) recompense, wage, earnings,
fee, salary, allowance, devote; antonym (v) owe, 2.

fee; synonyms (n) commission, charge, premium,
consideration, due, expense, payment, price, toll,
cost, duty, excise, fees, fief, (v) tip, 3. wage
(maa); synonyms (n) pay, income, remuneration,
stipend, (v) fight, engage, prosecute, pursue, hire, 4.
payment (deme); synonyms (n) bonus, defrayal,
installment, deposit, contribution, defrayment,
money, refund, reparation, return, reward, bribe,
cash, atonement, (adj) penalty; antonym (n) nonpayment, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation,
burden, care, command, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v)
accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault;
antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 6. rate
(oran); synonyms (n) worth, pace, value,
percentage, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate,
appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate,
merit, put, rank.
cretli paid; synonyms (v) compensated, (adj) gainful,
paying, salaried, nonrecreational, profitable,
remunerated, remunerative, mercenary, apaid,
compensable, hired, hireling, lucrative, rewarding;
antonyms (adj) unpaid, due, owing.
cretsiz free (ak, bedava, bo, zgr, serbest,

nc third; synonyms (n) second, three, inquiry,
leash, probe, question, terce, tercet, ternary,
ternion, (adj) tertiary, least, tertial, (adv) thirdly, (v)
interrogate.
flemek blow; synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock,
shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom,
blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm,
save.
lke 1. country; synonyms (n) state, nation, home,
land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, place, realm,
region, soil, territory, (adj) rural, rustic, public;
antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 2. realm; synonyms
(n) country, domain, field, arena, department,
empire, ground, province, demesne, district,
monarchy, orbit, range, sphere, dominion, 3. land
(toprak); synonyms (n) estate, property, dirt,
grounds, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop,
arrive, bring, down, perch, secure, acquire;
antonym (adj) aquatic, 4. domain (alan);
synonyms (n) ambit, compass, county, discipline,
space, class, expanse, line, manor, subject, 5. state
(devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) position,
say, show, circumstances, condition, (v) declare,
expound, express, mention, affirm, allege,
announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national;
Turkish - English
antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 6. soil (toprak);
synonyms (n) grime, dust, (v) smudge, blot,
contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, defile,
foul, mould, smear, smirch, (adj) blur; antonym (v)
clean.
lk ideal; synonyms (adj) fanciful, perfect,
consummate, abstract, classic, imaginary, typical,
(n) model, paragon, example, apotheosis, archetype,
epitome, perfection, prototype.
lser ulcer; synonyms (n) boil, ulceration, blister,
carbuncle, cyst, spot, (v) canker, fester, ulcerate, (adj)
sore, cancer.
mit 1. hope (ummak, umut); synonyms (v) trust,
despair, (n) reality, 2. expectation (beklenti);
synonyms (n) hope, prospect, outlook, possibility,
forecast, probability, suspense, thought, optimism.
mitsiz hopeless; synonyms (adj) despairing,
despondent, forlorn, incurable, disconsolate, abject,
desperate, impossible, useless, dismal, desolate,
futile, helpless, inadequate, incompetent; antonyms
(adj) hopeful, cheerful, competent, promising.
n 1. fame; synonyms (n) credit, distinction, report,
reputation, bruit, honor, prestige, renown, buzz,
eminence, hearsay, kudos, (v) celebrity, cry, esteem;
antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity, 2.
prominence; synonyms (n) hump, importance,
protuberance, height, bulge, consequence,
projection, fame, moment, bump, extrusion,
gibbosity, jut, swelling, emphasis, 3. reputation;
synonyms (n) name, face, character, notoriety,
prominence, repute, standing, glory, rank,
estimation, respect, account, praise, popularity, (v)
regard, 4. glory (an); synonyms (n) brightness,
pride, dignity, eclat, glitter, glorification, grandeur,
heaven, splendor, worship, aureole, (v) halo, exult,
boast, gloat.
niforma uniform; synonyms (adj) regular, even,
constant, steady, equal, consistent, same, equable,
homogenous, invariable, level, unchanging, fixed,
(n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted,
inconsistent, unequal.
nite unit (birim); synonyms (n) troop, element,
group, squad, aggregate, cell, team, detachment,
member, ace, company, component, part, section,
(adj) one.
niversite 1. university; synonyms (n) school,
academy, academe, faculty, institution, (adj) college,
academic, educational, scholastic, 2. college;
synonyms (n) association, institute, society,
university.
nl 1. famous; synonyms (adj) celebrated, eminent,
splendid, distinguished, famed, illustrious,
renowned, capital, conspicuous, important, known,
notable, notorious, prominent, stunning; antonyms
475
(adj) unknown, infamous, ordinary, 2. celebrated;

synonyms (adj) famous, noted, well-known, great,
brilliant, excellent, remarkable, storied, (n) glorious,

3. noted; synonyms (v) recognized, ascertained,
(adj) noble, marked, distingue, 4. distinguished;
synonyms (adj) dignified, reputable, high, superior,
considerable, distinct, ace, exalted, grand, lofty,
majestic, outstanding, preeminent, shining, signal,
5. renowned; synonyms (adj) acknowledged,
familiar, legendary, magnificent, 6. prominent;
synonyms (adj) leading, noticeable, obvious, salient,
striking, big, dominant, momentous, predominant,
influential, manifest, noteworthy, obtrusive, (n)
bold, (v) projecting; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous,
minor.
nvan title; synonyms (n) call, designation, caption,
claim, designate, appellation, denomination,
epithet, interest, (v) name, style, term, entitle, (adj)
right, ownership.
reme reproduction; synonyms (n) replica,
retici 1. manufacturer; synonyms (n) maker,
builder, artificer, creator, shaper, producer, artist,
2. producer; synonyms (n) director, manufacturer,
author, manager, cause, entrepreneur, farmer.
retim 1. production; synonyms (n) output,
exhibition, 2. generation (kuak); synonyms (n)
age, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries, offspring,
period, time, day, birth, family, lifetime,
multiplication, production, (v) germination, 3.
output (kt); synonyms (n) crop, harvest,
turnout, yield, outturn, expenditure, (v) outcome.
retken 1. productive; synonyms (adj) fertile,
fruitful, plentiful, fat, generative, helpful, copious,
lucrative, constructive, inventive, original,
abundant, creative, fecund, plenteous; antonyms
(adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable, 2. fertile
(bereketli, verimli); synonyms (adj) productive,
affluent, exuberant, bountiful, luxuriant, prolific,
rich, ample, lush, rank; antonyms (adj) infertile,
sterile.
retkenlik productivity; synonyms (n) efficiency,
fertility, fruitfulness, productiveness, abundance,
output, production, constructiveness, turnout, use,
usefulness, utility, crop, harvest, lushness;
antonym (n) fruitlessness.
retme generation (kuak, retim); synonyms (n)
age, creation, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries,
formation, offspring, period, time, day, birth,
family, lifetime, (v) germination.
476
Turkish - English
retmek 1. generate; synonyms (v) breed, develop,

bear, beget, cause, engender, get, provoke, create,
father, produce, raise, reproduce, yield, make, 2.
breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry,
sort, order, class, genus, posterity, progeny, (v)
multiply, brood, cultivate, hatch, propagate, 3.
produce; synonyms (v) give, effect, bring, present,
procreate, construct, form, frame, generate, fetch,
prepare, do, fabricate, (n) gain, crop.
rkek 1. shy (ekingen); synonyms (adj) diffident,
backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj)
outgoing, 2. nervous; synonyms (adj) anxious,
excitable, tense, cowardly, afraid, apprehensive,
shy, uneasy, firm, edgy, fidgety, neurotic, restless,
(adv) excited, agitated; antonyms (adj) calm, brave,
relaxed, 3. fearful; synonyms (adj) dreadful, awful,
craven, terrible, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful,
appalling, awesome, alarming, dastardly,
desperate, direful, frightened; antonyms (adj)
rational, unimpressed.
rkmek shy (ekingen, rkek); synonyms (adj)
rkm frightened; synonyms (adj) afraid, fearful,
scared, terrified, timid, anxious, apprehensive,
horrified, intimidated, restless, worried, (adv)
cowardly; antonyms (adj) calm, confident,
unimpressed, brave, fearless.
rpermek chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold,
bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing,
frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp,
dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm.
rn 1. product; synonyms (n) fruit, output,
merchandise, proceeds, outgrowth, crop, article,
commodity, composition, consequence,
manufacture, harvest, development, effect, (v)
produce, 2. crop; synonyms (n) craw, yield, (v)
browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune,
shave, trim, reduce, (adj) clip, shear, 3. harvest
(hasat); synonyms (n) ingathering, profit,
production, harvesting, (v) gain, gather, glean,
amass, collect, garner, get, pick, earn, assemble,
acquire, 4. fruit (meyve); synonyms (n) product,
issue, (v) result, return, building, edifice, erection,
fabric, flower, 5. yield (verim); synonyms (n)
give, furnish, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit,
cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear,
consent, provide; antonyms (v) resist, persevere, 6.
result (sonu); synonyms (n) outcome, aftermath,
answer, conclusion, end, corollary, event,
repercussion, resolution, (v) ensue, follow,
eventuate, arise, develop, lead; antonym (v) cause,

7. child (ocuk); synonyms (n) baby, boy, babe,
bairn, brat, girl, infant, juvenile, kid, minor,
toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp; antonym (n)
adult, 8. growth (byme); synonyms (n)
accretion, augmentation, evolution, increase,
addition, advance, improvement, increment, rise,
bulge, (v) grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction,
weakening, decline, 9. produce; synonyms (v)
make, bring, present, procreate, breed, construct,
create, form, frame, generate, fetch, prepare, beget,
do, engender, 10. production (retim);
synonyms (n) generation, manufacturing,
performance, creation, formation, staging,
fabrication, origination, presentation, work, piece,
growth, extension, (v) exhibition, protraction.
s 1. base (alak, baz, taban, temel); synonyms (n)
foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean,
despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n)
summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. power (g, iktidar);
synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority,
control, energy, agency, domination, intensity,
strength, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty,
capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness,
weakness, 3. station (durak, istasyon);
synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base,
depot, (v) place, locate, post, stand, lay, order, put,
set, site.
slup 1. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut, mode,
craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise, (v)
form, construct, contrive, cast, create, make, 2.
touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n)
feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit,
concern, handle, 3. wording; synonyms (n)
diction, phraseology, phrasing, language,
expression, verbiage, style, text.
st 1. top; synonyms (adj) maximum, (n) crown, peak,
acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit,
(v) best, cap, exceed, head, outdo; antonyms (adj)
worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir, 2. upper; synonyms
(adj) superior, higher, top, overhead, over, highest,
(n) amphetamine, speed, stimulant; antonym (adj)
inferior, 3. above (yukarda); synonyms (prep) on,
past, surpassing, under, (adv) beyond, aloft, supra,
up, more, (adj) preceding, former, upper, foregoing,
previous; antonym (prep) below, 4. parent;
synonyms (n) mother, origin, source, forefather,
prototype, precursor, (v) father, foster, rear,
nurture, generate, advance, advert, arouse, boot;
antonym (n) child, 5. superior; synonyms (adj)
senior, dominant, better, exceptional, predominant,
elder, great, arrogant, chief, eminent, excellent,
high, lofty, proud, select; antonyms (adj) humble,
worse, poor, (n) subordinate, subscript.
Turkish - English
stelik 1. besides; synonyms (adv) also, furthermore,
more, likewise, 2. moreover; synonyms (adv)
besides, further, and, therewith.
stlenmek 1. commit; synonyms (v) commend,
assign, charge, consign, apply, confide, dedicate,
entrust, submit, deliver, devote, give, intrust, leave,
send, 2. undertake; synonyms (v) attempt, try,
seek, 3. assume (varsaymak); synonyms (v)
affect, adopt, appropriate, arrogate, feign, presume,
sham, simulate, suppose, understand, usurp, feel,
acquire, conclude, conjecture.
stteki upper (st); synonyms (adj) superior, higher,
top, overhead, over, highest, (n) amphetamine,
speed, stimulant; antonym (adj) inferior.
stn 1. excellent (mkemmel); synonyms (adj)
choice, estimable, admirable, superior, capital,
beautiful, distinctive, brilliant, fantastic, fine, good,
great, magnificent, marvelous, (n) worthy;
antonyms (adj) inferior, poor, abysmal, awful,
mediocre, 2. paramount; synonyms (adj)
dominant, chief, main, overriding, top, foremost,
supreme, topmost, uppermost, cardinal, crowning,
leading, predominant, principal, (v) greatest;
antonym (adj) minor, 3. above (yukarda);
synonyms (prep) on, past, surpassing, (adv) over,
beyond, aloft, supra, up, more, overhead, (adj)
preceding, former, upper, foregoing, previous;
antonym (prep) below, 4. superior; synonyms (adj)
senior, better, exceptional, elder, arrogant, eminent,
excellent, high, higher, lofty, proud, select,
commanding, exalted, important; antonyms (adj)
humble, worse, (n) subordinate, subscript.
stnde 1. on; synonyms (prep) at, about, concerning,
in, by, into, upon, for, above, (adv) forth, ahead, (adj)
forward, aboard, (prf) along, against; antonym (adv)
off, 2. above (yukarda); synonyms (prep) on,
past, surpassing, (adv) over, beyond, aloft, supra,
up, more, overhead, (adj) preceding, former, upper,
foregoing, previous; antonym (prep) below, 3. over;
synonyms (adv) across, o'er, too, crosswise, anew,
again, (prep) during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done,
extra, odd, gone, out, spare.
stne over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by,
o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj)
finished, done, extra, odd, past.
stnkr superficial (yzeysel); synonyms (adj)
cursory, shallow, external, sketchy, slight,
apparent, exterior, frivolous, outward, surface,
outer, flimsy, empty, facile, ostensible; antonyms
(adj) deep, innate, real, thorough, profound, inner,
permanent.
stnlk 1. advantage (avantaj, yarar); synonyms
(n) behalf, privilege, profit, account, expediency,
477
good, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot,

avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit; antonyms (n)
drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v) disadvantage,
2. excellence; synonyms (n) distinction, eminence,
advantage, goodness, superiority, greatness,
quality, value, (adj) merit, worth, desert, mastery;
antonym (n) inferiority, 3. dominance; synonyms
(n) ascendancy, authority, control, domination,
supremacy, command, ascendance, ascendency,
dominion, power, rule, authorization, primacy,
ascendence, 4. superiority; synonyms (n)
predominance, excellence, odds, precedence,
priority, preference, cleverness, fineness, majority,
perfection, preeminence, edge, dominance,
prevalence, transcendence; antonym (n) humility,
5. distinction; synonyms (n) contrast, difference,
discrimination, rank, dissimilarity, demarcation,
celebrity, prestige, reputation, consequence,
differentiation, discrepancy, disparity, fame, name;
antonym (n) similarity, 6. odds; synonyms (n)
chance, likelihood, possibility, probability,
likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap, (v)
dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 7.
lordship; synonyms (n) ownership, dynasty,
grandeeship, judge, proprietorship, seigniory,
sovereignty.
mek chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak,
icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v)
cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen;
antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm.
m cold (souk); synonyms (adj) chilly, frigid,
aloof, callous, distant, icy, indifferent, apathetic,
bleak, cool, dead, dull, freezing, (n) chilliness, chill;
warmth.
me rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow,
attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten,
stream, (adj) burst, spurt.
mek flock (sr); synonyms (n) bunch, crowd,
cluster, band, bevy, congregation, covey, gang,
herd, horde, pack, troop, (v) assemble, mass, (adj)
swarm.
tmek chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak,
icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v)
cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen;
antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm.
t iron (demir); synonyms (n) chain, irons, chains,
(v) firm, flatten, press, smooth, (adj) hard, adamant,
inflexible, steel, tenacious.
tlemek 1. iron (demir); synonyms (n) chain, irons,
chains, (v) firm, flatten, press, smooth, (adj) hard,
adamant, inflexible, steel, tenacious, 2. press
(basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v)
478
Turkish - English

constrain.
ye member; synonyms (n) limb, part, supporter,
extremity, phallus, portion, appendage, employee,
fellow, section, constituent, division, element,
follower, associate.
yeler membership (yelik); synonyms (n)
association, alliance, attachment, connection,
contribution, input, involvement, partaking, rank,
relationship, sharing, associates, bias, brotherhood,
club.
yelik membership; synonyms (n) association,
alliance, attachment, connection, contribution,
input, involvement, partaking, rank, relationship,
sharing, associates, bias, brotherhood, club.
zerinde over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more,
by, o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj)
zerine over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more,
by, o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj)
zgn 1. sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal,
cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed, 2. sorry;
synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry, penitent,
piteous, remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic,
mean, regretful, repentant, sad, low, abject;
antonym (adj) unrepentant, 3. worried; synonyms
(adj) apprehensive, distressed, nervous, uneasy,
upset, anxious, afraid, bothered, concerned,
disturbed, troubled, fearful, restless, unhappy, (v)
afflicted; antonyms (adj) calm, carefree, reassured,
relaxed, untroubled.
zgnm sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite,
unrepentant.
zmek 1. pain (ar); synonyms (n) distress, ache,
bother, ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass,
annoyance, (v) hurt, afflict, anguish, grieve, trouble,
agonize; antonym (n) pleasure, 2. distress (ac);
synonyms (n) pain, anxiety, calamity, difficulty,
grief, torture, adversity, affliction, alarm, (v)
concern, upset, worry, discomfort, annoy, distraint;
antonyms (v) comfort, please, 3. worry
(zlmek); synonyms (v) tease, care, disturb, fear,
molest, vex, agitate, fret, harry, (n) burden, fuss,
sorrow, apprehension, disquiet, (adj) irritate;
reassurance.
zc 1. heavy (ar); synonyms (adj) dull, deep,
dark, dense, fat, full, grave, gross, hard, arduous,
bulky, burdensome, grievous, oppressive, thick;
antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, gentle,
puny, skinny, 2. bitter (ac, keskin, iddetli);

synonyms (adj) acrimonious, biting, acrid, sharp,
acerbic, acid, caustic, keen, malicious, resentful,
sour, virulent, acerb, cutting, (n) acerbity; antonyms
(adj) mild, sweet, charitable, hot, kind, sugary.
zlmek 1. worry; synonyms (v) torment, trouble,
bother, distress, tease, annoy, care, disturb, fear,
molest, (n) concern, burden, harass, pain, fuss;
reassurance, 2. sorrow (ac); synonyms (n) grief,
mourning, regret, sadness, anguish, contrition,
heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance,
heartbreak, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms (n)
joy, delight, happiness, 3. trouble; synonyms (n)
anxiety, difficulty, hardship, load, misfortune,
problem, (v) inconvenience, disorder, disquiet,
worry, afflict, agitate, distract, perturb, (adj)
affliction; antonyms (v) calm, please, 4. regret;
synonyms (v) bewail, bemoan, deplore, sorrow,
repent, rue, dislike, (n) compunction,
disappointment, woe, qualm, contriteness,
dissatisfaction, bitterness, apology.
znt 1. grief (ac, keder); synonyms (n) affliction,
dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, regret,
wound, chagrin, concern, pity, bitterness, dejection,
desolation, (adj) sore; antonyms (n) joy, happiness,
2. sorrow (ac); synonyms (n) grief, mourning,
sadness, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence,
remorse, repentance, heartbreak, hardship,
compunction, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonym
(n) delight, 3. trouble; synonyms (n) bother,
anxiety, difficulty, fuss, torment, (v) inconvenience,
burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm,
please, 4. regret; synonyms (v) bewail, bemoan,
deplore, sorrow, repent, rue, dislike, (n)
disappointment, woe, qualm, contriteness,
dissatisfaction, apology, guilt, ruefulness, 5.
worry (zlmek); synonyms (v) trouble, tease,
care, fear, molest, vex, fret, harry, mind, (n) harass,
annoyance, apprehension, hassle, misgiving, (adj)
irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness,
reassurance, 6. distress (ac); synonyms (n)
calamity, hurt, torture, adversity, alarm, suffering,
destitution, ache, shock, agonize, damage, (v) upset,
discomfort, distraint, ail; antonym (v) comfort.
zntl worried; synonyms (adj) apprehensive,
distressed, nervous, uneasy, upset, anxious, afraid,
bothered, concerned, disturbed, troubled, fearful,
restless, unhappy, (v) afflicted; antonyms (adj) calm,
carefree, reassured, relaxed, untroubled.
V
vaat 1. undertaking; synonyms (n) enterprise, labor,
promise, task, attempt, business, project, venture,
Turkish - English
adventure, endeavor, job, effort, duty, guarantee,
pledge, 2. promise (sz vermek); synonyms (n)
engagement, assurance, bargain, engage, hope,
plight, word, betrothal, agreement, (v) covenant,
contract, vow, augur, assure, undertake.
vade 1. maturity; synonyms (n) ripeness, adulthood,
matureness, perfection, majority, age,
development, readiness, prime; antonyms (n)
childhood, youth, immaturity, 2. time (saat, sre,
zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period,
duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell,
instant, interval, space, tempo, sentence; antonym
(n) death.
vadi 1. valley; synonyms (n) ravine, dale, gully, vale,
hollow, depression, gap, gorge; antonym (n)
mount, 2. dale; synonyms (n) valley, glen, abyss,
bottom, cocoon, basin, cave, cavern, cove,
foundation, glade, groundwork, grove, lees,
sediment, 3. vale; synonyms (n) slade, strath;
antonym (n) hill.
vagon 1. car (araba, otomobil); synonyms (n)
automobile, auto, carriage, coach, truck, vehicle,
tramcar, coupe, jalopy, gondola, machine,
motorcar, railcar, limousine, 2. carriage;
synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior,
conveyance, air, demeanor, deportment, gait,
manner, mien, port, position, posture, walk, (v)
bearing.
vahiy revelation; synonyms (n) disclosure, discovery,
exposure, display, manifestation, revealing,
betrayal, apocalypse, expose, inspiration,
publication, exhibition, vision, find, (v) revealment.
vahi 1. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly, barbaric,
barbarous, bestial, hard, cruel, harsh, savage,
truculent, unkind, vicious, barbarian, boarish,
rugged, tough; antonyms (adj) gentle, kind,
merciful, liberal, 2. wild; synonyms (adj) desert,
waste, fierce, boisterous, violent, reckless, desolate,
ferocious, furious, raging, rude, stormy, untamed,
giddy, rough; antonyms (adj) calm, orderly,
domestic, manageable, sane, cultivated, restrained,
tame.
vaka 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover,
instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. event (olay);
synonyms (n) case, consequence, effect, occurrence,
circumstance, contingency, fact, happening,
incident, issue, result, aftermath, time, chance,
accident.
vakf foundation (temel); synonyms (n) base, basis,
bottom, creation, establishment, foot, institution,
principle, cause, cornerstone, footing, fundamental,
origin, support, nucleus; antonym (n) top.
vakit 1. time (saat, sre, zaman); synonyms (n)
hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era,
space, tempo; antonym (n) death, 2. hour (saat);
479
synonyms (n) time, hr, nonce, crisis, minute,

lifetime, month, quarter, quinquennium, week,
year, opportunity, alarm, amazement, arcminute,
3. when (ne zaman); synonyms (adv) as, once,
then, because, than, since, equally, erst, erstwhile,
formerly, (conj) although, while, immediately, (prep)
during, (adj) following, 4. season; synonyms (v)
flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour,
moderate, pickle, ripen, spice, temper, sauce, cure,
(adj) harden, habituate.
vakitsiz premature; synonyms (adj) early, precocious,
untimely, immature, forward, inopportune,
previous, rash, unripe.
vakum vacuum (boluk); synonyms (n) emptiness,
void, vacancy, vacuity, gap, nothingness, blank,
inanity, chasm, (v) clean.
valf valve; synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door, gauge,
monitor, spout.
vali governor (patron); synonyms (n) director, chief,
manager, regulator, administrator, controller, ruler,
superintendent, leader, executive, head, master,
official, protector, warden.
valiz suitcase; synonyms (n) bag, case, grip, luggage,
handbag, bagful, base, clasp, clench, clutch,
clutches, dish, grasp, hairgrip, handgrip.
vana valve (valf); synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door,
vantilatr fan (hayran, yelpaze); synonyms (n)
vapur ship (gemi); synonyms (n) boat, ferry, craft,
bottom, (v) dispatch, send, forward, transport,
consign, carry, embark, move, transfer, post,
charge.
vardiya 1. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn,
transfer, fluctuate, 2. watch (bakmak,
seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look,
see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard,
view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance.
varil barrel; synonyms (n) drum, roll, vessel,
pot, bbl, bushel, (v) fly.
varis 1. heir; synonyms (n) beneficiary, inheritor,
offspring, successor, descendant, heritor, progeny,
receiver, scion, 2. successor (halef); synonyms (n)
heir, substitute, replacement, sequel; antonyms (n)
forerunner, ancestor, precursor, predecessor.
var 1. arrival; synonyms (n) appearance, advent,
entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment,
arriver, comer, reaching, homecoming; antonyms
(n) departure, exit, leaving, 2. coming; synonyms
(v) instant, (adj) approaching, forthcoming, future,
imminent, impending, following, near, next,
480
Turkish - English
prospective, (n) access, approach, arrival, arrive,

come.
varlk 1. entity; synonyms (n) being, existence, object,
thing, whole, article, creature, essence, individual,
item, reality, part, piece, 2. presence; synonyms
(n) appearance, front, attendance, bearing, manner,
mien, carriage, air, comportment, figure, demeanor,
company, aspect, look, (adj) breeding; antonyms (n)
absence, nonattendance, 3. being; synonyms (n)
person, animal, human, entity, presence, matter,
life, mortal, man, nature, organism, party, self, soul,
(adj) present; antonyms (n) death, nonexistence, 4.
wealth; synonyms (n) riches, abundance, affluence,
opulence, treasure, capital, fortune, property,
profusion, mammon, resources, (v) money, gold,
(adj) plenty, richness; antonyms (n) poverty, penury,
scarcity.
Varlklar assets; synonyms (n) property, belongings,
capital, funds, means, resources, wealth, finances,
resource, estate, money, possession, possessions,
acquit, income.
varlkl wealthy (zengin); synonyms (adj) rich,
moneyed, affluent, flush, opulent, prosperous,
loaded, substantial, generous, abounding,
abundant, ample, monied, successful, thriving;
antonyms (adj) poor, impoverished.
varma arrival; synonyms (n) appearance, advent,
entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment,
arriver, comer, reaching, homecoming; antonyms
(n) departure, exit, leaving.
varmak 1. arrive; synonyms (v) come, mature, attain,
fall, land, reach, succeed, show, derive, emerge,
enter, get, happen, issue, (n) appear; antonyms (v)
leave, depart, go, 2. get (almak, elde etmek,
olmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, become, catch,
earn, buy, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring,
capture, cause, engage, extract; antonyms (v) lose,
give, 3. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike,
bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision,
play; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 4. reach
(ulamak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range,
overtake, obtain, extend, make, pass, accomplish,
equal, form, arrive, (n) compass, stretch, extent,
area, capacity.
varolan existing; synonyms (adj) actual, alive,
current, existent, present, real, contemporary,
extant, instant, modern, (v) being; antonym (adj)
lost.
varo outskirts; synonyms (n) suburb, edge,
periphery, environs, border, fringe, boundary,
skirt, precincts, frontier, distance, outpost, outside,
slub, slurb.
varsaylan default; synonyms (n) deficit,
delinquency, omission, oversight, fault, lack,
neglect, nonpayment, want, arrears, (v) fail, laches;

varsaym 1. assumption; synonyms (n)
presumption, supposition, hypothesis, premise,
adoption, arrogance, acceptance, belief, conclusion,
conjecture, guess, idea, surmise, theory, notion, 2.
hypothesis; synonyms (n) assumption,
speculation, condition, opinion, postulation,
presupposition, concept, proposal, view, thought,
conception, guesswork, model, possibility.
varsaymak 1. assume; synonyms (v) affect, accept,
adopt, appropriate, arrogate, feign, take, presume,
sham, simulate, suppose, understand, usurp, feel,
acquire, 2. suppose (sanmak); synonyms (v)
believe, guess, infer, assume, conjecture, consider,
divine, estimate, imagine, reckon, speculate,
calculate, conceive, expect, judge, 3. say (demek,
sylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate,
express, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe,
maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n) declare,
voice.
varsaylan default; synonyms (n) deficit,
delinquency, omission, oversight, fault, lack,
neglect, nonpayment, want, arrears, (v) fail, laches;
varyans variance; synonyms (n) difference,
disagreement, discrepancy, dissension, division,
deviation, discord, divergence, misunderstanding,
diversity, dissimilarity, dissonance, conflict,
dispute, variability.
varyasyon variation; synonyms (n) alteration,
change, difference, divergence, mutation, variance,
distinction; antonym (n) similarity.
varyete variety; synonyms (n) kind, sort, species,
change, form, style, type, variation, breed,
diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, (adj) class, (v)
difference; antonym (n) uniformity.
vasat 1. fair (gzel, sarn); synonyms (adj)
prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. indifferent (ilgisiz,
kaytsz); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold,
cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned,
careless, dull, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested,
frigid; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent,
keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved,
surprised.
vasati average (ortalama); synonyms (adj) mean,
median, fair, common, medium, middle, middling,
normal, ordinary, intermediate, mediocre, mid,
moderate, tolerable, (n) norm; antonyms (adj)
Turkish - English
exceptional, extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v)
maximum, minimum.
vasi 1. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard,
defender, protector, champion, curator, warden,
keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj)
protective, custodial, tutelary, 2. administrator
(ynetici); synonyms (n) executive, director,
manager, boss, officer, official, supervisor,
governor, principal, ruler, superintendent, 3.
tutor; synonyms (n) instructor, teacher, mentor,
trainer, master, guardian, lecturer, educator, (v)
coach, instruct, educate, school, teach, train, edify.
vasf 1. qualification; synonyms (n) condition,
property, 2. characteristic (karakteristik,
zellik); synonyms (adj) distinctive, individual,
typical, original, natural, representative, special, (n)
badge, attribute, sign, character, feature, peculiar,
peculiarity, point; antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic,
common, 3. quality (kalite, nitelik); synonyms
(n) nature, characteristic, class, grade, distinction,
description, mark, caliber, part, tone, worth, brand,
value, goodness, excellence; antonym (adj) shoddy.
vasfl 1. skilled (usta); synonyms (adj) adept,
experienced, expert, practiced, skillful, able,
accomplished, clever, competent, dexterous,
proficient, old, adroit, capable, learned; antonyms
(adj) inept, incompetent, inexperienced, 2.
qualified; synonyms (adj) eligible, efficient,
conditional, fit, adequate, certified, limited,
restricted, fitted, prepared, provisional, proper,
appropriate, responsible, skilled; antonyms (adj)
unqualified, total, unofficial, definite.
vasta 1. agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office,
authority, commission, expedient, factor,
instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity,
board, (v) action, act, 2. means (ara); synonyms
(n) agency, assets, capital, channel, funds, income,
manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium,
method, process, property, resource, 3. medium
(orta, ortam); synonyms (adj) intermediate, fair,
mid, middle, middling, moderate, (n) average,
mediocre, mean, atmosphere, go-between, vehicle,
environment, mediocrity, spiritualist, 4. vehicle;
synonyms (n) automobile, transport, carrier,
transportation, car, intermedium, intervention,
mediation, platform.
vastasyla by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside,
at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past,
(adj) over.
vasiyetname 1. testament; synonyms (n) will,
testimonial, testimony, paper, parchment,
settlement, volition, evidence, bible, certificate,
confirmation, credentials, declaration, (v)
481
command, decree, 2. will (arzu); synonyms (v)

bequeath, devise, wish, leave, shall, (n) desire,
mind, courage, liking, purpose.
vatan 1. home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode,
asylum, (adj) domestic, 2. country (lke);
synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area,
commonwealth, kingdom, realm, region, soil,
territory, district, (adj) rural, rustic, public;
antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban.
vatanda citizen; synonyms (n) civilian, denizen,
inhabitant, national, resident, native, subject, voter;
antonym (n) foreigner.
vazge cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek);

antonym (v) validate.
vazgeme surrender; synonyms (n) resign,
resignation, capitulation, release, (v) concede,
relinquish, abandon, render, capitulate, deliver,
submit, forsake, forfeit, leave, cede; antonyms (v)
conquer, resist, appropriate, fight, persevere,
subdue, win.
vazgemek 1. abandon; synonyms (v) quit,
relinquish, renounce, resign, vacate, desert,
evacuate, leave, waive, depart, abdicate, chuck,
ditch, drop, forfeit; antonyms (v) keep, support,
maintain, (n) restraint, 2. cancel (feshetmek,
iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul,
abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke,
abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal,
(adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate, 3. leave
(brakmak); synonyms (v) forsake, go, abandon,
escape, flee, lead, lay, allow, bequeath, (n) furlough,
holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj) empty;
change, come.
vazife 1. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board,
mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant,
assignment, charge, committee, (v) assign, accredit,
designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, 2. task
(grev); synonyms (n) commission, duty,
enterprise, labor, project, stint, occupation, activity,
business, chore, function, problem, work, (v) tax,
exercise.
vaziyet 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm);

liquid, 2. state (devlet, durum, eyalet);
synonyms (n) nation, say, country, kingdom, show,
(v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm,
482
Turkish - English
allege, announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national;

antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private.
ve and (ile); synonyms (conj) with, (adv) also,
additionally, (prep) plus, including, (adj) more.
veda 1. farewell; synonyms (n) adieu, leave,
valediction, goodbye, parting, departure,
separation, 2. leave (brakmak); synonyms (v)
depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape,
flee, lead, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit,
break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay,
remain, approach, change, come.
vefa truth (doruluk); synonyms (n) exactness,
reality, actuality, sincerity, correctness, fact,
fidelity, verity, genuineness, accuracy, certainty,
faithfulness, honesty, precision, authenticity;
antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty, fabrication,
falsehood, fiction, lie.
vefal 1. loyal; synonyms (adj) unwavering, fast,
constant, devoted, reliable, steady, true,
dependable, obedient, dedicated, liege, observant,
(n) faithful, accurate, (v) firm; antonyms (adj)
disloyal, unfaithful, unreliable, 2. constant
(deimez, sabit); synonyms (adj) ceaseless,
incessant, perpetual, continual, abiding,
changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal,
frequent, loyal, resolute, steadfast, uninterrupted,
(n) invariable; antonyms (adj) changeable,
intermittent, irregular, sporadic, variable, episodic,
erratic, inconstant, fickle, inconsistent, occasional,
temporary.
vefat demise; synonyms (n) death, decease, collapse,
dying, end, passing, release, departure, dissolution,
expiration, fall, (v) perish, die, lease, let; antonyms
(n) beginning, birth.
vehim suspicion (phe); synonyms (n)
apprehension, distrust, mistrust, inkling, fear,
hunch, misgiving, qualm, scruple, surmise,
supposition, hesitation, hint, intuition, (v) doubt;
antonyms (n) trust, certainty.
vekil 1. deputy; synonyms (n) agent, surrogate,
alternate, delegate, substitute, ambassador,
assistant, replacement, representative, vicar,
spokesman, envoy, help, (adj) proxy, acting, 2.
substitute (yedek); synonyms (adj) alternative,
ersatz, makeshift, (n) deputy, backup, (v) shift,
change, replace, exchange, sub, cover, alter,
commute, deputise, deputize, 3. representative
(temsilci); synonyms (adj) characteristic, typical,
model, figurative, illustrative, (n) emissary,
instance, member, congressman, example,
exponent, legate, officer, official, (v) represent, 4.
attorney (avukat); synonyms (n) advocate,
lawyer, counsel, counselor, factor, solicitor,
auctioneer, underwriter, advisor, bailiff, clerk, gobetween, investigator, secretary, beagle, 5.
administrator (ynetici); synonyms (n)
executive, director, manager, boss, supervisor,
governor, principal, ruler, superintendent, 6.

vicar; synonyms (n) minister, priest, clergyman,
parson, pastor, rector, preacher, regent.
vektr vector (yney); synonyms (n) direction,
bearing, course, sender, transmitter, vehicle.
veli guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard,
defender, protector, champion, curator, warden,
keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj)
protective, custodial, tutelary.
ventil valve (valf); synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door,
veranda porch; synonyms (n) lobby, hall, veranda,
vestibule, balcony, door, entrance, portico, inlet,
doorway, patio, portal, chops, conservatory, lips.
verev bias (nyarg); synonyms (n) penchant, drift,
influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry,
(v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality,
fairness.
vergi 1. tax; synonyms (n) charge, duty, burden,
excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess, task,
accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain, 2.
assessment; synonyms (n) appraisal, estimate,
estimation, evaluation, judgment, review,
valuation, appreciation, appraisement, opinion,
price, tax, test, measurement, tariff, 3. imposition;
synonyms (n) deception, exaction, cheat, deceit,
imposture, trick, demand, hoax, delusion, fraud,
infliction, swindle, wile, enforcement, 4. duty;
synonyms (n) business, function, commitment,
assignment, chore, obligation, job, must, office,
part, responsibility, work, post, custom,
assessment, 5. taxation (vergilendirme);
synonyms (n) revenue, gross, receipts, accusation.
vergilendirme 1. taxation; synonyms (n) tax,
revenue, assessment, gross, receipts, accusation, 2.
assessment; synonyms (n) appraisal, estimate,
estimation, evaluation, judgment, review,
valuation, appreciation, appraisement, duty,
opinion, price, test, measurement, tariff.
vergilendirmek tax (vergi); synonyms (n) charge,
duty, burden, excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v)
assess, task, accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain.
veri data; synonyms (n) information, facts, details,
evidence, fact, figures, file, material, postulate,
proof.
verici donor; synonyms (n) contributor, giver,
donator, presenter, bestower, source, supplier,
angel, backer, benefactress, patroness, savior, (v)
feoffer, settlor; antonyms (n) receiver, recipient.
veriler data (veri); synonyms (n) information, facts,
details, evidence, fact, figures, file, material,
postulate, proof.
verilmi given; synonyms (adj) apt, disposed, prone,
liable, granted, inclined, set, (n) assumption,
particular, presumption, fact.
Turkish - English
verim 1. efficiency (verimlilik); synonyms (n)
capability, effectiveness, ability, efficacy, effect,
capacity, aptitude, energy, output, potency,
proficiency, ease, (v) agency, action; antonyms (n)
inefficiency, incompetence, largeness, 2. yield;
synonyms (n) produce, return, give, proceeds, (v)
surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant,
relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear; antonyms (v)
resist, persevere, 3. output (kt); synonyms (n)
crop, harvest, turnout, yield, outturn, product,
expenditure, (v) outcome, 4. delivery (teslim);
synonyms (n) childbirth, birth, consignment,
discharge, rescue, communication, confinement,
deliverance, distribution, elocution, issue,
articulation, post, (v) address, parturition;
antonyms (n) death, dispatch, 5. make (etmek,
yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do,
create, fashion, force, get, let, compel, constitute,
design, drive, erect, (n) form; antonyms (v) destroy,
lose, 6. proceeds (kazan); synonyms (n) income,
earnings, gain, revenue, take, emolument, payoff,
profit, receipts, takings, proceed, incomings,
benefit, profits, result.
verimli 1. fertile (bereketli); synonyms (adj)
productive, fat, fecund, abundant, affluent,
antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile, 2. productive
(retken); synonyms (adj) fertile, plentiful,
generative, helpful, lucrative, constructive, original,
plenteous, producing, profitable, efficient, gainful,
economic, efficacious, imaginative; antonyms (adj)
unproductive, barren, unprofitable, 3. generous;
synonyms (adj) full, benevolent, charitable, fair,
flush, kind, liberal, spacious, benign, bounteous,
broad, considerable, handsome, kindly, (n) free;
antonyms (adj) stingy, meager, mean, measly,
miserly, small, tightfisted, avaricious, greedy,
ungenerous, 4. efficient; synonyms (adj) effectual,
competent, effective, able, capable, valid, operative,
practical, adept, adroit, neat, regular, energetic, (v)
clever, active; antonyms (adj) incompetent,
inefficient, 5. rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) deep,
luxurious, opulent, bright, heavy, grand, lush,
magnificent, mellow, wealthy, well-off, delicate,
elegant, (v) ornate, florid; antonyms (adj) poor,
broke, destitute, impoverished, light, 6. sweet
(tatl); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh,
lovely, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant,
pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, fragrant, (n)
verimlilik 1. fertility; synonyms (n) fecundity,
birthrate, productivity, affluence, uberty,
abundance, natality, plenty, prolificacy, richness;
antonyms (n) sterility, infertility, 2. efficiency
(verim); synonyms (n) capability, effectiveness,
483
ability, efficacy, effect, capacity, aptitude, energy,

output, potency, proficiency, ease, (v) agency,
action; antonyms (n) inefficiency, incompetence,
largeness, 3. productivity; synonyms (n)
efficiency, fertility, fruitfulness, productiveness,
production, constructiveness, turnout, use,
usefulness, utility, crop, harvest, lushness,
profitability, prosperity; antonym (n) fruitlessness.
verimsiz 1. inefficient; synonyms (adj) incompetent,
inadequate, ineffective, ineffectual, incapable,
inefficacious, feeble, impotent, futile, inactive,
inept, insufficient, unable, unfit, useless; antonym
(adj) efficient, 2. poor (fakir, fena, kt);
synonyms (adj) bad, low, miserable, paltry,
deplorable, destitute, evil, needy, pathetic,
penniless, piteous, pitiful, meagre, (v) meager, (n)
mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, firstrate, privileged, well-off, admirable, good.
vermek 1. give; synonyms (v) allow, bestow, extend,
accord, commit, donate, contribute, convey,
deliver, dispense, endow, grant, present, yield,
administer; antonyms (v) withdraw, take, withhold,
2. grant; synonyms (n) concession, donation,
permit, allowance, (v) give, award, admit, afford,
concede, confer, gift, acknowledge, boon,
endowment, cede; antonyms (v) deny, reject, 3.
award; synonyms (n) judgment, accolade,
decoration, medal, prize, commendation, reward,
scholarship, trophy, verdict, (v) honor, assign, allot,
offer, decide, 4. deliver; synonyms (v) consign,
bear, carry, rescue, save, abandon, bring, liberate,
pronounce, render, return, send, utter, drop,
acquit, 5. lend; synonyms (v) loan, advance, add,
impart, provide; antonym (v) borrow, 6. accord
(ahenk, anlama); synonyms (n) agreement,
assent, consensus, harmony, consonance,
concurrence, conformity, (v) agree, concord,
consent, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply,
compromise; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord,
strife, (v) conflict, 7. throw (atmak); synonyms (v)
cast, fling, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass,
hurtle, jerk, make, project, (n) pitch, push, shot, 8.
render; synonyms (v) interpret, explain, furnish,
pay, construe, depict, translate, exhibit, put,
decipher, do, execute, generate, perform, produce,
9. provide; synonyms (v) accommodate, cater,
equip, supply, fit, outfit, nourish, nurture, arm,
ensure, ply, prepare, purvey, serve, stock.
versiyon version (eviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n)
reading, translation, construction, interpretation,
rendering, rendition, variation, account,
description, variant, lection, report, story,
explanation, paraphrase.
vesayet ward; synonyms (n) guard, charge, custody,
protection, care, district, neighborhood, quarter,
defense, keep, area, region, division, (v) shelter,
protect.
484
Turkish - English
vesile 1. means (ara); synonyms (n) expedient,
vzldamak sing (tmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn,
agency, instrument, assets, capital, channel, funds,

income, manner, agent, contrivance, device,
medium, method, process, 2. occasion; synonyms
(n) case, event, chance, episode, happening,
incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause,
create, beget, breed, induce, make.
veteriner vet (baytar); synonyms (n) veteran,
veterinarian, veterinary, (v) inspect, examine,
vaquero.
veya or (Ya da, yoksa); synonyms (conj) otherwise,
(n) operation, surgery, (prep) before, ere.
vezin rhythm; synonyms (n) measure, cadence, meter,
vezir queen (kralie); synonyms (n) empress, king,
lady, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy,
queer, ace, ruler.
veznedar treasurer; synonyms (n) cashier, banker,
financier, fiscal, guardian, keeper, official, revenue,
tutor.
vicdan conscience; synonyms (n) shame, scruple,
principles, bosom, compunction, duty, ethics,
inwit, obligation, principle, qualm, regret, (adj)
abandoned, (v) absolve, acquit.
video video; synonyms (n) television, picture, film,
movie, telecasting, (v) tape, record.
villa villa; synonyms (n) mansion, cottage, house,
accommodation, building, bungalow, cabin, castle,
chalet, estate, farmhouse, home, igloo, lodge,
manor.
viraj 1. bend (bkme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc,
(v) straighten, square, 2. curve (eri, kavis);
synonyms (n) bend, kink, round, bender, loop, coil,
contour, (v) hook, wind, distort, meander, inflect,
circle, crimp, lean.
virs virus; synonyms (n) bug, infection, germ,
poison, venom, microbe, disease, bacteria,
microorganism, pest, plague.
viski whisky; synonyms (n) whiskey, (adj)
usquebaugh, (v) rye, highball, peg, rum, schnapps,
sherry, sling.
vites 1. gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle,
(v) harness, 2. transmission; synonyms (n)
circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer,
broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread,
transmitting.
vitrin window (pencere); synonyms (n) casement,
porthole, pane, gap, embrasure, hole, opening,
windowpane.
chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol,

snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n)
squeak.
vizite visit; synonyms (n) chat, sojourn, (v) see,
frequent, attend, call, tour, view, gossip, haunt,
inspect, jaw, impose, inflict, talk.
vokal vocal; synonyms (adj) oral, spoken, unwritten,
outspoken, sonant, sonorous, vowel, eloquent,
instrumental, sung; antonym (adj) quiet.
volkanik volcanic; synonyms (adj) eruptive, plutonic,
excitable, irruptive, volcanian, (v) burning,
inextinguishable, irrepressible, simmering,
stanchless, ungovernable, volatile.
voltaj voltage; synonyms (n) potential, emf, energy,
power, current, electricity, potency, potentiality.
vcut 1. body (beden, gvde); synonyms (n)
spirit, 2. flesh (et); synonyms (n) brawn, mortality,
beef, anatomy, chassis, form, frame, humanity,
mankind, meat, muscle, pulp, (adj) carnality,
concupiscence, lust.
vurgu 1. emphasis; synonyms (n) accent,
accentuation, importance, stress, prominence,
import, intensity, significance, vehemence, weight,
2. accent; synonyms (n) dialect, emphasis, idiom,
speech, articulation, intonation, pronunciation,
tone, delivery, (v) emphasize, emphasise,
punctuate, accentuate, pronounce, 3. stress
(gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) pressure, tension,
force, pinch, effort, anxiety, brunt, exigency, focus,
(v) strain, underline, trouble, highlight, try, worry.
vurgulamak 1. highlight; synonyms (v) emphasize,
accentuate, spotlight, underline, accent, light,
stress, underscore, dye, foreground, (n) climax,
highlighting, peak, culmination, height, 2. stress
(gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) emphasis,
pressure, tension, force, importance, pinch, effort,
accentuation, anxiety, brunt, (v) strain, emphasise,
punctuate, trouble, highlight, 3. accent (vurgu);
synonyms (n) dialect, idiom, speech, articulation,
intonation, pronunciation, tone, delivery, (v)
pronounce.
vurma 1. knock; synonyms (v) hit, blow, bump, cuff,
punch, strike, boot, clip, (n) rap, bang, tap, bash,
crash, whack, clap; antonym (v) praise, 2. hit
(isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) attain, belt,
collide, encounter, clash, club, contact, (n) knock,
smash, touch, chance, beat, collision, play, clout;
antonyms (n) failure, flop, 3. strike (bulmak,
grev); synonyms (n) assault, attack, dab, (v)
impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, coin, mint,
lash, hew, whip, afflict.
Turkish - English
vurmak 1. hit (isabet); synonyms (v) strike, attain,
bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision;
antonyms (n) failure, flop, 2. knock; synonyms (v)
hit, cuff, punch, boot, clip, condemn, criticize,
knap, (n) rap, tap, crash, whack, clap, clout,
criticism; antonym (v) praise, 3. beat; synonyms (v)
batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat,
baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round,
cadence; antonym (v) lose, 4. shoot; synonyms (v)
bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send,
fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout,
chute, 5. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n)
assault, attack, dab, (v) impress, slap, move, affect,
box, buffet, coin, mint, lash, hew, afflict, clash, 6.
stroke (inme, vuru); synonyms (n) caress, mark,
apoplexy, impact, line, streak, cut, dint, seizure,
accomplishment, (v) lick, fondle, pat, smite, pet, 7.
land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil,
field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state,
(v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym
(adj) aquatic, 8. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v)
arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, acquire, ensnare,
intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab,
pawl, snap; antonym (v) release, 9. pound;
synonyms (n) cage, fold, enclosure, (v) pen, crush,
grind, hammer, maul, palpitate, mash, grate,
bruise, ram, thrash, bray.
vurucu striker; synonyms (n) hitter, beater, batsman,
batter, activist, campaigner, demonstrator,
marcher, picketer, pulsator, slugger, dissenter,
wencher.
vurum pulse; synonyms (n) beat, impulse, pulsation,
heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence,
measure, pulsing, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate,
pound, vibrate.
vuru 1. stroke (inme); synonyms (n) touch, beat,
knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 2. hit
(isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt,
bump, collide, encounter, clash, club, contact, (n)
smash, chance, bash, collision, play, clout;
antonyms (n) failure, flop, 3. beat; synonyms (v)
batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat,
baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round,
cadence; antonym (v) lose, 4. impact (etki);
synonyms (n) shock, crash, force, effect,
impingement, impression, influence, concussion,
consequence, jolt, push, upshot, wallop, (v) affect,
ram, 5. pulse; synonyms (n) impulse, pulsation,
heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, measure,
pulsing, vibration, tempo, (v) palpitate, pound,
vibrate, wave, quiver, 6. shock (ok); synonyms
(n) daze, outrage, surprise, fright, scare, (v) jar,
offend, revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay,
frighten, horrify, shake; antonym (v) comfort, 7.
wipe (silmek); synonyms (v) rub, clean, mop,
485
towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash, cover,

(n) fling, flout, (adj) sponge, flush.
Y
yaba fork (atal); synonyms (n) crotch, branch,
bifurcation, branching, turn, corner, angle, forking,
junction, (v) diverge, divide, separate, split, bend,
pitchfork.
yabanc 1. alien; synonyms (adj) foreign, strange,
unknown, extrinsic, exotic, extraneous, remote,
unfamiliar, unusual, (n) foreigner, outsider,
stranger, emigrant, (v) alienate, estrange; antonyms
(adj) familiar, (n) native, citizen, 2. foreign;
synonyms (adj) alien, exterior, external, oversea,
adventitious, outlandish, peregrine, different,
imported, irrelevant, outside, outward,
tramontane; antonyms (adj) domestic, internal, 3.
stranger; synonyms (n) newcomer, outlander;
antonyms (n) associate, friend, pal, 4. outsider;
synonym (n) layman, 5. unknown (Bilinmeyen);
synonyms (adj) secret, hidden, nameless, obscure,
unidentified, anonymous, mysterious, new,
undiscovered, dark, indeterminate, uncharted,
unseen, concealed, humble; antonyms (adj) known,
famous, recognized, well-known, 6. unfamiliar;
synonyms (adj) unaccustomed, unacquainted,
uncommon, novel, inexperienced, unused,
unexplored; antonym (adj) recognizable.
yabani wild; synonyms (adj) desert, waste, fierce,
boisterous, violent, reckless, desolate, ferocious,
furious, raging, rude, stormy, untamed, giddy,
barbarous; antonyms (adj) calm, orderly, domestic,
manageable, sane, cultivated, restrained, tame.
yadsma denial; synonyms (n) negation, abnegation,
renunciation, repulse, no, abjuration, contradiction,
negative, refusal, rejection, forswearing, nay,
abandonment, rebuff, rebuttal; antonyms (n)
acceptance, affirmation, declaration, admission,
confession.
yadsmak deny; synonyms (v) contradict, controvert,
decline, disavow, rebuff, abnegate, disown,
gainsay, oppose, refuse, reject, renounce, abjure,
contravene, disallow; antonyms (v) admit, affirm,
acknowledge, claim, declare, agree, maintain.
yafta label (etiket); synonyms (n) name, brand, tag,
title, designation, earmark, docket, group, (v) mark,
call, classify, check, designate, distinguish, identify.
ya 1. oil; synonyms (n) petroleum, fat, ointment,
salve, cream, fuel, cerate, lotion, (v) lubricate,
anoint, anele, glycerine, 2. fat; synonyms (adj)
stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile,
fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, gross, (n) avoirdupois,
blubber, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny,
slender.
486
Turkish - English
yaclk butter; synonyms (n) fat, oil, cement, (v)
yakacak fuel (yakt); synonyms (n) firewood,
blarney, gloze, slaver, apply, cajole, coquet, daub,

humor, inveigle, (adj) dough, pudding, clay.
yadrmak 1. shower (du); synonyms (n) rain,
drizzle, barrage, rainfall, torrent, volley, (v) pour,
bathe, hail, sprinkle, wash, shed, bath, scatter,
spray, 2. rain (yamur); synonyms (n)
precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, rainwater,
abound, exuberate, mist, teem, (v) stream,
precipitate, shower, condense, pelt.
yalamak oil (ya); synonyms (n) petroleum, fat,
yal fat (ya); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense,
thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy,
great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten;
antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender.
yalboya oil (ya); synonyms (n) petroleum, fat,
yama sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac,
(v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss,
(v) hire.
yamak fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)
yamalamak sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket,
pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge,
dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot;
antonym (v) hire.
yamur rain; synonyms (n) precipitation, wet, pelting,
flow, rainfall, rainwater, abound, exuberate, mist,
(v) pour, stream, hail, precipitate, shower,
condense.
yamurlu wet (slak, slatmak); synonyms (adj)
damp, humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden,
dank, rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water,
dampen, wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj)
dehydrated, parched, (v) dry.
yasz lean; synonyms (adj) emaciated, gaunt, thin,
bony, lank, lanky, (v) incline, bend, list, slant, bow,
careen, pitch, (n) tilt, inclination; antonyms (adj) fat,
plump.
yahut or (veya, Ya da, yoksa); synonyms (conj)
otherwise, (n) operation, surgery, (prep) before, ere.
yaka 1. collar; synonyms (n) arrest, choker, pinch,
ruff, chaplet, flange, (v) catch, apprehend, capture,
clutch, grab, nail, cop, get, grasp, 2. neck
(boyun); synonyms (n) throat, cervix, neckline,
lapel, beard, (v) pet, cut, love, manage, kiss, behead,
bang, bed, (adj) stricture, wasp.
combustible, firing, (v) fire, arouse, encourage,

excite, kindle, provoke, stimulate.
yakalama catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest,
capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare,
intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab,
pawl; antonym (v) release.
yakalamak 1. grip (kavramak); synonyms (n) clasp,
grasp, hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace,
fascinate, grab; antonyms (v) bore, release, 2.
catch; synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, get,
acquire, ensnare, intercept, snatch, take, (n) haul,
hitch, trick, bolt, pawl, snap, 3. trap (tuzak);
synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose,
entanglement, ambuscade, bait, hole, deception, (v)
entrap, entangle, decoy, immobilize, 4. collar
(yaka); synonyms (n) choker, pinch, ruff, chaplet,
flange, neck, neckband, necklace, tie, yoke,
apprehension, check, (v) nail, cop, nab, 5. capture;
synonyms (v) captivate, carry, seize, bewitch,
beguile, collar, conquer, obtain, occupy, trap, (n)
seizure, conquest, occupation, abduction, kidnap;
antonym (v) surrender, 6. grasp; synonyms (n)
grip, appreciation, comprehension, reach, (v)
comprehend, grapple, conceive, compass, dig,
sense, understand, digest, fathom, gather, absorb,
7. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, adopt, bear,
return, borrow, pick, appropriate, assume, bring,
claim, convey, demand, have, (phr) accept, receive;
antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, lose.
yak plaster; synonyms (n) mortar, cement, paste,
gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat, daub,
stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear.
yakc burning; synonyms (adj) ardent, ablaze, afire,
blazing, boiling, flaming, hot, passionate, aflame,
alight, (n) combustion, firing, glowing, zealous,
burn; antonyms (adj) cold, cool, trivial.
yakn 1. near; synonyms (prep) about, by, around, (adv)
close, almost, towards, (adj) adjoining, adjacent,
contiguous, imminent, impending, narrow, (v)
familiar, approximate, approach; antonym (adj)
distant, 2. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available,
fixed, 3. immediate; synonyms (adj) prompt,
direct, sudden, present, quick, expeditious, fast,
hasty, instant, proximate, speedy, express,
firsthand, nearby, early; antonyms (adj) slow,
gradual, consecutive, deliberate, 4. close
(kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) accurate,
tight, brief, airless, complete, (v) compact, stop,
conclude, bar, block, (n) end, finish, conclusion,
expiration, ending; antonyms (adj) airy, fresh, loose,
far, (v) open, start, 5. by (tarafndan); synonyms
(prep) beside, at, of, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past,
Turkish - English
through, apart, along, beyond, via, (adv, prep)
alongside, (adj) over, 6. convenient; synonyms (adj)
comfortable, handy, advantageous, appropriate,
expedient, fit, opportune, timely, useful, snug,
auspicious, becoming, happy, helpful, (n) favorable;
antonyms (adj) inconvenient, unwieldy, 7.
intimate; synonyms (adj) confidential, informal,
inner, internal, bosom, friendly, personal, (v) allude,
hint, imply, indicate, insinuate, suggest, (adv) dear,
(n) confidante.
yaknda 1. soon (ok gemeden); synonyms (adv)
shortly, early, presently, anon, immediately,
directly, betimes, now, promptly, quickly, soonly,
briefly, erelong, fast, quick, 2. near (yakn);
synonyms (prep) about, by, around, (adv) close,
almost, towards, (adj) adjoining, adjacent,
contiguous, imminent, impending, narrow, (v)
familiar, approximate, approach; antonym (adj)
distant, 3. shortly; synonyms (adv) soon, abruptly,
concisely, curtly, short, brusquely, rapidly, (adj)
forthwith, summarily.
yakndan close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms
open, start.
yaknnda by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside,
(adj) over.
yaknndan by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside,
(adj) over.
yaknlk affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy,
alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport,
relation, relationship, semblance, penchant,
agreement, attachment, conformity, connection.
yaknma complaint; synonyms (n) accusation,
ailment, charge, affection, disease, disorder, ill,
illness, lament, plaint, protest, sickness, wail,
whine, claim.
yaknmak 1. complain; synonyms (v) beef, bemoan,
bewail, protest, squawk, whine, grudge, accuse,
carp, croak, gripe, grouse, grumble, mutter, object;
antonym (v) compliment, 2. beef; synonyms (n)
moan, complaint, fuss, bitch, brawn, flesh,
grievance, kick, muscle, strength, (v) complain,
grouch, groan, bellyache.
yakkl 1. handsome (gzel); synonyms (adj)
elegant, beautiful, fair, charming, fine, generous,
attractive, bountiful, comely, bonny, big,
bounteous, exquisite, gorgeous, graceful; antonyms
(adj) ugly, unattractive, 2. smart (akgz);
synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick,
shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent,
487
(v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj)

scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow.
yakmak 1. become (olmak); synonyms (v) be,
grow, suit, arise, get, match, sit, come, fall, fit, go,
make, turn, wax, change, 2. suit; synonyms (n)
lawsuit, plea, action, case, petition, (v) agree,
correspond, accommodate, adapt, answer, become,
meet, please, adjust, satisfy.
yakt fuel; synonyms (n) firewood, combustible,
firing, (v) fire, arouse, encourage, excite, kindle,
provoke, stimulate.
yaklak 1. about (hakknda, hemen hemen);

antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely, 2. rough
(kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw,
crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged,
approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft;
antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise,
refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact,
glossy, pleasant, 3. some (baz, biraz); synonyms
(adv) rather, somewhat, about, round, (adj) few,
certain, several, sundry, extraordinary,
quantitative, (det) any, (n) one.
yaklam approach; synonyms (n) access, entry,
advent, arrival, avenue, coming, entrance, means,
method, adit, (v) advance, accost, address, near,
approximate; antonym (v) leave.
yaklama 1. approach; synonyms (n) access, entry,
approximate; antonym (v) leave, 2. coming;
synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching,
forthcoming, future, imminent, impending,
following, next, prospective, upcoming, (n)
approach, appearance, return, arrive, come;
antonym (n) departure.
yaklamak 1. approach; synonyms (n) access, entry,
approximate; antonym (v) leave, 2. close
(kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) adjacent,
nearby, accurate, tight, narrow, brief, (v) compact,
stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish,
conclusion, expiration; antonyms (adj) distant, airy,
fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 3. near (yakn);
synonyms (prep) around, (adv) close, almost,
towards, approximately, nearly, (adj) adjoining,
contiguous, imminent, impending, closer, handy,
(v) familiar, approach, intimate.
yakma 1. lighting; synonyms (n) illumination, light,
firing, ignition, kindling, inflammation, brightness,
discharge, dismissal, dismission, fire, igniter,
ignitor, installation, liberation, 2. firing; synonyms
(v) burst, detonation, (adj) combustible, (n)
488
Turkish - English
combustion, explosion, fuel, lighting, release, sack,

sacking, blast.
yakmak 1. burn (yanmak); synonyms (v) bite, glow,
blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, beam, boil,
cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, (n) fire, (adj) flush;
antonym (v) dawdle, 2. fire (ate); synonyms (n)
discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor,
flame, bonfire, (v) excite, eject, dismiss, kindle,
expel, animate, arouse, burn; antonym (v) hire, 3.
facile, easy, faint, flimsy, airy, (n) brightness,
daylight, illumination, dawn, (v) inflame, dismount,
illuminate, enkindle; antonyms (adj) fattening,
(v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy.
yalak basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression,
yalan 1. lie; synonyms (v) consist, repose, falsify,
belong, couch, (n) fabrication, falsehood, falsity, fib,
fiction, rest, untruth, bluff, counterfeit, deceit;
antonyms (v) stand, (n) truth, 2. tale; synonyms (n)
story, account, narrative, fable, narration, recital,
report, history, legend, lie, relation, yarn, gossip,
novel, romance, 3. invention; synonyms (n)
contrivance, conception, creation, imagination,
discovery, artifice, design, device, excogitation,
forgery, innovation, creativity, fantasy, idea,
breakthrough, 4. story; synonyms (n) layer, tale,
floor, level, stage, storey, explanation, article,
description, allegory, loft, rumor, anecdote,
chronicle, record.
yalanc artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected,
genuine, real.
yalanclk lying; synonyms (adj) deceitful, false,
deceptive, mendacious, untrue, misleading,
fraudulent, recumbent, (n) fabrication, falsehood,
lie, deceit, dishonesty, duplicity, prevarication;
antonyms (adj) honest, (n) honesty.
yalanlama 1. contradiction; synonyms (n) antithesis,
denial, clash, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy,
antonym (n) agreement, 2. denial; synonyms (n)
negation, abnegation, renunciation, repulse, no,
abjuration, contradiction, negative, refusal,
rejection, forswearing, nay, abandonment, rebuff,
rebuttal; antonyms (n) acceptance, affirmation,
declaration, admission, confession.
yalanlamak deny; synonyms (v) contradict,
controvert, decline, disavow, rebuff, abnegate,
disown, gainsay, oppose, refuse, reject, renounce,
abjure, contravene, disallow; antonyms (v) admit,
affirm, acknowledge, claim, declare, agree,
maintain.
yaln steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive,

yal strand; synonyms (n) coast, shore, rope, chain,
filament, line, string, bank, thread, wisp, yarn, (v)
beach, maroon, desert, abandon.
yaln 1. simple (basit); synonyms (adj) plain, homely,
pure, elementary, humble, innocent, mere, natural,
rustic, honest, bare, chaste, childish, (v) clear,
downright; antonyms (adj) complex, complicated,
compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure,
ornate, confused, confusing, cunning, multifaceted,
problematical, sophisticated, 2. bare; synonyms
(adj) naked, austere, bald, stark, bleak, desolate,
devoid, exposed, nude, vacant, vacuous, barren, (v)
empty, show, disclose; antonyms (adj) covered,
cultivated, concealed, (v) cover, 3. naked (plak);
synonyms (adj) open, raw, unclothed, defenseless,
defenceless, undraped, alone, denuded, destitute,
simple, unaided, unvarnished, 4. bald; synonyms
(adj) hairless, meager, threadbare, barefaced, dry,
forthright, (v) stupid, uninteresting; antonym (adj)
hairy.
yaltlm isolated; synonyms (adj) detached, apart,
deserted, separate, distant, desolate, insular, lone,
lonely, lonesome, remote, separated, single,
solitary, sporadic; antonym (adj) inhabited.
yaltm insulation; synonyms (n) insularity,
insulating, detachment, insulant, lining, isolation,
insularism, blubber, breakup, casing, coat, cover,
covering, disengagement, exclusiveness.
yalnz 1. alone; synonyms (adj) forlorn, individual,
lonely, lonesome, all, deserted, unequalled, (adv)
only, solely, apart, entirely, exclusively,
individually, separately, (n) isolated; antonym (adv)
together, 2. exclusively; synonyms (adv) alone,
completely, purely, specially, wholly, totally, 3.
only (ancak); synonyms (adv) but, just, merely,
barely, simply, however, hardly, exactly,
nevertheless, absolutely, (adj) exclusive, lone, one,
sole, solitary, 4. lonely; synonyms (adj) desolate,
dreary, forsaken, desert, friendless, remote,
secluded, bleak, sequestered, odd, private;
antonym (adj) sociable, 5. sole; synonyms (adj)
single, singular, particular, separate, rare, unique,
unmarried, (n) bottom, base, flounder, shoe, foot,
plaice, nadir, (v) resole.
yalnzlk 1. isolation; synonyms (n) alienation,
closeness, companionship, 2. loneliness;
synonyms (n) aloneness, isolation, lonesomeness,
solitariness, bleakness, forlornness, 3. privacy
(mahremiyet); synonyms (n) confidentiality,
Turkish - English
darkness, privateness, retreat, concealment, shelter,
retirement.
yalpa roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list,
wallow.
yalvarma 1. cry (alamak, barmak, feryat);

exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper,
2. plea; synonyms (n) defense, justification,
answer, apology, appeal, petition, pretext, claim,
allegation, entreaty, excuse, prayer, argument, alibi,
advocacy.
yalvarmak 1. appeal; synonyms (n) plea, address,
application, attraction, demand, entreaty, lure, (v)
charm, request, sue, ask, attract, beseech, implore,
interest; antonyms (n) unpleasantness, (v) repel, 2.
pray; synonyms (v) beg, entreat, crave, appeal,
invite, plead, importune, invoke, petition,
supplicate, bid, solicit, (adv) please, do.
yama patch (yamamak); synonyms (n) darn, fleck,
mend, plot, bed, blot, freckle, bit, blotch, dapple,
field, maculation, (v) piece, botch, fix.
yama 1. hillside; synonyms (n) brae, bank, hill, 2.
fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline,
climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 3. brow; synonyms
(n) peak, brink, height, crown, edge, eyebrow,
forehead, front, rim, summit, top, verge, landing, 4.
slope; synonyms (n) incline, declivity, fall, grade,
gradient, inclination, hillside, ramp, side, (v) slant,
cant, lean, tilt, tip, (adj) obliquity.
yamamak patch (yama); synonyms (n) darn, fleck,
mend, plot, bed, blot, freckle, bit, blotch, dapple,
field, maculation, (v) piece, botch, fix.
yan side (kenar); synonyms (n) edge, rim, faction,
border, brink, direction, face, part, hand, aspect,
facet, margin, page, position, (v) party; antonym
(adj) distant.
yanak cheek; synonyms (n) audacity, boldness, brass,
face, impertinence, nerve, gall, impudence,
insolence, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, effrontery,
jowl; antonym (n) respect.
yanan burning; synonyms (adj) ardent, ablaze, afire,
blazing, boiling, flaming, hot, passionate, aflame,
alight, (n) combustion, firing, glowing, zealous,
burn; antonyms (adj) cold, cool, trivial.
yangn fire (ate); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor,
arouse; antonym (v) hire.
489
yani namely; synonyms (adv) videlicet, viz, scilicet,

expressly, nominately, explicitly, i.e, specially, viz,
wit.
yank burn (yakmak, yanmak); synonyms (v) bite,
glow, blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, beam,
boil, cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, (n) fire, (adj)
flush; antonym (v) dawdle.
yanlg 1. error (hata); synonyms (n) deviation,
blunder, fault, mistake, wrong, delusion, lapse,
oversight, crime, defect, demerit, guilt,
misunderstanding, falsehood, confusion; antonym
(n) correctness, 2. mistake; synonyms (n) error,
failure, misapprehension, misconception,
inaccuracy, trip, misprint, (v) err, misapprehend,
slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand,
misconstrue, confound.
yanlmak 1. mistake; synonyms (n) blunder, fault,
defect, error, failure, misapprehension,
misconception, demerit, inaccuracy, (v) err,
misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge,
misunderstand, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse,
mistake, cutting, escape, oversight, scion, trip,
ticket, band, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, sag;
antonym (v) improve.
yanlsama illusion; synonyms (n) delusion,
hallucination, fantasy, apparition, deception, fancy,
magic, chimera, deceit, dissimulation, fallacy,
phantom, trick, vision, figment; antonym (n)
reality.
yannda 1. by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside,
(adj) over, 2. alongside; synonyms (prep) by, with,
(adv) abreast, aboard, nearby, (adj) next, near.
yanndan by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside,
(adj) over.
yant 1. response (cevap); synonyms (n) answer,
reaction, reception, echo, retort, return, respond,
effect, chant, chaunt, comeback, (v) reply, rejoinder,
(adj) sympathy, cordiality, 2. answer (cevap,
cevap vermek); synonyms (n) solution, defense,
response, riposte, (v) counter, resolve, serve,
acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, suffice, suit,
refute, (adj) pay; antonyms (v) question, ask, 3.
reply (cevap); synonyms (n) repay, replication,
repartee, (v) react, rejoin, say.
yantlamak answer (cevap, cevap vermek);

synonyms (n) reply, respond, retort, return,
solution, defense, echo, (v) counter, resolve, serve,
acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, (adj) pay;
antonyms (v) question, ask.
yank 1. echo; synonyms (n) answer, repercussion,
reaction, reflection, replication, (v) repeat,
reproduce, resound, reverberate, rebound, ape,
copy, imitate, reflect, reiterate, 2. reflection
490
Turkish - English
(yansma); synonyms (n) consideration,

contemplation, observation, cogitation,
deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion,
thought, idea, notion, introspection, image,
animadversion, conception.
yanklanmak echo (yank); synonyms (n) answer,
repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, (v)
repeat, reproduce, resound, reverberate, rebound,
ape, copy, imitate, reflect, reiterate.
yanl 1. false (taklit); synonyms (adj) bastard,
truthful, honest, valid, 2. incorrect; synonyms (adj)
improper, false, inaccurate, inappropriate, wrong,
imprecise, faulty, amiss, bad, fallacious, inexact,
mistaken, error, imperfect, defective; antonym (adj)
right, 3. mistake; synonyms (n) blunder, fault,
defect, failure, misapprehension, misconception,
demerit, inaccuracy, misunderstanding, (v) err,
misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge,
misunderstand, 4. error (hata); synonyms (n)
deviation, mistake, delusion, lapse, oversight,
crime, guilt, falsehood, confusion, erroneousness,
fallacy, misprint, omission, sin, transgression;
antonym (n) correctness, 5. wrong; synonyms (adj)
harm, evil, ill, incorrect, abuse, criminal, iniquitous,
unjust, vicious, wicked, (n) damage, injure, injury,
injustice, hurt; antonyms (adj) good, proper, lawabiding, (adv) correctly, (n) justice.
yanllk 1. error (hata); synonyms (n) deviation,
blunder, fault, mistake, wrong, delusion, lapse,
oversight, crime, defect, demerit, guilt,
misunderstanding, falsehood, confusion; antonym
(n) correctness, 2. slip; synonyms (n) cutting, error,
escape, scion, trip, ticket, band, dip, gaffe, (v) fall,
slide, drop, glide, skid, sag; antonym (v) improve,
3. fault (arza, bozukluk, hata, kusur);
synonyms (n) blemish, failing, blame, blot,
delinquency, flaw, break, weakness, default,
failure, fracture, imperfection, misdeed, (v)
deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit,
strength, 4. mistake; synonyms (n)
misapprehension, misconception, inaccuracy,
misprint, foolishness, fallacy, (v) err, misapprehend,
slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand,
misconstrue, confound, misinterpret.
yanmak 1. burn (yakmak); synonyms (v) bite, glow,
blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, beam, boil,
cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, (n) fire, (adj) flush;
antonym (v) dawdle, 2. light (ak, hafif, k);
synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy,
(n) flame, brightness, daylight, illumination, dawn,
(v) kindle, inflame, dismount, illuminate; antonyms
(adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness,
gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp)
heavy, 3. glow; synonyms (n) color, glare, sparkle,

flash, brilliance, effulgence, fervor, gleaming, (v)
blush, gleam, glimmer, shine, burn, warmth, glint;
antonym (n) dullness, 4. smart (akgz);
synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick,
shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent,
(v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj)
scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow.
yansma reflection; synonyms (n) consideration,
contemplation, observation, cogitation,
deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion,
thought, idea, notion, introspection, image,
repercussion, animadversion.
yanstmak 1. reflect; synonyms (v) deliberate,
ponder, cogitate, consider, contemplate, meditate,
muse, mirror, mull, think, bethink, echo, excogitate,
ruminate, shine, 2. mirror (ayna); synonyms (n)
model, exemplar, (v) glass, imitate, copy, reflect,
represent, reproduce, lens, mimic, (adj) pattern,
cynosure, 3. echo (yank); synonyms (n) answer,
repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, reply,
reverberation, (v) repeat, resound, reverberate,
rebound, ape, reiterate, ring, duplicate.
yansz neutral; synonyms (adj) disinterested,
impartial, indifferent, dispassionate, impersonal,
yantmce clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph,
stipulation, (v) passage.
yapa wool (yn); synonyms (n) fleece, fur, coat,
hair, woolen, woollen, yarn, fiber, pelt, sheepskin,
strand, string, thread, hide, mane.
yapan acting; synonyms (adj) active, interim,
temporary, provisional, (n) enactment, drama,
playing; antonym (adj) permanent.
yapay artificial; synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical,
bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced, mannered,
phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical,
precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real.
yap 1. structure (bnye); synonyms (n) form,
building, arrangement, edifice, shape, constitution,
construction, frame, framework, organization,
architecture, establishment, conformation,
composition, erection, 2. building (bina);
synonyms (n) fabric, fabrication, house, assembly,
creation, mansion, structure, (v) pile, (adj)
augmentative, augmenting, 3. make (etmek,
yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do,
create, fashion, force, get, give, produce, let,
compel, constitute, design, drive; antonyms (v)
destroy, lose, 4. build (kurmak); synonyms (v)
make, erect, establish, raise, rise, base, fabricate,
found, rear, formulate, calculate, compile, compose,
(n) figure, built; antonym (v) demolish, 5.
Turkish - English
construction; synonyms (n) formation,
production, making, reading, anatomy,
development, exposition, interpretation,
manufacture, translation, version, housing;
antonym (n) destruction, 6. fabric; synonyms (n)
cloth, material, fiber, performance, stuff, textile,
texture, net, work, 7. constitution (anayasa);
synonyms (n) code, makeup, temperament,
foundation, character, charter, disposition, law,
configuration, habit, health, humor, mood, (adj)
nature, principle, 8. fibre; synonyms (n) case,
eccentric, grapheme, lineament, part, persona,
reference, role, shred, toughness, type, 9. texture
(doku); synonyms (n) grain, tissue, weave, web,
woof, (v) finish.
yapc constructive; synonyms (adj) positive,
beneficial, helpful, productive, useful, worthwhile,
practical; antonyms (adj) negative, unhelpful,
destructive.
yaplabilir 1. feasible; synonyms (adj) practicable,
possible, probable, fit, achievable, available,
credible, doable, likely, practical, realizable, viable,
attainable, executable, plausible; antonym (adj)
impossible, 2. practicable; synonyms (adj) feasible,
operable, workable, handy, usable, useful,
functional, performable.
yaplm 1. made; synonyms (adj) finished, built,
ready, constructed, formed, prepared, synthetic,
bound, complete, completed, ended, fictitious,
rabid, through, 2. done (tamam); synonyms (adj)
over, gone; antonym (adj) unfinished.
yapm 1. production (retim); synonyms (n)
output, generation, product, manufacturing,
performance, creation, formation, produce, staging,
fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination,
presentation, (v) exhibition, 2. manufacture;
synonyms (n) construction, production, industry,
assembly, (v) construct, make, frame, fabricate,
build, contrive, invent, form, forge, concoct, create.
yapmc producer; synonyms (n) director, creator,
manufacturer, author, maker, manager, cause,
entrepreneur, farmer.
yapsal 1. structural; synonyms (adj) organic,
tectonic, geomorphologic, geomorphological,
morphologic, morphological, edificial,
fundamental, 2. constructive; synonyms (adj)
positive, beneficial, helpful, productive, useful,
worthwhile, practical; antonyms (adj) negative,
unhelpful, destructive, 3. constitutional;
synonyms (adj) congenital, essential, inherent,
intrinsic, legal, constituent, constitutive, inborn,
inbuilt, innate, integral, lawful, (n) walk, journey, (v)
ramble; antonym (adj) unconstitutional, 4.
structured; synonyms (adj) integrated,
amalgamated, controlled, incorporate,
incorporated, intermingled, merged, methodical,
491
mixed, ordered, planned, prearranged, prepared,

unified.
yapkan sticky; synonyms (adj) adhesive, awkward,
clammy, muggy, embarrassing, glutinous, gummy,
humid, difficult, slimy, gluey, gooey, hard,
mucilaginous, pasty; antonyms (adj) dry, fresh,
easy.
yapmak stick (yaptrmak); synonyms (n) bar,
yaptrmak 1. stick; synonyms (n) bar, club, (v)
adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere,
affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 2. cement;
synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, size, cementum,
(v) join, plaster, stick, secure, (adj) concrete, 3. bond
(ba, bono); synonyms (n) association, tie,
connection, joint, link, adhesion, chain, contract, (v)
band.
yapt production (retim); synonyms (n) output,
exhibition.
yapma 1. fulfilment; synonym (n) fulfillment, 2.
artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected,
genuine, real.
yapmack 1. affected; synonyms (adj) artificial,
unnatural, pompous, pretentious, stilted, pedantic,
assumed, concerned, contrived, exaggerated,
feigned, forced, pretended, snobbish, strained;
antonyms (adj) unaffected, down-to-earth, natural,
unchanged, 2. artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj)
affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, mannered,
phony, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff,
manufactured, forged, artful, counterfeit;
antonyms (adj) genuine, real, 3. theatrical;
synonyms (adj) melodramatic, dramatic, histrionic,
stagy, theatric, spectacular, (n) histrionics; antonym
(adj) untheatrical.
yapmacksz unaffected; synonyms (adj) simple,
artless, sincere, genuine, natural, plain, real,
unimpressed, ingenuous, honest, naive,
unsophisticated, untouched, chaste, impervious;
antonym (adj) affected.
yapmak 1. make (etmek); synonyms (v) build, cause,
construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give,
produce, let, compel, constitute, design, (n) form;
antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 2. perform; synonyms
(v) execute, accomplish, fulfill, achieve, complete,
appear, behave, effect, make, play, enact, function,
administer, operate, (n) act; antonym (v) neglect, 3.
do (etmek); synonyms (v) cheat, commit, conduct,
492
Turkish - English
perform, practice, defraud, answer, arrange, serve,

be, cut, (n) occasion, bash, (adj) suffice, avail;
antonym (v) unmake, 4. fulfil (yerine getirmek);
synonyms (v) fill, satisfy, meet, 5. fashion
(moda); synonyms (n) mode, craze, fad, manner,
method, way, custom, guise, style, wise, (v)
contrive, cast, shape, compose, adjust, 6. act
(n) accomplishment, action, move, statute, decree,
feat, law, performance, (v) achievement, deed, go,
acquit, feign, pretend, work; antonym (v) refrain, 7.
build (kurmak); synonyms (v) erect, establish,
raise, rise, base, fabricate, found, rear, formulate,
calculate, compile, (n) frame, construction, figure,
built; antonym (v) demolish, 8. commit;
synonyms (v) commend, assign, charge, consign,
apply, confide, dedicate, entrust, submit, deliver,
devote, intrust, leave, send, trust.
yaprak 1. leaf; synonyms (n) blade, page, foliage,
folio, leafage, slip, (v) sheet, leave, flick, flip, 2.
sheet; synonyms (n) board, layer, leaf, canvas, film,
paper, coat, coating, blanket, cover, coverlet,
newspaper, piece, plane, sail.
yapraklar foliage; synonyms (n) leafage, foliation,
leaf, ramage, stem, tigella, flora, foliature, plants,
shroud, undergrowth, vegetation, folio,
frondescence, garment.
yaptrmak 1. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms
get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design,
(n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 2. get
(almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak);

earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget,
bring, capture; antonym (v) leave.
yar cliff (uurum); synonyms (n) bluff, precipice, hill,
mountain, promontory, (adj) wall.
yara 1. wound; synonyms (n) bruise, harm, pain,
injury, scratch, (v) hurt, cut, damage, offend, injure,
stab, sting, insult, maim, bite, 2. sore; synonyms
(adj) painful, sensitive, angry, raw, indignant,
aching, huffy, mad, severe, (n) boil, lesion, canker,
abscess, (v) acute, sharp; antonym (adj) painless, 3.
injury; synonyms (n) disadvantage, disservice,
grievance, detriment, impairment, wound, ill,
affront, contusion, evil, loss, wrong, concussion,
mischief, (v) abuse; antonyms (n) ability, reparation,
4. ulcer (lser); synonyms (n) ulceration, blister,
carbuncle, cyst, spot, (v) fester, ulcerate, (adj) sore,
cancer.
yaradl 1. build (kurmak); synonyms (v) make,
erect, establish, raise, rise, base, construct, create,
fabricate, fashion, (n) form, shape, frame,
construction, figure; antonyms (v) demolish,
destroy, 2. creation; synonyms (n) cosmos,
production, world, composition, invention,
conception, creature, fabrication, formation,
foundation, founding, piece, product, universe,

work; antonyms (n) destruction, end, 3.
constitution (anayasa); synonyms (n) code,
makeup, organization, temperament, build,
character, charter, disposition, law, structure,
architecture, arrangement, configuration,
establishment, (adj) nature, 4. temperament;
synonyms (n) temper, constitution, personality,
quality, humor, spirit, composure, equanimity,
mettle, calmness, heart, inclination, modulation,
mood, morale.
yaralamak wound; synonyms (n) bruise, harm, pain,
injury, scratch, (v) hurt, cut, damage, offend, injure,
stab, sting, insult, maim, bite.
yaralanabilir vulnerable; synonyms (adj) weak,
exposed, sensitive, susceptible, tender, defenseless,
feeble, unguarded, unprotected, insecure,
impressionable, powerless, liable, subject, (v) frail;
antonyms (adj) safe, impervious, invincible,
invulnerable, unassailable, unbeatable, secure,
untouchable.
yaral injured; synonyms (adj) aggrieved, hurt,
broken, wounded, affected, damaged, offended,
pained, defective, insulted, abused, aching, ailing,
angry, (n) casualty; antonym (adj) unharmed.
yaramak benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage,
gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward,
help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss,
(v) harm.
yaramaz 1. naughty; synonyms (adj) bad, blue,
impish, mischievous, improper, disobedient,
insubordinate, wicked, evil, lewd, dark, defiant,
racy, rebellious, risque; antonyms (adj) wellbehaved, good, 2. wicked; synonyms (adj)
atrocious, sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral,
hellish, iniquitous, nasty, naughty; antonyms (adj)
innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure.
yarar 1. benefit; synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good,
welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms
(n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm, 2.
advantage (avantaj, stnlk); synonyms (n)
behalf, privilege, account, expediency, lead,
preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, convenience,
leverage, preference, superiority, usefulness, (v)
benefit; antonyms (n) detriment, difficulty, 3.
utility; synonyms (n) value, purpose, helpfulness,
effectiveness, function, serviceableness, worth, (adj)
functional, 4. efficacy; synonyms (n) effect,
potency, capability, efficaciousness, efficiency,
force, utility, energy, might, power, strength,
validity, vigor, (v) weight; antonyms (n) inefficacy,
inefficiency, 5. gain (kazan); synonyms (v)
acquire, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win,
achieve, advance, make, reach, find, accomplish, (n)
Turkish - English
earnings, acquisition; antonym (v) lose, 6. service
(hizmet); synonyms (n) employment, ministration,
ceremony, business, occupation, office, agency,
ministry, homage, rite, (v) overhaul, serve, refit,
attendance, repair.
yararlanmak 1. enjoy (beenmek); synonyms (v)
appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess, relish,
delight, experience, like, love, own, rejoice, revel,
devour, take; antonym (v) dislike, 2. benefit
(yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good,
welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms
(n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm.
yararl 1. profitable; synonyms (adj) productive,
advantageous, beneficial, fruitful, helpful, good,
gainful, lucrative, useful, desirable, economic, fat,
valuable, expedient, handy; antonyms (adj)
unprofitable, dependent, 2. useful; synonyms (adj)
profitable, practical, convenient, effective,
functional, clever, constructive, efficient,
serviceable, usable, suitable, comfortable,
important, practicable, instrumental; antonyms (adj)
useless, worthless, ineffective, 3. beneficial;
synonyms (adj) favorable, healthy, propitious,
salutary, wholesome, worthwhile, curative, genial,
healing, kind, rewarding, salubrious, healthful,
lucky, nutritious; antonyms (adj) disadvantageous,
harmful, 4. helpful; synonyms (adj) friendly,
beneficent, accommodating, kindly, obliging,
auspicious, generous, conducive, charitable,
cheerful, considerate, (n) benevolent, gracious, (v)
adjuvant, auxiliary; antonyms (adj) unhelpful,
uncooperative, 5. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able,
benefit, delicious, right, capable, excellent, fine,
nice, superior, well, agreeable, gentle, (n) benign,
wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad.
yararsz 1. useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless,
necessary, valuable, 2. pointless; synonyms (adj)
meaningless, flat, aimless, blunt, purposeless,
senseless, dull, inane, otiose, silly, stupid, useless,
insipid, irrelevant, hollow; antonyms (adj)
meaningful, worthwhile.
yarasa bat; synonyms (n) club, rapidity, blow, cudgel,
flittermouse, punch, stick, (v) hit, beat, blink, lick,
slam, thrash, flutter.
yaramak become (olmak); synonyms (v) be, grow,
suit, arise, get, match, sit, come, fall, fit, go, make,
turn, wax, change.
yaratc 1. productive (retken); synonyms (adj)
fertile, fruitful, plentiful, fat, generative, helpful,
copious, lucrative, constructive, inventive, original,
abundant, creative, fecund, plenteous; antonyms
493
(adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable, 2. author

