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Tuesday,October18,2016

How it works: DS18B20 and Arduino

bySimonTushev / Monday,05August2013 / PublishedinArduino

There are many Arduino sketches on

theWebthatprovidesamplecodehow
to work with MAXIMs (formerly
DALLAS) DS18B20\DS18S20 digital
temperature sensors. However, most
ofthemdonotdescribetheprocessin
details. In this article, Im going to
show the gears that make the whole
thingwork.
As you should know, DS18x20 family
members are relatively accurate digital
temperature

sensors.

They

use

MAXIMs 1wire bus protocol, which

requiresonly1wireforreceivingandtransmittingdata(Agroundlineisalsorequired).Moreover,DS18x20
support socalled parasite power mode, when they drain energy from data bus when its high to charge
sensorsintegratedcapacitorsthatwillbeusedasapowersource.Sure,theyalsosupportnormalpower
scheme,withexternalsupply(andthisschemeisusedinthisarticle).

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You can have up to 127 devices on 1Wire line. To use one of them, a master device initiates a reset

randomdata

pulse, and them receives presence pulse from slave devices. Then he searches ROMs (each produced

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devicehasaunique64bitROMcode,likeserialnumber.Tinyfirstpartofitdefinesafamilyofdevice,like

nginxsolve'Anexistingconnectionwasforcibly

0x10forDS18S20,0x28forDS18B20,0x01foriButtonDS1990Aetc.,andallremainingbitsareaunique

closedbytheremotehost'

item number. Finally, master device selects the necessary slave device with MATCH ROM [55h]

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command.(Ortransmitsbroadcastcommands).

Bytheway:tousalldatatransferon1wirebusseemstobeorganizedinbytes.SinceOneWire
libraryforArduinotakeschargeofalllowleveloperations,wejustsendandreceivebytes.
Alldataandcommandsaretransmittedleastsignificantbitfirstoverthe1Wirebus.
Togetatemperaturemeasurement,weneedtoissueCONVERT[44h]command.Whenoursensors
receiveit,theywillinitiatedataconversionprocesstoproduce2byteswiththemeasurement.Thisis
relativelyslowprocess,anditcantakeupto750milliseconds,sowehavetowaitforsometimeafter
issuingthecommand.

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AllthatmeasurementsarestoredinasocalledscratchpadapieceofsensorsRAM.Wecanreaditto
getthedata,andwecanalsowritetoittosetalarmthresholds,tospecifysensorresolution(butits
moreadvancedtopic,anditwillnotbediscussedinthisarticle).

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Toreadascratchpad,weissueaREADSCRATCHPAD[BEh]command.Afterthat,weshouldreceive9
bytesofdata(seefigureabove).
Thenwecangetatemperatureaccordingtothefollowingformulae:
Temp=((HighByte<<8)+LowByte)*0.0625

A multiplier of 0.0625 is a conversion coefficient between sensors internal values and real temperature
accordingto12bitresolution,eachtickonsensorsscalestandsfor0.0625C.
(donotforgetthatTempshouldbefloatvariable)
Tosumupallabove,letuswriteafunctionthatstoresthetemperatureinaglobalvariable,andreturntrue
offalsedependingwhethermeasurementwassuccessfulornot:
#defineDS18S20_ID0x10
#defineDS18B20_ID0x28
floattemp
booleangetTemperature(){
bytei
bytepresent=0
bytedata[12]
byteaddr[8]
//findadevice
if(!ds.search(addr)){
ds.reset_search()
returnfalse
}
if(OneWire::crc8(addr,7)!=addr[7]){
returnfalse
}
if(addr[0]!=DS18S20_ID&&addr[0]!=DS18B20_ID){

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returnfalse
}
ds.reset()
ds.select(addr)
//Startconversion
ds.write(0x44,1)
//Waitsometime...
delay(850)
present=ds.reset()
ds.select(addr)
//IssueReadscratchpadcommand

Copyright20092015SimonTushev.Allrightsreserved.
ds.write(0xBE)

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//Receive9bytes
for(i=0i<9i++){

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data[i]=ds.read()
}
//Calculatetemperaturevalue
temp=((data[1]<<8)+data[0])*0.0625
returntrue
}

Ifthereareseveralsensorsinthescheme,thisfunctionwillgivevaluesfromeachofthemincycles.
DonotforgetalsotocreateOneWireobjectatthebeginningoftheprogram:
#include<OneWire.h>
OneWireds(pin_number)

(Anddonotforgettodownloadthelibraryandputittonecessaryfolder)
Andhereissmallcircuitschematicforgettingstartedwithdigitaltemperaturesensors:

Usefulinfo:
ComparisonoftheDS18B20andDS18S201WireDigitalThermometers
DS18B20datasheet

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Copyright20092015SimonTushev.Allrightsreserved.

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LastmodifiedonSaturday,21March201512:06

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Taggedunder arduino,electronics,temperature,ds18b20,

Simon Tushev
SimonisITprofessionalwithinterestsinwebdesign,electronics,photographyand
astronomy.HewritesaboutPHP,Yii,Joomla!,Arduinoandseveralothertopics.

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