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BALKAN MO TST 2009

1. Given the equation

(a) Find the number of its real roots.
(b) We denote by

the sum of the real roots and by

their product. Prove that

and
.
2. Let
and
be concentric circles, with
in the interior of . From a point on , draw the
tangent
to
. Let be the second point of intersection of
and ,and let
be the midpoint of
. A line passing through intersects
at and in such a way that the
perpendicular bisectors of
and
intersect at a point
on
.Find, with proof, the
ratio
.
This question is taken from Mathematical Olympiad Challenges , the 9-th exercise in 1.3 Power of
a Point.
3. For the give functions in :
(a) Euler's function (
- the number of natural numbers smaller than and coprime with );
(b) the function such that the
is the sum of natural divisors of .
solve the equation
.
4. Find all the polynomials
of a degree
with real non-negative coefficients such
that

BALKAN MO TST 2010

1. a) Is the number

(with

ones) a prime number?

b) Prove that every prime factor of

where
2. Let

(with

is a natural number.
be a real number; with the roots

build the sequence with

and

ones) is of the form

of the equation

we

a)Prove that the sequence

,where takes value from up to infinity, is strictly non
increasing.
b)Find all value of for the which this inequality hold for all natural values of

3. Let
be the circumscribed circle of the trapezoid
. In this trapezoid the
diagonals
and
are perpendicular. The parallel sides
and
are
diameters of the circles
and
respectively. Find the perimeter and the area of the
part inside the circle , that is outside circles
and
.
4. Let's consider the inequality
the sides of a triangle and a real number.

where

are

a) Prove the inequality for

b) Find the smallest value of

.
such that the inequality holds for all triangles.

BALKAN MO TST 2011

1. The given parabola

doesn't intersect the -axis and passes from the
points
and
. Find all the possible values of the coordinates of the vertex of this
parabola.
2. The area and the perimeter of the triangle with sides
are equal. Find all the triangles with
integral sides whose area and perimeter are equal.
3. In the acute angle triangle
the point is the center of the circumscribed circle and the
lines
intersect sides
respectively in points
such
that
.

(a) Find the ratios

(b) If any of the angles of the triangle

is
, find the two other angles.
4. Find all prime numbers p such that
is also a prime number.
5. The sweeties shop called "Olympiad" sells boxes of
or
chocolates. Groups of students
from a school that is near the shop collect money to buy a chocolate for each student; to make
this they buy a box and than give to everybody a chocolate. Like this students can create groups
of
students,
students, etc. The seller has promised to the students
that he can satisfy any group of students, and if he will need to open a new box of chocolate for
any group (like groups of
or
students) than he will give all the chocolates for free to this
group. Can there be constructed the biggest group that profits free chocolates, and if so, how
many students are there in this group?

BALKAN MO TST 2014

1. Prove that for

the following inequality holds:

2. Solve the following equation in

3. From the point outside a circle with center draw the tangents
and
where and
belong to .In a random point
in the chord
we draw the perpendicular to
, which
intersects
and
in and .Prove that
is the midpoint
.
4. Find all functions
such that
for all
.
5. Find all non-negative integers
which satisfy
.