(yazar); synonyms (n) writer, architect, creator,
founder, inventor, originator, parent, producer,

father, generator, maker, dramatist, (v) compose,
create, write, 3. imaginative; synonyms (adj)
ingenious, clever, fanciful, fantastic, resourceful,
artistic; antonyms (adj) unimaginative, logical, 4.
original (orijinal, zgn); synonyms (adj) first,
indigenous, aboriginal, early, fresh, imaginative,
primeval, primordial, (n) archetype, model;
resulting, (n) copy, counterfeit, fake, imitation,
replica.
yaratk 1. creature; synonyms (n) beast, being, brute,
animal, individual, tool, body, entity, human,
person, puppet, somebody, man, mortal, organism,
2. thing (ey); synonyms (n) matter, affair, event,
object, occurrence, article, concern, happening,
something, substance, occasion, incident, business,
deed, item.
yaratmak create; synonyms (v) cause, construct,
make, constitute, produce, beget, breed, build,
compose, do, establish, form, generate, institute,
start; antonyms (v) destroy, terminate.
yarda yard (avlu); synonyms (n) court, courtyard,
garden, backyard, grounds, close, quadrangle,
enclosure, beehive, bindery, chiliad, g, grand, m,
nailery.
yardm 1. help (imdat, yardm etmek); synonyms
(v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate,
contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant,
cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder,
worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 2. assistance;
synonyms (n) relief, backing, charity, hand, help,
remedy, service, advantage, lift, second,
collaboration, comfort, cooperation, patronage, (v)
succor, 3. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, applause,
commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant,
provide, 4. contribution; synonyms (n) allowance,
endowment, investment, part, participation,
payment, present, 5. backing; synonyms (n)
approval, endorsement, accompaniment,
championship, promotion, sanction, sponsorship,
sustenance, funding, funds, 6. favour; synonyms
(v) choose, prefer, privilege, 7. cooperation;
synonyms (n) concurrence, association, teamwork,
partnership, alliance; antonyms (n) stubbornness,
competition, confrontation, rivalry, 8. aid;
synonyms (n) care, recourse, facility, associate,
means, (v) abet, minister, serve, countenance,
encourage, relieve, accommodate, improve,
cooperate, advance, 9. lift (asansr, kaldrmak);
synonyms (n) elevator, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise,
494
Turkish - English
elevate, erect, filch, hike, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear,

steal, swipe, 10. relief; synonyms (n) consolation,
relaxation, release, respite, solace, abatement,
alleviation, redress, rest, amends, assuagement,
break, easing, embossment, ministration, 11.

synonyms (n) stand, keep, maintenance, (v) prop,
back, brace, maintain, bear, carry, confirm,
corroborate, defend, hold, nourish, nurture;
antonyms (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon,
reject, weaken.
yardmc 1. assistant (asistan); synonyms (adj)
ancillary, adjunct, (n) accessory, assist, subordinate,
acolyte, accomplice, assistance, auxiliary, colleague,
helper, adjutant, aide, associate, (v) aid, 2. help
(imdat, yardm, yardm etmek); synonyms (v)
avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute,
forward, back, (n) benefit, support, assistant, cure,
boost, encouragement, backing; antonyms (v)
hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 3.
subsidiary; synonyms (n) underling, (adj)
subservient, secondary, additional, minor,
appurtenant, incidental, inferior, supplemental,
supplementary, acceding, accompanying, adjuvant,
(v) ministrant, 4. deputy; synonyms (n) agent,
surrogate, alternate, delegate, substitute,
ambassador, replacement, representative, vicar,
spokesman, envoy, help, lieutenant, (adj) proxy,
acting, 5. friend (ahbap, arkada, dost);
synonyms (n) fellow, acquaintance, ally, crony,
advocate, booster, buddy, mate, connection,
wellwisher, attendant, cohort, partner, (adj)
companion, comrade; antonyms (n) enemy, foe,
stranger, rival, 6. aid; synonyms (n) relief, care,
hand, lift, patronage, recourse, second, (v) abet,
minister, serve, comfort, countenance, encourage,
relieve, remedy, 7. supporter; synonyms (n)
partisan, admirer, backer, follower, friend, patron,
sponsor, believer, benefactor, champion, devotee,
disciple, fan, protagonist, upholder; antonyms (n)
opponent, skeptic, detractor, critic.
yardmsever 1. charitable; synonyms (adj) merciful,
nasty, uncharitable, 2. helpful; synonyms (adj)
beneficial, favorable, advantageous, friendly,
handy, useful, beneficent, convenient,
accommodating, constructive, instrumental,
obliging, profitable, valuable, (v) adjuvant;
antonyms (adj) unhelpful, useless, uncooperative,
worthless.
yardmseverlik charity (sadaka); synonyms (n)
bounty, dole, favor, aid, generosity, kindness,
liberality, mercy, virtue, clemency, compassion,
gift, pity, (v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms

(n) miserliness, intolerance.
yardm help (imdat, yardm, yardm etmek);

yarg 1. judgement; synonyms (n) discretion,
assessment, discernment, opinion, belief, judging,
judgment, mind, perspicacity, sagacity, 2. ruling;
synonyms (adj) leading, regnant, reigning,
prevailing, prevalent, (n) rule, decision, decree,
edict, act, directive, judgement, law,
pronouncement, verdict.
yarg 1. judge; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator,
referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think,
believe, condemn, assess, adjudicate, calculate,
decide, guess, umpire, 2. justice (adalet);
synonyms (n) equity, fairness, impartiality,
integrity, judge, right, judicature, jurist, justness,
morality, correctness, court, (adj) honesty, just,
principle; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness.
yarglama trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test,
experimental.
yarglamak 1. try; synonyms (v) attempt, test,
struggle, prove, strive, assay, examine, experiment,
judge, sample, (n) endeavor, essay, chance, effort,
shot, 2. judge; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator,
referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think,
believe, condemn, assess, adjudicate, calculate,
decide, guess, umpire.
yar half (buuk); synonyms (n) mediety, halve,
piece, bisection, hemisphere, (adv) halfendeal,
imperfectly, (adj) moiety, part, short, behalf,
bisected, divided, even-steven, halved; antonyms
(n) whole, all.
yarap radius; synonyms (n) length, semidiameter,
spoke, range, compass, scope, bar, bore, caliber,
diameter, line.
yark 1. breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack,
fissure; antonym (n) observance, 2. slot; synonyms
(n) groove, place, notch, position, cut, section, class,
nick, partition, spot, track, compartment, group, (v)
slit, rank, 3. split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme,
yarmak); synonyms (v) burst, divide, separate,
divorce, breach, cleave, division, fork, part, rive, (n)
rip, tear, cleavage, cleft, parting; antonyms (v) join,
unite, merge, 4. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v)
carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite,
condense, crop, drop, fashion, reduce, (n) slice,
cutting, blow, gash; antonyms (v) increase,
lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 5. gap (aralk,
Turkish - English
boluk); synonyms (n) chasm, clearance,
difference, vacancy, blank, disparity, disruption,
hiatus, hole, interruption, interval, discrepancy,
chap, variance, fault, 6. chap; synonyms (n) fellow,
person, blighter, cranny, guy, lad, man, beau,
scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male, wight;
antonym (n) woman, 7. rent; synonyms (n) lease,
let, flaw, interstice, pay, rental, (v) hire, charter,
engage, take, mesh, employ, allow, (adj) torn,
blasted.
yarkre hemisphere; synonyms (n) area, realm,
region, sphere, ground, orb, quarter, field, half,
soil.
yarlmak crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft,
mend.
yarm half (buuk); synonyms (n) mediety, halve,
piece, bisection, hemisphere, (adv) halfendeal,
imperfectly, (adj) moiety, part, short, behalf,
bisected, divided, even-steven, halved; antonyms
(n) whole, all.
yarmyamalak superficial (yzeysel); synonyms
(adj) cursory, shallow, external, sketchy, slight,
apparent, exterior, frivolous, outward, surface,
outer, flimsy, empty, facile, ostensible; antonyms
(adj) deep, innate, real, thorough, profound, inner,
permanent.
yarn tomorrow; synonyms (adv) kal, never.
yar 1. race; synonyms (n) kind, dash, family, career,
competition, people, kin, nation, (v) course, run,
rush, fly, hasten, hurry, (adj) lineage, 2. run
gush, race, conduct, direct, function, go, operate,
pour, progress, (n) pass, campaign, drive, (adj)
stream.
yar competitor; synonyms (n) rival, antagonist,
adversary, candidate, challenger, match,
competition, contender, opponent, enemy, aspirant,
entrant, contestant, corrival, player.
yarma 1. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition,
dispute, argue, challenge, 2. competition;
synonyms (n) contest, rivalry, competitor, game,
match, rival, contender, emulation, event, feud,
fixture, opposition, strife, challenger; antonym (n)
cooperation.
yarmac competitor; synonyms (n) rival,
antagonist, adversary, candidate, challenger,
match, competition, contender, opponent, enemy,
aspirant, entrant, contestant, corrival, player.
yarmak 1. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition,
dispute, argue, challenge, 2. compete; synonyms
(v) emulate, rival, strive, participate, oppose,
495
contest, vie, play, run, 3. race; synonyms (n) kind,

dash, family, career, people, kin, nation, pedigree,
birth, (v) course, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, (adj)
lineage.
yarma split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme,

join, unite, merge.
yarmak 1. split (ayrmak, blmek, blnme);

synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide,
separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip,
rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite,
merge, 2. breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink,
crevice, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split,
trespass, cranny, cleft, disruption, (v) contravene,
fissure, violate; antonym (n) observance.
ya 1. age; synonyms (n) period, aeon, day, era, time,
cycle, years, antiquity, epoch, eternity, generation,
(v) mature, grow, ripen, develop, 2. wet (slak,
slatmak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid, drenched,
moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy, saturated,
soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, (n)
moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched, (v)
dry.
yasa 1. law (hukuk, kanun); synonyms (n) rule,
canon, decree, act, edict, regulation, enactment,
ruling, axiom, directive, 2. statute (kural);
synonyms (n) law, ordinance, constitution, charter,
code, bill, pandect, proclamation, 3. act
(n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, do,
feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform,
acquit, enact, feign; antonym (v) refrain.
yasad illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden,
yasak 1. forbidden; synonyms (adj) unlawful,
banned, illegal, prohibited, taboo, contraband,
illicit, proscribed, verboten; antonym (adj)
acceptable, 2. ban; synonyms (n) anathema, bar,
veto, restraint, command, curse, embargo,
prohibition, (v) forbid, prohibit, banish, exclude,
expel, enjoin, illegalize; antonyms (v) permit, allow,
sanction, 3. prohibition; synonyms (n) ban,
exclusion, forbiddance, inhibition, interdiction,
banning, forbidding, injunction, proscription,
enjoinment, impediment, interdict, restriction,
denial, noninclusion; antonym (n) entitlement.
yasaklamak 1. bar (bar, ubuk); synonyms (n)
barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block,
bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose;
antonyms (v) permit, allow, 2. ban; synonyms (n)
anathema, bar, veto, restraint, command, curse,
496
Turkish - English
embargo, prohibition, (v) forbid, prohibit, banish,

expel, enjoin, illegalize, reject; antonym (v)
sanction.
yasaklanm forbidden (yasak); synonyms (adj)
unlawful, banned, illegal, prohibited, taboo,
contraband, illicit, proscribed, verboten; antonym
(adj) acceptable.
yasal 1. legal; synonyms (adj) lawful, sound, valid,
juridical, constitutional, judicial, permissible,
rightful, true, correct, sanctioned, official, (v)
unlawful, bogus, 2. lawful; synonyms (adj) legal,
just, justifiable, regular, right, equitable, fair,
admissible, innocent, due, genuine, honest, (v)
chartered, 3. legitimate; synonyms (adj) authentic,
orthodox, logical, real, actual, allowed, proper,
reasonable, authoritative, authorized, (v) legalize,
legitimatize, legitimize, decriminalize, legalise;
antonyms (adj) banned, informal, illegitimate,
invalid, 4. statutory; synonyms (adj) statutable,
canonical, 5. valid (Geerli); synonyms (adj) solid,
forcible, substantial, good, powerful, strong,
cogent, effectual, hard, competent, confirmed,
adequate, convincing, hardy, persuasive; antonyms
(adj) unacceptable, annulled, illogical.
yaam life (hayat); synonyms (n) animation, energy,
spirit, activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm,
autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy.
yasama legislation; synonyms (n) lawmaking,
legislating, law, conduct, government, gubernation,
passage, administration, constitution, nomology.
yaama living (canl); synonyms (adj) lively, alive,
benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death.
yaamak 1. live (canl, oturmak); synonyms (v)
exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell,
endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active, animate,
living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate, 2.
exist (var olmak); synonyms (v) lie, consist,
belong, continue, live, occur, hold, remain;
antonym (v) die, 3. experience (deneyim,
tecrbe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening,
taste, (v) encounter, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel,
have, know, meet, receive, sustain, (adj) see;
antonym (n) inexperience.
yaamsal vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential,
indispensable, animated, alive, crucial,
fundamental, important, lively, main, necessary,
chief, momentous, live, dynamic; antonyms (adj)
yaant experience (deneyim, tecrbe); synonyms
(n) event, episode, happening, (v) encounter,
endure, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know,
live, meet, receive, (adj) see; antonym (n)

inexperience.
yaayan 1. living (canl); synonyms (adj) lively, alive,
benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death,
2. alive (canl); synonyms (adj) living, sensible,
vivacious, responsive, aware, eager, acute,
energetic, awake, keen, intelligent; antonym (adj)
deceased, 3. vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential,
indispensable, crucial, fundamental, important,
main, necessary, chief, momentous, dynamic, basic,
decisive, imperative, requisite; antonyms (adj)
yaslama justification; synonyms (n) apology,
authority, salvation, sanctification, (v) excuse.
yaslamak justify; synonyms (v) excuse, explain,
absolve, confirm, defend, exonerate, vindicate,
deserve, apologize, claim, exculpate, palliate,
rationalize, exempt, (n) warrant.
yalanmak age (ya); synonyms (n) period, aeon,
day, era, time, cycle, years, antiquity, epoch,
eternity, generation, (v) mature, grow, ripen,
develop.
yal old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete,
modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful.
yass flat (dz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even,
plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring,
uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy.
yastk 1. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs,
wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff,
wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify,
enlarge, 2. pillow; synonyms (n) brass, (v) rest,
breathe, lie, perch, remain, reside, roost, stay.
yat yacht; synonyms (n) boat, vessel, ship, craft,
dinghy, clipper, ferry, liner, schooner.
yatak 1. bed; synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis,
berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack,
rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting, 2.
bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage,
air, aim, behavior, comportment, 3. sack (torba);
synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag,
plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack,
rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire.
yatay 1. horizontal; synonyms (adj) even, flat, level,
plane, straight, direct, prostrate, smooth; antonym
(adj) vertical, 2. landscape (peyzaj); synonyms (n)
Turkish - English
outlook, scene, scenery, sight, view, vista, ground,
lookout, panorama, perspective, picture, (v)
prospect, 3. across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross,
yatrm investment; synonyms (n) investing,
investiture, clothing, siege, finance, venture,
backing, obsession, property, installation, outlay,
capital, covering, accession, assets.
yatrmc investor; synonyms (n) banker, capitalist,
financier, speculator, backer, benefactor, client,
entrepreneur, fan, saver, sponsor, supporter,
tycoon, angel, collector.
yatrmak 1. deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n)
charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v)
bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave;
antonym (v) withdraw, 2. lay; synonyms (v) place,
put, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay,
arrange, bet, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 3. bed
(yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis,
berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack,
support, pallet, understructure, setting, course, 4.
sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline,
dip, droop, fall, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse,
decay, flag, founder, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v)
rise, float.
yatmak settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify,
confirm.
yattrmak 1. still; synonyms (adv) however, but,
fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 2. lay; synonyms (v) place,
put, fix, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear,
allay, arrange, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 3.
moderate (lml); synonyms (adj) temperate,
abstemious, middling, mild, easy, dull, fair, (v)
mitigate, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate,
(adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate,
radical, (v) increase, intensify, 4. ease (rahat);
synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, aid, leisure,
relief, repose, satisfaction, alleviation, composure,
lightness, (v) alleviate, relieve, facilitate, relax, (adj)
smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort,
steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant,
continual, fixed, resolute, stable, incessant, sedate,
settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, regular, brace;
intermittent, unreliable, 6. settle; synonyms (v)
clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, adjudicate,
adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, drop,
explain, fall, (adj) confirm.
yatkn inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique,
497

yatmak lie (yalan); synonyms (v) consist, repose,
falsify, belong, couch, (n) fabrication, falsehood,
falsity, fib, fiction, rest, untruth, bluff, counterfeit,
deceit; antonyms (v) stand, (n) truth.
yavan dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid,
(v) drench.
Yava slow (yavalamak); synonyms (adj) dull, late,
easy, sluggish, heavy, dense, dim, gradual,
inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid, (v) slack, (adv)
behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast,
accelerate.
yavalamak slow (Yava); synonyms (adj) dull, late,
easy, sluggish, heavy, dense, dim, gradual,
inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid, (v) slack, (adv)
behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast,
accelerate.
yavalatmak slow (Yava, yavalamak);

synonyms (adj) dull, late, easy, sluggish, heavy,
dense, dim, gradual, inactive, indolent, lazy,
stupid, (v) slack, (adv) behind, behindhand;
antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert,
brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried,
observant, rushed, (v) accelerate.
yavru 1. young (gen); synonyms (adj) green,
juvenile, immature, adolescent, fresh, new, raw,
baby, boyish, callow, childish, early, tender, (n)
offspring, progeny; antonyms (adj) old, mature,
adult, (n) aged, 2. child (ocuk); synonyms (n)
boy, babe, bairn, brat, girl, infant, kid, minor,
toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp, daughter,
descendant.
yavrulamak breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety,
beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate.
yay 1. arc (ark); synonyms (n) arch, bow, bend,
crescent, curvature, spark, sweep, (v) curve, 2.
bow; synonyms (n) arc, obeisance, turn, stem, (v)
stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow,
crook, defer, kneel, nod, submit, 3. spring (bahar,
fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper,
bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic.
yaygara fuss; synonyms (n) bustle, commotion, flap,
ado, bother, disturbance, fidget, excitement,
bickering, (v) flurry, bicker, fret, hubbub, complain,
(adj) stir.
498
Turkish - English
yaygn 1. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj)
yayn 1. publication; synonyms (n) announcement,
ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar,

accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre,
plebeian, public, trivial, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj)
individual, uncommon, rare, unusual,
exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 2. general
(genel); synonyms (adj) common, comprehensive,
national, universal, broad, commonplace, current,
ecumenical, average, communal, extensive, (n)
chief, commander, (v) customary, frequent;
antonyms (adj) narrow, (n) particular.
yaygnlk 1. penetration; synonyms (n) insight,
acuteness, discrimination, incursion, entrance,
profundity, perception, sagacity, coition, (v)
intelligence, discernment, judgment, acupuncture,
(adj) acumen, subtlety, 2. prevalence; synonyms
(n) preponderance, domination, advantage,
ascendency, ascendancy, frequency, predominance,
superiority, excellence, sway, popularity, vogue,
commonness, pressure.
yaylma 1. expansion (genleme); synonyms (n)
amplification, enlargement, development,
dilatation, dilation, elaboration, growth, stretch,
distention, evolution, increase, inflation, swelling,
(v) extension, augmentation; antonyms (n)
contraction, decrease, reduction, abbreviation, 2.
distribution (datm); synonyms (n) diffusion,
dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment,
concentration, 3. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v)
scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast,
circulate, diffuse, disseminate, propagate, broaden,
deploy, enlarge, dilate, (n) span; antonym (adj)
concentrated.
yaylmak 1. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter,
reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast,
concentrated, 2. stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run,
expanse, extension, range, effort, (v) strain,
elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge,
distend, pull; antonym (v) shorten.
yaymc 1. publisher; synonyms (n) newspaper,
paper, bookseller, press, father, 2. editor
(dzenleyici); synonyms (n) redactor, writer,
editioner, journalist.
yaymclk publishing; synonyms (n) issue,
publication, announcement, arraignment,
denunciation, dissemination, proclamation.
yaymlamak publish; synonyms (v) declare,
announce, disclose, circulate, divulge, issue,
proclaim, communicate, notify, advertise,
broadcast, print, promulgate, spread, expose.
book, issue, newspaper, periodical, proclamation,

journal, declaration, disclosure, promulgation,
volume, circular, magazine, issuance, bulletin, 2.
issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress,
consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v)
flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge,
gush, 3. edition; synonyms (n) version, print,
circulation, copy, number, adaptation, rendering,
translation, variation, compilation, run, anthology,
collection, indiction, installment.
yaynlamak issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath,
discharge, gush.
yaylanma spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n)
(adj) elastic.
yayma 1. emission; synonyms (n) discharge,
emanation, effusion, ejection, venting, vent,
dismission, 2. spreading; synonyms (adj)
scattering, diffusing, contagious, diffusive, (n)
diffusion, dissemination, propagation, dispersion,
circulation, spread, dispersal, extension, scatter,
distribution, airing.
yaymak 1. spread; synonyms (v) scatter, reach,
disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate,
diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch,
broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj)
concentrated, 2. extend (geniletmek,
uzatmak); synonyms (v) enlarge, amplify, dilate,
widen, augment, continue, elongate, go, spread,
carry, develop, offer, contribute, advance, crane;
shrink, 3. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set,
(adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 4. expand
(bytmek, genilemek, geniletmek);

synonyms (v) balloon, distend, aggrandize, inflate,
swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, grow, open, rise,
unfold, escalate, evolve, (adj) expatiate; antonyms
(v) contract, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce,
summarize, 5. rumour; synonyms (n) hearsay, (v)
rumor, bruit.
yaz summer; synonyms (n) summertime, beam, joist,
lintel, rafter, scaffold, season, skeleton, transom,
girder, harvest, trave, summertide, vacation.
yazar 1. author; synonyms (n) writer, architect,
creator, founder, inventor, originator, parent,
producer, father, generator, maker, dramatist, (v)
compose, create, write, 2. writer; synonyms (n)
author, journalist, poet, penman, commentator,
playwright, correspondent, reporter.
yazarlk writing; synonyms (n) script, composition,
lettering, print, document, autograph, paper,
Turkish - English
authorship, book, inscription, record, journal, text,
style, words.
yazdr print; synonyms (n) imprint, mark,
photograph, issue, engrave, stamp.
yazg 1. destiny; synonyms (n) fate, chance, fortune,
kismet, luck, destination, lot, portion, weird,
accident, circumstances, (v) doom, 2. fate (kader);
synonyms (n) destiny, fatality, allotment, end,
future, hap, (v) destine, designate, destruction.
yaz 1. contribution; synonyms (n) allowance,
payment, present, 2. writing; synonyms (n) script,
composition, lettering, print, document, autograph,
paper, authorship, book, inscription, record,
journal, text, style, words, 3. article; synonyms (n)
section, object, thing, chapter, clause, commodity,
discourse, entity, essay, feature, report, review,
story, ware, passage.
yazc 1. printer; synonyms (n) pressman,
newspaperwoman, newswriter, imprinter, 2.
clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber, accountant,
employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff, cashier, (v)
amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener.
yazhane bureau (bro); synonyms (n) agency,
office, authority, chest, department, desk, dresser,
box.
yazk 1. shame (ayp); synonyms (n) reproach,
honor, 2. pity (acmak); synonyms (n)
compassion, commiseration, mercy, condolence,
clemency, pathos, remorse, shame, sympathy,
comfort, feeling, benevolence, (v) commiserate,
compassionate, sympathize; antonym (n) blame.
yazl written; synonyms (adj) scripted, registered,
clerical, conscript, enrolled, hard-and-fast, literal,
(n) examination; antonym (adj) spoken.
yazlm software; synonyms (n) bundle, package,
packet, parcel, ware.
yazm spelling; synonym (n) orthography.
yazn literature (edebiyat); synonyms (n) learning,
letters, science, writing, novel, writings,
knowledge, advertisement, art, circular, erudition,
fiction, letterure, pamphlet, text.
yazsz blank (bo, boluk); synonyms (adj) bare,
empty, unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull,
form, emptiness, gap, hiatus; antonyms (adj)
animated, full, expressive.
yazma correspondence; synonyms (n) conformity,
accord, agreement, communication, connection,
coincidence, concord, affinity, analogy, congruity,
499
equality, equivalence, parallel, parallelism,

resemblance; antonyms (n) difference, asymmetry,
dissimilarity.
yazma 1. write (yazmak); synonyms (v) compose,
indite, pen, correspond, compile, draw, publish,
record, spell, outline, type, construct, create, frame,
(n) copy, 2. writing; synonyms (n) script,
composition, lettering, print, document, autograph,
paper, authorship, book, inscription, journal, text,
style, words, correspondence.
yazma register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) record,
list, inventory, note, catalogue, book, account, roll,
(v) file, enroll, chronicle, enter, indicate, read, show.
yazmak 1. write; synonyms (v) compose, indite, pen,
correspond, compile, draw, publish, record, spell,
outline, type, construct, create, frame, (n) copy, 2.
type (tip, tr); synonyms (n) pattern, character,
kind, nature, sort, breed, category, stamp, brand,
emblem, font, form, manner, print, (adj) model, 3.

note, report, score, inscribe, 4. register
(kaydetmek); synonyms (n) inventory, catalogue,
roll, annals, index, listing, registry, (v) enroll,
indicate, read, show, mark, enlist, catalog, display,
5. pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage,
ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen,
prison, (v) enclose, confine, impound, write, inclose,
style.
yazman 1. clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber,
cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener,
2. secretary (sekreter); synonyms (n) clerk,
escritoire, minister, desk, secretaire, factor,
repository.
yazc printer (yazc); synonyms (n) pressman,
yedek 1. substitute; synonyms (adj) replacement,
alternative, ersatz, makeshift, (n) deputy, backup,
delegate, (v) alternate, shift, change, replace,
surrogate, exchange, sub, cover, 2. reserve
(ayrmak); synonyms (n) modesty, reservation,
substitute, bank, cache, diffidence, hoard, order, (v)
keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate, engage,
hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness,
informality, warmth, 3. spare; synonyms (adj)
reserve, slender, excess, slight, additional, lean,
slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt,
economize, excuse, (n) extra.
yedi seven; synonyms (n) heptad, septet, ace, eight,
jack, king, knave, nine, queen, septette, ten, deuce,
five, four, sevensome.
yedirmek feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v)
500
Turkish - English

provender, fare; antonym (v) starve.
yeen nephew; synonyms (n) aunt, uncle.
yelemek 1. prefer; synonyms (v) choose, pick,
advance, elect, elevate, favor, like, opt, favour,
promote, select, want, dignify, fancy, desire, 2.
choose (semek); synonyms (v) adopt, prefer,
appoint, take, assign, decide, determine, draw,
excerpt, vote, wish, nominate, designate, resolve,
please; antonyms (v) reject, refuse.
yekpare integral (btn, tmlev); synonyms (adj)
complete, entire, inherent, full, constitutional,
inbuilt, intact, total, constituent, all, integrant,
organic, perfect, (n) whole, differential.
yekun sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity,
entirety, mass, count, measure, join, (v) amount,
aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute,
(adj) all.
yel wind (Rzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust,
(v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve,
twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave.
yelken 1. sail; synonyms (n) float, voyage, canvas,
sheet, plane, ship, (v) cruise, navigate, run, glide,
cross, drift, sweep, travel, fly, 2. cloth (kuma);
synonyms (n) fabric, material, cover, rag, stuff,
textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 3. canvas (tuval);
synonyms (n) picture, duck, sail, (v) canvass,
painting, tableau.
yelkencilik sailing; synonyms (adj) nautical, (n)
navigation, departure, glide, gliding, seafaring,
boating, cruise, soaring.
yelpaze fan (hayran, vantilatr); synonyms (n)
yelpazelemek fan (hayran, vantilatr, yelpaze);

synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast,
addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower,
advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow;
antonym (n) detractor.
yeltenme attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try,
undertake.
yeltenmek attempt; synonyms (n) try, endeavor,
assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault,
adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance,
undertake.
yem 1. food (besin, gda, yiyecek); synonyms (n)
board, edible, fare, aliment, diet, dish,
nourishment, sustenance, eating, fodder, meat,
nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, 2. feed
(beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine,
browse, encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast,
fertilize, foster, grub, nurse, (n) food, provender,
meal; antonym (v) starve.
yemek 1. eat; synonyms (v) devour, consume, bite,

dine, munch, corrode, deplete, drink, feed, finish,
gnaw, gobble, gorge, graze, (adj) digest, 2. meal;
synonyms (n) food, flour, repast, banquet, spread,
3. feed (beslemek); synonyms (v) eat, nurture,
browse, board, diet, encourage, nourish, fatten,
feast, fertilize, foster, (n) aliment, provender, fare,
fodder; antonym (v) starve, 4. food (besin, gda,
yiyecek); synonyms (n) edible, dish, nourishment,
sustenance, eating, meat, nutriment, nutrition,
pabulum, victual, bread, menu, feeding, foodstuffs,
fuel, 5. dinner; synonyms (n) lunch, meal, party,
(v) tiffin, bever, dejeuner, 6. dish; synonyms (n)
bowl, beauty, disk, plate, platter, saucer, container,
dishful, bag, (v) hollow, serve.
yemekhane hall (hol); synonyms (n) corridor, foyer,
lobby, mansion, vestibule, auditorium, anteroom,
court, castle, concourse, antechamber, atrium,
dorm, dormitory, (v) passage.
yemin oath; synonyms (n) curse, expletive,
yen sleeve; synonyms (n) arm, case, liner, cover, cuff,
collar, sheath, skin, socket, wristband, gauntlet,
glove, mitten, (v) mesh, net.
yenge aunt (hala, teyze); synonyms (n) auntie,
aunty, uncle, nephew, niece.
yeni 1. new; synonyms (adj) green, modern, novel,
original, additional, inexperienced, innovative,
raw, recent, strange, unaccustomed,
unprecedented, young, (adv) fresh, lately; antonyms
(adj) old, familiar, outgoing, second-hand,
traditional, used, less, old-fashioned, stale, (adv)
past, 2. novel (roman); synonyms (n) fiction,
romance, book, narrative, story, tale, (adj) new,
curious, different, newfangled, unfamiliar, unique,
extraordinary, abnormal, foreign, 3. fresh (taze);
synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, bright, airy,
bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, pure, smart,
sweet, flippant, fair; antonyms (adj) decayed,
exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off,
oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 4.
young (gen, yavru); synonyms (adj) juvenile,
immature, adolescent, baby, boyish, callow,
childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, childlike,
(n) offspring, progeny, issue; antonyms (adj) mature,
adult, (n) aged, 5. hot (scak); synonyms (adj)
warm, ardent, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery,
flaming, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast,
peppery, pungent, spicy, angry; antonyms (adj)
mild, cold, freezing, bland, 6. newly; synonyms
(adv) recently, freshly, late, anew, again, latterly, (adj)
afresh, 7. recent; synonyms (adj) latest,
contemporary, current, last, latter, final, immediate,
present.
Turkish - English
yeniden 1. again (bir daha, gene, tekrar, yine);
repeatedly, then, also, further, often, 2. re;
synonyms (prep) about, concerning, regarding, on,
(n) ray, beam, radium, rhenium, shaft.
yenileme 1. replacement; synonyms (n) exchange,
substitute, alternate, deputy, renewal, substitution,
surrogate, reinstatement, permutation,
rehabilitation, relief, return, successor, switch, (v)
makeshift, 2. restoration; synonyms (n)
restitution, renovation, restore, revival, regaining,
repair, rejuvenation, recession, recuperation,
reform, regeneration, comeback, improvement, (v)
amends, reparation; antonyms (n) confiscation,
reduction, 3. renewal; synonyms (n) renaissance,
rebirth, reclamation, restoration, innovation,
refurbishment, rebuilding, reconstruction,
recovery, reformation, repetition, replacement,
replenishment, resurgence, revitalization.
yenilenme regeneration; synonyms (n) revival,
rebirth, sanctification, renaissance, resurgence,
revitalization, conversion, inspiration, (adj)
adoption, beatification.
yenilgi 1. defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin,
surrender, 2. beating; synonyms (n) reverse,
defeat, thrashing, whipping, battery, battering,
debacle, drubbing, hammering, pounding,
pulsation, pulse, throbbing, thumping, (adj) pulsing,
3. reverse (ters); synonyms (adj) opposite,
converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind,
countermand, overturn, revoke, rear, nullify,
cancel, invert, overrule, (n) contrary; antonym (n)
front.
yenilik 1. innovation; synonyms (n) change,
alteration, invention, mutation, novelty, variation,
creation, reform, improvement, vicissitude,
conception, conversion, design, excogitation,
feature, 2. novelty; synonyms (n) innovation,
freshness, newness, trinket, curiosity, oddity,
originality, bangle, bauble, difference, fallal, gaud,
gewgaw, knickknack, (adj) news, 3. change
(deiiklik, deitirmek); synonyms (n) shift,
barter, modification, move, (v) exchange, alter,
adapt, alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose,
turn, twist, affect; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle,
maintain, 4. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit,
digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff,
withdrawal, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n)
arrival, appearance.
yenilmek lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop,
501

succeed.
yenmek 1. master (ana, ba); synonyms (n) captain,
instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, (v)
chief, original, ace, expert, 2. defeat; synonyms (n)
frustration, ruin, beating, (v) crush, overcome, beat,
abolish, baffle, foil, overpower, repulse, rout,
subdue, surmount, (adj) rebuff; antonyms (n)
victory, success, win, (v) lose, surrender, 3. beat;
synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick,
trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump,
knock, round, cadence.
yer 1. earth (dnya, toprak, yeryz); synonyms
2. location (Konum); synonyms (n) localization,
orientation, position, berth, emplacement, fix, lieu,
locale, locating, scene, setting, attitude, bearing,
address, place, 3. ground (toprak, zemin);
synonyms (n) base, cause, floor, reason, field, soil,
account, basis, footing, foundation, (v) bottom,
found, establish, rest, build; antonym (n) ceiling, 4.
place; synonyms (n) domicile, office, order, spot,
job, location, (v) post, arrange, lay, locate, rank,
station, deposit, install, pitch; antonym (v) remove,
5. space (alan, aralk, uzay); synonyms (n)
length, gap, opening, period, scope, void, margin,
distance, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude,
range, room, volume, 6. seat (koltuk); synonyms
(n) bench, backside, behind, buttocks, chair,
posterior, rear, rump, residence, home, bed, can, (v)
put, contain, hold, 7. locality; synonyms (n) area,
district, neighborhood, quarter, vicinity, point,
region, section, environs, habitat, territory,
neighbourhood, site, situation, zone, 8. position
(konum); synonyms (n) condition, employment,
opinion, placement, set, arrangement, posture,
stance, stand, status, case, disposition, belief, (v)
grade, pose, 9. room (oda); synonyms (n)
chamber, occasion, apartment, hall, house,
opportunity, expanse, flat, cabin, leeway, space,
lodging, possibility, (v) board, abide, 10. where
(nerede, nereye); synonyms (adv) there, here,
whereas, somewhere, everyplace, someplace, (conj)
but, while, (pron) everywhere, whether, 11. spot
(benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, speck,
stain, dot, dapple, dirty, mark, (v) blemish, fleck,
speckle, daub, flaw, mottle, freckle, blur, 12. floor
(taban, zemin); synonyms (n) level, layer,
flooring, platform, apron, (v) deck, dump, fell,
prostrate, stun, baffle, mystify, bewilder, puzzle,
(adj) drub; antonym (n) top, 13. situation;
synonyms (n) matter, circumstance, circumstances,
seat, aspect, environment, state, function, form,
context, estate, pass, predicament, billet, event, 14.
502
Turkish - English
slot; synonyms (n) groove, notch, aperture, cut,
hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly,
split, class, nick, partition, track, compartment,

group, label, (v) slit, 15. station (durak,
istasyon); synonyms (n) standing, depot, dignity,
appointment, sphere, degree, garrison, department,
fort, lookout, stage, (v) localize, lodge, park, situate,
(adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous.
16. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak);

tolerate, prop, erect, accept, bear, brook, continue,
(n) booth, rack, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie, 17.
site; synonyms (n) locality, settle, (v) invest.
yeralt underground; synonyms (adj) clandestine,
secret, covert, hidden, undercover, surreptitious,
furtive, stealthy, belowground, guerilla, (n) metro,
subway, tube, (v) buried, underhand.
yerekimi gravity; synonyms (n) earnestness,
solemnity, graveness, gravitation, seriousness,
significance, weight, sedateness, austerity,
importance, moment, staidness, gloominess,
sobriety, (v) poise; antonyms (n) flippancy,
insignificance, lightheartedness.
yerel 1. local; synonyms (adj) native, sectional, topical,
home, indigenous, municipal, nearby, civic,
universal, worldwide, 2. native; synonyms (adj)
inborn, inherent, innate, natural, congenital,
domestic, inbred, autochthonous, connatural,
genuine, (n) aboriginal, autochthon, citizen,
inhabitant, indigene; antonyms (adj) learned, (n)
stranger, immigrant, imported.
yerinde 1. suitable (uygun); synonyms (adj)
appropriate, fit, good, apt, proper, right,
convenient, eligible, apposite, correct, desirable,
fitting, pertinent, due, (v) becoming; antonyms (adj)
inappropriate, unsuitable, wrong, improper, 2.
good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious,
efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior,
well, advantageous, agreeable, (n) benign,
wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 3. apt (uygun);
synonyms (adj) adroit, apropos, intelligent,
adequate, dexterous, ready, smart, clever, deft,
disposed, expert, happy, just, liable, likely, 4.
becoming; synonyms (v) meet, (adj) seemly, decent,
decorous, befitting, relevant, comely, suitable,
handsome, attractive, congruous, graceful, modest,
respectable; antonym (adj) unbecoming, 5.
appropriate (ayrmak, kendine mal etmek,

uygun); synonyms (adj) true, particular, peculiar,
special, applicable, (v) annex, allocate, adopt, seize,
apply, allot, allow, assign, assume, capture;
antonyms (adj) unrelated, untimely, (v) surrender, 6.
well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly,
considerably, fully, correctly, amply, (adj) healthy,
shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit,
yerleik 1. settled; synonyms (adj) definite, fixed, set,

firm, permanent, calm, certain, decided,
established, defined, formed, confirmed, finished,
sedate, standing; antonym (adj) uninhabited, 2.
resident; synonyms (adj) native, inmate, local,
nonmigratory, (n) inhabitant, occupant, dweller,
tenant, citizen, lodger, occupier, representative, (v)
resiant; antonyms (adj) migratory, (n) landlord,
drifter.
yerleim layout; synonyms (n) arrangement,
composition, design, plan, array, order, outline,
scheme, display.
yerleme 1. settling; synonyms (adj) conclusive,
deciding, definitive, determining, rescriptive, (n)
sedimentation, settlement, subsidence, defecation,
colonization, definition, remission, remittal, sag,
subsiding, 2. settlement; synonyms (n) decision,
establishment, liquidation, village.
yerlemek settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify,
confirm.
yerletirme placement; synonyms (n) disposition,
arrangement, emplacement, locating, location,
position, order, place, positioning.
yerletirmek 1. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign,
determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, adjust,
arrange, set, clamp, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm,
attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 2. locate;
synonyms (v) base, lay, discover, find, localize,
situate, fix, deposit, identify, install, position, post,
unearth, localise, (n) place, 3. establish; synonyms
(v) erect, prove, appoint, build, constitute,
demonstrate, create, found, institute, begin, certify,
compose, construct, corroborate, decide; antonyms
(v) disprove, abolish, terminate, 4. put (koymak);
synonyms (v) impose, couch, locate, pose, charge,
pitch, commit, express, make, plant, aim, cast,
frame, order, (n) invest, 5. settle; synonyms (v)
clarify, pay, regulate, resolve, adjudicate, agree,
conclude, drop, explain, fall, reconcile, subside,
accommodate, negotiate, sit, 6. place (yer);
synonyms (n) domicile, office, spot, attitude, job,
location, situation, circumstance, center, abode,
berth, (v) rank, station, put, lie; antonym (v)
remove, 7. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n)
bench, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair,
posterior, rear, rump, residence, foundation, home,
bed, (v) contain, hold, 8. accommodate;
synonyms (v) adapt, fit, oblige, fashion, lodge,
provide, quarter, supply, harmonise, admit,
conciliate, conform, furnish, gratify, (adj) suit;
Turkish - English
antonym (v) evict, 9. dispose; synonyms (v)
incline, predispose, discard, lead, range, tend,
classify, direct, organize, condition, contribute, (n)
array, bias, influence, command; antonym (v)
indispose, 10. lay; synonyms (v) rest, bear, allay,
bet, impute, repose, wager, (adj) secular, calm, laic,
worldly, (n) ballad, song, canticle, canzonet, 11.
install (kurmak); synonyms (v) inaugurate,
crown, induct, instal, seat, assemble, initiate,
instate, introduce, mount; antonym (v) overthrow,
12. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot,
speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, mark, space, (v)
blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, mottle, 13.
quarter (eyrek); synonyms (n) area, part, district,
division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction,
portion, quart, fourth, (v) line, billet, canton, divide,
14. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takm);

synonyms (v) congeal, posit, decline, (n) class, bent,
circle, lot, party, batch, battery, company, (adj)
fixed, fast, secure, ready; antonyms (v) soften,
liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable,
flexible, liquid, 15. post (posta); synonyms (n)
function, pillar, stake, column, employment,
appointment, assignment, beam, prop, support, (v)
mail, enter, send, bill, hasten, 16. position
(konum); synonyms (n) opinion, placement,
arrangement, bearing, posture, stance, stand,
status, case, disposition, belief, character,
circumstances, (v) grade, point.
yerli 1. domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil,
external, 2. indigenous; synonyms (adj)
aboriginal, autochthonous, domestic, endemic,
vernacular, congenital, inherent, innate,
autochthonal, autochthonic, 3. native; synonyms
(adj) inborn, natural, inbred, connatural, genuine,
intrinsic, natal, pure, radical, (n) autochthon,
citizen, inhabitant, indigene, local, resident;
antonyms (adj) learned, (n) stranger, immigrant,
imported, 4. local (yerel); synonyms (adj)
sectional, topical, municipal, nearby, civic, limited,
national, parochial, provincial, restricted;
antonyms (adj) universal, worldwide.
yersiz 1. unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj)
happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied, 2. irrelevant;
synonyms (adj) inappropriate, extraneous,
inapplicable, insignificant, impertinent, inapposite,
inconsequential, trivial, unimportant, unrelated,
unsuitable, petty, minor, pointless, trifling;
antonyms (adj) relevant, admissible.
503
yeryz 1. earth (dnya, toprak, yer); synonyms

2. ground (toprak, yer, zemin); synonyms (n)

base, cause, floor, reason, field, soil, account, basis,
footing, foundation, (v) bottom, found, establish,
fix, rest; antonym (n) ceiling.
yeil green; synonyms (adj) fresh, callow, immature,
emerald, jealous, raw, young, youthful, crude,
envious, grassy, gullible, inexperienced, juvenile,
(n) lawn; antonym (adj) experienced.
yetenek 1. capability; synonyms (n) capacity, ability,
aptitude, capableness, competence, faculty, gift,
potency, potential, power, qualification, talent,
aptness, efficiency, endowment; antonyms (n)
inability, failure, incapability, 2. ability; synonyms
(n) hand, cleverness, dexterity, accomplishment,
bent, capability, competency, expertise, flair,
genius, knowledge, might, skill, intelligence,
adroitness; antonym (n) injury, 3. competence;
synonyms (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fitness, craft,
facility, knack, enough, (adj) proficiency; antonym
(n) incompetence, 4. faculty; synonyms (n) staff,
expertness, profession, turn, vocation, calling,
cloth, sense, (adj) ingenuity, parts, talents, 5. talent;
synonyms (n) prowess, forte, quality, (v) donation,
present, 6. power (g, iktidar); synonyms (n)
force, authority, control, energy, agency,
domination, intensity, strength, effectiveness,
effect, command, jurisdiction, (v) influence,
dominion, efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness,
helplessness, weakness, 7. fitness; synonyms (n)
appropriateness, propriety, correspondence,
congruity, appositeness, consistency, expediency,
opportunity, harmony; antonyms (n) unsuitability,
unfitness, 8. capacity (kapasite); synonyms (n)
capacitance, function, dimension, content, measure,
position, quantity, reach, size, job, magnitude,
scope, area, compass, comprehension, 9. gift
(armaan, hediye); synonyms (n) award, dower,
charity, contribution, dowry, grant, benefaction,
bonus, (v) boon, bestow, donate, endow, allowance,
(adj) bounty, generosity.
yetenekli 1. competent; synonyms (adj) able, capable,
incompetent, useless, inept, 2. intelligent (akll);
synonyms (adj) alert, astute, bright, intellectual,
quick-witted, rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant,
canny, gifted, knowing, knowledgeable, quick,
smart; antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dullwitted, thick, slow, stupid, 3. able; synonyms (adj)
competent, dexterous, adroit, consummate, expert,
ingenious, endowed, apt, cute, deft, handy, potent,
powerful, professional, (n) talented; antonyms (adj)
504
Turkish - English
incapable, unable, untrained, weak, 4. talented;

synonyms (adj) proficient, versatile, promising,
intelligent, skilled, artistic, felicitous, qualified,
skillful.
yeteneksiz incapable; synonyms (adj) impotent,
incompetent, inadequate, unable, helpless,
powerless, inept, insufficient, unqualified,
ineffectual, inefficient, unfit, weak; antonyms (adj)
capable, able.
yeter enough; synonyms (adv) rather, plenty, amply,
adequately, satisfaction, fairly, fully, (n) adequacy,
fill, sufficiency, (adj) ample, sufficient, adequate,
competent, decent; antonym (adj) inadequate.
yeterli 1. adequate; synonyms (adj) sufficient,
acceptable, enough, right, condign, effectual,
passable, satisfactory, agreeable, competent,
decent, equal, fair, fit, full; antonyms (adj)
inadequate, insufficient, unsatisfactory, 2. ample
(bol); synonyms (adj) abundant, big, broad,
copious, large, plentiful, affluent, considerable,
heavy, liberal, rich, roomy, sizable, spacious,
voluminous; antonyms (adj) small, meager, scarce,
3. sufficient; synonyms (adj) adequate,
commensurate, proper, good, ample, plenty, due,
comfortable, suitable, respectable, tolerable, 4.
satisfactory; synonyms (adj) presentable, pleasing,
pleasant, reasonable, well, average; antonym (adj)
unacceptable.
yeterlik qualification; synonyms (n) condition,
property.
yetersiz 1. inadequate; synonyms (adj) insufficient,
faulty, defective, deficient, flimsy, poor, feeble,
imperfect, inappropriate, incapable, incompetent,
ineffective, short, improper, impotent; antonyms
(adj) adequate, ample, enough, passable, competent,
reasonable, strong, 2. insufficient; synonyms (adj)
inadequate, scanty, limited, meager, small,
unsatisfactory, few, incommensurate, inefficient,
lacking, scant, sketchy, skimpy, slender, thin;
antonyms (adj) sufficient, plentiful, 3. inefficient;
synonyms (adj) ineffectual, inefficacious, futile,
inactive, inept, unable, unfit, useless, lame;
antonym (adj) efficient, 4. slim (zayflamak);
synonyms (adj) narrow, slight, lean, remote, fine,
skinny, lithe, light, frail, spare, taper, (v) reduce,
slenderize, cut, sly; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, hefty,
plump, stocky, wide, 5. short (bodur, ksa);
synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close,
curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt,
diminutive, pithy, blunt, (adv) abruptly, (v) compact;
antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 6. slender;
synonyms (adj) little, delicate, faint, gaunt, lissom,
slim, exiguous, minute, graceful, lissome, svelte,
tenuous, trim, refined, (v) lank.
yetersizlik 1. disability; synonyms (n) handicap,

inability, disablement, disqualification, drawback,
impairment, incapacity, disadvantage, damage,
deadening, deterioration, deterrent, detriment,
illness, trouble, 2. deficiency (eksiklik);
synonyms (n) defect, dearth, want, absence, deficit,
failing, inadequacy, lack, scarcity, shortcoming,
failure, famine, fault, (adj) blemish, imperfection;
antonyms (n) excess, sufficiency.
yeti faculty; synonyms (n) capacity, aptitude,
capability, endowment, bent, facility, power, staff,
flair, efficiency, aptness, (adj) ability, cleverness,
talent, (v) gift; antonym (n) inability.
yetikin adult; synonyms (adj) big, full-grown,
mature, elder, developed, grown, older, ripe,
responsible, (n) grownup; antonyms (adj) immature,
teenage, (n) adolescent, child, juvenile, teenager,
infant.
yetimek 1. reach (ulamak, uzatmak); synonyms
(v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend,
get, make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass,
stretch, extent, gain, 2. catch (yakalamak);
synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend,
bolt, clasp, grab, pawl, snap; antonym (v) release.
yetitirme 1. growing; synonyms (adj) flourishing,
rising, thriving, blossoming, progressive, swelling,
adolescent, budding, burgeoning, cumulative,
enlarging, (n) development, developing, growth,
(adv) increasing; antonyms (adj) deteriorating,
dwindling, 2. culture (kltr); synonyms (n)
civilization, breeding, cultivation, acculturation,
education, learning, tillage, erudition, courtesy,
enlightenment, farming, instruction, refinement,
agriculture, civilisation.
yetitirmek 1. raise (toplamak, ykseltmek);

augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower,
2. coach; synonyms (n) trainer, tutor, instructor,
teacher, autobus, bus, carriage, charabanc,
stagecoach, cart, (v) train, educate, groom, instruct,
(adj) prime, 3. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race,
variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, (v)
hatch, 4. rear; synonyms (adj) back, after, (n)
posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks,
poop, can, (v) breed, nurture, raise, nurse, edify;
antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front, 5. train (tren);
synonyms (n) chain, string, form, (v) aim, coach,
direct, exercise, trail, tame, discipline, drill,
prepare, school, domesticate, practice, 6. school
(okul); synonyms (n) academy, sect, college, herd,
shoal, swarm, denomination, institution,
schoolhouse, schooling, (v) teach, indoctrinate,
civilise, civilize, (adj) educational.
Turkish - English
yetke authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy,
command, sanction, administration, authorization,
dominance, domination, hold, judge, power,
professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency.
yetki 1. authority; synonyms (n) ascendancy,
command, sanction, administration, authorization,
dominance, domination, hold, judge, power,
professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, 2.
command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n)
direction, authority, claim, demand, (v) charge,
order, call, commission, direct, bid; antonym (v)
request, 3. competence; synonyms (n) capacity,
adequacy, ability, capability, efficiency, sufficiency,
aptitude, expertise, fitness, skill, talent,
competency, craft, dexterity, (adj) proficiency;
antonyms (n) incompetence, inability, 4.
clearance; synonyms (n) clearing, clearage,
disposal, headroom, settlement, acquittance,
license, permit, room, acquittal; antonyms (n)
blockage, retention, 5. power (g, iktidar);
synonyms (n) force, potency, energy, intensity,
strength, effectiveness, effect, gift, jurisdiction,
mightiness, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty,
efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness,
weakness.
yetkili 1. authoritative; synonyms (adj) official,
absolute, authoritarian, authorized, commanding,
imperious, influential, magistral, powerful,
authorised, certain, definitive, dictatorial, (n)
authentic, (v) departmental; antonym (adj) informal,
2. competent; synonyms (adj) able, capable,
incompetent, useless, inept.
yetkililer authorities; synonyms (n) government,
regime, establishment, governance, governing,
politics, regimen.
yetmek cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal,
top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding,
yetmezlik failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n)
growth.
ylmak drift (sapma, srklenme); synonyms (n)
stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing,
design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide,
(adj) flow.
yn 1. mass; synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, heap,
crowd, cluster, pile, bunch, collection, lump,
505
amount, (v) flock, 2. bulk (hacim); synonyms (n)

mass, size, volume, capacity, body, dimension,
extent, quantity, thickness, scale, immensity,
bigness, (v) bulge, pouch, protrude; antonym (n)
minority, 3. stack (ymak); synonyms (n)
mound, rick, bundle, hill, mountain, shock, hoard,
haystack, batch, chimney, sheaf, (v) load, lot, pack,
store, 4. batch; synonyms (n) band, battery, charge,
group, set, suite, consignment, clutch, stack, stock,
wad, 5. lump; synonyms (n) chunk, knot, clod,
hunk, tumor, bit, clump, fragment, knob, lummox,
piece, nub, intumescence, (v) clot, (adj) lout, 6.
collection (koleksiyon, toplama); synonyms (n)
assembly, assortment, gathering, compilation,
variety, aggregation, assembling, collecting,
congregation, corpus, library, parcel, range, series,
(v) assemblage, 7. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle,
swarm, crew, press, circle, army, concourse, gang,
herd, mob, audience, (v) squeeze, compress, cram,
jam; antonym (v) disperse, 8. pile (hav, ty);
synonyms (n) congeries, nap, multitude, fortune,
edifice, down, fur, mint, spile, building, cumulus,
(v) accumulate, amass, throng, cock, 9. hill (tepe);
synonyms (n) height, bank, gradient, ascent,
elevation, acclivity, embankment, grade, hillock,
knoll, rise, slope, hammock, (v) declivity, dip;
antonym (n) vale, 10. heap; synonyms (n) deal,
peck, plenty, pot, raft, sight, slew, stockpile, bus,
jalopy, (v) collect, gather, arrange, fill, lavish, 11.
flock (sr); synonyms (n) bevy, covey, horde,
troop, cloud, drove, shoal, rabble, legion, brood, (v)
assemble, congregate, flood, surge, meet, 12. bank
(banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, limit, bluff,
riverside, inclination, exchequer, verge, bench,
border, camber, cant, depository, (v) deposit, rely;
antonym (v) withdraw, 13. volume (cilt, hacim,
oylum); synonyms (n) book, intensity, loudness,
tome, journal, content, strength, contents,
dimensions, measure, space, work, writing, (adj)
power; antonym (n) quietness, 14. wilderness;
synonyms (n) desert, wild, wasteland, solitude,
wildness, (v) waste.
yiit 1. brave (cesur); synonyms (adj) adventurous,
bold, audacious, courageous, endure, fearless,
hardy, intrepid, valiant, virile, confident, daring,
dauntless, (v) defy, confront; antonyms (adj)
hero (kahraman); synonyms (n) champion,
defender, fighter.
yiitlik exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply,
performance.
yma accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock,
506
Turkish - English

ymak 1. stack (yn); synonyms (n) pile,
hill, mountain, shock, (v) heap, load, lot, pack,
store, 2. pile (hav, ty); synonyms (n) stack,
congeries, collection, hoard, jam, nap, wad, lump,
multitude, fortune, edifice, (v) accumulate, amass,
crowd, throng, 3. mass (yn); synonyms (adj)
block, (n) bulk, cluster, magnitude, majority,
aggregate, amount, assembly, body, knot, volume,
(v) flock, assemble, congregate, swarm, 4. drift
(sapma, srklenme); synonyms (n) stream,
current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design,
gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj)
flow, 5. heap; synonyms (n) group, gathering,
batch, mint, aggregation, assemblage, cumulus,
deal, peck, plenty, (v) bank, collect, gather, arrange,
fill, 6. lump; synonyms (n) chunk, clod, hunk,
tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment, knob, lummox,
piece, nub, intumescence, (v) clot, (adj) lout.
ykama 1. wash (ykamak); synonyms (v) rinse,
paint, bathe, clean, lave, moisten, mop, scour,
scrub, color, tint, lap, (n) soak, ablution, washing;
antonym (v) dirty, 2. washing; synonyms (n)
laundry, wash, laundering, lavation, cleaning,
purification, airstream, backwash, bucking, race,
slipstream, washables, (adj) cleansing, clysmic.
ykamak 1. wash; synonyms (v) rinse, paint, bathe,
clean, lave, moisten, mop, scour, scrub, color, tint,
lap, (n) soak, ablution, washing; antonym (v) dirty,
2. bath (banyo); synonyms (n) wash, bathroom,
tank, bathtub, dip, tub, (v) immersion, affusion,
balneation.
ykanma 1. wash (ykamak); synonyms (v) rinse,
paint, bathe, clean, lave, moisten, mop, scour,
scrub, color, tint, lap, (n) soak, ablution, washing;
antonym (v) dirty, 2. bath (banyo); synonyms (n)
wash, bathroom, tank, bathtub, dip, tub, (v)
immersion, affusion, balneation, 3. washing;
synonyms (n) laundry, laundering, lavation,
cleaning, purification, airstream, backwash,
bucking, race, slipstream, washables, (adj) cleansing,
clysmic.
ykanmak bath (banyo); synonyms (n) wash,
bathroom, tank, bathtub, dip, tub, (v) bathe,
immersion, affusion, balneation, clean.
ykc destructive; synonyms (adj) baneful, deadly,
hurtful, malign, baleful, evil, fatal, harmful,
injurious, mischievous, noxious, pernicious,
deleterious, calamitous, negative; antonyms (adj)
harmless, constructive, creative.
yklma 1. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown,
fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, (v) break, slump,
buckle, crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst,
2. fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)

yklmak 1. fall (dmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v)
ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2.
collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall,
crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst.
ykm 1. disaster; synonyms (n) calamity,
antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy, 2. death
(lm); synonyms (n) demise, end, expiration,
close, exit, cessation, decease, departure,
dissolution, doom, dying, fate, loss, mortality,
passing; antonyms (n) birth, existence, delivery.
yknt debris; synonyms (n) detritus, junk, refuse,
rubbish, trash, waste, garbage, wreck, muck,
remains, ruins, scrap, litter, (adj) rubble.
ykma destruction; synonyms (n) death, collapse,
ruin, abolition, damage, demolition, desolation,
conservation, formation, reparation.
ykmak 1. destroy; synonyms (v) break, demolish,
blight, despoil, annihilate, blast, crush, dash,
destruct, devastate, devour, dismantle, (adj)
desolate, abolish, consume; antonyms (v) build,
preserve, create, make, 2. blast; synonyms (n)
bang, slam, burst, gust, (v) attack, blare, bomb,
boom, detonate, roar, smash, blow, bombard, (adj)
discharge, explosion, 3. level (dzey); synonyms
(n) grade, degree, category, class, (adj) even, equal,
horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, destroy, raze,
angled, unequal, (v) uneven, raise.
Yl year (sene); synonyms (n) twelvemonth, day, age,
time, yr, class, hour, minute, month, quarter,
second, week.
ylan snake; synonyms (n) ophidian, serpent, hydra,
(v) meander, wind, twist, coil, creep, curl, sneak,
weave.
yldrm 1. lightning; synonyms (n) bolt, levin, bolter,
dart, fetter, enlightenment, quarrel, shackle, (v)
lightening, luminary, (adj) wind, 2. bolt; synonyms
(n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble,
latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp,
(adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock.
yldrmak cow (inek); synonyms (v) bully,
discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash.
Turkish - English
507
yldz star; synonyms (n) asterisk, celebrity, ace,
yiyecek 1. food (besin, gda); synonyms (n) board,
principal, headliner, leading, luminary, personality,

champion, idol, lead, world, bigwig, (adj) asteriated,
(v) feature; antonym (n) nobody.
yldnm anniversary; synonyms (n) birthday,
celebration, festival, holiday, anniverse, milestone,
ceremony, feast, festivity, recurrence, (adj) annual.
yllk annual; synonyms (adj) yearly, annuary, (n)
almanac, yearbook, ephemeris, magazine.

nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, 2. fare; synonyms
(n) food, table, charge, menu, victuals, provisions,
rations, schedule, (v) do, come, eat, go, feed,
journey, live, 3. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v)
hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard,
have, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve,
observe, reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v)
dump, lose, 4. feed (beslemek, yemek);
synonyms (v) dine, browse, encourage, nourish,
fatten, consume, feast, fertilize, foster, grub, nurse,
support, corn, (n) provender, meal; antonym (v)
starve.
youn 1. dense; synonyms (adj) compact, thick, close,
crowded, deep, crass, dim, dull, heavy,
firm; antonyms (adj) bright, insightful, loose, clever,
intelligent, readable, simple, sparse, 2. compact;
synonyms (adj) dense, compendious, concise, hard,
summary, (n) agreement, arrangement, contract,
covenant, bargain, engagement, (v) compress,
condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms (adj)
sprawling, bulky, 3. thick (kaln); synonyms (adj)
opaque, slow, stocky, familiar, fat, gross, intimate,
muddy, obtuse, broad, populous, frequent,
chummy, coarse, (n) midst; antonyms (adj) thin,
diluted, fine, slight, transparent.
yine again (bir daha, gene, tekrar, yeniden);

repeatedly, then, also, further, often.
Yinele repeat (tekrarlamak, yinelemek);

rehearse, reiterate, return, double, duplicate,
iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite.
yineleme repetition; synonyms (n) repeat,
gemination, iteration, recurrence, reiteration,
replication, duplication, reduplication, rehearsal,
repeating, return, echo, reappearance, recital,
doubling.
yinelemek repeat (tekrarlamak); synonyms (v)
recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse,
reiterate, return, double, duplicate, iterate, recur,
renew, reproduce, say, cite.
ypranma wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear,
ypranm worn; synonyms (v) decayed, (adj)
haggard, shabby, tired, ragged, tattered,
threadbare, drawn, jaded, exhausted, fatigued,
careworn, decrepit, faded, frayed; antonyms (adj)
fresh, new.
ypratc wearing; synonyms (adj) exhausting, tiring,
tiresome, trying, wearying, demanding, taxing, (n)
wear, eroding, erosion.
yirmi twenty; synonym (adj) twice.
yirminci twentieth; synonym (adj) vigesimal.
yrtk 1. rent; synonyms (n) breach, cleft, fissure,
lease, let, crevice, break, crack, tear, hole, flaw,
fracture, (v) hire, charter, engage, 2. tear;
synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v) rip, pull, rend,
lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave, dash, fly.
yrtlmak tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v)
yrtmak tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v)
yitirmek lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop,
succeed.
younlama concentration (konsantrasyon);

synonyms (n) absorption, concentrate, application,
attention, engrossment, intensity, compactness,
strength, thickness, aggregation, strengthening,
younluk 1. intensity; synonyms (n) force,
forcefulness, depth, volume, fierceness, emphasis,
energy, ferocity, forte, fury, glow, might, passion,
power, (adj) strength; antonyms (n) dullness,
indifference, weakness, 2. density; synonyms (n)
compactness, consistency, concentration,
denseness, stupidity, firmness, solidity,
massiveness, stand, crassitude, frequency, weight,
absorption, assiduity, assiduousness; antonym (n)
looseness, 3. consistency (tutarllk); synonyms
(n) consistence, agreement, body, coherence,
antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy, 4.
concentration (konsantrasyon); synonyms (n)
concentrate, application, attention, engrossment,
intensity, thickness, aggregation, strengthening,
condensation, convergence, diligence, gathering,
immersion, coacervate, coacervation; antonym (n)
distraction.
508
Turkish - English
yok 1. absent; synonyms (adj) off, wanting,

inattentive, absentminded, abstracted, faraway,
lost, missing, nonexistent, out, preoccupied, (adv)
away; antonym (adj) present, 2. no (hayr);
synonyms (n) refusal, rejection, denial, number, nix,
rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adv) nay, (adj) zero,
naught, none, non, nul, 3. lacking; synonyms (adj)
deficient, defective, inadequate, incomplete, absent,
short, destitute, devoid, empty, insufficient, poor,
without, sans, imperfect; antonym (adj) full, 4. not
(deil); synonyms (adv) no, nor, nowise, never, (adj)
shaven, shorn.
yoklama 1. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n)
examination, check, review, surveillance,
exploration, inquiry, scrutiny, search, study,
survey, investigation, observation, oversight, sight,
(v) inspect, 2. examination (muayene);
synonyms (n) audit, exam, test, consideration,
testing, contemplation, analysis, appraisal,
evaluation, inquest, inspection, interview, quiz,
trial, (adj) examen.
yoklamak 1. examine; synonyms (v) assay, audit,
consider, overhaul, try, check, control, search,
survey, ascertain, ask, contemplate, compare,
analyze, canvass, 2. inspect; synonyms (v)
examine, overlook, explore, inquire, look, review,
scrutinize, view, watch, monitor, investigate,
observe, regulate, study, visit, 3. probe (sonda);
synonyms (n) investigation, inquiry, research,
plumb, exploration, hunt, (v) examination, inspect,
fathom, penetrate, question, sound, experiment,
pierce, delve, 4. survey; synonyms (n) poll,
measurement, inspection, digest, observation,
sight, sketch, estimate, assessment, resume, (v)
measure, appraise, prospect, assess, evaluate;
antonym (v) neglect, 5. poll; synonyms (n) election,
head, ballot, vote, crown, pate, capitulum, count, (v)
parrot, pollard, canvas, list, muster, enumerate, jay,
6. search (aramak); synonyms (n) pursuit,
hunting, quest, analysis, chase, lookup, (v) grope,
ransack, rummage, pry, forage, nose, scan, rake,
dig.
yokluk 1. absence; synonyms (n) absenteeism,
dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want,
antonyms (n) presence, attendance, 2. shortage
(ak); synonyms (n) defect, deficit, famine,
insufficiency, need, poverty, scantiness, shortfall,
deprivation, absence; antonyms (n) abundance,
excess, overabundance, surplus, affluence, glut, 3.
lack; synonyms (n) shortcoming, inadequacy,
drought, vacancy, failing, void, weakness, (v)
destitution, fail, fault, demand, failure, require,
desire, indigence; antonyms (n) provision, (v) have,
4. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave,
covet, (n) wish, necessity, penury, privation,
pauperism, requirement, distress, ambition, fancy,

essential, hardship; antonyms (v) dislike, hate.
yoksa 1. or (veya, Ya da); synonyms (conj) otherwise,
(n) operation, surgery, (prep) before, ere, 2.
otherwise; synonyms (adv) else, besides,
differently, other, alias, elsewise, otherways,
diversely, elseways, instead, variously, (adj)
different, 3. else (baka); synonyms (adv) also,
moreover, (n) threat, (pron) another, (adj) more,
further, new, fresh.
yoksaymak ignore; synonyms (v) fail, neglect, cut,
discount, disregard, forget, omit, snub, overrule,
dismiss, overlook, rebuff, shun, disobey, eliminate;
antonyms (v) acknowledge, observe, honor, react.
yoksul poor (fakir, fena, kt); synonyms (adj) bad,
low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil,
piteous, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich,
admirable, good.
yoksulluk 1. poverty; synonyms (n) lack, distress,
indigence, want, deprivation, impoverishment,
pauperism, squalor, necessity, neediness, poorness,
(v) destitution, need, penury, deficiency; antonyms
(n) wealth, riches, 2. need; synonyms (v) claim,
require, involve, exact, have, take, (n) demand,
desire, must, requirement, absence, beggary,
exigency, motive, hardship, 3. want (istemek);
synonyms (v) like, hope, crave, covet, (n) poverty,
wish, famine, dearth, privation, shortage, defect,
ambition, fancy, essential, longing; antonyms (v)
dislike, hate.
yoksunluk deprivation; synonyms (n) bereavement,
privation, cost, loss, need, want, deficiency,
absence, damage, dearth, scarcity, destitution,
disadvantage, distress, hardship.
yoku 1. ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension,
rise, climb, ascending, elevation, hill, incline,
advance, grade, jump, slant, gradient, hike,
inclination; antonyms (n) descent, fall, 2. slope;
synonyms (n) declivity, dip, decline, brae, hillside,
ramp, drop, (v) pitch, cant, lean, bank, tilt, tip,
descend, (adj) obliquity, 3. hill (tepe); synonyms
(n) height, mound, ascent, embankment, hillock,
knoll, pile, slope, hammock, heap, eminence,
hump, bluff, ridge, (v) stack; antonym (n) vale.
yol 1. path; synonyms (n) course, direction, way,
highway, line, orbit, track, lane, means, alley,
avenue, corridor, itinerary, route, (v) passage, 2.
way; synonyms (n) method, path, road, custom,
form, manner, style, fashion, habit, mode, pathway,
approach, bearing, channel, (v) practice, 3. road;
synonyms (n) roadway, street, thoroughfare, walk,
access, artery, trail, range, (adj) traveling, itinerant,
4. route (rota); synonyms (n) circuit, conduit,
journey, run, beat, (v) direct, conduct, guide,
dispatch, send, 5. bus (otobs); synonyms (n)
Turkish - English
automobile, autobus, car, coach, vehicle, busbar,
charabanc, motorbus, omnibus, 6. outlet;
synonyms (n) shop, market, egress, exit, opening,
store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, aperture,
emission, escape, gap, release, 7. access (giri);
synonyms (n) admission, entrance, entry,
admittance, entree, gate, attack, doorway,
entryway, fit, outburst, (v) enter, infiltrate, 8. line
(izgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed,
cable, crease, row, stock, (v) order, 9. course
(yn); synonyms (n) stream, flow, career, current,
class, race, curriculum, heading, layer, (v) chase,
pour, aim, dish, gush, (prep) tide, 10. order

rank, sort, charge, condition, disposition, edict,
injunction, instruction, (v) commission, arrange,
mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 11. method
(yntem); synonyms (n) arrangement, formula,
plan, system, device, organization, procedure,
routine, technique, measure, resource, design, kind,
mechanism, pattern, 12. walk (yrmek,
yry); synonyms (v) ramble, hike, move, roam,
travel, trek, go, promenade, (n) step, gait, pace,
saunter, stroll, excursion, pass, 13. track (iz,
izlemek); synonyms (n) racetrack, lead, racecourse,
rail, rails, (v) trace, hunt, tail, pursue, dog, follow,
footprint, stalk, mark, footstep, 14. street (cadde,
sokak); synonym (n) neighborhood.
yolcu 1. passenger; synonyms (n) traveler, wayfarer,
itinerant, rider, voyager, passer, arrival, passager,
client, drop, excursionist, load, patron, wanderer,
2. traveller, 3. fare; synonyms (n) diet, aliment,
food, board, table, charge, menu, victuals,
provisions, rations, schedule, (v) do, come, eat, go.
yolculuk 1. journey (seyahat); synonyms (n) jaunt,
excursion, expedition, passage, trip, way, course,
flight, outing, pilgrimage, (v) go, travel, cruise, fare,
navigate, 2. travel; synonyms (n) journey, pass,
stroke, tour, voyage, (v) run, proceed, move, roam,
ride, ramble, sail, drive, range, track, 3. voyage;
synonym (n) quest.
yolda 1. companion (arkada); synonyms (n)
colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, comrade,
fellow, partner, assistant, brother, acquaintance,
attendant, (adj) associate, ally, (v) accompany;
antonym (n) enemy, 2. fellow (adam); synonyms
(n) companion, boy, equal, chap, compeer, dude,
dog, counterpart, escort, beau, blighter, boyfriend,
confrere, cuss, (v) concomitant.
yollamak send (gndermek); synonyms (v)
despatch, pass, convey, deliver, dispatch, forward,
give, mail, post, carry, divert, project, beam, cast,
channel.
509
yolmak pull (ekme, ekmek); synonyms (v) drag,

antonyms (v) push, repel.
yolsuz unlawful; synonyms (adj) illegal, illegitimate,
illicit, lawless, prohibited, wrongful, criminal,
improper, unauthorized, irregular, outlaw, unfair,
contraband, crooked, outlawed; antonyms (adj)
lawful, legal, legitimate.
yoluyla by (tarafndan); synonyms (prep) beside, at,
of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through,
apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over.
yn 1. direction; synonyms (n) administration,
conduct, bearing, command, course, guidance,
address, charge, control, instruction, rule, aspect,
aim, counsel, (v) management, 2. course;
synonyms (n) stream, flow, career, current, path,
road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, (v)
run, chase, pour, 3. way (yol); synonyms (n)
passage, custom, direction, form, manner, means,
style, fashion, habit, mode, pathway, approach,
headway, lane, (v) practice, 4. sense (anlam,
duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence,
perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness,
experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, (v)
feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n)
foolishness, gibberish, 5. side (kenar, yan);
synonyms (n) edge, rim, faction, border, brink, face,
part, hand, facet, margin, page, position, wing, (v)
party, (adj) nearby; antonym (adj) distant.
ynelmek 1. tend; synonyms (v) guard, incline, lead,
lean, nurse, attend, contribute, nurture, run, go,
gravitate, nourish, carry, conduce, look; antonym
(v) neglect, 2. front (n); synonyms (adj) head, fore,
audacity, battlefront, (v) face, confront; antonyms
(n) rear, end, (v) back, 3. bear (ay, tamak);
synonyms (v) accept, abide, acquit, stand, take,
afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook,
comport, conduct, convey, digest, 4. trend
(eilim); synonyms (n) fashion, tendency, fad,
inclination, course, direction, disposition, drift,
movement, vogue, (v) style, tend, sheer, turn, verge.
yneltmek 1. direct (dolaysz, ynlendirmek);

request, 2. turn (dnmek, dn); synonyms (v)
revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve,
roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle.
ynerge 1. instruction (talimat); synonyms (n)
charge, command, advice, counsel, direction,
education, guidance, guideline, information,
510
Turkish - English
injunction, prescription, teaching, bidding,

commission, doctrine, 2. directive; synonyms (n)
decree, edict, instruction, order, ruling, rule,
pronouncement, bylaw, law, mandate, (adj)
directing, directional, guiding, 3. direction (yn);
synonyms (n) administration, conduct, bearing,
course, address, control, aspect, aim, lead, care,
dictate, hand, drift, disposal, (v) management.
ynetici 1. manager (mdr); synonyms (n)
director, administrator, coach, executive, head,
leader, boss, chief, controller, governor, handler,
superintendent, superior, supervisor, ruler;
antonym (n) underling, 2. administrator;
synonyms (n) manager, officer, official, principal, 3.
director (mdr); synonyms (n) commander,
chairman, guide, master, captain, inspector,
instructor, overseer, pilot, trainer, (v) conductor,
direct, 4. ruler (cetvel); synonyms (n) monarch,
dynast, prince, sheik, sovereign, government,
regulation, (adj) rule, regent, 5. superintendent;
synonyms (n) custodian, keeper, caretaker,
guardian, super, steward, janitor, examiner,
surveyor, warden, (adj) curator, 6. governor
(patron, vali); synonyms (n) regulator, protector.
ynetim 1. management (idare); synonyms (n)
administration, conduct, guidance, command,
control, direction, government, handling,
leadership, charge, treatment, behavior, steerage,
(v) manage, (adj) executive, 2. administration
(hkmet); synonyms (n) management,
organization, running, power, execution, reign,
rule, supervision, department, application,
incumbency, ministry, authority, disposal,
governance, 3. government (hkmet);
synonyms (n) dominion, cabinet, authorities,
governing, politics, regime, dominance,
establishment, regimen, regulation, sway,
adjustment, (adj) empire, public, national, 4.
direction (yn); synonyms (n) bearing, course,
address, instruction, aspect, aim, counsel, lead,
order, prescription, care, dictate, hand, drift,
bidding.
ynetimsel managerial; synonyms (adj) executive,
administrative, professional, clerical,
governmental, office, organizational, secretarial.
ynetme 1. government (hkmet, ynetim);

synonyms (n) administration, authority, control,
direction, command, dominion, governance,
cabinet, authorities, governing, guidance, (adj)
empire, rule, (v) conduct, management, 2.
conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, manage,
demeanor, lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct,
administer, carriage, acquit, bearing, carry,
comport, show.
ynetmek 1. command (komut, kumanda);

synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding,
decree, direction, administration, ascendancy,
authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission,

direct; antonym (v) request, 2. conduct; synonyms
(n) behavior, manage, demeanor, lead,
performance, (v) act, bring, administer, carriage,
acquit, bearing, carry, comport, show, accompany,
3. direct (dolaysz, ynlendirmek); synonyms
(adj) straight, blunt, immediate, transparent, (v) aim,
channel, conduct, address, dictate, head, guide,
level, point, bend, (n) command; antonyms (adj)
indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, secondhand, sideways, unplanned, 4. lead; synonyms (v)
contribute, chair, conduce, go, govern, convey,
give, dispose, run, take, (n) clue, advantage, hint,
leash, (adj) front; antonym (v) follow, 5. rule
(kural); synonyms (n) dominion, law, ordinance,
principle, regulate, reign, government, line,
precept, regulation, sway, code, (v) influence,
dominate, measure, 6. captain (kaptan);
synonyms (n) chief, leader, master, boss, chieftain,
commander, commodore, officer, pilot, skipper,
ruler, 7. manage; synonyms (v) do, accomplish,
arrange, cope, deal, handle, work, maintain,
behave, achieve, administrate, care, contrive, get,
treat, 8. boss (patron); synonyms (n) governor,
overseer, superior, administrator, captain, director,
executive, foreman, manager, principal, stud,
superintendent, supervisor, elder, (v) emboss, 9.
head (ba, kafa); synonyms (n) foam, froth,
crown, brain, end, forefront, heading, mind,
president, top, bow, climax, (adj) foremost, great, (v)
capital; antonym (n) subordinate.
ynetmelik regulations; synonyms (n) policy,
system, convention.
ynetmen 1. director (mdr, ynetici); synonyms
(n) commander, manager, administrator, boss,
chief, superintendent, chairman, coach, controller,
guide, head, leader, master, principal, (v)
conductor, 2. manager (mdr, ynetici);
synonyms (n) director, executive, governor,
handler, superior, supervisor, ruler, entrepreneur,
inspector, officer, owner, trainer; antonym (n)
underling, 3. administrator (ynetici); synonym
(n) official.
yney vector (vektr); synonyms (n) direction,
bearing, course, sender, transmitter, vehicle.
yonga chip; synonyms (n) splinter, bit, flake,
chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part, scrap,
shaving, check, (v) crack, cut, nick, peel.
Ynlendirme orientation; synonyms (n) bearing,
direction, adjustment, course, introduction,
instruction, druthers, information, initiation,
predilection, preference, temper, training,
assimilation, coordination.
ynlendirmek 1. direct (dolaysz); synonyms (adj)
straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel,
Turkish - English
second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request, 2.

shape (biim, ekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold,
figure, pattern, build, condition, configuration, (v)
form, fashion, model, mould, determine, make,
adjust, carve.
yntem 1. method; synonyms (n) course, fashion,
form, approach, arrangement, custom, formula,
manner, order, plan, system, way, device, means,
mode; antonym (n) disorder, 2. methodology
(yntembilim); synonyms (n) method, attitude,
line, organization, slant, style, tactic, 3. process
(sre); synonyms (n) operation, proceeding,
procedure, act, outgrowth, practice, writ, (v) action,
function, refine, litigate, treat, work, parade,
cultivate, 4. form (biim, form); synonyms (n)
figure, design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class,
conformation, (v) cast, make, build, constitute,
establish, carve, construct, create, 5. technique;
synonyms (n) skill, process, knack, proficiency.
yntembilim methodology; synonyms (n) method,
attitude, line, organization, slant, style, system,
tactic.
yontmak chip (yonga); synonyms (n) splinter, bit,
flake, chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part,
scrap, shaving, check, (v) crack, cut, nick, peel.
yontu statue (heykel); synonyms (n) image, figure,
monument, statuette, effigy, bust, icon, picture,
model, statua, deity, doll, dummy, imitation.
yordam 1. routine; synonyms (n) round, habit,
method, procedure, process, act, custom, (adj)
everyday, ordinary, regular, common, customary,
habitual, mundane, normal; antonym (adj) unusual,
2. procedure; synonyms (n) formula, practice,
routine, fashion, approach, rule, action, measure,
course, function, operation, performance, plan,
policy, proceeding.
yre 1. zone (blge); synonyms (n) area, district,
region, section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer,
division, 2. region (blge); synonyms (n) land,
country, field, domain, part, range, department,
expanse, ground, place, dominion, demesne,
direction, extent, position.
yresel local (yerel); synonyms (adj) native, sectional,
topical, home, indigenous, municipal, nearby, civic,
universal, worldwide.
yorgun 1. weary; synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted,
fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v)
fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade;
antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, 2. tired; synonyms
(adj) hackneyed, weary, banal, commonplace, stale,
threadbare, trite, haggard, jaded, stock, worn,
511
drowsy, sick, whacked, corny; antonyms (adj)

invigorated, alert, refreshed, original, strong.
yorgunluk 1. fatigue (bitkinlik); synonyms (n)
exhaustion, tiredness, weariness, lethargy, (v)
exhaust, tire, weary, bore, enervate, fag, harass,
jade, wear, drain, (adj) flag; antonyms (n) energy, (v)
refresh, 2. exhaustion; synonyms (n) fatigue,
consumption, enervation, lassitude, weakening,
expenditure, debilitation, enfeeblement, (adj)
collapse, prostration, apoplexy, deliquium.
yormak 1. fatigue (bitkinlik); synonyms (n)
exhaustion, tiredness, weariness, lethargy, (v)
exhaust, tire, weary, bore, enervate, fag, harass,
jade, wear, drain, (adj) flag; antonyms (n) energy, (v)
refresh, 2. weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired,
irksome, wearisome, spent, jaded, (v) fatigue, dull,
irk, depress, pall; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, 3.
tax (vergi); synonyms (n) charge, duty, burden,
excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess, task,
accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain.
yortu feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner,
entertain; antonym (v) fast.
yorucu 1. wearing; synonyms (adj) exhausting, tiring,
tiresome, trying, wearying, demanding, taxing, (n)
wear, eroding, erosion, 2. weary (yorgun);
synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary,
beat, languid, irksome, wearisome, (v) fatigue, tire,
exhaust, bore, dull, irk, (n) jade; antonyms (adj)
energetic, fresh.
yorulmak weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired,
yorum 1. interpretation; synonyms (n) version,
construction, explanation, exposition, clarification,
commentary, illustration, definition, interpreting,
translation, analysis, description, performance,
reading, understanding, 2. comment; synonyms
(n) annotation, critique, note, censure, criticism,
mention, observation, reflection, animadversion,
account, (v) annotate, remark, gloss, notice,
discourse, 3. commentary; synonyms (n)
comment, article, footnote, review, 4. explanation
(aklama); synonyms (n) excuse, interpretation,
apology, basis, elucidation, explication, meaning,
narration, reason, cause; antonym (n) mystery, 5.
reading (okuma); synonyms (n) recital, learning,
lection, study, erudition, lore, presentation,
recitation, scholarship, light, (v) read, 6. version
(eviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n) rendering,
rendition, variation, variant, report, story,
paraphrase, adaptation, form, sketch, summary,
transformation.
512
Turkish - English
yorumlamak 1. interpret; synonyms (v) clarify,
yukarda 1. above; synonyms (prep) on, past,
construe, elucidate, illustrate, read, understand,

comment, gloss, decipher, explain, explicate,
render, depict, illuminate, consider, 2. read
(okumak); synonyms (v) interpret, gather,
indicate, learn, perceive, say, demonstrate,
comprehend, display, examine, peruse, record,
register, scan, show.
yrnge orbit; synonyms (n) circle, cycle, field, orb,
area, compass, domain, turn, expanse, course,
ambit, circuit, range, reach, realm.
yozlatrma corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n)
incorruptness.
yce 1. supreme; synonyms (adj) dominant,
maximum, paramount, head, chief, sovereign,
consummate, extreme, preeminent, principal,
superlative, uppermost, main, prime, (n) utmost;
antonym (adj) minor, 2. noble (asil); synonyms
(adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent, glorious,
distinguished, elevated, exalted, generous, high,
impressive, majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent,
(v) great; antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish,
shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, 3. high
(yksek); synonyms (adj) eminent, expensive,
lofty, tall, heavy, arrogant, costly, dear, shrill,
strong, drunk, (v) bad, fusty, rancid, steep;
antonyms (adj) deep, short, sober, (n) low.
yk 1. load (yklemek); synonyms (n) charge, cargo,
freight, stack, heap, pack, weight, consignment,
lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill, encumber, pile,
lade; antonym (v) unload, 2. cargo; synonyms (n)
loading, wares, freightage, goods, haul,
merchandise, payload, (adj) load, bushel, 3. freight
(navlun); synonyms (v) carry, ship, 4. burden;
synonyms (n) anxiety, strain, bale, care, concern,
core, encumbrance, essence, gist, (v) bother,
burthen, clog, trouble, afflict, force; antonyms (v)
relieve, unburden, 5. charge; synonyms (n)
accusation, command, commission, bill, tax,
accusal, assail, demand, (v) accuse, blame, attack,
bid, arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request,
absolve, retreat, 6. weight (arlk); synonyms (n)
consequence, heaviness, importance, pressure,
significance, stress, ballast, bias, import, influence,
moment, emphasis, avoirdupois, validity, (v)
gravity; antonym (n) triviality, 7. tax (vergi);
synonyms (n) duty, excise, dues, impost, taxation,
toll, imposition, fee, (v) assess, task, impose, cess,
levy, drain, appraise.
Yukar up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward, upwardly,
upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost, advance,
effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) over, uphill,
cheerful; antonym (adj) asleep.
surpassing, (adv) over, beyond, aloft, supra, up,

more, overhead, (adj) preceding, former, upper,
foregoing, previous; antonym (prep) below, 2. up;
synonyms (adv) upward, upwardly, upwards, (v)
raise, mount, rise, boost, advance, effervescent,
filling, frothy, (adj) uphill, cheerful, happy,
improving; antonym (adj) asleep, 3. upstairs;
synonyms (n) administration, authority, board,
eternity, executive, floor, head, heaven, paradise,
(adj) upstair; antonym (adv) downstairs.
yukarya 1. up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward,
upwardly, upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost,
advance, effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) over,
uphill, cheerful; antonym (adj) asleep, 2. upstairs;
synonyms (n) administration, authority, board,
eternity, executive, floor, head, heaven, paradise,
(adj) upstair; antonym (adv) downstairs.
ykleme 1. imposition; synonyms (n) deception,
exaction, cheat, deceit, imposture, trick, demand,
hoax, delusion, fraud, infliction, swindle, tax, wile,
enforcement, 2. charging; synonyms (n) decree,
blocking.
yklemek 1. load (yk); synonyms (n) charge, cargo,
freight, stack, heap, pack, weight, consignment,
lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill, encumber, pile,
lade; antonym (v) unload, 2. charge; synonyms (n)
accusation, care, command, commission, bill, tax,
arraign, assault; antonyms (v) request, absolve,
retreat, 3. burden; synonyms (n) anxiety, strain,
bale, concern, core, encumbrance, essence, gist, (v)
bother, burthen, clog, trouble, afflict, force,
handicap; antonyms (v) relieve, unburden, 4.
install (kurmak); synonyms (v) establish, fix,
inaugurate, appoint, erect, crown, induct, instal,
invest, lodge, place, plant, post, put, quarter;
antonym (v) overthrow, 5. lay; synonyms (v) set,
deposit, install, lie, rest, bear, allay, arrange, bet,
impose, impute, (adj) secular, calm, (n) ballad, pitch,
6. saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v)
lumber, 7. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn,
yklenici contractor (mteahhit); synonyms (n)
builder, entrepreneur, party, undertaker, affirmer,
asserter, avower, dealer, declarer, outworker,
broker, freelancer, merchant, seller.
yklenmek 1. undertake; synonyms (v) attempt, try,
seek, 2. shoulder (banket, omuz); synonyms (n)
elbow, back, scale, serif, shank, (v) bear, carry,
push, hold, jostle, support, sustain, shove, thrust,
undertake.
Turkish - English
ykl 1. loaded; synonyms (adj) laden, full,
burdened, flush, moneyed, wealthy, affluent, rich,
tight, tipsy, intoxicated, heavy, pixilated, plastered,
soused; antonym (adj) poor, 2. charged; synonyms
(adj) fraught, loaded, aerated, replete, abounding,
deferred, electric, excited, explosive, invigorating,
pregnant, supercharged, freighted, meaningful,
oxygenated.
yklk cupboard; synonyms (n) closet, cabinet,
buffet, commode, compartment, cranny, cub, nook,
clothespress, cubicle.
yksek 1. high; synonyms (adj) eminent, elevated,
great, expensive, distinguished, exalted, lofty, tall,
heavy, arrogant, costly, dear, (v) bad, fusty, rancid;
antonyms (adj) deep, short, sober, (n) low, 2. loud;
synonyms (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant,
boisterous, brassy, forte, high, brazen, jazzy,
clamorous, colorful, flash, meretricious, (adv) aloud;
antonyms (adj) soft, gentle, quiet, tasteful, subdued,
subtle, 3. tall (uzun); synonyms (adj) big, lanky,
towering, unbelievable, strapping, long,
exaggerated, gangling, grandiloquent,
magniloquent; antonym (adj) small, 4. noble (asil);
synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent,
glorious, generous, impressive, majestic, patrician,
famous, aristocratic, elegant, gallant, (n) grand,
excellent, aristocrat; antonyms (adj) lower-class,
selfish, shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly.
ykseklik height (doruk, zirve); synonyms (n)
acme, apex, altitude, crest, culmination, peak,
pinnacle, top, climax, degree, elevation, eminence,
grade, high, level; antonym (n) shortness.
ykselen rising; synonyms (adj) climbing, uphill,
emergent, (n) ascending, mutiny, rebellion, revolt,
ascension, ascent, climb, insurrection, outbreak,
rise, advance, (adv) increasing; antonyms (adj)
plummeting, decreasing, plunging.
ykseli rise (ykselmek); synonyms (n) elevation,
lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising,
advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase,
heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall,
decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire.
ykselme 1. promotion; synonyms (n) furtherance,
advance, advancement, advertising, boost,
encouragement, hype, preferment, progress,
advertisement, cultivation, exaltation, forwarding,
publicity, support; antonyms (n) demotion, neglect,
2. advancement (ilerleme, terfi); synonyms (n)
promotion, upgrade, growth, development,
elevation, improvement, progression, profit,
betterment, gain, headway, movement, raise, rise,
upgrading, 3. ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity,
ascension, climb, ascending, hill, incline, grade,
jump, slant, gradient, hike, inclination, pitch, rising,
slope; antonyms (n) descent, fall, 4. rise
(ykselmek); synonyms (n) lift, ascent, swell,
513
raising, revolt, (v) mount, ascend, increase, heave,

arise, grow, originate, rear, surge, loom; antonyms
(n) reduction, (v) decrease, drop, sink, descend,
plummet, retire.
ykselmek 1. rise; synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent,
progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v)
climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump;
antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop,
sink, descend, plummet, retire, 2. climb
(trmanmak); synonyms (v) clamber, escalate,
scale, scramble, bestride, fly, (n) rise, acclivity,
advance, ascending, ascension, climbing, hike,
mounting, upgrade, 3. arise; synonyms (v) appear,
emerge, issue, originate, proceed, result, awake,
commence, develop, emanate, ensue, follow, grow,
happen, occur.
ykseltme 1. lift (asansr, kaldrmak); synonyms
(n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise,
elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer,
pinch, rear, 2. promotion; synonyms (n)
furtherance, advancement, advertising,
encouragement, hype, preferment, progress,
advertisement, cultivation, exaltation, forwarding,
publicity, support, advocacy, improvement;
antonyms (n) demotion, neglect.
ykseltmek 1. raise (toplamak); synonyms (v)
boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate,
enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment,
cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower, 2.
promote; synonyms (v) encourage, help, aid,
advertise, develop, forward, push, assist, dignify,
exalt, improve, plug, raise, arouse, (adv) further;
antonyms (v) demote, discourage, 3. up; synonyms
(adv) aloft, upward, upwardly, upwards, (v) mount,
rise, effervescent, filling, frothy, mousseux, (adj)
over, uphill, cheerful, happy, improving; antonym
(adj) asleep, 4. boost; synonyms (n) jump,
encouragement, progress, shove, boom, (v) amplify,
hike, thrust, bolster, enlarge, gain, inflate, support,
accelerate, invigorate; antonyms (n)
disappointment, (v) decrease, knock, drop,
undermine, 5. lift (asansr, kaldrmak);
synonyms (n) elevator, heave, climb, ascent, (v)
filch, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, steal, swipe,
heighten, annul, arise, carry, 6. increase
(artrmak, art); synonyms (n) addition,
augmentation, expansion, extension, growth,
accretion, development, enlargement, (v) accrue,
extend, aggrandize, expand, deepen, accumulate,
benefit; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction,
decline, (v) reduce, diminish, deteriorate.
ykml liable; synonyms (adj) amenable,
accountable, answerable, apt, disposed, exposed,
inclined, responsible, likely, subject, culpable,
vulnerable, given, obnoxious, susceptible; antonym
(adj) exempt.
514
Turkish - English
ykmllk obligation; synonyms (n) debt, bond,

covenant, job, compulsion; antonym (n) option.
yumru lump; synonyms (n) heap, chunk, knot, block,
clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment,
knob, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout.
yumruk 1. fist; synonyms (n) hand, grip, index, (v)
finger, paw, neaf, neif, wrist, 2. buffet (bfe);
synonyms (n) blow, canteen, restaurant, impact, (v)
beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit, knock, punch, smack,
belabor, strike, thump, 3. punch (delgi);
synonyms (n) jab, drill, die, wallop, dig, nudge, (v)
poke, prick, perforate, stab, thrust, puncture, push,
slap, bore.
yumruklamak punch (delgi); synonyms (n) jab,
drill, cuff, die, wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke,
hit, prick, beat, perforate, stab, thrust.
yumruklamak box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket,
cage, chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case,
container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat,
fight; antonym (v) unbox.
yumurta egg; synonyms (n) ball, rudiment, eggs, nut,
testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock, bud, embryo,
nucleus, addict, baseball, beginning.
yumurtlamak lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set,
(adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch.
yumuak 1. smooth (dz, dzgn); synonyms (adj)
wrinkle, 2. soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, light, limp,
balmy, delicate, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby,
flaccid, frail, lenient, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj)
hard, firm, loud, hoarse, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill,
strong, 3. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate,
fond, mild, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n) offer,
bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hardhearted,
rubbery, 4. floppy; synonyms (adj) drooping,
baggy, droopy, (n) diskette; antonym (adj) taut, 5.
flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, illumination,
dawn, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite,
dismount, illuminate; antonyms (adj) fattening,
(v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 6. gentle;
synonyms (adj) friendly, affable, kind, tame,
amiable, benign, bland, docile, fine, kindly, nice,
tender, elegant, dainty, (n) benevolent; antonyms
(adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, violent, abrupt, sarcastic,
sheer, steep.
yumuamak 1. moderate (lml); synonyms (adj)

relax; synonyms (v) loose, give, lounge, unbend,
melt, debilitate, relieve, remit, rest, slack, soften,
unbrace, (n) loosen, release, (adj) relent; antonyms
(v) tighten, tense.
yumuatma relaxation (geveme); synonyms (n)
ease, diversion, amusement, pastime,
entertainment, recreation, rest, leisure, comfort,
quiet, remission, repose, respite, peace, hobby.
yumuatmak 1. moderate (lml); synonyms (adj)
season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell,
(prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow,
habituate.
yn wool; synonyms (n) fleece, fur, coat, hair, woolen,
woollen, yarn, fiber, pelt, sheepskin, strand, string,
thread, hide, mane.
yunus dolphin; synonyms (n) dolphinfish, mahimahi,
trident, pale.
yrek heart (kalp); synonyms (n) core, center, spirit,
affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux,
antonym (n) edge.
yreklendirmek encourage; synonyms (v) cheer,
abet, advance, aid, back, boost, comfort, foster,
further, promote, urge, advocate, cherish, advise,
animate; antonyms (v) discourage, dishearten,
prevent, deter, hurt, obstruct, stop.
yreklilik courage (cesaret); synonyms (n) bravery,
audacity, fortitude, backbone, boldness, gallantry,
heroism, mettle, nerve, spirit, valor, chivalry,
manhood, courageousness, determination;
antonym (n) cowardice.
yurt 1. home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode,
asylum, (adj) domestic, 2. country (lke);
synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area,
commonwealth, kingdom, realm, region, soil,
territory, district, (adj) rural, rustic, public;
antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban.
yurtta citizen; synonyms (n) civilian, denizen,
inhabitant, national, resident, native, subject, voter;
antonym (n) foreigner.
yrme 1. walking; synonyms (v) careless, current,
excelling, passant, surpassing, (adj) moving, active,
ambulant, ambulative, gradient, (n) walk, traveling,
paseo, pass, (adv) afoot, 2. walk (yrmek,
yry); synonyms (v) ramble, course, hike,
Turkish - English
move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait, pace,
path, saunter, stroll, excursion.
yrmek 1. walk (yry); synonyms (v) ramble,
course, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step,
gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, 2. step
(adm, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure,
stage, walk, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint,
footstep, stride, advance, phase, (v) proceeding,
tread.
yrrlk operation (ameliyat, operasyon);

job.
yrrlkteki current (akm, cari, geerli);

(prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, oldfashioned, previous.
yrtme 1. executive; synonyms (n) administrator,
manager, director, administration, boss, officer,
official, supervisor, commissioner, governor, head,
management, (adj) administrative, managerial, (v)
authoritative, 2. execution; synonyms (n)
performance, accomplishment, achievement, effect,
enforcement, implementation, action, discharge,
executing, doing, effectuation, completion, murder,
act, end.
yrtmek 1. collar (yaka); synonyms (n) arrest,
choker, pinch, ruff, chaplet, flange, (v) catch,
apprehend, capture, clutch, grab, nail, cop, get,
grasp, 2. enforce; synonyms (v) coerce, compel,
constrain, apply, drive, execute, implement,
impose, dispense, effect, impress, accomplish,
enjoin, (n) force, assert, 3. lift (asansr,
kaldrmak); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave,
(v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, filch, hike,
advance, airlift, pilfer, rear, steal, 4. walk
(yrmek, yry); synonyms (v) ramble,
course, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait,
pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, pass.
yrtc executive; synonyms (n) administrator,
manager, director, administration, boss, officer,
official, supervisor, commissioner, governor, head,
management, (adj) administrative, managerial, (v)
authoritative.
yry 1. walk (yrmek); synonyms (v) ramble,
course, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step,
gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, 2. pace
(adm); synonyms (n) walk, rate, footstep, rapidity,
speed, tempo, tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat,
cadence, carriage, footfall, (v) stride; antonym (n)
slowness, 3. walking (yrme); synonyms (v)
careless, current, excelling, passant, surpassing, (adj)
moving, active, ambulant, ambulative, gradient,
wayfaring, (n) traveling, paseo, pass, (adv) afoot.
515
yutmak 1. absorb (emmek); synonyms (v) consume,

suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, fascinate,
ingest, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) bore, emit, 2.
buy (almak, satn almak); synonyms (v) acquire,
bribe, take, shop, accept, believe, get, admit, attain,
corrupt, hold, (n) bargain, purchase, acquisition,
deal; antonym (v) sell.
yuva 1. nest; synonyms (n) den, lair, hole, burrow,
home, herd, (v) nestle, (adj) brood, hive, litter, 2.
dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor,
cut, pare, curtail, deprive; antonym (v) undock, 3.
socket; synonyms (n) cavity, alveolus, sleeve,
hollow, pocket, slot, recess, sheath, compass,
employment, fitment, fob, overshot, pouch,
province, 4. home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside,
abode, domicile, house, base, building, dwelling,
family, habitation, household, place, residence,
shelter, asylum, (adj) domestic, 5. slot; synonyms
(n) groove, notch, gap, opening, position, aperture,
split, section, class, nick, partition, spot, track, (v)
slit, rank.
yuvar sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area,
domain, province, realm, ball, circle, department,
globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field.
Yuvarlak 1. round; synonyms (adv) about, around,
(adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n)
circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, (v) compass, turn,
gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 2. circular;
synonyms (adj) round, annular, circinate, globular,
orbicular, rotund, rounded, spherical, (n)
advertisement, bill, handbill, brochure, publication,
bulletin, flier; antonym (adj) square.
yuvarlaklatrmak round (Yuvarlak); synonyms
(adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire,
chubby, complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit,
(v) compass, turn, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp.
yuvarlamak 1. roll; synonyms (n) list, revolution,
enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow, 2.
round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around,
(adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n)
circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, cycle, (v) compass,
gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 3. bowl;
synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container, hollow,
stadium, arena, depression, bowlful, trough, (v)
hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle.
yuvarlanma 1. rolling; synonyms (adj) resounding,
rolled, tumbling, billowing, billowy, resonant,
resonating, reverberating, reverberative, (n) roll,
peal, curling, wheeling, crimping, pealing, 2. roll
yz 1. hundred; synonyms (n) century, cent, centred,
lathe, riding, soke, tithing, carbon, cocain, cocaine,
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Turkish - English
coke, coulomb, snow, (adj) centigrade, 2. face

(ehre, surat); synonyms (n) look, aspect,
3. front (n); synonyms (adj) head, fore, anterior,
preceding, forward, (n) forefront, disguise,
frontage, brow, battlefront, cover, forepart, (v) face,
breast, impudence; antonyms (n) rear, end.
yzba captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) chief, head,
leader, master, boss, chieftain, commander,
commodore, guide, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v)
govern, manage.
yzde 1. percent; synonyms (n) percentage, pct, part,
portion, share, 2. percentage; synonyms (n) cut,
lot, percent, piece, proportion, ration, interest,
profit, degree, measure, poundage, quantity, quota,
rate, agio.
yzdelik percentage; synonyms (n) part, share, cut,
lot, percent, piece, portion, proportion, ration,
interest, profit, degree, measure, poundage,
quantity.
yzdrmek swim (yzmek); synonyms (v) float,
hover, drift, spin, plane, spire, (n) dip, swimming,
(adj) rise.
yzey 1. surface; synonyms (n) level, face, outside,
superficies, facet, grain, side, (v) appear, emerge,
coat, rise, (adj) exterior, external, shallow,
superficial; antonyms (n) core, inside, interior,
middle, 2. level (dzey); synonyms (n) grade,
degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten,
floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze,
angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise.
yzeysel 1. superficial; synonyms (adj) cursory,
shallow, external, sketchy, slight, apparent,
exterior, frivolous, outward, surface, outer, flimsy,
empty, facile, ostensible; antonyms (adj) deep,
innate, real, thorough, profound, inner, permanent,
2. shallow; synonyms (adj) shoal, superficial, low,
petty, little, simple, dull, mean, airy, ignorant,
plain, thin, trifling, (n) flat, silly; antonym (adj)
bottomless.
yzletirmek confront; synonyms (v) face, front,
oppose, challenge, approach, brave, defy, collate,
affront, play, compare, dare, encounter, meet,
resist; antonyms (v) avoid, evade.
yzme 1. swimming; synonyms (adj) vertigo, liquid,
naiant, natatorial, aquatic, dizzy, dripping, flowing,
fluent, fluid, giddy, light, (n) swim, natation, (v)
dizziness, 2. swim (yzmek); synonyms (v) float,
hover, drift, spin, plane, spire, (n) dip, swimming,
(adj) rise.
yzmek swim; synonyms (v) float, hover, drift, spin,
plane, spire, (n) dip, swimming, (adj) rise.
yzlm area (alan); synonyms (n) place, region,

size, width, expanse, field, neighborhood, section,
sphere, breadth, compass, district, domain, extent,
land.
yzszlk 1. cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) audacity,
disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect, 2.
nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) cheek, courage,
fortitude, heart, mettle, prowess, assurance,
backbone, brace, gallantry, grit, guts, muscle,
pluck, spirit; antonym (n) cowardice.
yzclk swimming (yzme); synonyms (adj)
vertigo, liquid, naiant, natatorial, aquatic, dizzy,
dripping, flowing, fluent, fluid, giddy, light, (n)
swim, natation, (v) dizziness.
yzk ring (halka); synonyms (n) encircle, band,
gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle,
call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird.
yzkoyun prone; synonyms (adj) liable, apt,
disposed, inclined, flat, predisposed, subject, likely,
procumbent, prostrate, susceptible, supine, given,
ready, exposed; antonym (adj) upright.
yznden 1. for (nk, iin); synonyms (prep)
because, behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj)
hence, 2. through (iinden); synonyms (prep) for,
along, throughout, (adv) thorough, via, (adj) finished,
done, direct, straight, completed, complete, (prf)
past.
yzyl century (asr); synonyms (n) age, centenary,
hundred, centred, millennium, carbon, hecatomb,
life, cocain, cocaine, coke, coulomb, lifetime,
seniority, snow.
leri next (sonraki); synonyms (adj) later, nearest,

adjacent, contiguous, following, subsequent,
future, coming, ensuing, after, close, near,
adjoining, (adv) afterward, then; antonyms (adj)
distant, outgoing, (adv) previous, preceding,
previously.
ptal cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek);

antonym (v) validate.
Z
zaaf 1. disability (yetersizlik); synonyms (n)
Turkish - English
detriment, illness, trouble, 2. weakness;
synonyms (n) debility, defect, failing, fault,
deficiency, feebleness, fragility, imperfection, flaw,
frailty, inadequacy, blemish, predilection, (adj)
infirmity, foible; antonyms (n) strength, power,
dislike, advantage, brightness, determination,
intensity, supremacy.
zafer 1. victory; synonyms (n) triumph, conquest,
success, mastery, subjugation, superiority,
achievement, expugnation, feat; antonyms (n)
defeat, beating, failure, loss, 2. conquest;
synonyms (n) victory, conquering, reduction, coup,
rout, occupation, overthrow, subjection, win;
antonym (n) surrender, 3. triumph; synonyms (n)
glory, exultation, accomplishment, celebration, hit,
(v) exult, prevail, crow, joy, rejoice, succeed, gloat,
conquer, delight, revel; antonyms (n) sorrow, (v)
fail, lose, 4. win (kazanmak); synonyms (v)
acquire, gain, get, attain, obtain, achieve, earn,
secure, take, carry, vanquish, procure, reach, score,
make.
zahmet 1. bother; synonyms (v) trouble, annoy,
torment, vex, worry, afflict, aggravate, (n) fuss,
plague, bore, hassle, pain, ado, annoyance, concern;
antonyms (v) delight, please, soothe, (n) pleasure, 2.
trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, anxiety,
difficulty, care, harass, hardship, (v) inconvenience,
disorder, disquiet, agitate, burden, distract, disturb,
(adj) affliction; antonym (v) calm, 3. pains;
synonyms (n) toil, effort, labor, nisus, exertion,
strain, striving, struggle, duty.
zahmetli trying; synonyms (adj) difficult, arduous,
hard, taxing, annoying, bothersome, demanding,
rugged, severe, thorny, tiresome, tough, painful,
troublesome, irritating; antonyms (adj) easy,
rewarding.
zahmetsiz 1. easy (kolay); synonyms (adj)
comfortable, convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful,
lenient, light, clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy,
cushy, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult,
arduous, demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome,
testing, uneasy, 2. cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj)
inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum,
cheesy, economical, flashy, mean, niggardly,
reasonable, shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj)
expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate,
luxurious.
zalim 1. cruel (gaddar); synonyms (adj) barbarous,
brutal, hard, harsh, heartless, unkind, bitter,
bloody, atrocious, biting, fierce, inhuman,
merciless, ruthless, savage; antonyms (adj) gentle,
kind, merciful, humane, liberal, sympathetic, 2.
hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult,
517
rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, simple, soggy,

tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly.
zam raise (toplamak, ykseltmek); synonyms (v)
boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate,
enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment,
cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower.
zaman 1. time (saat, sre); synonyms (n) hour,
moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure,
season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space,
tempo; antonym (n) death, 2. date (tarih);
synonyms (n) appointment, assignation,
engagement, meeting, time, year, boyfriend, (v)
escort, determine, register, accompany, court, see,
3. day (gn, gndz); synonyms (n) light,
daylight, generation, daytime, crisis; antonyms (n)
nighttime, night, 4. season; synonyms (n)
opportunity, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow,
flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, spice, temper,
sauce, (adj) harden, habituate, 5. hour (saat);
synonyms (n) hr, nonce, minute, lifetime, month,
quarter, quinquennium, week, alarm, amazement,
arcminute, astonishment, bit, convenience, second,
6. while; synonyms (conj) as, whereas, although,
though, (n) piece, (prep) during, (adv) when, whilst,
because.
zamanlama timing; synonyms (n) timekeeping,
running.
zamanlamak time (saat, sre, zaman); synonyms
(n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era,
space, tempo; antonym (n) death.
zambak lily; synonyms (adj) chalk, effeminate, milk,
paper, rose, snow, anemone, asphodel, begonia,
buttercup, geranium, marigold, ranunculus,
rhododendron, tulip.
zamk cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum,
zan assumption; synonyms (n) presumption,
supposition, hypothesis, premise, adoption,
arrogance, acceptance, belief, conclusion,
conjecture, guess, idea, surmise, theory, notion.
zanaat craft; synonyms (n) boat, ability, art, cunning,
trade, artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, artifice,
business, deceit, job, occupation, profession.
zannetmek 1. guess (sanmak, tahmin etmek);

synonyms (v) conjecture, surmise, forecast, believe,
deem, divine, reckon, suppose, assume, calculate,
feel, figure, foretell, (n) estimate, assumption, 2.
believe (inanmak); synonyms (v) think, accredit,
conceive, consider, guess, understand, accept,
expect, hope, imagine, suspect, apprehend, trow,
(n) belief, trust; antonyms (v) disbelieve, distrust, 3.
suppose (sanmak); synonyms (v) infer, presume,
speculate, judge, regard, fancy, count, anticipate,
gather, hypothesize, opine, postulate, presuppose,
518
Turkish - English
say, put, 4. think (dnmek, sanmak);

synonyms (v) hold, muse, ponder, reflect, cogitate,
contemplate, deliberate, meditate, reason, study,
envisage, esteem, intend, recollect, see; antonym (v)
forget.
zapt conquest; synonyms (n) victory, conquering,
defeat, triumph, achievement, reduction, coup,
rout, mastery, occupation, overthrow, subjection,
subjugation, success, win; antonym (n) surrender.
zaptetmek 1. occupy; synonyms (v) hold, have,
engage, engross, fill, get, absorb, employ, inhabit,
invade, possess, conquer, busy, capture, (n)
entertain; antonym (v) leave, 2. capture;
synonyms (v) bag, catch, take, apprehend, captivate,
carry, ensnare, seize, bewitch, acquire, beguile,
collar, (n) arrest, seizure, apprehension; antonyms
(v) release, surrender.
zar 1. membrane; synonyms (n) diaphragm, film,
skin, coat, covering, casing, coating, crust, 2. film;
synonyms (n) membrane, cloud, cinema, haze,
layer, movie, show, fog, flake, flick, pic, picture,
scale, (v) mist, photograph.
zarafet grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor,
dress, embroider.
zarar 1. loss (kayp); synonyms (n) hurt, damage,
defeat, detriment, injury, deficit, deprivation,
destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement,
decrease, cost, fall, (adj) harm; antonyms (n)
appearance, retrieval, victory, gaining, income,
recovery, 2. harm; synonyms (n) evil, bruise,
wound, disadvantage, disservice, wrong, disaster,
ill, (v) abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison, ravage,
endamage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 3.
disadvantage; synonyms (n) inconvenience,
limitation, loss, failing, fault, flaw, liability, snag,
awkwardness, penalty; antonyms (n) bonus, value,
(v) advantage, 4. injury; synonyms (n) grievance,
impairment, affront, contusion, lesion, concussion,
mischief, outrage, strain, indignity, defect, cut,
injustice, insult, (v) crime; antonyms (n) ability,
reparation, 5. damage (zarar vermek);
synonyms (n) price, ruin, tear, wreck, charge,
defacement, (v) afflict, disfigure, mar, mutilate,
spoil, break, deface, destroy, (adj) impair; antonyms
(n) service, (v) conserve, repair, bolster, 6. evil
(fena, kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj) bad,
corrupt, criminal, wicked, depraved, destructive,
harmful, malign, sinister, vicious, (n) adversity,
depravity, malice, wickedness, (v) curse; antonyms
righteousness, 7. cost; synonyms (n) amount,
expense, toll, disbursement, expenditure, fee,
payment, rate, worth, sacrifice, budget, bill,
expenses, figure, (v) be.
zararl 1. harmful; synonyms (adj) baneful,

destructive, detrimental, disadvantageous, hurtful,
injurious, noxious, dangerous, damaging,
deleterious, evil, maleficent, adverse, bad, baleful;
antonyms (adj) harmless, healthy, safe, helpful, 2.
evil (fena, kt, ktlk); synonyms (adj)
corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, harmful,
malign, sinister, (n) damage, adversity, detriment,
disaster, depravity, malice, mischief; antonyms (adj)
kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 3.
destructive; synonyms (adj) deadly, fatal,
mischievous, pernicious, calamitous, negative,
vicious, slaughterous, corrosive, disastrous,
malignant, murderous, noisome, poisonous,
ruinous; antonyms (adj) constructive, creative, 4.
ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy,
nauseous, disordered, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly,
amiss, (n) harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, calamity;
antonym (adv) well.
zararsz 1. harmless; synonyms (adj) innocuous, safe,
benign, inoffensive, hurtless, innocent, innoxious,
intact, simple, (n) silly, foolish; antonyms (adj)
harmful, damaging, destructive, lethal, poisonous,
toxic, 2. innocent (masum); synonyms (adj)
harmless, chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous,
guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless,
gullible, naive, pure, spotless, unsophisticated;
antonyms (adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary,
wicked.
zarf 1. envelope; synonyms (n) container, pack, case,
jacket, blanket, vesicle, package, box, packet,
screen, (v) cover, covering, cloak, veil, wrap, 2.
cover (rtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top,
bury, comprise, bind, (n) blind, binding,
camouflage, cap, lid, mask, shield, spread, coating;
zarfnda within (iinde); synonyms (prep) into, (adv)
inside, in, indoors, internally, inwardly, inly, (n)
interior, (adj) inwards; antonyms (prep) outside,
beyond.
zarflamak envelope (zarf); synonyms (n) container,
pack, case, jacket, blanket, vesicle, package, box,
packet, screen, (v) cover, covering, cloak, veil, wrap.
zarif 1. elegant (k); synonyms (adj) graceful,
courtly, delicate, splendid, beautiful, dainty, polite,
refined, dressy, artistic, charming, chic, classy,
cultured, debonair; antonyms (adj) clumsy,
inelegant, scruffy, ugly, coarse, plain, tacky, 2.
exquisite; synonyms (adj) elegant, excellent,
gorgeous, admirable, acute, choice, heavenly,
wonderful, fair, fine, intense, lovely, delicious,
accomplished, (v) delightful; antonym (adj)
everyday.
zaten 1. besides; synonyms (adv) also, furthermore,
Turkish - English
more, likewise, 2. already; synonyms (adv)
beforehand, previously, before, formerly, once,
earlier, finally, (adj) erewhile, present.
zavall 1. poor (fakir, fena, kt); synonyms (adj)
bad, low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute,
evil, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic,
penniless, piteous, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms
(adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged,
well-off, admirable, good, 2. wretched; synonyms
(adj) unfortunate, unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad,
lamentable, pitiable, sorry, woeful, abject, base,
contemptible, desolate, despicable, (v) poor;
antonym (adj) happy.
zayf 1. faint (baylmak); synonyms (adj) collapse,
obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 2. slight;
synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, faint,
fine, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect,
ignore, affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) major,
fat, heavy, intense, severe, thickset, wide, 3. slim
(zayflamak); synonyms (adj) narrow, slight, lean,
remote, skinny, lithe, meager, frail, small, spare,
taper, tenuous, (v) reduce, slenderize, sly;
antonyms (adj) hefty, plump, stocky, 4. thin (ince);
synonyms (adj) gaunt, emaciated, rare, slim, sparse,
bony, gossamer, lank, scrawny, poor, (v) dilute,
sheer, subtle, scanty, adulterate; antonyms (adj)
thick, concentrated, chubby, broad, (v) thicken, 5.
spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, excess, save,
additional, bare, frugal, redundant, refrain, skimpy,
(v) free, exempt, economize, excuse, (n) extra,
backup, 6. weak; synonyms (adj) flat, watery,
ailing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted, inadequate,
infirm, lax, nerveless, shaky, sickly, slack, decrepit,
(v) loose; antonyms (adj) brave, firm, safe,
compelling, determined, effective, forceful, healthy,
powerful, resolute, robust, sturdy, vigorous, able,
fit, 7. frail; synonyms (adj) brittle, breakable,
rickety, dainty, puny, sick, unhealthy, fallible,
impotent, flabby, brash, unsound, frangible,
helpless, (v) shattery; antonym (adj) substantial, 8.
low (alak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject,
downhearted, mean, (n) depression; antonyms (adj)
cheerful, happy, high-pitched, important, piercing,
(n) high.
zayflamak slim; synonyms (adj) slender, narrow,
slight, thin, lean, remote, fine, skinny, flimsy, lithe,
meager, light, (v) reduce, slenderize, cut; antonyms
(adj) fat, heavy, hefty, plump, stocky, wide.
zayflk 1. failing; synonyms (adj) declining, failed, (n)
defect, deficiency, fault, blemish, failure, flaw,
imperfection, inadequacy, shortcoming, weakness,
decline, foible, frailty; antonyms (adj) thriving,
519
flourishing, well, (n) strength, virtue, 2. weakness;

synonyms (n) debility, failing, feebleness, fragility,
predilection, vice, vulnerability, enervation,
lassitude, delicacy, drawback, faintness, impotence,
(adj) infirmity, imbecility; antonyms (n) power,
dislike, advantage, brightness, determination,
intensity, supremacy.
zehir poison; synonyms (n) bane, toxin, (v) infect,
contaminate, envenom, defile, drug, empoison,
taint, intoxicate, canker, corrupt, pollute, (adj)
poisonous, toxic; antonym (n) antidote.
zehirlemek poison (zehir); synonyms (n) bane,
toxin, (v) infect, contaminate, envenom, defile,
drug, empoison, taint, intoxicate, canker, corrupt,
pollute, (adj) poisonous, toxic; antonym (n) antidote.
zehirli toxic; synonyms (adj) poisonous, noxious,
venomous, deadly, harmful, virulent, lethal;
antonyms (adj) harmless, nontoxic.
zeka intelligence (akl); synonyms (n) information,
(n) stupidity, emotion.
zeki 1. intelligent (akll); synonyms (adj) clever,
alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted,
rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted,
knowing, knowledgeable, quick; antonyms (adj)
unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, stupid,
2. clever; synonyms (adj) adroit, capable, acute,
able, apt, intelligent, smart, expert, ingenious,
sharp, skillful, artful, learned, adept, brainy;
antonyms (adj) clumsy, dull, inept, 3. smart
(akgz); synonyms (adj) crafty, dapper, shrewd,
sly, prompt, chic, jaunty, lively, natty, neat, saucy,
fine, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy,
shabby, unkempt, 4. apt (uygun); synonyms (adj)
appropriate, apropos, apposite, good, adequate,
convenient, dexterous, efficient, fit, ready, deft,
disposed, fitting, happy, just; antonym (adj)
inappropriate, 5. bright; synonyms (adj) clear,
alive, vivid, beaming, light, luminous, lustrous,
shining, shiny, sunny, gorgeous, nimble,
auspicious, blithe, airy; antonyms (adj) cloudy,
dark, dreary, gloomy, overcast, shadowy, leaden,
6. sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) bitter,
acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating,
piercing, pointed, pungent, severe, caustic, (n) keen,
(v) biting, brisk; antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, gentle,
rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round,
smooth.
zemberek spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n)
(adj) elastic.
zemin 1. ground (toprak, yer); synonyms (n) base,
cause, land, floor, reason, dirt, field, soil, account,
520
Turkish - English
country, basis, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix;

antonym (n) ceiling, 2. floor (taban); synonyms (n)
bed, level, layer, flooring, ground, platform, apron,
(v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle, mystify,
(adj) drub; antonym (n) top, 3. background (arka
plan); synonyms (n) backdrop, groundwork,
setting, context, education, environment, scene,
backcloth, panorama, atmosphere, experience,
information, preparation, record, scenery.
zengin 1. wealthy; synonyms (adj) rich, moneyed,
affluent, flush, opulent, prosperous, loaded,
substantial, generous, abounding, abundant,
ample, monied, successful, thriving; antonyms (adj)
poor, impoverished, 2. rich; synonyms (adj)
copious, fertile, productive, fruitful, full, deep, fat,
luxurious, plentiful, prolific, bright, liberal, heavy,
fecund, (v) ornate; antonyms (adj) broke, destitute,
light, 3. fertile (bereketli, verimli); synonyms
(adj) exuberant, creative, bountiful, inventive,
luxuriant, lush, rank, original; antonyms (adj)
infertile, sterile.
zenginlik 1. abundance (bereket, bolluk);

synonyms (n) wealth, amplitude, exuberance,
plenitude, profusion, richness, store, treasure,
affluence, breadth, copiousness, enough, fertility,
(adj) plenty, riches; antonyms (n) dearth, scarcity,
aridity, insufficiency, lack, shortage, 2. wealth;
synonyms (n) abundance, opulence, capital,
fortune, property, mammon, resources, assets,
excess, prosperity, possession, cornucopia,
overabundance, (v) money, gold; antonyms (n)
poverty, penury, 3. substance; synonyms (n)
essence, body, import, material, matter, meaning,
significance, subject, amount, core, gist, means,
quintessence, implication, spirit; antonym (n)
triviality.
zerre 1. shadow (glge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost,
obscure, overshadow, 2. particle; synonyms (n)
molecule, grain, speck, bit, fragment, iota, jot, mite,
ace, corpuscle, crumb, dot, mote, point, (adj) atom,
3. grain (tane); synonyms (n) corn, berry, cereal,
character, grist, kernel, scrap, buckwheat, cast,
dash, particle, surface, (v) granulate, (adj) seed,
spirit, 4. atom (atom).
zevce wife (e, kar); synonyms (n) matron, missis,
zevk 1. enjoyment; synonyms (n) delight, pleasure,
appreciation, gratification, comfort, amusement,
delectation, gusto, happiness, relish, satisfaction,
diversion, bliss, ecstasy, entertainment; antonyms
(n) boredom, dislike, 2. delight; synonyms (n) joy,
rejoicing, gladness, elation, (v) charm, amuse,
please, ravish, captivate, cheer, enrapture, gratify,
transport, content, divert; antonyms (n) sorrow,

misery, (v) depress, displease, 3. treat; synonyms
(v) handle, deal, manage, process, heal, nurse,
regale, operate, doctor, (n) feast, administer,
delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet, 4. fun (elence);
synonyms (adj) amusing, entertaining, funny, (n)
enjoyment, frolic, play, recreation, comedy, humor,
jest, merriment, mirth, sport, festivity, (v) banter, 5.
taste (tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, flavor, liking,
morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness,
mouthful, predilection, (v) savor, sample, smack,
discernment; antonym (n) tastelessness, 6.
pleasure; synonyms (n) contentment, fun,
inclination, fruition, pleasance, desire, cheerfulness,
glee, mind, rapture, thrill, will, preference, fancy,
treat; antonyms (n) anger, irritation, ache, nuisance.
zevkli enjoyable; synonyms (adj) delectable,
agreeable, amusing, delicious, delightful, pleasant,
gratifying, lovely, pleasing, pleasurable, joyful,
heavenly, acceptable, charming, comfortable;
antonym (adj) unpleasant.
zift pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant,
slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave,
hurl, throw, careen, launch.
ziftlemek pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip,
slant, slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss,
heave, hurl, throw, careen, launch.
zihin mind (akl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head,
inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, (v) care,
look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed;
antonym (v) forget.
zihinsel 1. mental; synonyms (adj) intellectual, ideal,
psychic, subjective, insane, psychical,
psychological, spiritual, genial; antonyms (adj)
physical, bodily, 2. intellectual; synonyms (adj)
cerebral, mental, rational, learned, academic,
cultured, brilliant, clever, intelligent,
knowledgeable, (n) intellect, brain, scholar, thinker,
mind.
zil bell; synonyms (n) chime, gong, ring, buzz,
doorbell, alarm, siren, clang, call, buzzer, campana,
cymbal, sign, sound, supplement.
zmba 1. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul);

synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet,
emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample,
punch, characterize, shape, note, 2. punch
(delgi); synonyms (n) jab, drill, cuff, die, wallop,
blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit, prick, beat,
perforate, stab, thrust.
zmbalamak punch (delgi); synonyms (n) jab, drill,
cuff, die, wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit,
prick, beat, perforate, stab, thrust.
zincir chain; synonyms (n) string, network, tether,
rope, cable, band, bond, concatenation, handcuff,
line, range, row, run, (v) bind, fetter; antonym (v)
release.
Turkish - English
zincirlemek chain (zincir); synonyms (n) string,
network, tether, rope, cable, band, bond,
concatenation, handcuff, line, range, row, run, (v)
bind, fetter; antonym (v) release.
zinde fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree,
unfit, inappropriate, unwell.
zplama 1. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border,
decrease, fall.
zplamak 1. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border,
decrease, fall.
zira for (nk, iin); synonyms (prep) because,
behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj)
hence.
ziraat agriculture; synonyms (n) farming,
agribusiness, agronomy, husbandry, tillage,
geoponics, agriculturism, culture, defense,
terraculture.
zrh 1. armour; synonym (v) armor, 2. mail (posta,
postalamak); synonyms (n) communication,
correspondence, (v) post, send, remit, habergeon,
shield, place, transmit, direct, dispatch, 3. shield
(kalkan, korumak, siper); synonyms (n) screen,
shelter, buffer, protection, shade, defense, (v) cover,
guard, safeguard, preserve, secure, defend, hide,
protect, buckler; antonym (v) expose.
zrva 1. bull (boa); synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk,
hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe,
bunkum, cop, copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder,
2. nonsense; synonyms (n) gibberish, balderdash,
baloney, drivel, folderol, foolishness, humbug,
claptrap, falderal, folly, hooey, jargon, rigmarole,
cobblers, (v) stuff; antonym (n) sense.
zirve 1. peak (doruk); synonyms (n) crest, maximum,
top, acme, apex, crown, pinnacle, climax, extreme,
head, height, mountain, prime, summit, tip;
antonyms (n) nadir, base, trough, 2. height
(doruk, ykseklik); synonyms (n) altitude,
culmination, peak, degree, elevation, eminence,
grade, high, level, zenith, extent, length, measure,
521
pitch, size; antonym (n) shortness, 3. summit

(doruk); synonyms (n) point, vertex, heyday,
cover, meeting, 4. top (st); synonyms (adj)
superlative, supreme, (n) surface, brow, covering,
lid, (v) best, cap, exceed, outdo, surpass, beat,
better, excel, pass; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom,
5. cap; synonyms (n) bonnet, capital, ceiling,
detonator, closure, coif, cork, helmet, plug, stopper,
uncover, moil, (v) limit, complete, culminate, 6.
climax; synonyms (n) orgasm, meridian, extremity,
apogee, finish, finale, crisis, end, highlight;
antonym (v) dip, 7. head (ba, kafa); synonyms
(n) chief, captain, front, boss, foam, froth, chieftain,
executive, chair, brain, commander, director, (v)
(v) follow.
zt 1. opposite (kart); synonyms (adj) adverse,
reverse (ters); synonyms (adj) opposite, converse,
inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand,
overturn, revoke, rear, nullify, cancel, invert,
overrule, (n) reversal; antonym (n) front.
ztlk 1. opposition; synonyms (n) contrast, conflict,
antithesis, contrary, contrariety, antagonism,
enemy, hostility, opponent, opposite, competition,
contradiction, antagonist, antipathy, aversion;
antonym (n) consent, 2. contrast (kontrast);
synonyms (n) comparison, distinction, difference,
variation, collation, dissimilarity, divergence, line,
(v) differ, oppose, collate, diverge, clash,
counterpoint, differentiate; antonym (n) similarity.
zvana 1. bush; synonyms (n) shrub, bushing, wild,
chaparral, hedge, jungle, plant, scrub, wilderness,
2. sleeve; synonyms (n) arm, case, liner, cover,
cuff, collar, sheath, skin, socket, wristband,
gauntlet, glove, mitten, (v) mesh, net.
ziyafet 1. feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner,
entertain; antonym (v) fast, 2. spread (yaymak);
ziyan 1. harm; synonyms (n) evil, hurt, detriment,
bruise, wound, disadvantage, injury, disservice, (v)
damage, abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison,
ravage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 2. loss
(kayp, zarar); synonyms (n) defeat, deficit,
deprivation, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture,
bereavement, decrease, cost, fall, decrement,
impairment, casualty, death, (adj) harm; antonyms
(n) appearance, retrieval, victory, gaining, income,
recovery, 3. injury; synonyms (n) grievance, ill,
522
Turkish - English
affront, contusion, lesion, loss, wrong, concussion,

mischief, outrage, strain, indignity, defect, cut, (v)
crime; antonyms (n) ability, reparation.
ziyaret visit; synonyms (n) chat, sojourn, (v) see,
frequent, attend, call, tour, view, gossip, haunt,
inspect, jaw, impose, inflict, talk.
ziyareti visitor; synonyms (n) guest, company,
tourist, visitant, traveler, inspector, stranger,
foreigner, alien, sightseer, arrival, husband,
supercargo.
zor 1. difficult; synonyms (adj) arduous, awkward,
demanding, burdensome, complicated, delicate,
fastidious, hard, knotty, uphill, finicky, abstruse,
ambitious, cantankerous, complex; antonyms (adj)
easy, simple, straightforward, good-natured,
rewarding, clear, 2. force (g, kuvvet,
effect, enforce, impetus, (v) drive, coerce, pressure,
constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n) coercion,
enforcement, limitation, obligation, restriction,
coaction, check, condition, control, (adj) reserve;
antonym (n) incentive, 4. hard (sert); synonyms
(adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong,
callous, cruel, grueling, tough, bitter, alcoholic, (adv)
firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) soft, kind,
merciful, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently,
lightly, 5. sticky; synonyms (adj) adhesive,
clammy, muggy, embarrassing, glutinous, gummy,
humid, slimy, gluey, gooey, mucilaginous, pasty,
sultry, sweltering, tacky; antonyms (adj) dry, fresh,
6. stiff; synonyms (adj) rigid, formal, inflexible,
numb, rigorous, solid, sturdy, buckram,
ceremonious, fixed, (adv) tight, (n) stark, cadaver,
corpse, body; antonyms (adj) relaxed, flexible,
floppy, supple, free, pliable.
zoraki forced; synonyms (adj) compulsory,
compelled, bound, artificial, constrained,
involuntary, unnatural, farfetched, false, labored,
obligatory, obliged, strained; antonyms (adj) free,
unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary.
zorbalk violence (iddet); synonyms (n) rage,
fierceness, force, fury, ferocity, intensity, strength,
vehemence, impetuosity, might, outrage, power,
brutality, storm, heat; antonyms (n) gentleness,
peacefulness.
zorlama 1. constraint; synonyms (n) coercion,
enforcement, limitation, obligation, pressure,
restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj) reserve;
antonym (n) incentive, 2. force (g, kuvvet,
effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, (v) drive, coerce,
violence (iddet); synonyms (n) rage, fierceness,

fury, ferocity, intensity, vehemence, impetuosity,
might, outrage, power, brutality, storm, heat,
constraint, madness; antonyms (n) gentleness,
peacefulness, 4. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed,
effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift,
antonym (v) relax.
zorlamak 1. force (g, kuvvet); synonyms (n)
(v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel,
cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness,
persuasion, 2. urge; synonyms (n) goad, spur,
impulse, (v) push, advocate, press, force, incite,
induce, inspire, instigate, persuade, prompt,
promote, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) discourage, 3.
press (basn, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet,
newspaper, (v) crush, crowd, pack, compress,
exhort, mash, urge, clasp, hug, pinch, squash,
stress, 4. strain; synonyms (n) breed, effort, stretch,
exertion, race, reach, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax,
(v) relax.
zorlanma strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort,
(v) relax.
zorlu 1. formidable; synonyms (adj) arduous,
appalling, grim, awful, difficult, dreadful, fearful,
forbidding, heavy, dread, onerous, redoubtable,
stiff, tough, herculean, 2. violent; synonyms (adj)
fierce, rough, tempestuous, intense, raging, severe,
turbulent, vehement, sharp, passionate, powerful,
savage, stormy, (n) furious, boisterous; antonyms
(adj) gentle, peaceful, calm, nonviolent.
zorluk difficulty; synonyms (n) hindrance,
impediment, trouble, bother, asperity, jam, barrier,
difficultness, fix, hardship, inconvenience, obstacle,
strait, adversity, disadvantage; antonyms (n) ease,
simplicity, advantage, help.
zorunlu 1. mandatory; synonyms (adj) compulsory,
obligatory, required, necessary, imperative,
binding, requisite, (n) mandatary; antonym (adj)
optional, 2. compulsory; synonyms (adj)
involuntary, mandatory, forcible, essential,
unavoidable; antonym (adj) voluntary, 3. forced;
synonyms (adj) compelled, bound, artificial,
constrained, unnatural, farfetched, false, labored,
obliged, strained; antonyms (adj) free, unprovoked,
spontaneous, 4. necessary (gerekli); synonyms
(adj) important, inevitable, basic, fundamental,
indispensable, main, vital, urgent, principal, (n)
necessity, demand, need, requirement, want, must;
antonyms (adj) unnecessary, surplus, needless,
unjustified, 5. urgent (acil); synonyms (adj)
pressing, importunate, instant, immediate, quick,
earnest, critical, serious, hasty, insistent,
Turkish - English
compelling, eager, burning, (v) clamorous, (n)
breathless; antonym (adj) trivial.
zorunluluk 1. necessity (gereklilik); synonyms (n)
demand, need, lack, essential, exigency,
compulsion, emergency, constraint, distress,
indigence, must, necessary, obligation,
requirement, want; antonym (n) option, 2.
urgency; synonyms (n) pressure, haste, necessity,
hurry, press, insistence, stress, instancy,
importance, speed, rush, importunity, essentiality,
gravity, indispensability.
zrt broke; synonyms (adj) bankrupt, poor,
impecunious, impoverished, insolvent, penniless,
bust, destitute, ruined, skint, strapped; antonyms
(adj) rich, solvent.
zulm 1. oppression; synonyms (n) injustice, abuse,
despotism, tyranny, weight, dictatorship, stress,
wrong, severity, violence, compression, (v)
hardship, grievance, (adj) autocracy, molestation, 2.
cruelty; synonyms (n) brutality, barbarity,
cruelness, oppression, ferociousness, ferocity,
harshness, mercilessness, ruthlessness, sadism,
barbarism, fierceness, heartlessness, inclemency,
inhumanity; antonyms (n) compassion, kindness,
friendliness, gentleness, 3. outrage; synonyms (n)
affront, atrocity, indignity, anger, enormity, injury,
contumely, force, crime, (v) insult, dishonor, offend,
violate, desecrate, horrify.
zmre 1. class (snf); synonyms (n) category, group,
form, grade, position, arrange, brand, department,
kind, (v) sort, place, rank, categorize, classify, order,
2. category (kategori, ulam); synonyms (n) class,
denomination, division, type, variety, level, cohort,
plight, breed, classification, collection, estate,
family, nature, predicament.
523
525
Index of English
Subjects to Turkish
Subjects
A
a see bir (one).
abandon see 1. brakmak (leave), 2. vazgemek.
abandoned see 1. ahlaksz, 2. terkedilmi.
abbey see manastr.
ability see 1. yetenek (capability), 2. g (energy,
force, power, strength), 3. iktidar (power), 4.
kabiliyet.
able see 1. muktedir, 2. yetenekli, 3. gl.
abnormal see 1. anormal, 2. olaand.
abolition see iptal.
abortion see 1. dk, 2. krtaj.
about see 1. hakknda, 2. takriben, 3. yaklak, 4.
dair, 5. Hakknda.
above see 1. yukarda, 2. st (top, upper), 3. stnde
(on), 4. stn.
abruptly see birdenbire.
absence see 1. yokluk, 2. dalgnlk, 3. eksiklik
(deficiency), 4. bulunmay, 5. gyap.
absent see 1. yok, 2. namevcut, 3. dalgn.
absolute see 1. mutlak, 2. saf (clean, pure), 3. tam
(accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very),
4. kesin (definite), 5. salt, 6. katksz, 7.
mkemmel (excellent).
absolutely see 1. tamamen (altogether, entirely), 2.
kesinlikle, 3. tamamyla.
absorb see 1. emmek, 2. sourmak, 3. yutmak, 4.
ekmek (drag, draw, pull).
absorption see 1. emme, 2. sourma, 3. emilme.
abstract see 1. soyut, 2. zet (outline, summary), 3.
zetlemek, 4. z (self), 5. ayrmak (appropriate,
divide, reserve, separate, split), 6. armak (steal),
7. soyutlamak, 8. teorik (theoretical), 9. almak
(steal).
absurd see 1. sama, 2. anlamsz, 3. abes, 4. gln.
abundance see 1. bolluk (plenty), 2. bereket, 3.
zenginlik, 4. okluk.
abundant see 1. bol (ample), 2. bereketli (fertile), 3.
ok (many, much, very).
abuse see 1. kfr, 2. suistimal.
academic see 1. akademik, 2. teorik (theoretical), 3.
kuramsal (theoretical).
academy see akademi.
acceleration see 1. ivme, 2. hzlanma.
accent see 1. vurgu (emphasis), 2. aksan, 3. az

(mouth), 4. ive, 5. vurgulamak (highlight).
accept see 1. almak (buy, get, have, receive, take), 2.
onaylamak (approve, confirm), 3. anlamak (see,
understand), 4. kabullenmek.
acceptable see 1. makbul, 2. uygun (appropriate,
apt, suitable).
acceptance see 1. kabul (admission, reception), 2.
onama.
access see 1. giri (entry, input, introduction), 2.
geit, 3. eriim, 4. erimek, 5. yol (path, road,
route, way).
accessible see bulunur.
accession see 1. artma, 2. ulama, 3. oalma, 4.
katlm.
accident see 1. kaza, 2. tesadf, 3. rastlant.
accidental see tesadfi.
accidentally see 1. tesadfen, 2. kazara.
accommodate see 1. badatrmak, 2. yerletirmek.
accommodation see uzlatrma.
accord see 1. ahenk (harmony), 2. anlama
(agreement, deal, understanding), 3. uygunluk, 4.
vermek (give, grant), 5. birleme, 6. uzlama, 7.
uyum.
account see 1. hesap (bill, calculation), 2. aklama
(explanation), 3. nem, 4. deer, 5. sebep.
accountable see 1. mesul, 2. sorumlu.
accountancy see 1. muhasebecilik, 2. Muhasebe
(accounting).
accountant see 1. muhasebeci, 2. sayman, 3.
muhasip.
accounting see muhasebe.
accumulation see 1. toplanma, 2. yma, 3.
birikme, 4. birikim, 5. biriktirme.
accuracy see 1. doruluk (truth), 2. ayar, 3. kesinlik
(precision), 4. tamlk.
accurate see 1. doru (correct, right, true), 2. tam
(absolute, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very),
3. kesin (definite).
accused see sank.
ace see 1. as, 2. birli, 3. bey (gentleman).
achieve see 1. baarmak, 2. kazanmak (win).
achievement see 1. baar (success), 2. baarma.
acid see 1. asit, 2. eki, 3. LSD.
acknowledge see 1. tanmak (know), 2.
alndlamak, 3. onaylamak (accept, approve,
confirm).
acknowledgement see 1. alnd, 2. kabul
(acceptance, admission, reception), 3. tanma
(recognition), 4. teekkr.
acoustic see akustik.
acquaintance see 1. tandk, 2. bildik, 3. bilgi
(information, knowledge).
acquire see 1. edinmek, 2. kazanmak (win).
acquisition see 1. kazanma, 2. Edinme, 3. kazan
(gain, proceeds).
526
English - Turkish
across see 1. apraz, 2. aprazlama, 3. iinden

(through), 4. ortasndan, 5. Yatay (horizontal,
landscape).
act see 1. hareket (action, motion, move, movement),
2. davranmak, 3. perde (curtain, screen), 4. kanun
(law), 5. i (action, affair, deed, job, work), 6. fiil
(verb), 7. amel, 8. yapmak (do, fulfil, make,
perform), 9. davran (attitude), 10. yasa (law,
statute), 11. oynamak (play), 12. numara
(number), 13. edim, 14. etkilemek.
acting see 1. yapan, 2. oyunculuk.
action see 1. etki (effect, impact, influence), 2.
hareket (act, motion, move, movement), 3. i
(affair, deed, job, work), 4. eylem, 5. faaliyet
(activity), 6. dava, 7. davran (attitude), 8. amel,
9. alma (work), 10. kuvvet (force, strength),
11. arpma (collision).
activation see etkinletirme.
active see 1. etkin (effective), 2. hareketli, 3. aktif, 4.
canl (alive, live, lively, living), 5. faal.
activity see 1. etkinlik, 2. faaliyet, 3. eylem (action).
actor see aktr.
actress see aktris.
actual see 1. gerek (fact, real, true), 2. asl, 3.
imdiki, 4. hakiki, 5. asli, 6. fiili, 7. gncel (upto-date).
actually see 1. aslnda, 2. gerekten (indeed, really).
acute see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. iddetli (bitter),
3. akut, 4. sivri (sharp), 5. dar (narrow).
ad see reklam (advertisement).
adapt see 1. uyarlamak, 2. uydurmak.
adaptation see 1. uyarlama (version), 2.
adaptasyon, 3. intibak.
add see 1. eklemek, 2. toplamak (collect, gather,
pick, raise), 3. katmak.
addiction see tiryakilik.
addition see 1. toplama (collection), 2. ekleme, 3.
ilave, 4. katma, 5. ek (appendix).
additional see 1. ilave, 2. ek (appendix), 3. ekstra.
address see 1. adres, 2. sylev (speech), 3. konuma
(speech, talk), 4. nutuk, 5. hitabe.
adequate see 1. yeterli, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt,
suitable), 3. elverili.
adjacent see bitiik.
adjective see 1. nad, 2. sfat.
adjust see 1. ayarlamak (regulate, set), 2. uydurmak,
3. almak, 4. altrmak, 5. dzeltmek.
adjustment see 1. ayar, 2. ayarlama, 3. dzeltme
(correction).
administration see 1. hkmet (government), 2.
ynetim (government, management), 3. idare
(management).
administrative see idari.
administrator see 1. ynetici (director, manager), 2.
idareci, 3. vekil, 4. mdr (director, manager), 5.
ynetmen, 6. vasi.
admiration see 1. hayranlk, 2. takdir.

admission see 1. kabul (acceptance, reception), 2.
giri (access, entry, input, introduction), 3. itiraf.
adopt see 1. benimsemek, 2. edinmek (acquire).
adoption see benimseme.
adult see yetikin.
advance see 1. ilerlemek, 2. avans, 3. ilerleme
(advancement), 4. ilerletmek, 5. gelimek, 6.
gelime.
advanced see 1. ileri (forward), 2. gelimi, 3.
ilerlemi.
advancement see 1. ilerleme (advance), 2. terfi, 3.
ykselme.
advantage see 1. avantaj, 2. yarar (benefit), 3.
stnlk, 4. kar, 5. menfaat, 6. fayda.
advent see gelme.
adventure see 1. serven, 2. macera.
advertisement see 1. reklam, 2. ilan
(announcement), 3. reklm, 4. duyuru
(announcement).
advertising see reklamclk.
advice see 1. t (counsel), 2. tavsiye (tip), 3.
nasihat, 4. akl (intelligence, mind).
advise see 1. tlemek, 2. bildirmek (inform).
advised see 1. dnceli, 2. tedbirli.
adviser see 1. danman, 2. mavir.
aerial see 1. anten, 2. havai.
aeroplane see 1. uak (aircraft, plane), 2. tayyare.
aesthetic see estetik.
affair see 1. mesele (matter, question), 2. i (action,
deed, job, work), 3. hadise, 4. iliki (relation), 5.
olay (event, fact, incident).
affect see 1. dokunmak (touch), 2. etkilemek, 3.
taslamak.
affected see yapmack.
affection see 1. sevgi (love), 2. dknlk, 3.
muhabbet.
affinity see 1. hsmlk, 2. ilgi (interest, reference),
3. eilim (inclination, trend), 4. benzerlik
(analogy, similarity), 5. akrabalk, 6. yaknlk.
afraid see korkmu.
after see 1. sonra (afterwards), 2. arkasndan, 3.
ardndan.
afterwards see 1. sonra (after), 2. sonradan.
again see 1. yine, 2. tekrar, 3. yeniden, 4. gene, 5.
ayrca.
age see 1. ya, 2. asr (century), 3. a (era), 4.
yalanmak.
aged see ihtiyar.
agency see 1. acentelik, 2. ajans, 3. araclk, 4.
organ, 5. vasta, 6. acente.
agenda see gndem.
agent see 1. acenta, 2. ajan, 3. etken, 4. temsilci
(representative), 5. acente, 6. arac, 7. etmen
(factor).
English - Turkish
aggregate see 1. toplam (sum, total), 2. kme
(cluster, group), 3. toplamak (add, collect, gather,
pick, raise), 4. btn (all, entire, integral, whole),
5. kmelemek.
aggression see 1. saldr, 2. hcum (assault, attack).
aggressive see 1. saldrgan, 2. giriken, 3. kavgac,
4. atlgan.
ago see 1. nce (before), 2. evvel.
agony see agoni.
agree see 1. anlamak, 2. uyumak.
agreement see 1. anlama (accord, deal,
understanding), 2. uyuma, 3. ahenk (accord,
harmony), 4. ittifak (alliance).
agricultural see tarmsal.
agriculture see 1. tarm, 2. iftilik, 3. ziraat.
ahead see 1. nde, 2. ileri (advanced, forward), 3.
ileride, 4. bata.
aid see 1. yardmc (assistant), 2. yardm (assistance,
help).
aim see 1. hedef (destination, goal, objective, target),
2. ama (intent, object, objective, purpose,
target), 3. gaye, 4. maksat (intention, purpose), 5.
erek (end).
air see 1. hava (weather), 2. havalandrmak, 3.
gkyz (sky), 4. name, 5. tavr (attitude).
aircraft see 1. uak (aeroplane, plane), 2. uaklar.
airfield see havaalan (airport).
airport see 1. havaalan, 2. havaliman.
alarm see 1. alarm, 2. korku (apprehension, fear), 3.
dehet.
alas see 1. eyvah, 2. th.
album see albm.
alcohol see alkol.
ale see bira (beer).
alert see 1. uyarmak (warn), 2. tetik, 3. uyank, 4.
atik, 5. akgz (smart).
algorithm see algoritma.
alien see yabanc.
alike see 1. ayn (same), 2. benzer (analogous, like).
alive see 1. canl (live, lively, living), 2. sa (right),
3. yaayan, 4. hayatta, 5. diri, 6. farknda.
all see 1. btn (entire, integral, whole), 2. hepsi, 3.
tm, 4. tm, 5. tamamen (absolutely, altogether,
entirely), 6. her (each), 7. hep (always), 8. herkes.
allegiance see sadakat.
alliance see 1. ittifak, 2. anlama (accord,
agreement, deal, understanding), 3. birleme, 4.
uyuma, 5. dnrlk, 6. birlik (union, unity), 7.
akrabalk.
allied see 1. mttefik, 2. balak.
allocation see 1. ayrma, 2. denek.
allow see 1. ayrmak (appropriate, divide, reserve,
separate, split), 2. brakmak (leave).
allowance see 1. izin (permission, permit), 2.
denek.
527
ally see 1. dost (friend), 2. birlemek (join), 3.

mttefik (allied), 4. birletirmek (join), 5. arkada
(companion, friend).
almost see 1. neredeyse, 2. adeta.
alone see yalnz.
along see boyunca.
alongside see yannda.
alpha see alfa.
already see 1. imdiden, 2. zaten.
also see 1. da, 2. de (too), 3. dahi (too), 4. keza, 5.
hem, 6. ayrca.
altar see 1. sunak, 2. mihrap.
alter see 1. deitirmek (change, modify), 2.
deimek, 3. bakalamak.
alteration see 1. deiiklik (change, modification),
2. deitirme.
alternative see 1. seenek (option), 2. alternatif, 3.
baka (different, else, other), 4. dier (other), 5.
k (elegant).
altogether see 1. tamamen (absolutely, entirely), 2.
bsbtn.
aluminium see alminyum.
always see 1. daima, 2. hep, 3. boyuna.
amateur see amatr.
amazement see 1. hayret (wonder), 2. aknlk.
amazing see artc.
ambassador see 1. bykeli, 2. eli.
ambiguity see belirsizlik.
ambiguous see 1. belirsiz, 2. mulak, 3. mphem.
ambition see 1. tutku (passion), 2. hrs, 3. ihtiras.
ambitious see 1. tutkulu, 2. ihtirasl, 3. hrsl, 4.
istekli.
ambulance see 1. ambulans, 2. cankurtaran.
amendment see 1. dzeltme (correction), 2.
deiiklik (change, modification), 3. slah, 4.
iyiletirme.
ammunition see 1. cephane, 2. mhimmat.
amnesty see af (pardon).
amount see 1. miktar (quantity), 2. tutar.
ample see 1. bol (abundant), 2. byk (big, grand,
great, large, major), 3. geni (large, wide), 4.
yeterli (adequate).
amusement see elence (fun).
amusing see elenceli.
an see bir (one).
anal see anal.
analogous see 1. benzer (like), 2. paralel (parallel).
analogy see 1. benzerlik (similarity), 2. rnekseme,
3. analoji, 4. benzeim, 5. karlatrma, 6. kyas.
analyse see 1. zmlemek, 2. incelemek.
analysis see 1. analiz, 2. zmleme, 3. tahlil.
analyst see 1. analist, 2. tahlilci.
analytical see 1. analitik, 2. zmsel, 3.
zmlemeli.
ancient see eski (former, old).
528
English - Turkish
and see 1. ve, 2. ile (with).

angel see melek.
anger see 1. fke, 2. hiddet, 3. kzgnlk, 4.
kzdrmak, 5. fkelendirmek.
angle see 1. a, 2. arptmak, 3. saptrmak, 4. dirsek
(elbow).
angry see 1. fkeli, 2. kzgn, 3. frtnal, 4. hiddetli.
animal see 1. hayvan (beast), 2. hayvansal.
anniversary see yldnm.
announce see 1. bildirmek (inform), 2. Bildir, 3.
duyurmak.
announcement see 1. duyuru, 2. ilan
(advertisement), 3. bildiri, 4. anons.
annual see yllk.
anonymous see 1. anonim, 2. isimsiz, 3. imzasz, 4.
adsz.
answer see 1. cevap (reply, response), 2. karlk, 3.
yant (response), 4. yantlamak.
anthropology see antropoloji.
antibody see antikor.
anticipate see 1. ummak (hope), 2. beklemek
(expect, wait).
anticipation see 1. bekleme (wait), 2. umma.
antique see 1. antika, 2. antik.
anxiety see 1. endie, 2. kayg, 3. bunalt, 4. heves.
anxious see 1. endieli, 2. kaygl.
any see 1. herhangi, 2. hi (nothing), 3. biri
(somebody).
apart see ayr (distinct, separate).
apology see 1. zr (excuse), 2. mazeret, 3.
savunma.
appalling see korkun (horrible, terrible).
apparatus see 1. aygt (device), 2. cihaz, 3. alet
(implement, instrument, tool).
apparent see 1. ak (clear, explicit, free, light,
open, plain, shortage), 2. ortada.
apparently see anlalan.
appeal see 1. temyiz, 2. ekicilik, 3. yalvarmak.
appealing see ekici.
appear see 1. grnmek, 2. gzkmek, 3. belirmek.
appearance see 1. grnm (outlook, view), 2.
grn.
appendix see 1. ek, 2. apandis, 3. ilave.
appetite see 1. arzu (desire, will, wish), 2. itah, 3.
istek (request).
apple see elma.
applicable see 1. uygulanabilir, 2. uygun
(appropriate, apt, suitable).
applicant see 1. aday (candidate), 2. istekli.
application see 1. uygulama, 2. bavuru, 3. talep
(claim).
apply see 1. uygulamak, 2. Uygula, 3. bavurmak
(refer), 4. kullanmak (employ, use), 5. srmek
(drive, last).
appoint see Atamak.
appointment see 1. atama, 2. randevu, 3. tayin, 4.

grev (task), 5. i (action, affair, deed, job, work).
appreciate see 1. beenmek (enjoy, like), 2.
deerlenmek, 3. anlamak (see, understand).
appreciation see 1. takdir, 2. minnettarlk.
apprehension see 1. anlay, 2. korku (fear), 3.
endie (anxiety), 4. tutuklama, 5. kavray, 6.
kuruntu.
approach see 1. yaklamak, 2. yaklama, 3.
yaklam.
appropriate see 1. uygun (apt, suitable), 2. ayrmak
(divide, reserve, separate, split), 3. has, 4.
yerinde.
approval see 1. onay, 2. onaylama, 3. onama, 4.
tasvip, 5. beenme.
approve see 1. onaylamak (accept, confirm), 2.
beenmek (enjoy, like).
approved see onayl.
apt see 1. uygun (appropriate, suitable), 2. eilimli,
3. yerinde, 4. zeki.
aquarium see Akvaryum.
arbitrary see keyfi.
arc see 1. yay, 2. ark, 3. kavis (curve).
arch see kemer (belt).
archaeology see arkeoloji.
archbishop see bapiskopos.
architect see mimar.
architectural see mimari (architecture).
architecture see 1. mimari, 2. mimarlk.
arctic see arktik.
are see ar.
area see 1. alan (domain, field, range, space), 2.
blge (belt, district, region, zone), 3. saha (field),
4. yzlm.
arena see arena.
argue see tartmak.
argument see 1. tartma, 2. mnakaa, 3. delil, 4.
iddia (assertion), 5. kant (evidence, proof).
arise see 1. kalkmak, 2. domak, 3. ykselmek
(rise).
aristocracy see aristokrasi.
arm see 1. kol, 2. dal (branch), 3. g (energy, force,
power, strength), 4. otorite.
armchair see koltuk (seat).
armour see zrh.
army see 1. ordu, 2. asker (soldier).
around see 1. etrafna, 2. evrede, 3. etrafnda, 4.
sularnda.
arrange see 1. dzenlemek (order, organize), 2.
ayarlamak (adjust, regulate, set), 3. planlamak, 4.
kararlatrmak, 5. dzeltmek, 6. dzenleme.
arrangement see 1. hazrlk (preparation), 2.
anlama (accord, agreement, deal,
understanding), 3. aranjman, 4. dzen (order), 5.
dzenleme, 6. sra (order, rank, sequence), 7.
ayarlama, 8. tertip.
English - Turkish
array see 1. dizi (series, string), 2. dzen (order), 3.
saf (absolute, clean, pure), 4. sra (order, rank,
sequence).
arrest see 1. tutuklamak, 2. durdurmak (stop), 3.
durdurma, 4. tutuklama.
arrival see 1. var, 2. geli, 3. gelme, 4. varma.
arrive see 1. varmak (get), 2. ulamak (reach), 3.
gelmek (come), 4. domak.
arrogant see 1. kibirli, 2. kstah, 3. gururlu (proud).
arrow see ok.
arse see gt.
arsenal see 1. cephanelik, 2. tophane.
art see 1. sanat, 2. ustalk, 3. hner.
article see 1. fkra, 2. madde (item, matter), 3.
makale, 4. yaz, 5. eya.
artificial see 1. yapay, 2. yapmack, 3. suni, 4.
yapma, 5. takma, 6. sahte, 7. yalanc.
artist see 1. ressam, 2. sanat, 3. sanatkr.
artistic see artistik.
as see 1. Olarak, 2. gibi, 3. nk (for), 4. Tr, 5.
kadar.
ascent see 1. k (exit), 2. yoku, 3. ykselme, 4.
bayr, 5. rampa, 6. trmanma.
ash see kl.
ashore see 1. karaya, 2. karada.
aside see ayr (apart, distinct, separate).
ask see 1. sormak, 2. istemek (want), 3. SOR.
aspect see 1. grn, 2. hal, 3. cephe, 4. ehre
(face).
assassination see suikast.
assault see 1. hcum (aggression, attack), 2.
saldrmak (attack), 3. saldr (aggression), 4.
tecavz.
assembly see 1. montaj, 2. evirme (conversion), 3.
toplant, 4. kongre (congress, convention), 5.
itima, 6. meclis.
assertion see 1. iddia, 2. sav (thesis).
assessment see 1. vergi (tax), 2. vergilendirme
(taxation).
asset see mal.
assets see 1. servet, 2. Varlklar, 3. aktif.
assignment see 1. grev (task), 2. atama
(appointment), 3. devir (period), 4. i (action,
affair, deed, job, work).
assist see desteklemek (support).
assistance see 1. yardm (help), 2. destek (support).
assistant see 1. asistan, 2. yardmc, 3. muavin.
association see 1. dernek, 2. kurum, 3. ortaklk, 4.
arkadalk, 5. birlik (union, unity), 6. birliktelik,
7. arm.
assume see 1. varsaymak, 2. stlenmek.
assumption see 1. farz, 2. varsaym, 3. zan.
assurance see 1. gvence, 2. sigorta (insurance), 3.
sz (word).
assure see inandrmak.
529
asthma see astm.

astonishing see artc.
astonishment see 1. hayret (wonder), 2. aknlk,
3. arma.
asylum see 1. barnak, 2. snak (refuge), 3.
himaye, 4. iltica, 5. koruma (conservation,
protection).
atmosphere see 1. atmosfer, 2. hava (air, weather),
3. ortam (environment, medium), 4. evre
(environment).
atmospheric see atmosferik.
atom see 1. atom, 2. zerre.
atomic see atomik.
attached see 1. bal, 2. bitiik (adjacent).
attachment see 1. dostluk, 2. ek (appendix), 3.
haciz, 4. sevgi (affection, love), 5. ilgi (interest,
reference), 6. balant (connection, link), 7.
ballk.
attack see 1. hcum (aggression, assault), 2.
saldrmak, 3. kriz (crisis), 4. nbet, 5. saldr
(aggression), 6. basmak (press).
attainment see erime.
attempt see 1. yeltenmek, 2. teebbs, 3. kalkmak,
4. giriim (interference), 5. denemek, 6. deneme
(essay, trial), 7. kalkma, 8. almak (work), 9.
yeltenme.
attend see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard,
view, watch), 2. katlmak.
attendance see 1. bakm (maintenance), 2. bakma,
3. devam (continuation), 4. ilgilenme.
attention see 1. dikkat, 2. ilgi (interest, reference),
3. bakm (maintenance).
attitude see 1. tutum, 2. davran, 3. tavr, 4. duru,
5. dnce.
attorney see 1. avukat (counsel, lawyer, solicitor), 2.
vekil.
attract see 1. ekmek (drag, draw, pull), 2.
cezbetmek.
attraction see 1. cazibe, 2. ekicilik, 3. ekim.
attractive see 1. ekici, 2. alml, 3. cazip.
auction see mezat.
audience see 1. dinleyiciler, 2. seyirciler, 3.
izleyiciler.
audio see 1. iitsel, 2. ses (sound, tone, voice).
audit see 1. denetlemek (check, control), 2. denetim
(check, control).
aunt see 1. hala, 2. teyze, 3. yenge.
authentic see 1. gvenilir, 2. gerek (actual, fact,
real, true), 3. hakiki, 4. otantik.
author see 1. yazar (writer), 2. yaratc.
authoritative see 1. yetkili, 2. otoriter.
authorities see yetkililer.
authority see 1. yetki, 2. otorite, 3. yetke, 4. bilirkii
(expert), 5. uzman (expert, specialist), 6. itibar, 7.
nfuz.
automatic see 1. otomatik, 2. zdevimli.
530
English - Turkish
automatically see zdevimli.

autonomous see 1. zerk, 2. otonom.
autonomy see 1. zerklik, 2. otonomi.
autumn see 1. sonbahar (fall), 2. gz.
available see 1. mevcut, 2. hazr, 3. kullanlabilir, 4.
kullanl.
avenue see 1. cadde (street), 2. bulvar.
average see 1. ortalama (mean), 2. orta
(intermediate, medium, middle), 3. avarya, 4.
vasati.
aviation see havaclk.
avoid see 1. kanmak, 2. saknmak.
awake see 1. uyanmak, 2. uyandrmak, 3. uyank, 4.
uyanm.
award see 1. hkm (provision), 2. vermek (give,
grant), 3. dl (reward), 4. hkmetmek, 5. karar
(decision).
aware see 1. haberdar, 2. bilinli (conscious), 3.
farknda.
away see 1. uzakta, 2. uzaa, 3. uzak (distant, far,
remote).
awful see 1. mthi, 2. berbat, 3. korkun (horrible,
terrible).
awkward see 1. beceriksiz, 2. hantal, 3. kullansz,
4. sakar.
axe see balta.
axis see 1. eksen, 2. mihver.
B
baby see bebek (doll, infant).
back see 1. geri, 2. srt, 3. arka, 4. bek, 5. gemite,
6. geride, 7. geriye, 8. nce (before), 9. arkadaki.
background see 1. artalan, 2. zemin (floor, ground),
3. fon, 4. arkaplan.
backing see 1. destek (support), 2. yardm
(assistance, help), 3. ciro, 4. destekleme.
backwards see geriye.
bad see 1. kt (evil, poor), 2. fena (evil, poor), 3.
bozuk (broken).
badly see ok (many, much, very).
bag see 1. anta, 2. torba (sack), 3. uval.
bail see 1. kefalet, 2. kefil.
baker see 1. ekmeki, 2. frnc.
balance see 1. denge (equilibrium, stability), 2.
dengelemek, 3. bakiye (remainder), 4. bilano, 5.
balans, 6. dnmek (think), 7. kalan (remainder),
8. kalnt, 9. tartmak, 10. terazi.
balanced see dengeli.
balcony see balkon.
bald see 1. kel, 2. yaln, 3. dazlak.
ball see 1. top (gun), 2. balo.
ballet see bale.
balloon see balon.

ban see 1. yasak (forbidden), 2. yasaklamak.
band see 1. bant (tape), 2. kay, 3. erit, 4. sarg, 5.
orkestra (orchestra), 6. grup (bunch, group, set),
7. bando, 8. ete, 9. kuak (belt, generation).
bang see 1. patrt (noise), 2. patlama (explosion), 3.
heyecan, 4. grlt (noise), 5. arpmak.
bank see 1. banka, 2. kme (cluster, group), 3.
banko, 4. ky, 5. set (set), 6. yn (bulk, mass,
stack).
banker see banker.
banking see bankaclk.
bankruptcy see iflas.
banner see 1. bayrak (flag), 2. pankart.
bar see 1. bar, 2. ubuk, 3. kalp (cast), 4.
yasaklamak, 5. engel (barrier), 6. srk, 7.
parmaklk, 8. engellemek, 9. izgi (line), 10.
baro, 11. hari.
bare see 1. plak (naked), 2. yaln.
barely see ancak (but, hardly, however, only,
scarcely).
bargain see 1. kelepir, 2. pazarlk, 3. anlama
(accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 4.
uyuma, 5. ilem.
barn see ahr.
baroque see barok.
barrel see 1. f, 2. varil, 3. kovan.
barrier see 1. engel, 2. korkuluk, 3. it (fence), 4.
duvar (wall), 5. bariyer.
base see 1. taban (floor), 2. alak (low), 3. temel
(basic, elementary, foundation), 4. s, 5. baz, 6.
adi (common), 7. esas, 8. aalk, 9. dip
(bottom), 10. kaide.
basement see bodrum (cellar).
basic see 1. temel (base, elementary, foundation), 2.
ana (chief, main, major, master, principal), 3.
esas.
basically see aslnda.
basin see 1. havuz (pool), 2. havza, 3. yalak, 4.
leen.
basis see 1. esas, 2. temel (base, basic, elementary,
foundation), 3. kaide, 4. kaynak (origin, resource,
source).
basket see 1. sepet, 2. say (number), 3. kfe, 4.
basket.
bass see 1. bas, 2. levrek.
bastard see pi.
bat see yarasa.
batch see 1. yn (bulk, mass, stack), 2. parti (lot),
3. toplu, 4. grup (bunch, group, set).
bath see 1. banyo (bathroom), 2. ykanma, 3.
ykanmak, 4. ykamak (wash).
bathroom see 1. banyo (bath), 2. Tuvalet (lavatory,
toilet).
English - Turkish
battery see 1. pil, 2. batarya, 3. ak, 4. takm (set,
team), 5. akmlatr, 6. dizi (array, series,
string), 7. seri (series), 8. dvme.
battle see 1. muharebe, 2. sava, 3. savamak.
bay see 1. koy, 2. cumba, 3. ulumak, 4. uluma, 5.
havlamak, 6. krfez, 7. defne, 8. blm (chapter,
department, division, part, section), 9. blme, 10.
havlama.
be see 1. olmak (become, get, happen), 2. bulunmak.
beach see 1. plaj, 2. kumsal, 3. sahil (coast, seaside).
beam see 1. n (ray), 2. kiri, 3. huzme, 4. direk, 5.
parlamak.
bear see 1. ay, 2. tamak (carry), 3. dourmak, 4.
ynelmek, 5. speklatr, 6. gtrmek, 7.
dayanmak, 8. ekmek (drag, draw, pull), 9.
katlanmak.
beard see 1. sakal, 2. pskl.
bearing see 1. kerteriz, 2. davran (attitude), 3.
tama, 4. yatak (bed), 5. dourma, 6. ilgi
(interest, reference), 7. katlanma.
beast see hayvan (animal).
beat see 1. dvmek, 2. vuru (stroke), 3. vurmak
(hit), 4. tempo, 5. rpmak, 6. titreim, 7. darbe, 8.
yenmek, 9. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 10.
pataklamak.
beaten see dvlm.
beating see 1. ktek, 2. yenilgi, 3. dvme, 4. dayak.
beautiful see 1. gzel (fair, fine, handsome, lovely,
pretty), 2. latif.
beauty see gzellik.
become see 1. olmak (get, happen), 2. yakmak, 3.
yaramak.
becoming see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable),
2. yerinde.
bed see 1. yatak, 2. tarh, 3. ieklik, 4. tabaka, 5.
taban (base, floor), 6. temel (base, basic,
elementary, foundation), 7. yatrmak, 8. karyola.
bee see ar (pure).
beef see yaknmak.
beer see bira.
before see 1. nce, 2. nnde, 3. huzurunda, 4. nde,
5. nden, 6. evvel.
beforehand see nceden.
beg see 1. dilenmek, 2. dilemek.
begin see 1. balamak (start), 2. balatmak (start).
beginning see 1. balang (origin, start), 2. kken
(origin), 3. ba (chief, head, master), 4. kaynak
(origin, resource, source).
behave see davranmak (act).
behaviour see 1. davran (attitude), 2. tavr
(attitude).
behind see 1. k (bottom), 2. arkada, 3. geri (back),
4. gerisinde, 5. arkasnda.
being see varlk (entity).
belief see 1. inan, 2. iman.
believe see 1. inanmak, 2. gvenmek, 3. zannetmek.
531
bell see zil.

belly see 1. gbek (core), 2. karn, 3. mide
(stomach), 4. imek.
beloved see sevgili (dear, love).
below see 1. aada, 2. aa (down), 3. altnda, 4.
cehennemde, 5. altta.
belt see 1. kemer, 2. blge (district, region, zone), 3.
kuak (generation), 4. kay.
bench see 1. bank, 2. sra (order, rank, sequence), 3.
tezgh.
bend see 1. bkme, 2. emek, 3. bkmek, 4. viraj, 5.
dneme, 6. kvrma, 7. kvrmak, 8. eilmek, 9.
dirsek (elbow), 10. bklmek, 11. eme, 12.
kvrm.
beneath see altnda.
beneficial see 1. faydal, 2. hayrl, 3. krl, 4.
yararl.
benefit see 1. yarar (advantage), 2. avantaj
(advantage), 3. fayda, 4. hak, 5. kr, 6. kazan
(gain, proceeds), 7. menfaat, 8. yaramak, 9.
yararlanmak, 10. kar.
bent see eilim (inclination, trend).
besides see 1. ayrca, 2. stelik, 3. zaten.
bet see 1. bahis, 2. iddia (assertion).
better see dzeltmek.
between see 1. arada, 2. arasnda, 3. aralarnda.
beyond see 1. tesinde, 2. tesine, 3. tede, 4. teye.
bias see 1. nyarg (prejudice), 2. eilim
(inclination, trend), 3. meyil, 4. apraz, 5. sapma
(deviation, drift), 6. verev.
bible see ncil.
bicycle see bisiklet (cycle).
bid see 1. emretmek (order), 2. demek (say), 3.
deklarasyon, 4. ihale, 5. sylemek (say, tell), 6.
teklif.
big see 1. byk (grand, great, large, major), 2.
nemli (important, significant, substantial), 3. iri,
4. kocaman (huge).
bike see 1. bisiklet (bicycle, cycle), 2. motosiklet.
bile see 1. safra, 2. d, 3. aksilik, 4. huysuzluk.
bill see 1. gaga, 2. hesap (account, calculation), 3.
fatura, 4. polie (policy), 5. afi, 6. senet, 7.
tahvil, 8. tasar, 9. ilan (advertisement,
announcement).
billion see milyar.
bin see 1. kutu (box), 2. sele, 3. ambar (store,
warehouse).
binding see balayc.
binoculars see drbn.
biography see biyografi.
biological see biyolojik.
biology see biyoloji.
biopsy see biyopsi.
bird see ku.
birth see 1. doum, 2. dou, 3. soy, 4. doma, 5.
balang (beginning, origin, start).
532
English - Turkish
biscuit see 1. biskvi, 2. rek.

bishop see 1. fil (elephant), 2. piskopos.
bit see 1. krnt, 2. para (component, item, part,
piece, portion, segment), 3. lokma, 4. gem, 5. bit,
6. matkap (drill), 7. ikil.
bitch see 1. orospu, 2. kanck.
bite see 1. srmak, 2. sokmak, 3. lokma, 4.
keskinlik, 5. srk, 6. srma, 7. dilemek, 8.
aclk, 9. kavramak (grip).
bitter see 1. ac (distress, grief, sorrow), 2. keskin
(sharp), 3. iddetli, 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5. zc.
bitterness see 1. aclk, 2. sertlik.
bizarre see 1. garip, 2. tuhaf, 3. acayip (peculiar).
black see 1. siyah, 2. kara.
bladder see 1. mesane, 2. kese.
blame see 1. sulamak, 2. sorumluluk (liability,
responsibility), 3. azarlamak, 4. su (crime), 5.
kabahat, 6. knama, 7. kusur (defect, fault).
blank see 1. bo (empty, free, vacant), 2. boluk
(gap, vacuum), 3. yazsz, 4. ak (clear, explicit,
free, light, open, plain, shortage), 5. anlamsz
(absurd), 6. beyaz (white).
blanket see 1. battaniye, 2. rt, 3. kapsamak
(include).
blast see 1. bombalamak (bomb), 2. mahvetmek, 3.
patlama (explosion), 4. ykmak.
blaze see 1. alev (flame), 2. tutumak, 3. ate (fire),
4. parlamak.
bleak see 1. souk (cold), 2. kasvetli.
blind see 1. kr, 2. anlaysz, 3. perde (curtain,
screen), 4. stor, 5. gizli (confidential, hidden), 6.
dncesiz.
block see 1. blok, 2. tkamak, 3. engel (barrier), 4.
kapamak (close, shut), 5. engellemek, 6. makara.
bloke see 1. adam (fellow, guy, man), 2. herif.
blood see 1. kan, 2. huy, 3. akrabalk.
bloody see kanl.
blow see 1. flemek, 2. esmek, 3. atmak (cast, pitch,
throw), 4. darbe, 5. hamle, 6. vnme.
blue see mavi.
blues see hzn.
board see 1. tahta (wood), 2. kereste, 3. pano
(panel), 4. binmek, 5. kurul (commission), 6.
mukavva, 7. sofra.
boat see 1. sandal, 2. kayk, 3. gemi (ship), 4. tekne.
bodily see bedensel.
body see 1. beden, 2. gvde, 3. vcut, 4. ceset, 5.
cisim.
bold see 1. atlgan, 2. kstah, 3. koyu (dark), 4.
gzpek, 5. cesur (brave), 6. kaln (thick), 7.
kaln, 8. arsz.
bolt see 1. srglemek, 2. yldrm, 3. srg, 4.
cvata, 5. ka, 6. elemek, 7. top (ball, gun), 8.
tknmak.
bomb see 1. bomba, 2. bombalamak.
bond see 1. bono, 2. ba (connection, link), 3.

tahvil, 4. senet, 5. birletirmek (join), 6.
tutturmak, 7. yaptrmak (stick), 8. iliki
(relation).
bone see 1. kemik, 2. klk.
bonus see 1. ikramiye, 2. prim (premium).
book see 1. kitap, 2. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 3.
kaydetmek (record, register), 4. defter
(notebook).
booking see rezervasyon (reservation).
boom see 1. gmbrdemek, 2. grlemek, 3. seren, 4.
bumba, 5. gelimek.
boost see 1. ykseltmek (raise), 2. destek (support).
boot see 1. tekmelemek, 2. izme, 3. bot, 4. kovmak,
5. nyklemek, 6. potin, 7. tekme, 8. bagaj
(luggage).
border see 1. kenar (edge, margin, side, verge), 2.
snr (boundary, limit), 3. kenarlk, 4. hudut.
bore see 1. delik (hole), 2. delmek, 3. oymak, 4.
oyuk.
boredom see sknt.
boring see 1. skc, 2. delme, 3. sondaj.
born see domu.
boss see 1. patron (governor), 2. amir, 3. iveren, 4.
ynetmek.
bother see 1. sknt, 2. zahmet.
bottle see 1. ie, 2. ielemek.
bottom see 1. alt, 2. dip, 3. k, 4. temel (base, basic,
elementary, foundation), 5. kaynak (origin,
resource, source), 6. popo, 7. Son (end, final,
finish, last), 8. tekne.
bound see 1. zplamak, 2. zplama, 3. snrlamak
(restrict), 4. snr (border, boundary, limit), 5.
srama, 6. mecbur, 7. bal, 8. ciltli.
boundary see 1. snr (border, limit), 2. hudut.
bourgeois see 1. burjuva, 2. kentsoylu.
bourgeoisie see burjuvazi.
bow see 1. reverans, 2. yay (arc), 3. pruva, 4. kavis
(curve), 5. emek, 6. ba (chief, head, master), 7.
gkkua, 8. fiyonk.
bowl see 1. tas, 2. anak, 3. kase, 4. yuvarlamak
(roll).
box see 1. kutu (bin), 2. loca, 3. sandk, 4.
yumruklamak, 5. televizyon (television), 6.
kutulamak.
boxing see boks.
boy see 1. olan, 2. delikanl (youngster), 3. oul
(son).
brain see 1. beyin, 2. akl (intelligence, mind).
branch see 1. dal, 2. dallanmak, 3. ube, 4. kol
(arm), 5. blm (chapter, department, division,
part, section).
brand see 1. dalamak, 2. damgalamak, 3. marka.
brandy see kanyak.
brass see 1. pirin (rice), 2. kstahlk, 3. para (cash,
currency, money), 4. cret.
English - Turkish
brave see 1. cesur, 2. kahraman (hero), 3. yiit.
brazil see Brezilya.
breach see 1. yark, 2. gedik, 3. yarmak (split), 4.
uymama, 5. ihlal, 6. ineme.
bread see 1. ekmek, 2. geim, 3. para (cash,
currency, money).
breadth see 1. en (width), 2. genilik (width).
break see 1. mola, 2. frsat, 3. uymamak, 4. krmak,
5. krk, 6. bozmak, 7. kesmek (cut), 8.
bozdurmak, 9. krlmak, 10. atlak, 11. kopmak,
12. paralamak, 13. paralanmak.
breakdown see 1. bozulma (corruption), 2. kme,
3. arza (fault).
breakfast see kahvalt.
breaking see krlma.
breast see 1. gs, 2. meme.
breath see 1. nefes, 2. soluk, 3. esinti, 4. fslt.
breathe see 1. solumak, 2. fsldamak.
breed see 1. yavrulamak, 2. cins, 3. dourmak, 4.
soy, 5. yetitirmek, 6. tr (kind, species, type), 7.
nesil, 8. eit, 9. retmek (generate).
breeze see 1. esinti, 2. meltem, 3. tartma
(argument).
brick see tula.
bride see gelin.
bridge see 1. kpr, 2. bri.
brief see 1. ksa (short), 2. zet (abstract, outline,
summary), 3. muhtasar, 4. zetlemek.
brigade see 1. tugay, 2. ekip.
bright see 1. parlak (shiny), 2. aydnlk, 3. zeki.
brilliant see 1. parlak (shiny), 2. grkemli
(splendid), 3. prlanta.
bring see getirmek (fetch).
brisk see 1. canl (alive, live, lively, living), 2.
evik, 3. hareketli.
broad see 1. enli, 2. geni (large, wide), 3. genel
(general, public), 4. belli, 5. ak (clear, explicit,
free, light, open, plain, shortage), 6. kadn
(woman).
brochure see bror.
broke see 1. meteliksiz, 2. zrt.
broken see 1. bozuk, 2. krk, 3. krlm, 4.
paralanm, 5. inenmi.
broker see 1. komisyoncu, 2. simsar.
bronze see 1. tun, 2. bronz, 3. bronzlatrmak.
brother see 1. birader, 2. karde.
brow see 1. aln, 2. ka, 3. yama.
brown see 1. kahverengi, 2. esmerlemek.
brush see 1. fra, 2. fralama, 3. fralamak.
brutal see 1. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough), 2.
vahi, 3. acmasz, 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5. iddetli
(bitter).
bucket see kova.
budget see bte.
buffer see 1. tampon, 2. arabellek.
533
buffet see 1. bfe, 2. boumak, 3. tokat, 4. yumruk.

build see 1. kurmak (found, install), 2. yap
(structure), 3. yaradl, 4. yapmak (do, fulfil,
make, perform).
builder see 1. inaat, 2. mteahhit (contractor).
building see 1. bina, 2. yap (structure), 3. inaat.
bulk see 1. yn (mass, stack), 2. hacim (volume),
3. iirmek, 4. oylum (volume), 5. imek.
bull see 1. boa, 2. aynasz, 3. polis (police), 4.
sama (absurd), 5. zrva.
bullet see 1. mermi, 2. kurun.
bulletin see 1. blten, 2. bildiri.
bunch see 1. grup (group, set), 2. salkm, 3. demet,
4. deste (deck), 5. krmak, 6. takm (set, team).
bundle see 1. deste (deck), 2. boha.
burden see 1. yklemek (load), 2. yk (load), 3.
nakarat, 4. sorumluluk (liability, responsibility).
bureau see 1. bro (office), 2. daire (circle), 3.
yazhane.
bureaucracy see 1. brokrasi, 2. krtasiyecilik.
bureaucratic see brokratik.
burglary see hrszlk (theft).
burial see defin.
burn see 1. yanmak, 2. yakmak, 3. yank, 4.
tutumak.
burning see 1. ivedi, 2. yakc, 3. yanan.
burst see 1. patlama (explosion), 2. patlamak.
bus see 1. otobs, 2. yol (path, road, route, way), 3.
bara.
bush see 1. al, 2. bur (tower), 3. zvana.
business see 1. i (action, affair, deed, job, work), 2.
ticaret (commerce), 3. mesele (affair, matter,
question), 4. iyeri.
busy see 1. megul, 2. ilek, 3. hareketli, 4.
kullanmda, 5. faal.
but see 1. ama, 2. ancak (barely, hardly, however,
only, scarcely), 3. fakat.
butcher see 1. kasap, 2. cani, 3. katletmek, 4. katil,
5. boazlamak, 6. doramak.
butter see 1. tereya, 2. yaclk.
butterfly see kelebek.
button see 1. dme, 2. dmelemek, 3. buton.
buy see 1. almak (accept, get, have, receive, take), 2.
inanmak (believe), 3. yutmak.
buyer see 1. alc (client, customer, receiver), 2.
mteri (client, customer).
by see 1. tarafndan, 2. yanndan, 3. yannda, 4.
yaknnda, 5. vastasyla, 6. ile (and, with), 7.
kadar, 8. yaknndan, 9. gre, 10. yoluyla, 11.
yakn (near).
534
English - Turkish
C
cab see taksi (taxi).
cabin see 1. kulbe (cottage, hut), 2. kamara, 3.
kabin.
cabinet see 1. dolap, 2. kabine.
cable see 1. kablo, 2. palamar, 3. telgraf.
cage see 1. kafes, 2. hapishane (jail), 3. hapsetmek.
cake see 1. kek, 2. pasta, 3. kalp (cast), 4.
katlamak.
calcium see kalsiyum.
calculate see 1. hesaplamak, 2. planlamak, 3.
saymak (count, number), 4. tasarlamak (design).
calculation see 1. hesap (account, bill), 2.
hesaplama, 3. tahmin (forecast).
calendar see takvim.
calf see 1. dana, 2. baldr, 3. buza.
call see 1. armak, 2. ar, 3. barmak (cry,
shout), 4. davet, 5. seslenmek, 6. aramak (search,
seek), 7. demek (say), 8. arma.
calling see meslek.
calm see 1. durgunluk, 2. sakin (quiet), 3. durgun, 4.
sakinletirmek, 5. asude, 6. dingin.
camera see kamera.
camp see 1. kamp, 2. ordugh.
campaign see 1. kampanya, 2. seferberlik.
can see 1. hapishane (jail), 2. kutu (bin, box).
canal see kanal (channel).
cancel see 1. feshetmek, 2. silmek (wipe), 3.
kaldrmak (lift, remove), 4. vazge, 5.
vazgemek, 6. ptal, 7. bozmak.
cancer see kanser.
candidate see 1. aday, 2. namzet.
candle see mum.
canon see 1. kanun (law), 2. kriter (criterion), 3.
lt (criterion).
canopy see 1. glgelik, 2. tente, 3. kubbe (dome), 4.
rt, 5. saak, 6. sayvan.
canteen see 1. kantin, 2. matara.
canvas see 1. tuval, 2. adr, 3. kanavie, 4. yelken
(sail).
cap see 1. balk (heading), 2. kasket, 3. kep, 4.
takke, 5. tepe (hill), 6. rtmek (cover), 7. zirve
(height, peak, summit).
capability see 1. yetenek (ability), 2. g (energy,
force, power, strength), 3. iktidar (power), 4.
kabiliyet, 5. kapasite (capacity).
capacity see 1. kapasite, 2. sfat, 3. yetenek (ability,
capability).
cape see pelerin.
capital see 1. bakent, 2. byk (big, grand, great,
large, major), 3. kapital, 4. sermaye, 5. ana (chief,
main, major, master, principal), 6. anamal, 7. ba

(chief, head, master).
capitalism see kapitalizm.
capitalist see kapitalist.
captain see 1. kaptan, 2. yzba, 3. lider (leader), 4.
ef, 5. ynetmek.
capture see 1. ganimet, 2. yakalamak (catch, grip,
trap), 3. zaptetmek, 4. esir.
car see 1. araba, 2. otomobil, 3. vagon.
caravan see 1. karavan, 2. kervan.
carbon see karbon.
card see kart.
cardboard see 1. karton, 2. mukavva.
care see 1. bakm (maintenance), 2. dikkat
(attention), 3. holanmak, 4. ilgi (interest,
reference), 5. zen.
career see kariyer.
careful see 1. dikkatli, 2. zenli, 3. titiz, 4. ll, 5.
itinal.
careless see 1. ilgisiz (indifferent), 2. dikkatsiz, 3.
dncesiz.
cargo see 1. kargo, 2. yk (load).
carpet see hal.
carriage see 1. nakliye, 2. vagon, 3. tama, 4. duru,
5. Araba (car), 6. tavr (attitude), 7. aryo.
carrier see 1. tayc, 2. nakliyeci, 3. portr.
carry see 1. nakletmek, 2. tamak (bear), 3.
gtrmek, 4. geirmek, 5. elde, 6. menzil.
case see 1. dava, 2. durum (state, status), 3. kasa, 4.
sorun (issue, problem), 5. olay (event, fact,
incident), 6. mesele (affair, matter, question), 7.
vaka, 8. kutulamak, 9. kutu (bin, box), 10. anta
(bag), 11. sandk.
cash see 1. para (currency, money), 2. nakit, 3.
bozdurmak.
cassette see kaset.
cast see 1. atmak (pitch, throw), 2. kalp, 3.
frlatmak, 4. tip (type), 5. oyuncular, 6.
dkmclk, 7. dkm, 8. eit, 9. atma, 10.
arpklk (distortion).
casting see 1. dkm, 2. dkme.
castle see 1. kale (goal), 2. ato, 3. hisar.
casual see tesadfi.
cat see kedi.
catalogue see katalog.
catch see 1. yakalamak (grip, trap), 2. tutma (hold),
3. yakalama, 4. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 5. av
(hunt), 6. vurmak (hit), 7. anlamak (see,
understand), 8. yetimek, 9. taklmak.
catching see 1. bulac, 2. ekici.
category see 1. kategori, 2. ulam, 3. snf (class), 4.
blm (chapter, department, division, part,
section), 5. zmre.
cathedral see katedral.
cattle see 1. sr, 2. srlar.
English - Turkish
cause see 1. neden (why), 2. dava, 3. ama (aim,
intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 4.
sebep, 5. hedef (aim, destination, goal, objective,
target), 6. dourmak, 7. gaye (aim).
caution see 1. uyar (warning), 2. uyarmak (alert,
warn), 3. uyarma, 4. kefalet, 5. ihtiyat, 6. dikkat
(attention), 7. tedbir.
cautious see 1. dikkatli (careful), 2. ihtiyatl, 3.
tedbirli.
cave see maara.
cease see 1. durmak (halt, stand, stop), 2. kesmek
(cut), 3. durdurmak (stop), 4. bitmek (end, finish).
ceiling see tavan.
celebrate see kutlamak.
celebrated see nl (famous).
celebration see kutlama.
cell see 1. hcre, 2. gze, 3. pil (battery), 4. gz
(eye).
cellar see 1. bodrum (basement), 2. kiler, 3. mahzen.
cellular see 1. hcreli, 2. hcresel.
cement see 1. imento, 2. macun, 3. tutkal, 4.
imentolamak, 5. iri, 6. yaptrmak (stick), 7.
zamk.
cemetery see 1. mezarlk, 2. kabristan.
censorship see sansr.
census see saym.
central see 1. merkezi, 2. ana (chief, main, major,
master, principal), 3. santral (exchange).
centre see 1. merkez, 2. orta (intermediate, medium,
middle).
century see 1. yzyl, 2. asr.
ceremony see 1. tren, 2. resmiyet, 3. merasim, 4.
ayin.
certain see 1. belirli (definite, specific), 2. emin, 3.
kesin (definite), 4. muhakkak, 5. phesiz, 6.
belli, 7. gvenilir.
certainly see 1. elbette, 2. kesinlikle, 3. muhakkak,
4. tabii.
certainty see 1. kesinlik (precision), 2. katiyet.
certificate see 1. diploma, 2. belge (document), 3.
tasdikname, 4. sertifika, 5. belgelemek
(document), 6. ruhsat.
chain see 1. zincir, 2. zincirlemek.
chair see 1. sandalye, 2. iskemle, 3. krs.
chairman see 1. bakan (president), 2. reis.
chalk see tebeir.
chamber see oda (room).
champion see 1. ampiyon, 2. savunmak, 3.
savunucu, 4. destekleyici, 5. desteklemek
(support).
championship see ampiyonluk.
chance see 1. denemek, 2. tesadfi, 3. ans, 4. frsat,
5. ihtimal, 6. olaslk.
chancellor see 1. babakan (premier), 2. rektr.
change see 1. deitirmek (alter, modify), 2.
deiiklik (modification), 3. deiim, 4.
535
deimek, 5. bozukluk (failure, fault), 6.

deitirme, 7. yenilik, 8. deime.
channel see 1. kanal (canal), 2. oluk.
chaos see 1. kaos, 2. kargaa, 3. karklk, 4.
kemeke.
chap see 1. adam (fellow, guy, man), 2. arkada
(companion, friend), 3. ahbap (friend), 4. atlak,
5. atlamak, 6. atlatmak, 7. yark.
chapter see 1. blm (department, division, part,
section), 2. ksm (section).
character see 1. karakter, 2. zellik (characteristic,
feature, property), 3. tabiat, 4. kiilik
(personality), 5. kahraman (hero), 6. bonservis, 7.
huy, 8. damga (seal, stamp), 9. nitelik (quality).
characteristic see 1. karakteristik, 2. zellik
(feature, property), 3. tipik (typical), 4. vasf, 5.
nitelik (quality).
charcoal see karakalem.
charge see 1. yklemek (load), 2. sulamak (blame),
3. sulama, 4. sorumluluk (liability,
responsibility), 5. talimat (instruction), 6.
saldrmak (attack), 7. cret, 8. masraf, 9. itham,
10. hcum (aggression, assault, attack), 11. grev
(task), 12. emir, 13. doldurmak (fill), 14. bakm
(maintenance), 15. yk (load), 16. nezaret.
charged see ykl (loaded).
charging see ykleme.
charitable see 1. yardmsever, 2. hayrsever, 3.
efkatli.
charity see 1. sadaka, 2. hayrseverlik, 3. merhamet,
4. yardmseverlik.
charm see 1. ekicilik, 2. nazarlk, 3. cezbetmek, 4.
bylemek, 5. by, 6. cazibe (attraction), 7.
muska.
charming see 1. byleyici (fascinating), 2.
cazibeli, 3. ekici, 4. ho (pleasant), 5. sevimli.
chart see 1. grafik (graph), 2. izelge (table), 3.
izim (drawing).
charter see 1. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 2.
kiralamak, 3. patent.
chase see 1. av (hunt), 2. kovalama, 3. kovalamak, 4.
takip.
chat see 1. sohbet, 2. hobe.
cheap see 1. ucuz, 2. deersiz, 3. ucuza, 4.
zahmetsiz, 5. baya, 6. adi (common), 7.
kalitesiz.
check see 1. ek, 2. denetim (control), 3. denetlemek
(audit, control), 4. kontrol (control), 5. durdurmak
(stop), 6. ah, 7. marka, 8. engel (barrier), 9. fi.
checked see 1. kareli, 2. damal.
cheek see 1. yanak, 2. yzszlk, 3. kstahlk, 4.
avurt, 5. arszlk.
cheerful see 1. neeli, 2. en, 3. istekli, 4. keyifli.
cheese see peynir.
chef see ef.
chemical see 1. kimyasal, 2. kimyevi.
536
English - Turkish
chemist see 1. eczac, 2. kimyager.

chemistry see kimya.
cheque see ek (check).
chest see 1. gs (breast), 2. kutu (bin, box), 3.
sandk.
chicken see 1. tavuk, 2. pili, 3. korkak.
chief see 1. ana (main, major, master, principal), 2.
ba (head, master), 3. amir, 4. patron (boss,
governor), 5. reis, 6. ef.
chiefly see balca.
child see 1. ocuk (infant, youngster), 2. rn (crop,
product), 3. yavru (young), 4. alt (bottom).
childhood see ocukluk.
chill see 1. souk (bleak, cold), 2. soukluk, 3.
soutmak, 4. titreme, 5. rpermek, 6. mek, 7.
tmek.
chimney see baca.
chin see ene (jaw).
chip see 1. yonga, 2. entmek, 3. yontmak, 4. entik.
chocolate see ikolata.
choice see 1. seim (election, selection), 2. sekin, 3.
tercih, 4. seme (select, selection), 5. seenek
(alternative, option), 6. kaliteli, 7. k (elegant).
choir see koro.
cholesterol see kolesterol.
choose see 1. semek (pick, select), 2. ayrmak
(appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 3.
istemek (want), 4. yelemek.
chord see 1. kiri (beam), 2. tel (wire).
chorus see 1. koro (choir), 2. nakarat.
chronic see 1. kronik, 2. mzmin, 3. berbat, 4.
srekli (continuous).
church see kilise.
cigarette see sigara.
cinema see sinema.
circle see 1. daire, 2. ember, 3. dnge, 4. halka
(ring).
circuit see 1. devre, 2. evrim, 3. dolama, 4.
dolamak, 5. devretmek, 6. daire (circle), 7. tur.
circular see 1. dolambal, 2. genelge, 3. sirkler, 4.
dairesel, 5. yuvarlak (round).
circulation see 1. dolam, 2. tiraj, 3. tedavl, 4.
sirklasyon, 5. deveran, 6. cereyan, 7. devir
(period).
circumstance see 1. durum (state, status), 2. ayrnt
(detail), 3. olay (event, fact, incident).
citizen see 1. vatanda, 2. yurtta.
city see 1. ehir (town), 2. kent (town).
civil see 1. kibar, 2. medeni, 3. nazik, 4. sivil, 5.
uygar.
civilian see sivil.
civilization see 1. medeniyet, 2. uygarlk.
claim see 1. talep, 2. hak, 3. iddia (assertion), 4.
istek (request), 5. istemek (want).
clarify see aklamak (explain).
clarity see 1. aklk, 2. berraklk.

clash see 1. atma, 2. atmak, 3. bindirmek, 4.
arpmak, 5. arpma (collision).
class see 1. snf, 2. eit, 3. ders, 4. snflandrmak
(sort), 5. tr (kind, species, type), 6. zmre.
classic see klasik.
classical see klasik (classic).
classification see 1. snflandrma, 2. snflama, 3.
tasnif.
classified see 1. gizli (confidential, hidden), 2.
snflandrlm.
classroom see 1. derslik, 2. snf (class).
clause see 1. madde (item, matter), 2. yantmce, 3.
cmlecik, 4. bent, 5. fkra.
clay see 1. kil, 2. amur (mud), 3. balk.
clean see 1. temiz (clear), 2. temizlemek (clear), 3.
saf (absolute, pure), 4. pak, 5. iyice, 6. artmak, 7.
kusursuz, 8. ar (pure).
cleaner see 1. temizliki, 2. temizleyici, 3. silgi.
clear see 1. berrak, 2. temiz (clean), 3. belirgin, 4.
ak (explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage),
5. temizlemek (clean), 6. Temizle, 7. net (net), 8.
parlak (shiny), 9. anlalr, 10. masum (innocent),
11. belli, 12. aikr, 13. amak (open), 14.
engelsiz, 15. saf (absolute, clean, pure), 16.
aydnlk.
clearance see 1. temizleme, 2. yetki (authority).
clearing see 1. kliring, 2. takas.
clearly see aka.
clerk see 1. tezgahtar, 2. ktip, 3. yazman, 4. yazc
(printer), 5. tezghtar.
clever see 1. zeki, 2. akll (intelligent, wise), 3.
becerikli, 4. usta (skilled).
client see 1. alc (buyer, customer, receiver), 2.
mteri (customer), 3. mvekkil.
cliff see 1. uurum, 2. yar.
climate see 1. iklim, 2. hava (air, weather).
climax see 1. doruk (height, peak, summit), 2. zirve
(height, peak, summit).
climb see 1. trmanmak, 2. kmak (exit), 3.
trmanma, 4. ykselmek (rise), 5. trman.
clinic see klinik.
clinical see klinik (clinic).
cloak see 1. gizlemek (hide), 2. pelerin, 3. perde
(curtain, screen), 4. saklamak (save, store), 5.
bahane (excuse), 6. manto, 7. rtmek (cover).
clock see saat (hour, o'clock, time).
close see 1. kapamak (shut), 2. kapatmak (shut), 3.
Kapat, 4. kapal (off), 5. cimri, 6. samimi, 7.
yakn (near), 8. sonu (effect, outcome, result), 9.
yaklamak, 10. yakndan, 11. sakl, 12. ketum,
13. bunaltc, 14. son (end, final, finish, last), 15.
snrl.
closed see kapal (off).
closing see 1. kapan, 2. kapatma.
closure see 1. kapama, 2. kapanma, 3. kapatma.
English - Turkish
cloth see 1. kuma, 2. bez, 3. rt, 4. yelken (sail).
clothes see 1. elbise (dress), 2. giysi (costume).
clothing see giyim.
cloud see 1. bulut, 2. bulutlanmak, 3. bulandrmak.
club see 1. kulp, 2. sinek (fly), 3. dernek
(association), 4. sopa.
clue see 1. ipucu (hint), 2. anahtar (key, switch).
cluster see 1. kme (group), 2. salkm (bunch), 3.
demet, 4. tutam, 5. grup (bunch, group, set).
coach see 1. antrenr, 2. yetitirmek.
coal see kmr.
coalition see 1. koalisyon, 2. birleme.
coarse see 1. kaba (crude, gross, rough), 2.
terbiyesiz, 3. adi (common), 4. baya, 5. kaln
(thick).
coast see 1. sahil (seaside), 2. ky.
coat see 1. palto, 2. ceket (jacket), 3. tabaka, 4. rt,
5. manto, 6. kat (multiple), 7. kaplamak, 8. post
(skin).
cocktail see kokteyl.
code see 1. kod, 2. kodlamak, 3. ifrelemek, 4. ifre,
5. kanun (law), 6. kural (rule, statute).
coffee see kahve.
coffin see tabut.
coherent see tutarl.
coin see sikke.
coincidence see 1. rastlant, 2. tesadf.
cold see 1. souk (bleak), 2. nezle, 3. m, 4.
soukluk.
collaboration see ibirlii.
collapse see 1. Daralt, 2. kmek, 3. k, 4.
daraltmak, 5. yklma, 6. yklmak, 7. kme
(breakdown).
collar see 1. yaka, 2. yakalamak (catch, grip, trap),
3. yrtmek, 4. tasma.
collect see 1. toplamak (add, gather, pick, raise), 2.
biriktirmek, 3. toplanmak, 4. birikmek, 5.
toparlamak.
collected see toplanm.
collection see 1. koleksiyon, 2. toplama (addition),
3. yn (bulk, mass, stack), 4. derlem, 5.
toplanma.
collective see 1. ortak (common, joint, mutual,
partner), 2. toplu, 3. mterek.
collector see 1. tahsildar, 2. koleksiyoncu, 3.
kolektr, 4. toplayc.
college see 1. faklte, 2. niversite (university), 3.
kolej, 4. heyet (committee).
collision see 1. arpma, 2. atma.
colon see kolon (column).
colony see 1. koloni, 2. smrge.
colour see 1. renk, 2. boyamak (paint), 3. boya
(paint), 4. renklendirmek, 5. canllk.
coloured see renkli.
colourful see renkli.
537
colours see bayrak (banner, flag).

column see 1. stun, 2. kolon (colon), 3. dike, 4.
direk.
combat see arpma (collision).
combination see 1. bileim, 2. birletirme, 3. birlik
(union, unity), 4. kombinasyon.
combine see 1. birletirmek (join), 2. birlemek
(join), 3. kartel.
combined see birleik (joint).
come see 1. gelmek, 2. ulamak (reach).
comedy see 1. komedi, 2. gldr.
comfort see 1. avutmak, 2. refah (welfare), 3.
konfor, 4. rahatlatmak, 5. rahatlk, 6. huzur
(peace), 7. avuntu, 8. teselli, 9. rahat (ease).
comfortable see 1. konforlu, 2. rahat (ease), 3.
rahatlatc, 4. sakin (quiet).
comic see 1. komik, 2. gln, 3. komedyen, 4.
komedi (comedy).
coming see 1. geli, 2. var, 3. gelen, 4. gelme, 5.
yaklama, 6. gelecek.
command see 1. kumanda, 2. komut, 3. ynetmek,
4. yetki (authority), 5. komuta, 6. emretmek
(order), 7. buyruk, 8. emir, 9. buyurmak.
commander see 1. komutan, 2. amir, 3. kumandan.
comment see 1. Yorum (interpretation), 2. aklama
(explanation).
commentary see 1. aklama (explanation), 2.
yorum (comment, interpretation).
commerce see 1. ticaret, 2. tecim.
commercial see ticari.
commission see 1. kurul, 2. komisyon, 3. grev
(task), 4. heyet (committee), 5. vazife, 6. atamak,
7. grevlendirmek, 8. i (action, affair, deed, job,
work).
commit see 1. stlenmek, 2. ilemek, 3. yapmak (do,
fulfil, make, perform).
commitment see 1. taahht, 2. balant (connection,
link), 3. sorumluluk (liability, responsibility), 4.
sz (word).
committee see 1. heyet, 2. komisyon, 3. komite, 4.
kurul (commission).
commodity see 1. mal, 2. emtia, 3. eya.
common see 1. ortak (joint, mutual, partner), 2. adi,
3. mterek, 4. yaygn, 5. genel (general, public),
6. alelade, 7. sradan, 8. kaba (coarse, crude,
gross, rough), 9. baya, 10. bilinen, 11. olaan.
commonwealth see ulus (nation).
communal see toplumsal (social).
communicate see 1. nakletmek (carry), 2. bildirmek
(inform).
communication see 1. iletiim, 2. haberleme, 3.
haber, 4. irtibat, 5. komnikasyon, 6. mesaj
(message), 7. balant (connection, link).
communism see komnizm.
communist see komnist.
community see 1. topluluk, 2. cemiyet, 3. toplum.
538
English - Turkish
compact see 1. szleme, 2. sk, 3. youn (dense),

4. pudralk, 5. zl, 6. ksa (short).
companion see 1. arkada (friend), 2. e (match,
wife), 3. yolda, 4. ahbap (friend).
company see 1. irket, 2. arkadalk, 3. elik, 4.
misafir (guest).
compare see karlatrmak.
comparison see 1. benzerlik (analogy, similarity),
2. karlatrma, 3. mukayese, 4. benzetme, 5.
kyaslama.
compartment see 1. kompartman, 2. blme, 3. gz
(eye).
compass see 1. pusula, 2. snr (border, boundary,
limit), 3. pergel, 4. alan (area, domain, field,
range, space), 5. erim (range), 6. kavramak (grip),
7. menzil, 8. evre (environment), 9. anlamak
(see, understand).
compassion see 1. acma, 2. merhamet, 3.
sevecenlik, 4. efkat.
compatible see 1. uyumlu, 2. geimli, 3. uygun
(appropriate, apt, suitable).
compensate see 1. dengelemek (balance), 2.
eitlemek, 3. karlamak.
compensation see 1. bedel, 2. telafi, 3. tazminat, 4.
tazmin, 5. karlama, 6. maa (pay, salary, wage).
compete see yarmak.
competence see 1. yetenek (ability, capability), 2.
yetki (authority), 3. ehliyet.
competent see 1. ehil, 2. yetkili (authoritative), 3.
yetenekli.
competition see 1. rekabet, 2. yarma, 3. ekime
(contention).
competitor see 1. rakip, 2. yar, 3. yarmac.
complain see yaknmak.
complaint see 1. ikyet, 2. yaknma, 3. dert, 4.
hastalk.
complete see 1. bitirmek (end), 2. eksiksiz (perfect),
3. tam (absolute, accurate, exact, exactly, precise,
very), 4. tamamlamak, 5. tamam (done).
completely see tamamen (absolutely, altogether,
entirely).
completion see 1. tamamlama, 2. bitirme.
complex see 1. kompleks, 2. karmak.
complexity see 1. glk, 2. karmaa, 3.
karmaklk.
compliance see 1. itaat, 2. uyma, 3. rza.
complicated see 1. kark (mixed), 2. aprak, 3.
karmak.
comply see uymak (fit).
component see 1. bileen, 2. para (item, part,
piece, portion, segment), 3. eleman, 4. e, 5.
tamamlayc.
composer see 1. besteci, 2. kompozitr.
composite see 1. karma (mixed), 2. bileik.
composition see 1. tertip, 2. beste, 3. bileim, 4.
kompozisyon, 5. nitelik (quality), 6. dizgi, 7.
derleme, 8. anlama (accord, agreement, deal,

understanding).
compound see 1. birletirmek (join), 2. bileik.
comprehension see 1. anlay (apprehension), 2.
kavrama, 3. anlama, 4. idrak, 5. kapsam (scope).
comprehensive see 1. geni (large, wide), 2.
kapsaml, 3. etrafl.
compression see 1. sktrma, 2. bastrma, 3.
kompresyon, 4. zetleme, 5. tazyik, 6. basn
(pressure).
compromise see uzlama.
compulsory see 1. zorunlu (mandatory), 2. mecburi.
computer see bilgisayar.
conceal see 1. saklamak (save, store), 2. gizlemek
(hide).
concentration see 1. konsantrasyon, 2. toplama
(addition, collection), 3. toplanma, 4.
younlama, 5. younluk (density, intensity).
concept see 1. kavram, 2. gr (sight), 3. mefhum,
4. fikir (conception, idea, opinion).
conception see 1. fikir (idea, opinion), 2. anlay
(apprehension), 3. dnce, 4. gr (sight), 5.
kavram.
conceptual see kavramsal.
concern see 1. irket, 2. ilgilendirmek, 3.
endielendirmek, 4. tasa, 5. merak (curiosity), 6.
kayg, 7. i (action, affair, deed, job, work), 8.
etkilemek, 9. endie (anxiety), 10. ilgi (interest,
reference).
concerned see 1. ilgili, 2. endieli, 3. megul (busy),
4. alakadar.
concert see 1. konser, 2. uyum.
concession see 1. imtiyaz (franchise), 2. dn, 3.
ruhsat, 4. taviz, 5. kabul (acceptance, admission,
reception), 6. izin (permission, permit), 7.
ayrcalk (privilege), 8. teslim (delivery).
conclude see 1. bitirmek (complete, end), 2. bitmek
(end, finish).
conclusion see 1. karar (decision), 2. son (end,
final, finish, last), 3. sonu (effect, outcome,
result), 4. kan, 5. netice.
concrete see 1. somut, 2. beton.
condition see 1. durum (state, status), 2. koul, 3.
hal, 4. kondisyon, 5. art.
conditional see koullu.
conduct see 1. davran (attitude), 2. ynetmek, 3.
idare (management), 4. iletmek, 5. davranmak
(act), 6. ynetme, 7. geirmek, 8. hareket (act,
action, motion, move, movement).
conductor see 1. kondktr, 2. iletken, 3. idareci.
confederation see 1. konfederasyon, 2. birlik
(union, unity).
conference see 1. konferans, 2. grme.
confession see 1. itiraf, 2. ikrar.
confidence see 1. gven (faith, reliance), 2. itimat
(reliance), 3. sr, 4. srdalk.
English - Turkish
confident see emin.
confidential see 1. gizli (hidden), 2. gvenilir.
configuration see 1. biim (form, format, shape), 2.
gruplama, 3. konfigrasyon.
confirm see 1. dorulamak, 2. onaylamak (accept,
approve).
confirmation see 1. dorulama, 2. onay (approval),
3. teyit, 4. kant (evidence, proof).
confirmed see mzmin.
conflict see 1. anlamazlk, 2. arpma (collision),
3. atma, 4. mcadele, 5. sava (battle), 6.
badamamak, 7. ekime (contention), 8.
ekimek.
conform see uymak (fit).
confront see 1. yzletirmek, 2. karlatrmak.
confusion see 1. kargaa, 2. karklk.
congratulations see tebrikler.
congregation see cemaat.
congress see 1. Kongre (convention), 2. toplant.
connected see 1. bal, 2. ilgili.
connection see 1. balant (link), 2. ba (bond,
link), 3. aktarma (transfer), 4. iliki (relation).
conquest see 1. fetih, 2. zafer (victory), 3. zapt.
conscience see vicdan.
conscious see 1. bilinli, 2. kasti, 3. uyank.
consciousness see 1. bilin, 2. idrak, 3. uur.
consecutive see ardk.
consent see 1. rza, 2. izin (permission, permit).
consequence see 1. sonu (effect, outcome, result),
2. nem.
consequent see 1. izleyen, 2. bal.
conservation see 1. koruma (protection), 2.
muhafaza.
conservative see 1. muhafazakr, 2. tutucu.
consider see saymak (count, number).
considerable see nemli (important, significant,
substantial).
consideration see 1. dnce, 2. sayg, 3. karlk,
4. bedel, 5. nem.
consist see dayanmak.
consistency see 1. tutarllk, 2. younluk (density,
intensity), 3. kvam, 4. koyuluk, 5. uyum.
consistent see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable),
2. tutarl, 3. srekli (continuous), 4. istikrarl.
consolation see 1. avuntu, 2. teselli, 3. avunma.
consolidation see 1. salamlatrma, 2. takviye.
consortium see konsorsiyum.
conspiracy see komplo.
constant see 1. sabit (fixed), 2. deimez (fixed), 3.
sadk, 4. srekli (continuous), 5. vefal.
constituent see 1. bileen (component), 2. e, 3.
semen.
constitute see 1. atamak, 2. oluturmak, 3. kurmak
(build, found, install).
539
constitution see 1. anayasa, 2. bnye (structure), 3.

tzk, 4. yap (structure), 5. yaradl.
constitutional see 1. anayasal, 2. yapsal.
constraint see 1. zorlama, 2. bask, 3. zor (difficult),
4. kst, 5. kstlama.
construct see kurmak (build, found, install).
construction see 1. yap (structure), 2. bina
(building), 3. ina, 4. inaat, 5. anlam (meaning,
sense, significance).
constructive see 1. yapc, 2. yapsal.
consult see 1. bavurmak (refer), 2. danmak, 3.
grmek.
consultation see 1. konsltasyon, 2. danma.
consumer see tketici.
consumption see tketim.
contact see 1. temas, 2. dokunma (touch), 3.
grmek, 4. portr, 5. irtibat, 6. iliki (relation),
7. dokunmak (touch), 8. balant (connection,
link), 9. deme.
contain see kapsamak (include).
container see 1. kap, 2. konteyner.
contamination see 1. kirlenme, 2. pislik, 3.
bulatrma.
contemplate see tasarlamak (design).
contemporary see 1. Modern (modern), 2. ada,
3. akran, 4. gncel (up-to-date).
contempt see 1. ayp (shame), 2. kmseme, 3.
saygszlk.
content see 1. ierik, 2. honut, 3. memnun (glad,
happy), 4. honutluk, 5. mutlu (happy), 6. tatmin
(satisfaction).
contention see 1. ekime, 2. iddia (assertion), 3.
tartma (argument), 4. sav (thesis), 5. mcadele.
contents see iindekiler.
contest see 1. yarmak, 2. ekimek, 3. yarma, 4.
ekime (contention), 5. iddia (assertion), 6.
mcadele, 7. tartma (argument).
context see balam.
continent see 1. kta, 2. anakara, 3. ll.
continental see ktasal.
continual see 1. srekli (continuous), 2. devaml.
continuation see 1. devam, 2. srme, 3. uzatma
(extension), 4. temdit, 5. srdrme.
continue see 1. srdrmek, 2. kalmak (stay), 3.
srmek (drive, last), 4. Devam (continuation), 5.
ertelemek, 6. uzatmak (extend, reach).
continuity see 1. sreklilik, 2. devamllk.
continuous see 1. srekli, 2. devaml, 3. aralksz.
contract see 1. szleme, 2. kontrat, 3. anlama
(accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 4.
daraltmak, 5. kaslmak, 6. ksaltmak, 7.
mukavele.
contraction see bzlme.
contractor see 1. mteahhit, 2. yklenici.
contradiction see 1. yalanlama, 2. aykrlk, 3.
eliki, 4. tezat.
540
English - Turkish
contradictory see aykr.

contrary see 1. kar, 2. kart (opposite), 3. aksi, 4.
ters (reverse).
contrast see 1. kontrast, 2. kartlk, 3. tezat, 4.
ztlk, 5. elimek, 6. fark (difference).
contribution see 1. yaz, 2. yardm (assistance,
help), 3. katk, 4. makale, 5. ba.
control see 1. denetim (check), 2. denetlemek (audit,
check), 3. kontrol, 4. idare (management), 5.
kumanda (command).
controller see 1. denetleyici, 2. kontrolr.
controversy see 1. tartma (argument), 2. ihtilaf.
convenience see 1. uygunluk, 2. elverililik, 3.
kolaylk (facility).
convenient see 1. elverili, 2. uygun (appropriate,
apt, suitable), 3. msait, 4. kullanl, 5. yakn
(near).
convention see 1. kongre (congress), 2. kural (rule,
statute), 3. toplant.
conventional see 1. geleneksel (traditional), 2.
basmakalp, 3. konvansiyonel.
conversation see 1. konuma (speech, talk), 2.
sohbet (chat), 3. sylei.
conversion see 1. evirme, 2. dntrme, 3.
deitirme, 4. deime, 5. dnme.
convert see 1. dntrmek (transform), 2.
deitirmek (alter, change, modify), 3. dnme
(rotation), 4. evirmek, 5. deimek, 6.
dnmek.
convey see 1. nakletmek (carry), 2. gtrmek, 3.
tamak (bear, carry).
conviction see 1. kanaat, 2. inan (belief), 3.
mahkumiyet.
convoy see konvoy.
cook see 1. a, 2. piirmek, 3. pimek.
cooker see 1. ocak, 2. frn (oven).
cool see 1. serinlik, 2. serin, 3. serinlemek, 4.
serinletmek, 5. soutmak, 6. soumak, 7.
soukkanllk, 8. kstah, 9. soukkanl, 10. souk
(bleak, cold).
cooper see fc.
cooperation see 1. destek (support), 2. ibirlii, 3.
yardm (assistance, help).
cooperative see kooperatif.
copper see 1. bakr, 2. polis (police).
copy see 1. kopya, 2. Kopyala, 3. kopyalamak, 4.
nsha, 5. suret.
cord see 1. kordon, 2. sicim (string), 3. erit, 4. ip
(rope, string), 5. kablo (cable), 6. fitil.
core see 1. gbek (belly), 2. ekirdek (nucleus), 3. z
(self), 4. dolgu.
corn see 1. msr, 2. tahl, 3. buday (wheat), 4.
nasr.
corner see ke.
coronary see koroner.
corporate see tzel.
corporation see 1. kurum, 2. irket.

corps see 1. heyet (committee), 2. kolordu, 3.
topluluk (community).
corpse see 1. l (dead), 2. ceset, 3. kadavra.
corpus see klliyat.
correct see 1. doru (accurate, right, true), 2.
dzeltmek.
correction see 1. dzeltme, 2. cezalandrma, 3. ceza
(punishment).
correlation see 1. ilinti, 2. korelasyon, 3. bant.
correspondence see 1. yazma, 2. uygunluk, 3.
mektuplama.
correspondent see muhabir (reporter).
corresponding see 1. ilikin, 2. mektuplaan, 3.
uyan.
corridor see 1. koridor, 2. geit, 3. dehliz.
corruption see 1. bozulma (breakdown), 2.
rvetilik, 3. yozlatrma, 4. fesat, 5. ahlakszlk,
6. rvet.
cost see 1. fiyat (price), 2. masraf, 3. maliyet, 4.
zarar (loss).
costly see 1. deerli, 2. pahal.
costume see 1. giysi, 2. kostm, 3. elbise (clothes,
dress), 4. kyafet.
cosy see rahat (ease).
cottage see kulbe (cabin, hut).
cotton see 1. pamuk, 2. anlamak, 3. pamuklu.
council see 1. meclis, 2. konsey, 3. kurul
(commission), 4. divan.
counsel see 1. avukat (attorney, lawyer, solicitor), 2.
t (advice), 3. danma, 4. dnce, 5. nasihat,
6. tavsiye (tip).
count see 1. saymak (number), 2. say (number), 3.
kont, 4. sayma.
counter see 1. saya, 2. kar.
countless see saysz.
country see 1. lke, 2. tara, 3. krsal, 4. ulus
(nation), 5. yurt, 6. vatan, 7. millet, 8. memleket,
9. kr, 10. arazi, 11. sayfiye.
county see kontluk.
couple see 1. ift (double, dual, even, pair), 2.
iftlemek, 3. birletirmek (join), 4. balamak
(link, tie).
coupon see kupon.
courage see 1. cesaret, 2. yreklilik.
course see 1. yn (direction), 2. tabak (plate), 3. ak
(flow), 4. dizi (array, series, string), 5. rota
(route), 6. yol (path, road, route, way), 7. cereyan,
8. gidiat, 9. seyir.
court see 1. avlu (courtyard, yard), 2. mahkeme
(tribunal), 3. alan (area, domain, field, range,
space), 4. saray (palace).
courtesy see 1. nezaket, 2. incelik, 3. kibarlk.
courtyard see avlu (court, yard).
cousin see 1. kuzen, 2. kuzin.
English - Turkish
covenant see 1. szleme, 2. anlama (accord,
agreement, deal, understanding), 3. mukavele.
cover see 1. rtmek, 2. snak (refuge), 3. kapak
(lid), 4. rt, 5. kaplamak, 6. korumak (maintain,
protect, shield), 7. yetmek, 8. zarf (envelope), 9.
kapsamak (include), 10. kapamak (close, shut),
11. iermek (include), 12. bahane (excuse), 13.
klf, 14. kapatmak (close, shut).
covered see 1. kapal (off), 2. rtl.
covering see 1. rt, 2. tabaka, 3. kaplama, 4. kat
(multiple).
cow see 1. inek, 2. yldrmak, 3. korkutmak, 4.
sindirmek.
crack see 1. atlatmak, 2. atlamak, 3. atlak, 4.
atrt, 5. deneme (essay, trial), 6. yarlmak, 7.
atallamak.
craft see 1. gemi (ship), 2. hile, 3. hner, 4. sanat
(art), 5. uak (aeroplane, aircraft, plane), 6.
zanaat.
crash see 1. iflas (bankruptcy), 2. paralanmak, 3.
paralanma, 4. kaza (accident), 5. kme
(breakdown), 6. dmek (fall), 7. grlt (noise).
crazy see 1. deli, 2. lgn, 3. salak, 4. atlak.
cream see 1. kaymak, 2. krema, 3. z (self), 4. krem.
create see 1. yaratmak, 2. atamak.
creation see 1. evren (universe), 2. kreasyon, 3.
yaradl.
creature see yaratk.
credit see 1. kredi, 2. itibar.
creditor see alacakl.
creed see 1. itikat, 2. inan (belief).
crest see 1. doruk (height, peak, summit), 2. tepe
(hill), 3. ibik, 4. ta.
crew see 1. mrettebat, 2. tayfa, 3. ekip.
cricket see kriket.
crime see su.
criminal see sulu (guilty).
crisis see 1. kriz (attack), 2. buhran, 3. bunalm
(depression).
criterion see 1. lt, 2. kriter, 3. kstas.
critical see 1. kritik, 2. tehlikeli (dangerous,
hazardous), 3. ciddi (serious), 4. eletirici.
criticism see 1. eletiri, 2. knama, 3. tenkit.
crop see 1. rn (product), 2. mahsul, 3. ekin, 4.
krpmak, 5. kursak, 6. kesmek (cut), 7. ekmek
(bread), 8. otlamak.
cross see 1. ha, 2. aksi, 3. kzgn (angry), 4. fkeli
(angry), 5. melezlemek, 6. ters (reverse), 7.
kesimek, 8. engellemek, 9. dert, 10. armh, 11.
apraz, 12. huysuz, 13. gemek (pass).
crossing see geit.
crowd see 1. doldurmak (fill), 2. yn (bulk, mass,
stack), 3. toplanmak, 4. sktrmak, 5. kalabalk,
6. dolumak, 7. topluluk (community), 8.
izdiham.
crowded see kalabalk.
541
crown see 1. tepe (hill), 2. ta.

crucial see kritik (critical).
crude see 1. kaba (coarse, gross, rough), 2. ham
(raw), 3. ilenmemi.
cruel see 1. gaddar, 2. acmasz, 3. zalim.
cruelty see 1. zulm, 2. ikence, 3. gaddarlk.
crust see kabuk (shell, skin).
cry see 1. alamak, 2. feryat, 3. barmak (call,
shout), 4. alama, 5. lk, 6. haykr, 7. ses
(sound, tone, voice), 8. yalvarma, 9. seslenmek,
10. haykrmak, 11. nara, 12. nida.
crystal see kristal.
cult see 1. mezhep, 2. merak (curiosity), 3. tapnma.
cultural see 1. kltrel, 2. ekinsel.
culture see 1. kltr, 2. yetitirme.
cumulative see 1. birikimli, 2. birikmi.
cup see 1. fincan, 2. kupa.
cupboard see 1. dolap (cabinet), 2. bfe (buffet), 3.
yklk.
cure see 1. are, 2. ila (drug, remedy), 3.
iyiletirmek, 4. ifa, 5. tedavi (treatment), 6. kr.
curiosity see 1. merak, 2. antika (antique).
curious see 1. acayip (peculiar), 2. merakl, 3. tuhaf,
4. garip.
currency see para (cash, money).
current see 1. cari, 2. geerli (valid), 3. akm
(stream), 4. imdiki, 5. gncel (up-to-date), 6.
yrrlkteki, 7. bugnk, 8. aknt, 9. geer, 10.
cereyan.
currently see halen.
curtain see perde (screen).
curve see 1. eri, 2. kavis, 3. dneme, 4. eilmek,
5. bklmek, 6. bkmek, 7. kvrm, 8. viraj, 9.
emek.
custom see 1. gelenek, 2. zel (particular, private,
special), 3. tre, 4. alkanlk, 5. grenek, 6. adet,
7. det.
customary see 1. allm, 2. geleneksel
(conventional, traditional).
customer see 1. mteri (client), 2. alc (buyer,
client, receiver).
customs see gmrk.
cut see 1. kesmek, 2. para (component, item, part,
piece, portion, segment), 3. incitmek, 4. indirim,
5. Kes, 6. Kesik, 7. kesinti, 8. kesme, 9. klie, 10.
yark, 11. dilimlemek, 12. dilim (slice), 13. pay
(share).
cutting see 1. kesici, 2. kupr, 3. kesim (sector,
segment), 4. keskin (bitter, sharp), 5. kesme.
cycle see 1. bisiklet (bicycle), 2. evrim (circuit), 3.
devir (period), 4. motosiklet.
cylinder see silindir.
542
English - Turkish
D
dad see 1. baba (father), 2. babacm.
daddy see baba (dad, father).
daft see 1. deli (crazy), 2. kak.
daily see 1. gnlk (journal), 2. gndelik.
dairy see 1. sthane, 2. mandra.
dale see vadi (valley).
damage see 1. hasar, 2. zarar (loss).
damages see tazminat.
dame see 1. kadn (woman), 2. kar (wife).
damp see 1. nem, 2. rutubetli, 3. nemli (moist), 4.
rutubet.
dance see 1. dans, 2. balo, 3. oynamak (play), 4.
oynatmak, 5. oyun (game).
danger see tehlike (hazard).
dangerous see tehlikeli (hazardous).
dare see kalkmak.
dark see 1. koyu, 2. karanlk, 3. gizli (confidential,
hidden).
darkness see 1. karanlk, 2. Koyuluk.
darling see 1. sevgili (beloved, dear, love), 2.
sevgilim.
data see 1. veri, 2. veriler, 3. bilgi (information,
knowledge), 4. Data.
date see 1. tarih (history), 2. hurma, 3. randevu
(appointment), 4. zaman (time), 5. buluma.
dawn see 1. tan, 2. afak, 3. aydnlanmak.
day see 1. gn, 2. gndz, 3. zaman (time).
daylight see 1. aydnlk, 2. gndz (day).
daytime see gndz (day).
dead see 1. l, 2. lm, 3. cansz, 4. donuk, 5.
bozuk (broken), 6. tam (absolute, accurate,
complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 7.
tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 8.
gerilimsiz.
deadly see 1. ldrc, 2. ok (many, much, very).
deaf see sar.
deal see 1. anlama (accord, agreement,
understanding), 2. miktar (amount, quantity), 3.
pazarlk, 4. muamele, 5. ilgilenmek, 6. i (action,
dealer see 1. satc, 2. tccar.
dealing see 1. muamele, 2. alveri, 3. i (action,
dean see dekan.
dear see 1. sevgili (beloved, love), 2. aziz, 3. pahal,
4. deerli.
death see 1. lm, 2. lme, 3. ykm (disaster).
debate see 1. tartma (argument), 2. mzakere, 3.
tartmak, 4. grme.
debris see 1. enkaz, 2. yknt.
debt see bor.

debtor see borlu.
decay see 1. rme, 2. rmek, 3. bozulmak, 4.
bozulma (breakdown, corruption), 5. bozmak, 6.
rtmek.
decent see 1. nazik, 2. terbiyeli, 3. iyi (fine, good,
okay, well), 4. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable).
deception see 1. aldanma, 2. aldatma, 3. hile, 4.
kandrma.
decide see kararlatrmak.
decided see 1. kararl, 2. kesin (definite).
decision see 1. karar, 2. hkm (provision), 3.
kararllk.
decisive see 1. kararl, 2. kesin (definite), 3. azimli.
deck see 1. deste, 2. gverte, 3. sslemek, 4.
donatmak.
declaration see 1. bildirim, 2. deme, 3. ifade
(expression), 4. beyan, 5. beyanname, 6. bildiri,
7. deklarasyon.
declare see bildirmek (inform).
decline see 1. azalmak, 2. k, 3. dmek (fall).
decoration see 1. dekorasyon, 2. ssleme, 3. ss, 4.
nian, 5. madalya.
decorative see 1. dekoratif, 2. ssleyici.
decrease see 1. azaltmak, 2. azalmak, 3. klme, 4.
eksiltmek, 5. klmek, 6. eksilme, 7. d, 8.
azalma, 9. eksilmek.
decree see 1. buyurmak, 2. emretmek (order), 3.
karar (decision), 4. kararname, 5. emir, 6. hkm
(provision).
dedication see 1. ithaf, 2. adama.
deed see 1. i (action, affair, job, work), 2. eylem
(action), 3. fiil (verb), 4. hareket (act, action,
motion, move, movement), 5. senet, 6. tapu, 7.
belge (document).
deep see 1. derin, 2. anlalmaz, 3. koyu (dark).
deer see 1. geyik, 2. karaca.
default see 1. temerrt, 2. varsaylan, 3. varsaylan.
defeat see 1. bozgun, 2. yenilgi, 3. yenmek, 4.
malubiyet.
defect see 1. kusur (fault), 2. eksiklik (deficiency),
3. sakatlk, 4. hata (error, fault), 5. arza (fault), 6.
bozukluk (failure, fault).
defective see 1. kusurlu, 2. bozuk (broken), 3. eksik
(missing), 4. sakat, 5. arzal.
defence see savunma.
defend see 1. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 2.
savunmak.
defendant see 1. daval, 2. sank.
defender see savunucu.
defensive see savunan.
deficiency see 1. eksiklik, 2. yetersizlik (disability),
3. kusur (defect, fault), 4. ak (clear, explicit,
free, light, open, plain, shortage), 5. noksan.
deficit see ak (clear, explicit, free, light, open,
plain, shortage).
English - Turkish
define see tanmlamak.
definite see 1. belirli (specific), 2. kesin.
definitely see kesinlikle.
definition see 1. tanm (description), 2. tanmlama.
definitive see kesin (definite).
degree see 1. derece (grade), 2. rtbe.
delay see 1. gecikme, 2. geciktirmek, 3. ertelemek,
4. gecikmek, 5. alkoymak, 6. geciktirme.
delegation see delegasyon.
deliberate see 1. dnmek (think), 2. tartmak, 3.
kasti, 4. ar (heavy, serious), 5. kastl.
deliberately see kasten.
delicate see 1. nazik, 2. hassas, 3. ince (fine, thin),
4. narin.
delicious see 1. lezzetli, 2. nefis, 3. ho (pleasant),
4. leziz.
delight see 1. haz, 2. sevin (joy), 3. sevindirmek, 4.
zevk, 5. keyif.
delightful see ho (pleasant).
deliver see 1. kurtarmak (save), 2. vermek (give,
grant), 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4.
dourtmak.
delivery see 1. teslim, 2. doum (birth), 3. verim
(efficiency, yield).
demand see 1. talep (claim), 2. istemek (want), 3.
istek (request), 4. rabet, 5. istem.
demise see 1. lm (death), 2. vefat.
democracy see demokrasi.
democrat see demokrat.
democratic see demokratik.
demolition see tahrip.
demonstration see 1. gsteri (show), 2. gsterme.
denial see 1. yalanlama, 2. yadsma, 3. tekzip.
dense see 1. youn, 2. koyu (dark), 3. sk, 4.
kalabalk.
density see 1. younluk (intensity), 2. sklk
(frequency).
dentist see dii.
deny see 1. yalanlamak, 2. yadsmak.
department see 1. blm (chapter, division, part,
section), 2. ube (branch), 3. daire (circle), 4.
departman, 5. bakanlk, 6. ksm (section), 7. kol
(arm).
departure see 1. gidi, 2. kalk, 3. yenilik, 4. sapma
(deviation, drift), 5. hareket (act, action, motion,
move, movement), 6. ayrl, 7. ayrlma
(separation).
depend see gvenmek.
dependence see 1. bamllk, 2. gven (faith,
reliance), 3. ballk.
dependency see 1. smrge, 2. bamllk
(dependence).
dependent see 1. baml, 2. muhta, 3. bal.
deposit see 1. mevduat, 2. tortu, 3. depozito, 4.
kaparo, 5. birikinti, 6. yatrmak.
543
depot see depo (store).

depressing see ackl.
depression see 1. bunalm (crisis), 2. knt, 3.
buhran (crisis), 4. depresyon, 5. kasvet.
deprivation see 1. yoksunluk, 2. mahrumiyet, 3.
ihtiya.
depth see derinlik.
deputy see 1. milletvekili, 2. vekil, 3. yardmc
(assistant).
derelict see 1. terkedilmi, 2. metruk, 3. sahipsiz.
derive see 1. karmak, 2. tretmek, 3. almak
(accept, buy, get, have, receive, take).
descent see 1. ini (landing), 2. baskn, 3. nesil, 4.
inme (stroke), 5. soy.
describe see 1. betimlemek, 2. tanmlamak (define),
3. izmek (draw).
description see 1. betimleme, 2. tanm, 3.
tanmlama, 4. tarif, 5. eit, 6. tasvir.
descriptive see tanmlayc.
desert see 1. l, 2. kamak (escape).
design see 1. tasarlamak, 2. proje (plan, project,
scheme), 3. taslak (draft, sketch), 4. plan, 5.
motif, 6. kastetmek, 7. dizayn, 8. desen (pattern),
9. ama (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose,
target), 10. tasarm, 11. model (model).
designer see 1. desinatr, 2. tasarmc.
desire see 1. arzu (will, wish), 2. istek (request), 3.
arzulamak, 4. dilek, 5. istemek (want).
desk see masa (table).
desktop see masast.
despair see umutsuzluk.
desperate see umutsuz.
desperation see aresizlik.
destination see hedef (aim, goal, objective, target).
destiny see 1. kader (fate), 2. felek, 3. ksmet, 4.
yazg.
destroy see 1. ykmak, 2. mahvetmek.
destruction see 1. imha, 2. tahrip, 3. ykma.
destructive see 1. ykc, 2. zararl.
detail see 1. ayrnt, 2. detay.
detailed see ayrntl.
detect see 1. bulmak (find, strike), 2. kefetmek, 3.
sezmek.
detection see 1. bulma (find), 2. keif.
detective see 1. dedektif, 2. hafiye.
detector see 1. detektr, 2. bulucu.
detention see 1. alkoyma, 2. tutma (hold), 3.
engelleme, 4. gecikme (delay).
deterioration see bozulma (breakdown, corruption).
determination see 1. belirleme, 2. saptama, 3.
azim, 4. tespit, 5. kararllk, 6. niyet (intent,
intention, purpose).
determine see 1. saptamak, 2. belirlemek, 3.
kararlatrmak.
determined see 1. azimli, 2. kararl.
544
English - Turkish
devaluation see devalasyon.

devastating see mthi.
develop see 1. gelimek, 2. gelitirmek.
development see 1. gelime, 2. kalknma, 3.
gelitirme.
deviation see sapma (drift).
device see 1. aygt, 2. hile, 3. oyun (game), 4. plan,
5. alet (implement, instrument, tool), 6. cihaz, 7.
makine (engine, machine).
devil see eytan.
devoted see 1. sadk, 2. bal.
devotion see 1. ballk, 2. dknlk.
diabetes see diyabet.
diagnosis see 1. tan, 2. tehis.
diagram see 1. diyagram, 2. ema, 3. izenek.
dialogue see diyalog.
diameter see ap.
diamond see 1. karo, 2. elmas.
diarrhoea see 1. amel, 2. ishal.
diary see 1. gnlk (daily, journal), 2. gnce.
dictionary see szlk.
die see lmek.
diet see 1. perhiz, 2. rejim, 3. diyet.
differ see benzememek.
difference see 1. fark, 2. farkllk, 3. anlamazlk, 4.
ayrlk (separation), 5. ayrm.
different see 1. baka (else, other), 2. eitli, 3.
deiik, 4. farkl.
differential see diferansiyel.
differentiation see fark (difference).
difficult see 1. zor, 2. g (energy, force, power,
strength), 3. huysuz, 4. titiz, 5. etin, 6. inat.
difficulty see 1. zorluk, 2. glk, 3. sorun (issue,
problem).
dig see 1. kazmak, 2. ta (stone), 3. drtmek, 4.
anlamak (see, understand), 5. kaz.
digital see 1. dijital, 2. saysal.
dilemma see 1. ikilem, 2. amaz, 3. kmaz.
dim see 1. bulank, 2. snk, 3. soluk (breath), 4.
lo, 5. karartmak, 6. kararmak, 7. donuk, 8.
bulandrmak, 9. belirsiz (ambiguous), 10.
donuklatrmak.
dimension see 1. boyut (size), 2. buut.
dimensions see 1. ebat, 2. boyutlar.
dinner see Yemek (eat, feed, meal).
diplomacy see diplomasi.
diplomatic see diplomatik.
direct see 1. ynlendirmek, 2. dolaysz, 3. ynetmek,
4. direkt, 5. kestirme, 6. emretmek (order), 7. dz
(flat, plain, smooth, straight), 8. drst (honest),
9. dorultmak, 10. yneltmek.
direction see 1. yn (course), 2. talimat
(instruction), 3. ynerge (directive, instruction),
4. ynetim (administration, government,
management).
directive see 1. ynerge (instruction), 2. direktif, 3.

talimat (instruction), 4. emir.
directly see hemen (immediately).
director see 1. ynetici (administrator, manager), 2.
mdr (manager), 3. ynetmen, 4. direktr, 5.
idareci.
directory see 1. rehber (guide), 2. dizin (index).
dirt see 1. amur (mud), 2. kir, 3. pislik, 4. toprak
(earth, ground, land, soil).
dirty see 1. kirli, 2. pis, 3. bozuk (broken), 4.
frtnal, 5. kirlenmek, 6. kirletmek, 7. pisletmek,
8. iren, 9. pislenmek, 10. mstehcen.
disability see 1. yetersizlik, 2. sakatlk, 3.
ehliyetsizlik, 4. zaaf.
disabled see zrl.
disadvantage see 1. dezavantaj, 2. zarar (loss).
disagreement see 1. anlamazlk, 2. uyumazlk.
disaster see 1. ykm, 2. afet, 3. facia, 4. felaket, 5.
talihsizlik.
disastrous see feci.
disbelief see gvensizlik.
disc see disk.
discharge see 1. boaltmak (empty), 2. demek
(pay), 3. tahliye, 4. boaltma, 5. akmak (flow), 6.
boalma, 7. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 8. dearj,
9. deme (payment), 10. akma, 11. terhis, 12.
salverme.
discipline see 1. cezalandrmak, 2. disiplin, 3.
eitmek.
disclose see gstermek (indicate, point, represent,
show).
disclosure see ifa.
disco see 1. diskotek, 2. disko.
discomfort see 1. rahatszlk, 2. huzursuzluk, 3.
sknt.
discount see 1. indirim, 2. iskonto, 3. krdrmak, 4.
krmak.
discourse see 1. sylev (address, speech), 2. nutuk,
3. konumak (speak, talk), 4. konuma (speech,
talk).
discover see 1. bulmak (find, strike), 2. kefetmek,
3. anlamak (see, understand).
discovery see 1. bulgu, 2. bulu, 3. keif.
discreet see 1. ihtiyatl, 2. ketum.
discrimination see ayrm.
discuss see 1. tartmak, 2. grmek.
discussion see 1. grme, 2. tartma (argument).
disease see hastalk.
disgust see 1. tiksinme, 2. irendirmek, 3. irenme,
4. nefret (hate, hatred), 5. bktrmak, 6.
bezdirmek, 7. tiksindirmek.
disgusting see 1. iren, 2. berbat, 3. tiksindirici.
dish see 1. tabak (plate), 2. yemek (eat, feed, meal).
disk see disk (disc).
dismiss see 1. brakmak (leave), 2. kovmak.
English - Turkish
disorder see 1. dzensizlik, 2. kargaa, 3. karklk,
4. kartrmak.
display see 1. sergileme, 2. sergilemek, 3. ekran
(screen), 4. grnt (image, picture), 5.
gstermek (indicate, point, represent, show), 6.
sergi.
disposal see 1. sat (sale), 2. dzen (order), 3.
kullanm.
dispose see 1. dzenlemek (arrange, order,
organize), 2. yerletirmek.
disposition see 1. eilim (inclination, trend), 2.
istek (request), 3. dzen (order), 4. Idare
(management), 5. miza.
dispute see tartmak.
disruption see 1. bozulma (breakdown, corruption),
2. kesilme.
dissatisfaction see 1. doyumsuzluk, 2.
honutsuzluk, 3. memnuniyetsizlik.
dissolution see 1. bozulma (breakdown,
corruption), 2. tasfiye, 3. bozma, 4. dalma, 5.
fesih, 6. lm (death).
distance see 1. uzaklk, 2. mesafe, 3. soukluk.
distant see 1. uzak (far, remote), 2. souk (bleak,
cold), 3. hafif (light), 4. uzakta (away), 5.
uzaktan.
distinct see 1. ayr (apart, separate), 2. farkl, 3.
belirgin (clear), 4. ak (clear, explicit, free, light,
open, plain, shortage), 5. aikr.
distinction see 1. fark (difference), 2. stnlk
(advantage).
distinctive see zel (particular, private, special).
distinctly see aka.
distinguish see 1. ayrmak (appropriate, divide,
reserve, separate, split), 2. semek (choose, pick,
select), 3. sivrilmek, 4. anlamak (see,
understand).
distinguished see 1. sekin, 2. nl (famous), 3.
tannm.
distortion see 1. arpklk, 2. bozulma (breakdown,
corruption), 3. arptma, 4. distorsiyon.
distress see 1. ac (bitter, grief, sorrow), 2. sknt, 3.
zmek, 4. znt, 5. haciz, 6. tehlike (danger,
hazard), 7. strap.
distribution see 1. datm, 2. dalm, 3. dalma,
4. yaylma.
district see 1. blge (belt, region, zone), 2. mahalle,
3. kaza (accident), 4. havali, 5. ile.
disturb see 1. kartrmak, 2. aksatmak, 3. bozmak.
disturbance see 1. karklk, 2. bozukluk (failure,
fault), 3. patrt (noise), 4. rahatszlk, 5. kargaa.
ditch see 1. hendek, 2. ark (arc).
diversion see 1. elence (amusement, fun), 2.
saptrma.
divide see 1. blmek (separate, split), 2. ayrmak
(appropriate, reserve, separate, split), 3.
blnmek, 4. ayrlmak, 5. Bl.
545
dividend see blnen.

division see 1. blm (chapter, department, part,
section), 2. Blme, 3. blnme (split), 4. ksm
(section).
divorce see 1. boanma, 2. boamak, 3. ayrmak
boanmak.
do see 1. etmek (make), 2. yapmak (fulfil, make,
perform), 3. parti (lot), 4. temizlemek (clean,
clear).
dock see 1. rhtm, 2. Yuva (nest), 3. dok, 4. kesmek
(cut), 5. azaltmak (decrease).
doctor see 1. doktor, 2. hekim.
doctrine see 1. doktrin, 2. reti.
document see 1. belge, 2. belgelemek.
documentation see 1. belgeleme, 2.
dokmantasyon.
dog see 1. kpek, 2. izlemek (monitor, trace, track,
trail), 3. it, 4. herif.
doll see bebek (baby, infant).
dollar see dolar.
dolly see bebek (baby, doll, infant).
dolphin see yunus.
domain see 1. alan (area, field, range, space), 2.
lke (country).
dome see kubbe.
domestic see 1. yerli, 2. evcil, 3. hizmeti, 4. i
(inner, inside, internal), 5. ehli.
dominance see 1. egemenlik (domination), 2.
stnlk (advantage).
dominant see 1. egemen, 2. baskn, 3. baat.
dominate see hkmetmek.
domination see egemenlik.
don see giymek.
donation see ba.
done see 1. tamam, 2. bitti, 3. yaplm, 4. olmu, 5.
bitmi.
donor see verici.
door see 1. kap (gate), 2. giri (access, entry, input,
introduction).
dose see 1. doz, 2. miktar (amount, quantity).
dot see 1. nokta (period, point, spot), 2. benek (spot),
3. noktalamak.
double see 1. ift (couple, dual, even, pair), 2. ifte,
3. duble, 4. bkmek, 5. ikili, 6. ikiyzl.
doubt see 1. kuku, 2. phe (suspicion), 3.
gvenmemek, 4. gvensizlik, 5. kukulanmak.
doubtful see 1. pheli, 2. kukulu, 3. belirsiz
(ambiguous).
doubtless see 1. kukusuz, 2. muhakkak, 3.
phesiz.
down see 1. aa (below), 2. devirmek, 3.
aasnda, 4. ty (pile), 5. hav (pile), 6. aaya,
7. aada (below), 8. bozuk (broken).
downstairs see 1. aada (below), 2. aaya.
546
English - Turkish
dozen see dzine.

draft see 1. taslak (sketch), 2. msvedde, 3. cereyan,
4. ekme (pull), 5. polie (policy).
drag see 1. ekmek (draw, pull), 2. srkleme, 3.
srklemek, 4. srmek, 5. srnmek, 6. taramak,
7. tarak, 8. engel (barrier), 9. trmk.
dragon see ejderha.
drain see 1. aka, 2. akalamak, 3. tketmek, 4.
kanal (canal, channel), 5. kurutmak, 6. lam, 7.
masraf, 8. akmak (flow), 9. aktmak, 10. szmek
(filter).
drainage see 1. drenaj, 2. akalama, 3.
kanalizasyon.
drama see 1. dram, 2. drama.
dramatic see 1. dramatik, 2. etkileyici, 3. arpc.
drastic see iddetli (bitter).
draw see 1. izmek, 2. ekmek (drag, pull), 3. almak
(accept, buy, get, have, receive, take), 4. germek,
5. resmetmek, 6. cezbetmek, 7. ekme (pull), 8.
eki, 9. ekili.
drawer see 1. ekmece, 2. gz (eye), 3. keideci.
drawing see 1. izim, 2. plan, 3. resim (image,
painting, picture).
drawn see 1. ekilmi, 2. szgn.
dreadful see 1. berbat, 2. korkun (horrible,
terrible).
dream see 1. d, 2. hayal, 3. rya.
dress see 1. elbise (clothes), 2. giysi (costume), 3.
sslemek, 4. giyinmek, 5. giyim, 6. giydirmek.
dressing see 1. pansuman, 2. sarg, 3. giydirme.
drift see 1. srklenme, 2. sapma (deviation), 3.
srklemek (drag), 4. ymak (stack), 5.
srklenmek, 6. kayma (slide), 7. eilim
(inclination, trend), 8. aknt, 9. ylmak.
drill see 1. matkap, 2. delgi (punch), 3. talim, 4.
altrma (exercise), 5. delmek.
drink see 1. imek, 2. iecek, 3. iki, 4. merubat, 5.
okyanus (ocean), 6. deniz (sea).
drive see 1. srmek (last), 2. akmak, 3. enerji
(energy), 4. kullanmak (employ, use), 5. src
(driver).
driver see 1. src, 2. ofr, 3. makinist.
driving see srme.
drop see 1. d, 2. brakmak (leave), 3. damla, 4.
dme, 5. dmek (fall), 6. kesmek (cut), 7.
drmek, 8. damlamak, 9. alalmak, 10. ini
(descent, landing).
drug see ila (remedy).
drum see davul.
drunk see sarho.
dry see 1. kuru, 2. sek, 3. susuz, 4. susam, 5.
yavan, 6. kurumak, 7. kurak, 8. kurumu, 9.
kurutmak.
dual see 1. ift (couple, double, even, pair), 2. ikili.
dubious see 1. belirsiz (ambiguous), 2. pheli.
duck see rdek.
due see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2. tam

(absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly,
precise, very), 3. hak, 4. beklenen, 5. gereken.
duke see dk.
dull see 1. donuk, 2. skc (boring), 3. snk, 4.
renksiz, 5. ar (heavy, serious), 6. kr (blind), 7.
donuklatrmak.
duly see hakkyla.
dumb see 1. aptal, 2. dilsiz, 3. sessiz (quiet).
duration see sre (time).
dust see toz (powder).
dusty see tozlu.
duty see 1. vergi (tax), 2. dev, 3. grev (task), 4.
hizmet (service).
dynamic see 1. dinamik (dynamics), 2. devingen.
dynamics see 1. dinamik (dynamic), 2. devimbilim.
E
each see 1. her, 2. tanesi.
eager see 1. gayretli, 2. sabrsz, 3. hevesli.
eagle see kartal.
ear see 1. kulak, 2. baak.
early see 1. erken, 2. eski (former, old), 3. ilk (first,
initial, preliminary).
earn see kazanmak (win).
earnings see 1. kazan (gain, proceeds), 2. gelir, 3.
maa (pay, salary, wage).
earth see 1. toprak (ground, land, soil), 2. dnya
(world), 3. yer (ground, location, place, seat,
space), 4. yeryz, 5. arz.
ease see 1. rahat, 2. gevetmek, 3. rahatlk, 4.
kolaylk (facility), 5. huzur (peace), 6.
kolaylamak, 7. dindirmek, 8. refah (welfare), 9.
yattrmak, 10. kolaylatrmak.
easily see 1. kolayca, 2. muhtemelen, 3. phesiz, 4.
kolaylkla.
east see dou.
easy see 1. kolay, 2. rahat (ease), 3. sakin (quiet), 4.
uysal, 5. zahmetsiz.
eat see 1. yemek (feed, meal), 2. kemirmek, 3.
andrmak, 4. rtmek.
eccentric see eksantrik.
ecclesiastical see dini.
echo see 1. yank, 2. aksetmek, 3. yanklanmak, 4.
yanstmak (reflect).
ecology see 1. ekoloji, 2. evrebilim.
economic see 1. ekonomik, 2. iktisadi.
economics see ekonomi.
economist see 1. ekonomist, 2. iktisat.
economy see 1. ekonomi, 2. tasarruf, 3. tutum
(attitude), 4. idare (management).
English - Turkish
edge see 1. kenar (border, margin, side, verge), 2.
az (mouth), 3. ky, 4. avantaj (advantage).
edition see 1. bask, 2. yayn (publication).
editor see 1. dzenleyici, 2. editr, 3. bayazar, 4.
yaymc.
educated see 1. aydn, 2. okumu.
education see 1. eitim (training), 2. renim, 3.
retim, 4. tahsil.
effect see 1. etki (action, impact, influence), 2. sonu
(outcome, result), 3. anlam (meaning, sense,
significance), 4. Efekt, 5. tesir, 6. gerekletirmek
(realize).
effective see 1. etkin (active), 2. etkili, 3. efektif, 4.
etkileyici, 5. fiili, 6. geerli (current, valid), 7.
tesirli.
effectiveness see etkililik.
efficacy see 1. etki (action, effect, impact,
influence), 2. yarar (advantage, benefit).
efficiency see 1. verim (yield), 2. verimlilik
(fertility), 3. etkinlik (activity).
efficient see 1. becerikli, 2. ehliyetli, 3. verimli
(fertile).
effort see 1. gayret, 2. aba, 3. g (energy, force,
power, strength), 4. emek, 5. abalama.
egg see 1. yumurta, 2. bomba (bomb), 3. tohum
(seed), 4. torpido.
ego see 1. ben, 2. ego, 3. benlik.
eight see sekiz.
eighteen see Onsekiz.
eighth see sekizinci.
eighty see seksen.
elaborate see ayrntl.
elbow see 1. dirsek, 2. dirseklemek.
elder see 1. ata, 2. byk (big, grand, great, large,
major).
election see seim (choice, selection).
electorate see semenler.
electric see elektrikli (electrical).
electrical see 1. elektrikli, 2. elektrik (electricity), 3.
elektriksel.
electricity see elektrik.
electron see elektron.
electronic see elektronik (electronics).
electronics see elektronik (electronic).
elegant see 1. zarif, 2. k, 3. mkemmel (excellent).
element see 1. unsur, 2. eleman, 3. element, 4. e,
5. esas.
elementary see 1. temel (base, basic, foundation), 2.
ilkel (primitive), 3. basit (simple), 4. ilk (first,
initial, preliminary), 5. balang (beginning,
origin, start).
elephant see fil (bishop).
eligible see 1. seilebilir, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt,
suitable).
547
eliminate see 1. elemek, 2. karmak, 3. atmak

(cast, pitch, throw).
elimination see 1. eleme, 2. atma, 3. karma, 4.
eliminasyon.
elite see sekinler.
else see 1. baka (different, other), 2. daha (more), 3.
yoksa (or).
elusive see kaamakl.
embassy see 1. elilik, 2. sefaret.
emergence see belirme.
emergency see buhran (crisis).
emission see 1. yayma, 2. karma.
emotion see 1. duygu (feeling, sense), 2. heyecan, 3.
his (sense).
emotional see 1. duygusal (sentimental), 2.
heyecanl, 3. duygulu.
emperor see imparator.
emphasis see 1. vurgu (accent), 2. nem.
empire see imparatorluk.
empirical see 1. grgl, 2. deneysel (experimental).
employ see kullanmak (use).
employee see 1. ii, 2. Personel, 3. grevli, 4.
hizmetli.
employer see iveren.
employment see 1. i (action, affair, deed, job,
work), 2. altrma, 3. istihdam.
empty see 1. bo (blank, free, vacant), 2. boaltmak
(discharge), 3. dkmek, 4. boalmak, 5. a
(hungry), 6. dklmek.
enclosure see 1. evirme (conversion), 2. it
(fence), 3. kuatma (siege), 4. duvar (wall), 5.
kapama, 6. muhafaza.
encounter see 1. karlama, 2. karlamak, 3.
arpmak, 4. arpma (collision).
encourage see 1. cesaretlendirmek, 2. zendirmek,
3. yreklendirmek.
end see 1. son (final, finish, last), 2. bitirmek
(complete), 3. bitmek (finish), 4. erek, 5. ama
(aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 6.
akbet, 7. u.
ending see son (end, final, finish, last).
endless see sonsuz (infinite).
endorsement see ciro.
enemy see 1. dman, 2. hasm.
energetic see 1. alkan, 2. enerjik, 3. faal, 4. gl,
5. kuvvetli.
energy see 1. enerji, 2. g (force, power, strength),
3. kuvvet (force, strength), 4. erke, 5. gayret
(effort).
enforce see 1. uygulamak (apply), 2. yrtmek.
enforcement see uygulama (application).
engage see 1. ekmek (drag, draw, pull), 2. tutmak
(hold, keep, retain).
engaged see 1. megul (busy), 2. nianl.
548
English - Turkish
engagement see 1. nianlanma, 2. nian, 3. randevu

(appointment), 4. arpma (collision), 5.
angajman, 6. sz (word), 7. szleme, 8. taahht.
engine see 1. motor (motor), 2. lokomotif, 3. makine
(machine).
engineer see 1. mhendis, 2. ark, 3. makinist.
engineering see mhendislik.
enjoy see 1. beenmek (like), 2. holanmak, 3.
sevmek (like, love), 4. yararlanmak.
enjoyable see 1. ho (pleasant), 2. elenceli, 3.
zevkli.
enjoyment see 1. zevk, 2. holanma, 3. haz.
enormous see 1. kocaman (huge), 2. muazzam.
enough see yeter.
enquiry see sorgu (inquiry).
ensure see salamak.
enter see 1. girmek, 2. kaydetmek (record, register),
3. Gir.
enterprise see 1. giriim (interference), 2. kurulu,
3. girikenlik, 4. teebbs, 5. cesaret (courage).
entertainment see elence (amusement, fun).
enthusiasm see 1. evk, 2. heves, 3. cokunluk.
enthusiastic see hevesli.
entire see 1. btn (all, integral, whole), 2. tam
precise, very), 3. tm (all).
entirely see 1. tamamen (absolutely, altogether), 2.
bsbtn, 3. btnyle, 4. tmyle.
entity see 1. varlk, 2. mevcudiyet.
entrance see 1. giri (access, entry, input,
introduction), 2. antre, 3. bylemek, 4. girme.
entry see 1. giri (access, input, introduction), 2.
antre, 3. Girdi (input), 4. girme, 5. kayt (record).
envelope see 1. zarf, 2. zarflamak.
environment see 1. evre, 2. ortam (medium).
environmental see evresel (peripheral).
enzyme see enzim.
episode see 1. blm (chapter, department, division,
part, section), 2. olay (event, fact, incident), 3.
ksm (section).
equal see 1. eit, 2. denk, 3. akran, 4. e (match,
wife), 5. ayn (same), 6. emsal.
equality see eitlik.
equation see 1. denklem, 2. eitlik (equality).
equilibrium see denge (balance, stability).
equipment see 1. donatm, 2. tehizat, 3. donat.
equity see 1. adalet (justice), 2. tarafszlk.
equivalent see 1. edeer, 2. denk, 3. eit (equal), 4.
karlk.
era see 1. a, 2. devir (period), 3. dnem (period).
erosion see 1. erozyon, 2. kemirme, 3. anma, 4.
andrma.
error see 1. hata (fault), 2. yanlg, 3. yanl (false),
4. yanllk.
escape see 1. kamak, 2. firar, 3. kama, 4. ka, 5.

atlatmak, 6. kurtulu.
especially see zellikle.
essay see 1. deneme (trial), 2. denemek.
essence see 1. z (self), 2. ruh (soul), 3. esans, 4.
cevher, 5. asl, 6. esas.
essential see 1. esasl, 2. gerekli (necessary).
essentially see esasen.
establish see 1. yerletirmek, 2. kurmak (build,
found, install), 3. saptamak, 4. kantlamak.
established see sabit (constant, fixed).
establishment see 1. kurma, 2. kurulu, 3. kurum,
4. tesis.
estate see mlk.
estimate see 1. tahmin (forecast), 2. hesap (account,
bill, calculation).
estimated see Tahmini.
eternal see 1. sonsuz (endless, infinite), 2. ebedi.
ethical see trel.
ethics see 1. etik, 2. trebilim.
ethnic see etnik.
evaluate see deerlendirmek.
evaluation see deerlendirme.
eve see arife.
even see 1. ift (couple, double, dual, pair), 2. hatta,
3. bile, 4. dz (flat, plain, smooth, straight), 5. eit
(equal), 6. dzenli (regular).
evening see 1. akam (night), 2. gece (night), 3.
suare.
event see 1. olay (fact, incident), 2. sonu (effect,
outcome, result), 3. vaka, 4. karlama, 5. hadise.
eventually see 1. sonunda, 2. neticede.
ever see 1. daima (always), 2. hep (always), 3. hi
(nothing).
everyday see 1. gnlk (daily, journal), 2. adi
(common), 3. gndelik.
evidence see 1. kant (proof), 2. tanklk, 3. delil, 4.
iz (trace, track, trail), 5. ahitlik, 6. ifade
(expression), 7. belirtmek (specify), 8. aklk, 9.
aklamak (explain), 10. ispat.
evident see 1. besbelli, 2. belirgin (clear), 3. aikr,
4. ak (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain,
shortage).
evidently see aka.
evil see 1. ktlk, 2. fena (poor), 3. kt (bad,
poor), 4. kem, 5. zarar (loss), 6. uursuz, 7.
zararl, 8. aksi, 9. fenalk, 10. bela.
evolution see 1. evrim, 2. geliim, 3. gelime.
evolutionary see evrimsel.
exact see 1. tam (absolute, accurate, complete,
exactly, precise, very), 2. doru (accurate,
correct, right, true), 3. kati, 4. kesin (definite), 5.
titiz, 6. dakik, 7. gerektirmek.
exactly see 1. tam (absolute, accurate, complete,
exact, precise, very), 2. aynen, 3. tamamen
English - Turkish
(absolutely, altogether, entirely), 4. tamam
(done).
examination see 1. muayene, 2. snav, 3. yoklama,
4. inceleme, 5. soruturma (inquiry), 6. tefti, 7.
tetkik.
examine see 1. yoklamak, 2. incelemek, 3. snamak
(test).
example see 1. rnek (model, sample), 2. ders, 3.
ibret, 4. misal.
exceed see 1. amak, 2. gemek (pass).
excellence see 1. mkemmellik (perfection), 2.
stnlk (advantage).
excellent see 1. mkemmel, 2. kusursuz, 3. stn.
except see 1. dnda, 2. hari, 3. saymamak.
exception see istisna.
exceptional see 1. istisnai, 2. mstesna.
excess see 1. fazlalk, 2. arlk, 3. fazla, 4.
lszlk.
excessive see ar (extreme).
exchange see 1. santral, 2. borsa, 3. deitirme, 4.
kambiyo.
exchequer see hazine.
excitement see 1. heyecan, 2. tela.
exciting see 1. heyecanl, 2. uyarc.
exclude see 1. dlamak, 2. kovmak.
exclusion see karma.
exclusive see 1. tek (odd, single, unique), 2. zel
(particular, private, special).
exclusively see 1. sadece, 2. yalnz (alone).
excuse see 1. affetmek (forgive, pardon), 2.
balamak (forgive), 3. bahane, 4. zr
(apology), 5. mazeret.
execution see 1. icra, 2. yrtme, 3. uygulama
(application), 4. idam.
executive see 1. idareci, 2. yrtme, 3. yrtc.
exercise see 1. altrma, 2. egzersiz, 3. idman, 4.
talim, 5. uygulama (application), 6. kullanma
(use).
exhausted see bitap.
exhaustion see 1. bitkinlik (fatigue), 2. tkenme, 3.
yorgunluk.
exhibition see 1. sergi, 2. sergileme.
exile see 1. srgn, 2. srmek (drive, last).
exist see 1. yaamak (live), 2. bulunmak, 3. olmak
(become, get, happen).
existence see hayat (life).
existing see varolan.
exit see 1. kmak, 2. k, 3. kma.
exotic see egzotik.
expand see 1. bytmek, 2. genilemek, 3.
geniletmek (extend), 4. yaymak (spread), 5.
imek, 6. Genilet, 7. amak (open), 8. almak,
9. bymek.
expanded see geniletilmi.
549
expansion see 1. genleme, 2. genileme, 3.

byme (growth), 4. yaylma.
expect see 1. beklemek (wait), 2. sanmak (guess,
suppose, think).
expectation see 1. beklenti, 2. bekleme (wait), 3.
umut (hope), 4. mit, 5. umma.
expedition see 1. sefer, 2. sevk, 3. acele.
expenditure see 1. gider, 2. harcama, 3. masraf.
expense see 1. gider, 2. harcama, 3. masraf.
expenses see Masraflar.
expensive see 1. masrafl, 2. pahal.
experience see 1. deneyim, 2. tecrbe, 3. grmek
(see), 4. yaamak (live), 5. yaant, 6. denemek,
7. olay (event, fact, incident), 8. tatmak (taste).
experienced see 1. tecrbeli, 2. deneyimli, 3.
grgl.
experiment see deney.
experimental see deneysel.
expert see 1. uzman (specialist), 2. bilirkii, 3.
eksper, 4. usta (skilled).
expertise see 1. ekspertiz, 2. uzmanlk.
explain see 1. aklamak, 2. anlatmak (relate, tell).
explanation see 1. aklama, 2. Aiklama, 3. izah,
4. tanmlama, 5. yorum (comment,
interpretation).
explicit see 1. ak (clear, free, light, open, plain,
shortage), 2. belirgin (clear), 3. kesin (definite), 4.
aikr, 5. belli.
exploit see 1. iletmek (operate), 2. kahramanlk, 3.
smrmek, 4. kullanmak (employ, use), 5.
macera, 6. yiitlik.
exploitation see 1. iletme, 2. smrme, 3. istismar.
exploration see 1. aratrma (investigation,
research), 2. keif.
explore see 1. aratrmak (investigate, research), 2.
kefetmek.
explosion see 1. patlama, 2. infilak, 3. parlama.
explosive see patlayc.
export see 1. dsatm, 2. ihracat, 3. ihra.
exposure see 1. poz, 2. tehir.
express see 1. kesin (definite), 2. ak (clear,
explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 3.
anlatmak (relate, tell), 4. hzl (fast, quick, swift),
5. belli, 6. sratli, 7. zel (particular, private,
special).
expression see 1. anlatm, 2. ifade, 3. deyim, 4. eda,
5. sz (word), 6. tabir.
expressly see 1. aka, 2. bilhassa, 3. zellikle.
exquisite see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. nefis, 3.
iddetli (bitter), 4. zarif (elegant).
extend see 1. uzatmak (reach), 2. geniletmek
(expand), 3. yaymak (spread), 4. erimek, 5.
uzamak.
extended see geniletilmi.
extension see 1. uzatma, 2. geniletme, 3. uzant, 4.
ek (appendix).
550
English - Turkish
extensive see 1. geni (large, wide), 2. uzatlm.

extent see 1. uzunluk (length), 2. kapsam (scope), 3.
derece (degree, grade), 4. alan (area, domain,
field, range, space), 5. genilik (width), 6.
mertebe, 7. l (gauge, measure), 8. byklk
(magnitude, size).
external see 1. d, 2. harici.
extra see 1. ek (appendix), 2. ekstra, 3. fazla, 4.
fazladan, 5. figran, 6. ilave, 7. ilaveten.
extract see 1. z (self), 2. almak (accept, buy, get,
have, receive, take), 3. ruh (soul), 4. zt, 5. zet
(abstract, outline, summary), 6. ekmek (drag,
draw, pull), 7. karmak.
extraction see 1. ekme (pull), 2. karma, 3. soy.
extraordinary see 1. olaanst, 2. fevkalade.
extreme see 1. ar, 2. snr (border, boundary,
limit), 3. son (end, final, finish, last), 4. u.
eye see 1. gz, 2. nazar, 3. gr (sight), 4. bak
(look, view).
F
fabric see 1. bnye (structure), 2. kuma (cloth), 3.
yap (structure), 4. bez.
fabulous see harika (wonderful).
face see 1. yz (hundred), 2. ehre, 3. surat, 4.
kaplamak, 5. sima, 6. bakmak (look, maintain,
refer, regard, view, watch), 7. cephe, 8. grn,
9. itibar, 10. katlanmak.
facilitate see kolaylatrmak.
facility see 1. kolaylk, 2. olanak (possibility), 3.
tesis.
facing see dn (return, turn).
fact see 1. olgu, 2. olay (event, incident), 3. gerek
(actual, real, true), 4. hakikat.
faction see 1. hizip, 2. ayrlk (separation).
factor see 1. etmen, 2. arpan, 3. faktr, 4. katsay, 5.
etken.
factory see 1. fabrika, 2. imalathane.
faculty see 1. faklte, 2. yetenek (ability,
capability), 3. yeti, 4. beceri, 5. kabiliyet.
fail see 1. baaramamak, 2. becerememek, 3.
brakmak (leave).
failing see 1. kusur (defect, fault), 2. zayflk, 3. hata
(error, fault).
failure see 1. bozukluk (fault), 2. baarszlk, 3.
eksiklik (deficiency), 4. fiyasko, 5. yetmezlik, 6.
arza (fault).
faint see 1. baylmak, 2. soluk (breath), 3. zayf, 4.
baylma, 5. snk, 6. cesaretsiz, 7. baygn, 8.
baygnlk, 9. donuk.
fair see 1. sarn, 2. gzel (beautiful, fine,
handsome, lovely, pretty), 3. adil, 4. panayr, 5.
drst (honest), 6. vasat, 7. temiz (clean, clear), 8.
orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 9. drste,

10. ar, 11. adilane, 12. ak (clear, explicit,
free, light, open, plain, shortage), 13. fuar.
fairly see 1. olduka (rather), 2. drste, 3. adilane.
fairness see gzellik (beauty).
fairy see peri.
faith see 1. gven (reliance), 2. din (religion), 3.
iman, 4. inan (belief), 5. itikat, 6. sz (word), 7.
itimat (reliance), 8. ballk, 9. sadakat.
faithful see 1. sadk, 2. bal, 3. doru (accurate,
correct, right, true).
fall see 1. sonbahar (autumn), 2. dmek, 3. dme,
4. inmek, 5. d, 6. dklmek, 7. kmek, 8.
gz, 9. dklme, 10. k, 11. yamak, 12.
yama, 13. yklma, 14. yklmak.
false see 1. yanl, 2. taklit (imitation), 3. aslsz, 4.
hileli, 5. sahte.
fame see 1. n, 2. hret, 3. nam, 4. an (glory).
familiar see 1. aina, 2. tandk (acquaintance), 3.
teklifsiz, 4. bildik, 5. allm, 6. laubali.
familiarity see 1. ainalk, 2. laubalilik.
family see 1. aile, 2. familya, 3. soy, 4. ev (home,
house).
famous see 1. nl, 2. mehur, 3. tannm.
fan see 1. hayran, 2. vantilatr, 3. yelpaze, 4.
pervane, 5. taraftar, 6. yelpazelemek.
fancy see 1. Ssl, 2. hayal, 3. kuruntu, 4. sanmak
(guess, suppose, think).
fantastic see 1. fantastik, 2. harika (wonderful), 3.
acayip (peculiar), 4. garip, 5. hayali, 6. ahane.
fantasy see 1. hayal, 2. fantezi.
far see 1. uzak (distant, remote), 2. uzakta (away), 3.
uzaa, 4. rak, 5. br.
fare see 1. yiyecek (food), 2. yolcu (passenger).
farewell see 1. veda, 2. elveda.
farm see iftlik.
farmer see ifti.
farming see 1. tarm, 2. iftilik.
fascinating see 1. byleyici, 2. ekici.
fascination see 1. cazibe (attraction), 2. ekicilik.
fascism see faizm.
fashion see 1. moda, 2. yapmak (do, fulfil, make,
perform), 3. slup, 4. tarz (genre), 5. biim (form,
format, shape), 6. biimlendirmek.
fashionable see moda (fashion).
fast see 1. oru, 2. hzl (quick, swift), 3. sratli, 4.
sk, 5. seri (series), 6. ileri (advanced, forward),
7. abuk (quick), 8. salam, 9. sabit (constant,
fixed), 10. skca, 11. solmaz, 12. sratle, 13.
dayankl.
fat see 1. ya (oil), 2. dolgun, 3. yal, 4. iman, 5.
semiz, 6. tombul, 7. ikin, 8. besili, 9. iko.
fatal see 1. lmcl, 2. ldrc.
fate see 1. kader, 2. yazg, 3. son (end, final, finish,
last), 4. akbet, 5. alnyazs, 6. ksmet.
English - Turkish
father see 1. baba (dad), 2. tanr, 3. papaz (priest), 4.
peder, 5. ata, 6. Allah.
fatigue see 1. bitkinlik, 2. yormak, 3. yorgunluk.
fault see 1. arza, 2. kusur (defect), 3. hata (error), 4.
bozukluk (failure), 5. su (crime), 6. atlak, 7.
fay, 8. knamak, 9. kabahat, 10. yanllk.
faulty see 1. kusurlu (defective), 2. bozuk (broken),
3. hatal.
favour see 1. iltimas, 2. yardm (assistance, help), 3.
ltuf, 4. iyilik, 5. kayrma.
favourable see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable),
2. elverili, 3. lehte, 4. olumlu (positive).
favourite see 1. gzde, 2. sevgili (beloved, dear,
love), 3. favori.
fax see faks.
fear see 1. korku (apprehension), 2. korkmak, 3.
dehet, 4. endie (anxiety), 5. kayg.
fearful see 1. dehetli, 2. korkun (horrible,
terrible), 3. endieli, 4. rkek (shy), 5. mthi, 6.
kaygl, 7. korkak.
feasible see 1. mmkn, 2. olas, 3. yaplabilir.
feast see 1. bayram, 2. ziyafet, 3. len, 4. yortu.
feature see zellik (characteristic, property).
federal see federal.
federation see federasyon.
fee see cret.
feed see 1. beslemek, 2. yemek (eat, meal), 3.
beslenmek, 4. besleme, 5. yiyecek (food), 6. yem,
7. otlamak, 8. yedirmek.
feedback see geribildirim.
feeding see besleme.
feel see 1. hissetmek, 2. duygu (emotion, feeling,
sense), 3. duymak (hear), 4. anlamak (see,
understand), 5. his (sense), 6. hissetme, 7.
dokunmak (touch), 8. sezmek.
feeling see 1. duygu (emotion, sense), 2. his (sense),
3. izlenim (impression), 4. dokunma (touch), 5.
sezgi.
feet see ayaklar.
fell see 1. deri (leather, skin), 2. kesmek (cut), 3.
post (skin).
fellow see 1. adam (guy, man), 2. arkada
(companion, friend), 3. hemcins, 4. herif, 5.
akran, 6. dost (friend), 7. yolda, 8. e (match,
wife).
fellowship see 1. dernek (association), 2.
arkadalk.
felt see 1. ftr, 2. kee.
female see 1. kadn (woman), 2. dii.
feminism see feminizm.
fence see 1. it, 2. parmaklk.
ferry see feribot.
fertile see 1. bereketli, 2. verimli, 3. dourgan, 4.
retken (productive), 5. zengin (rich, wealthy).
fertility see 1. verimlilik (efficiency), 2.
dourganlk, 3. bereket (abundance).
551
festival see 1. festival, 2. enlik.

fetch see getirmek (bring).
feudal see feodal.
fever see 1. ate (fire), 2. heyecan, 3. tela.
few see az (little).
fibre see 1. karakter (character), 2. yap (structure),
3. lif, 4. tel (wire).
fiction see 1. uydurma, 2. kurgu, 3. icat, 4. masal.
field see 1. alan (area, domain, range, space), 2.
tarla, 3. saha, 4. otlak, 5. kr, 6. ayr, 7. mera.
fifth see beinci.
fifty see elli.
fig see incir.
fight see 1. kavga, 2. savamak, 3. dvmek, 4.
dv, 5. sava (battle).
fighter see 1. sava, 2. boksr, 3. kavgac.
figure see 1. ekil (shape), 2. figr, 3. ahsiyet, 4.
say (number), 5. rakam (number), 6. endam, 7.
fiyat (price), 8. sslemek, 9. resmetmek, 10.
resim (image, painting, picture).
file see 1. dosya (record), 2. klasr, 3. trplemek, 4.
trp, 5. ktk, 6. eelemek, 7. ee, 8.
dosyalamak, 9. sra (order, rank, sequence).
fill see 1. doldurmak, 2. doldurma, 3. dolmak, 4.
dolgu, 5. doyurmak, 6. imek.
filling see 1. doldurma, 2. doyurucu, 3. dolgu.
film see 1. film (movie), 2. zar (membrane).
filter see 1. szge, 2. szmek, 3. filtre, 4. szlmek.
filthy see 1. kirli (dirty), 2. pis (dirty).
final see 1. son (end, finish, last), 2. sonuncu, 3.
kesin (definite), 4. nihai, 5. final, 6. kati.
finally see 1. nihayet, 2. sonunda.
finance see maliye.
financial see 1. finansal, 2. parasal, 3. mali.
find see 1. bulmak (strike), 2. bulma, 3. Bul, 4.
bulgu, 5. bulu, 6. keif.
finding see karar (decision).
fine see 1. gzel (beautiful, fair, handsome, lovely,
pretty), 2. ince (thin), 3. iyi (good, okay, well), 4.
saf (absolute, clean, pure), 5. mkemmel
(excellent), 6. ho (pleasant), 7. ak (clear,
hassas.
finger see parmak.
finish see 1. son (end, final, last), 2. bitmek (end), 3.
bitirmek (complete, end), 4. cila, 5. cilalamak, 6.
biti.
finished see 1. bitmi, 2. tamamlanm, 3. tkenmi,
4. hazr, 5. mkemmel (excellent).
finishing see 1. bitirme, 2. tamamlama
(completion).
fire see 1. ate, 2. atelemek, 3. tututurmak, 4.
yakmak (burn), 5. yangn, 6. alev (flame), 7.
canlandrmak.
fireplace see 1. ocak, 2. mine.
firing see 1. ateleme, 2. yakma.
552
English - Turkish
firm see 1. sk, 2. irket, 3. firma, 4. kat (solid), 5.

sabit (constant, fixed), 6. salam, 7. sert (hard,
harsh), 8. dayankl.
first see 1. birinci, 2. ilk (initial, preliminary), 3. ba
(chief, head, master), 4. ncelikle.
firstly see nce (before).
fiscal see mali.
fish see balk.
fisher see balk.
fishing see balklk.
fist see yumruk.
fit see 1. uymak, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt,
suitable), 3. uyma, 4. uydurmak, 5. layk, 6. kriz
(attack, crisis), 7. hazrlamak, 8. formda, 9.
elverili, 10. zinde.
fitness see 1. salk, 2. uygunluk, 3. yetenek
(ability, capability).
fittings see tehizat.
five see be.
fix see 1. yerletirmek, 2. kararlatrmak, 3.
saptamak, 4. balamak (link, tie), 5. takmak, 6.
dzeltmek.
fixed see 1. sabit (constant), 2. deimez (constant),
3. kararlatrlm.
flag see 1. bayrak (banner), 2. sancak.
flame see 1. alev, 2. alevlenmek, 3. kzarmak.
flash see 1. fla, 2. lt, 3. parlt, 4. akmak, 5.
parlamak, 6. imek, 7. an (instant, moment).
flat see 1. dz (plain, smooth, straight), 2. bemol, 3.
kesin (definite), 4. durgun, 5. kat (multiple), 6.
kati, 7. donuk, 8. tatsz, 9. yass.
flavour see 1. tat, 2. eni, 3. lezzet.
fleet see 1. donanma, 2. filo.
flesh see 1. et (meat), 2. vcut (body), 3. beden
(body).
flexibility see 1. esneklik, 2. elastikiyet, 3. uysallk.
flexible see esnek.
flight see 1. uu, 2. ka, 3. uma, 4. firar.
floating see kayan.
flock see 1. sr (herd), 2. cemaat, 3. kalabalk, 4.
toplanmak, 5. mek, 6. yn (bulk, mass,
stack).
flood see 1. sel, 2. bolluk (abundance, plenty), 3.
takn, 4. tamak, 5. tufan.
floor see 1. taban (base), 2. zemin (ground), 3. kat
(multiple), 4. deme, 5. artmak, 6. Yer (earth,
ground, location, place, seat, space).
floppy see 1. disket, 2. gevek, 3. yumuak.
flora see flora.
flour see un.
flow see 1. akmak, 2. ak, 3. aknt, 4. cereyan, 5.
dolamak, 6. kabarma, 7. met, 8. tamak, 9. akn.
flower see 1. iek, 2. ieklenmek.
flu see grip.
fluid see 1. akkan, 2. akc, 3. sv.
fly see 1. sinek (club), 2. umak, 3. uurmak, 4. uu

(flight), 5. kamak (escape), 6. Uma.
flying see 1. uu (flight), 2. havaclk, 3. uan.
foam see 1. kpk, 2. kprmek.
focus see 1. odak, 2. odaklamak.
focusing see odaklama.
fog see 1. sis, 2. duman (smoke), 3. karartmak, 4.
artmak.
foliage see yapraklar.
folk see 1. ahali, 2. halk (people), 3. millet.
follow see izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail).
following see 1. ertesi, 2. mteakip, 3. aadaki.
food see 1. yiyecek, 2. gda, 3. besin, 4. yemek (eat,
feed, meal), 5. yem.
fool see ahmak (stupid).
foolish see 1. aklsz, 2. sama (absurd), 3. ahmak
(stupid), 4. aptal, 5. budalaca.
foot see 1. ayak, 2. dip (bottom).
football see 1. futbol (soccer), 2. ayaktopu.
for see 1. iin, 2. nk, 3. yznden, 4. zira, 5.
nedeniyle.
forbidden see 1. yasak, 2. yasaklanm.
force see 1. kuvvet (strength), 2. zorlamak, 3. g
(energy, power, strength), 4. zor (difficult), 5.
sktrmak, 6. bask, 7. kudret, 8. zorlama
(constraint), 9. etki (action, effect, impact,
influence), 10. iddet (violence).
forced see 1. zoraki, 2. zorunlu (compulsory,
mandatory), 3. mecburi.
forecast see tahmin.
forehead see aln.
foreign see 1. yabanc, 2. d.
forest see 1. orman, 2. aalandrmak.
forever see 1. daima (always), 2. ebediyen.
forget see unutmak.
forgive see 1. affetmek (excuse, pardon), 2.
balamak (excuse).
fork see 1. atal, 2. atallamak, 3. yaba, 4.
ayrlmak.
form see 1. biim (format, shape), 2. form, 3. snf
(class), 4. ekil (figure, shape), 5. oluturmak, 6.
tarz (genre), 7. kurmak (build, found, install), 8.
kalp (cast), 9. biimlendirmek, 10. yntem
(method).
formal see 1. biimsel, 2. resmi.
format see 1. biim (form, shape), 2. biimlemek, 3.
format.
formation see 1. oluum, 2. dzen (order), 3.
formasyon.
former see 1. nceki, 2. eski (old), 3. sabk, 4.
gemi (past).
formerly see 1. eskiden, 2. nceden.
formidable see 1. korkun (horrible, terrible), 2.
mthi, 3. zorlu.
formula see 1. forml, 2. reete (prescription).
fort see 1. kale (castle, goal), 2. hisar.
English - Turkish
forthcoming see 1. gelecek, 2. hazr, 3.
nmzdeki.
fortunate see 1. ansl, 2. talihli.
fortune see 1. ksmet, 2. talih, 3. servet, 4. ans, 5.
baht, 6. kader (fate).
forty see krk.
forum see 1. forum, 2. mahkeme (tribunal).
forward see 1. gndermek (send), 2. ileri
(advanced), 3. ileriye, 4. iletmek, 5. ndeki.
fossil see 1. fosil, 2. khne, 3. tal.
foster see 1. beslemek (feed), 2. bytmek (expand).
found see kurmak (build, install).
foundation see 1. temel (base, basic, elementary),
2. vakf, 3. tesis, 4. kurma, 5. esas.
founder see 1. batmak, 2. kurucu, 3. kmek, 4.
dkmc.
fountain see 1. fskiye, 2. kaynak (origin, resource,
source), 3. eme, 4. pnar, 5. memba.
four see drt.
fourth see drdnc.
fox see 1. tilki, 2. aldatmak (trick).
fraction see kesir.
fragile see 1. krlgan, 2. narin, 3. ince (fine, thin), 4.
nazik.
fragment see 1. krnt, 2. para (component, item,
part, piece, portion, segment), 3. ksm (section),
4. paralanmak.
frail see zayf.
frame see 1. ereve, 2. beden (body), 3. uydurmak,
4. kurmak (build, found, install), 5. kare (square),
6. iskelet (framework, skeleton), 7. erevelemek,
8. at, 9. gvde (body).
framework see 1. iskelet (skeleton), 2. at.
franchise see 1. imtiyaz (concession), 2. hak, 3.
ayrcalk (privilege).
frank see 1. ak (clear, explicit, free, light, open,
plain, shortage), 2. samimi.
frankly see 1. aka, 2. akas.
fraud see 1. hile, 2. dolandrclk, 3. dolandrc.
free see 1. bo (blank, empty, vacant), 2. bedava, 3.
serbest, 4. zgr, 5. ak (clear, explicit, light,
open, plain, shortage), 6. cretsiz, 7. parasz, 8.
hr, 9. teklifsiz, 10. doal (natural), 11. cmert,
12. bamsz (independent), 13. azade, 14.
kurtarmak (save).
freedom see 1. zgrlk (liberty), 2. hrriyet, 3.
bamszlk (independence), 4. irade, 5.
laubalilik.
freely see serbeste.
freezing see 1. dondurucu, 2. dondurma (ice), 3.
donma.
freight see 1. navlun, 2. yk (load), 3. nakliye, 4.
tama.
frequency see 1. frekans, 2. sklk.
553
fresh see 1. taze, 2. yeni (new, novel), 3. temiz

(clean, clear), 4. kstah, 5. canl (alive, live,
lively, living), 6. din, 7. arsz, 8. acemi, 9. krpe.
fridge see buzdolab.
friend see 1. arkada (companion), 2. ahbap, 3. dost,
4. yardmc (assistant).
friendly see dosta.
friendship see 1. arkadalk, 2. dostluk.
frightened see 1. korkmu, 2. rkm.
fringe see 1. perem, 2. saak.
frog see kurbaa.
front see 1. n, 2. cephe, 3. yz (face, hundred), 4.
ynelmek, 5. ndeki.
frontier see 1. snr (border, boundary, limit), 2.
hudut.
frost see 1. ayaz, 2. don, 3. kra, 4. baarszlk.
frozen see 1. donmu, 2. souk (bleak, cold).
fruit see 1. meyve, 2. rn (crop, product), 3. sonu
(effect, outcome, result).
frustration see 1. hsran, 2. asabiyet.
fuck see 1. sikmek, 2. sikme.
fuel see 1. yakt, 2. benzin (gas, petrol), 3. yakacak.
fulfil see yapmak (do, make, perform).
fulfilment see yapma.
full see 1. dolu, 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete,
exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. tm (all), 4. bol
(abundant, ample), 5. tok.
fully see tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely).
fun see 1. elence (amusement), 2. aka, 3. zevk.
function see 1. fonksiyon, 2. ilev, 3. ilemek, 4.
grev (task), 5. i (action, affair, deed, job, work).
functional see 1. ilevsel, 2. fonksiyonel.
fund see 1. fon, 2. sermaye, 3. stok (store).
fundamental see 1. temel (base, basic, elementary,
foundation), 2. ana (chief, main, major, master,
principal).
funding see fonlama.
funds see para (cash, currency, money).
funeral see 1. defin, 2. gmme, 3. cenaze.
funny see 1. komik, 2. tuhaf, 3. garip, 4. gln, 5.
acayip (peculiar).
fur see 1. krk, 2. post (skin).
furious see 1. kzgn (angry), 2. iddetli (bitter), 3.
azgn.
furniture see 1. mobilya, 2. eya.
furthermore see ayrca.
fury see hiddet (anger).
fusion see 1. erime, 2. kaynama.
fuss see yaygara.
future see 1. gelecek, 2. mstakbel, 3. istikbal.
554
English - Turkish
G
gain see 1. kazan (proceeds), 2. artma, 3. ulamak
(reach), 4. kazanmak (win), 5. yarar (advantage,
benefit), 6. ilerleme (advance, advancement), 7.
fayda, 8. art (increase), 9. ilerlemek (advance).
galaxy see 1. galaksi, 2. gkada, 3. samanyolu.
gall see 1. d, 2. safra (bile), 3. kstahlk, 4. kin, 5.
kabalk, 6. maz.
gallery see 1. galeri, 2. dehliz, 3. sergi, 4. tnel.
game see 1. oyun, 2. topal, 3. av (hunt), 4. ma, 5.
sakat.
gang see 1. takm (set, team), 2. ete, 3. ekip, 4. sr
(flock, herd).
gap see 1. aralk (interval, space), 2. boluk (blank,
vacuum), 3. ayrlk (separation), 4. yark, 5.
aklk, 6. geit.
garage see garaj.
garden see bahe.
gardener see bahvan.
garlic see sarmsak.
garment see 1. giysi (costume), 2. elbise (clothes,
dress).
gas see 1. benzin (petrol), 2. gaz, 3. samalamak, 4.
havagaz.
gate see 1. kap (door), 2. geit.
gather see 1. toplamak (add, collect, pick, raise), 2.
biriktirmek, 3. kazanmak (win), 4. toplanmak.
gathering see 1. toplant, 2. topluluk (community),
3. toplama (addition, collection), 4. apse, 5.
toplanma.
gauge see 1. l (measure), 2. mastar, 3. ayar, 4.
kalibre, 5. lmek (measure), 6. tartmak.
gay see 1. en, 2. neeli, 3. ibne, 4. canl (alive, live,
lively, living), 5. keyifli.
gear see 1. vites, 2. dili, 3. uymak (fit), 4.
uydurmak, 5. tertibat, 6. takm (set, team), 7.
eya, 8. donanm (hardware).
gender see cinsiyet (sex).
gene see gen.
general see 1. genel (public), 2. general, 3. umumi,
4. yaygn.
generally see 1. genellikle (usually), 2. genelde.
generate see 1. retmek, 2. oluturmak, 3.
dourmak.
generation see 1. kuak (belt), 2. retim
(production), 3. nesil, 4. retme.
generic see 1. genel (general, public), 2. soysal.
generosity see cmertlik.
generous see 1. cmert, 2. verimli (fertile), 3. bol
(abundant, ample).
genius see 1. deha, 2. dahi (too).
genre see 1. tarz, 2. tr (kind, species, type).

gentle see 1. kibar, 2. nazik, 3. tatl (sweet), 4.
yumuak.
gentleman see 1. bey, 2. centilmen, 3. beyefendi, 4.
bay.
gently see nazike.
genuine see 1. gerek (actual, fact, real, true), 2.
samimi, 3. hakiki, 4. zgn (original), 5. saf
(absolute, clean, pure).
geographical see corafi.
geography see corafya.
geology see jeoloji.
geometric see geometrik.
gesture see jest.
get see 1. almak (accept, buy, have, receive, take), 2.
varmak (arrive), 3. olmak (become, happen), 4.
gtrmek, 5. anlamak (see, understand), 6.
ettirmek, 7. yaptrmak, 8. getirmek (bring, fetch),
9. hazrlamak.
ghost see 1. hayalet, 2. hortlak, 3. iz (trace, track,
trail), 4. ruh (soul).
giant see dev.
gift see 1. hediye (present), 2. armaan (present), 3.
hibe, 4. yetenek (ability, capability), 5. ba.
gill see solunga.
girl see 1. kz, 2. sevgili (beloved, dear, love).
give see 1. vermek (grant), 2. esneklik.
given see 1. verilmi, 2. belirli (definite, specific).
glad see 1. memnun (happy), 2. sevinli, 3. honut.
glamorous see 1. byleyici (fascinating), 2. ekici.
glass see 1. cam, 2. bardak, 3. kadeh, 4. mercek
(lens), 5. ayna (mirror).
glasses see gzlk (spectacles).
global see 1. kresel, 2. evrensel (universal), 3.
genel (general, public), 4. global.
gloom see 1. karanlk, 2. sknt, 3. hzn, 4. kasvet.
gloomy see 1. kasvetli, 2. karanlk, 3. lo, 4. skc
(boring).
glorious see 1. anl, 2. erefli.
glory see 1. an, 2. eref, 3. ihtiam, 4. grkem, 5.
hale, 6. n (fame).
glossy see parlak (shiny).
glow see 1. kzarmak, 2. evk, 3. ate (fire), 4.
yanmak (burn).
glucose see glikoz.
go see 1. gitmek, 2. gidi, 3. gitme, 4. giriim
(interference).
goal see 1. hedef (aim, destination, objective, target),
2. kale (castle), 3. ama (aim, intent, object,
objective, purpose, target), 4. gol, 5. erek (end),
6. gaye (aim).
goalkeeper see kaleci.
going see 1. gidi, 2. gitme, 3. ileyen, 4. ayrl.
gold see 1. altn, 2. servet.
golden see altn (gold).
English - Turkish
golf see golf.
good see 1. iyi (fine, okay, well), 2. gzel (beautiful,
fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 3. uslu, 4.
salam, 5. yerinde, 6. yararl, 7. uygun
(appropriate, apt, suitable), 8. fayda, 9. ok
(many, much, very), 10. gvenilir.
goodbye see allahasmarladk.
goodness see iyilik.
goods see 1. eya, 2. mal.
gorgeous see 1. harika (wonderful), 2. muhteem, 3.
parlak (shiny).
gossip see 1. dedikodu, 2. gevezelik.
gothic see gotik.
government see 1. hkmet (administration), 2.
ynetim (administration, management), 3.
ynetme, 4. devlet (state), 5. idare (management).
governor see 1. patron (boss), 2. vali, 3. baba (dad,
father), 4. ynetici (administrator, director,
manager).
gown see cppe.
grab see 1. kapmak, 2. kapma, 3. kavramak (grip), 4.
kap, 5. gasp.
grace see 1. ltuf, 2. sslemek, 3. zarafet, 4. nezaket
(courtesy), 5. ereflendirmek.
grade see 1. derece (degree), 2. eim, 3.
snflandrmak (sort), 4. snf (class), 5. rtbe, 6.
aama, 7. basamak (step), 8. derecelendirmek.
gradient see 1. eim, 2. meyil, 3. irtifa.
graduate see mezun.
grain see 1. tane, 2. tahl, 3. zerre.
grammar see 1. dilbilgisi, 2. gramer.
grand see 1. byk (big, great, large, major), 2.
muhteem, 3. ulu, 4. ba (chief, head, master), 5.
ana (chief, main, major, master, principal), 6.
nemli (important, significant, substantial), 7.
grandfather see 1. dede, 2. bykbaba.
grandmother see 1. bykanne, 2. nine, 3.
anneanne.
granite see granit.
grant see 1. vermek (give), 2. ba, 3. bahetmek, 4.
onaylamak (accept, approve, confirm), 5.
balamak (excuse, forgive).
graph see 1. grafik (chart), 2. izge.
graphic see 1. canl (alive, live, lively, living), 2.
grafik (chart, graph).
grasp see 1. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 2. anlamak
(see, understand), 3. yakalamak (catch, grip,
trap), 4. kavramak (grip), 5. kavrama.
grass see 1. ot, 2. imen, 3. otlak, 4. ayr, 5. im, 6.
otlamak, 7. marihuana, 8. esrar.
grateful see 1. minnettar, 2. mteekkir, 3. makbul.
gratitude see 1. minnettarlk, 2. kran.
grave see 1. ar (heavy, serious), 2. mezar.
gravel see 1. akl, 2. artmak.
555
gravity see 1. arlk (weight), 2. nem, 3.

yerekimi.
gray see gri (grey).
great see 1. byk (big, grand, large, major), 2.
greatly see 1. adamakll, 2. ok (many, much,
very).
green see 1. yeil, 2. ham (raw), 3. toy.
greenhouse see 1. sera, 2. limonluk.
grey see 1. gri (gray), 2. kr, 3. krlamak, 4.
aarmak, 5. klrengi, 6. boz.
grid see zgara.
grief see 1. keder, 2. ac (bitter, distress, sorrow), 3.
znt, 4. dert.
grim see acmasz.
grin see 1. srtmak, 2. srtma.
grip see 1. kavramak, 2. yakalamak (catch, trap), 3.
etkilemek, 4. kavrama, 5. sap (handle, stem), 6.
kulp (handle), 7. ekmek (drag, draw, pull).
gross see 1. brt, 2. kaba (coarse, crude, rough), 3.
iko, 4. hantal.
ground see 1. toprak (earth, land, soil), 2. yer (earth,
location, place, seat, space), 3. zemin (floor), 4.
saha (field), 5. topraklamak, 6. temel (base, basic,
elementary, foundation), 7. yeryz (earth), 8.
ekilmi.
grounds see tortu.
group see 1. grup (bunch, set), 2. kme (cluster), 3.
gruplamak, 4. bek, 5. topluluk (community), 6.
heyet (committee).
grow see 1. bymek, 2. olmak (become, get,
happen).
growing see 1. byme (growth), 2. yetitirme, 3.
gelime.
growth see 1. byme, 2. gelime, 3. ur, 4. rn
(crop, product).
guarantee see 1. garanti, 2. teminat, 3. gvence
(assurance), 4. kefil.
guard see 1. beki, 2. korumak (maintain, protect,
shield), 3. nbeti, 4. gardiyan, 5. koruma
(conservation, protection), 6. korunmak, 7.
muhafz, 8. gard.
guardian see 1. veli, 2. vasi, 3. gardiyan, 4.
koruyucu, 5. muhafz.
guess see 1. sanmak (suppose, think), 2. tahmin
(forecast), 3. zannetmek, 4. san.
guest see 1. konuk, 2. misafir, 3. davetli.
guidance see rehberlik.
guide see 1. rehber, 2. klavuz.
guilt see 1. su (crime), 2. sululuk.
guilty see 1. sulu, 2. kabahatli.
guitar see gitar.
gulf see 1. uurum (cliff), 2. krfez, 3. girdap.
gun see 1. tfek (rifle), 2. top (ball), 3. tabanca, 4.
silah (weapon).
556
English - Turkish
gut see barsak.

guy see 1. adam (fellow, man), 2. herif.
H
habit see 1. alkanlk, 2. det.
hair see 1. sa, 2. kl, 3. ty (pile).
half see 1. buuk, 2. yarm, 3. yar.
hall see 1. hol, 2. koridor (corridor), 3. salon, 4.
yemekhane.
halt see 1. durma (stop), 2. durmak (cease, stand,
stop), 3. duru, 4. durdurmak (stop), 5. Dur.
ham see jambon.
hammer see 1. eki, 2. tokmak, 3. ekilemek.
hand see 1. el, 2. alk, 3. yardm (assistance, help),
4. parmak (finger), 5. uzatmak (extend, reach), 6.
taraf, 7. ibre, 8. hevenk, 9. amele, 10. usta
(skilled).
handicap see engel (barrier).
handkerchief see mendil.
handle see 1. sap (stem), 2. kulp, 3. kabza, 4.
tutamak, 5. kol (arm), 6. kullanmak (employ,
use), 7. tutama, 8. dokunmak (touch), 9.
ellemek.
handling see dokunma (touch).
handsome see 1. gzel (beautiful, fair, fine, lovely,
pretty), 2. yakkl, 3. cmert, 4. bol (abundant,
ample).
handy see 1. hazr, 2. kullanl, 3. pratik, 4. yakn
(near).
hang see 1. asmak, 2. aslmak.
hanging see asma.
happen see olmak (become, get).
happening see 1. olay (event, fact, incident), 2.
hadise.
happily see mutlulukla.
happiness see 1. mutluluk, 2. saadet.
happy see 1. mutlu, 2. memnun (glad), 3. sevinli,
4. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 5. mesut, 6.
bahtiyar.
harassment see usandrma.
harbour see 1. liman (port), 2. barndrmak, 3.
snak (refuge), 4. barnak.
hard see 1. sert (harsh), 2. ar (heavy, serious), 3.
zor (difficult), 4. g (energy, force, power,
strength), 5. kat (solid), 6. zalim, 7. sk, 8.
iddetli (bitter), 9. merhametsiz, 10. etin, 11.
eki.
hardly see ancak (barely, but, however, only,
scarcely).
hardship see 1. cefa, 2. sknt.
hardware see 1. donanm, 2. hrdavat.
hardy see 1. dayankl, 2. gl, 3. atlgan.
harm see 1. zarar (loss), 2. ktlk (evil), 3.

incitmek, 4. hasar, 5. ziyan.
harmful see 1. muzr, 2. zararl.
harmless see zararsz.
harmony see 1. ahenk (accord), 2. uyum, 3. armoni.
harsh see 1. sert (hard), 2. hain, 3. kaba (coarse,
crude, gross, rough).
harvest see 1. hasat, 2. bimek, 3. rn (crop,
product), 4. harman, 5. semere, 6. sonu (effect,
outcome, result).
hastily see alelacele.
hat see apka.
hate see 1. nefret (hatred), 2. kin.
hatred see 1. nefret (hate), 2. kin, 3. dmanlk.
have see almak (accept, buy, get, receive, take).
hay see saman (straw).
hazard see 1. tehlike (danger), 2. risk (risk), 3. ans.
hazardous see tehlikeli (dangerous).
he see 1. o, 2. erkek (male, man).
head see 1. kafa, 2. ba (chief, master), 3. akl
(intelligence, mind), 4. kelle, 5. lider (leader), 6.
tepe (hill), 7. zirve (height, peak, summit), 8.
ynetmek, 9. tura, 10. konu (matter, subject,
topic), 11. ef, 12. bakan (chairman, president),
13. reis.
heading see 1. balk, 2. konu (matter, subject,
topic).
headline see balk (heading).
health see salk.
healthy see 1. salkl, 2. salam.
heap see 1. yn (bulk, mass, stack), 2. ymak
(stack), 3. kme (cluster, group).
hear see 1. duymak, 2. iitmek, 3. dinlemek (listen),
4. renmek (learn).
hearing see 1. iitme, 2. oturum (session), 3. celse,
4. duruma.
heart see 1. kalp, 2. yrek, 3. gnl, 4. Kupa, 5.
cesaret (courage).
heat see 1. s, 2. scaklk, 3. snmak, 4. stmak
(warm), 5. fke (anger), 6. kzmak, 7. kzgnlk
(anger), 8. azma, 9. hararet.
heater see 1. stc, 2. tabanca.
heath see funda.
heating see stma.
heaven see cennet (paradise).
heavy see 1. ar (serious), 2. iddetli (bitter), 3.
zc, 4. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough), 5.
g (energy, force, power, strength), 6. frtnal,
7. ciddi (serious), 8. nemli (important,
significant, substantial).
hedge see 1. it (fence), 2. engel (barrier).
heel see 1. topuk, 2. ke.
height see 1. ykseklik, 2. zirve (peak, summit), 3.
doruk (peak, summit), 4. irtifa, 5. tepe (hill).
heir see 1. miras, 2. varis.
helicopter see helikopter.
English - Turkish
hell see cehennem.
hello see 1. merhaba (hi), 2. alo, 3. selam, 4. Hey.
helmet see 1. kask, 2. balk (heading), 3. mifer, 4.
tolga.
help see 1. yardm (assistance), 2. imdat, 3. yardmc
(assistant), 4. muavenet, 5. hizmeti, 6. are, 7.
muavin, 8. yardm, 9. kurtarmak (save).
helpful see 1. faydal, 2. yararl, 3. yardmsever.
helping see porsiyon (portion).
helpless see 1. aciz, 2. aresiz, 3. beceriksiz.
hemisphere see yarkre.
hence see buradan.
herd see sr (flock).
here see 1. burada, 2. buraya.
heritage see miras.
hero see 1. kahraman, 2. yiit, 3. alp.
heroic see kahramanca.
heroin see eroin.
hesitation see 1. duraksama, 2. tereddt.
hi see merhaba (hello).
hidden see 1. gizli (confidential), 2. sakl.
hide see 1. gizlemek, 2. saklanmak, 3. post (skin), 4.
Gizle, 5. gizlenmek, 6. cilt (skin, volume), 7.
saklamak (save, store), 8. deri (leather, skin).
hiding see 1. dayak, 2. gizlenme, 3. saklanma.
hierarchical see hiyerarik.
hierarchy see hiyerari.
high see 1. yksek (loud, tall), 2. yce.
highlight see vurgulamak.
highly see ok (many, much, very).
highway see 1. anayol, 2. karayolu, 3. otoyol.
hill see 1. tepe, 2. yn (bulk, mass, stack), 3.
yoku.
hillside see yama.
hint see 1. ipucu, 2. tlatmak, 3. ima, 4.
dokundurmak, 5. iaret (sign, signal).
hip see kala.
hire see 1. kiralamak, 2. kiralama, 3. kira.
historian see tarihi.
historic see 1. tarihi (historical), 2. nemli
(important, significant, substantial), 3. tarihsel.
historical see 1. tarihi, 2. tarihsel.
history see 1. tarih (date), 2. gemi (past).
hit see 1. vurmak, 2. isabet, 3. baar (achievement,
success), 4. vuru (stroke), 5. darbe, 6. ans, 7.
ulamak (reach), 8. varmak (arrive, get), 9.
vurma, 10. arpmak.
hobby see 1. hobi, 2. merak (curiosity).
hold see 1. tutmak (keep, retain), 2. tutma, 3. ambar
(store, warehouse), 4. alkoymak, 5. almak
(accept, buy, get, have, receive, take), 6. nfuz, 7.
tutu.
holder see 1. sahip (lord, owner), 2. hamil, 3. kulp
(handle).
holding see 1. mal, 2. tutma (hold).
557
hole see 1. delik, 2. ukur (pit), 3. oyuk, 4. boluk

(blank, gap, vacuum), 5. hcre (cell), 6. in.
holiday see 1. tatil, 2. bayram.
holland see Hollanda.
holly see obanpskl.
holy see 1. kutsal (sacred), 2. mbarek.
home see 1. ev (house), 2. yurt, 3. vatan, 4. yuva
(nest), 5. eve, 6. evde.
homework see dev.
homosexual see 1. homoseksel, 2. ecinsel.
honest see 1. drst, 2. namuslu, 3. doru (accurate,
correct, right, true), 4. gvenilir.
honestly see 1. gerekten (indeed, really), 2.
sahiden, 3. drste.
honesty see 1. drstlk, 2. namus, 3. doruluk
(accuracy, truth), 4. gzlkotu.
honey see 1. bal, 2. canm, 3. ekerim, 4. tatlm.
honorary see 1. onursal, 2. fahri.
honour see 1. onur, 2. eref, 3. namus.
honourable see 1. namuslu, 2. onurlu.
hood see 1. balk (heading), 2. kaput, 3. kukuleta.
hook see 1. engel, 2. kopa, 3. kanca, 4. almak
(steal), 5. armak (steal), 6. engellemek.
hope see 1. ummak, 2. umut, 3. mit, 4. beklemek
(expect, wait).
hopeful see umutlu.
hopefully see 1. inallah, 2. umutla.
hopeless see 1. umutsuz, 2. mitsiz.
horizon see ufuk.
horizontal see 1. yatay (landscape), 2. dz (flat,
plain, smooth, straight).
horn see 1. boynuz, 2. korna, 3. boru (pipe, tube), 4.
klakson.
horrible see 1. korkun (terrible), 2. berbat, 3.
iren.
horror see 1. dehet, 2. korku (apprehension, fear),
3. nefret (hate, hatred).
horse see 1. at, 2. beygir, 3. aygr, 4. eroin.
hospital see 1. hastane, 2. darlaceze.
hospitality see 1. konukseverlik, 2.
misafirperverlik.
host see 1. hanc, 2. ordu (army), 3. otelci, 4.
kalabalk.
hostile see dmanca.
hostility see dmanlk.
hot see 1. scak (warm), 2. taze (fresh), 3. ac (bitter,
distress, grief, sorrow), 4. ehvetli, 5. yeni (new,
novel), 6. iddetli (bitter), 7. sert (hard, harsh), 8.
kzgn (angry), 9. ateli.
hotel see otel.
hour see 1. saat (clock, o'clock, time), 2. vakit, 3.
zaman (time).
house see 1. ev (home), 2. mesken, 3. aile (family),
4. barndrmak, 5. konut.
housing see evler.
558
English - Turkish
how see 1. nasl, 2. ne.

however see ancak (barely, but, hardly, only,
scarcely).
huge see 1. kocaman, 2. muazzam.
hull see 1. gvde (body), 2. tekne.
human see 1. insan (man), 2. insani.
humanity see 1. insanlk, 2. insan (man).
humble see alakgnll (modest).
humour see 1. miza, 2. mizah, 3. gldr, 4. huy,
5. keyif, 6. komiklik, 7. salg, 8. glnlk.
hundred see yz (face).
hunger see 1. alk, 2. ackmak, 3. zlem.
hungry see a.
hunt see 1. avlamak, 2. av, 3. avlanmak, 4. aramak
(search, seek).
hunter see avc.
hurricane see kasrga.
hurried see 1. acele, 2. telal.
hurry see 1. acele, 2. tela.
hurt see 1. acmak (pity), 2. actmak, 3. armak, 4.
incitmek.
husband see 1. koca, 2. e (match, wife).
hut see kulbe (cabin, cottage).
hydrogen see hidrojen.
hypothesis see 1. hipotez, 2. kuram (theory), 3.
varsaym.
I
ice see 1. buz, 2. dondurma, 3. dondurmak, 4.
prlanta.
icy see buzlu.
idea see 1. fikir (conception, opinion), 2. dnce.
ideal see 1. ideal, 2. lk.
identical see 1. zde, 2. tpk, 3. ayn (same).
identification see 1. kimlik (identity), 2. tanma
(recognition), 3. tehis, 4. hviyet.
identifier see tantc.
identity see 1. kimlik (identification), 2. zdelik, 3.
aynlk, 4. benzerlik (analogy, similarity), 5.
hviyet.
ideology see ideoloji.
idiot see 1. aptal, 2. ahmak (stupid).
idle see 1. aylak, 2. bo (blank, empty, free, vacant).
if see 1. eer, 2. ise.
ignorance see 1. cehalet, 2. bilgisizlik, 3. cahillik.
ignorant see 1. cahil, 2. bilgisiz.
ignore see 1. yoksaymak, 2. aldrmamak.
ill see 1. hasta (sick), 2. kt (bad, evil, poor), 3.
ktlk (evil), 4. zararl, 5. rahatsz, 6. hastalk, 7.
glkle, 8. fena (evil, poor), 9. rahatszlk.
illegal see 1. geersiz, 2. illegal, 3. kanunsuz, 4.
yasad.
illness see hastalk.

illusion see 1. yanlsama, 2. hayal.
illustrate see 1. tanmlamak (define), 2. resimlemek.
illustration see 1. rnek (example, model, sample),
2. resim (image, painting, picture).
image see 1. grnt (picture), 2. resim (painting,
picture), 3. put, 4. imge, 5. imaj, 6. heykel
(statue), 7. hayal, 8. ekil (figure, shape), 9.
kopya (copy).
imaginary see 1. sanal (virtual), 2. hayali.
imagination see 1. imgelem, 2. hayal, 3. kuruntu.
imaginative see yaratc.
imitation see 1. taklit (false), 2. imitasyon, 3. suni.
immediate see 1. acil (pressing, urgent), 2. Hemen
(immediately), 3. imdiki, 4. yakn (near).
immediately see 1. hemen, 2. derhal.
immigration see g.
immune see 1. bak, 2. muaf.
immunity see 1. baklk, 2. dokunulmazlk, 3.
muafiyet.
impact see 1. etki (action, effect, influence), 2.
arpma (collision), 3. arpma, 4. vuru (stroke).
impatient see 1. sabrsz, 2. tahammlsz.
impetus see 1. hz (speed), 2. iddet (violence).
implement see 1. alet (instrument, tool), 2. ara
(instrument, means, tool), 3. tamamlamak
(complete), 4. gerekletirmek (realize), 5.
uygulamak (apply).
implementation see 1. uygulama (application), 2.
gerekletirme.
implication see 1. ierme, 2. ima, 3. kartrma, 4.
bulatrma.
implicit see 1. kesin (definite), 2. rtk, 3. tam
precise, very).
implied see rtk.
import see 1. nem, 2. ithalat, 3. anlam (meaning,
sense, significance), 4. belirtmek (specify), 5.
ithal.
importance see 1. nem, 2. ehemmiyet, 3. itibar.
important see 1. nemli (significant, substantial), 2.
mhim, 3. kibirli (arrogant), 4. nfuzlu.
imposing see 1. heybetli, 2. azametli, 3. etkileyici.
imposition see 1. aldatma, 2. vergi (tax), 3.
ykleme.
impossible see 1. ekilmez, 2. olanaksz.
impress see 1. etkilemek, 2. iz (trace, track, trail), 3.
damga (seal, stamp), 4. kamulatrmak.
impression see 1. izlenim, 2. bask, 3. etki (action,
effect, impact, influence).
impressive see etkileyici.
imprisonment see hapsetme.
improve see 1. gelimek, 2. gelitirmek, 3.
dzeltmek, 4. dzelmek, 5. ilerletmek (advance).
improved see iyiletirilmi.
English - Turkish
improvement see 1. gelime, 2. ilerleme (advance,
advancement).
impulse see 1. drt, 2. itepi, 3. itme.
in see 1. iinde (within), 2. moda (fashion), 3. ieri,
4. ieriye.
inadequate see 1. yetersiz (insufficient), 2. eksik
(missing).
incapable see 1. yeteneksiz, 2. ehliyetsiz, 3.
kabiliyetsiz.
incentive see 1. gd (motivation, motive), 2. drt.
inch see 1. in, 2. parmak (finger).
incidence see isabet (hit).
incident see 1. olay (event, fact), 2. hadise.
incidentally see tesadfen.
inclination see 1. eilim (trend), 2. eiklik, 3. eim,
4. heves, 5. meyil.
inclined see 1. meyilli, 2. eik, 3. eilimli, 4. yatkn.
include see 1. iermek, 2. kapsamak, 3. katmak.
included see 1. dahil, 2. iinde (within).
including see dahil.
inclusion see kapsama.
income see 1. gelir, 2. kazan (gain, proceeds).
incomplete see 1. bitmemi, 2. eksik (missing), 3.
kusurlu (defective).
inconsistent see 1. tutarsz, 2. kararsz, 3. aykr, 4.
uyumaz.
incorporated see anonim (anonymous).
incorrect see 1. yanl (false), 2. hatal.
increase see 1. artrmak, 2. art, 3. artmak, 4. artma,
5. oaltmak, 6. oalmak, 7. ykseltmek (raise),
8. oalma, 9. byme (growth), 10. bymek.
incredible see inanlmaz.
indeed see 1. gerekten (really), 2. hakikaten, 3.
dorusu, 4. cidden.
indemnity see tazminat.
independence see 1. bamszlk, 2. hrriyet, 3.
serbestlik.
independent see 1. bamsz, 2. serbest (free), 3.
hr, 4. zgr (free).
index see 1. indeks, 2. dizin, 3. gsterge (indicator),
4. iaret (sign, signal), 5. fihrist.
indicate see 1. gstermek (point, represent, show),
2. belirtmek (specify), 3. imlemek.
indication see 1. iaret (sign, signal), 2. belirti
(symptom), 3. gsterme.
indicator see 1. gsterge, 2. Belirte, 3. indikatr.
indifference see 1. ilgisizlik, 2. aldrmazlk, 3.
kaytszlk, 4. duygusuzluk, 5. hissizlik.
indifferent see 1. ilgisiz, 2. kaytsz, 3. farksz, 4.
vasat, 5. aldrsz, 6. nemsiz (minor, trivial).
indigenous see yerli.
indirect see 1. dolayl, 2. dolambal.
individual see 1. bireysel, 2. birey, 3. tek (odd,
single, unique), 4. zel (particular, private,
559
special), 5. ahs (person), 6. fert, 7. kiisel

(personal), 8. kii (person).
indoor see dahili.
induce see kandrmak.
induction see tmevarm.
industrial see endstriyel.
industry see 1. endstri, 2. sanayi, 3. alkanlk, 4.
gayret (effort).
ineffective see 1. etkisiz, 2. kabiliyetsiz, 3.
sonusuz.
inefficient see 1. etkisiz (ineffective), 2. verimsiz,
3. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient), 4. tesirsiz, 5.
ehliyetsiz.
inequality see 1. farkllk, 2. eitsizlik.
inevitable see 1. aresiz, 2. kanlmaz.
inexperienced see 1. acemi, 2. deneyimsiz, 3.
tecrbesiz.
infant see 1. ocuk (child, youngster), 2. bebek
(baby, doll).
infantry see piyade.
infection see 1. enfeksiyon, 2. bulama, 3.
bulatrma.
inferior see 1. alt (bottom), 2. aa (below, down).
infinite see 1. sonsuz (endless), 2. snrsz.
infinitive see mastar.
inflation see 1. enflasyon, 2. ikinlik.
influence see 1. etki (action, effect, impact), 2.
etkilemek, 3. nfuz, 4. tesir, 5. torpil.
influential see etkili.
inform see bildirmek.
informal see teklifsiz.
information see 1. bilgi (knowledge), 2.
enformasyon, 3. danma, 4. haber, 5. malumat.
informed see 1. bilgili, 2. haberdar, 3. tahsilli.
infrastructure see altyap.
inherent see isel.
inheritance see 1. kalt, 2. miras, 3. kaltm.
inhibition see 1. ekingenlik, 2. engelleme.
initial see 1. ilk (first, preliminary), 2. balang
(beginning, origin, start).
initially see balangta.
initiative see 1. giriim (interference), 2. balatan.
injection see enjeksiyon.
injured see yaral.
injury see 1. hasar, 2. yara, 3. zarar (loss), 4. ziyan.
injustice see 1. adaletsizlik, 2. insafszlk, 3.
hakszlk.
ink see 1. mrekkep, 2. mrekkeplemek.
inland see i (inner, inside, internal).
inn see 1. han, 2. otel (hotel).
inner see 1. i (inside, internal), 2. dahili, 3. gizli
(confidential, hidden).
innocence see 1. saflk (purity), 2. susuzluk, 3.
gnahszlk.
560
English - Turkish
innocent see 1. masum, 2. saf (absolute, clean,

pure), 3. susuz, 4. zararsz, 5. gnahsz.
innovation see 1. yenilik, 2. icat.
input see 1. girdi, 2. giri (access, entry,
introduction), 3. giri.
inquest see tahkikat.
inquiry see 1. sorgu, 2. soruturma, 3. aratrma
(investigation, research).
insect see 1. bcek, 2. haere.
inside see 1. i (inner, internal), 2. ierisi, 3. iinde
(within).
insight see 1. kavrama, 2. anlay (apprehension).
insist see dayatmak.
insistence see srar.
inspect see 1. Denetlemek (audit, check, control), 2.
yoklamak.
inspection see 1. denetleme, 2. yoklama, 3. kontrol
(control), 4. tefti, 5. denetim (check, control), 6.
muayene (examination).
inspector see 1. mfetti, 2. deneti (supervisor).
inspiration see 1. esin, 2. ilham.
instability see 1. kararszlk, 2. dengesizlik.
install see 1. kurmak (build, found), 2. yklemek
(load), 3. yerletirmek.
installation see 1. kurma, 2. tesisat, 3. kurulu.
instance see rnek (example, model, sample).
instant see 1. an (moment), 2. dakika (minute), 3.
lahza.
instantly see 1. hemen (immediately), 2. derhal.
instinct see igd.
institute see 1. enstit, 2. kurmak (build, found,
install), 3. atamak, 4. kurulu, 5. kurum.
institution see 1. kurma, 2. kurulu, 3. kurum, 4.
hapishane (jail), 5. dernek (association), 6. tesis,
7. tmarhane.
instruction see 1. ynerge (directive), 2. talimat, 3.
eitim (education, training), 4. komut
(command), 5. direktif, 6. retim.
instructions see talimat (instruction).
instructor see 1. eitmen, 2. retmen (teacher).
instrument see 1. alet (implement, tool), 2. ara
(implement, means, tool), 3. aygt (device), 4.
alg, 5. senet, 6. belge (document), 7. enstrman.
instrumental see enstrmantal.
insufficient see 1. yetersiz (inadequate), 2. eksik
(missing).
insulation see 1. izolasyon, 2. yaltm.
insulin see enslin.
insurance see 1. sigorta, 2. sigortalama.
intact see 1. dokunulmam, 2. tam (absolute,
accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very),
3. bozulmam.
intake see giri (access, entry, input, introduction).
integral see 1. btn (all, entire, whole), 2. tmlev,
3. tamamlayc, 4. yekpare.
integrate see 1. tmlemek, 2. btnlemek, 3.

katmak, 4. tamamlamak (complete).
integration see tmlevleme.
integrity see 1. btnlk, 2. drstlk (honesty), 3.
doruluk (accuracy, truth).
intellectual see 1. aydn, 2. akli, 3. entellektel, 4.
zihinsel.
intelligence see 1. akl (mind), 2. zeka, 3. istihbarat,
4. bilgi (information, knowledge), 5. aklllk, 6.
anlak, 7. anlay (apprehension).
intelligent see 1. akll (wise), 2. zeki, 3. kabiliyetli,
4. usta (skilled), 5. yetenekli.
intend see 1. amalamak, 2. tasarlamak (design), 3.
kastetmek.
intended see nianl.
intense see 1. kuvvetli, 2. iddetli (bitter).
intensity see 1. younluk (density), 2. iddet
(violence), 3. koyuluk.
intent see 1. ama (aim, object, objective, purpose,
target), 2. niyet (intention, purpose), 3. kast
(intention), 4. maksat (intention, purpose), 5.
dikkatli (careful), 6. istekli, 7. niyetli.
intention see 1. kast, 2. maksat (purpose), 3. niyet
(intent, purpose), 4. ama (aim, intent, object,
objective, purpose, target).
interaction see etkileim.
interactive see etkileimli.
intercourse see grme.
interest see 1. faiz, 2. ilgi (reference), 3.
ilgilendirmek, 4. merak (curiosity), 5. alaka, 6.
kar.
interested see 1. alakal, 2. ilgili, 3. merakl, 4.
alakadar.
interesting see ilgin.
interface see 1. arabirim, 2. arayz.
interfere see karmak.
interference see 1. karma, 2. giriim, 3. parazit, 4.
engelleme.
interim see 1. geici (passing, temporary, tentative),
2. ara (intermediate).
interior see i (inner, inside, internal).
intermediate see 1. ara, 2. orta (medium, middle),
3. arac.
internal see 1. i (inner, inside), 2. dahili.
international see 1. uluslararas, 2. milletleraras.
interpret see yorumlamak.
interpretation see 1. yorum (comment), 2. aklama
(explanation), 3. eviri (version), 4. tefsir, 5.
tercme.
interrupted see 1. kesik, 2. kesilmi.
interval see 1. aralk (gap, space), 2. sre (duration,
time), 3. ara (intermediate), 4. mesafe.
intervene see 1. gemek (pass), 2. karmak.
intervention see 1. mdahale, 2. araclk, 3.
karma (interference).
interview see 1. rportaj, 2. grmek, 3. grme.
English - Turkish
intimate see 1. kiisel (personal), 2. zel (particular,
private, special), 3. samimi, 4. yakn (near).
intolerable see 1. ekilmez, 2. dayanlmaz.
intricate see 1. karmakark, 2. girift.
intrinsic see 1. esas, 2. gerek (actual, fact, real,
true), 3. i (inner, inside, internal).
introduce see 1. balamak (begin, start), 2.
tantrmak, 3. tantmak, 4. retmek.
introduction see 1. giri (access, entry, input), 2.
tantrma, 3. takdim, 4. nsz, 5. balang
(beginning, origin, start), 6. tantm, 7. tantma.
invasion see 1. akn, 2. istila, 3. saldr (aggression).
invention see 1. bulu, 2. icat, 3. bulma (find), 4.
yalan (lie), 5. uydurma (fiction).
inventory see 1. envanter, 2. stok (store).
invest see kuatmak.
investigate see 1. aratrmak (explore, research), 2.
incelemek, 3. soruturmak.
investigation see 1. aratrma (research), 2.
soruturma (inquiry), 3. inceleme, 4. tefti.
investment see 1. yatrm, 2. abluka, 3. kuatma
(siege).
investor see yatrmc.
invisible see 1. grnmeyen, 2. grnmez, 3. Gizli
invitation see 1. davet, 2. ar (call).
invite see armak (call).
inviting see ekici.
involve see 1. gerektirmek, 2. kartrmak.
involved see ilgili.
involvement see ilgi (interest, reference).
iris see iris.
iron see 1. demir, 2. t, 3. tlemek.
irony see alay (regiment).
irrational see 1. aklsz (foolish), 2. irrasyonel, 3.
mantksz, 4. sama (absurd).
irregular see 1. arpk, 2. dzensiz, 3. kuralsz, 4.
usulsz.
irrelevant see 1. ilgisiz (indifferent), 2. yersiz.
irritation see 1. kzgnlk (anger), 2. fke (anger), 3.
sinirlendirme.
island see ada.
isle see ada (island).
isolated see yaltlm.
isolation see 1. tecrit, 2. izolasyon, 3. yalnzlk, 4.
ayrma.
issue see 1. sorun (problem), 2. mesele (affair,
matter, question), 3. problem (problem), 4.
yaynlamak, 5. yayn (publication), 6. sonu
(effect, outcome, result), 7. say (number), 8.
datmak, 9. ocuklar, 10. k (exit), 11. son
(end, final, finish, last).
item see 1. para (component, part, piece, portion,
segment), 2. kalem (pen), 3. madde (matter), 4.
e, 5. adet.
561
ivory see fildii.
J
jack see 1. priz, 2. kriko.
jacket see 1. ceket, 2. gmlek (shirt).
jail see 1. hapishane, 2. hapsetmek, 3. cezaevi
(prison).
jam see 1. reel, 2. skklk, 3. skmak, 4. tkamak
(block), 5. sktrmak, 6. tkanklk, 7. izdiham.
jar see 1. kavanoz, 2. sarsmak, 3. sarsnt, 4. gcrt,
5. ok (shock).
jaw see ene (chin).
jay see alakarga.
jazz see caz.
jealous see kskan.
jealousy see 1. kskanlk, 2. haset.
jeans see blucin.
jelly see 1. jle, 2. pelte.
jet see fkrtmak.
jewellery see 1. mcevherat, 2. kuyumculuk.
job see 1. i (action, affair, deed, work), 2. grev
(task), 3. meslek, 4. kiralamak.
jockey see jokey.
join see 1. birletirmek, 2. birlemek, 3. balamak
(link, tie), 4. katlmak.
joint see 1. mafsal, 2. ortak (common, mutual,
partner), 3. birleik, 4. eklem, 5. eklemek (add),
6. batakhane, 7. mterek, 8. bititirmek, 9.
birletirmek (join).
jointly see ortaklaa.
joke see 1. fkra, 2. aka.
journal see 1. gnlk (daily), 2. dergi (magazine), 3.
gazete (newspaper).
journalism see gazetecilik.
journalist see gazeteci.
journey see 1. seyahat, 2. yolculuk, 3. gezi (trip), 4.
mesafe, 5. sefer.
joy see 1. sevin, 2. keyif, 3. nee.
judge see 1. hakem (referee), 2. yarg, 3.
yarglamak, 4. hakim.
judgement see 1. hkm (provision), 2. karar
(decision), 3. yarg.
judicial see 1. adli, 2. hukuki.
jug see 1. srahi, 2. testi, 3. kodes.
juice see 1. zsu, 2. elektrik (electricity).
jump see 1. atlamak, 2. atlama, 3. srama, 4.
sramak, 5. frlama, 6. zplama, 7. zplamak.
jumping see 1. atlama (jump), 2. srama.
junction see kavak.
jungle see karklk.
junior see ast.
jury see jri.
562
English - Turkish
just see 1. adil, 2. ancak (barely, but, hardly,

however, only, scarcely), 3. doru (accurate,
correct, right, true), 4. sadece, 5. drst (honest),
6. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact,
exactly, precise, very), 7. henz (yet), 8. hakl.
justice see 1. adalet (equity), 2. yarg, 3. doruluk
(accuracy, truth), 4. drstlk (honesty), 5. hak.
justification see 1. gerekeleme, 2. yaslama, 3.
gereke.
justify see yaslamak.
K
keen see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. hevesli.
keep see 1. tutmak (hold, retain), 2. alkoymak, 3.
geim, 4. yiyecek (food), 5. saklamak (save,
store), 6. bulundurmak, 7. korumak (maintain,
protect, shield), 8. kale (castle, goal).
keeper see 1. beki (guard), 2. bakc, 3. muhafz.
keeping see koruma (conservation, protection).
kettle see aydanlk.
key see 1. anahtar (switch), 2. tu, 3. ana (chief,
main, major, master, principal).
keyboard see klavye.
khan see han.
kick see 1. tekme, 2. tekmelemek, 3. tepmek.
kid see 1. ocuk (child, infant, youngster), 2.
taklmak, 3. olak, 4. kk (minor, small).
kidney see 1. bbrek, 2. huy, 3. tabiat.
kill see ldrmek.
killer see katil.
killing see ldrme.
kin see 1. akraba, 2. hsm.
kind see 1. tr (species, type), 2. eit, 3. cins, 4.
mfik, 5. nazik.
kindness see 1. iyilik, 2. nezaket (courtesy), 3.
efkat, 4. sevecenlik.
king see kral.
kingdom see 1. alem, 2. kraliyet, 3. krallk.
kiss see 1. pck, 2. pmek, 3. buse.
kit see 1. avadanlk, 2. takm (set, team).
kitchen see mutfak.
kite see 1. uurtma, 2. aylak, 3. uak (aeroplane,
aircraft, plane).
knee see diz.
knife see 1. bak, 2. baklamak.
knight see 1. at (horse), 2. valye.
knitting see 1. rg, 2. rme.
knock see 1. vurmak (hit), 2. vurma, 3. darbe.
knot see 1. dm (node), 2. boum (node), 3.
dmlemek.
know see 1. bilmek, 2. tanmak.
knowing see kurnaz.
knowledge see 1. bilgi (information), 2. malumat.

known see bilinen.
L
label see 1. etiket, 2. etiketlemek, 3. marka, 4.
snflandrmak (sort), 5. yafta.
laboratory see laboratuvar.
labour see 1. emek, 2. i (action, affair, deed, job,
work), 3. almak (work), 4. alma (work).
lace see 1. dantel, 2. ba (bond, connection, link), 3.
back, 4. dantela.
lack see 1. eksiklik (deficiency), 2. noksan, 3.
yokluk (absence).
lacking see 1. eksik (missing), 2. yok (absent).
lad see delikanl (youngster).
ladder see merdiven (staircase).
lady see 1. bayan (madam, miss), 2. hanmefendi, 3.
hanm, 4. kadn (woman).
lake see gl (loch).
lamb see 1. kuzu, 2. kuzulamak.
lamp see 1. lamba, 2. fener.
land see 1. toprak (earth, ground, soil), 2. arazi, 3.
arsa (plot), 4. arz, 5. lke (country), 6. memleket,
7. kara, 8. dmek (fall), 9. diyar, 10. vurmak
(hit).
landing see 1. ini (descent), 2. iskele.
landscape see 1. peyzaj, 2. yatay (horizontal), 3.
manzara (view).
lane see 1. kulvar, 2. rota (route).
language see 1. dil (tongue), 2. lisan.
lap see 1. kucak, 2. tur, 3. dolamak, 4. etap, 5. etek
(skirt), 6. aprdatmak, 7. aprt, 8. sarmak
(wind).
large see 1. byk (big, grand, great, major), 2. geni
(wide), 3. iri, 4. ok (many, much, very), 5. bol
(abundant, ample).
laser see lazer.
last see 1. son (end, final, finish), 2. srmek (drive),
3. geen, 4. sonuncu, 5. dayanmak, 6.
bozulmamak.
late see 1. ge, 2. gecikmi, 3. son (end, final, finish,
last), 4. sabk, 5. eski (former, old).
lately see geenlerde.
latent see gizli (confidential, hidden).
later see sonra (after, afterwards).
latter see 1. sonraki (next), 2. ikincisi, 3. son (end,
final, finish, last).
laugh see 1. glmek, 2. gl, 3. kahkaha.
laughter see 1. kahkaha, 2. glme, 3. gl.
launch see 1. balatmak (start), 2. frlatmak.
laundry see 1. amarhane, 2. amar.
lavatory see 1. tuvalet (bathroom, toilet), 2. hela.
English - Turkish
law see 1. kanun, 2. hukuk, 3. yasa (statute), 4. kural
(rule, statute).
lawful see 1. yasal (legal), 2. meru, 3. kanuni.
lawn see 1. imenlik, 2. im.
lawyer see 1. avukat (attorney, counsel, solicitor), 2.
hukuku.
lay see 1. sermek, 2. yumurtlamak, 3. yaymak
(spread), 4. yklemek (load), 5. yerletirmek, 6.
yatrmak, 7. dizmek, 8. koymak (put), 9.
hazrlamak, 10. yattrmak.
layer see 1. katman, 2. kat (multiple), 3. tabaka.
layout see 1. dzen (order), 2. yerleim, 3.
dzenleme, 4. plan.
lazy see 1. tembel, 2. ar (heavy, serious), 3.
uyuuk.
lead see 1. ynetmek, 2. kurun, 3. klavuzluk, 4.
rehberlik, 5. iskandil, 6. gtrmek, 7. etkilemek,
8. nclk.
leader see 1. lider, 2. ba (chief, head, master), 3.
nc, 4. nder.
leadership see 1. liderlik, 2. nderlik.
leading see ana (chief, main, major, master,
principal).
leaf see yaprak (sheet).
leaflet see bror.
league see 1. dernek (association), 2. lig.
lean see 1. dayanmak, 2. eilmek, 3. yasz.
learn see renmek.
learned see 1. bilgili, 2. alim.
learning see 1. ilim, 2. bilgi (information,
knowledge), 3. renme.
lease see 1. kiralama, 2. kiralamak.
least see asgari.
leather see 1. deri (skin), 2. ksele, 3. mein.
leave see 1. brakmak, 2. izin (permission, permit),
3. terketmek, 4. ayrlmak, 5. veda (farewell), 6.
kalkmak, 7. msaade, 8. ruhsat, 9. vazgemek.
leaving see ayrlma (separation).
lecture see 1. azarlamak, 2. konferans, 3. paylama,
4. azarlama.
lecturer see okutman.
left see 1. sol, 2. solda, 3. Sola.
leg see 1. bacak, 2. ayak (foot).
legacy see miras.
legal see 1. yasal, 2. adli, 3. hukuki, 4. kanuni, 5.
tzel.
legend see 1. efsane, 2. gsterge (indicator).
legislation see 1. mevzuat, 2. yasama.
legitimacy see meruluk.
legitimate see yasal (legal).
lemon see limon.
lend see vermek (give, grant).
length see 1. uzunluk, 2. boy, 3. sre (duration,
time).
lens see 1. mercek, 2. objektif (objective).
563
lesson see 1. ders, 2. ibret.

let see 1. brakmak (leave), 2. engel (barrier).
lethal see ldrc.
letter see 1. mektup, 2. harf.
level see 1. dzey, 2. dz (flat, plain, smooth,
straight), 3. dzlk, 4. seviye, 5. dzeltmek, 6.
dengeli (balanced), 7. derece (degree, grade), 8.
ykmak, 9. yzey (surface).
lexicon see szlk (dictionary).
liability see sorumluluk (responsibility).
liable see 1. sorumlu, 2. ykml, 3. olas.
liaison see irtibat.
liberal see 1. cmert, 2. liberal, 3. bol (abundant,
ample), 4. serbest (free).
liberation see 1. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 2.
azat, 3. kurtulu.
liberty see 1. zgrlk (freedom), 2. izin
(permission, permit), 3. hrriyet.
librarian see ktphaneci.
library see 1. ktphane, 2. kitaplk.
licence see 1. lisans, 2. ruhsat, 3. izin (permission,
permit), 4. ehliyet.
lid see kapak.
lie see 1. yalan, 2. yatmak, 3. uzanmak.
life see 1. hayat, 2. can, 3. yaam, 4. canllk, 5.
mr (lifetime).
lifetime see mr.
lift see 1. asansr, 2. kaldrmak (remove), 3. almak
(steal), 4. ykseltme, 5. yrtmek, 6. kaldrma, 7.
yardm (assistance, help), 8. ykseltmek (raise).
lifting see kaldrma.
light see 1. k, 2. hafif, 3. ak (clear, explicit, free,
open, plain, shortage), 4. aydnlatmak, 5.
aydnlk, 6. nur, 7. yakmak (burn), 8. yanmak
(burn), 9. yumuak, 10. konmak, 11. inmek, 12.
lamba (lamp).
lighter see akmak.
lighting see 1. yakma, 2. aydnlatma, 3.
klandrma.
lightly see 1. hafife, 2. hafif (light).
lightning see 1. yldrm, 2. imek.
like see 1. benzer (analogous), 2. sevmek (love), 3.
beenmek (enjoy), 4. holanmak, 5. gibi (as).
likelihood see 1. olabilirlik, 2. olaslk.
likely see muhtemel.
likewise see keza.
lily see zambak.
limb see 1. kol (arm), 2. aza.
lime see kire.
limestone see kalker.
limit see 1. snr (border, boundary), 2. had, 3.
kstlamak, 4. limit, 5. snrlandrmak, 6. u.
limitation see snrlama.
limited see 1. snrl, 2. kstl.
564
English - Turkish
line see 1. izgi, 2. hat, 3. satr, 4. sra (order, rank,

sequence), 5. sicim (string), 6. yol (path, road,
route, way), 7. ip (rope, string), 8. desen (pattern),
9. astarlamak, 10. kaplamak, 11. ekil (figure,
shape).
linear see 1. dorusal, 2. izgisel.
linguistic see dilbilimsel.
linguistics see dilbilim.
link see 1. ba (bond, connection), 2. balant
(connection), 3. balamak (tie), 4. balamak, 5.
balant.
lion see aslan.
lip see 1. dudak, 2. kenar (border, edge, margin,
side, verge).
liquid see 1. sv, 2. akc (fluid), 3. berrak (clear).
liquidity see likidite.
list see 1. liste, 2. listelemek.
listen see dinlemek.
listening see dinleme.
literary see edebi.
literature see 1. edebiyat, 2. yazn, 3. literatr.
litre see litre.
litter see 1. p, 2. sedye, 3. tahtrevan, 4. dknt.
little see 1. az (few), 2. kk (minor, small), 3.
ufak.
live see 1. yaamak, 2. oturmak (sit), 3. canl (alive,
lively, living), 4. diri, 5. patlamam, 6. parlak
(shiny).
lively see 1. canl (alive, live, living), 2. neeli, 3.
parlak (shiny).
liver see karacier.
livestock see mal.
living see 1. canl (alive, live, lively), 2. yaayan, 3.
yaama, 4. sa (right), 5. geim, 6. geinme.
load see 1. yk, 2. yklemek, 3. arj, 4. doldurmak
(fill).
loaded see 1. ykl, 2. dolu (full), 3. sarho.
lobby see lobi.
local see 1. yerel, 2. lokal, 3. yerli, 4. yresel.
locality see yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat,
space).
locate see yerletirmek.
location see 1. yer (earth, ground, place, seat,
space), 2. Konum (position), 3. mevki.
loch see gl (lake).
lock see 1. kilit, 2. kilitlemek, 3. bukle.
locked see kilitli.
locomotive see lokomotif (engine).
lodge see loca.
log see 1. ktk, 2. tomruk, 3. parakete, 4. logaritma,
5. gnlk (daily, journal).
logic see mantk.
logical see 1. mantkl, 2. mantksal.
logo see logo.
loneliness see yalnzlk.
lonely see 1. yalnz (alone), 2. ssz.

long see uzun (tall).
look see 1. bakmak (maintain, refer, regard, view,
watch), 2. bak (view), 3. bakma, 4. grnmek
(appear), 5. grn, 6. nazar, 7. benzemek, 8.
grmek (see).
loop see 1. dng, 2. ilmik, 3. ilmek.
loose see 1. gevek, 2. salvermek, 3. pheli, 4.
babo, 5. bol (abundant, ample), 6. dank, 7.
hafifmerep.
lord see 1. sahip (owner), 2. lord, 3. efendi, 4. Allah,
5. hkmdar, 6. Rab, 7. Tanr, 8. bey
(gentleman).
lordship see stnlk (advantage).
lorry see kamyon.
lose see 1. kaybetmek, 2. karmak, 3. kaybolmak, 4.
yenilmek, 5. yitirmek, 6. aztmak.
loss see 1. kayp, 2. zarar, 3. ziyan.
lost see 1. kayp (loss), 2. mahvolmu, 3. dalgn, 4.
kaybolmu.
lot see 1. parti, 2. arsa (plot), 3. ksmet.
lotus see 1. Lotus, 2. nilfer.
loud see 1. yksek (high, tall), 2. grltl (noisy).
lounge see 1. salon, 2. ezlong, 3. divan.
love see 1. sevgi (affection), 2. ak, 3. sevmek (like),
4. sevgili (beloved, dear), 5. dost (friend), 6.
muhabbet, 7. sevi.
lovely see 1. gzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome,
pretty), 2. ho (pleasant), 3. sevimli.
lover see 1. ak, 2. dost (friend), 3. sevgili (beloved,
dear, love).
loving see seven.
low see 1. alak (base), 2. dk, 3. ucuz (cheap), 4.
zayf, 5. pes, 6. az (few, little), 7. adi (common),
8. karamsar, 9. bodur (short).
lower see 1. Alt (bottom), 2. indirmek.
loyal see 1. sadk, 2. vefal.
loyalty see sadakat.
luck see 1. talih, 2. baht, 3. ans.
lucky see 1. ansl, 2. uurlu, 3. talihli.
luggage see bagaj.
lump see 1. yumru, 2. yn (bulk, mass, stack), 3.
para (component, item, part, piece, portion,
segment), 4. topak, 5. ymak (stack), 6. kme
(cluster, group), 7. i.
lung see akcier.
luxurious see lks.
luxury see lks.
lying see yalanclk.
English - Turkish
M
ma see anne (mother).
machine see 1. makine (engine), 2. mekanizma
(mechanism).
machinery see 1. mekanizma (mechanism), 2.
makineler.
mad see 1. lgn, 2. deli (crazy), 3. kudurmu, 4.
kuduz.
madam see bayan (lady, miss).
made see yaplm.
madness see 1. lgnlk, 2. delilik.
magazine see 1. dergi, 2. depo (store), 3. magazin,
4. arjr.
magic see 1. byclk, 2. sihir, 3. by, 4.
sihirbazlk.
magical see byl.
magnetic see 1. manyetik, 2. ekici.
magnificent see 1. grkemli (splendid), 2.
muhteem.
magnitude see 1. byklk (size), 2. nem.
mahogany see maun.
maid see hizmeti.
mail see 1. posta (post), 2. postalamak, 3. zrh.
main see 1. ana (chief, major, master, principal), 2.
asl, 3. balca, 4. temel (base, basic, elementary,
foundation).
mainframe see anabilgisayar.
mainly see balca.
maintain see 1. bakmak (look, refer, regard, view,
watch), 2. korumak (protect, shield), 3.
srdrmek (continue).
maintenance see 1. bakm, 2. nafaka.
majesty see 1. heybet, 2. grkem, 3. hamet.
major see 1. byk (big, grand, great, large), 2. ana
(chief, main, master, principal), 3. majr, 4.
binba, 5. balca.
majority see 1. ounluk, 2. ekseriyet, 3. reitlik, 4.
rt.
make see 1. yapmak (do, fulfil, perform), 2. etmek
(do), 3. marka, 4. biim (form, format, shape), 5.
yap (structure), 6. yaptrmak, 7. salamak, 8.
verim (efficiency, yield).
male see erkek (man).
man see 1. adam (fellow, guy), 2. erkek (male), 3.
insan, 4. uak, 5. kii (person).
manage see 1. geinmek, 2. ynetmek.
management see 1. ynetim (administration,
government), 2. idare.
manager see 1. ynetici (administrator, director), 2.
mdr (director), 3. ynetmen, 4. idareci.
managerial see 1. ynetimsel, 2. idari.
565
mandate see 1. emir, 2. manda.

mandatory see zorunlu (compulsory).
manifesto see bildiri.
manipulation see 1. hile, 2. idare (management).
mankind see insanlk.
manner see 1. tarz (genre), 2. tavr (attitude).
manners see terbiye.
manor see tmar.
mansion see konak.
manual see 1. elkitab, 2. klavuz (guide).
manufacture see 1. yapm, 2. imal, 3. imalat.
manufacturer see 1. fabrikatr, 2. retici.
many see 1. ok (much, very), 2. birok.
map see 1. harita, 2. plan, 3. surat (face).
marathon see Maraton.
marble see 1. Misket, 2. mermer, 3. bilye.
march see 1. mart, 2. mar.
mare see ksrak.
margin see 1. kenar (border, edge, side, verge), 2.
snr (border, boundary, limit).
marginal see marjinal.
marine see 1. deniz (sea), 2. denizcilik.
maritime see deniz (sea).
mark see 1. Mark, 2. marka, 3. im (sign), 4. hedef
(aim, destination, goal, objective, target), 5.
damga (seal, stamp), 6. nian, 7. alamet (sign), 8.
iaretlemek, 9. belirti (symptom), 10. not (note),
11. iz (trace, track, trail), 12. imlemek, 13.
izmek (draw), 14. izgi (line), 15. iaret (sign,
signal).
marked see 1. belirgin (clear), 2. iaretli.
marker see 1. iaret (sign, signal), 2. imleyici, 3.
damga (seal, stamp).
market see 1. ar, 2. pazar, 3. pazarlamak, 4.
piyasa, 5. borsa.
marketing see pazarlama.
marriage see 1. evlenme, 2. evlilik.
married see evli.
marry see 1. evlendirmek, 2. evlenmek.
marsh see 1. bataklk, 2. batak.
marvellous see 1. fevkalade, 2. olaanst.
masculine see 1. eril, 2. erkeksi.
mask see 1. maske, 2. maskelemek, 3. rt, 4.
gizlemek (hide).
mason see 1. duvarc, 2. mason, 3. farmason, 4.
ta.
mass see 1. yn (bulk, stack), 2. kme (cluster,
group), 3. ktle, 4. kitle, 5. ymak (stack).
massacre see katliam.
master see 1. ana (chief, main, major, principal), 2.
ba (chief, head), 3. sahip (lord, owner), 4. asl, 5.
efendi, 6. yenmek, 7. usta (skilled), 8. esas, 9.
patron (boss, governor).
match see 1. kibrit, 2. e (wife), 3. ma, 4. evlenme,
5. karlama, 6. denk, 7. benzer (analogous,
566
English - Turkish
like), 8. akran, 9. rakip, 10. uymak (fit), 11.

eletirmek.
mate see 1. e (match, wife), 2. arkada (companion,
friend).
material see 1. malzeme, 2. gere, 3. kuma (cloth),
4. madde (item, matter), 5. maddi.
mathematical see kesin (definite).
mathematics see matematik.
matrix see 1. matris, 2. dizey, 3. kalp (cast).
matter see 1. madde (item), 2. mesele (affair,
question), 3. konu (subject, topic), 4. cerahat, 5.
cisim, 6. zdek, 7. husus, 8. nem, 9.
iltihaplanmak, 10. irin, 11. i (action, affair, deed,
job, work).
mature see 1. olgun, 2. olgunlamak, 3. ergin, 4.
olgunlatrmak.
maturity see 1. olgunluk, 2. vade.
maxim see zdeyi.
maximum see 1. maksimum, 2. azami.
may see mays.
maybe see belki (perhaps, possibly).
me see 1. bana, 2. beni.
meal see 1. yemek (eat, feed), 2. n.
mean see 1. ortalama (average), 2. adi (common), 3.
alak (base, low), 4. kastetmek, 5. ahlaksz, 6.
amalamak, 7. cimri, 8. huysuz, 9. keyifsiz.
meaning see 1. anlam (sense, significance), 2. ama
(aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 3.
anlaml, 4. mana, 5. nem.
meaningful see anlaml.
meaningless see 1. anlamsz (absurd), 2. bo
(blank, empty, free, vacant).
means see 1. ara (implement, instrument, tool), 2.
servet, 3. para (cash, currency, money), 4. vasta,
5. vesile, 6. alet (implement, instrument, tool).
measure see 1. nlem, 2. lmek, 3. l (gauge), 4.
miktar (amount, quantity), 5. lek (scale), 6.
had, 7. derece (degree, grade), 8. oran (rate,
ratio), 9. snr (border, boundary, limit), 10.
tartmak, 11. tedbir, 12. lm (measurement).
measurement see 1. lm, 2. l (gauge,
measure), 3. lme.
measuring see lme.
meat see et (flesh).
mechanical see mekanik (mechanics).
mechanics see mekanik (mechanical).
mechanism see 1. dzenek, 2. mekanizma.
medal see 1. madalya, 2. nian.
media see 1. aralar, 2. ortam (environment,
medium).
median see 1. orta (intermediate, medium, middle),
2. ortanca, 3. medyan.
medical see tbbi.
medicine see 1. tp, 2. ila (drug, remedy), 3.
hekimlik.
medium see 1. orta (intermediate, middle), 2. ortam

(environment), 3. ara (implement, instrument,
means, tool), 4. medyum, 5. vasta.
meet see 1. bulumak, 2. grmek, 3. karlamak, 4.
tanmak.
meeting see 1. miting, 2. toplant, 3. karlama, 4.
buluma.
member see 1. ye, 2. organ, 3. uzuv, 4. aza.
membership see 1. yelik, 2. yeler.
membrane see 1. zar, 2. perde (curtain, screen).
memorable see unutulmaz.
memorandum see 1. muhtra, 2. not (note).
memorial see 1. ant (monument), 2. abide
(monument).
memory see 1. bellek, 2. an, 3. hafza, 4. hatra.
mental see zihinsel.
mention see 1. anmak, 2. bahsetmek, 3. anma.
menu see men.
merchant see 1. tacir, 2. tccar.
mercy see 1. merhamet, 2. rahmet, 3. acma, 4. af
(pardon), 5. aman, 6. insaf.
mere see srf.
merely see 1. sadece, 2. ancak (barely, but, hardly,
however, only, scarcely).
merit see 1. deer, 2. erdem (virtue), 3. fazilet, 4.
meziyet.
mess see 1. dzensizlik (disorder), 2. pislik, 3.
karklk.
message see 1. mesaj, 2. ileti, 3. haber.
metal see 1. metal, 2. maden.
metaphor see 1. mecaz, 2. istiare.
method see 1. yntem, 2. usul, 3. dzen (order), 4.
yol (path, road, route, way), 5. metod, 6. tarz
(genre), 7. metot.
methodology see 1. yntembilim, 2. metodoloji, 3.
yntem (method).
metre see metre.
microphone see mikrofon.
microscope see mikroskop.
microwave see mikrodalga.
middle see 1. orta (intermediate, medium), 2.
ortadaki.
midst see 1. orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 2.
ortasnda.
might see 1. g (energy, force, power, strength), 2.
kudret, 3. kuvvet (force, strength).
mighty see 1. gl, 2. muazzam, 3. kuvvetli, 4.
kudretli.
migration see 1. g (immigration), 2. hicret.
mike see mikrofon (microphone).
mild see 1. hafif (light), 2. lml (moderate), 3.
kibar, 4. lman.
mile see mil.
military see askeri.
milk see 1. st, 2. samak.
English - Turkish
mill see 1. deirmen, 2. fabrika (factory), 3.
imalathane.
miller see deirmenci.
million see milyon.
mind see 1. akl (intelligence), 2. zihin, 3. aldrmak,
4. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 5. bakmak
(look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 6.
bellek (memory), 7. beyin (brain), 8. dnce, 9.
istek (request), 10. kafa (head).
mine see mayn.
mineral see 1. mineral, 2. madeni.
miniature see 1. minyatr, 2. kk (minor, small).
minimum see asgari.
mining see madencilik.
minister see 1. bakan, 2. papaz (priest).
ministry see bakanlk.
minor see 1. kk (small), 2. nemsiz (trivial), 3.
minr, 4. ikincil (secondary).
minority see aznlk.
minus see eksi.
minute see 1. dakika, 2. an (instant, moment).
minutes see tutanak.
miracle see 1. mucize, 2. harika (wonderful), 3.
keramet.
mirror see 1. ayna, 2. yanstmak (reflect), 3.
aksettirmek.
miserable see 1. sefil, 2. berbat, 3. kt (bad, evil,
poor), 4. fena (evil, poor), 5. perian.
misery see 1. sefalet, 2. strap.
miss see 1. bayan (lady, madam), 2. zlemek, 3.
karmak.
missile see 1. fze, 2. mermi (bullet).
missing see 1. eksik, 2. namevcut, 3. kayp (loss).
mission see 1. misyon, 2. grev (task), 3. elilik.
mist see 1. buu (steam), 2. duman (smoke), 3. sis
(fog), 4. pus.
mistake see 1. yanl (false), 2. hata (error, fault), 3.
yanlmak, 4. yanllk, 5. yanlg.
mistress see 1. metres, 2. bayan (lady, madam,
miss).
mix see 1. kaynamak, 2. karm, 3. kartrmak, 4.
uyumak, 5. kartrma, 6. karmak, 7. karma
(interference).
mixed see 1. karma (composite), 2. kark, 3.
karm.
mixture see 1. karm, 2. kartrma.
mob see kalabalk.
mobile see 1. seyyar, 2. oynak, 3. devingen
(dynamic), 4. mobil, 5. deiken (variable), 6.
gezici, 7. gezgin.
mobility see devingenlik.
mode see 1. kip, 2. tarz (genre), 3. biim (form,
format, shape), 4. makam, 5. mod, 6. moda
(fashion).
567
model see 1. model, 2. rnek (example, sample), 3.

manken, 4. kalp (cast), 5. numune.
moderate see 1. lml, 2. hafifletmek, 3. orta
(intermediate, medium, middle), 4. yattrmak, 5.
yumuatmak, 6. ll, 7. hafiflemek, 8.
yumuamak.
modern see 1. modern (contemporary), 2. ada.
modest see alakgnll.
modification see 1. deiiklik (change), 2.
deitirme.
modify see 1. deitirmek (alter, change), 2.
hafifletmek.
modular see 1. birimsel, 2. modler.
module see 1. modl, 2. birim (unit).
moist see 1. nemli, 2. rutubetli.
moisture see 1. nem, 2. rutubet.
mole see 1. kstebek, 2. mendirek, 3. dalgakran, 4.
ben (ego).
molecule see molekl.
moment see 1. an (instant), 2. moment, 3. nem.
momentum see 1. devinirlik, 2. moment.
monastery see manastr.
monetary see parasal (financial).
money see para (cash, currency).
monitor see 1. monitr, 2. izlemek (trace, track,
trail), 3. Ekran (screen), 4. dinlemek (listen).
monitoring see dinleme.
monkey see maymun.
monopoly see tekel.
monster see 1. canavar, 2. dev (giant), 3. ucube.
month see ay (moon).
monthly see aylk.
monument see 1. ant (memorial), 2. abide.
mood see 1. kip (mode), 2. hava (air, weather).
moon see 1. ay (month), 2. kamer.
moor see kr.
moral see 1. drst (honest), 2. manevi, 3. ahlaki, 4.
ahlaksal, 5. trel.
morale see 1. moral, 2. maneviyat.
more see 1. daha, 2. ok (many, much, very).
moreover see stelik.
morning see sabah.
mortality see lmllk.
mortgage see 1. ipotek, 2. rehin.
mosaic see mozaik.
most see 1. pek (very), 2. ou, 3. en (breadth,
width).
mostly see ounlukla.
mother see 1. anne, 2. ana (chief, main, major,
master, principal).
motif see 1. motif, 2. rge.
motion see 1. hareket (act, action, move,
movement), 2. devinim, 3. nerge.
motivation see 1. gd (motive), 2. motivasyon.
568
English - Turkish
motive see 1. gd (motivation), 2. drt, 3. neden

(cause, why).
motor see 1. motor (engine), 2. otomobil (car).
motorway see otoyol.
mould see 1. kalp (cast), 2. kf.
mount see 1. da (mountain), 2. takmak, 3. binmek,
4. ereve (frame), 5. tepe (hill), 6. altlk.
mountain see da.
mouse see 1. fare, 2. san (rat).
mouth see 1. az, 2. hali.
move see 1. hareket (act, action, motion,
movement), 2. tanmak, 3. kmldatmak, 4.
tamak (bear, carry), 5. oynatmak, 6.
kmldamak, 7. ilerlemek (advance), 8. hamle, 9.
gitmek (go), 10. etkilemek, 11. duygulandrmak,
12. Ta, 13. oynamak (play).
movement see 1. hareket (act, action, motion,
move), 2. manevra.
movie see film.
moving see 1. dokunakl, 2. hareketli, 3. ackl.
much see 1. ok (many, very), 2. fazla, 3. hayli.
mud see amur.
muddy see 1. amurlu, 2. bulank.
mug see surat (face).
multimedia see Multimedya.
multiple see 1. kat, 2. ok (many, much, very), 3.
oklu, 4. birok.
mum see 1. anne (mother), 2. sessiz (quiet), 3. sus.
mummy see 1. anne (mother), 2. mumya.
murder see cinayet.
murderer see 1. katil, 2. cani.
muscle see 1. adale, 2. kas.
muscular see adaleli.
museum see mze.
music see 1. mzik, 2. musiki.
musical see 1. mzikal, 2. uyumlu (compatible), 3.
mziksever.
musician see 1. mzisyen, 2. algc.
must see 1. gereklilik (necessity), 2. ra.
mutual see 1. karlkl, 2. ortak (common, joint,
partner), 3. mterek.
mysterious see 1. gizemli, 2. esrarengiz.
mystery see 1. sr, 2. gizem, 3. esrar, 4. muamma.
mystical see gizemli.
myth see 1. efsane, 2. mit.
N
naive see saf (absolute, clean, pure).
naked see 1. plak, 2. yaln.
name see 1. ad, 2. isim (noun), 3. nam.
namely see yani.
narrative see yk.
narrow see 1. dar, 2. snrl, 3. daraltmak, 4.

daralmak, 5. ksmak.
nasty see 1. kt (bad, evil, poor), 2. pis (dirty).
nation see 1. ulus, 2. millet.
national see ulusal.
nationalism see milliyetilik.
nationalist see milliyeti.
nationality see milliyet.
native see 1. yerel (local), 2. yerli, 3. doal (natural).
natural see 1. doal, 2. doutan.
naturally see 1. doutan, 2. elbette.
nature see 1. tabiat, 2. doa, 3. miza.
naughty see yaramaz.
navigation see 1. sefer, 2. denizcilik, 3. gemicilik,
4. dolama.
navy see donanma.
near see 1. yakn, 2. yaknda, 3. yaklamak.
nearly see adeta.
necessary see 1. gerekli, 2. zorunlu (compulsory,
mandatory).
necessity see 1. gereklilik, 2. zorunluluk, 3. ihtiya.
neck see 1. boyun, 2. yaka (collar).
need see 1. yoksulluk (poverty), 2. gerek, 3.
gereksinim (requirement), 4. ihtiya, 5. lzum.
needle see 1. ine (pin), 2. ibre, 3. t.
needless see 1. gereksiz, 2. lzumsuz.
negative see 1. negatif, 2. olumsuz, 3. eksi (minus).
neglect see ihmal.
negligence see 1. dikkatsizlik, 2. ihmal.
negotiate see grmek.
negotiation see mzakere.
neighbour see komu.
neighbourhood see 1. evre (environment), 2.
civar, 3. komular, 4. semt.
neither see Hibiri (none).
nephew see yeen.
nerve see 1. sinir, 2. asap, 3. cesaret (courage), 4.
cret, 5. damar (vein), 6. soukkanllk, 7.
yzszlk.
nervous see 1. rkek (shy), 2. sinirli, 3. asabi.
nest see yuva.
net see 1. a (network), 2. net, 3. kazanmak (win), 4.
tuzak (trap).
network see 1. a (net), 2. ebeke.
neutral see 1. tarafsz, 2. ntr, 3. yansz.
never see 1. asla, 2. hi (nothing), 3. katiyen.
nevertheless see ancak (barely, but, hardly,
new see 1. yeni (novel), 2. taze (fresh).
newly see yeni (new, novel).
news see 1. haberler, 2. haber.
newspaper see gazete.
next see 1. sonraki, 2. gelecek, 3. sonra (after,
afterwards), 4. leri.
English - Turkish
nice see 1. iyi (fine, good, okay, well), 2. sevimli, 3.
ho (pleasant), 4. ince (fine, thin), 5. gzel
(beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty).
nick see 1. almak (steal), 2. entik, 3. entmek.
night see 1. gece, 2. akam (evening), 3. karanlk.
nightmare see 1. karabasan, 2. kabus.
nine see dokuz.
ninety see doksan.
ninth see dokuzuncu.
nitrogen see 1. azot, 2. nitrojen.
no see 1. hayr, 2. Hayr, 3. yok (absent), 4. deil
(not).
nobility see soyluluk.
noble see 1. asil, 2. soylu, 3. asilzade, 4. yce, 5.
yksek (high, loud, tall).
node see 1. boum, 2. dm.
noise see 1. grlt, 2. patrt, 3. ses (sound, tone,
voice).
noisy see 1. grltl, 2. grltc, 3. patrtl.
nominal see 1. itibari, 2. saymaca, 3. szde.
nomination see atama (appointment).
none see 1. hibiri, 2. Hi (nothing).
nonsense see 1. sama (absurd), 2. zrva.
noon see le.
norm see 1. norm, 2. rnek (example, model,
sample), 3. tip (type).
normal see 1. normal (regular), 2. olaan.
north see kuzey.
northern see kuzey (north).
nose see 1. burun, 2. koklamak (smell).
not see 1. deil, 2. yok (absent).
notable see tannm.
notation see gsterim.
note see 1. not, 2. senet, 3. nota, 4. banknot, 5.
dikkat (attention).
notebook see defter.
noted see nl (famous).
nothing see 1. hi, 2. sfr (zero).
notice see 1. ihbarname, 2. ilan (advertisement,
announcement), 3. dikkat (attention), 4. bildirim,
5. bildirmek (inform), 6. duyuru (announcement),
7. bildiri, 8. uyar (warning).
notion see 1. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 2.
kavram.
noun see 1. isim (name), 2. ad (name).
novel see 1. roman, 2. yeni (new).
novelty see yenilik.
now see imdi.
nowadays see bugnlerde.
nuclear see nkleer.
nucleus see 1. ekirdek (core), 2. z (self).
number see 1. say, 2. numara, 3. saymak (count), 4.
rakam, 5. numaralamak, 6. miktar (amount,
quantity), 7. adet.
numerical see saysal.
569
numerous see ok (many, much, very).

nurse see 1. hemire (sister), 2. emzirmek, 3.
bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view,
watch), 4. beslemek (feed), 5. dad, 6.
hastabakc.
nursery see 1. fidanlk, 2. kre.
nut see 1. somun, 2. kafa (head).
nuts see deli (crazy).
nylon see naylon.
O
oak see mee.
oath see 1. yemin, 2. svg, 3. kfr, 4. ant.
obedience see itaat.
obey see uymak (fit).
object see 1. nesne, 2. ama (aim, intent, objective,
purpose, target), 3. hedef (aim, destination, goal,
objective, target), 4. obje, 5. ey (thing).
objection see 1. itiraz, 2. saknca.
objective see 1. ama (aim, intent, object, purpose,
target), 2. hedef (aim, destination, goal, target), 3.
nesnel, 4. objektif, 5. mercek (lens).
obligation see 1. ykmllk, 2. mecburiyet, 3.
dev.
obscure see 1. karanlk, 2. gizlemek (hide).
observation see 1. gzlem, 2. gzetleme, 3.
dnce, 4. gzleme, 5. inceleme, 6. rasat.
observe see 1. sylemek (say, tell), 2. gzlemlemek,
3. gzetlemek, 4. incelemek, 5. demek (say), 6.
uymak (fit), 7. gzlemek.
observer see gzlemci.
obsession see saplant.
obstacle see 1. engel (barrier), 2. mani.
obtain see 1. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive,
take), 2. edinmek (acquire), 3. salamak.
obvious see 1. apak, 2. belli, 3. besbelli (evident).
obviously see aka.
occasion see 1. durum (state, status), 2. frsat, 3.
neden (cause, why), 4. sra (order, rank,
sequence), 5. hal, 6. vesile, 7. lzum.
occasionally see bazen (sometimes).
occupation see 1. igal, 2. i (action, affair, deed,
job, work), 3. meslek.
occupational see mesleki.
occupy see 1. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 2.
zaptetmek.
occur see 1. olmak (become, get, happen), 2.
bulunmak.
occurrence see olay (event, fact, incident).
ocean see okyanus.
o'clock see saat (clock, hour, time).
570
English - Turkish
odd see 1. tek (single, unique), 2. acayip (peculiar),

3. garip, 4. ksur, 5. tuhaf.
odds see 1. olaslk, 2. stnlk (advantage), 3.
avantaj (advantage), 4. ans, 5. fark (difference).
odour see 1. koku, 2. itibar, 3. hret.
off see 1. kapal, 2. tamamen (absolutely, altogether,
entirely), 3. uzak (distant, far, remote), 4. bozuk
(broken), 5. uzakta (away).
offence see 1. su (crime), 2. saldr (aggression).
offender see sulu (guilty).
offensive see 1. hcum (aggression, assault, attack),
2. iren, 3. pis (dirty), 4. saldr (aggression).
offer see 1. sunma, 2. sunmak (submit), 3. arz, 4.
teklif.
offering see 1. adak, 2. kurban (victim), 3. teklif, 4.
ba.
office see 1. ofis, 2. bro (bureau), 3. grev (task), 4.
bakanlk.
officer see 1. subay, 2. memur.
official see 1. memur, 2. resmi (formal).
officially see resmen.
offspring see dl.
oil see 1. ya (fat), 2. petrol, 3. yalamak, 4.
yalboya.
okay see 1. iyi (fine, good, well), 2. oldu, 3.
onaylamak (accept, approve, confirm), 4. onay
(approval), 5. peki, 6. tamam (done).
old see 1. eski (former), 2. yal, 3. nceki (former),
4. ihtiyar, 5. pikin.
omission see 1. ihmal, 2. karma.
on see 1. stnde, 2. ak (clear, explicit, free, light,
open, plain, shortage), 3. aralksz.
once see eskiden.
one see 1. bir, 2. biri (somebody), 3. tek (odd, single,
unique).
onion see soan.
only see 1. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however,
scarcely), 2. sadece, 3. tek (odd, single, unique),
4. biricik, 5. srf, 6. yalnz (alone).
onset see 1. hcum (aggression, assault, attack), 2.
saldr (aggression), 3. hamle.
onwards see ileri (advanced, forward).
open see 1. amak, 2. ak (clear, explicit, free,
light, plain, shortage), 3. A (hungry), 4. almak.
opening see 1. al, 2. a, 3. ama, 4. frsat, 5.
delik (hole), 6. az (mouth).
openly see 1. alenen, 2. aka.
opera see opera.
operate see 1. iletmek, 2. ilemek, 3. almak
(work), 4. altrmak (run), 5. etkilemek.
operating see altrma.
operation see 1. operasyon, 2. ameliyat, 3. iletme,
4. ilem, 5. alma (work), 6. i (action, affair,
deed, job, work), 7. hkm (provision), 8.
altrma, 9. tatbikat, 10. yrrlk.
operator see 1. operatr, 2. iletmen, 3. teknisyen, 4.

iletmeci, 5. cerrah (surgeon).
opinion see 1. fikir (conception, idea), 2. kan, 3.
dnce, 4. gr (sight), 5. kanaat.
opponent see 1. aleyhtar, 2. muhalif.
opportunity see frsat.
opposite see 1. kart, 2. zt, 3. kar, 4. aksi, 5.
karda, 6. karsnda, 7. ters (reverse).
opposition see 1. kartlk, 2. muhalefet, 3. ztlk.
oppression see 1. sknt, 2. zulm, 3. bask.
optical see optik.
optimism see iyimserlik.
optimistic see iyimser.
option see 1. seenek (alternative), 2. tercih.
optional see 1. semeli (selective), 2. seimli, 3.
opsiyonlu.
or see 1. veya, 2. yoksa, 3. yahut.
oral see 1. szl, 2. azdan.
orange see 1. portakal, 2. turuncu.
orbit see yrnge.
orchestra see orkestra.
ordeal see ile.
order see 1. dzen, 2. emretmek, 3. dzenlemek
(arrange, organize), 4. sra (rank, sequence), 5.
emir, 6. smarlamak, 7. sipari, 8. usul, 9. tertip,
10. snf (class), 11. tarikat, 12. yol (path, road,
route, way), 13. kural (rule, statute), 14. tabaka,
15. asayi, 16. mezhep, 17. komut (command),
18. smarlama, 19. dizi (array, series, string), 20.
eit.
ordinary see 1. sradan, 2. adi (common), 3. alelade,
4. allm, 5. baya, 6. normal (normal,
regular), 7. olaan.
organ see 1. organ, 2. org, 3. ara (implement,
instrument, means, tool), 4. alet (implement,
instrument, tool).
organic see 1. organik, 2. rgensel.
organism see 1. organizma, 2. rgt (organization).
organization see 1. rgt, 2. organizasyon, 3.
rgtlenme, 4. organizma (organism).
organize see 1. dzenlemek (arrange, order), 2.
rgtlemek.
orientation see Ynlendirme.
origin see 1. kaynak (resource, source), 2. kken, 3.
balang (beginning, start), 4. asl, 5. kk (root),
6. orijin, 7. mene.
original see 1. zgn, 2. orijinal, 3. asl, 4. yaratc.
originally see aslnda.
orthodox see ortodoks.
other see 1. dier, 2. baka (different, else), 3. br,
4. teki, 5. bakas.
otherwise see yoksa (or).
out see 1. darda, 2. darya, 3. dar.
outbreak see 1. kma, 2. salgn.
outcome see 1. sonu (effect, result), 2. son (end,
final, finish, last).
English - Turkish
outdoor see darda.
outer see 1. harici, 2. dardaki, 3. d.
outfit see 1. donatmak, 2. ekip, 3. grup (bunch,
group, set), 4. tehizat.
outgoing see 1. giden, 2. sempatik, 3. k (exit).
outlet see 1. az (mouth), 2. delik (hole), 3. yol
(path, road, route, way), 4. k (exit).
outline see 1. zet (abstract, summary), 2. taslak
(draft, sketch), 3. ereve (frame), 4. Kontur, 5.
profil (profile).
outlook see 1. grnm (appearance, view), 2.
grn.
output see 1. kt, 2. k (exit), 3. retim
(generation, production), 4. verim (efficiency,
yield), 5. randman.
outrage see 1. hakaret, 2. rezalet, 3. zulm.
outset see balang (beginning, origin, start).
outside see 1. d, 2. darda.
outsider see yabanc.
outskirts see varo.
outstanding see 1. denmemi, 2. sekin.
oven see 1. frn, 2. ocak.
over see 1. stnde (on), 2. stne, 3. zerine, 4.
zerinde, 5. boyunca, 6. ar (extreme), 7. bitmi,
8. tekrar (again).
overall see 1. ayrntl, 2. toplam (aggregate, sum,
total).
overlap see rtmek.
overnight see geceleyin.
overt see ak (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain,
shortage).
overwhelming see ezici.
owl see 1. bayku, 2. puhu.
own see 1. tanmak (know), 2. kendi (self), 3.
kendisinin, 4. z (self).
owner see sahip (lord).
ownership see 1. mlkiyet, 2. sahiplik, 3. iyelik
(possession).
oxygen see oksijen.
ozone see ozon.
P
pace see 1. adm (step), 2. yry (walk), 3.
admlamak, 4. hz (speed), 5. ayak (foot).
pacific see bar.
pack see 1. paketlemek, 2. paket (package, packet,
parcel), 3. boha, 4. sr (flock, herd), 5. kn, 6.
deste (deck).
package see 1. paket (pack, packet, parcel), 2.
boha, 3. koli, 4. ambalaj.
packed see paketlenmi.
packet see paket (pack, package, parcel).
571
pact see 1. pakt, 2. anlama (accord, agreement,

deal, understanding).
pad see 1. yastk, 2. iirmek, 3. stampa, 4.
doldurmak (fill), 5. tka.
paddy see eltik.
page see sayfa.
paid see 1. denmi, 2. cretli.
pain see 1. ar, 2. zmek, 3. ac (bitter, distress,
grief, sorrow), 4. azap, 5. sz.
pains see zahmet.
paint see 1. boyamak, 2. boya.
painter see 1. ressam (artist), 2. boyac.
painting see 1. resim (image, picture), 2. tablo
(picture, table), 3. ressamlk, 4. boyama.
pair see 1. ift (couple, double, dual, even), 2. e
(match, wife).
pal see 1. arkada (companion, friend), 2. dost
(friend).
palace see saray.
pale see 1. soluk (breath), 2. soldurmak, 3. solgun, 4.
solmak.
palm see 1. palmiye, 2. aya, 3. Avu.
pan see tava.
panel see 1. panel, 2. pano, 3. levha.
panic see panik.
paper see 1. kat, 2. gazete (newspaper), 3. belge
(document).
par see eitlik (equality).
parade see 1. gsteri, 2. gsteri (demonstration,
show).
paradise see cennet.
paradox see paradoks.
paragraph see 1. paragraf, 2. bent.
parallel see 1. paralel, 2. kout, 3. benzer
(analogous, like).
parameter see parametre.
paramount see stn.
parcel see 1. paket (pack, package, packet), 2. koli,
3. parsel, 4. takm (set, team).
pardon see 1. af, 2. affetmek (excuse, forgive), 3.
balamak (excuse, forgive), 4. balama.
parent see 1. Ebeveyn (parents), 2. st (top, upper).
parents see ebeveyn.
parish see mahalle.
park see park.
parliament see 1. parlamento, 2. meclis.
part see 1. para (component, item, piece, portion,
segment), 2. blm (chapter, department,
division, section), 3. rol, 4. pay (share), 5. taraf,
6. ayrlmak, 7. ksm (section), 8. ayrmak
grev (task).
partial see 1. ksmi, 2. blmsel.
participant see katlmc.
participation see 1. itirak, 2. katlma.
572
English - Turkish
particle see zerre.

particular see 1. zel (private, special), 2. belirli
(definite, specific), 3. ayrnt (detail), 4. ayrntl,
5. titiz.
particularly see 1. zellikle, 2. bilhassa.
partly see ksmen.
partner see 1. ortak (common, joint, mutual), 2. e
(match, wife).
partnership see ortaklk.
party see 1. parti (lot), 2. davet, 3. elence
(amusement, fun), 4. ahs (person).
pass see 1. gemek, 2. gei (transition), 3. geit, 4.
geirmek, 5. paso, 6. amak.
passage see 1. pasaj, 2. gei (pass, transition), 3.
geit, 4. geme, 5. koridor (corridor), 6. para
(component, item, part, piece, portion, segment).
passenger see yolcu.
passing see 1. geici (temporary, tentative), 2. geen
(last), 3. gei (pass, transition).
passion see 1. tutku (ambition), 2. ihtiras, 3. ak
(love).
passionate see 1. ihtirasl, 2. ateli, 3. hrsl.
passive see 1. pasif, 2. edilgen.
passport see pasaport.
past see 1. gemi, 2. geen (last), 3. sabk.
pat see basmakalp.
patch see 1. yamamak, 2. yama, 3. para
(component, item, part, piece, portion, segment).
patent see 1. patent, 2. patentli, 3. besbelli (evident).
path see 1. yol (road, route, way), 2. patika (trail).
pathetic see 1. ackl, 2. dokunakl (moving).
patience see sabr.
patient see 1. hasta (sick), 2. sabrl.
patrol see devriye.
patronage see 1. himaye, 2. koruma (conservation,
protection).
pattern see 1. desen, 2. kalp (cast), 3. model
(model), 4. numune, 5. rnek (example, model,
sample), 6. rnt, 7. ablon, 8. patron (boss,
governor).
pause see 1. duraklamak, 2. duraklama, 3. Duraklat,
4. mola (break), 5. durma (halt, stop).
pavement see kaldrm.
pay see 1. maa (salary, wage), 2. demek, 3. deme
(payment), 4. cret.
payable see 1. denebilir, 2. denecek.
payment see 1. deme, 2. karlk, 3. cret.
peace see 1. huzur, 2. bar, 3. sulh, 4. rahat (ease),
5. skun.
peaceful see 1. huzurlu, 2. sakin (quiet), 3.
barsever, 4. rahat (ease).
peak see 1. doruk (height, summit), 2. zirve (height,
summit), 3. tepe (hill), 4. u.
peasant see kyl.
peasantry see kyller.
peat see turba.

peculiar see 1. acayip, 2. zel (particular, private,
special), 3. tuhaf, 4. mahsus, 5. zg.
pen see 1. kalem (item), 2. dolmakalem, 3. al, 4.
kmes, 5. yazmak (type, write), 6. kapatmak
(close, shut).
penalty see 1. ceza (punishment), 2. penalt.
pencil see 1. kalem (item, pen), 2. kurunkalem.
pending see 1. beklemede, 2. askda.
penetration see yaygnlk.
penis see 1. penis, 2. kam (reed).
penny see 1. peni, 2. sent.
pension see pansiyon.
pensioner see emekli.
people see 1. halk, 2. ulus (nation), 3. millet, 4.
insanlar, 5. ahali.
pepper see biber.
percent see yzde.
percentage see 1. komisyon, 2. yzde, 3. yzdelik.
perception see 1. alg, 2. idrak, 3. sezi.
perfect see 1. eksiksiz (complete), 2. kusursuz, 3.
mkemmel (excellent), 4. tam (absolute, accurate,
complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 5.
mkemmelletirmek, 6. tamamlamak (complete).
perfection see 1. mkemmellik, 2. kusursuzluk, 3.
tamamlama (completion).
perfectly see tamamen (absolutely, altogether,
entirely).
perform see yapmak (do, fulfil, make).
performance see 1. performans, 2. gsteri
(demonstration, show), 3. baarm.
perhaps see 1. belki (maybe, possibly), 2.
muhtemelen.
period see 1. dnem, 2. nokta (dot, point, spot), 3.
devir, 4. ayba, 5. sre (duration, time), 6. devre
(circuit), 7. a (era), 8. regl, 9. adet.
periodic see 1. periyodik, 2. devirli.
peripheral see evresel (environmental).
permanent see 1. kalc, 2. srekli (continuous), 3.
daimi, 4. deimez (constant, fixed), 5. devaml,
6. sabit (constant, fixed).
permission see 1. izin (permit), 2. msaade, 3.
ruhsat.
permit see 1. izin (permission), 2. msaade, 3.
permi, 4. ruhsat, 5. brakmak (leave).
persistent see inat.
person see 1. kii, 2. ahs, 3. adam (fellow, guy,
man), 4. birey (individual), 5. kimse.
personal see 1. kiisel, 2. zel (particular, private,
special), 3. ahsi.
personality see 1. kiilik, 2. ahsiyet.
personally see 1. bizzat, 2. ahsen.
personnel see personel.
perspective see 1. perspektif, 2. grnm
(appearance, outlook, view).
persuade see 1. inandrmak, 2. kandrmak.
English - Turkish
persuasion see 1. ikna, 2. inan (belief), 3.
inandrma.
persuasive see inandrc.
pet see 1. okamak, 2. sevmek (like, love), 3.
sevimek, 4. gzde.
petition see 1. dileke, 2. rica.
petrol see benzin (gas).
petty see 1. kk (minor, small), 2. nemsiz
(minor, trivial).
phase see 1. evre, 2. faz, 3. safha, 4. aama.
phenomenon see 1. fenomen, 2. hadise, 3. grng.
philosopher see filozof.
philosophical see felsefi.
philosophy see felsefe.
phone see telefon (telephone).
photo see fotoraf (photograph).
photograph see fotoraf.
photographer see fotoraf.
photography see fotoraflk.
phrase see 1. tmcecik, 2. deyim (expression).
physical see 1. fiziksel, 2. bedensel.
physics see fizik.
physiological see fizyolojik.
piano see piyano.
pick see 1. toplamak (add, collect, gather, raise), 2.
semek (choose, select), 3. kazma, 4. seenek
(alternative, option), 5. koparmak, 6. ayklamak,
7. krdan.
picking see toplama (addition, collection).
picnic see piknik.
picture see 1. resim (image, painting), 2. grnt
(image), 3. tablo (table), 4. tasvir, 5. film (movie),
6. fotoraf (photograph).
picturesque see pitoresk.
pie see 1. turta, 2. tart.
piece see 1. para (component, item, part, portion,
segment), 2. piyes, 3. tane (grain), 4. rnek
(example, model, sample), 5. numune.
pig see 1. domuz, 2. aynasz.
pile see 1. hav, 2. ty, 3. ymak (stack), 4. kazk, 5.
kme (cluster, group), 6. servet, 7. yn (bulk,
mass, stack).
pillow see yastk.
pilot see 1. pilot, 2. klavuz (guide), 3. rehber
(guide).
pin see 1. ine (needle), 2. bacak (leg), 3. bro.
pine see am.
pink see pembe.
pipe see 1. boru (tube), 2. pipo, 3. ubuk (bar), 4.
kaval.
piper see 1. gaydac, 2. kavalc.
pit see 1. ukur, 2. oyuk, 3. parter.
pitch see 1. atmak (cast, throw), 2. ziftlemek, 3.
perde (curtain, screen), 4. saha (field), 5. zift, 6.
alan (area, domain, field, range, space).
573
pity see 1. acmak, 2. acma, 3. merhamet, 4. yazk.

place see 1. yer (earth, ground, location, seat, space),
2. koymak (put), 3. yerletirmek, 4. mevki, 5.
basamak (step), 6. mahal.
placement see 1. yerletirme, 2. koyma.
plain see 1. dz (flat, smooth, straight), 2. ak
(clear, explicit, free, light, open, shortage), 3. ova,
4. sade, 5. sssz, 6. drst (honest), 7. basit
(simple).
plainly see aka.
plaintiff see davac.
plan see 1. proje (design, project, scheme), 2.
planlamak, 3. plan, 4. niyet (intent, intention,
purpose), 5. kroki, 6. tasarlamak (design), 7.
taslak (draft, sketch), 8. tasar.
plane see 1. uak (aeroplane, aircraft), 2. planya, 3.
seviye, 4. rende, 5. rendelemek, 6. dzlem, 7.
dzey (level), 8. dmdz, 9. nar.
planet see gezegen.
planning see planlama.
plant see 1. bitki, 2. fabrika (factory), 3. hile, 4.
dikmek, 5. ekmek (bread).
plasma see plazma.
plaster see 1. yak, 2. sva, 3. svamak, 4. al, 5.
plaster.
plastic see plastik.
plate see 1. tabak, 2. plaka, 3. plaket, 4. kupa.
platform see peron.
plausible see makul (reasonable).
play see 1. oynamak, 2. hareket (act, action, motion,
move, movement), 3. piyes, 4. oyun (game), 5.
oynama, 6. elenmek, 7. elence (amusement,
fun), 8. faaliyet (activity).
player see oyuncu.
plea see 1. yalvarma, 2. savunma, 3. bahane
(excuse), 4. zr (apology, excuse), 5. rica.
pleasant see 1. ho, 2. irin, 3. gzel (beautiful, fair,
fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 4. tatl (sweet).
please see 1. ltfen, 2. sevindirmek.
pleased see 1. memnun (glad, happy), 2. honut.
pleasure see 1. haz, 2. keyif, 3. memnuniyet, 4.
zevk.
plenty see 1. bolluk (abundance), 2. bereket
(abundance).
plot see 1. arsa, 2. entrika, 3. parsel, 4. plan, 5.
suikast, 6. izmek (draw).
plus see art.
pocket see cep.
poem see 1. manzume, 2. iir.
poet see 1. ozan, 2. air.
poetic see 1. airane, 2. iirsel.
poetry see 1. iir, 2. iirler.
point see 1. nokta (dot, period, spot), 2. gstermek
(indicate, represent, show), 3. u, 4. puan, 5.
husus, 6. sivriltmek, 7. punto, 8. zellik
(characteristic, feature, property), 9. say
574
English - Turkish
(number), 10. mesele (affair, matter, question),

11. derece (degree, grade), 12. anlam (meaning,
sense, significance), 13. ama (aim, intent, object,
objective, purpose, target), 14. neden (cause,
why).
pointed see sivri (sharp).
pointless see 1. yararsz, 2. amasz, 3. anlamsz
(absurd).
poison see 1. zehir, 2. zehirlemek.
polar see 1. kutuplu, 2. kutupsal.
pole see 1. kutup, 2. direk, 3. srk, 4. polonyal.
police see polis.
policy see 1. polie, 2. politika (politics), 3. siyaset
(politics).
polish see 1. perdah, 2. cila, 3. cilalamak, 4. lehe,
5. parlaklk, 6. parlatmak, 7. Polonyal, 8. leh, 9.
incelik.
polite see 1. nazik, 2. kibar.
politely see 1. kibarca, 2. nezaketle.
political see 1. politik, 2. siyasal, 3. siyasi.
politician see politikac.
politics see 1. politika (policy), 2. siyaset.
poll see 1. anket, 2. oylama, 3. seim (choice,
election, selection), 4. yoklamak.
pollution see 1. kirlilik, 2. kirlenme, 3. kirletme, 4.
pislik.
polymer see polimer.
pond see havuz (pool).
pony see midilli.
pool see 1. havuz, 2. birletirmek (join), 3. glck.
poor see 1. fakir, 2. fena (evil), 3. kt (bad, evil), 4.
yoksul, 5. zavall, 6. az (few, little), 7. verimsiz.
poorly see hasta (sick).
pop see 1. baba (dad, father), 2. patlamak, 3. pop.
pope see Papa.
popular see popler.
popularity see poplerlik.
population see nfus.
porch see 1. sundurma, 2. veranda.
pork see domuz (pig).
port see 1. liman (harbour), 2. iskele, 3. delik (hole),
4. kap (door, gate), 5. lombar.
portable see 1. portatif, 2. tanabilir.
porter see 1. hamal, 2. kapc.
portfolio see 1. portfy, 2. bakanlk.
portion see 1. para (component, item, part, piece,
segment), 2. porsiyon, 3. pay (share), 4. ksm
(section), 5. hisse (share), 6. blm (chapter,
department, division, part, section), 7. eyiz, 8.
miktar (amount, quantity).
portrait see 1. dikey (vertical), 2. dey (vertical), 3.
portre.
position see 1. konum (location), 2. pozisyon, 3. yer
(earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 4.
mevki, 5. duru, 6. durum (state, status), 7. grev
(task), 8. yerletirmek.
positive see 1. pozitif, 2. olumlu, 3. art (plus), 4.

gerek (actual, fact, real, true), 5. kesin (definite).
positively see gerekten (indeed, really).
possession see 1. iyelik, 2. tasarruf, 3. mlk, 4.
smrge.
possibility see 1. olanak (facility), 2. olabilirlik.
possible see 1. mmkn, 2. olabilir, 3. olanakl, 4.
olas.
possibly see belki (maybe, perhaps).
post see 1. posta (mail), 2. karakol, 3. kazk, 4.
direk, 5. postalamak (mail), 6. yerletirmek.
postcard see kartpostal.
poster see 1. afi, 2. poster.
pot see kap (container).
potato see patates.
potent see 1. kuvvetli, 2. gl, 3. etkili.
potential see potansiyel.
pottery see mlekilik.
pound see 1. dvmek, 2. libre, 3. vurmak (hit).
pour see 1. dkmek, 2. dklmek, 3. boaltmak
(discharge, empty), 4. aktmak.
poverty see 1. yoksulluk, 2. fakirlik.
powder see 1. toz, 2. barut, 3. pudra.
power see 1. g (energy, force, strength), 2. iktidar,
3. kuvvet (force, strength), 4. yetenek (ability,
capability), 5. enerji (energy), 6. derman, 7.
kudret, 8. otorite, 9. s (base), 10. yetki
(authority), 11. erk.
powerful see 1. gl, 2. nfuzlu, 3. kuvvetli, 4.
etkili.
practicable see 1. uygulanabilir, 2. yaplabilir.
practical see 1. pratik, 2. uygulamal, 3. elverili, 4.
kullanl, 5. becerikli, 6. ameli.
practice see 1. pratik, 2. uygulama (application), 3.
alkanlk, 4. altrma (exercise), 5. idman, 6.
tatbikat.
pragmatic see pragmatik.
praise see 1. vg, 2. vme, 3. vmek, 4.
methetmek, 5. kretmek.
pray see yalvarmak.
prayer see dua.
precious see 1. deerli, 2. kymetli.
precise see 1. tam (absolute, accurate, complete,
exact, exactly, very), 2. kesin (definite), 3.
kusursuz, 4. kati.
precisely see kesinlikle.
precision see kesinlik.
predecessor see 1. ata, 2. ncel, 3. selef, 4. cet.
predict see ngrmek.
prediction see 1. tahmin (forecast), 2. kehanet.
prefer see 1. yelemek, 2. sunmak (submit).
preferably see tercihen.
preference see tercih.
preferred see tercihli.
pregnancy see 1. gebelik, 2. hamilelik.
English - Turkish
pregnant see 1. hamile, 2. gebe.
prejudice see nyarg (bias).
preliminary see 1. ilk (first, initial), 2. n (front).
premature see 1. mevsimsiz, 2. prematre, 3.
vakitsiz.
premier see 1. babakan, 2. birinci (first), 3. ba
(chief, head, master).
premises see arazi.
premium see 1. prim, 2. dl (reward), 3. ikramiye.
preoccupation see 1. kayg, 2. tasa.
preparation see 1. hazrlk, 2. hazrlama, 3.
hazrlanma.
prepare see hazrlamak.
prepared see 1. hazr, 2. hazrlkl, 3. istekli.
prescription see 1. reete, 2. emir.
presence see 1. huzur (peace), 2. varlk (entity), 3.
duru.
present see 1. armaan (gift), 2. hediye (gift), 3.
imdiki, 4. sunmak (submit), 5. mevcut, 6. hazr,
7. tantmak.
presentation see 1. sunma, 2. sunu, 3. takdim, 4.
tantma, 5. sunu, 6. ibraz, 7. gsterme.
presently see 1. birazdan, 2. imdi (now).
preservation see 1. koruma (conservation,
protection), 2. korunma, 3. muhafaza, 4. saklama.
preserve see 1. saklamak (save, store), 2. korumak
(maintain, protect, shield), 3. reel (jam).
presidency see bakanlk.
president see 1. bakan (chairman), 2. rektr.
press see 1. basmak, 2. basn, 3. pres, 4. bask, 5.
cendere, 6. zorlamak (force), 7. tlemek, 8.
skmak, 9. sktrmak, 10. matbaa, 11. kalabalk,
12. basmevi, 13. mengene.
pressing see 1. acil (urgent), 2. acele, 3. ivedi.
pressure see 1. basn, 2. bask, 3. tazyik.
prestige see 1. itibar, 2. nfuz, 3. prestij.
presumably see 1. galiba, 2. muhtemelen.
pretty see 1. gzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome,
lovely), 2. sevimli, 3. ho (pleasant), 4. olduka
(fairly, rather).
prevalence see yaygnlk.
prevent see nlemek.
prevention see 1. nleme, 2. engelleme.
previously see 1. nceden, 2. evvelce.
price see 1. fiyat, 2. eder, 3. paha, 4. bedel, 5.
kymet, 6. deer.
pride see 1. gurur, 2. iftihar, 3. onur, 4. kibir, 5.
azamet.
priest see 1. papaz, 2. rahip.
primarily see 1. balca, 2. aslnda.
primary see 1. birincil, 2. ana (chief, main, major,
master, principal), 3. birinci (first), 4. ba (chief,
head, master).
prime see 1. ba (chief, head, master), 2. balca, 3.
ilk (first, initial, preliminary).
575
primitive see ilkel.

prince see 1. prens, 2. ehzade, 3. hkmdar.
princess see prenses.
principal see 1. ana (chief, main, major, master), 2.
ba (chief, head, master), 3. balca, 4. temel
(base, basic, elementary, foundation).
principle see 1. ilke, 2. prensip, 3. kaide, 4. kken
(origin).
print see 1. basmak (press), 2. yazdr, 3. iz (trace,
track, trail), 4. bask, 5. basma.
printer see 1. yazc, 2. matbaac, 3. basmc, 4.
yazc.
printing see 1. tabetme, 2. bask.
prior see nceki (former).
priority see ncelik.
prison see 1. cezaevi, 2. hapishane (jail), 3. tutukevi.
prisoner see 1. esir, 2. mahpus, 3. tutsak, 4. tutuklu.
privacy see 1. mahremiyet, 2. gizlilik, 3. yalnzlk.
private see 1. zel (particular, special), 2. asker
(soldier), 3. er, 4. kiisel (personal), 5. mahrem.
privilege see 1. ayrcalk, 2. imtiyaz (concession,
franchise).
prize see 1. dl (reward), 2. ikramiye, 3. ganimet.
probability see 1. ihtimal, 2. olaslk.
probable see 1. muhtemel, 2. olas.
probably see muhtemelen.
probation see 1. deneme (essay, trial), 2. staj.
probe see 1. sonda, 2. aratrmak (explore,
investigate, research), 3. aratrma (investigation,
research), 4. yoklamak, 5. demek.
problem see 1. sorun (issue), 2. problem, 3. mesele
(affair, matter, question).
procedure see 1. prosedr, 2. yordam.
proceed see ilerlemek (advance).
proceeds see 1. kazan (gain), 2. verim (efficiency,
yield), 3. gelir.
process see 1. sre, 2. ilem, 3. yntem (method),
4. ilemek.
processing see 1. ilem, 2. ileme.
processor see ilemci.
produce see 1. retmek (generate), 2. rn (crop,
product), 3. gstermek (indicate, point, represent,
show).
producer see 1. retici, 2. yapmc, 3. prodktr.
product see 1. rn (crop), 2. arpm, 3. sonu
(effect, outcome, result).
production see 1. retim (generation), 2. yapm, 3.
imal, 4. rn (crop, product), 5. istihsal, 6. eser,
7. yapt.
productive see 1. retken, 2. verimli (fertile), 3.
yaratc, 4. bereketli (fertile).
productivity see 1. verimlilik (efficiency, fertility),
2. retkenlik, 3. prodktivite.
profession see 1. ura, 2. meslek, 3. i (action,
affair, deed, job, work), 4. sanat (art), 5. beyan.
576
English - Turkish
professional see 1. profesyonel, 2. mesleki.

professor see profesr.
profile see profil.
profit see 1. kar, 2. kazan (gain, proceeds).
profitable see 1. kazanl, 2. yararl, 3. faydal.
profound see derin.
program see 1. programlamak, 2. program
(programme).
programme see 1. program (program), 2.
programlamak (program), 3. planlamak.
programming see programlama.
progress see 1. ilerleme (advance, advancement), 2.
ilerlemek (advance), 3. gelimek, 4. gelime.
progressive see 1. ilerici, 2. gelien, 3. ilerleyen.
prohibition see yasak (forbidden).
project see 1. proje (design, plan, scheme), 2. tasar,
3. plan, 4. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 5.
tasarlamak (design), 6. planlamak.
projection see 1. izdm, 2. projeksiyon, 3. knt,
4. frlatma, 5. proje (design, plan, project,
scheme), 6. gsterim, 7. atma.
prominence see 1. knt, 2. nem, 3. n (fame), 4.
hret, 5. tmsek, 6. burun (nose).
prominent see 1. kntl, 2. sekin, 3. nl
(famous).
promise see 1. sz (word), 2. vaat.
promote see ykseltmek (raise).
promoter see kurucu.
promotion see 1. terfi (advancement), 2. ykselme,
3. ykseltme.
prone see yzkoyun.
pronunciation see 1. telaffuz, 2. syleni.
proof see 1. kant (evidence), 2. deneme (essay,
trial), 3. kantlama, 4. ispat, 5. delil, 6. salama,
7. geirmez.
propaganda see propaganda (publicity).
proper see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2.
mnasip, 3. doru (accurate, correct, right, true),
4. gerek (actual, fact, real, true), 5. tam
precise, very).
properties see zellikler.
property see 1. zellik (characteristic, feature), 2.
mal, 3. mlk, 4. mlkiyet (ownership), 5. nitelik
(quality).
proportion see orant.
proportional see 1. orantl, 2. nispi.
proposal see 1. neri (suggestion), 2. teklif, 3.
nerge.
propose see nermek (suggest).
proposition see 1. nerme, 2. neri (suggestion), 3.
sav (thesis), 4. teklif.
proprietor see sahip (lord, owner).
prose see 1. nesir, 2. dzyaz.
prosecution see kovuturma.
prospect see 1. umut (hope), 2. olaslk, 3. ihtimal,

4. manzara (view), 5. grnm (appearance,
outlook, view).
prospective see 1. beklenen, 2. muhtemel.
prosperity see 1. gnen, 2. refah (welfare).
prosperous see 1. baarl, 2. uygun (appropriate,
apt, suitable).
protect see korumak (maintain, shield).
protected see korunmu.
protection see 1. koruma (conservation), 2. himaye,
3. korunma, 4. muhafaza.
protective see koruyucu.
protein see protein.
protest see 1. protesto, 2. itiraz.
protocol see 1. protokol, 2. tutanak.
prototype see prototip.
proud see 1. gururlu, 2. kibirli (arrogant), 3. marur,
4. azametli, 5. onurlu.
prove see 1. kantlamak, 2. kmak (exit).
provide see 1. salamak, 2. vermek (give, grant).
province see 1. il, 2. eyalet (state).
provincial see 1. grgsz, 2. taral.
provision see 1. hkm, 2. hazrlk (preparation), 3.
koul, 4. salama, 5. tedarik.
provisional see geici (passing, temporary,
tentative).
provisions see erzak.
psychiatric see psikiyatrik.
psychological see psikolojik.
psychologist see 1. psikolog, 2. ruhbilimci.
psychology see 1. psikoloji, 2. ruhbilim.
pub see 1. meyhane, 2. birahane, 3. bar (bar).
public see 1. kamu, 2. genel (general), 3. halk
(people), 4. kamusal, 5. amme, 6. aleni.
publication see yayn.
publicity see 1. propaganda (propaganda), 2.
tantm, 3. tantma, 4. reklam (advertisement).
publicly see alenen (openly).
publish see 1. yaymlamak, 2. basmak (press).
publisher see 1. yaymc, 2. editr.
publishing see yaymclk.
pudding see 1. Muhallebi, 2. puding.
pull see 1. ekmek (drag, draw), 2. ekme, 3.
yolmak, 4. iltimas, 5. eki, 6. etki (action, effect,
impact, influence), 7. gelmek (come), 8. kayrma,
9. nfuz, 10. aslmak.
pulse see 1. vurum, 2. nabz, 3. bakliyat, 4. arpmak,
5. vuru (stroke).
pump see 1. pompalamak, 2. pompa, 3. tulumba.
punch see 1. delgi, 2. yumruklamak, 3. zmbalamak,
4. yumruk, 5. zmba.
punishment see 1. ceza, 2. cezalandrma, 3. eziyet.
pupil see 1. renci (student), 2. gzbebei.
purchase see 1. alm, 2. kazanmak (win).
English - Turkish
purchaser see 1. alc (buyer, client, customer,
receiver), 2. mteri (client, customer).
pure see 1. saf (absolute, clean), 2. ar, 3. temiz
(clean, clear), 4. halis, 5. lekesiz, 6. katksz, 7.
katksz.
purity see 1. arlk, 2. saflk, 3. temizlik.
purple see mor.
purpose see 1. ama (aim, intent, object, objective,
target), 2. niyet (intent, intention), 3. maksat
(intention), 4. gaye (aim), 5. tasarlamak (design),
6. kast (intention), 7. kastetmek.
purse see 1. bzmek, 2. dl (reward).
pursue see 1. izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail),
2. srdrmek (continue), 3. kovalamak.
pursuit see 1. takip, 2. kovalama.
push see 1. itmek, 2. hcum (aggression, assault,
attack), 3. iti, 4. itme, 5. kakma, 6. sktrmak.
put see 1. koymak, 2. yerletirmek.
pyramid see piramit.
Q
qualification see 1. niteleme, 2. nitelik (quality), 3.
vasf, 4. kstlama, 5. snrlama, 6. yeterlik, 7.
ehliyet.
qualified see 1. vasfl, 2. artl, 3. kalifiye, 4.
nitelikli, 5. kstl.
qualify see nitelemek.
qualitative see nitel.
quality see 1. kalite, 2. nitelik, 3. zellik
(characteristic, feature, property), 4. vasf.
quantitative see nicel.
quantity see 1. miktar (amount), 2. nicelik.
quantum see 1. hisse (share), 2. kuantum, 3. miktar
(amount, quantity), 4. nicem, 5. pay (share).
quarter see 1. eyrek, 2. mahalle, 3. semt, 4. blge
(belt, district, region, zone), 5. aman, 6.
yerletirmek.
quarters see kla.
queen see 1. kralie, 2. dam (roof), 3. kz (girl), 4.
vezir, 5. ibne.
quest see 1. aramak (search, seek), 2. soruturma
(inquiry), 3. aratrma (investigation, research), 4.
arama, 5. aratrmak (explore, investigate,
research).
question see 1. soru, 2. mesele (affair, matter), 3.
sorgu (inquiry), 4. sorun (issue, problem), 5.
phe (suspicion), 6. kuku, 7. problem
(problem).
queue see 1. kuyruk (tail), 2. sra (order, rank,
sequence).
quick see 1. hzl (fast, swift), 2. abuk, 3. sratli, 4.
tez, 5. canl (alive, live, lively, living), 6. keskin
577
(bitter, sharp), 7. seri (series), 8. abucak, 9.

anlayl.
quickly see 1. hzla, 2. abucak.
quiet see 1. sessiz, 2. sakin, 3. sessizlik (silence), 4.
durgun, 5. grltsz, 6. susturmak, 7. hareketsiz,
8. gsterisiz, 9. huzur (peace).
quite see 1. tamamen (absolutely, altogether,
entirely), 2. olduka (fairly, rather), 3. pek (very),
4. epey.
quota see 1. pay (share), 2. kontenjan, 3. kota, 4.
hisse (share).
quotation see 1. iktibas, 2. aktarma (transfer), 3.
alnt.
quote see aktarmak (transfer).
R
rabbit see tavan.
race see 1. rk, 2. soy, 3. yar, 4. kou, 5. nesil, 6.
yarmak.
racism see rklk.
rack see 1. raf (shelf), 2. ask.
radar see radar.
radiation see 1. radyasyon, 2. ma, 3. nm.
radical see 1. radikal, 2. kk (root), 3. kktenci, 4.
kkl.
radio see 1. radyo, 2. telsiz.
radioactive see radyoaktif.
radius see yarap.
rage see 1. hiddet (anger), 2. kprmek, 3. moda
(fashion), 4. fke (anger).
ragged see pejmrde.
raid see 1. akn, 2. baskn, 3. basmak (press).
rail see 1. demiryolu (railway), 2. parmaklk, 3. ray.
railway see demiryolu.
rain see 1. yamur, 2. yadrmak.
raise see 1. ykseltmek, 2. toplamak (add, collect,
gather, pick), 3. bytmek (expand), 4.
yetitirmek, 5. kaldrmak (lift, remove), 6. zam,
7. dikmek, 8. artrmak (increase), 9. kabartmak.
raised see kabark.
rally see 1. taklmak, 2. ralli, 3. miting, 4. toplant, 5.
toparlanmak.
ram see 1. ko, 2. ahmerdan, 3. toslamak.
random see rasgele.
range see 1. erim, 2. alan (area, domain, field,
space), 3. sra (order, rank, sequence), 4. saha
(field), 5. otlak, 6. menzil, 7. dizi (array, series,
string), 8. uzanmak, 9. dizmek.
rank see 1. sra (order, sequence), 2. rtbe, 3. dizi
(array, series, string), 4. derece (degree, grade), 5.
aama, 6. bol (abundant, ample), 7. saf (absolute,
578
English - Turkish
clean, pure), 8. saymak (count, number), 9. snf

(class), 10. gr.
rape see kolza.
rapid see 1. hzl (fast, quick, swift), 2. seri (series),
3. dik.
rare see 1. seyrek, 2. nadir, 3. olaanst.
rarely see nadiren.
rat see 1. san, 2. hain, 3. dnek, 4. kalle.
rate see 1. oran (ratio), 2. saymak (count, number),
3. hz (speed), 4. kur, 5. fiyat (price), 6. derece
(degree, grade), 7. nispet, 8. snf (class), 9. cret.
rather see 1. olduka (fairly), 2. biraz (some).
ratio see 1. oran (rate), 2. nispet.
rational see 1. mantkl, 2. rasyonel, 3. makul
(reasonable), 4. ussal.
rationale see gereke.
raw see 1. ham, 2. ilenmemi, 3. pimemi, 4. i,
5. acemi, 6. taze (fresh), 7. deneyimsiz.
ray see n (beam).
re see yeniden (again).
reach see 1. uzatmak (extend), 2. ulamak, 3.
yetimek, 4. uzanmak, 5. uzanma, 6. menzil, 7.
erime, 8. alan (area, domain, field, range, space),
9. varmak (arrive, get).
react see tepkimek.
reaction see 1. tepki, 2. reaksiyon, 3. tepkime, 4.
gericilik, 5. irtica.
reactor see reaktr.
read see 1. okumak, 2. Okuma (reading), 3.
yorumlamak (interpret), 4. anlamak (see,
understand).
reader see 1. okuyucu, 2. okur, 3. dzeltmen, 4.
okutman.
readily see 1. isteyerek, 2. kolayca (easily).
readiness see 1. gnlllk, 2. abukluk.
reading see 1. okuma, 2. yorum (comment,
interpretation).
ready see 1. hazr, 2. alesta.
real see 1. gerek (actual, fact, true), 2. hakiki, 3.
sahici, 4. asl.
realism see 1. gerekilik, 2. realizm.
realistic see 1. gereki, 2. realist.
reality see 1. gerek (actual, fact, real, true), 2.
hakikat, 3. gereklik.
realize see 1. gerekletirmek, 2. anlamak (see,
understand), 3. uygulamak (apply).
really see 1. gerekten (indeed), 2. sahiden, 3.
aslnda, 4. cidden, 5. hakikaten.
realm see 1. lke (country), 2. alan (area, domain,
field, range, space), 3. krallk.
rear see 1. bytmek (expand), 2. yetitirmek, 3.
arka (back), 4. art, 5. dikmek, 6. geri (back), 7.
ahlanmak.
reason see 1. neden (cause, why), 2. akl
(intelligence, mind), 3. gereke, 4. us, 5.
dnmek (think).
reasonable see 1. makul, 2. akll (intelligent, wise).

reasoning see muhakeme.
reassurance see reasrans.
rebel see 1. ayaklanmak (revolt), 2. isyanc, 3. asi.
rebellion see 1. isyan, 2. ayaklanma.
recall see 1. anmsamak (remember), 2. hatrlama, 3.
hatrlamak (remember).
receipt see 1. makbuz, 2. alnd (acknowledgement).
receive see 1. almak (accept, buy, get, have, take), 2.
kaldrmak (lift, remove), 3. uramak, 4. tamak
(bear, carry).
receiver see 1. alc (buyer, client, customer), 2.
ahize, 3. alma, 4. tahsildar.
receiving see al.
recent see yeni (new, novel).
reception see 1. resepsiyon, 2. kabul (acceptance,
admission), 3. alma, 4. karlama.
recession see 1. d, 2. durgunluk, 3. gerileme, 4.
girinti.
recipe see 1. reete (prescription), 2. zm
(solution).
reckless see 1. kaytsz (indifferent), 2. pervasz.
reckon see saymak (count, number).
recognition see 1. tanma, 2. kabul (acceptance,
admission, reception), 3. tannma.
recognize see tanmak (know).
recommendation see 1. t (advice, counsel), 2.
tavsiye (tip).
reconciliation see 1. uzlama, 2. barma, 3. bar
(peace).
record see 1. kaydetmek (register), 2. dosya (file), 3.
kayt, 4. plak, 5. sicil, 6. tutanak, 7. rekor, 8.
yazmak (type, write), 9. hret, 10. belge
(document), 11. isim (name, noun).
recording see kayt (record).
recover see 1. kurtarmak (save), 2. iyilemek.
recovery see 1. iyileme, 2. kurtarma (rescue).
recreation see 1. elence (amusement, fun), 2.
dinlenme (rest), 3. teneffs.
recurrence see tekerrr.
red see 1. krmz, 2. kzl, 3. al, 4. krmz, 5.
komnist.
redemption see 1. amortisman, 2. kefaret, 3.
kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 4. deme (payment).
reduce see 1. azaltmak (decrease), 2. indirmek, 3.
kltmek.
reduction see 1. indirim, 2. indirgeme, 3. kltme,
4. azaltma.
redundancy see artklk.
redundant see 1. gereksiz, 2. lzumsuz.
reed see 1. kam, 2. saz, 3. sipsi.
refer see 1. bavurmak, 2. bakmak (look, maintain,
regard, view, watch), 3. gndermek (forward,
send), 4. deinmek.
referee see 1. hakem, 2. bilirkii (expert).
English - Turkish
reference see 1. ilgi (interest), 2. referans, 3.
gnderme, 4. ima, 5. bonservis, 6. bavurma.
referendum see referandum.
reflect see 1. yanstmak, 2. dnmek (think).
reflection see 1. yansma, 2. akis, 3. hayal, 4.
aksetme, 5. ayplama, 6. yank (echo).
reform see 1. reform, 2. dzeltmek, 3. slah.
refuge see 1. snak, 2. barnak, 3. refj.
refugee see mlteci.
refusal see 1. ret, 2. reddetme.
refuse see 1. dknt, 2. reddetmek, 3. sprnt, 4.
artk (remainder, residual).
regard see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, view,
watch), 2. bak (look, view), 3. itibar, 4. sayg, 5.
saymak (count, number), 6. dikkat (attention), 7.
hrmet.
regeneration see yenilenme.
regime see 1. rejim, 2. sistem (system).
regiment see alay.
region see 1. blge (belt, district, zone), 2. evre
(environment), 3. yre.
regional see blgesel.
register see 1. kaydetmek (record), 2. sicil, 3. ktk,
4. yazmak (type, write), 5. yazma, 6. saya
(counter), 7. liste (list).
registered see 1. kaytl, 2. taahhtl, 3. tescilli.
registration see 1. kayt (record), 2. tescil, 3.
kaydetme.
regression see 1. gerileme, 2. regresyon.
regret see 1. pimanlk, 2. znt, 3. esef, 4. teessf,
5. zlmek (worry), 6. aramak (search, seek).
regular see 1. dzenli, 2. normal (normal), 3.
olaan, 4. muntazam, 5. dzgn (smooth).
regularly see muntazaman.
regulate see 1. ayarlamak (adjust, set), 2.
dzenlemek (arrange, order, organize).
regulation see ayarlama.
regulations see 1. mevzuat, 2. nizamname, 3. tzk,
4. ynetmelik.
rehabilitation see rehabilitasyon.
rehearsal see prova.
reign see saltanat.
reinforce see salamlatrmak.
reject see 1. reddetmek, 2. skarta.
rejection see ret.
relate see anlatmak (tell).
related see 1. akraba, 2. ilgili.
relation see 1. iliki, 2. bant, 3. ilgi (interest,
reference), 4. nispet, 5. akraba.
relational see ilikisel.
relationship see 1. akrabalk, 2. iliki (relation).
relative see 1. greli, 2. greceli, 3. bal, 4.
bantl, 5. akraba, 6. izafi, 7. nispi, 8. hsm.
relatively see 1. nispeten, 2. olduka (fairly, rather).
579
relax see 1. dinlenmek, 2. gevetmek, 3.

yumuamak.
relaxation see 1. geveme, 2. gevetme, 3. dinlenme
(rest), 4. yumuatma.
release see 1. brakmak (leave), 2. kurtulu, 3.
salverme, 4. salvermek, 5. tahliye.
relevant see uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable).
reliability see gvenilirlik.
reliable see 1. gvenilir, 2. emniyetli.
reliance see 1. itimat, 2. gven (faith).
relief see 1. are, 2. kabartma, 3. kurtarma
(recovery, rescue), 4. rlyef, 5. yardm
(assistance, help).
relieve see kurtarmak (save).
religion see 1. din, 2. iman, 3. mezhep, 4. diyanet.
religious see 1. dindar, 2. dinsel, 3. dini, 4. sofu.
reluctance see 1. gnlszlk, 2. isteksizlik.
reluctant see 1. gnlsz, 2. isteksiz.
remain see 1. kalmak (stay), 2. durmak (cease, halt,
stand, stop).
remainder see 1. kalan, 2. bakiye, 3. artk
(residual).
remaining see artan.
remark see 1. aklama (explanation), 2. sylemek
(say, tell).
remarkable see 1. olaanst, 2. fevkalade.
remedy see 1. ila (drug), 2. dzeltmek, 3. are, 4.
deva, 5. derman, 6. iyiletirmek.
remember see 1. anmsamak, 2. hatrlamak, 3.
anmak, 4. unutmamak.
reminiscent see 1. hatrlatan, 2. hatrlayan.
remote see uzak (distant, far).
remove see 1. kaldrmak (lift), 2. karmak, 3.
defetmek, 4. silmek (cancel, wipe), 5. derece
(degree, grade).
renaissance see Rnesans.
render see 1. vermek (give, grant), 2. klmak, 3.
etmek (do, make), 4. evirmek.
renewal see yenileme.
renowned see 1. hretli, 2. nl (famous).
rent see 1. kira, 2. kiralamak, 3. yark, 4. yrtk.
repair see 1. onarm, 2. onarmak, 3. tamir, 4.
gidermek, 5. dzeltmek, 6. gitmek (go).
repay see demek (pay).
repayment see karlk.
repeat see 1. yinelemek, 2. tekrarlamak, 3. nakarat,
4. tekrarlama, 5. Yinele.
repertoire see repertuar.
repetition see 1. yineleme, 2. tekrar (again), 3.
tekrarlama.
replace see deitirmek (alter, change, modify).
replacement see 1. deitirme, 2. yenileme.
reply see 1. cevap (answer, response), 2. yant
(response), 3. karlk.
580
English - Turkish
report see 1. rapor, 2. sylenti, 3. sylemek (say,

tell), 4. haber, 5. bilgi (information, knowledge),
6. anlatmak (relate, tell), 7. bildirmek (inform), 8.
hret, 9. bildiri.
reporter see 1. muhabir, 2. raportr.
represent see 1. gstermek (indicate, point, show),
2. betimlemek (describe).
representation see 1. temsil, 2. gsterim, 3.
temsilcilik.
representative see 1. temsilci, 2. vekil, 3.
mmessil, 4. tipik (typical).
repression see tutma (hold).
reproduction see 1. reme, 2. reprodksiyon, 3.
oaltma.
republic see cumhuriyet.
republican see cumhuriyeti.
reputation see 1. ad (name), 2. hret, 3. n (fame),
4. nam.
request see 1. istek, 2. istemek (want), 3. dilek, 4.
rica, 5. talep (claim).
require see istemek (want).
required see gerekli (necessary).
requirement see 1. gereksinim, 2. gerek, 3. icap, 4.
ihtiya.
rescue see 1. kurtarma (recovery), 2. kurtarmak
(save).
research see 1. aratrma (investigation), 2.
aratrmak (explore, investigate), 3. incelemek.
resemblance see benzerlik (analogy, similarity).
resentment see 1. gcenme, 2. ierleme, 3. kzma.
reservation see 1. rezervasyon, 2. art.
reserve see 1. ayrmak (appropriate, divide,
separate, split), 2. yedek (substitute), 3. rezerv, 4.
ekingenlik, 5. ihtiyat.
reserved see 1. ayrlm, 2. ekingen (shy).
reservoir see 1. depo (store), 2. hazne.
residence see 1. konut, 2. oturma, 3. ev (home,
house).
resident see 1. sakin (quiet), 2. yerleik.
residual see artk (remainder).
resign see ekilmek.
resist see 1. dayanmak, 2. direnmek.
resistance see 1. direnme, 2. rezistans, 3. dayanma,
4. diren, 5. mukavemet, 6. direni, 7.
dayankllk.
resistant see direnli.
resolution see 1. karar (decision), 2. nerge, 3.
teklif, 4. azim, 5. zm (solution), 6.
znrlk, 7. kararllk.
resolve see 1. zmek, 2. halletmek, 3. karar
(decision), 4. niyet (intent, intention, purpose).
resolved see 1. azimli, 2. kararl.
resource see 1. kaynak (origin, source), 2. are.
resources see 1. kaynaklar, 2. olanaklar.
respect see 1. sayg, 2. hrmet, 3. riayet.
respectable see 1. saygn, 2. saygdeer, 3.

namuslu.
respects see 1. sayglar, 2. hrmetler.
response see 1. yant, 2. cevap (answer, reply), 3.
karlk, 4. tepki (reaction).
responsibility see sorumluluk (liability).
responsible see sorumlu.
responsive see 1. hassas, 2. hevesli.
rest see 1. dinlenme, 2. es, 3. dinlenmek, 4. durak
(station, stop), 5. rahat (ease), 6. dayanak
(support), 7. mesnet, 8. kalan (remainder), 9.
istirahat, 10. hareketsizlik, 11. dayanmak, 12.
destek (support), 13. bakiye (remainder), 14. artk
(remainder, residual), 15. dinlendirmek.
restaurant see 1. restoran, 2. lokanta.
restless see huzursuz.
restoration see 1. iade, 2. onarm (repair), 3.
restorasyon, 4. yenileme.
restore see onarmak (repair).
restraint see 1. bask, 2. snrlama, 3. tutma (hold).
restrict see snrlamak.
restricted see 1. snrl, 2. gizli (confidential,
hidden), 3. dar (narrow).
restriction see snrlama.
restrictive see 1. kstlayc, 2. snrlayc.
result see 1. sonu (effect, outcome), 2. rn (crop,
product), 3. netice, 4. semere, 5. son (end, final,
finish, last).
resume see 1. srdr, 2. Devam (continuation).
retail see perakende.
retain see tutmak (hold, keep).
retire see ekilmek.
retired see emekli.
retirement see 1. emeklilik, 2. inziva.
retreat see snak (refuge).
return see 1. dnmek (turn), 2. dn (turn), 3.
getirmek (bring, fetch), 4. iade, 5. karlk, 6.
kazan (gain, proceeds), 7. nksetme.
reveal see aklamak (explain).
revelation see vahiy.
revenge see 1. intikam, 2. .
revenue see gelir.
reverend see muhterem.
reverse see 1. ters, 2. aksi, 3. arka (back), 4. yenilgi,
5. zt.
review see 1. eletiri, 2. dergi (magazine).
revision see tashih.
revival see 1. uyan, 2. canlanma.
revolt see 1. ayaklanmak (rebel), 2. ayaklanma, 3.
isyan, 4. bakaldrmak, 5. irendirmek.
revolution see 1. devrim, 2. ihtilal, 3. devir
(period), 4. dnme (rotation).
revolutionary see devrimci.
reward see 1. dl, 2. dllendirmek, 3. karlk.
rhythm see 1. ritim, 2. vezin, 3. ritm.
English - Turkish
rhythmic see ritmik.
ribbon see 1. erit, 2. kurdela, 3. kurdele.
rice see 1. pirin (brass), 2. Pilav.
rich see 1. zengin (wealthy), 2. bol (abundant,
ample), 3. gr, 4. paral, 5. bereketli (fertile), 6.
ar (heavy, serious), 7. verimli (fertile).
ride see 1. binme, 2. gezinti.
rider see 1. atl, 2. binici.
ridge see srt (back).
ridiculous see 1. gln, 2. komik, 3. sama
(absurd).
riding see 1. binicilik, 2. binme.
rifle see 1. tfek (gun), 2. soymak.
right see 1. sa, 2. doru (accurate, correct, true), 3.
hakl, 4. hak, 5. dz (flat, plain, smooth, straight),
6. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 7.
dzeltmek, 8. drst (honest), 9. dorultmak, 10.
dik, 11. gerek (actual, fact, real, true).
rigid see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. eilmez, 3. kat
(solid), 4. bklmez, 5. deimez (constant,
fixed).
rigorous see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. iddetli (bitter).
rim see 1. jant, 2. kenar (border, edge, margin, side,
verge), 3. ereve (frame).
ring see 1. halka, 2. yzk, 3. almak (steal), 4.
ember, 5. nlamak, 6. nlatmak, 7. daire
(circle), 8. ring.
riot see 1. isyan, 2. ayaklanma, 3. ayaklanmak
(rebel, revolt), 4. amata.
ripe see 1. hazr, 2. olgun, 3. olmu.
rise see 1. ykselmek, 2. kmak (exit), 3. domak,
4. ykseli, 5. kalkmak, 6. tmsek, 7. ykselme,
8. terfi (advancement), 9. dou, 10. art
(increase), 11. bayr.
rising see 1. ayaklanma, 2. isyan, 3. ykselen.
risk see 1. risk, 2. riziko, 3. tehlike (danger, hazard).
risky see 1. riskli, 2. rizikolu, 3. tehlikeli
(dangerous, hazardous).
ritual see trensel.
rival see rakip.
river see 1. nehir, 2. rmak.
road see 1. yol (path, route, way), 2. karayolu.
roar see 1. grleme, 2. grlemek, 3. kkreme, 4.
kkremek.
rob see soymak.
robbery see 1. hrszlk (theft), 2. soygun.
robust see 1. grbz, 2. salam, 3. gl.
rock see 1. kaya, 2. sallanmak, 3. elmas (diamond),
4. sallamak, 5. ta (stone).
rocket see 1. roket, 2. fze.
rocky see kayalk.
role see rol.
roll see 1. yuvarlamak, 2. yalpa, 3. liste (list), 4.
yuvarlanma, 5. salnmak, 6. sarmak (wind), 7.
silindir (cylinder), 8. tomar, 9. dalgalanma, 10.
rulo, 11. top (ball, gun).
581
rolling see yuvarlanma.

romance see 1. masal, 2. romans.
romantic see romantik.
roof see 1. dam, 2. at.
room see 1. oda (chamber), 2. yer (earth, ground,
location, place, seat, space), 3. frsat, 4. neden
(cause, why), 5. meydan.
root see 1. kk, 2. kaynak (origin, resource, source),
3. kken (origin).
rope see 1. ip (string), 2. halat, 3. urgan, 4. kement.
rose see gl.
rosemary see biberiye.
rotation see 1. dnme, 2. dn (return, turn), 3.
rotasyon, 4. deveran, 5. devir (period).
rotten see 1. rk, 2. berbat, 3. kokmu, 4. bozuk
(broken), 5. clk.
rough see 1. kaba (coarse, crude, gross), 2. przl,
3. taslak (draft, sketch), 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5.
kabataslak, 6. hoyrat, 7. frtnal, 8. kabaday, 9.
klhanbeyi, 10. ham (raw), 11. dalgal, 12. tyl,
13. yaklak, 14. przlendirmek.
roughly see 1. kabaca, 2. kaba (coarse, crude, gross,
rough).
round see 1. Yuvarlak, 2. yuvarlamak (roll), 3.
yuvarlaklatrmak, 4. evresinde, 5. daire (circle),
6. etrafnda, 7. dnmek (return, turn).
route see 1. rota, 2. yol (path, road, way), 3.
gzergh, 4. hat (line).
routine see 1. yordam, 2. rutin.
rover see 1. avare, 2. korsan.
row see 1. sra (order, rank, sequence), 2. grlt
(noise), 3. patrt (noise), 4. dizi (array, series,
string).
royal see 1. kraliyet, 2. ahane.
rubber see 1. kauuk, 2. lastik, 3. silgi, 4. raspa, 5.
prezervatif.
rubbish see 1. sama (absurd), 2. sprnt, 3. p.
rude see 1. terbiyesiz, 2. kaba (coarse, crude, gross,
rough).
rug see 1. kilim, 2. hal.
rule see 1. kural (statute), 2. cetvel (ruler), 3.
ynetmek, 4. hkmetmek, 5. usul, 6. tzk, 7.
hkm (provision), 8. kanun (law).
ruler see 1. cetvel, 2. hkmdar, 3. ynetici
(administrator, director, manager).
rules see tzk.
ruling see 1. balca, 2. yarg, 3. hkm (provision).
rumour see 1. dedikodu (gossip), 2. sylenti, 3.
ayia, 4. yaymak (spread).
run see 1. komak, 2. altrmak, 3. kou, 4. koma,
5. dere, 6. ak (flow), 7. kamak (escape), 8.
ilemek, 9. rabet, 10. seyir, 11. yar, 12.
koturmak.
runner see koucu.
582
English - Turkish
running see 1. cari (current), 2. koma, 3. srekli

(continuous), 4. koan, 5. kou, 6. akar, 7. akan,
8. ileyen, 9. ilek.
rural see krsal.
rush see 1. saz, 2. saldrmak (attack), 3. koturmak,
4. hcum (aggression, assault, attack), 5. me,
6. tela, 7. sktrmak, 8. koma, 9. hamle, 10.
akn, 11. acele, 12. komak (run).
ruthless see 1. merhametsiz, 2. insafsz, 3. acmasz,
4. amansz.
S
sack see 1. torba (bag), 2. uval, 3. kovmak, 4.
sepetlemek, 5. yama, 6. yamalamak, 7. yatak
(bed).
sacred see 1. kutsal (holy), 2. mukaddes, 3. dinsel, 4.
mbarek.
sacrifice see kurban (victim).
sad see 1. ackl, 2. zgn, 3. hazin, 4. hznl.
saddle see 1. semer, 2. eyer, 3. yklemek (load), 4.
sele, 5. eyerlemek.
sadness see hzn.
safe see 1. kasa, 2. emin, 3. salam, 4. tehlikesiz.
safety see 1. gvenlik (security), 2. emniyet, 3.
selamet.
sail see yelken.
sailing see 1. yelkencilik, 2. gemicilik.
saint see 1. aziz, 2. evliya.
salad see salata.
salary see 1. maa (pay, wage), 2. aylk (monthly).
sale see 1. sat, 2. srm, 3. satm, 4. mezat, 5. talep
(claim), 6. Ucuzluk.
salon see salon.
saloon see 1. meyhane, 2. bar (bar).
salt see 1. tuz, 2. tuzlamak, 3. tuzluk, 4. tat, 5. nkte,
6. lezzet, 7. tuzlu.
salvation see 1. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 2.
kurtarlma, 3. kurtulu, 4. selamet.
same see ayn.
sample see 1. rnek (example, model), 2. mostra, 3.
numune, 4. eantiyon, 5. rneklemek, 6. tatmak
(taste), 7. gstermelik, 8. model (model).
sanctuary see 1. snak (refuge), 2. tapnak
(temple), 3. barnak, 4. mabet.
sand see kum.
sandwich see sandvi.
sandy see kumlu.
satellite see 1. uydu, 2. peyk.
satisfaction see 1. tatmin, 2. memnuniyet, 3.
honutluk, 4. tazmin, 5. memnunluk, 6. doyum, 7.
deme (payment).
satisfactory see yeterli (adequate).
satisfied see 1. honut, 2. memnun (glad, happy).

satisfy see 1. doyurmak, 2. demek (pay), 3.
gidermek, 4. inandrmak, 5. karlamak.
satisfying see doyurucu.
sauce see 1. sos, 2. sala, 3. terbiye, 4. marklk, 5.
arszlk.
sausage see 1. sosis, 2. sucuk.
save see 1. kurtarmak, 2. saklamak (store), 3.
korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 4. artrmak
(increase), 5. biriktirmek, 6. hari, 7. Kaydet.
saving see 1. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 2.
tasarruf, 3. tutum (attitude), 4. kurtarc.
saw see 1. testere, 2. bk, 3. atasz, 4. doramak.
say see 1. demek, 2. sylemek (tell), 3. sz (word),
4. tekrarlamak (repeat), 5. varsaymak (assume),
6. farzetmek.
saying see 1. atasz, 2. sz (word).
scale see 1. lek, 2. cetvel (ruler), 3. terazi, 4. l
(gauge, measure), 5. derece (degree, grade), 6.
trmanmak (climb), 7. kefe, 8. kefeki, 9.
ayarlamak (adjust, regulate, set), 10. leklemek,
11. pul (stamp), 12. skala, 13. tartmak, 14. gam,
15. ap (diameter).
scandal see 1. skandal, 2. rezalet, 3. dedikodu
(gossip), 4. iftira, 5. kepazelik.
scarcely see ancak (barely, but, hardly, however,
only).
scarlet see 1. al (red), 2. krmz (red).
scenario see senaryo (script).
scene see 1. manzara (view), 2. sahne (stage), 3.
rezalet, 4. dekor, 5. olay (event, fact, incident), 6.
mizansen.
scenery see 1. dekor, 2. manzara (view).
scent see 1. sezmek, 2. esans, 3. koku.
schedule see 1. cetvel (ruler), 2. program (program,
programme), 3. liste (list), 4. tarife (tariff), 5.
izelge (table).
scheme see 1. proje (design, plan, project), 2. tasar,
3. dzenlemek (arrange, order, organize), 4.
entrika, 5. plan, 6. tertip, 7. dolap (cabinet), 8.
Dzen (order).
scholar see bilgin.
scholarship see 1. burs, 2. bilginlik.
school see 1. okul, 2. ekol, 3. mektep, 4. retmek,
5. yetitirmek, 6. eitmek, 7. altrmak.
science see 1. bilim, 2. ilim.
scientific see 1. bilimsel, 2. ilmi, 3. kesin (definite).
scientist see bilgin.
scope see 1. kapsam, 2. alan (area, domain, field,
range, space), 3. saha (field), 4. olanak (facility,
possibility), 5. frsat, 6. ama (aim, intent, object,
objective, purpose, target).
score see 1. puan, 2. skor, 3. entik, 4. izgi (line), 5.
sebep, 6. partisyon, 7. kertik, 8. iaret (sign,
signal), 9. hn, 10. hesap (account, bill,
calculation), 11. say (number).
English - Turkish
scrap see 1. dknt, 2. krpnt, 3. krnt, 4.
paralamak, 5. skarta, 6. dala, 7. artk
(remainder, residual), 8. dvmek, 9. hurda.
scratch see 1. izik, 2. kamak, 3. trmalamak, 4.
izmek (draw), 5. trmk, 6. kanmak, 7.
karalamak, 8. karmak, 9. syrk.
screaming see baran.
screen see 1. ekran, 2. perde (curtain), 3. elemek, 4.
paravana, 5. saklamak (save, store), 6. korumak
(maintain, protect, shield), 7. gizlemek (hide), 8.
elek, 9. blme, 10. kafes (cage), 11. kalbur, 12.
oynatmak, 13. siper (shield).
script see 1. senaryo (scenario), 2. alfabe, 3. betik, 4.
senet.
sea see 1. deniz, 2. dalga (wave), 3. derya.
seal see 1. damga (stamp), 2. mhr, 3. mhrlemek,
4. damgalamak, 5. aybal, 6. kapamak (close,
shut), 7. fok, 8. conta.
search see 1. aramak (seek), 2. aratrmak (explore,
investigate, research), 3. arama, 4. yoklamak, 5.
aratrma (investigation, research), 6. Ara
(intermediate).
searching see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. aratrc.
seaside see 1. sahil (coast), 2. ky.
season see 1. sezon, 2. zaman (time), 3. mevsim, 4.
sre (duration, time), 5. vakit, 6. yumuatmak, 7.
kurutmak, 8. enilendirmek, 9. altrmak, 10.
olgunlatrmak.
seasonal see mevsimlik.
seat see 1. koltuk, 2. yer (earth, ground, location,
place, space), 3. yerletirmek, 4. mevki, 5.
oturtmak, 6. merkez, 7. iskemle, 8. sandalye
(chair).
second see 1. saniye, 2. ikinci.
secondary see 1. ikincil, 2. ikinci (second), 3. tali.
secrecy see gizlilik.
secret see 1. gizli (confidential, hidden), 2. esrarl, 3.
sr, 4. sakl, 5. giz, 6. gizem, 7. mahrem.
secretary see 1. sekreter, 2. bakan (minister), 3.
katip, 4. yazman.
secretion see 1. salglama, 2. gizleme, 3. salg.
section see 1. blm (chapter, department, division,
part), 2. ksm, 3. kesit, 4. kesim (sector,
segment), 5. blge (belt, district, region, zone), 6.
kesme, 7. para (component, item, part, piece,
portion, segment), 8. blmek (divide, separate,
split).
sector see 1. kesim (segment), 2. sektr, 3. blge
(belt, district, region, zone).
secular see 1. laik, 2. dnyevi.
secure see 1. gvenli, 2. salamlatrmak, 3. emin, 4.
korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 5. salam, 6.
salamak, 7. phesiz, 8. almak (accept, buy, get,
have, receive, take).
583
security see 1. gvenlik (safety), 2. teminat, 3.

gvence (assurance), 4. kefalet, 5. rehin, 6.
emniyet, 7. kefil.
sediment see 1. tortu, 2. telve, 3. posa, 4. kelti.
see see 1. grmek, 2. anlamak (understand), 3.
bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view,
watch), 4. grmek, 5. piskoposluk.
seed see 1. tohum, 2. dl (offspring), 3. meni, 4.
ekirdek (core, nucleus), 5. sperma.
seek see 1. aramak (search), 2. aratrmak (explore,
investigate, research), 3. abalamak, 4. istemek
(want), 5. uramak.
seem see grnmek (appear).
segment see 1. kesim (sector), 2. para (component,
item, part, piece, portion), 3. dilim (slice), 4.
blm (chapter, department, division, part,
section), 5. blt, 6. blmek (divide, separate,
split), 7. segman, 8. ksm (section).
seldom see 1. nadiren, 2. seyrek, 3. az (few, little).
select see 1. semek (choose, pick), 2. seme
(selection), 3. sekin, 4. Se, 5. kalburst.
selected see seilmi.
selection see 1. seim (choice, election), 2. seme
(select).
selective see 1. semeli (optional), 2. seici, 3.
ayran.
self see 1. kendi, 2. z, 3. kii (person), 4. kiilik
(personality), 5. bencillik, 6. karakter (character).
selfish see 1. bencil, 2. egoist.
sell see 1. satmak, 2. sat (sale), 3. satlmak, 4.
kazklamak, 5. hile, 6. dolap (cabinet), 7.
aldatmak (trick), 8. sattrmak.
seller see 1. bayi, 2. satc.
selling see sat (sale).
semantic see anlamsal.
seminar see Seminer.
senate see senato.
send see 1. gndermek (forward), 2. yollamak, 3.
atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. Gnder, 5.
frlatmak.
senior see kdemli.
sensation see 1. duyu (sense), 2. duyum, 3.
sansasyon, 4. duygu (emotion, feeling, sense).
sense see 1. duyu, 2. duygu (emotion, feeling), 3.
anlam (meaning, significance), 4. his, 5. sezmek,
6. alglamak, 7. yn (course, direction), 8.
hissetmek (feel), 9. dnce, 10. anlay
(apprehension), 11. anlamak (see, understand),
12. kan, 13. eilim (inclination, trend).
sensible see 1. makul (reasonable), 2. mantkl, 3.
akll (intelligent, wise), 4. duyarl, 5. hassas, 6.
hissedilir.
sensitive see 1. hassas, 2. duyarl, 3. duygulu, 4.
alngan.
sensitivity see 1. duyarlk, 2. duyarllk.
sensory see 1. duyumsal, 2. duyusal.
584
English - Turkish
sentence see 1. tmce, 2. cmle, 3. karar (decision),

4. hkm (provision).
sentiment see 1. his (sense), 2. duygu (emotion,
feeling, sense).
sentimental see 1. duygusal (emotional), 2. ili, 3.
hissi.
separate see 1. blmek (divide, split), 2. ayrmak
(appropriate, divide, reserve, split), 3. ayr (apart,
distinct), 4. ayrlmak, 5. mstakil, 6. bireysel
(individual).
separation see 1. ayrlma, 2. ayrlk.
sequence see 1. sra (order, rank), 2. dizi (array,
series, string), 3. seri (series).
sergeant see avu.
serial see 1. dizisel, 2. dizi (array, series, string), 3.
tefrika.
series see 1. dizi (array, string), 2. seri, 3. sra (order,
rank, sequence), 4. silsile.
serious see 1. ciddi, 2. ar (heavy), 3. arbal, 4.
tehlikeli (dangerous, hazardous).
seriously see cidden.
serum see serum.
servant see 1. hizmeti, 2. uak, 3. kle (slave), 4.
kul.
server see sunucu.
service see 1. hizmet, 2. fayda, 3. grev (task), 4.
servis, 5. ibadet, 6. uaklk, 7. tebli, 8. yarar
(advantage, benefit), 9. hizmetilik, 10. ayin, 11.
askerlik, 12. i (action, affair, deed, job, work),
13. memuriyet.
serving see porsiyon (portion).
session see 1. oturum, 2. celse, 3. toplant.
set see 1. ayarlamak (adjust, regulate), 2. grup
(bunch, group), 3. set, 4. takm (team), 5. batmak,
6. kurmak (build, found, install), 7. koymak (put),
8. hazrlamak, 9. bat, 10. vaziyet, 11.
belirlenmi, 12. sabit (constant, fixed), 13.
yerletirmek, 14. fide, 15. deimez (constant,
fixed), 16. belirlemek, 17. batma, 18. alc (buyer,
client, customer, receiver), 19. eilim
(inclination, trend), 20. kme (cluster, group).
setting see ayar.
settle see 1. yerlemek, 2. yerletirmek, 3. durulmak,
4. yattrmak, 5. yatmak, 6. demek (pay), 7.
konmak, 8. halletmek, 9. anlamak, 10.
kararlatrmak.
settled see 1. yerleik, 2. sabit (constant, fixed), 3.
denmi, 4. deimez (constant, fixed).
settlement see 1. halletme, 2. deme (payment), 3.
tasfiye, 4. uzlama, 5. yerleme, 6. ev (home,
house), 7. anlama (accord, agreement, deal,
understanding).
settling see yerleme.
seven see yedi.
seventh see yedinci.
seventy see yetmi.

several see birka.
severe see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. iddetli (bitter), 3.
sade, 4. hain, 5. ar (heavy, serious), 6. keskin
(bitter, sharp).
severity see 1. nem, 2. sertlik, 3. iddet (violence).
sex see 1. cinsiyet, 2. seks.
sexual see 1. cinsel, 2. seksel.
sexuality see cinsellik.
sexy see seksi.
shade see 1. glge (shadow), 2. glgelendirmek, 3.
glgelemek, 4. nans, 5. stor, 6. hayalet (ghost),
7. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 8. ruh
(soul).
shadow see 1. glge (shade), 2. zerre, 3. glgelemek
(shade), 4. iz (trace, track, trail), 5. keder (grief),
6. eser, 7. koruma (conservation, protection), 8.
karartmak, 9. karanlk, 10. hzn, 11. hayalet
(ghost), 12. glgelendirmek (shade), 13. nebze.
shaft see 1. mil (mile), 2. aft, 3. dingil.
shake see 1. sarslmak, 2. silkmek, 3. sallanmak, 4.
sarsnt, 5. titreme, 6. alkalamak, 7. sarsma, 8.
sallamak, 9. sallama, 10. deprem, 11. sarsmak,
12. silkelemek, 13. atlatmak.
shallow see 1. s, 2. yzeysel (superficial).
shame see 1. ayp, 2. yazk, 3. utandrmak, 4. utan,
5. utanma, 6. leke (spot).
shape see 1. biim (form, format), 2. ekil (figure),
3. biimlendirmek, 4. ekillendirmek, 5.
gelimek, 6. ynlendirmek (direct), 7. durum
(state, status), 8. form (form), 9. dzenlemek
(arrange, order, organize), 10. kalp (cast).
share see 1. pay, 2. paylamak, 3. hisse, 4.
blmek, 5. aksiyon.
shareholder see hissedar.
sharp see 1. sivri, 2. keskin (bitter), 3. akgz
(smart), 4. zeki, 5. tiz, 6. tam (absolute, accurate,
complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 7. net
(net), 8. aniden, 9. diyez.
shed see 1. aktmak, 2. kulbe (cabin, cottage, hut),
3. sundurma, 4. hangar, 5. baraka, 6. dkmek.
sheep see koyun.
sheer see 1. dimdik, 2. dpedz, 3. halis, 4. sapmak,
5. srf.
sheet see 1. yaprak (leaf), 2. gazete (newspaper), 3.
levha, 4. tabaka, 5. araf.
shelf see 1. raf (rack), 2. sergen.
shell see 1. kabuk (crust, skin), 2. kovan, 3. fiek, 4.
kik.
shelter see 1. snak (refuge), 2. siper (shield), 3.
barnak, 4. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 5.
barndrmak.
shepherd see 1. oban, 2. gtmek.
shield see 1. kalkan, 2. korumak (maintain, protect),
3. siper, 4. zrh.
English - Turkish
shift see 1. vardiya, 2. deitirme, 3. deimek, 4.
deime, 5. deiiklik (change, modification), 6.
deitirmek (alter, change, modify), 7. are, 8.
yklemek (load), 9. tedbir, 10. hile, 11. bahane
(excuse), 12. kaamak.
shining see 1. ltl, 2. parlak (shiny).
shiny see parlak.
ship see 1. gemi, 2. gndermek (forward, send), 3.
nakletmek (carry), 4. vapur, 5. tekne.
shipping see 1. nakliye, 2. tama.
shirt see gmlek.
shit see 1. bok, 2. smak, 3. esrar, 4. sma.
shock see 1. ok, 2. darbe, 3. vuru (stroke), 4.
sarsmak, 5. arpma, 6. sarsma, 7. sarsnt.
shocking see berbat.
shoe see 1. ayakkab, 2. nallamak.
shoot see 1. filiz, 2. vurmak (hit), 3. srgn, 4.
frlatmak, 5. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 6.
ldrmek (kill), 7. at, 8. ekmek (drag, draw,
pull).
shooting see 1. at, 2. avclk.
shop see 1. dkkn, 2. maaza.
shore see 1. sahil (coast, seaside), 2. ky, 3.
payanda, 4. destek (support).
short see 1. ksa, 2. bodur, 3. az (few, little), 4.
yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient), 5. aniden, 6.
bcr, 7. eksik (missing), 8. gevrek, 9. kontak.
shortage see 1. ak (clear, explicit, free, light, open,
plain), 2. ktlk, 3. yokluk (absence), 4. eksiklik
(deficiency).
shortly see 1. ksaca, 2. yaknda.
shorts see ort.
shot see 1. giriim (interference), 2. a, 3. ine
(needle, pin), 4. menzil, 5. glle, 6. at, 7. erim
(range), 8. deneme (essay, trial), 9. nianc, 10.
sama (absurd), 11. ans, 12. fotoraf
(photograph).
shoulder see 1. omuz, 2. banket, 3. omuzlamak, 4.
srt (back), 5. yklenmek.
shout see 1. barmak (call, cry), 2. barma, 3.
seslenmek, 4. haykrmak, 5. feryat (cry), 6.
bar.
show see 1. gstermek (indicate, point, represent), 2.
gsteri (demonstration), 3. ov, 4. sergi, 5.
gsteri, 6. frsat, 7. tehir, 8. temsil
(representation), 9. ans, 10. retmek, 11. i
(action, affair, deed, job, work), 12. Gster, 13.
grn, 14. grnmek (appear), 15. giriim
(interference), 16. kantlamak.
shower see 1. du, 2. saanak, 3. yadrmak.
showing see 1. gsterme, 2. gsteri (demonstration,
show).
shut see 1. kapamak (close), 2. kapatmak (close), 3.
kapanmak, 4. kapal (off), 5. kapanm.
585
shy see 1. ekingen, 2. rkek, 3. utanga, 4. rkmek,

5. frlatmak, 6. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 7.
korkak, 8. sklgan, 9. at, 10. ekinmek.
sick see 1. hasta, 2. rahatsz, 3. keyifsiz, 4. iren, 5.
bkm, 6. usanm.
sickness see 1. hastalk, 2. kusma.
side see 1. yan, 2. kenar (border, edge, margin,
verge), 3. taraf, 4. yn (course, direction), 5. ky.
siege see kuatma.
sight see 1. gr, 2. grme (vision), 3. grmek
(see), 4. grn, 5. manzara (view).
sign see 1. im, 2. alamet, 3. iaret (signal), 4.
imzalamak, 5. belirti (symptom), 6. bur (tower),
7. jest (gesture), 8. tabela, 9. iz (trace, track, trail).
signal see 1. iaret (sign), 2. sinyal, 3. im (sign).
signature see imza.
significance see 1. anlam (meaning, sense), 2.
nem.
significant see 1. nemli (important, substantial), 2.
anlaml.
silence see 1. sessizlik, 2. susturmak, 3. susma.
silent see 1. sessiz (quiet), 2. suskun.
silently see sessizce.
silk see 1. ipek, 2. ipekli.
silver see 1. gm, 2. srlamak.
similar see benzer (analogous, like).
similarity see benzerlik (analogy).
simple see 1. basit, 2. yaln, 3. sade, 4. saf (absolute,
clean, pure).
simplicity see 1. basitlik, 2. sadelik.
simply see 1. sadece, 2. ancak (barely, but, hardly,
simultaneous see simultane.
sin see 1. kabahat, 2. su (crime), 3. gnah.
sincerely see itenlikle.
sing see 1. tmek, 2. nlamak, 3. vzldamak, 4.
akmak, 5. sylemek (say, tell), 6. uuldamak.
singer see arkc.
singing see tme.
single see 1. tek (odd, unique), 2. bekar, 3. bir (one).
sinister see 1. fesat, 2. kt (bad, evil, poor).
sink see 1. lavabo, 2. batrmak, 3. yatrmak, 4.
batmak, 5. azalmak, 6. alalmak, 7. kazmak (dig).
sir see 1. bay, 2. beyefendi, 3. sr.
sister see 1. hemire (nurse), 2. abla, 3. karde, 4.
rahibe, 5. hastabakc.
sit see 1. oturmak (live), 2. oturtmak.
site see 1. mevki, 2. yer (earth, ground, location,
place, seat, space).
sitting see 1. oturma, 2. oturum (session), 3. oturan.
situated see bulunan.
situation see 1. durum (state, status), 2. konum
(location, position), 3. mevki, 4. yer (earth,
ground, location, place, seat, space), 5. hal.
six see alt.
586
English - Turkish
sixth see altnc.

sixty see altm.
size see 1. byklk (magnitude), 2. boyut
(dimension), 3. beden (body), 4. l (gauge,
measure), 5. boy (length), 6. apre, 7. irilemek,
8. hacim (bulk, volume), 9. numara (number), 10.
tutkal, 11. iri.
skeleton see 1. iskelet (framework), 2. at.
sketch see 1. taslak (draft), 2. ske, 3. kroki.
ski see kayak.
skill see 1. beceri, 2. hner, 3. maharet, 4. marifet, 5.
ustalk.
skilled see 1. usta, 2. vasfl, 3. becerikli.
skin see 1. deri (leather), 2. cilt (volume), 3. kabuk
(crust, shell), 4. post, 5. ten, 6. tulum.
skipper see kaptan (captain).
skirt see 1. etek, 2. eteklik, 3. kenar (border, edge,
margin, side, verge).
skull see kafatas.
sky see 1. gkyz, 2. gk, 3. sema.
slate see 1. arduvaz, 2. kayaanta.
slave see 1. kle, 2. kul.
sleep see 1. uyumak, 2. uyku, 3. Uyuma.
sleeve see 1. kol (arm), 2. yen, 3. zvana.
slender see 1. ince (fine, thin), 2. az (few, little), 3.
narin, 4. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient).
slice see 1. dilim, 2. dilimlemek, 3. kesmek (cut).
slide see 1. slayt, 2. kayma, 3. srg, 4. kaymak
(cream), 5. lam, 6. kaydrak, 7. heyelan, 8.
kaydrmak.
sliding see srgl.
slight see 1. nemsememek, 2. zayf, 3. hafif (light),
4. nemsiz (minor, trivial), 5. saygszlk, 6.
kmsemek, 7. kk (minor, small), 8. hakaret,
9. ince (fine, thin), 10. narin.
slightly see 1. biraz (some), 2. hafife.
slim see 1. zayflamak, 2. incelmek, 3. zayf, 4. ince
(fine, thin), 5. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient).
slip see 1. srme, 2. hata (error, fault), 3. yanllk,
4. kamak (escape), 5. kay, 6. kayma (slide), 7.
kaymak (cream), 8. karmak, 9. yanlmak, 10.
kombinezon.
slope see 1. yoku, 2. bayr, 3. eim, 4. meyil, 5.
ev, 6. yama.
slot see 1. delik (hole), 2. yark, 3. yer (earth,
ground, location, place, seat, space), 4. yuva
(nest).
slow see 1. Yava, 2. yavalamak, 3. ar (heavy,
serious), 4. geri (back), 5. yavalatmak.
small see 1. kk (minor), 2. nemsiz (minor,
trivial).
smart see 1. akgz, 2. k (elegant), 3. zeki, 4.
akll (intelligent, wise), 5. gsterili, 6. keskin
(bitter, sharp), 7. kurnaz, 8. yanmak (burn), 9.
szlamak, 10. iddetli (bitter), 11. sert (hard,
harsh), 12. acmak (pity), 13. yakkl

(handsome).
smell see 1. koklamak, 2. koklama, 3. koku, 4.
kokmak, 5. sezmek.
smile see 1. glmseme, 2. glmsemek.
smith see 1. demirci, 2. nalbant.
smoke see 1. duman, 2. sigara (cigarette), 3. ttmek,
4. ttslemek.
smooth see 1. dz (flat, plain, straight), 2. dzgn,
3. yumuak, 4. kolaylatrmak, 5. ho (pleasant),
6. dzlemek, 7. dzeltmek, 8. akc (fluid), 9.
kolay (easy), 10. przsz, 11. sakin (quiet), 12.
dzletirmek.
snake see ylan.
snow see 1. kar, 2. kokain, 3. eroin.
so see 1. byle (such, thus), 2. kadar, 3. yle, 4.
yle, 5. bylece (thus), 6. ok (many, much,
very), 7. ylesine, 8. pek (very).
soap see 1. sabun, 2. sabunlamak.
sober see 1. arbal, 2. ayltmak, 3. ciddi (serious),
4. gsterisiz, 5. makul (reasonable), 6. ll.
soccer see 1. futbol (football), 2. ayaktopu.
social see 1. toplumsal, 2. sosyal, 3. toplumcul.
socialism see 1. toplumculuk, 2. sosyalizm.
socialist see 1. toplumcu, 2. sosyalist.
society see 1. sosyete, 2. toplum, 3. topluluk
(community), 4. dernek (association), 5. kurum,
6. dostluk, 7. cemiyet, 8. arkadalk, 9. irket.
sociology see 1. sosyoloji, 2. toplumbilim.
socket see 1. yuva (nest), 2. oyuk, 3. priz.
sodium see sodyum.
sofa see 1. kanepe, 2. sedir.
soft see 1. tatl (sweet), 2. uysal, 3. yumuak, 4.
alkolsz, 5. cvk, 6. hafif (light), 7. mfik.
software see yazlm.
soil see 1. toprak (earth, ground, land), 2. arazi, 3.
lekelemek, 4. leke (spot), 5. kirletmek, 6.
kirlenmek, 7. kir, 8. pislik, 9. lke (country), 10.
gbre.
soldier see 1. asker, 2. er.
sole see 1. taban (base, floor), 2. tek (odd, single,
unique), 3. yalnz (alone).
solely see 1. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however,
only, scarcely), 2. sadece, 3. srf.
solicitor see avukat (attorney, counsel, lawyer).
solid see 1. kat, 2. dolu (full), 3. som, 4. salam, 5.
gvenilir, 6. kesiksiz, 7. masif, 8. btn (all,
entire, integral, whole), 9. sert (hard, harsh), 10.
sk, 11. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact,
exactly, precise, very), 12. dayankl.
solidarity see 1. birlik (union, unity), 2. dayanma.
solo see solo.
solution see 1. zm, 2. eriyik, 3. zelti, 4.
solsyon, 5. are, 6. znme, 7. erime, 8.
halletme.
solve see 1. zmek (resolve), 2. halletmek.
English - Turkish
some see 1. baz, 2. biraz, 3. birka (several), 4.
bazs, 5. bir (one), 6. birtakm, 7. kimi, 8.
yaklak.
somebody see 1. biri, 2. birisi, 3. kimse.
someone see 1. birisi (somebody), 2. biri
(somebody).
sometime see eski (former, old).
sometimes see bazen (occasionally).
somewhat see biraz (some).
son see oul.
song see 1. ark, 2. trk.
soon see 1. yaknda, 2. neredeyse (almost), 3. hemen
(immediately), 4. erken (early), 5. birazdan, 6.
abuk (quick).
sophisticated see kltrl.
sore see 1. yara, 2. acyan, 3. arl, 4. kzgn
(angry).
sorrow see 1. ac (bitter, distress, grief), 2. dert, 3.
keder (grief), 4. zlmek (worry), 5. znt, 6.
gam, 7. kederlenmek.
sorry see 1. zgn, 2. piman, 3. maalesef, 4.
affedersiniz, 5. zgnm.
sort see 1. snflandrmak, 2. ayrmak (appropriate,
divide, reserve, separate, split), 3. eit, 4. tr
(kind, species, type), 5. ayklamak, 6. sralamak,
7. tip (type).
soul see 1. ruh, 2. kimse, 3. can, 4. kii (person), 5.
z (self).
sound see 1. ses (tone, voice), 2. salam, 3. emin, 4.
salim, 5. salkl, 6. ttrmek, 7. tmek (sing), 8.
gvenilir, 9. grlt (noise), 10. etki (action,
effect, impact, influence), 11. derin, 12. deliksiz,
13. almak (steal), 14. alnmak, 15. boaz
(throat), 16. anlam (meaning, sense,
significance), 17. geerli (current, valid).
sounding see iskandil.
soup see orba.
sour see 1. buruk, 2. eki, 3. ekimek, 4. hrn, 5.
kesilmek, 6. bozulmak.
source see 1. kaynak (origin, resource), 2. memba,
3. mene.
south see gney (southern).
southern see 1. gney (south), 2. gneyli.
sovereignty see 1. egemenlik (domination), 2.
bamszlk (independence), 3. hakimiyet, 4.
saltanat.
space see 1. uzay, 2. alan (area, domain, field,
range), 3. aralk (gap, interval), 4. yer (earth,
ground, location, place, seat), 5. boluk (blank,
gap, vacuum), 6. ara (intermediate), 7. sre
(duration, time), 8. mesafe.
spacious see 1. ferah, 2. geni (large, wide).
spare see 1. esirgemek, 2. zayf, 3. yedek
(substitute), 4. sska, 5. kymamak, 6. fazla, 7.
bo (blank, empty, free, vacant), 8. az (few,
little), 9. cimri, 10. kt, 11. ldrmemek, 12.
587
serbest (free), 13. ayrmak (appropriate, divide,

reserve, separate, split), 14. ihtiyat.
spatial see 1. uzaysal, 2. uzamsal.
speak see 1. konumak (talk), 2. sylemek (say,
tell).
speaker see 1. hoparlr, 2. konumac, 3. szc, 4.
spiker.
speaking see konuma (speech, talk).
special see 1. zel (particular, private), 2. has.
specialist see 1. uzman (expert), 2. mtehasss.
species see 1. tr (kind, type), 2. cins, 3. eit.
specific see 1. belirli (definite), 2. zgl, 3. spesifik,
4. kesin (definite), 5. zel (particular, private,
special), 6. zg.
specification see 1. belirtme, 2. belirtim, 3.
artname.
specify see Belirtmek.
specimen see 1. model (model), 2. numune, 3.
rnek (example, model, sample), 4. gstermelik.
spectacle see 1. manzara (view), 2. grn.
spectacles see gzlk (glasses).
spectrum see 1. spektrum, 2. tayf.
speculation see 1. speklasyon, 2. kurgu, 3. tahmin
(forecast).
speculative see 1. speklatif, 2. kuramsal
(theoretical), 3. kurgusal.
speech see 1. konuma (talk), 2. sylev (address), 3.
nutuk, 4. sz (word), 5. deme, 6. dil (language,
tongue), 7. hitabe.
speed see 1. hz, 2. srat, 3. abukluk.
spell see 1. kriz (attack, crisis), 2. nbet, 3.
hecelemek, 4. by, 5. sihir.
spelling see 1. yazm, 2. heceleme, 3. imla.
spend see 1. harcamak, 2. geirmek, 3. tketmek.
spent see 1. bitkin, 2. harcanm.
sphere see 1. evre (environment), 2. kre, 3. alan
(area, domain, field, range, space), 4. snf (class),
5. tabaka, 6. yuvar.
spider see rmcek.
spin see 1. dndrmek, 2. eirmek, 3. rmek, 4.
evirmek, 5. dnmek (return, turn).
spine see 1. omurga, 2. belkemii, 3. diken, 4.
klk.
spiral see 1. sarmal, 2. helezon, 3. spiral.
spirit see 1. can, 2. canlandrmak, 3. ispirto, 4. ruh
(soul), 5. peri, 6. z (self), 7. hayalet (ghost), 8.
canllk, 9. cin, 10. maneviyat.
spiritual see 1. manevi, 2. ruhani, 3. ruhsal, 4.
kutsal (holy, sacred), 5. tinsel.
splendid see 1. grkemli, 2. muhteem, 3.
split see 1. blmek (divide, separate), 2. yarmak, 3.
blnme, 4. ayrmak (appropriate, divide,
reserve, separate), 5. paylamak (share), 6. Bl, 7.
yark, 8. bozuma, 9. atlak, 10. atlatmak, 11.
588
English - Turkish
yarma, 12. ayrlk (separation), 13. blmek, 14.

blnmek, 15. ayrlmak, 16. paralamak.
spokesman see szc.
sponsorship see 1. destek (support), 2. himaye, 3.
kefillik.
spoon see 1. kak, 2. oynamak, 3. kaklamak.
sport see 1. spor, 2. elenmek, 3. oynamak (play), 4.
oyun (game), 5. oyuncak, 6. taklmak, 7. elence
(amusement, fun).
spot see 1. leke, 2. benek (dot), 3. nokta (dot, period,
point), 4. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat,
space), 5. lekelemek, 6. beneklemek, 7. mahal, 8.
semek (choose, pick, select), 9. tanmak (know),
10. ayp (shame), 11. yerletirmek, 12. grmek
(see).
spotted see 1. lekeli, 2. benekli, 3. noktal.
spouse see e (match, wife).
spray see 1. pskrtmek, 2. sprey, 3. serpinti, 4.
pskrte.
spread see 1. yaymak, 2. datmak, 3. yaylmak, 4.
rt, 5. amak (open), 6. sermek, 7. uzatmak
(extend, reach), 8. yaylma, 9. almak, 10.
ziyafet, 11. bulatrmak, 12. dalma.
spreading see 1. yayma (emission), 2. germe.
spring see 1. ilkbahar, 2. bahar, 3. yay (arc), 4.
sramak, 5. zemberek, 6. yaylanma, 7. srama,
8. pnar, 9. memba, 10. kken (origin), 11.
frlamak, 12. frlama, 13. esneklik, 14. eilmek,
15. kmak (exit), 16. atlamak, 17. atlama
(jump), 18. kaynak (origin, resource, source).
spy see 1. casus, 2. gzetlemek, 3. gzetleme, 4. ajan
(agent).
squad see 1. manga, 2. ekip, 3. takm (set, team).
squadron see filo.
square see 1. kare, 2. alan (area, domain, field,
range, space), 3. meydan, 4. doru (accurate,
correct, right, true), 5. uydurmak, 6. tam
precise, very), 7. kesin (definite), 8. dzeltmek, 9.
ak (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain,
shortage), 10. drdl, 11. drst (honest), 12.
badamak, 13. gnye.
stability see 1. denge (balance, equilibrium), 2.
kararllk, 3. deimezlik, 4. salamlk, 5. istikrar.
stable see 1. ahr, 2. deimez (constant, fixed), 3.
kararl, 4. sabit (constant, fixed).
stack see 1. yn (bulk, mass), 2. ymak, 3. baca
(chimney), 4. istif, 5. bolluk (abundance, plenty).
stadium see stadyum.
staff see 1. asa, 2. denek, 3. destek (support), 4.
personel, 5. porte, 6. sopa, 7. kurmay.
stage see 1. sahne, 2. etap, 3. evre (phase), 4. menzil,
5. safha (phase), 6. aama, 7. sahnelemek, 8.
tiyatro.
staircase see merdiven.
stairs see merdiven (staircase).
stake see kazk.

stall see ahr.
stamp see 1. pul, 2. damga (seal), 3. marka, 4.
stampa, 5. damgalamak, 6. zmba, 7. iz (trace,
track, trail), 8. kalp (cast), 9. basmak (press), 10.
alamet (sign), 11. nitelik (quality), 12. ezmek.
stance see duru.
stand see 1. durmak (cease, halt, stop), 2. durak
(station, stop), 3. duru, 4. kalmak (stay), 5.
sehpa, 6. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat,
space), 7. tribn, 8. dayanmak, 9. bulunmak, 10.
durum (state, status), 11. direnme.
standard see 1. standart, 2. ayar, 3. bayrak (banner,
flag), 4. sancak, 5. derece (degree, grade), 6.
miyar, 7. model (model), 8. ln.
standing see 1. srekli (continuous), 2. daimi, 3.
sabit (constant, fixed), 4. devaml, 5. saygnlk, 6.
durgun, 7. mevki.
star see 1. yldz, 2. star.
stark see 1. sade, 2. sssz, 3. kesin (definite), 4.
tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly,
precise, very).
start see 1. balamak (begin), 2. balang
(beginning, origin), 3. balatmak, 4. irkilmek, 5.
balama, 6. start, 7. hareket (act, action, motion,
move, movement), 8. kurmak (build, found,
install), 9. irkilme, 10. srama, 11. k (exit),
12. altrmak (run), 13. almak (work), 14.
avantaj (advantage), 15. gevetmek.
starting see 1. balama, 2. altrma, 3. balang
(beginning, origin, start), 4. k (exit).
state see 1. durum (status), 2. devlet, 3. eyalet, 4.
belirtmek (specify), 5. grkem, 6. hal, 7.
saptamak, 8. vaziyet, 9. sylemek (say, tell), 10.
debdebe, 11. aklamak (explain), 12. lke
(country), 13. mevki.
statement see 1. ifade (expression), 2. sz (word), 3.
deyim (expression), 4. deme, 5. bildiri, 6. beyan,
7. aklama (explanation), 8. rapor (report).
static see 1. statik, 2. duruk, 3. dural, 4. durgun.
station see 1. istasyon, 2. durak (stop), 3. rtbe, 4. s
(base), 5. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat,
space), 6. merkez, 7. makam, 8. mevki.
statistics see istatistik.
statue see 1. heykel, 2. yontu.
status see 1. durum (state), 2. hal, 3. mevki, 4. stat.
statute see 1. yasa (law), 2. kural (rule), 3. tzk, 4.
kanun (law), 5. nizam, 6. hkm (provision).
statutory see 1. kanuni, 2. yasal (legal).
stay see 1. kalmak, 2. kalma, 3. dayanmak, 4.
ertelemek, 5. durdurmak (stop), 6. durmak (cease,
halt, stand, stop), 7. oturma, 8. istralya, 9. ikamet,
10. gergi, 11. nlemek, 12. alkoymak, 13. durma
(halt, stop), 14. dayanma, 15. brakmamak, 16.
beklemek (expect, wait), 17. erteleme, 18. destek
(support).
English - Turkish
steady see 1. salam, 2. devaml, 3. srekli
(continuous), 4. dzenli (regular), 5. sabit
(constant, fixed), 6. sevgili (beloved, dear, love),
7. amaz, 8. sakinletirmek, 9. yattrmak, 10.
istikrarl, 11. ciddi (serious), 12. dnmez, 13.
deimez (constant, fixed), 14. daimi, 15.
muntazam.
steal see 1. armak, 2. almak, 3. kelepir, 4.
hrszlk (theft).
steam see 1. buhar, 2. buu, 3. enerji (energy), 4.
g (energy, force, power, strength), 5. hiddet
(anger), 6. istim, 7. kuvvet (force, strength), 8.
fke (anger).
steel see 1. elik, 2. sertletirmek, 3. katlatrmak.
steep see 1. demlemek, 2. dik, 3. slatmak (wet), 4.
sarp, 5. yaln, 6. ar (extreme), 7. fahi.
stem see 1. sap (handle), 2. gvde (body), 3. pruva,
4. kmak (exit), 5. durdurmak (stop).
step see 1. adm (pace), 2. basamak, 3. kademe, 4.
derece (degree, grade), 5. tedbir, 6. nlem
(measure), 7. yrmek (walk), 8. admlamak, 9.
hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement),
10. giriim (interference), 11. basmak (press), 12.
girmek (enter).
stereo see stereo.
sterling see sterlin.
steward see kamarot.
stick see 1. yaptrmak, 2. yapmak, 3. denek, 4.
sopa, 5. sokmak, 6. saplamak, 7. baston, 8. srk,
9. artmak, 10. kumpas, 11. koymak (put), 12.
baklamak, 13. delmek.
sticky see 1. zor (difficult), 2. yapkan.
stiff see 1. kat (solid), 2. koyu (dark), 3. sert (hard,
harsh), 4. zor (difficult).
still see 1. hareketsiz, 2. yattrmak, 3. susturmak, 4.
sessiz (quiet), 5. sakinletirmek, 6. imbik, 7.
durgun, 8. hala (aunt), 9. sakin (quiet), 10.
durdurmak (stop), 11. daha (more), 12. kpksz.
stimulate see 1. uyarmak (alert, warn), 2.
canlandrmak, 3. kamlamak.
stimulation see 1. uyarm, 2. uyarma.
stimulus see uyaran.
stir see 1. canllk, 2. kartrmak, 3. tela.
stitch see 1. diki, 2. ilmik.
stock see 1. stok (store), 2. soy, 3. sap (handle,
stem), 4. nesil, 5. hammadde, 6. kabza, 7.
basmakalp, 8. ktk.
stomach see 1. mide, 2. istek (request), 3. karn
(belly), 4. katlanmak, 5. itah, 6. heves, 7.
hazmetmek, 8. dayanmak, 9. sindirmek.
stone see 1. ta, 2. talamak.
stool see 1. tabure, 2. dk, 3. oturak, 4. lazmlk.
stop see 1. durmak (cease, halt, stand), 2.
durdurmak, 3. durma (halt), 4. durak (station), 5.
Durdur, 6. Dur, 7. alkoymak, 8. engel (barrier),
9. nokta (dot, period, point, spot), 10. kesmek
589
(cut), 11. mani, 12. tkamak (block), 13. son (end,

final, finish, last), 14. duru, 15. durdurma, 16.
bitmek (end, finish), 17. kalmak (stay), 18.
kesilmek.
storage see 1. depolama, 2. depo (store), 3. ambar
(store, warehouse), 4. bellek (memory), 5.
saklama.
store see 1. depo, 2. depolamak, 3. ambar
(warehouse), 4. saklamak (save), 5. stok, 6.
dkkn, 7. maaza, 8. Dkkan, 9. biriktirmek, 10.
bolluk (abundance, plenty), 11. doldurmak (fill).
storm see 1. bora, 2. frtna.
story see 1. masal, 2. yk, 3. hikaye, 4. kat
(multiple), 5. makale, 6. efsane, 7. martaval, 8.
rivayet, 9. yalan (lie).
stove see 1. frn (oven), 2. ocak, 3. soba.
straight see 1. dz (flat, plain, smooth), 2. doru
(accurate, correct, right, true), 3. dmdz, 4.
gvenilir, 5. namuslu, 6. sek, 7. dzgn (smooth),
8. dzenli (regular), 9. dosdoru, 10. drst
(honest).
straightforward see 1. ak (clear, explicit, free,
light, open, plain, shortage), 2. basit (simple), 3.
drst (honest).
strain see 1. hava (air, weather), 2. rk, 3. soy, 4.
zorlanma, 5. nesil, 6. name, 7. melodi, 8. kan
(blood), 9. zorlama (constraint), 10. ifade
(expression), 11. germek, 12. germe, 13. gerilme,
14. gerginlik (stress, tension), 15. ezgi, 16. eser,
17. zorlamak (force), 18. iz (trace, track, trail).
strand see 1. ky, 2. sahil (coast, seaside), 3. iplik
(thread, yarn), 4. tel (wire), 5. yal.
strange see 1. garip, 2. acayip (peculiar).
stranger see yabanc.
strategic see stratejik.
strategy see strateji.
straw see 1. saman (hay), 2. hasr, 3. kam (reed).
stream see 1. akm (current), 2. dalgalanmak, 3. ay
(tea), 4. akmak (flow), 5. akarsu, 6. dere, 7.
aknt, 8. sel (flood), 9. gidi, 10. aktmak, 11.
ak (flow).
street see 1. sokak, 2. cadde (avenue), 3. yol (path,
road, route, way).
strength see 1. kuvvet (force), 2. g (energy, force,
power), 3. sertlik, 4. dayankllk, 5. iddet
(violence).
strengthen see 1. desteklemek (support), 2.
glendirmek, 3. kuvvetlendirmek.
stress see 1. stres, 2. gerginlik (tension), 3. nem, 4.
vurgulamak (highlight), 5. vurgu (accent,
emphasis), 6. gerilme, 7. bask, 8. basn
(pressure).
stretch see 1. uzatmak (extend, reach), 2. yaylmak,
3. germek, 4. gerinmek, 5. Gerinme, 6. gerginlik
(stress, tension).
590
English - Turkish
strict see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. sk, 3. tam

precise, very), 4. kat (solid), 5. dikkatli (careful).
strike see 1. grev, 2. bulmak (find), 3. vurmak (hit),
4. arpmak, 5. almak (steal), 6. basmak (press),
7. akmak, 8. vurma, 9. etkilemek, 10. arpma.
striker see 1. vurucu, 2. grevci.
striking see arpc.
string see 1. sicim, 2. dizi (array, series), 3. ip
(rope), 4. tel (wire), 5. art, 6. kordon (cord), 7.
klk, 8. dizgi, 9. ba (bond, connection, link),
10. koul, 11. germek, 12. erit, 13. kiri (beam).
strip see 1. erit, 2. soyunmak, 3. soymak, 4. ubuk
(bar), 5. bant (band, tape), 6. forma.
stroke see 1. vuru, 2. inme, 3. vurmak (hit), 4.
okamak, 5. okama, 6. hareket (act, action,
motion, move, movement), 7. darbe, 8. arpma, 9.
hat (line), 10. fel, 11. okay, 12. izgi (line).
strong see 1. kuvvetli, 2. gl, 3. keskin (bitter,
sharp), 4. ar (heavy, serious), 5. salam, 6. sert
(hard, harsh), 7. iddetli (bitter).
structural see yapsal.
structure see 1. yap, 2. bnye, 3. bina (building), 4.
planlamak.
structured see yapsal.
struggle see 1. aba (effort), 2. abalama, 3.
abalamak, 4. sava (battle), 5. ura, 6.
uramak, 7. boumak.
student see 1. renci, 2. uzman (expert, specialist).
studio see 1. stdyo, 2. atlye (workshop).
study see 1. inceleme, 2. incelemek, 3. aratrma
(investigation, research), 4. alma (work), 5.
almak (work), 6. okumak (read), 7. taslak
(draft, sketch).
stuff see 1. ey (thing), 2. madde (item, matter), 3.
tkamak (block), 4. doldurmak (fill).
stupid see 1. ahmak, 2. aptal, 3. aklsz (foolish).
style see 1. stil, 2. biem.
subject see 1. konu (matter, topic), 2. zne, 3.
mevzu, 4. denek, 5. uyruk, 6. tabi, 7. ders, 8.
bal, 9. bende, 10. kul.
subjective see znel.
submarine see denizalt.
submission see itaat.
submit see sunmak.
subscription see 1. Abonelik, 2. abone.
subsequent see 1. sonraki (next), 2. mteakip.
subsequently see sonra (after, afterwards).
subsidiary see 1. yardmc (assistant), 2. bayi.
subsidy see sbvansiyon.
substance see 1. madde (item, matter), 2. z (self),
3. cisim, 4. salamlk, 5. servet, 6. zenginlik, 7.
esas.
substantial see 1. nemli (important, significant), 2.
zl, 3. dayankl, 4. salam, 5. gerek (actual,
fact, real, true), 6. byk (big, grand, great, large,

major).
substantially see 1. esasen, 2. olduka (fairly,
rather), 3. aslnda.
substantive see 1. isim (name, noun), 2. ad (name),
3. dayankl, 4. sabit (constant, fixed).
substitute see 1. yedek, 2. vekil, 3. bedel.
substitution see ikame.
subtle see ince (fine, thin).
succeed see baarmak.
success see baar (achievement).
successful see baarl.
succession see sra (order, rank, sequence).
successor see 1. halef, 2. ardl, 3. varis.
such see 1. byle (so, thus), 2. yle, 3. ok (many,
much, very).
sudden see ani.
suddenly see 1. anszn, 2. birdenbire, 3. aniden, 4.
birden.
suffering see 1. ac (bitter, distress, grief, sorrow),
2. elem, 3. ile.
sufficient see 1. yeterli (adequate), 2. elverili.
sugar see 1. eker, 2. ekerim, 3. tatlm.
suggest see 1. nermek (propose), 2. ner.
suggestion see 1. neri, 2. nerme (proposition), 3.
teklif, 4. iz (trace, track, trail), 5. ima, 6. telkin.
suicide see intihar.
suit see 1. dava, 2. takm (set, team), 3. uymak (fit),
4. yakmak, 5. kostm (costume), 6. uydurmak.
suitable see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt), 2. yerinde,
3. elverili, 4. mnasip.
suitcase see 1. valiz, 2. bavul (trunk), 3. anta
(bag).
suite see 1. takm (set, team), 2. maiyet, 3. sit.
sulphur see kkrt.
sum see 1. toplam (aggregate, total), 2. mebla, 3.
tutar, 4. toplamak (add, collect, gather, pick,
raise), 5. yekun, 6. zet (abstract, outline,
summary), 7. doruk (height, peak, summit), 8. z
(self).
summary see zet (abstract, outline).
summer see yaz.
summit see 1. doruk (height, peak), 2. zirve (height,
peak).
summons see 1. ar (call), 2. davet.
sun see 1. gne, 2. gnelendirmek, 3.
gnelenmek, 4. gn (day).
sunk see gmme.
sunny see 1. gneli, 2. neeli, 3. aydnlk.
sunset see gnbatm.
super see Sper.
superb see 1. mkemmel (excellent), 2. enfes.
superficial see 1. yzeysel, 2. stnkr, 3.
yarmyamalak.
English - Turkish
superintendent see 1. ynetici (administrator,
director, manager), 2. mfetti, 3. denetmen.
superior see 1. st (top, upper), 2. stn, 3. kibirli
(arrogant).
superiority see stnlk (advantage).
supermarket see spermarket.
supervision see 1. gzetim, 2. nezaret, 3. idare
(management), 4. denetleme (inspection).
supervisor see 1. deneti, 2. denetleyici, 3. gzetici,
4. mfetti, 5. danman.
supplement see 1. ilave, 2. ek (appendix), 3.
eklemek (add).
supplementary see ek (appendix).
supplier see satc.
supply see 1. tedarik, 2. besleme, 3. mevcut, 4.
salamak, 5. Arz, 6. erzak, 7. ikmal.
support see 1. desteklemek, 2. destek, 3. dayanak, 4.
tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 5. tutma (hold), 6.
srdrmek (continue), 7. kaldrmak (lift, remove),
8. kantlamak, 9. yardm (assistance, help), 10.
geim, 11. destekleme, 12. dayanmak, 13.
ekmek (drag, draw, pull), 14. bakmak (look,
maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 15.
geindirmek.
supporter see 1. taraftar, 2. yardmc (assistant), 3.
arka (back), 4. bileklik.
suppose see 1. sanmak (guess, think), 2. varsaymak
(assume), 3. zannetmek, 4. farzetmek.
supposed see szde.
supreme see 1. yce, 2. son (end, final, finish, last),
3. ulu.
sure see 1. kesin (definite), 2. salam, 3. muhakkak,
4. emin, 5. phesiz, 6. gvenilir, 7. elbette, 8.
tabii.
surely see 1. elbette, 2. muhakkak.
surface see 1. yzey, 2. cilalamak.
surge see 1. dalgalanma, 2. dalgalanmak, 3.
kabarmak, 4. kabarma.
surgeon see 1. cerrah, 2. operatr (operator).
surgery see 1. muayenehane, 2. cerrahlk.
surgical see cerrahi.
surplus see fazlalk.
surprise see 1. srpriz, 2. artmak, 3. aknlk, 4.
baskn, 5. hayret (wonder).
surprising see artc.
surrender see 1. feragat, 2. vazgeme, 3. teslim
(delivery).
surroundings see 1. evre (environment), 2. etraf,
3. muhit.
surveillance see 1. gzetim (supervision), 2.
nezaret.
survey see 1. yoklamak, 2. bakmak (look, maintain,
refer, regard, view, watch), 3. tetkik.
surveyor see bilirkii (expert).
susceptible see 1. hassas, 2. psevdi, 3. alngan.
591
suspect see 1. phelenmek, 2. kukulanmak, 3.

sank, 4. pheli.
suspended see 1. asma, 2. asl.
suspension see 1. sspansiyon, 2. asma, 3. aslma,
4. erteleme.
suspicion see 1. phe, 2. kuku, 3. ikil, 4. iz
(trace, track, trail), 5. vehim.
suspicious see 1. pheli, 2. kukulu, 3. pheci, 4.
phelenen.
sustain see 1. ekmek (drag, draw, pull), 2.
srdrmek (continue), 3. tamak (bear, carry).
swan see kuu.
sweat see 1. ter, 2. terlemek, 3. terletmek.
sweater see 1. kazak, 2. sveter.
sweet see 1. tatl, 2. ho (pleasant), 3. sevimli, 4.
irin, 5. verimli (fertile), 6. cici, 7. gzel
(beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 8.
nazik, 9. eker (sugar), 10. sessiz (quiet), 11. taze
(fresh).
swift see 1. hzl (fast, quick), 2. abuk (quick), 3.
sratli, 4. evik.
swim see 1. yzmek, 2. yzme (swimming), 3.
yzdrmek.
swimming see 1. yzme, 2. yzclk.
swing see 1. salncak, 2. sallanma, 3. sallanmak, 4.
becermek, 5. aslmak.
swinging see 1. canl (alive, live, lively, living), 2.
hareketli.
switch see 1. anahtar (key), 2. alter, 3. ubuk (bar),
4. makas, 5. deitirmek (alter, change, modify),
6. anahtarlamak.
switching see 1. manevra, 2. anahtarlama.
sword see 1. kl, 2. pala.
symbol see 1. sembol, 2. simge.
symbolic see 1. simgesel, 2. sembolik.
symmetry see 1. simetri, 2. bakm.
sympathetic see sempatik.
sympathy see 1. duygudalk, 2. acma, 3. efkat, 4.
sempati.
symptom see 1. semptom, 2. araz, 3. belirti, 4.
bulgu.
syndrome see sendrom.
syntactic see szdizimsel.
syntax see 1. szdizim, 2. szdizimi, 3. sentaks.
synthesis see 1. sentez, 2. bireim.
synthetic see sentetik.
system see 1. sistem, 2. dizge, 3. evren (universe), 4.
dzen (order), 5. ebeke.
systematic see 1. sistematik, 2. dzenli (regular), 3.
sistemli.
592
English - Turkish
T
table see 1. masa, 2. izelge, 3. tablo (picture), 4.
sofra.
tackle see 1. takm (set, team), 2. tutma (hold), 3.
uramak.
tactical see taktik.
tactics see 1. taktik, 2. tabiye.
tail see kuyruk (queue).
take see 1. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive), 2.
gtrmek, 3. kazanmak (win), 4. yakalamak
(catch, grip, trap), 5. tutu, 6. tutmak (hold, keep,
retain), 7. karmak, 8. dayanmak, 9. alma
(reception), 10. kiralamak.
taking see 1. alma (reception), 2. ekici.
tale see 1. yalan (lie), 2. dedikodu (gossip), 3. masal,
4. yk.
talent see 1. yetenek (ability, capability), 2.
kabiliyet.
talented see yetenekli.
talk see 1. konuma (speech), 2. konumak (speak),
3. grme, 4. sohbet (chat), 5. sz (word), 6. laf.
talking see konuma (speech, talk).
tall see 1. uzun (long), 2. yksek (high, loud).
tangible see 1. gerek (actual, fact, real, true), 2.
dokunulabilir, 3. maddi, 4. somut (concrete).
tank see 1. depo (store), 2. tank, 3. sarn.
tap see 1. musluk, 2. tkrt, 3. tkrdatmak.
tape see 1. bant (band), 2. erit, 3. Teyp.
target see 1. hedef (aim, destination, goal,
objective), 2. ama (aim, intent, object, objective,
purpose), 3. erek (end).
tariff see tarife.
task see 1. grev, 2. i (action, affair, deed, job,
work), 3. klfet, 4. dev, 5. vazife.
taste see 1. tatmak, 2. beeni, 3. tat, 4. zevk, 5.
lezzet.
tax see 1. vergi, 2. vergilendirmek, 3. yormak, 4. yk
(load), 5. klfet.
taxation see 1. vergilendirme, 2. vergi (tax).
taxi see taksi (cab).
tea see ay.
teach see 1. retmek, 2. gstermek (indicate, point,
represent, show), 3. eitmek.
teacher see 1. retmen, 2. hoca.
teaching see 1. retim, 2. ders, 3. retme.
team see 1. takm (set), 2. ekip, 3. tim.
tear see 1. gzya, 2. yrtmak, 3. yrtlmak, 4. yrtk,
5. koparmak, 6. kopmak.
technical see teknik.
technique see 1. teknik (technical), 2. yntem
(method).
technological see teknolojik.

technology see teknoloji.
tedious see skc (boring).
telegraph see telgraf.
telephone see telefon (phone).
television see televizyon.
tell see 1. sylemek (say), 2. anlatmak (relate), 3.
bildirmek (inform), 4. demek (say), 5. emretmek
(order).
telling see 1. tesirli, 2. etkili.
telly see televizyon (television).
temper see huy.
temperament see 1. huy, 2. miza, 3. yaradl.
temperature see ate (fire).
temple see 1. tapnak, 2. mabet, 3. akak.
temporary see 1. geici (passing, tentative), 2.
muvakkat.
temptation see ayartma.
ten see on.
tenancy see kiraclk.
tenant see 1. kirac, 2. kiralamak.
tend see 1. ynelmek, 2. bakmak (look, maintain,
refer, regard, view, watch).
tendency see 1. eilim (inclination, trend), 2. meyil.
tender see 1. gevrek, 2. yumuak, 3. sevecen, 4.
hassas, 5. krpe, 6. mfik, 7. nazik, 8. sunmak
(submit), 9. teklif, 10. duyarl.
tennis see tenis.
tense see 1. germek, 2. gerilmek, 3. gergin.
tension see 1. gerginlik (stress), 2. gerilim, 3.
gerilme, 4. germe.
tent see adr.
tentative see 1. geici (passing, temporary), 2.
tecrbe (experience), 3. deneme (essay, trial).
tenth see onuncu.
term see 1. terim, 2. dnem (period), 3. sre
(duration, time), 4. adlandrmak.
terminal see 1. terminal, 2. u, 3. son (end, final,
finish, last), 4. ubirim, 5. kutup (pole).
termination see son (end, final, finish, last).
terminology see terminoloji.
terrace see 1. taraa, 2. teras, 3. set (set).
terrain see arazi.
terrible see 1. korkun (horrible), 2. berbat.
terrific see 1. korkun (horrible, terrible), 2. mthi.
territory see 1. arazi, 2. toprak (earth, ground, land,
soil).
terror see 1. dehet, 2. terr.
terrorist see terrist.
test see 1. snamak, 2. test, 3. snama, 4. snav, 5.
deney (experiment), 6. denemek, 7. deneme
(essay, trial), 8. l (gauge, measure), 9.
muayene (examination).
testament see vasiyetname.
testimony see 1. tanklk, 2. ahitlik.
English - Turkish
text see 1. metin, 2. konu (matter, subject, topic), 3.
tekst.
textile see 1. tekstil, 2. dokuma.
texture see 1. doku, 2. bnye (structure), 3. yap
(structure).
thanks see 1. teekkr, 2. teekkrler.
theatre see tiyatro.
theatrical see yapmack.
theft see 1. hrszlk, 2. alma.
theme see 1. tema, 2. konu (matter, subject, topic).
then see 1. sonra (after, afterwards), 2. yleyse.
theoretical see 1. kuramsal, 2. teorik, 3. nazari.
theory see 1. kuram, 2. teori, 3. nazariye.
therapist see terapist.
therapy see 1. terapi, 2. tedavi (treatment).
there see 1. orada, 2. oraya, 3. ite.
thermal see 1. sl, 2. termal, 3. termik.
thesis see 1. sav, 2. tez, 3. nerme (proposition).
thick see 1. kaln, 2. koyu (dark), 3. sk, 4. bouk, 5.
youn (dense).
thickness see kalnlk.
thief see hrsz.
thigh see 1. but, 2. uyluk.
thin see 1. ince (fine), 2. zayf, 3. sulu, 4. seyrek, 5.
inceltmek, 6. clz, 7. incelmek.
thing see 1. ey, 2. yaratk, 3. madde (item, matter),
4. nesne (object).
think see 1. sanmak (guess, suppose), 2. dnmek,
3. zannetmek.
thinking see 1. dnme, 2. dnce, 3. dnen.
third see nc.
thirty see otuz.
thorough see tam (absolute, accurate, complete,
exact, exactly, precise, very).
thoroughly see adamakll.
thou see sen.
though see geri.
thought see 1. dnce, 2. gr (sight), 3. kan, 4.
dnme, 5. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 6.
niyet (intent, intention, purpose).
thoughtful see 1. dnceli, 2. dikkatli (careful).
thousand see bin.
thread see 1. iplik (yarn), 2. tel (wire), 3. lif.
threat see 1. gzda, 2. tehdit, 3. tehlike (danger,
hazard), 4. korkutma.
threaten see korkutmak.
three see .
threshold see 1. eik, 2. balang (beginning,
origin, start).
throat see 1. boaz, 2. grtlak.
throne see taht.
through see 1. iinden, 2. arasndan, 3. sayesinde, 4.
yznden.
throughout see boyunca.
593
throw see 1. atmak (cast, pitch), 2. atma, 3.

frlatmak, 4. vermek (give, grant), 5. at.
thrust see 1. drtmek, 2. saplamak.
thumb see baparmak.
thunder see 1. gmbrdemek, 2. grlemek.
thus see 1. bylece, 2. byle (so, such).
ticket see 1. bilet, 2. etiket (label), 3. etiketlemek, 4.
ehliyet.
tide see 1. gelgit, 2. ak (flow), 3. cereyan, 4. eilim
(inclination, trend), 5. mevsim.
tidy see 1. epey, 2. temiz (clean, clear), 3. tertipli, 4.
dzenli (regular).
tie see 1. balamak (link), 2. kravat, 3. ba (bond,
connection, link), 4. dm (node), 5.
evlendirmek (marry), 6. dmlemek, 7.
boyunba, 8. beraberlik, 9. balant (connection,
link).
tiger see kaplan.
tight see 1. gergin, 2. sk.
till see kasa.
timber see kereste.
time see 1. zaman, 2. sre (duration), 3. saat (clock,
hour, o'clock), 4. vakit, 5. a (era), 6. kere, 7.
vade, 8. devir (period), 9. zamanlamak, 10.
mddet.
timetable see tarife (tariff).
timing see zamanlama.
tin see 1. kalay, 2. teneke.
tiny see 1. minicik, 2. kck, 3. ufack.
tip see 1. tavsiye, 2. u, 3. bahi, 4. burun (nose), 5.
eilmek, 6. tepe (hill).
tired see yorgun (weary).
tissue see doku (texture).
title see 1. nvan, 2. balk (heading), 3. hak, 4. isim
(name, noun), 5. unvan.
to achieve see 1. baarmak, 2. kazanmak (win).
to adopt see 1. benimsemek, 2. edinmek (acquire).
to advise see 1. tlemek, 2. bildirmek (inform).
to bring see getirmek (fetch).
to celebrate see kutlamak.
to come see 1. gelmek, 2. ulamak (reach).
to compensate see 1. dengelemek (balance), 2.
eitlemek, 3. karlamak.
to compete see yarmak.
to complain see yaknmak.
to comply see uymak (fit).
to contemplate see tasarlamak (design).
to convey see 1. nakletmek (carry), 2. gtrmek, 3.
tamak (bear, carry).
to create see 1. yaratmak, 2. atamak.
to deny see 1. yalanlamak, 2. yadsmak.
to derive see 1. karmak, 2. tretmek, 3. almak
(accept, buy, get, have, receive, take).
to describe see 1. betimlemek, 2. tanmlamak
(define), 3. izmek (draw).
594
English - Turkish
to develop see 1. gelimek, 2. gelitirmek.

to differ see benzememek.
to discover see 1. bulmak (find, strike), 2.
kefetmek, 3. anlamak (see, understand).
to disturb see 1. kartrmak, 2. aksatmak, 3.
bozmak.
to earn see kazanmak (win).
to evaluate see deerlendirmek.
to exist see 1. yaamak (live), 2. bulunmak, 3. olmak
(become, get, happen).
to expect see 1. beklemek (wait), 2. sanmak (guess,
suppose, think).
to fulfil see yapmak (do, make, perform).
to include see 1. iermek, 2. kapsamak, 3. katmak.
to induce see kandrmak.
to insist see dayatmak.
to introduce see 1. balamak (begin, start), 2.
tantrmak, 3. tantmak, 4. retmek.
to investigate see 1. aratrmak (explore, research),
2. incelemek, 3. soruturmak.
to listen see dinlemek.
to modify see 1. deitirmek (alter, change), 2.
hafifletmek.
to noun see 1. isim (name), 2. ad (name).
to occur see 1. olmak (become, get, happen), 2.
bulunmak.
to persuade see 1. inandrmak, 2. kandrmak.
to predict see ngrmek.
to prefer see 1. yelemek, 2. sunmak (submit).
to provide see 1. salamak, 2. vermek (give, grant).
to pursue see 1. izlemek (monitor, trace, track,
trail), 2. srdrmek (continue), 3. kovalamak.
to qualify see nitelemek.
to react see tepkimek.
to recover see 1. kurtarmak (save), 2. iyilemek.
to refer see 1. bavurmak, 2. bakmak (look,
maintain, regard, view, watch), 3. gndermek
(forward, send), 4. deinmek.
to reinforce see salamlatrmak.
to relate see anlatmak (tell).
to remember see 1. anmsamak, 2. hatrlamak, 3.
anmak, 4. unutmamak.
to replace see deitirmek (alter, change, modify).
to resign see ekilmek.
to restrict see snrlamak.
to retain see tutmak (hold, keep).
to seem see grnmek (appear).
to send see 1. gndermek (forward), 2. yollamak, 3.
atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. Gnder, 5.
frlatmak.
to tend see 1. ynelmek, 2. bakmak (look, maintain,
refer, regard, view, watch).
to transform see dntrmek (convert).
to undertake see 1. yklenmek, 2. stlenmek, 3.
girimek.
to warn see uyarmak (alert).

tobacco see ttn.
today see bugn.
toe see parmak (finger).
together see 1. beraber, 2. birlikte.
toilet see 1. tuvalet (bathroom, lavatory), 2. hela.
tolerance see 1. hogr, 2. tolerans, 3. dayanma, 4.
msamaha.
tolerate see katlanmak.
toll see almak (steal).
tomato see domates.
tomb see 1. kabir, 2. mezar, 3. trbe.
tomorrow see yarn.
tone see 1. ton, 2. ses (sound, voice), 3. tavr
(attitude), 4. perde (curtain, screen), 5. koyuluk,
6. tarz (genre).
tongue see 1. dil (language), 2. lisan (language).
too see 1. de (also), 2. dahi, 3. fazla, 4. da (also), 5.
ok (many, much, very), 6. keza, 7. ayrca.
tool see 1. ara (implement, instrument, means), 2.
alet (implement, instrument).
tooth see di.
top see 1. st (upper), 2. tepe (hill), 3. doruk (height,
peak, summit), 4. zirve (height, peak, summit), 5.
topa, 6. ba (chief, head, master), 7. amak, 8.
gemek (pass).
topic see konu (matter, subject).
torch see meale.
torture see 1. ikence, 2. eziyet.
total see 1. toplam (aggregate, sum), 2. tutar, 3.
toplamak (add, collect, gather, pick, raise), 4.
btn (all, entire, integral, whole), 5. etmek (do,
make), 6. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 7. tm (all).
touch see 1. dokunmak, 2. dokunma, 3. ellemek, 4.
temas (contact), 5. ta, 6. slup, 7. iz (trace, track,
trail), 8. dokunu, 9. demek, 10. deme, 11.
etkilemek.
touching see ackl.
tough see 1. etin, 2. dayankl, 3. salam, 4. sert
(hard, harsh), 5. kabaday.
tour see 1. gezi (trip), 2. gezmek, 3. tur, 4. turne, 5.
nbet, 6. dolamak.
tourism see turizm.
tourist see turist.
tournament see turnuva.
towel see havlu.
tower see 1. bur, 2. kule, 3. hisar, 4. kale (castle,
goal).
town see 1. ehir (city), 2. kent (city), 3. kasaba.
toxic see zehirli.
toy see oyuncak.
trace see 1. iz (track, trail), 2. izlemek (monitor,
track, trail), 3. kalnt, 4. izmek (draw), 5. iaret
(sign, signal).
English - Turkish
track see 1. iz (trace, trail), 2. izlemek (monitor,
trace, trail), 3. ray, 4. patika (trail), 5. pist, 6. yol
(path, road, route, way), 7. palet.
tract see 1. alan (area, domain, field, range, space),
2. blge (belt, district, region, zone), 3. bror, 4.
risale, 5. saha (field), 6. sistem (system), 7. toprak
(earth, ground, land, soil).
tractor see 1. traktr, 2. ekici.
trade see 1. i (action, affair, deed, job, work), 2.
meslek, 3. sanat (art), 4. ticaret (commerce), 5.
alveri.
tradition see gelenek (custom).
traditional see geleneksel (conventional).
traffic see 1. trafik, 2. ticaret (commerce), 3.
alveri.
tragedy see 1. trajedi, 2. facia, 3. felaket.
tragic see 1. trajik, 2. ackl, 3. feci, 4. korkun
(horrible, terrible).
trail see 1. izlemek (monitor, trace, track), 2. iz
(trace, track), 3. patika, 4. kuyruk (queue, tail), 5.
srklemek (drag), 6. srklenmek, 7. srnmek.
train see 1. tren, 2. kervan, 3. katar, 4. yetitirmek, 5.
sra (order, rank, sequence), 6. altrmak, 7.
kafile, 8. eitmek, 9. dizi (array, series, string),
10. maiyet.
trained see eitilmi.
trainee see stajyer.
trainer see 1. antrenr, 2. altrc.
training see 1. Eitim (education), 2. idman, 3.
antrenman, 4. terbiye, 5. alma (work).
transaction see hareket (act, action, motion, move,
movement).
transcription see transkripsiyon.
transfer see 1. aktarma, 2. aktarmak, 3. nakletmek
(carry), 4. transfer, 5. devretmek, 6. devir
(period), 7. geirmek.
transform see dntrmek (convert).
transformation see 1. dnm, 2. transformasyon.
transition see 1. gei (pass), 2. intikal.
translation see 1. tercme, 2. eviri (version).
transmission see 1. transmisyon, 2. iletme, 3. vites,
4. iletim, 5. geirme, 6. gnderme.
transparent see 1. saydam, 2. ak (clear, explicit,
free, light, open, plain, shortage), 3. effaf.
transport see 1. tamak (bear, carry), 2. tama, 3.
nakil, 4. nakletmek (carry).
transportation see srgn.
trap see 1. tuzak, 2. yakalamak (catch, grip), 3. az
(mouth), 4. kapan, 5. ayrc.
trauma see travma.
travel see 1. seyahat (journey), 2. yolculuk
(journey).
traveller see 1. seyyah, 2. yolcu (passenger).
travelling see 1. gezici, 2. seyahat (journey), 3.
seyyar.
tray see 1. tepsi, 2. tabla, 3. sini.
595
treasurer see veznedar.

treasury see hazine.
treat see 1. davranmak (act), 2. zevk, 3. smarlamak,
4. ikram.
treatment see 1. tedavi, 2. davran (attitude), 3.
muamele.
tree see aa (wood).
tremendous see 1. kocaman (huge), 2. heybetli, 3.
ahane.
trench see 1. ukur (pit), 2. hendek, 3. siper (shield).
trend see 1. eilim (inclination), 2. akm (current,
stream), 3. meyil, 4. ynelmek.
trial see 1. deneme (essay), 2. duruma, 3. dert, 4.
yarglama, 5. dava, 6. ile, 7. snav.
triangle see gen.
tribe see 1. kabile, 2. oymak, 3. airet, 4. boy
(length).
tribunal see mahkeme.
tribute see 1. takdir, 2. hara, 3. vg.
trick see 1. aldatmak, 2. dalavere, 3. hile, 4.
kandrmak, 5. marifet, 6. oyun (game), 7. dolap
(cabinet).
tricky see hileli.
tried see gvenilir.
trio see l.
trip see 1. gezi, 2. hata (error, fault), 3. srme, 4.
gezinti, 5. kastanyola, 6. srmek, 7. tkezleme,
8. tkezlemek.
triumph see 1. utku, 2. zafer (victory).
triumphant see 1. muzaffer, 2. galip.
trivial see nemsiz (minor).
tropical see tropikal.
trouble see 1. sknt, 2. znt, 3. zahmet, 4. dert,
5. zlmek (worry), 6. rahatszlk, 7.
bulandrmak, 8. bela, 9. arza (fault), 10. hastalk,
11. sorun (issue, problem).
trousers see pantolon.
truck see kamyon.
true see 1. gerek (actual, fact, real), 2. doru
(accurate, correct, right), 3. tam (absolute,
4. iten, 5. hakiki, 6. asl, 7. sadk, 8. sahi, 9.
samimi, 10. halis.
truly see 1. gerekten (indeed, really), 2. hakikaten,
3. itenlikle.
trunk see 1. bavul, 2. beden (body), 3. gvde (body).
trust see 1. gven (faith, reliance), 2. gvenmek, 3.
inanmak (believe), 4. trst.
trustee see 1. mtevelli, 2. mutemet.
truth see 1. doruluk (accuracy), 2. drstlk
(honesty), 3. hakikat, 4. gerek (actual, fact, real,
true), 5. gereklik, 6. vefa.
try see 1. almak (work), 2. deneme (essay, trial),
3. denemek, 4. yarglamak, 5. snamak (test).
trying see zahmetli.
tube see 1. boru (pipe), 2. tp, 3. metro.
596
English - Turkish
tumour see 1. tmr, 2. ur.

tune see 1. ayarlamak (adjust, regulate, set), 2. akort,
3. beste, 4. name, 5. uyum.
tunnel see tnel.
turbulent see 1. alkantl, 2. frtnal.
turkey see 1. Trkiye, 2. hindi.
turn see 1. dnmek (return), 2. dn (return), 3.
evirmek, 4. dndrmek (spin), 5. sra (order,
rank, sequence), 6. nbet, 7. yneltmek, 8. sarm,
9. sapmak, 10. dntrmek (convert, transform),
11. dnmek, 12. sapma (deviation, drift).
turner see tornac.
turning see 1. dneme, 2. dnme (rotation), 3.
dn (return, turn).
turnover see 1. ciro, 2. devir (period).
tutor see vasi.
twentieth see yirminci.
twenty see yirmi.
twin see ikiz.
twist see 1. bkme (bend), 2. bkmek, 3. bklmek,
4. dm (node), 5. ibriim, 6. bklme, 7.
burkmak, 8. sarmak (wind).
two see iki.
type see 1. tr (kind, species), 2. tip, 3. yazmak
(write), 4. rnek (example, model, sample).
typical see tipik.
U
ugly see 1. irkin, 2. iren, 3. ters (reverse), 4.
tatsz, 5. kt (bad, evil, poor), 6. frtnal, 7.
biimsiz, 8. huysuz.
ulcer see 1. lser, 2. yara.
ultimate see 1. son (end, final, finish, last), 2. esas,
3. nihai.
umbrella see emsiye.
unable see 1. aciz (helpless), 2. olanaksz.
unaffected see 1. etkilenmemi, 2. yapmacksz.
unaware see 1. habersiz, 2. nemsemeyen.
uncertain see 1. pheli, 2. belirsiz (ambiguous), 3.
kararsz.
uncertainty see 1. belirsizlik, 2. phe (suspicion).
uncle see amca.
uncomfortable see rahatsz.
uncommon see nadir.
unconscious see 1. baygn, 2. bilinsiz, 3. kastsz,
4. uursuz.
under see 1. altnda, 2. aasna, 3. altna.
underground see 1. metro, 2. yeralt, 3. gizli
undermine see baltalamak.
underneath see 1. altna, 2. altnda, 3. altndan, 4.
alt (bottom).
understand see 1. anlamak (see), 2. kavramak

(grip), 3. renmek (learn).
understandable see anlalr.
understanding see 1. anlama (accord, agreement,
deal), 2. anlay (apprehension), 3. anlayl, 4.
anlama, 5. kavray.
undertake see 1. yklenmek, 2. stlenmek, 3.
girimek.
undertaking see 1. giriim (interference), 2.
taahht, 3. vaat, 4. sz (word).
undesirable see istenmeyen.
uneasy see 1. endieli, 2. rahatsz, 3. tedirgin, 4.
tutuk, 5. huzursuz (restless), 6. skntl.
unemployed see 1. aylak (idle), 2. isiz.
unemployment see isizlik.
uneven see 1. przl, 2. engebeli, 3. tek (odd,
single, unique).
unexpected see beklenmedik.
unfair see 1. haksz, 2. hileli.
unfamiliar see yabanc.
unfortunate see 1. talihsiz, 2. anssz, 3. baarsz,
4. bahtsz.
unfortunately see maalesef.
unhappy see 1. mutsuz, 2. bedbaht, 3. yersiz, 4.
kederli, 5. anssz.
unification see 1. birleme, 2. birletirme.
uniform see 1. niforma, 2. birrnek, 3. tekdze, 4.
ayn (same), 5. dzenli (regular).
union see 1. birlik (unity), 2. sendika, 3. birleme.
unique see 1. tek (odd, single), 2. benzersiz, 3.
esiz, 4. biricik, 5. nadir.
unit see 1. birim, 2. nite, 3. birlik (union, unity), 4.
para (component, item, part, piece, portion,
segment), 5. takm (set, team).
united see 1. birleik (joint), 2. birlemi.
unity see 1. birlik (union), 2. beraberlik.
universal see evrensel.
universe see 1. evren, 2. alem (kingdom).
university see niversite.
unknown see 1. Bilinmeyen, 2. mehul, 3. yabanc.
unlawful see 1. kanunsuz, 2. yolsuz.
unlimited see snrsz.
unmarried see evlenmemi.
unnecessary see 1. gereksiz, 2. lzumsuz.
unpleasant see 1. naho, 2. tatsz, 3. irkin (ugly).
unreasonable see 1. mantksz, 2. ar (extreme), 3.
fahi, 4. aklsz (foolish).
unrest see 1. huzursuzluk, 2. rahatszlk.
unstable see 1. dengesiz, 2. kararsz.
unsuitable see 1. elverisiz, 2. uygunsuz.
unusual see 1. olaand, 2. nadir.
up see 1. ykseltmek (raise), 2. yukarya, 3. Yukar,
4. kuzeye, 5. yukarda (above).
upper see 1. st (top), 2. stteki.
English - Turkish
upright see 1. dik, 2. drst (honest), 3. namuslu, 4.
dikey (vertical).
upset see 1. devirmek, 2. bozmak, 3. devrilmi, 4.
devrilmek, 5. devrilme, 6. bozuk (broken), 7.
devirme.
upstairs see 1. yukarda (above), 2. yukarya.
up-to-date see gncel.
uranium see uranyum.
urban see kentsel.
urge see 1. zorlamak (force), 2. drt.
urgency see 1. acele, 2. srar, 3. kanlmazlk, 4.
zorunluluk.
urgent see 1. acil (pressing), 2. ivedi, 3. zorunlu
(compulsory, mandatory).
urine see 1. sidik, 2. idrar, 3. i.
us see 1. biz, 2. bize, 3. bizi.
usage see kullanm.
use see 1. kullanmak (employ), 2. kullanma, 3.
fayda, 4. adet, 5. ama (aim, intent, object,
objective, purpose, target), 6. kullanm.
used see 1. eski (former, old), 2. kullanlm.
useful see 1. yararl, 2. faydal, 3. kullanl.
usefulness see 1. fayda, 2. kullanllk.
useless see 1. yararsz, 2. abes, 3. nafile, 4. faydasz,
5. kullansz.
user see 1. kullanc, 2. tketici.
usual see 1. allm, 2. olaan, 3. alelade.
usually see 1. genellikle, 2. ounlukla.
utility see 1. yarar (advantage, benefit), 2. fayda.
utter see 1. sylemek (say, tell), 2. tam (absolute,
3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. basmak (press), 5.
kesin (definite).
utterance see ifade (expression).
V
vacant see 1. bo (blank, empty, free), 2. ak (clear,
dalgn, 4. mnhal, 5. sahipsiz.
vacuum see 1. boluk (blank, gap), 2. vakum.
vague see 1. belirsiz (ambiguous), 2. anlalmaz, 3.
mphem.
vale see vadi (valley).
valid see 1. Geerli (current), 2. yasal (legal), 3.
salam, 4. mantkl, 5. meru, 6. muteber.
validation see onaylama (approval).
validity see 1. geerlik, 2. geerlilik, 3. doruluk
(accuracy, truth), 4. salamlk.
valley see 1. vadi, 2. koyak, 3. dere.
valuable see 1. kymetli, 2. deerli.
valuation see 1. deer, 2. deerleme.
value see 1. deer, 2. kymet, 3. nem.
597
valve see 1. valf, 2. vana, 3. ventil, 4. supap.

van see 1. kamyonet, 2. Minibs.
variable see 1. deiken, 2. kararsz.
variance see 1. deiiklik (change, modification), 2.
varyans.
variation see 1. deiim, 2. varyasyon, 3. eitleme,
4. deime.
varied see 1. eitli, 2. deiik, 3. farkl, 4. trl.
variety see 1. varyete, 2. deiiklik (change,
modification), 3. eitlilik, 4. tr (kind, species,
type), 5. eit, 6. cins, 7. farkllk.
various see eitli.
vary see 1. deimek, 2. deitirmek (alter, change,
modify), 3. eitlemek.
vast see 1. geni (large, wide), 2. ok (many, much,
very), 3. engin.
vat see 1. f, 2. tekne.
vector see 1. vektr, 2. yney.
vegetable see sebze.
vegetation see 1. bitkiler, 2. tmr, 3. ur.
vehicle see 1. tat, 2. ara (implement, instrument,
means, tool), 3. vasta.
vein see 1. damar, 2. huy, 3. miza, 4. toplardamar.
velocity see 1. srat, 2. hz (speed).
velvet see kadife.
vendor see satc.
ventilation see havalandrma.
venture see 1. teebbs, 2. cret, 3. risk (risk).
verb see fiil.
verbal see 1. szl, 2. aynen (exactly).
verdict see 1. hkm (provision), 2. karar (decision).
verge see 1. kenar (border, edge, margin, side), 2.
snr (border, boundary, limit), 3. eik (threshold),
4. daire (circle).
verse see 1. dize, 2. kouk, 3. msra, 4. nazm, 5. iir,
6. ayet.
version see 1. uyarlama (adaptation), 2. eviri, 3.
versiyon, 4. srm, 5. yorum (comment,
interpretation), 6. tercme.
versus see aleyhinde.
vertical see 1. dikey, 2. dey.
very see 1. ok (many, much), 2. pek, 3. tam
precise), 4. ayn (same), 5. bile, 6. zel
(particular, private, special), 7. en (breadth,
width).
vessel see 1. gemi (ship), 2. kap (container), 3.
tekne, 4. alet (implement, instrument, tool), 5.
damar (vein), 6. kanal (canal, channel), 7. tas.
vet see 1. baytar, 2. veteriner.
vicar see vekil.
vicinity see 1. evre (environment), 2. civar, 3.
semt.
vicious see 1. huysuz, 2. bozuk (broken), 3. kt
(bad, evil, poor), 4. iddetli (bitter).
598
English - Turkish
victim see kurban.

victor see 1. fatih, 2. galip, 3. kazanan.
victory see 1. zafer, 2. galibiyet, 3. utku.
video see 1. grnt (image, picture), 2. video.
view see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard,
watch), 2. manzara, 3. grnm (appearance,
outlook), 4. bak (look), 5. gr (sight), 6.
grntleme, 7. incelemek, 8. kan, 9. ama (aim,
intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 10.
grmek (see).
vigorous see 1. din, 2. gayretli, 3. kuvvetli.
villa see 1. villa, 2. kk.
village see ky.
violence see 1. iddet, 2. zorbalk, 3. zorlama
(constraint).
violent see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. zorlu, 3. iddetli
(bitter).
virgin see 1. bakire, 2. kz (girl), 3. bakir.
virtual see 1. sanal (imaginary), 2. edimsiz, 3.
gerek (actual, fact, real, true).
virtually see 1. fiilen, 2. gerekte.
virtue see 1. erdem, 2. fazilet.
virus see virs.
visible see 1. grnr, 2. ak (clear, explicit, free,
light, open, plain, shortage).
vision see 1. grme, 2. gr (sight), 3. hayal, 4.
kuruntu, 5. gr.
visit see 1. vizite, 2. ziyaret.
visitor see ziyareti.
visual see 1. grsel, 2. grlebilir, 3. optik (optical).
vital see 1. hayati, 2. canl (alive, live, lively, living),
3. yaamsal, 4. yaayan.
vitamin see vitamin.
vivid see canl (alive, live, lively, living).
vocal see 1. sesli, 2. vokal.
voice see 1. ses (sound, tone), 2. sylemek (say,
tell), 3. sz (word), 4. at, 5. fikir (conception,
idea, opinion), 6. dnce.
volatile see 1. uucu, 2. geici (passing, temporary,
tentative), 3. dnek.
volcanic see volkanik.
voltage see 1. voltaj, 2. gerilim (tension).
volume see 1. hacim (bulk), 2. oylum, 3. cilt (skin),
4. miktar (amount, quantity), 5. yn (bulk, mass,
stack), 6. birim (unit).
voluntary see 1. gnll (volunteer), 2. istemli, 3.
fahri.
volunteer see gnll.
vote see 1. oy, 2. bildirmek (inform), 3. nermek
(propose, suggest), 4. oylama.
voting see oylama.
voyage see 1. seyahat (journey), 2. yolculuk
(journey).
vulnerability see savunmaszlk.
vulnerable see 1. yaralanabilir, 2. savunmasz.
W
wage see 1. maa (pay, salary), 2. cret, 3.
srdrmek (continue).
waist see bel.
wait see 1. beklemek (expect), 2. bekleme, 3.
bekleyi, 4. pusu.
waiter see garson.
waiting see 1. bekleme (wait), 2. bekleyi.
wake see 1. uyanmak (awake), 2. uyandrmak, 3.
canlandrmak, 4. canlanmak.
walk see 1. yrmek, 2. yry, 3. gezinti, 4.
yrme (walking), 5. yol (path, road, route, way),
6. yrtmek.
walking see 1. yrme, 2. yry (walk).
wall see 1. duvar, 2. sur.
wallet see czdan.
wan see 1. solgun, 2. soluk (breath), 3. bitik.
want see 1. istemek, 2. arzu (desire, will, wish), 3.
ihtiya, 4. yoksulluk (poverty), 5. yokluk
(absence), 6. sknt, 7. noksan, 8. lzum, 9.
gerektirmek, 10. gereksinme, 11. gereksinim
(requirement), 12. eksiklik (deficiency), 13. istek
(request), 14. fakirlik.
war see 1. sava (battle), 2. savamak.
ward see 1. blge (belt, district, region, zone), 2.
kou, 3. vesayet.
warehouse see 1. ambar (store), 2. depo (store), 3.
ardiye.
warfare see sava (battle).
warm see 1. scak (hot), 2. lk, 3. stmak, 4.
snmak, 5. canl (alive, live, lively, living), 6.
hararetli, 7. heyecanl.
warmth see 1. scaklk, 2. hararet, 3. itenlik.
warn see uyarmak (alert).
warning see 1. uyar, 2. ihtar, 3. tembih, 4. ikaz, 5.
ibret.
warrant see ruhsat.
wary see 1. uyank, 2. ihtiyatl, 3. tedbirli.
wash see 1. ykamak, 2. ykama, 3. ykanma.
washing see 1. amar, 2. ykama, 3. ykanma.
waste see 1. bo (blank, empty, free, vacant), 2. artk
(remainder, residual), 3. israf, 4. ldrmek (kill),
5. harap, 6. p, 7. dknt.
watch see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard,
view), 2. seyretmek, 3. kollamak, 4. saat (clock,
hour, o'clock, time), 5. beklemek (expect, wait),
6. izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail), 7. nbet,
8. seyretme, 9. gzlemek, 10. vardiya.
water see 1. su, 2. sulamak, 3. kalite (quality), 4.
sulanmak.
wave see 1. dalga, 2. sallamak, 3. sallanmak.
English - Turkish
way see 1. yol (path, road, route), 2. taraf, 3. yn
(course, direction), 4. mesafe, 5. tarz (genre), 6.
usul, 7. det.
weak see 1. gsz, 2. zayf.
weakness see 1. halsizlik, 2. zaaf, 3. zayflk, 4.
gszlk.
wealth see 1. bolluk (abundance, plenty), 2. servet,
3. varlk (entity), 4. zenginlik.
wealthy see 1. zengin (rich), 2. varlkl, 3. bol
(abundant, ample).
weapon see silah.
wear see 1. tamak (bear, carry), 2. ypranma, 3.
giymek, 4. eskime, 5. dayanma, 6. dayankllk, 7.
anma, 8. giyinme, 9. giysi (costume), 10.
kullanma (use), 11. taknmak, 12. takmak, 13.
elbise (clothes, dress).
wearing see 1. yorucu, 2. ypratc.
weary see 1. yorgun, 2. bitkin, 3. usanmak, 4.
bkmak, 5. bkkn, 6. yormak, 7. yorucu, 8.
yorulmak.
weather see hava (air).
web see 1. a (net, network), 2. dokuma, 3. perde
(curtain, screen).
wedding see dn.
wee see 1. minicik, 2. ufack.
week see hafta.
weekly see haftalk.
weight see 1. arlk, 2. nem, 3. tart, 4. yk (load),
5. arlatrmak.
weird see 1. acayip (peculiar), 2. tuhaf.
welcome see 1. karlama, 2. hogeldiniz.
welfare see 1. refah, 2. salk.
well see 1. iyi (fine, good, okay), 2. kuyu, 3. memba,
4. yerinde, 5. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable),
6. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 7.
ey (thing), 8. kaynamak, 9. ok (many, much,
very), 10. kaynak (origin, resource, source), 11.
ho (pleasant), 12. gzel (beautiful, fair, fine,
handsome, lovely, pretty), 13. fkrmak, 14. pek
(very).
west see bat.
western see bat (west).
wet see 1. slak, 2. slatmak, 3. yamurlu, 4. ya
(age), 5. rutubet, 6. slaklk.
whatever see 1. hi (nothing), 2. ne.
wheat see buday.
wheel see 1. tekerlek, 2. Teker, 3. ark, 4. dnmek
(return, turn), 5. direksiyon, 6. dndrmek (spin).
when see vakit.
where see 1. nerede, 2. nereye, 3. nereden, 4. Yer
(earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 5.
nere.
whereas see 1. halbuki, 2. oysa.
while see 1. zaman (time), 2. sre (duration, time).
whip see 1. kam, 2. kamlamak, 3. krba.
whisky see viski.
599
whisper see 1. fsldamak, 2. fslt.

whistle see 1. ddk, 2. slk.
white see 1. beyaz, 2. ak.
who see 1. kim, 2. kime.
whole see 1. Btn (all, entire, integral), 2. tam
precise, very).
wholesale see toptan.
wholly see 1. tamamen (absolutely, altogether,
entirely), 2. bsbtn, 3. tmden.
why see 1. neden (cause), 2. niye, 3. niin.
wicked see 1. muzip, 2. yaramaz, 3. aalk, 4.
hain, 5. hnzr, 6. kt (bad, evil, poor).
wide see 1. geni (large), 2. tamamen (absolutely,
altogether, entirely), 3. kapsaml, 4. iyice, 5.
ferah, 6. engin, 7. byk (big, grand, great, large,
major), 8. bol (abundant, ample), 9. enli.
width see 1. en (breadth), 2. genilik.
wife see 1. kar, 2. e (match), 3. zevce, 4. hanm, 5.
avrat, 6. refika.
wild see 1. azgn, 2. kzgn (angry), 3. vahi, 4.
yabani.
wilderness see 1. l (desert), 2. kr, 3. yn (bulk,
mass, stack), 4. sahra.
will see 1. arzu (desire, wish), 2. irade, 3. istek
(request), 4. niyet (intent, intention, purpose), 5.
amalamak, 6. arzulamak, 7. dilek, 8.
vasiyetname.
willing see 1. hazr, 2. istekli, 3. gnll
(volunteer), 4. raz.
willingness see gnlllk.
win see 1. kazanmak, 2. galibiyet, 3. baar
(achievement, success), 4. zafer (victory).
wind see 1. Rzgar, 2. sarmak, 3. rzgr, 4. yel, 5.
dneme, 6. dolanmak, 7. dolamak, 8. nefes
(breath), 9. kurma.
window see 1. pencere, 2. cam (glass), 3. vitrin.
wine see arap.
wing see 1. kanat, 2. umak (fly), 3. kanatlanmak, 4.
kol (arm), 5. amurluk.
winner see galip.
winning see 1. ekici, 2. ho (pleasant), 3. sevimli.
winter see 1. k, 2. klamak.
wipe see 1. silmek (cancel), 2. silme, 3. vuru
(stroke).
wire see 1. tel, 2. telgraf.
wisdom see 1. bilgelik, 2. akl (intelligence, mind),
3. aklllk.
wise see 1. akll (intelligent), 2. bilge, 3. deneyimli,
4. usta (skilled).
wish see 1. arzu (desire, will), 2. istek (request), 3.
arzulamak, 4. dilek, 5. dilemek, 6. istemek
(want).
wit see 1. nkte, 2. akl (intelligence, mind), 3.
anlay (apprehension).
witch see 1. cad, 2. bylemek, 3. byc.
600
English - Turkish
with see ile (and).

withdraw see 1. ekilmek, 2. ekmek (drag, draw,
pull).
withdrawal see 1. ekilme, 2. iptal.
within see 1. iinde, 2. zarfnda, 3. ieriye, 4.
ieride, 5. i (inner, inside, internal).
witness see 1. ahit, 2. tank, 3. tanklk, 4. kant
(evidence, proof), 5. delil.
woman see 1. kadn, 2. kar (wife).
wonder see 1. hayret, 2. amak, 3. aknlk, 4.
mucize, 5. harika (wonderful).
wonderful see harika.
wood see 1. odun, 2. tahta (board), 3. aa (tree), 4.
koru, 5. ahap, 6. kereste.
wooden see tahta (board, wood).
wool see 1. yn, 2. yapa.
word see 1. kelime, 2. szck, 3. sz, 4. haber.
wording see slup.
work see 1. almak, 2. i (action, affair, deed, job),
3. alma, 4. ilemek, 5. emek, 6. grev (task), 7.
altrmak (run), 8. iletmek (operate), 9.
oynamak (play).
worker see 1. amele, 2. ii.
working see 1. alan, 2. alma (work), 3. i
(action, affair, deed, job, work).
works see 1. fabrika (factory), 2. mekanizma
(mechanism), 3. tesis.
workshop see 1. atlye, 2. ilik, 3. iyeri.
world see 1. dnya (earth), 2. evren (universe), 3.
alem (kingdom).
worldwide see evrensel (universal).
worn see 1. anm, 2. bitkin, 3. eskimi, 4.
ypranm.
worried see 1. zntl, 2. endieli, 3. kaygl, 4.
zgn.
worry see 1. zlmek, 2. znt, 3. kayglanmak, 4.
zmek, 5. merak (curiosity), 6. kayg, 7. dert, 8.
endie (anxiety).
worship see 1. tapma, 2. tapmak, 3. ibadet, 4.
tapnma, 5. tapnmak.
worth see 1. deer, 2. bedel.
worthy see 1. layk, 2. saygdeer.
wound see 1. yaralamak, 2. yara, 3. bere, 4.
incitmek.
wretched see 1. zavall, 2. sefil (miserable), 3.
perian, 4. biare, 5. bitkin, 6. berbat.
wrist see bilek.
writ see ferman.
write see 1. yazmak (type), 2. yazma.
writer see yazar (author).
writing see 1. yaz, 2. yazarlk, 3. yazma.
written see yazl.
wrong see 1. uygunsuz, 2. yanl (false), 3. bozuk
(broken), 4. haksz, 5. hatal, 6. ters (reverse).
Y
yacht see yat.
yard see 1. avlu (court, courtyard), 2. yarda, 3. seren.
yarn see 1. iplik (thread), 2. masal.
yeah see evet (yes).
year see 1. Yl, 2. sene.
yellow see 1. sar, 2. korkak, 3. sarartmak, 4.
sararmak, 5. kskan.
yes see evet.
yesterday see dn.
yet see 1. henz, 2. daha (more), 3. ama (but), 4.
ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only,
scarcely).
yield see 1. verim (efficiency), 2. rn (crop,
product), 3. eilmek, 4. snme, 5. kazan (gain,
proceeds), 6. getiri, 7. esnemek, 8. gelir.
young see 1. yavru, 2. gen (youth, youthful), 3.
yeni (new, novel), 4. kk (minor, small), 5.
taze (fresh).
youngster see 1. ocuk (child, infant), 2. delikanl,
3. gen (young, youth, youthful).
yours see 1. seninki, 2. sizinki.
youth see 1. gen (young, youthful), 2. genlik, 3.
delikanl (youngster), 4. tazelik.
youthful see 1. gen (young, youth), 2. taze (fresh),
3. din.
Z
zero see 1. sfr, 2. hilik.
zone see 1. blge (belt, district, region), 2. yre, 3.
kuak (belt, generation), 4. mntka, 5. alan (area,
domain, field, range, space).
Index
Vocabulary Study
Lists
Verbs (Turkish - English)
aklamak
ad
affetmek
aksatmak
aldrmamak
alndlamak
almak
anmsamak
anlamak
anlatmak
anmak
aramak
aratrmak
andrmak
atamak
atmak
ayrmak
balamak
bakmak
baarmak
bakalamak
balamak
balatmak
bavurmak
beklemek
belirlemek
belirmek
benimsemek
benzememek
betimlemek
bildirmek
brakmak
birikmek
explain
noun
forgive
disturb
ignore
acknowledge
derive
remember
distinguish
relate
remember
seek
seek
eat
create
send
choose
forgive
tend
achieve
alter
begin
begin
refer
expect
determine
appear
adopt
differ
describe
advise
dismiss
collect
biriktirmek
bozmak
bulmak
bulunmak
bymek
abalamak
armak
ekilmek
ekmek
eitlemek
evirmek
karmak
izmek
rtmek
dayanmak
dayatmak
deerlendirmek
deinmek
deimek
deitirmek
Denetlemek
dengelemek
desteklemek
dinlemek
direnmek
dlamak
domak
dntrmek
dnmek
duymak
dzelmek
dzeltmek
edinmek
elde
emmek
eitlemek
etmek
ettirmek
farzetmek
frlatmak
geirmek
gelimek
gelitirmek
gelmek
gerekletirmek
getirmek
collect
disturb
discover
exist
grow
seek
invite
withdraw
withdraw
vary
render
derive
describe
eat
resist
insist
evaluate
refer
vary
replace
inspect
compensate
strengthen
hear
resist
exclude
arrive
transform
think
hear
improve
improve
acquire
carry
absorb
compensate
render
get
suppose
send
carry
improve
develop
come
realize
get
602
Indexes
Gir
girimek
girmek
Gnder
gndermek
grnmek
gtrmek
gzkmek
glendirmek
gvenmek
hafifletmek
hatrlamak
havlu
hazrlamak
hesaplamak
iermek
ilerletmek
inandrmak
incelemek
isim
iitmek
skarta
istemek
iyilemek
izlemek
kabullenmek
kanmak
kaldrmak
kandrmak
kapsamak
kararlatrmak
karmak
kartrmak
karlamak
katlanmak
katmak
kaydetmek
kazanmak
kemirmek
kefetmek
klmak
korkutmak
kovalamak
kovmak
kurmak
kurtarmak
enter
undertake
enter
send
refer
appear
convey
appear
strengthen
depend
modify
remember
towel
get
calculate
include
improve
persuade
examine
noun
hear
reject
choose
recover
pursue
accept
avoid
receive
induce
include
determine
interfere
disturb
compensate
tolerate
include
enter
earn
eat
detect
render
threaten
pursue
dismiss
constitute
recover
kutlamak
kuvvetlendirmek
menzil
nakletmek
nitelemek
renmek
retmek
tlemek
Okuma
okumak
olmak
oluturmak
onarmak
onaylamak
ner
nermek
ngrmek
oturmak
oturtmak
planlamak
reddetmek
salamak
salamlatrmak
saknmak
sanmak
saptamak
saymak
semek
sezmek
snamak
snrlamak
sivrilmek
sourmak
SOR
sormak
soruturmak
soymak
sunmak
srdrmek
tanmak
tanmlamak
tantrmak
tantmak
tasarlamak
tamak
tepkimek
celebrate
strengthen
carry
convey
qualify
hear
introduce
advise
read
read
get
constitute
restore
acknowledge
suggest
suggest
predict
sit
sit
calculate
reject
ensure
reinforce
avoid
suppose
determine
calculate
choose
detect
examine
restrict
distinguish
absorb
ask
ask
investigate
rob
submit
pursue
acknowledge
describe
introduce
introduce
calculate
receive
react
Indexes
toparlamak
toplamak
toplanmak
tretmek
tutmak
uramak
uramak
ulamak
ummak
unutmak
unutmamak
stlenmek
uyarlamak
uyarmak
uydurmak
uygulamak
uymak
varmak
varsaymak
vermek
yadsmak
yaknmak
yakmak
yalanlamak
yapmak
yaptrmak
yaramak
yaratmak
yarmak
yaamak
yelemek
yemek
yoklamak
yoksaymak
yollamak
ynelmek
yorumlamak
yklenmek
ykseltmek
yutmak
zannetmek
collect
collect
collect
derive
retain
receive
seek
arrive
anticipate
forget
remember
assume
adapt
warn
adapt
realize
comply
get
assume
render
deny
complain
become
deny
fulfil
get
become
create
compete
exist
choose
eat
examine
ignore
send
tend
interpret
undertake
promote
absorb
suppose
Verbs (English - Turkish)

absorb
accept
achieve
acknowledge
acquire
adapt
adopt
advise
alter
anticipate
appear
arrive
ask
assume
avoid
become
begin
bring
calculate
carry
celebrate
choose
collect
come
compensate
compete
complain
comply
conform
consider
constitute
contemplate
convey
create
decide
define
deny
depend
derive
describe
detect
emmek
almak
baarmak
onaylamak
edinmek
uyarlamak
benimsemek
bildirmek
bakalamak
beklemek
belirmek
domak
sormak
varsaymak
kanmak
olmak
balamak
getirmek
hesaplamak
menzil
kutlamak
ayrmak
birikmek
gelmek
dengelemek
yarmak
yaknmak
uymak
uymak
saymak
atamak
tasarlamak
gtrmek
atamak
kararlatrmak
tanmlamak
yadsmak
gvenmek
tretmek
betimlemek
sezmek
603
604
Indexes
determine
develop
differ
discover
dismiss
distinguish
disturb
earn
eat
ensure
enter
evaluate
examine
exclude
exist
expect
explain
forget
forgive
fulfil
get
grow
happen
have
hear
ignore
improve
include
induce
insist
inspect
interfere
interpret
introduce
investigate
invite
learn
lend
listen
modify
noun
obtain
occur
persuade
predict
prefer
promote
propose
saptamak
gelimek
benzememek
kefetmek
kovmak
anlamak
kartrmak
kazanmak
rtmek
salamak
kaydetmek
deerlendirmek
incelemek
dlamak
yaamak
beklemek
aklamak
unutmak
affetmek
yapmak
getirmek
bymek
olmak
almak
duymak
aldrmamak
gelitirmek
iermek
kandrmak
dayatmak
Denetlemek
karmak
yorumlamak
balamak
soruturmak
armak
renmek
vermek
dinlemek
deitirmek
isim
salamak
bulunmak
inandrmak
ngrmek
sunmak
ykseltmek
nermek
provide
pursue
qualify
react
read
realize
receive
recover
refer
reinforce
reject
relate
remember
render
replace
require
resign
resist
restore
restrict
retain
retire
reveal
rob
seek
seem
send
sit
strengthen
submit
suggest
suppose
tend
think
threaten
tolerate
towel
transform
undertake
vary
warn
withdraw
salamak
izlemek
nitelemek
tepkimek
Okuma
anlamak
almak
iyilemek
bakmak
salamlatrmak
skarta
anlatmak
anmsamak
klmak
deitirmek
istemek
ekilmek
dayanmak
onarmak
snrlamak
tutmak
ekilmek
aklamak
soymak
uramak
grnmek
atmak
oturmak
desteklemek
sunmak
ner
zannetmek
bakmak
dnmek
korkutmak
katlanmak
havlu
dntrmek
yklenmek
eitlemek
uyarmak
ekmek
Indexes
Nouns (Turkish - English)

abla
abluka
acele
ak
Aiklama
aklama
aklk
aclk
adam
aday
afet
az
agoni
ahenk
ahize
akademi
akn
akrabalk
aksilik
aktarma
aktif
aktris
alacakl
alan
albm
aldanma
aldatma
alem
alet
aleyhtar
alfa
alfabe
alg
alc
aln
alnd
alnt
alkol
Allah
alma
sister
investment
urgency
shortage
explanation
commentary
clarity
bitterness
bloke
applicant
disaster
outlet
agony
agreement
receiver
academy
invasion
relationship
bile
quotation
assets
actress
creditor
domain
album
deception
imposition
universe
apparatus
opponent
alpha
script
perception
buyer
brow
acknowledgement
quotation
alcohol
lord
receiver
alt
altyap
alminyum
ambar
ambulans
amca
amel
amele
ameliyat
amir
anabilgisayar
anahtarlama
analist
analoji
anayasa
anayol
anlam
anlama
anlama
anlamazlk
anlatm
anlay
anneanne
anons
ant
antikor
antre
antrenman
antropoloji
ar
ara
araba
ara
aralar
aralk
aratrma
araz
arazi
ardl
arena
arife
aristokrasi
arka
arkadalk
arkeoloji
artk
child
infrastructure
aluminium
storage
ambulance
uncle
diarrhoea
worker
operation
commander
mainframe
switching
analyst
analogy
constitution
highway
significance
comprehension
agreement
disagreement
expression
conception
grandmother
announcement
oath
antibody
entry
training
anthropology
are
interval
car
vehicle
media
interval
exploration
symptom
terrain
successor
arena
eve
aristocracy
supporter
society
archaeology
remainder
605
606
Indexes
artma
arz
aama
aslma
ainalk
asr
airet
asker
asma
astm
atama
ate
atma
atmosfer
atlye
avare
avc
avlu
avukat
avunma
avuntu
ay
ayakkab
ayaklanma
ayaktopu
ayar
ayarlama
aydnlatma
aydnlk
aygt
ayin
ayp
ayrma
aylk
aynlk
ayrlk
ayrlma
aza
azim
azot
baba
babacm
baca
bagaj
bamszlk
bant
accession
earth
phase
suspension
familiarity
century
tribe
soldier
suspension
asthma
appointment
fever
projection
atmosphere
studio
rover
hunter
courtyard
attorney
consolation
consolation
month
shoe
rebellion
soccer
setting
adjustment
lighting
daylight
apparatus
ceremony
contempt
isolation
salary
identity
faction
leaving
member
resolution
nitrogen
daddy
dad
chimney
luggage
sovereignty
correlation
ba
baklk
balant
bahane
bahvan
bakanlk
bakc
bakm
bakr
bakm
bakiye
baldr
bale
balk
balkon
bana
banker
banyo
bar
barnak
bariyer
ba
baar
babakan
basmc
basn
bakan
bakanlk
basket
bask
baskn
balang
balk
bastrma
bayazar
batak
bataklk
bavul
bay
bayan
bayi
bayrak
bebek
beenme
beki
belgeleme
contribution
immunity
commitment
plea
gardener
portfolio
keeper
maintenance
copper
symmetry
remainder
calf
ballet
fisher
balcony
me
banker
bathroom
pub
sanctuary
barrier
leader
success
chancellor
printer
compression
president
presidency
basket
impression
descent
outset
hood
compression
editor
marsh
marsh
suitcase
sir
mistress
seller
colours
doll
approval
keeper
documentation
Indexes
belirme
belirsizlik
Belirte
belirti
belirtim
belirtme
bellek
ben
beni
benlik
benzerlik
benzeim
benzin
beraberlik
bereket
berraklk
beinci
beste
besteci
betik
bey
beyan
beyefendi
biberiye
biim
bildiri
bileklik
bileim
bilgi
bilgin
bilgisizlik
bilin
bilirkii
bina
birader
birahane
bireim
birim
birleme
birletirme
birlik
bitkiler
biyografi
biyoloji
biyopsi
biz
emergence
uncertainty
indicator
symptom
specification
specification
storage
ego
me
ego
affinity
analogy
petrol
unity
abundance
clarity
fifth
composition
composer
script
lord
statement
sir
rosemary
configuration
announcement
supporter
composition
data
scientist
ignorance
consciousness
surveyor
construction
brother
pub
synthesis
unit
alliance
unification
unity
vegetation
biography
biology
biopsy
us
bize
bizi
blucin
bbrek
bodrum
boum
boksr
blge
bolluk
blm
bomba
bor
borlu
boy
boyac
boyut
boyutlar
bozma
bozulma
Brezilya
bror
buhran
bulatrma
bulgu
bulma
blten
bulucu
bulunmay
bulu
bulvar
bunalm
bnye
burjuvazi
bro
brokrasi
burun
but
buut
bykanne
bykbaba
bykeli
byklk
byme
buza
buzdolab
bzlme
us
us
jeans
kidney
cellar
node
fighter
region
abundance
category
egg
debt
debtor
tribe
painter
dimension
dimensions
dissolution
dissolution
brazil
leaflet
depression
contamination
symptom
detection
bulletin
detector
absence
discovery
avenue
crisis
constitution
bourgeoisie
bureau
bureaucracy
prominence
thigh
dimension
grandmother
grandfather
ambassador
magnitude
expansion
calf
fridge
contraction
607
608
Indexes
aba
abalama
cadde
a
cahillik
akmak
algc
alkanlk
alma
altrma
cam
can
cankurtaran
canlanma
canllk
anta
ap
are
arpm
araf
at
avu
cazibe
cefa
cehalet
ekici
ekicilik
ekim
ekirdek
ekime
ekme
ekmece
celse
cemaat
cemiyet
cennet
cephane
cephanelik
cereyan
cerrah
cerrahlk
cesaret
eitleme
eviri
evirme
evre
effort
effort
avenue
era
ignorance
lighter
musician
industry
operation
operation
window
life
ambulance
revival
life
suitcase
diameter
solution
product
sheet
framework
sergeant
attraction
hardship
ignorance
tractor
attraction
attraction
nucleus
contention
extraction
drawer
session
congregation
society
heaven
ammunition
arsenal
circulation
surgeon
surgery
enterprise
variation
interpretation
enclosure
neighbourhood
evrebilim
ceza
cezalandrma
ifti
iftilik
cihaz
karma
knt
k
ile
im
imenlik
cinsellik
ciro
it
civar
ocuk
oalma
corafya
kelti
okluk
knt
zelti
zm
znme
znrlk
czdan
dalma
daire
dalgnlk
dam
damar
damga
dana
danma
danman
Data
davetli
davran
dayanma
dede
defter
deerlendirme
deirmenci
deiiklik
deiim
ecology
punishment
punishment
farmer
agriculture
apparatus
extraction
projection
outlet
ordeal
lawn
lawn
sexuality
backing
barrier
vicinity
youngster
accession
geography
sediment
abundance
depression
solution
resolution
solution
resolution
wallet
dissolution
department
absence
queen
vessel
marker
calf
consultation
supervisor
data
guest
attitude
tolerance
grandfather
notebook
evaluation
miller
amendment
variation
Indexes
deime
deimezlik
deitirme
dehliz
dekan
dekor
dekorasyon
delegasyon
delik
delikanl
delil
deme
demirci
demiryolu
demokrat
deneti
denetleyici
denge
dengesizlik
denizcilik
denklem
departman
depo
depolama
depresyon
dere
derinlik
derlem
derleme
dernek
ders
derslik
dert
destek
destekleme
detektr
devalasyon
devam
devamllk
deveran
devinirlik
devir
deyim
dikey
dil
dilbilim
variation
stability
modification
gallery
dean
scenery
decoration
delegation
outlet
boy
argument
statement
smith
railway
democrat
supervisor
supervisor
stability
instability
navigation
equation
department
storage
storage
depression
valley
depth
collection
composition
institution
example
classroom
complaint
cooperation
backing
detector
devaluation
continuation
continuity
rotation
momentum
rotation
expression
portrait
language
linguistics
din
dinleme
dinlenme
diplomasi
dii
disk
disko
diskotek
divan
diyanet
diz
dizge
dizgi
dorulama
doruluk
dkme
doktrin
dkm
dokmantasyon
dokunulmazlk
dolar
dolam
dolama
domuz
donanm
donat
donatm
dnem
dnme
dn
dnm
doruk
dostluk
doyumsuzluk
dram
drama
dua
dm
dnrlk
dnya
drbn
durgunluk
drt
durum
duru
dey
religion
monitoring
recreation
diplomacy
dentist
disk
disco
disco
council
religion
knee
system
composition
confirmation
validity
casting
doctrine
casting
documentation
immunity
dollar
circulation
navigation
pork
hardware
equipment
equipment
era
rotation
rotation
transformation
height
society
dissatisfaction
drama
drama
prayer
node
alliance
earth
binoculars
recession
impulse
situation
attitude
portrait
609
610
Indexes
dmanlk
dk
dnce
d
duvar
duvarc
duyarlk
duyarllk
duyuru
dzeltme
dzeltmen
dzen
dzenek
dzenleme
dzenleyici
ebat
ebeveyn
eczac
eda
edebiyat
editr
efendi
efsane
egemenlik
eilim
Eitim
eitmen
elence
ego
ehliyetsizlik
ek
ekip
ekmeki
ekoloji
ekonomi
ekonomist
eksen
eksiklik
ekspertiz
elastikiyet
elbise
eli
elilik
elektron
eleman
element
hostility
abortion
attitude
recession
enclosure
mason
sensitivity
sensitivity
advertisement
adjustment
reader
disposal
mechanism
layout
editor
dimensions
parents
chemist
expression
literature
editor
lord
myth
domination
affinity
training
instructor
diversion
ego
disability
extension
brigade
baker
ecology
economics
economist
axis
shortage
expertise
flexibility
clothes
ambassador
mission
electron
element
element
elverililik
emek
emekli
emeklilik
emilme
emme
emniyet
emtia
en
endstri
enformasyon
engel
engelleme
enjeksiyon
enzim
er
erime
eriyik
erteleme
erzak
esas
eser
eik
esinti
esir
eitlik
esneklik
eya
et
etik
etki
etkileim
etkililik
etkinletirme
etkinlik
etraf
ev
evre
evren
evrimsel
eylem
eziyet
faaliyet
fabrika
fabrikatr
facia
convenience
effort
pensioner
retirement
absorption
absorption
safety
commodity
width
industry
information
barrier
prevention
injection
enzyme
soldier
solution
solution
suspension
provisions
basis
production
threshold
breath
prisoner
equality
flexibility
article
meat
ethics
impression
interaction
effectiveness
activation
activity
surroundings
residence
phase
system
evolutionary
activity
punishment
activity
factory
manufacturer
disaster
Indexes
fark
farmason
faizm
fatih
faz
federasyon
felaket
felsefe
feminizm
fenomen
fesih
fetih
f
fc
fidanlk
fiil
fikir
fkra
film
filo
frn
frnc
frlatma
frsat
fslt
fizik
flora
fonlama
forml
forum
fotoraf
fotoraflk
frekans
funda
futbol
fze
gaddarlk
galeri
galibiyet
galip
garaj
garson
gaydac
gayret
gazete
gazeteci
distinction
mason
fascism
victor
phase
federation
disaster
philosophy
feminism
phenomenon
dissolution
conquest
vat
cooper
nursery
verb
concept
article
movie
squadron
stove
baker
projection
opportunity
breath
physics
flora
funding
formula
forum
photographer
photography
frequency
heath
football
missile
cruelty
gallery
victory
victor
garage
waiter
piper
industry
sheet
journalist
gazetecilik
geerlik
geerlilik
gei
geit
gelenek
gelin
gelir
geli
gelime
gelitirme
gelme
gemi
gemicilik
gen
gen
genileme
geniletme
genilik
genleme
gerekilik
gerekletirme
gerek
gereke
gereksinim
gericilik
gerileme
gerilim
geyik
gezegen
gezici
gider
girdap
Girdi
girinti
giri
giriim
girikenlik
girme
gyap
giydirme
giysi
gizleme
glikoz
gs
gl
journalism
validity
validity
transition
gate
tradition
bride
income
arrival
improvement
development
advent
vessel
navigation
gene
youngster
expansion
extension
width
expansion
realism
implementation
requirement
rationale
requirement
reaction
regression
voltage
deer
planet
travelling
expenditure
gulf
entry
recession
door
enterprise
enterprise
entry
absence
dressing
clothes
secretion
glucose
chest
loch
611
612
Indexes
gmlek
gnlllk
gnlszlk
grev
grevli
grng
grnm
gr
grme
gsterge
gsteri
gsterim
gsterme
gstermelik
gt
gz
gzbebei
gzda
gze
gzetici
gzlk
grevci
grup
gruplama
g
glk
gd
gldr
glme
gl
gmrk
gn
gnahszlk
gnbatm
gndem
gndz
gvence
gvenilirlik
gvenlik
gvensizlik
gz
gzellik
haber
hadise
hafta
hakimiyet
shirt
willingness
reluctance
assignment
employee
phenomenon
perspective
conception
conference
indicator
demonstration
projection
demonstration
specimen
arse
drawer
pupil
threat
cell
supervisor
glasses
striker
batch
configuration
ability
complexity
motivation
comedy
laughter
laughter
customs
day
innocence
sunset
agenda
daytime
assurance
reliability
safety
disbelief
autumn
beauty
message
event
week
sovereignty
hal
hala
halef
halletme
hamal
hamil
han
hapishane
harcama
hareket
haset
hastabakc
hastalk
hava
havaalan
havaclk
havalandrma
havaliman
havuz
havza
hayal
hayat
hayret
haz
hazine
hazne
heceleme
hedef
hekimlik
hela
helikopter
hemire
herif
heyecan
heyet
heykel
hidrojen
hile
himaye
hipotez
hrdavat
hrs
hrszlk
hsmlk
hisse
hissedar
situation
aunt
successor
settlement
porter
holder
inn
institution
expenditure
transaction
jealousy
sister
complaint
atmosphere
airfield
aviation
ventilation
airport
basin
basin
imagination
existence
astonishment
enjoyment
exchequer
reservoir
spelling
destination
medicine
lavatory
helicopter
sister
bloke
fever
corps
statue
hydrogen
device
asylum
hypothesis
hardware
ambition
burglary
affinity
quantum
shareholder
Indexes
hiyerari
hizip
hzlanma
hizmeti
hizmetli
hobi
hoca
Hollanda
hoparlr
hogr
holanma
honutsuzluk
hcre
hcum
hudut
hukuk
hukuku
hkm
hkmdar
hrriyet
hviyet
huy
huysuzluk
huzursuzluk
ibne
ibret
icap
icat
ierme
iindekiler
icra
itepi
itima
idam
idare
idareci
iddia
ideoloji
idman
idrak
ifade
iflas
ifa
ihtilaf
ihtiras
ihtiya
hierarchy
faction
acceleration
servant
employee
hobby
teacher
holland
speaker
tolerance
enjoyment
dissatisfaction
cell
aggression
boundary
law
lawyer
judgement
lord
independence
identity
kidney
bile
unrest
queen
example
requirement
innovation
implication
contents
execution
impulse
assembly
execution
manipulation
administrator
contention
ideology
training
perception
statement
bankruptcy
disclosure
controversy
ambition
deprivation
ikrar
iktibas
iktidar
iktisat
ila
ilan
ilerleme
ileti
ilgi
ilinti
iliki
iltica
ima
imal
imalathane
iman
imgelem
imla
imleyici
imparator
inan
inceleme
ncil
indikatr
ini
inme
ina
inaat
inaat
intikal
inziva
iplik
iptal
iris
rklk
irtica
irtifa
i
isabet
iaret
ibirlii
ii
ishal
klandrma
stc
iskele
confession
quotation
ability
economist
medicine
announcement
advancement
message
involvement
correlation
relationship
asylum
implication
production
factory
religion
imagination
spelling
marker
emperor
conviction
investigation
bible
indicator
landing
descent
construction
construction
builder
transition
retirement
yarn
abolition
iris
racism
reaction
height
profession
incidence
marker
cooperation
employee
diarrhoea
lighting
heater
landing
613
614
Indexes
iskelet
ikence
slah
ilem
ilemci
ileme
iletme
iletmeci
iletmen
ilik
srar
isizlik
istatistik
istekli
isteksizlik
istiare
istihsal
istikrar
istila
istismar
istisna
iveren
isyan
iyeri
itaat
itibar
itikat
itiraf
itme
ittifak
ivme
iyiletirme
iyilik
izah
izdm
zgara
izlenim
izolasyon
jeoloji
jri
kabile
kabiliyet
kabin
kabristan
kabul
kanlmazlk
framework
cruelty
amendment
operation
processor
processing
operation
operator
operator
workshop
insistence
unemployment
statistics
applicant
reluctance
metaphor
production
stability
invasion
exploitation
exception
employer
rebellion
workshop
compliance
odour
creed
confession
impulse
alliance
acceleration
amendment
kindness
explanation
projection
grid
impression
isolation
geology
jury
tribe
ability
cabin
cemetery
acknowledgement
urgency
kadn
kafa
kahkaha
kaide
kalan
kaldrm
kaleci
kalnlk
kalker
kalknma
kalsiyum
kamara
kamarot
kamera
kam
kamyon
kanaat
kanal
kandrma
kanepe
kan
kant
kantin
kanun
kap
kapak
kapama
kap
kapc
kapitalizm
kapsam
kapsama
kaput
karaca
karacier
karakter
karar
kararllk
kararszlk
karayolu
karde
kargaa
kar
karklk
karm
kartrma
dame
nut
laughter
basis
remainder
pavement
goalkeeper
thickness
limestone
development
calcium
cabin
steward
camera
penis
lorry
conviction
vessel
deception
sofa
conclusion
argument
canteen
canon
vessel
lid
enclosure
door
porter
capitalism
comprehension
inclusion
hood
deer
liver
fibre
judgement
resolution
instability
highway
brother
confusion
dame
confusion
mixture
implication
Indexes
karmaa
karmaklk
karlama
karlatrma
karlk
kartpostal
ka
kaset
kasvet
kategori
katlm
katlmc
katiyet
katk
kavalc
kavgac
kavram
kavrama
kavak
kayak
kaydetme
kayg
kayt
kaynak
kaynaklar
kaynama
kaza
kazak
kazanan
kazan
kefillik
keideci
keif
kesim
kesinlik
kiler
kl
kimlik
kimyager
kip
kirlenme
krtasiyecilik
kiilik
ksm
kst
kstlama
complexity
complexity
event
analogy
payment
postcard
brow
cassette
depression
category
accession
participant
certainty
contribution
piper
fighter
conception
comprehension
junction
ski
registration
preoccupation
entry
source
resources
fusion
accident
sweater
victor
proceeds
sponsorship
drawer
discovery
sector
certainty
cellar
sword
identification
chemist
mood
contamination
bureaucracy
personality
department
constraint
constraint
kskanlk
kla
ksrak
kstas
kitaplk
ktlk
kvam
kyas
kz
kzgnlk
klavye
kliring
koku
kol
kolaylk
kle
koleksiyon
koleksiyoncu
kolektr
kolesterol
koloni
kolordu
koltuk
komedi
komisyon
komisyoncu
komite
kompozisyon
kompozitr
kompresyon
komular
komutan
konak
konfederasyon
konferans
konfigrasyon
kongre
konsantrasyon
konsey
konsorsiyum
konsltasyon
konteyner
kontluk
kontrolr
konu
konuk
jealousy
quarters
mare
criterion
library
shortage
consistency
analogy
queen
irritation
keyboard
clearing
odour
limb
convenience
servant
collection
collector
collector
cholesterol
colony
corps
armchair
comedy
percentage
broker
committee
composition
composer
compression
neighbourhood
commander
mansion
confederation
conference
configuration
convention
concentration
council
consortium
consultation
container
county
controller
topic
guest
615
616
Indexes
konukseverlik
Konum
konuma
konumac
konut
korelasyon
krfez
korkuluk
korkutma
koroner
korsan
koruma
korunma
kk
kovalama
koyak
kyl
kyller
koyma
koyuluk
koyun
kralie
kraliyet
krallk
kreasyon
kre
kriter
kriz
kuantum
kmseme
kfe
kfr
kukuleta
kul
kullanm
klliyat
kulp
kltr
kulbe
kulvar
kumandan
kupon
kural
kuram
kurbaa
kurban
hospitality
location
conversation
speaker
residence
correlation
gulf
barrier
threat
coronary
rover
preservation
preservation
villa
pursuit
valley
peasant
peasantry
placement
consistency
sheep
queen
kingdom
realm
creation
nursery
canon
crisis
quantum
contempt
basket
oath
hood
servant
disposal
corpus
holder
culture
cottage
lane
commander
coupon
law
theory
frog
victim
kurdela
kurdele
kre
kurgu
kurma
krtaj
kurul
kurulu
kurum
kuruntu
kuatma
kusursuzluk
kutu
ktphane
ktphaneci
kuyumculuk
kuzen
kuzin
laubalilik
lazer
leen
levha
lider
liderlik
lif
likidite
limonluk
lisan
literatr
litre
logo
lokanta
lord
Lotus
maa
mabet
madalya
madde
maden
mahkeme
mahkumiyet
mahpus
mahrumiyet
mahzen
makale
makine
ribbon
ribbon
sphere
speculation
foundation
abortion
committee
enterprise
society
imagination
enclosure
perfection
chest
library
librarian
jewellery
cousin
cousin
familiarity
laser
basin
sheet
leader
leadership
fibre
liquidity
greenhouse
language
literature
litre
logo
restaurant
lord
lotus
salary
temple
decoration
article
metal
tribunal
conviction
prisoner
deprivation
cellar
article
device
Indexes
makineler
makinist
mal
malumat
mandra
maneviyat
manevra
mantk
manzara
manzume
masal
masast
mason
masraf
Masraflar
mastar
matara
matbaac
matematik
maun
mecaz
meclis
mefhum
mekanik
mekanizma
mektuplama
memba
memnuniyetsizlik
memur
mene
merak
merasim
merdiven
mermi
mesafe
mesaj
mesele
meslek
meruluk
metal
metin
metodoloji
metre
metres
mevcudiyet
mevki
machinery
driver
commodity
information
dairy
morale
switching
logic
scenery
poem
yarn
desktop
mason
expenditure
expenses
infinitive
canteen
printer
mathematics
mahogany
metaphor
parliament
concept
mechanics
machine
correspondence
source
dissatisfaction
officer
source
hobby
ceremony
staircase
missile
interval
message
problem
profession
legitimacy
metal
text
methodology
metre
mistress
entity
location
mevzuat
meyhane
mezarlk
mezhep
midilli
mihrap
mihver
miktar
millet
milliyet
milliyetilik
mimar
minnettarlk
miras
miras
misafir
misafirperverlik
misal
misyon
mit
model
modl
moment
montaj
moral
motif
motivasyon
muafiyet
muayenehane
mcadele
mcevherat
mdr
mfetti
muhafaza
muhafz
muhalif
Muhasebe
muhasebecilik
mhimmat
muhit
mkemmellik
mlk
Multimedya
mnakaa
mrettebat
msamaha
regulations
pub
cemetery
cult
pony
altar
axis
quantum
nation
nationality
nationalism
architect
gratitude
heritage
heir
guest
hospitality
example
mission
myth
specimen
module
momentum
assembly
morale
motif
motivation
immunity
surgery
contention
jewellery
manager
supervisor
enclosure
keeper
opponent
accountancy
accountancy
ammunition
surroundings
perfection
estate
multimedia
argument
crew
tolerance
617
618
Indexes
mavir
mteri
mteahhit
mutfak
mutluluk
mvekkil
mze
mzisyen
nafaka
nakliye
nakliyeci
nalbant
nallamak
naylon
nazariye
nefes
nem
nesil
nesne
netice
nezaket
nicelik
nicem
nilfer
nine
nian
nispet
nitelik
nitrojen
nizam
nizamname
norm
nfus
numune
ocak
d
odaklama
deme
denek
dev
fke
e
olan
renci
renim
reti
adviser
client
contractor
kitchen
happiness
client
museum
musician
maintenance
shipping
carrier
smith
shoe
nylon
theory
breath
moisture
descent
thing
conclusion
kindness
quantity
quantum
lotus
grandmother
decoration
ratio
composition
nitrogen
statute
regulations
norm
population
specimen
cooker
bile
focusing
settlement
allocation
homework
irritation
element
boy
pupil
education
doctrine
retim
retmen
oul
t
oksijen
okuma
okur
okutman
okuyucu
olabilirlik
olanak
olanaklar
olaslk
olay
lme
lt
olgunluk
lm
mr
onama
onay
onaylama
nc
nder
nderlik
nem
nerge
neri
nerme
nleme
opera
operasyon
operatr
oran
org
organ
organizma
rge
rg
rgt
orkestra
rme
rnek
rnekseme
ortaklk
ortam
education
teacher
son
recommendation
oxygen
reading
reader
reader
reader
likelihood
possibility
resources
likelihood
event
measuring
canon
maturity
dissolution
life
approval
confirmation
validation
leader
leader
leadership
emphasis
proposal
proposal
thesis
prevention
opera
operation
operator
ratio
organ
organ
organism
motif
knitting
organism
orchestra
knitting
example
analogy
partnership
environment
Indexes
rmcek
otel
otomobil
otoyol
oturma
oturum
oymak
oyuk
oyun
oyuncu
z
zdelik
zetleme
ozon
zr
paket
pala
pansuman
pantolon
para
parametre
para
parlamento
parti
pasaport
patates
pay
pazarlama
pelerin
pencere
peni
penis
perde
personel
perspektif
pil
pislik
piyade
plan
planlama
plazma
polie
polimer
polis
politika
poplerlik
spider
hotel
car
motorway
residence
session
tribe
socket
device
player
nucleus
identity
compression
ozone
plea
packet
sword
dressing
trousers
funds
parameter
unit
parliament
batch
passport
potato
quantum
marketing
cape
window
penny
penis
membrane
personnel
perspective
cell
contamination
infantry
layout
planning
plasma
policy
polymer
copper
policy
popularity
portfy
portr
portre
posa
poz
prenses
priz
problem
prodktr
profesr
programlama
proje
projeksiyon
propaganda
prosedr
protokol
prototip
prova
psikolog
psikoloji
Rab
radar
raf
rahatszlk
rahibe
rakip
randevu
rapor
rastlant
reaksiyon
reaktr
realizm
reasrans
reete
reddetme
referandum
regresyon
rehabilitasyon
rejim
rekabet
reklam
reklm
reklamclk
rektr
repertuar
resim
portfolio
carrier
portrait
sediment
exposure
princess
socket
problem
producer
professor
programming
projection
projection
publicity
procedure
protocol
prototype
rehearsal
psychologist
psychology
lord
radar
shelf
unrest
sister
competitor
appointment
statement
accident
reaction
reactor
realism
reassurance
formula
refusal
referendum
regression
rehabilitation
regime
competition
publicity
advertisement
advertising
chancellor
repertoire
illustration
619
620
Indexes
resmiyet
ressam
restoran
ret
rezervasyon
rica
rza
Rnesans
rota
rotasyon
ruhbilim
ruhbilimci
rutubet
saadet
saat
sadakat
safha
saflk
safra
salamlatrma
salamlk
salk
sahip
ahsiyet
akak
sakatlk
saklama
salata
saldr
salg
salglama
salon
saltanat
saman
ampiyonluk
sanat
sanayi
sandk
sank
sansr
saplant
saptrma
saray
sarg
arkc
art
ceremony
painter
restaurant
refusal
booking
plea
compliance
renaissance
lane
rotation
psychology
psychologist
moisture
happiness
hour
loyalty
phase
innocence
bile
consolidation
stability
fitness
holder
personality
temple
disability
storage
salad
aggression
secretion
secretion
salon
sovereignty
hay
championship
profession
industry
chest
accused
censorship
obsession
diversion
palace
dressing
singer
reservation
artname
arma
aknlk
satc
sat
sav
sava
sava
savunma
savunmaszlk
savunucu
saygszlk
say
ebeke
sedir
ef
sefer
efkat
sektr
selamet
sembol
Seminer
semptom
semt
senaryo
senato
sendrom
sene
senet
sent
sentaks
sentez
sepet
sera
serbestlik
sergen
sergi
sergileme
erit
sertlik
servet
set
sevecenlik
sevgili
ey
seyahat
specification
astonishment
astonishment
vendor
disposal
thesis
warfare
fighter
defence
vulnerability
defender
contempt
basket
system
sofa
chef
navigation
kindness
sector
safety
symbol
seminar
symptom
neighbourhood
scenario
senate
syndrome
year
script
penny
syntax
synthesis
basket
greenhouse
independence
shelf
gallery
exhibition
ribbon
bitterness
assets
terrace
kindness
girl
thing
travelling
Indexes
seyyah
seyyar
sezi
iddet
snak
sr
srlar
sigorta
sigortalama
iir
iirler
ikyet
sknt
sktrma
sklk
silah
silgi
simetri
simge
simsar
sinema
snf
snflama
snflandrma
snr
snrlama
sinirlendirme
sra
irket
sirklasyon
sistem
siyaset
soba
sodyum
ofr
soan
sourma
sohbet
hret
soluk
solsyon
mine
somun
smrge
smrme
son
traveller
travelling
perception
violence
asylum
cattle
cattle
assurance
insurance
poetry
poetry
complaint
boredom
compression
frequency
weapon
cleaner
symmetry
symbol
broker
cinema
classroom
classification
classification
boundary
limitation
irritation
succession
society
circulation
regime
policy
stove
sodium
driver
onion
absorption
conversation
odour
breath
solution
fireplace
nut
colony
exploitation
conclusion
sonbahar
sonu
sr
sorgu
ort
sorumluluk
sorun
soruturma
sosis
sosyalizm
sosyete
sosyoloji
svg
soy
syleni
sylei
sz
szc
szdizim
szdizimi
szlk
speklasyon
spiker
stadyum
stajyer
stdyo
subay
ube
su
sulu
sululuk
susuzluk
sucuk
kran
sunak
sundurma
sunucu
supap
spermarket
phe
srdrme
sre
sreklilik
srme
src
srm
autumn
conclusion
sir
enquiry
shorts
commitment
problem
investigation
sausage
socialism
society
sociology
oath
descent
pronunciation
conversation
assurance
spokesman
syntax
syntax
dictionary
speculation
speaker
stadium
trainee
studio
officer
department
offence
offender
guilt
innocence
sausage
gratitude
altar
porch
server
valve
supermarket
uncertainty
continuation
interval
continuity
continuation
driver
version
621
622
Indexes
ss
ssleme
sspansiyon
sthane
uur
sveter
taahht
tabaka
tabanca
tabetme
tabiat
tabir
tahkikat
tahlilci
tahmin
tahrip
tahsil
tahsildar
takas
takm
takip
taksi
takviye
talihsizlik
talimat
tamamlama
tamlk
tan
tanm
tanma
tanmlama
tantc
tantm
tantma
Tanr
tapnak
tapnma
taraa
taraftar
tarife
tarihi
tarm
tartma
tas
tasa
ta
decoration
decoration
suspension
dairy
consciousness
sweater
commitment
sphere
heater
printing
kidney
expression
inquest
analyst
speculation
demolition
education
collector
clearing
unit
pursuit
cab
consolidation
disaster
instructions
perfection
accuracy
diagnosis
definition
acknowledgement
explanation
identifier
publicity
publicity
lord
temple
cult
terrace
supporter
tariff
historian
agriculture
argument
vessel
preoccupation
mason
tasfiye
tashih
tama
tat
tayc
tasnif
tasvip
tatbikat
tavan
tavr
tavsiye
tayfa
tayin
tayyare
tazminat
tazyik
tehizat
tecrit
tedavi
tedavl
tefsir
tefti
tehdit
tehlike
tekel
tekerrr
teklif
tekne
teknisyen
tekrar
tekrarlama
tekst
tekzip
tel
telaffuz
tela
televizyon
telve
tema
temdit
temel
temizleme
temizleyici
temizliki
temsil
temsilcilik
dissolution
revision
shipping
vehicle
carrier
classification
approval
operation
ceiling
attitude
recommendation
crew
appointment
aeroplane
damages
compression
equipment
isolation
therapy
circulation
interpretation
investigation
threat
danger
monopoly
recurrence
proposal
vessel
operator
repetition
repetition
text
denial
fibre
pronunciation
excitement
telly
sediment
theme
continuation
foundation
clearance
cleaner
cleaner
representation
representation
Indexes
teneffs
tenis
teori
tepe
tepki
tepkime
terapi
terapist
teras
terbiye
tercih
tercme
terfi
terminoloji
tertip
tesadf
tescil
teebbs
teekkr
teselli
tehir
tehis
tesis
tesisat
teyit
teyze
tez
tmar
tmarhane
tip
tp
tiraj
tiryakilik
tiyatro
tohum
tolerans
tophane
toplama
toplanma
toplant
toplayc
toplu
topluluk
toplum
toplumbilim
toplumculuk
recreation
tennis
theory
height
reaction
reaction
therapy
therapist
terrace
training
preference
version
advancement
terminology
composition
accident
registration
enterprise
acknowledgement
consolation
exposure
identification
works
installation
confirmation
aunt
thesis
manor
institution
norm
medicine
circulation
addiction
theatre
egg
tolerance
arsenal
concentration
concentration
assembly
collector
batch
society
society
sociology
socialism
toprak
trebilim
tren
tornac
torpido
tortu
trajedi
traktr
transformasyon
transkripsiyon
travma
tugay
tmevarm
tmr
tmsek
tnel
turba
turist
turizm
tutanak
tutarllk
tutku
tutma
tutsak
tutuklu
tutum
tuvalet
tzk
uak
uaklar
gen
cret
uurum
ura
ulam
ulama
lke
ulus
n
nite
unsur
ur
retici
retim
rn
uak
earth
ethics
ceremony
turner
egg
grounds
tragedy
tractor
transformation
transcription
trauma
brigade
induction
tumour
prominence
gallery
peat
tourist
tourism
protocol
consistency
ambition
repression
prisoner
prisoner
attitude
lavatory
constitution
aircraft
aircraft
triangle
payment
gulf
profession
category
accession
realm
commonwealth
prominence
unit
element
tumour
manufacturer
production
child
servant
623
624
Indexes
usandrma
slup
stnlk
utku
uyan
uyaran
uyarm
uyarlama
uyarma
uydurma
ye
yeler
yelik
uygulama
uygunluk
uyluk
uyma
uysallk
uyum
uyuma
uyumazlk
uzant
uzatma
uzlama
uzman
uzmanlk
uzuv
vade
vadi
vagon
vahiy
vaka
vakf
vakit
valf
valiz
vana
varis
var
varlk
Varlklar
varma
varo
varsaym
varyans
varyasyon
harassment
wording
lordship
victory
revival
stimulus
stimulation
version
stimulation
invention
member
membership
membership
enforcement
correspondence
thigh
compliance
flexibility
consistency
alliance
disagreement
extension
extension
settlement
student
expertise
member
maturity
valley
car
revelation
event
foundation
hour
valve
suitcase
valve
heir
arrival
entity
assets
arrival
outskirts
hypothesis
variance
variation
vasi
vasta
vekil
vektr
ventil
veranda
vergi
vergilendirme
veri
veriler
verim
versiyon
vesile
vezir
veznedar
villa
virs
vitrin
voltaj
vurgu
vurucu
yabanc
yadsma
yaknlk
yaknma
yakma
yalak
yalan
yalanlama
yaltm
yalnzlk
yalvarma
yama
yapa
yap
yapm
yapmc
yapt
yapma
yaprak
yapraklar
yaradl
yaratk
yardm
yardmc
yarg
administrator
means
vicar
vector
valve
porch
imposition
assessment
data
data
proceeds
version
means
queen
treasurer
villa
virus
window
voltage
emphasis
striker
outsider
denial
affinity
complaint
lighting
basin
invention
denial
insulation
loneliness
plea
brow
wool
construction
production
producer
production
fulfilment
sheet
foliage
creation
creature
assistance
supporter
judgement
Indexes
yarap
yarkre
yar
yarma
yarmac
yasa
yasak
yaam
yasama
yat
yatrm
yatrmc
yavru
yaygnlk
yaylma
yaymc
yaymclk
yayn
yazar
yazarlk
yaz
yazc
yazhane
yazlm
yazm
yazn
yazma
yazma
yazc
yeen
yemin
yenge
yenileme
yenilik
yer
yerleim
yerleme
yerletirme
yeryz
yetenek
yetersizlik
yetitirme
yetki
yetkililer
yn
ykm
radius
hemisphere
competitor
competition
competitor
law
prohibition
life
legislation
yacht
investment
investor
child
prevalence
expansion
editor
publishing
publication
writer
writing
writing
printer
bureau
software
spelling
literature
correspondence
writing
printer
nephew
oath
aunt
renewal
innovation
situation
layout
settlement
placement
earth
ability
disability
culture
clearance
authorities
collection
disaster
Yl
yineleme
younlama
younluk
yokluk
yoksunluk
yol
yolcu
ynetici
ynetmelik
ynetmen
yney
Ynlendirme
yntem
yntembilim
yontu
yordam
yre
yorum
ykleme
yklenici
ykseklik
ykselme
ykseltme
yumurta
yn
yunus
yrrlk
yrtme
yuva
yuvar
yzde
yzdelik
yzyl
zaaf
zafer
zahmet
zaman
zamanlama
zapt
zar
zenginlik
zevk
ziraat
zirve
ziyareti
year
repetition
concentration
concentration
absence
deprivation
outlet
passenger
manager
regulations
administrator
vector
orientation
methodology
methodology
statue
procedure
region
interpretation
charging
contractor
height
promotion
promotion
egg
wool
dolphin
operation
execution
socket
sphere
percent
percentage
century
disability
victory
pains
hour
timing
conquest
membrane
abundance
enjoyment
agriculture
summit
visitor
625
626
Indexes
constraint
violence
constraint
urgency
cruelty
category
zor
zorbalk
zorlama
zorunluluk
zulm
zmre
Nouns (English - Turkish)

ability
abolition
abortion
absence
absorption
abundance
academy
acceleration
acceptance
accession
accident
accountancy
accuracy
accused
acknowledgement
activation
activity
actress
addiction
adjustment
administrator
admission
advancement
advent
advertisement
advertising
adviser
aeroplane
affinity
agenda
aggression
agony
agreement
agriculture
iktidar
iptal
dk
eksiklik
emilme
bereket
akademi
ivme
kabul
artma
rastlant
muhasebecilik
ayar
sank
tanma
etkinletirme
etkinlik
aktris
tiryakilik
ayar
idareci
giri
ilerleme
gelme
reklam
reklamclk
danman
tayyare
ilgi
gndem
hcum
agoni
anlama
iftilik
aircraft
airfield
airport
album
alcohol
allegiance
alliance
allocation
alpha
altar
alteration
aluminium
ambassador
ambition
ambulance
amendment
ammunition
amusement
analogy
analyst
announcement
anthropology
antibody
apparatus
applicant
appointment
approval
archaeology
architect
are
arena
argument
aristocracy
armchair
arrival
arse
arsenal
article
assembly
assertion
assessment
asset
assets
assignment
assistance
assurance
asthma
astonishment
uak
havaalan
havaalan
albm
alkol
sadakat
dnrlk
ayrma
alfa
mihrap
deitirme
alminyum
bykeli
hrs
ambulans
deiiklik
cephane
elence
benzeim
analist
ilan
antropoloji
antikor
alet
aday
tayin
beenme
arkeoloji
mimar
ar
arena
delil
aristokrasi
koltuk
varma
gt
cephanelik
madde
evirme
iddia
vergi
mal
aktif
devir
destek
gvence
astm
arma
Indexes
asylum
atmosphere
attitude
attorney
attraction
aunt
authorities
autumn
avenue
aviation
axis
backing
baker
balcony
ballet
banker
bankruptcy
barrier
basin
basis
basket
batch
bathroom
beauty
behaviour
bible
bile
binoculars
biography
biology
biopsy
bitterness
bloke
booking
boredom
boundary
bourgeoisie
boy
brazil
breath
bride
brigade
brochure
broker
brother
brow
builder
barnak
hava
duru
avukat
ekicilik
hala
yetkililer
gz
cadde
havaclk
mihver
ciro
frnc
balkon
bale
banker
iflas
korkuluk
yalak
esas
say
grup
banyo
gzellik
davran
ncil
aksilik
drbn
biyografi
biyoloji
biyopsi
sertlik
adam
rezervasyon
sknt
hudut
burjuvazi
delikanl
Brezilya
esinti
gelin
tugay
bror
komisyoncu
birader
aln
inaat
bulletin
bureau
bureaucracy
burglary
buyer
cab
cabin
calcium
calf
camera
canon
canteen
cape
capitalism
car
carrier
cassette
casting
category
cattle
ceiling
cell
cellar
cemetery
censorship
century
ceremony
certainty
championship
chancellor
charging
chef
chemist
chest
child
chimney
cholesterol
cinema
circulation
clarity
classification
classroom
cleaner
clearance
clearing
client
clothes
blten
bro
brokrasi
hrszlk
mteri
taksi
kabin
kalsiyum
buza
kamera
kanun
kantin
pelerin
kapitalizm
araba
nakliyeci
kaset
dkme
blm
sr
tavan
hcre
kiler
kabristan
sansr
yzyl
tren
katiyet
ampiyonluk
babakan
ykleme
ef
eczac
gs
ocuk
baca
kolesterol
sinema
sirklasyon
aklk
snflama
derslik
temizleyici
temizleme
kliring
mvekkil
giysi
627
628
Indexes
collaboration
collection
collector
colony
colours
comedy
commander
commentary
commitment
committee
commodity
commonwealth
competition
competitor
complaint
complexity
compliance
composer
composition
comprehension
compression
concentration
concept
conception
conclusion
confederation
conference
confession
configuration
confirmation
confusion
congregation
conquest
consciousness
consistency
consolation
consolidation
consortium
constitution
constraint
construction
consultation
container
contamination
contempt
contention
contents
continuation
ibirlii
derlem
koleksiyoncu
koloni
bayrak
gldr
komutan
aklama
balant
komisyon
emtia
ulus
ekime
rakip
dert
karmaa
rza
besteci
kompozisyon
anlama
basn
younluk
mefhum
anlay
karar
birlik
grme
itiraf
konfigrasyon
dorulama
kargaa
cemaat
zapt
bilin
kvam
avunma
salamlatrma
konsorsiyum
anayasa
zor
anlam
konsltasyon
kap
bulatrma
ayp
sav
iindekiler
uzatma
continuity
contraction
contractor
contribution
controller
controversy
convenience
convention
conversation
conviction
cooker
cooper
cooperation
copper
coronary
corps
corpus
correlation
correspondence
cottage
council
county
coupon
courtyard
cousin
creation
creature
creditor
creed
crew
crisis
criterion
cruelty
cult
culture
customer
customs
dad
daddy
dairy
dale
damages
dame
danger
data
day
daylight
daytime
devamllk
bzlme
mteahhit
yaz
denetleyici
ihtilaf
elverililik
toplant
sylei
inan
frn
fc
destek
bakr
koroner
heyet
klliyat
korelasyon
mektuplama
kulbe
meclis
kontluk
kupon
avlu
kuzen
yaradl
yaratk
alacakl
inan
ekip
kriz
lt
gaddarlk
merak
kltr
mteri
gmrk
baba
baba
mandra
vadi
tazminat
kadn
tehlike
bilgi
gn
aydnlk
gndz
Indexes
dean
debt
debtor
deception
decoration
deer
defence
defender
definition
delegation
democrat
demolition
demonstration
denial
density
dentist
department
depot
depression
deprivation
depth
descent
desktop
destination
detection
detector
devaluation
development
device
diagnosis
diameter
diarrhoea
dictionary
dimension
dimensions
diplomacy
disability
disagreement
disaster
disbelief
disc
disclosure
disco
discovery
discussion
disk
disposal
dekan
bor
borlu
kandrma
dekorasyon
geyik
savunma
savunucu
tanm
delegasyon
demokrat
tahrip
gsteri
yadsma
sklk
dii
bakanlk
depo
depresyon
mahrumiyet
derinlik
inme
masast
hedef
bulma
bulucu
devalasyon
kalknma
plan
tan
ap
amel
szlk
boyut
ebat
diplomasi
ehliyetsizlik
anlamazlk
facia
gvensizlik
disk
ifa
disko
bulgu
grme
disk
dzen
dissatisfaction
dissolution
distinction
diversion
doctrine
documentation
doll
dollar
dolly
dolphin
domain
dominance
domination
door
drama
drawer
dressing
driver
earth
ecology
economics
economist
edition
editor
education
effectiveness
effort
egg
ego
electron
element
emergence
emperor
emphasis
employee
employer
enclosure
endorsement
enforcement
enjoyment
enquiry
enterprise
entity
entry
environment
enzyme
episode
doyumsuzluk
bozma
stnlk
elence
doktrin
belgeleme
bebek
dolar
bebek
yunus
alan
egemenlik
egemenlik
giri
drama
keideci
giydirme
makinist
arz
evrebilim
ekonomi
iktisat
yayn
bayazar
tahsil
etkililik
abalama
bomba
ego
elektron
eleman
belirme
imparator
nem
grevli
iveren
kapama
ciro
uygulama
haz
sorgu
teebbs
mevcudiyet
antre
evre
enzim
olay
629
630
Indexes
equality
equation
equipment
era
estate
ethics
evaluation
eve
event
evolutionary
example
exception
exchequer
excitement
exclusion
execution
exhibition
existence
expansion
expenditure
expenses
expertise
explanation
exploitation
exploration
exposure
expression
extension
extraction
faction
factory
familiarity
farmer
fascism
federation
feminism
fever
fibre
fiction
fifth
fighter
finding
fireplace
fisher
fitness
fittings
flexibility
flora
eitlik
eitlik
donat
devir
mlk
etik
deerlendirme
arife
olay
evrimsel
ders
istisna
hazine
tela
karma
icra
sergileme
hayat
genileme
gider
Masraflar
ekspertiz
aklama
iletme
aratrma
tehir
tabir
uzatma
ekme
ayrlk
fabrika
laubalilik
ifti
faizm
federasyon
feminizm
tela
lif
uydurma
beinci
kavgac
karar
ocak
balk
yetenek
tehizat
elastikiyet
flora
focusing
foliage
football
formula
forum
foundation
framework
frequency
fridge
frog
fulfilment
funding
funds
fusion
gallery
garage
gardener
gate
gene
geography
geology
girl
glasses
glucose
goalkeeper
grandfather
grandmother
gratitude
greenhouse
grid
grounds
guest
guilt
gulf
happiness
harassment
hardship
hardware
hay
heading
heater
heath
heaven
height
heir
helicopter
hemisphere
heritage
odaklama
yapraklar
futbol
forml
forum
vakf
at
frekans
buzdolab
kurbaa
yapma
fonlama
para
erime
dehliz
garaj
bahvan
kap
gen
corafya
jeoloji
kz
gzlk
glikoz
kaleci
bykbaba
anneanne
minnettarlk
limonluk
zgara
tortu
davetli
su
uurum
mutluluk
usandrma
cefa
donanm
saman
balk
stc
funda
cennet
ykseklik
varis
helikopter
yarkre
miras
Indexes
hierarchy
highway
hillside
historian
hobby
holder
holland
homework
hood
hospitality
hostility
hotel
hour
hunter
hut
hydrogen
hypothesis
identification
identifier
identity
ideology
ignorance
illustration
imagination
immunity
implementation
implication
imposition
impression
improvement
impulse
incentive
incidence
inclusion
income
indemnity
independence
indication
indicator
induction
industry
infantry
infinitive
information
infrastructure
injection
inn
hiyerari
otoyol
yama
tarihi
hobi
hamil
Hollanda
dev
kukuleta
konukseverlik
dmanlk
otel
zaman
avc
kulbe
hidrojen
hipotez
tanma
tantc
aynlk
ideoloji
cahillik
rnek
hayal
muafiyet
gerekletirme
bulatrma
aldatma
bask
gelime
drt
gd
isabet
kapsama
gelir
tazminat
bamszlk
gsterme
Belirte
tmevarm
sanayi
piyade
mastar
bilgi
altyap
enjeksiyon
han
innocence
innovation
inquest
insight
insistence
instability
installation
institution
instructions
instructor
insulation
insurance
intake
interaction
interpretation
interval
invasion
invention
investigation
investment
investor
involvement
iris
irritation
isolation
jealousy
jeans
jewellery
journalism
journalist
judgement
junction
jury
keeper
keyboard
khan
kidney
kindness
kingdom
kitchen
knee
knitting
lad
landing
lane
language
laser
gnahszlk
icat
tahkikat
kavrama
srar
kararszlk
kurma
kurulu
talimat
eitmen
izolasyon
sigorta
giri
etkileim
aklama
ara
akn
uydurma
inceleme
abluka
yatrmc
ilgi
iris
kzgnlk
yalnzlk
haset
blucin
kuyumculuk
gazetecilik
gazeteci
yarg
kavak
jri
bakc
klavye
han
huy
nezaket
alem
mutfak
diz
rme
delikanl
ini
kulvar
dil
lazer
631
632
Indexes
laughter
lavatory
law
lawn
lawyer
layout
leader
leadership
leaflet
leaving
lecturer
legend
legislation
legitimacy
lexicon
liability
librarian
library
lid
life
lighter
lighting
likelihood
limb
limestone
limitation
linguistics
liquidity
literature
litre
liver
livestock
location
loch
logic
logo
loneliness
lord
lordship
lorry
lotus
loyalty
luggage
machine
machinery
madam
magnitude
mahogany
glme
hela
yasa
imenlik
avukat
yerleim
nder
liderlik
bror
ayrlma
okutman
efsane
mevzuat
meruluk
szlk
sorumluluk
ktphaneci
ktphane
kapak
canllk
akmak
yakma
olaslk
aza
kalker
snrlama
dilbilim
likidite
edebiyat
litre
karacier
mal
Konum
gl
mantk
logo
yalnzlk
sahip
stnlk
kamyon
Lotus
sadakat
bagaj
makine
makineler
bayan
byklk
maun
maid
mainframe
maintenance
manager
manifesto
manipulation
manners
manor
mansion
manufacturer
mare
marker
marketing
marsh
mason
mathematics
maturity
me
means
measuring
meat
mechanics
mechanism
medal
media
medicine
member
membership
membrane
message
metal
metaphor
methodology
metre
miller
minutes
missile
mission
mistress
mixture
modification
module
moisture
momentum
monitoring
monopoly
month
mood
hizmeti
anabilgisayar
nafaka
ynetmen
bildiri
hile
terbiye
tmar
konak
fabrikatr
ksrak
damga
pazarlama
batak
duvarc
matematik
olgunluk
bana
alet
lme
et
mekanik
mekanizma
madalya
aralar
hekimlik
aza
yeler
perde
mesaj
maden
istiare
metodoloji
metre
deirmenci
tutanak
fze
elilik
bayan
karm
deitirme
birim
nem
devinirlik
dinleme
tekel
ay
hava
Indexes
morale
motif
motivation
motorway
movement
movie
multimedia
museum
musician
myth
nation
nationalism
nationality
navigation
neighbourhood
nephew
nitrogen
node
norm
notebook
nucleus
nursery
nut
nylon
oath
obedience
obsession
odour
offence
offender
officer
onion
opera
operation
operator
opponent
opportunity
orchestra
ordeal
organ
organism
orientation
outcome
outlet
outset
outsider
outskirts
maneviyat
motif
gd
otoyol
hareket
film
Multimedya
mze
algc
efsane
ulus
milliyetilik
milliyet
sefer
semt
yeen
azot
boum
norm
defter
ekirdek
fidanlk
somun
naylon
kfr
itaat
saplant
hret
saldr
sulu
memur
soan
opera
altrma
cerrah
aleyhtar
frsat
orkestra
ile
ara
organizma
Ynlendirme
son
k
balang
yabanc
varo
oven
owner
oxygen
ozone
packet
pains
painter
palace
parameter
parents
parliament
participant
partnership
passenger
passport
pavement
payment
peasant
peasantry
peat
penis
penny
pensioner
percent
percentage
perception
perfection
personality
personnel
perspective
petrol
phase
phenomenon
philosophy
photographer
photography
physics
piper
placement
planet
planning
plasma
player
plea
poem
poetry
policy
frn
sahip
oksijen
ozon
paket
zahmet
boyac
saray
parametre
ebeveyn
meclis
katlmc
ortaklk
yolcu
pasaport
kaldrm
cret
kyl
kyller
turba
kam
peni
emekli
yzde
komisyon
alg
kusursuzluk
kiilik
personel
grnm
benzin
aama
fenomen
felsefe
fotoraf
fotoraflk
fizik
gaydac
koyma
gezegen
planlama
plazma
oyuncu
yalvarma
iir
iir
polie
633
634
Indexes
polymer
pony
popularity
population
porch
pork
porter
portfolio
portrait
possibility
postcard
potato
prayer
preference
premises
preoccupation
preservation
presidency
president
prevalence
prevention
princess
printer
printing
prisoner
problem
procedure
proceeds
processing
processor
producer
product
production
profession
professor
programming
prohibition
projection
prominence
promotion
pronunciation
proposal
proprietor
protocol
prototype
provisions
psychologist
psychology
polimer
midilli
poplerlik
nfus
sundurma
domuz
hamal
portfy
portre
olabilirlik
kartpostal
patates
dua
tercih
arazi
kayg
koruma
bakanlk
rektr
yaygnlk
engelleme
prenses
basmc
bask
mahpus
mesele
prosedr
gelir
ilem
ilemci
prodktr
arpm
retim
beyan
profesr
programlama
yasak
atma
hret
terfi
telaffuz
teklif
sahip
protokol
prototip
erzak
ruhbilimci
ruhbilim
pub
publication
publicity
publisher
publishing
punishment
pupil
purchaser
pursuit
quantity
quantum
quarters
queen
quotation
racism
radar
radius
railway
ratio
rationale
reaction
reactor
reader
reading
realism
realm
reassurance
rebellion
receiver
recession
recipe
recommendation
recreation
recurrence
referendum
refusal
regime
region
registration
regression
regulations
rehabilitation
rehearsal
rejection
relationship
reliability
religion
reluctance
bar
yayn
tantm
yaymc
yaymclk
ceza
gzbebei
alc
kovalama
miktar
nicem
kla
dam
iktibas
rklk
radar
yarap
demiryolu
nispet
gereke
reaksiyon
reaktr
dzeltmen
okuma
gerekilik
alan
reasrans
ayaklanma
alma
d
zm
tavsiye
teneffs
tekerrr
referandum
reddetme
rejim
blge
kaydetme
gerileme
mevzuat
rehabilitasyon
prova
ret
akrabalk
gvenilirlik
din
gnlszlk
Indexes
remainder
renaissance
renewal
repertoire
repetition
representation
repression
requirement
resemblance
reservation
reservoir
residence
resolution
resources
restaurant
retirement
revelation
revenue
revision
revival
ribbon
rosemary
rotation
rover
rules
safety
salad
salary
salon
saloon
sanctuary
sausage
scenario
scenery
scholar
scientist
script
secretion
sector
sediment
seller
seminar
senate
sensitivity
sergeant
servant
server
artk
Rnesans
yenileme
repertuar
tekrar
gsterim
tutma
ihtiya
benzerlik
rezervasyon
depo
ev
teklif
kaynaklar
lokanta
emeklilik
vahiy
gelir
tashih
uyan
kurdela
biberiye
dnme
avare
tzk
emniyet
salata
aylk
salon
bar
barnak
sucuk
senaryo
manzara
bilgin
bilgin
senet
salglama
blge
tortu
bayi
Seminer
senato
duyarlk
avu
hizmeti
sunucu
session
setting
settlement
severity
sexuality
shareholder
sheep
sheet
shelf
shipping
shirt
shoe
shortage
shorts
significance
similarity
singer
sir
sister
situation
ski
smith
soccer
socialism
society
sociology
socket
sodium
sofa
software
soldier
solicitor
solution
son
source
sovereignty
speaker
specification
specimen
speculation
spelling
sphere
spider
spokesman
sponsorship
squadron
stability
celse
ayar
ev
nem
cinsellik
hissedar
koyun
araf
sergen
nakliye
gmlek
ayakkab
ak
ort
nem
benzerlik
arkc
bay
hastabakc
durum
kayak
demirci
ayaktopu
sosyalizm
dernek
sosyoloji
priz
sodyum
kanepe
yazlm
asker
avukat
are
oul
kaynak
bamszlk
szc
belirtme
gstermelik
speklasyon
heceleme
tabaka
rmcek
szc
destek
filo
istikrar
635
636
Indexes
stadium
staircase
stairs
stance
statement
statistics
statue
statute
steward
stimulation
stimulus
storage
stove
striker
student
studio
submission
success
succession
successor
suitcase
summit
sunset
supermarket
supervisor
supplier
supporter
surgeon
surgery
surroundings
surveyor
suspension
sweater
switching
sword
symbol
symmetry
symptom
syndrome
syntax
synthesis
system
tariff
taxation
teacher
television
telly
temple
stadyum
merdiven
merdiven
duru
bildiri
istatistik
heykel
nizam
kamarot
uyarm
uyaran
ambar
frn
vurucu
uzman
atlye
itaat
baar
sra
halef
anta
doruk
gnbatm
spermarket
mfetti
satc
arka
cerrah
muayenehane
evre
bilirkii
asma
kazak
anahtarlama
kl
sembol
simetri
araz
sendrom
szdizim
sentez
dizge
tarife
vergi
hoca
televizyon
televizyon
tapnak
tennis
termination
terminology
terrace
terrain
territory
text
theatre
theme
theory
therapist
therapy
thesis
thickness
thigh
thing
threat
threshold
timetable
timing
toilet
tolerance
topic
tourism
tourist
tractor
tradition
tragedy
trainee
training
transaction
transcription
transformation
transition
trauma
traveller
travelling
treasurer
treasury
triangle
tribe
tribunal
trousers
tumour
turner
uncertainty
uncle
unemployment
tenis
son
terminoloji
set
arazi
toprak
tekst
tiyatro
konu
kuram
terapist
terapi
nerme
kalnlk
but
madde
gzda
balang
tarife
zamanlama
hela
dayanma
konu
turizm
turist
traktr
gelenek
facia
stajyer
idman
hareket
transkripsiyon
dnm
gei
travma
seyyah
gezici
veznedar
hazine
gen
airet
mahkeme
pantolon
tmr
tornac
phe
amca
isizlik
Indexes
unification
unit
unity
universe
unrest
urgency
us
utterance
vale
validation
validity
valley
valve
variance
variation
vat
vector
vegetation
vehicle
vendor
ventilation
verb
verdict
version
vessel
vicar
vicinity
victim
victor
victory
villa
violence
virus
visitor
voltage
vulnerability
waiter
wallet
warfare
weapon
week
width
willingness
window
wool
wording
worker
birleme
nite
birlik
alem
huzursuzluk
kanlmazlk
bize
ifade
vadi
onaylama
geerlilik
dere
supap
deiiklik
deiim
f
vektr
tmr
ara
satc
havalandrma
fiil
karar
yorum
kap
vekil
evre
kurban
fatih
galibiyet
kk
zorlama
virs
ziyareti
gerilim
savunmaszlk
garson
czdan
sava
silah
hafta
genilik
gnlllk
cam
yapa
slup
ii
works
workshop
writer
writing
yacht
yarn
year
youngster
637
fabrika
atlye
yazar
yazarlk
yat
iplik
sene
gen
Adverbs (Turkish - English)

aka
alenen
ancak
asla
aslnda
aynen
ayrca
balangta
balca
bazen
belki
bilhassa
biraz
birazdan
birdenbire
bizzat
cidden
ounlukla
ok
da
dahi
de
evvelce
fazla
genellikle
gerekten
hafif
hafife
hakkyla
halen
hi
obviously
publicly
scarcely
never
basically
exactly
too
initially
primarily
occasionally
possibly
expressly
slightly
presently
abruptly
personally
seriously
mostly
too
too
too
too
previously
too
usually
actually
lightly
slightly
duly
currently
never
638
Indexes
itenlikle
inallah
katiyen
kazara
kesinlikle
keza
kibarca
kolayca
kolaylkla
maalesef
muhtemelen
nasl
nazike
ne
nezaketle
nispeten
olduka
nce
nceden
zdevimli
zellikle
resmen
ahsen
sessizce
imdi
phesiz
tam
tamam
tamamen
tesadfen
umutla
sincerely
hopefully
never
accidentally
definitely
too
politely
easily
easily
unfortunately
easily
how
gently
how
politely
relatively
relatively
firstly
previously
automatically
expressly
officially
personally
silently
presently
easily
exactly
exactly
exactly
accidentally
hopefully
distinctly
duly
easily
evidently
exactly
expressly
firstly
gently
highly
hopefully
how
initially
lightly
mostly
never
obviously
occasionally
officially
openly
originally
personally
politely
possibly
presently
previously
primarily
publicly
relatively
scarcely
seriously
silently
sincerely
slightly
too
unfortunately
usually
aka
hakkyla
kolayca
aka
tamamen
aka
nce
nazike
ok
inallah
ne
balangta
hafif
ounlukla
hi
aka
bazen
resmen
aka
aslnda
ahsen
kibarca
belki
birazdan
evvelce
balca
alenen
olduka
ancak
cidden
sessizce
itenlikle
hafife
keza
maalesef
genellikle
Adverbs (English - Turkish)

abruptly
accidentally
actually
automatically
basically
clearly
currently
definitely
birdenbire
kazara
aslnda
zdevimli
aslnda
aka
halen
kesinlikle
Adjectives (Turkish - English)

acayip
acele
ak
ackl
peculiar
hurried
overt
pathetic
Indexes
acil
acmasz
aciz
adaleli
adi
adli
adsz
affedersiniz
akll
aklsz
akraba
alakadar
alakal
alakgnll
aldrsz
alngan
altn
amasz
amansz
ameli
anal
analitik
anlaml
anlamsz
anlalr
anonim
anormal
aptal
ardk
arzal
artistik
aalk
aikr
asl
ar
asma
atlgan
atmosferik
atomik
ayran
aynen
ayn
ayrntl
az
azametli
bak
immediate
ruthless
unable
muscular
cheap
judicial
anonymous
sorry
sensible
unreasonable
related
interested
interested
modest
indifferent
sensitive
golden
pointless
ruthless
practical
anal
analytical
meaningful
meaningless
understandable
anonymous
abnormal
dumb
consecutive
defective
artistic
wicked
evident
suspended
unreasonable
suspended
aggressive
atmospheric
atomic
selective
verbal
same
detailed
few
proud
immune
bal
bahtsz
bar
baarsz
basit
baka
balang
basmakalp
baya
baygn
becerikli
beceriksiz
bedbaht
belirgin
belirli
belirsiz
belli
bencil
benzer
benzersiz
berbat
bereketli
besbelli
biimsiz
bilgili
bilgisiz
bilimsel
bilinli
bilinsiz
bilinen
biricik
birikimli
birikmi
birimsel
biyolojik
bol
blgesel
bo
bozuk
brokratik
byk
byleyici
byl
buzlu
cahil
alkan
connected
unfortunate
pacific
unfortunate
straightforward
different
elementary
conventional
cheap
unconscious
practical
awkward
unhappy
evident
certain
doubtful
certain
selfish
analogous
unique
terrible
productive
evident
ugly
informed
ignorant
scientific
aware
unconscious
known
unique
cumulative
cumulative
modular
biological
ample
regional
meaningless
defective
bureaucratic
ample
glamorous
magical
icy
ignorant
energetic
639
640
Indexes
canl
cazibeli
ekici
ekilmez
ekilmi
cerrahi
eitli
ift
cinsel
plak
irkin
izgisel
corafi
ok
cmert
zmlemeli
zmsel
dahili
damal
dayankl
dayanlmaz
deerli
deersiz
deiik
deimez
dehetli
deli
demokratik
deneme
deneyimli
deneysel
dengeli
devirli
dilbilimsel
dilsiz
din
dini
direnli
diri
d
darda
doru
dorusal
dokunakl
dokuzuncu
dolu
alive
charming
appealing
intolerable
drawn
surgical
varied
dual
sexual
naked
ugly
linear
geographical
numerous
handsome
analytical
analytical
inner
checked
substantial
intolerable
costly
cheap
varied
settled
fearful
daft
democratic
tentative
experienced
experimental
balanced
periodic
linguistic
dumb
youthful
ecclesiastical
resistant
alive
foreign
outdoor
honest
linear
pathetic
ninth
loaded
donmu
dvlm
doyurucu
drst
dmanca
duyarl
duygulu
duygusal
ebedi
edebi
edilgen
edimsiz
eitilmi
elenceli
egoist
egzotik
ehliyetsiz
ekinsel
ekonomik
eksik
elektrik
elektrikli
elektriksel
elektronik
elverili
elverisiz
emin
emniyetli
endieli
endstriyel
enerjik
enfes
engin
esas
eski
esnek
esrarengiz
esiz
etkilenmemi
etkileimli
etkisiz
etnik
etrafl
evlenmemi
evli
evrensel
frozen
beaten
satisfying
honest
hostile
sensitive
emotional
sentimental
eternal
literary
passive
virtual
trained
enjoyable
selfish
exotic
inefficient
cultural
economic
inadequate
electrical
electrical
electrical
electronic
practical
unsuitable
certain
reliable
fearful
industrial
energetic
superb
vast
intrinsic
old
flexible
mysterious
unique
unaffected
interactive
inefficient
ethnic
comprehensive
unmarried
married
global
Indexes
faal
fahi
farknda
farkl
farksz
faydal
feci
feodal
ferah
fevkalade
finansal
frtnal
fizyolojik
fonksiyonel
garip
Geerli
geersiz
geici
geleneksel
gen
genel
geni
geniletilmi
geometrik
gerek
gereki
gerekli
gereksiz
giriken
gizemli
gizli
global
gnlsz
grgl
gl
gncel
grltc
grltl
gururlu
gvenilir
gzel
haberdar
hain
haksz
hantal
harika
energetic
unreasonable
alive
different
indifferent
beneficial
tragic
feudal
spacious
remarkable
financial
ugly
physiological
functional
odd
valid
illegal
tentative
conventional
youthful
global
ample
expanded
geometric
intrinsic
realistic
required
redundant
aggressive
mystical
inner
global
reluctant
experienced
energetic
up-to-date
noisy
noisy
arrogant
tried
pleasant
informed
wicked
unfair
awkward
gorgeous
hassas
hatal
hatrlatan
hatrlayan
hayali
hayatta
hayrl
hayrsever
hazr
hazrlkl
Hemen
hevesli
heybetli
heyecanl
Hi
hibiri
hiddetli
hileli
hnzr
hissedilir
hissi
hiyerarik
ho
honut
hukuki
huysuz
huzursuz
i
ili
isel
idari
iren
ihtiyar
ikili
ikincisi
iktisadi
ilgili
ilgin
ilgisiz
ilk
ilkel
illegal
ilmi
imzasz
ince
insafsz
delicate
incorrect
reminiscent
reminiscent
imaginary
alive
beneficial
charitable
prepared
prepared
immediate
responsive
tremendous
emotional
none
none
angry
unfair
wicked
sensible
sentimental
hierarchical
enjoyable
glad
judicial
vicious
uneasy
internal
sentimental
inherent
managerial
disgusting
old
dual
latter
economic
related
interesting
indifferent
elementary
elementary
illegal
scientific
anonymous
fragile
ruthless
641
642
Indexes
irrasyonel
sl
isimsiz
ilevsel
istekli
isteksiz
istenmeyen
istisnai
iyimser
kaba
kabahatli
kabiliyetli
kaamakl
kak
kalifiye
kalitesiz
kanuni
kanunsuz
kapsaml
karanlk
kareli
krl
karlkl
kastsz
kasti
kasvetli
kavgac
kavramsal
kayalk
kaygl
kaytl
kaytsz
kazanl
kederli
kentsel
kesin
keyfi
keyifli
kibar
kibirli
kilitli
krlgan
kirli
krsal
kiisel
kstl
irrational
thermal
anonymous
functional
prepared
reluctant
undesirable
exceptional
optimistic
brutal
guilty
intelligent
elusive
daft
qualified
cheap
statutory
illegal
comprehensive
gloomy
checked
beneficial
mutual
unconscious
conscious
bleak
aggressive
conceptual
rocky
fearful
registered
indifferent
profitable
unhappy
urban
certain
arbitrary
cheerful
polite
arrogant
locked
fragile
filthy
rural
personal
qualified
kskan
kzgn
klinik
kocaman
konvansiyonel
korkak
korkun
kt
kk
kullanlm
kullanl
kullansz
kltrel
kumlu
kresel
kukulu
kstah
ksur
kusurlu
kutsal
kuvvetli
lehte
leziz
lezzetli
lo
lks
lzumsuz
maalesef
marur
mahsus
makul
mali
manevi
mantkl
mantksz
manyetik
marjinal
masrafl
mecburi
medeni
memnun
merakl
merhametsiz
megul
mehur
mesleki
jealous
angry
clinical
enormous
conventional
fearful
fearful
vicious
petty
used
practical
awkward
cultural
sandy
global
doubtful
arrogant
odd
faulty
spiritual
intense
favourable
delicious
delicious
gloomy
luxurious
unnecessary
sorry
proud
peculiar
reasonable
financial
spiritual
valid
unreasonable
magnetic
marginal
expensive
forced
civil
glad
curious
ruthless
engaged
famous
occupational
Indexes
meru
mevsimsiz
mimari
moda
modler
muaf
muazzam
mbarek
muhakkak
muhtemel
muhteem
mkemmel
mmkn
mterek
mstesna
muteber
mthi
mutsuz
muzip
muzr
mzmin
nadir
namuslu
narin
nazik
nefis
nemli
neeli
nicel
nianl
nispi
nitelikli
nkleer
denebilir
denecek
denmemi
denmi
fkeli
olabilir
olaand
olaanst
olanakl
olanaksz
olas
ldrc
olgun
valid
premature
architectural
fashionable
modular
immune
enormous
holy
certain
probable
gorgeous
elegant
possible
mutual
exceptional
valid
fearful
unhappy
wicked
harmful
confirmed
unusual
respectable
fragile
civil
delicious
moist
cheerful
quantitative
engaged
proportional
qualified
nuclear
payable
payable
outstanding
settled
angry
possible
abnormal
remarkable
possible
unable
possible
fatal
ripe
olmu
lmcl
olumlu
nad
onayl
nceki
nemli
nemsiz
onurlu
opsiyonlu
orantl
ortak
ortodoks
rtk
zel
zg
zl
znel
pahal
paketlenmi
paralel
parasal
parlak
pasif
patrtl
periyodik
pis
pikin
piman
politik
popler
pragmatik
pratik
prematre
psikiyatrik
psikolojik
rahatsz
rasyonel
realist
renkli
riskli
ritmik
rizikolu
ruhani
ruhsal
rutubetli
ripe
fatal
favourable
adjective
approved
old
substantial
petty
proud
optional
proportional
mutual
orthodox
implied
personal
peculiar
substantial
subjective
expensive
packed
analogous
monetary
gorgeous
passive
noisy
periodic
filthy
old
sorry
political
popular
pragmatic
practical
premature
psychiatric
psychological
uneasy
rational
realistic
colourful
risky
rhythmic
risky
spiritual
spiritual
moist
643
644
Indexes
sabrsz
sabit
sama
sade
saf
sa
salam
ahane
ahsi
sahte
airane
sakar
sakat
saldrgan
sanal
anssz
sarho
artl
artc
saygdeer
saygn
saysz
seici
seimli
sekin
semeli
efkatli
seksi
seksel
en
seninki
sert
sesli
sessiz
sevimli
sevinli
seyrek
iddetli
sfat
iirsel
k
skc
skntl
imdiki
simultane
snrl
impatient
settled
irrational
stark
naive
alive
substantial
tremendous
personal
artificial
poetic
awkward
defective
aggressive
virtual
unhappy
loaded
qualified
astonishing
respectable
respectable
countless
selective
optional
outstanding
optional
charitable
sexy
sexual
cheerful
yours
rigorous
vocal
dumb
charming
glad
rare
brutal
adjective
poetic
elegant
gloomy
uneasy
immediate
simultaneous
limited
snrsz
psevdi
irin
sivil
siyasal
siyasi
sizinki
souk
son
sonraki
sonsuz
sorumlu
szde
szdizimsel
szl
sulu
suni
pheci
phelenen
pheli
phesiz
sssz
uursuz
szgn
taahhtl
tahammlsz
Tahmini
tahsilli
tahta
takma
taktik
talihsiz
tam
tanmlayc
tannm
tarihi
tarihsel
tarmsal
tatl
tatsz
taze
tecrbe
tecrbeli
tedirgin
tehlikeli
tek
infinite
susceptible
pleasant
civil
political
political
yours
frozen
latter
latter
eternal
liable
supposed
syntactic
verbal
guilty
artificial
suspicious
suspicious
suspicious
certain
stark
unconscious
drawn
registered
impatient
estimated
informed
wooden
artificial
tactical
unfortunate
thorough
descriptive
distinguished
historic
historical
agricultural
pleasant
ugly
youthful
tentative
experienced
uneasy
risky
odd
Indexes
teknolojik
telal
temel
tercihli
termal
termik
ters
tesadfi
tescilli
tesirsiz
tiksindirici
tinsel
toplanm
toplumsal
trajik
tuhaf
trl
tutarl
tutuk
tzel
ucuz
ucuza
mitsiz
umutsuz
nl
unutulmaz
retken
rkek
ussal
usta
stnkr
uyank
uygar
uygulamal
uygun
uygunsuz
uzak
uzamsal
uzatlm
uzaysal
zgn
zgnm
uzun
vahi
vakitsiz
vasat
technological
hurried
elementary
preferred
thermal
thermal
ugly
accidental
registered
inefficient
disgusting
spiritual
collected
communal
tragic
bizarre
varied
coherent
uneasy
corporate
cheap
cheap
hopeless
hopeless
famous
memorable
productive
fearful
rational
intelligent
superficial
conscious
civil
practical
adequate
unsuitable
remote
spatial
extensive
spatial
sorry
sorry
tall
brutal
premature
indifferent
vasfl
verimli
verimsiz
vokal
yabanc
yakn
yakkl
yalanc
yaln
yanl
yapay
yapc
yapsal
yapkan
yapma
yapmack
yapmacksz
yaral
yaramaz
yararl
yararsz
yaratc
yardmsever
yarmyamalak
yasad
yasak
yasaklanm
yasal
yaayan
yal
yerleik
yerli
yersiz
yetenekli
yeterli
yetersiz
ykc
yirminci
yolsuz
ynetimsel
ykl
yksek
ykml
yzeysel
zahmetsiz
zararl
skilled
productive
inefficient
vocal
foreign
immediate
handsome
artificial
naked
incorrect
artificial
constructive
structural
sticky
artificial
artificial
unaffected
injured
naughty
beneficial
pointless
productive
charitable
superficial
illegal
forbidden
forbidden
statutory
alive
old
settled
indigenous
irrelevant
intelligent
satisfactory
inefficient
destructive
twentieth
unlawful
managerial
loaded
tall
liable
superficial
cheap
destructive
645
646
Indexes
elegant
toxic
intelligent
enjoyable
mental
sticky
forced
formidable
forced
zarif
zehirli
zeki
zevkli
zihinsel
zor
zoraki
zorlu
zorunlu
Adjectives (English - Turkish)

abnormal
accidental
adequate
adjective
aged
aggressive
agricultural
alive
amazing
ample
anal
analogous
analytical
angry
anonymous
appealing
approved
arbitrary
architectural
arrogant
artificial
artistic
astonishing
atmospheric
atomic
aware
awkward
balanced
beaten
beneficial
biological
olaand
tesadfi
elverili
nad
ihtiyar
saldrgan
tarmsal
diri
artc
bol
anal
paralel
analitik
frtnal
isimsiz
ekici
onayl
keyfi
mimari
gururlu
yapmack
artistik
artc
atmosferik
atomik
bilinli
beceriksiz
dengeli
dvlm
hayrl
biyolojik
bizarre
bleak
brutal
bureaucratic
casual
certain
charged
charitable
charming
cheap
checked
cheerful
civil
clinical
coherent
collected
coloured
colourful
communal
comprehensive
compulsory
conceptual
confirmed
connected
conscious
consecutive
considerable
constructive
conventional
corporate
costly
countless
cultural
cumulative
curious
daft
defective
delicate
delicious
delightful
democratic
depressing
descriptive
destructive
detailed
different
disastrous
disgusting
acayip
kasvetli
iddetli
brokratik
tesadfi
belirli
ykl
hayrsever
byleyici
adi
damal
istekli
kibar
klinik
tutarl
toplanm
renkli
renkli
toplumsal
etrafl
mecburi
kavramsal
mzmin
ilgili
uyank
ardk
nemli
yapc
basmakalp
tzel
pahal
saysz
kltrel
birikimli
acayip
deli
kusurlu
hassas
ho
ho
demokratik
ackl
tanmlayc
zararl
ayrntl
baka
feci
berbat
Indexes
distinguished
doubtful
drastic
drawn
dreadful
dual
dubious
dumb
ecclesiastical
economic
electrical
electronic
elegant
elementary
elusive
emotional
endless
energetic
engaged
enjoyable
enormous
estimated
eternal
ethnic
evident
exceptional
exotic
expanded
expensive
experienced
experimental
explicit
extended
extensive
extraordinary
famous
fashionable
fatal
faulty
favourable
fearful
feudal
few
filthy
financial
flexible
forbidden
tannm
belirsiz
iddetli
ekilmi
berbat
ift
belirsiz
aptal
dini
ekonomik
elektrik
elektronik
mkemmel
temel
kaamakl
duygulu
sonsuz
kuvvetli
megul
elenceli
kocaman
Tahmini
ebedi
etnik
besbelli
mstesna
egzotik
geniletilmi
masrafl
deneyimli
deneysel
aikr
geniletilmi
geni
fevkalade
mehur
moda
lmcl
kusurlu
elverili
rkek
feodal
az
kirli
finansal
esnek
yasak
forced
foreign
formidable
fragile
frozen
functional
geographical
geometric
glad
glamorous
global
gloomy
golden
gorgeous
grim
guilty
handsome
harmful
hierarchical
historic
historical
holy
honest
honourable
hopeless
hostile
huge
hurried
icy
ignorant
illegal
imaginary
imaginative
immediate
immune
impatient
implicit
implied
inadequate
incorporated
incorrect
indifferent
indigenous
industrial
inefficient
infinite
informed
mecburi
d
korkun
ince
donmu
fonksiyonel
corafi
geometrik
memnun
byleyici
evrensel
skc
altn
harika
acmasz
kabahatli
bol
zararl
hiyerarik
tarihi
tarihi
kutsal
doru
onurlu
umutsuz
dmanca
kocaman
acele
buzlu
bilgisiz
kanunsuz
sanal
yaratc
acil
bak
sabrsz
rtk
rtk
eksik
anonim
hatal
vasat
yerli
endstriyel
ehliyetsiz
snrsz
bilgili
647
648
Indexes
inherent
injured
inland
inner
insufficient
intelligent
intense
interactive
interested
interesting
internal
intolerable
intrinsic
inviting
involved
irrational
irrelevant
jealous
judicial
known
latent
latter
liable
limited
linear
linguistic
literary
loaded
locked
luxurious
magical
magnetic
managerial
marginal
married
marvellous
mathematical
meaningful
meaningless
memorable
mental
modest
modular
moist
monetary
muscular
mutual
mysterious
isel
yaral
i
gizli
eksik
kabiliyetli
kuvvetli
etkileimli
merakl
ilgin
dahili
ekilmez
esas
ekici
ilgili
irrasyonel
ilgisiz
kskan
adli
bilinen
gizli
son
sorumlu
kstl
izgisel
dilbilimsel
edebi
dolu
kilitli
lks
byl
ekici
idari
marjinal
evli
fevkalade
kesin
anlaml
anlamsz
unutulmaz
zihinsel
alakgnll
birimsel
nemli
parasal
adaleli
karlkl
esrarengiz
mystical
naive
naked
naughty
ninth
noisy
none
nuclear
numerous
occupational
odd
old
optimistic
optional
orthodox
outdoor
outstanding
overt
pacific
packed
passive
pathetic
payable
peculiar
periodic
personal
petty
physiological
pleasant
poetic
pointless
polite
political
popular
possible
practical
pragmatic
preferred
premature
prepared
probable
productive
profitable
proportional
proud
psychiatric
psychological
qualified
gizemli
saf
plak
yaramaz
dokuzuncu
grltc
Hi
nkleer
ok
mesleki
acayip
eski
iyimser
opsiyonlu
ortodoks
darda
denmemi
ak
bar
paketlenmi
edilgen
dokunakl
denebilir
acayip
devirli
kiisel
nemsiz
fizyolojik
gzel
airane
amasz
kibar
politik
popler
mmkn
ameli
pragmatik
tercihli
prematre
hazr
muhtemel
yaratc
yararl
nispi
azametli
psikiyatrik
psikolojik
kstl
Indexes
quantitative
rare
rational
realistic
reasonable
redundant
regional
registered
related
reliable
reluctant
remarkable
reminiscent
remote
required
resistant
respectable
responsive
rhythmic
rigorous
ripe
risky
rocky
rural
ruthless
same
sandy
satisfactory
satisfying
scientific
selective
selfish
sensible
sensitive
sentimental
settled
sexual
sexy
simultaneous
skilled
sorry
spacious
spatial
spiritual
stark
statutory
sticky
nicel
nadir
makul
realist
akll
gereksiz
blgesel
kaytl
akraba
emniyetli
isteksiz
olaanst
hatrlatan
uzak
gerekli
direnli
namuslu
hassas
ritmik
sert
hazr
riskli
kayalk
krsal
merhametsiz
ayn
kumlu
yeterli
doyurucu
bilimsel
ayran
bencil
akll
alngan
duygusal
yerleik
cinsel
seksi
simultane
becerikli
piman
ferah
uzamsal
kutsal
tam
yasal
yapkan
straightforward
structural
structured
subjective
substantial
superb
superficial
supposed
surgical
susceptible
suspended
suspicious
syntactic
tactical
talented
tall
technological
tentative
terrible
terrific
thermal
thorough
toxic
traditional
tragic
trained
tremendous
tried
trivial
twentieth
ugly
unable
unaffected
uncommon
unconscious
understandable
undesirable
uneasy
unfair
unfamiliar
unfortunate
unhappy
unique
unlawful
unlimited
unmarried
unnecessary
ak
yapsal
yapsal
znel
byk
enfes
stnkr
szde
cerrahi
psevdi
asma
kukulu
szdizimsel
taktik
yetenekli
uzun
teknolojik
deneme
berbat
korkun
sl
tam
zehirli
geleneksel
korkun
eitilmi
heybetli
gvenilir
nemsiz
yirminci
huysuz
aciz
etkilenmemi
nadir
baygn
anlalr
istenmeyen
endieli
haksz
yabanc
anssz
kederli
benzersiz
kanunsuz
snrsz
evlenmemi
gereksiz
649
650
Indexes
unreasonable
unsuitable
unusual
up-to-date
urban
used
useful
valid
varied
vast
verbal
vicious
virtual
vivid
vocal
wicked
wooden
yours
youthful
aklsz
elverisiz
nadir
gncel
kentsel
eski
faydal
Geerli
farkl
ok
aynen
bozuk
sanal
canl
vokal
aalk
tahta
seninki
taze

Türkçe - İngilizce Eşanlamlı Sözlük PDF

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Websters

Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

INDEX OF ENGLISH SUBJECTS TO TURKISH SUBJECTS ............................ 525

VOCABULARY STUDY LISTS .................................................................... 601

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

antonyms (adj) crowded, meaningful, packed,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

acemi 1. inexperienced; synonyms (adj) immature,

damage, passion, endurance, penance, privation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

candidly, aboveboard, bluntly, directly, honestly,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

construction, clarification, illustration, interpreting,

synonyms (adj) calamitous, disastrous, dreadful,

(bytmek, genilemek, geniletmek);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale,

actmak hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict,

3. expand (bytmek, genilemek,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

ad 1. name (isim); synonyms (n) call, title, epithet,

adama dedication; synonyms (n) consecration,

address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize, describe,

allegiance, commitment, devotion, inscription,

(numara, numaralamak, rakam, say,

adeta 1. almost (hemen hemen, neredeyse);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

proceeding, 2. pace; synonyms (n) rate, rapidity,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

remission, reprieve, (v) forgive, spare, absolution,

inert, drowsy, inactive, shiftless, faineant, remiss,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

alama cry (alamak, barmak, feryat);

ahbap 1. friend (arkada, dost); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

akalamak drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,

(v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj)

channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed,

middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

discernment, insight, learning, depth, judgment,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

movement, (prep) tide; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past,

stream (akm); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness,

aksiyon share (hisse, hisse senedi, pay,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Akvaryum aquarium; synonyms (n) vivarium, (v)

compass (pusula); synonyms (n) circle,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

close, dirty, (n) average, cheap; antonyms (adj)

aldrmamak ignore; synonyms (v) fail, neglect, cut,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

prepare, fix, willing, (n) available, dexterous, eager;

alglamak sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

2. customary; synonyms (adj) usual,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

barter, 2. traffic (trafik); synonyms (n) dealing,

almak 1. get (elde etmek, olmak, varmak);