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3 PWM Produced Water Quality&charact PDF
3 PWM Produced Water Quality&charact PDF
PRESENCE OF
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIALS
(NORM)
WATER
QUALITY CONTROL
DISPERSED /
DISSOLVED
HYDROCARBONS
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
DISSOLVED
TREATMENT
CHEMICALS
DISSOLVED
TOXIC
HEAVY
METALS
BACTERIA
CONTENT
SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
27
PRODUCED WATER
FIELD MONITORING (1)
Chemical / biological analyses of field waters
Salinity
pH
Alkalinity
Water-cut
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB)
Calcium
Magnesium
Chlorides
Sulphates
28
PRODUCED WATER
FIELD MONITORING (2)
Oxygen content
Colorimetric kits
29
PRODUCED WATER
COLLECTION OF FIELD & PLANT DATA
30
PRODUCED WATER
SCOPE OF THE LABORATORY STUDY
z
31
PRODUCED WATER
CHEMICAL & ISOTOPIC WATER ANALYSES
pH
Relative density
Residue at 110, 180 and 600 C
Sodium
Potassium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Barium
strontium
Iron
Manganese
Ammonia
Silica
Hydrogen/Deuterium
Salinity
Total Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulphate
Carbonate
Bicarbonate
Hydroxide
Fluoride
Bromide
Formate
Acetate
Propionate
Butyrate
Borate
Oxygen 16/18()
32
SCALE
MIC
SOURING
BIOFOULING
TOXICITY
FORMATION
DAMAGE
CORROSION
PRODUCED WATER
DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED HYDROCARBONS
Continuous injection of suspended hydrocarbons into the
formation gradually increases the radius of the zone of
affected permeability and may dramatically reduce injectivity.
If the hydrocarbons contained in the injected water are grease,
and heavier lubricating oils from pumps or other surface
equipment, wax or/oxidized crude, they exhibit high viscosity,
limited solubility with in situ oil and generate a reducing effect
on permeability.
PRODUCED WATER
DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Suspended solids are usually defined as the non-water, non
dissolved substances that exist in the water. These may
typically include materials such as iron sulfides and oxides,
precipitated carbonates and sulfates, sand and silt, oils,
paraffins and asphaltenes, and materials of biological origin.
The suspended solids may also be considered as the
materials in the water that may cause plugging and loss of
injectivity in injection wells.
PRODUCED WATER
DAMAGE DUE TO INJECTION OF SOLIDS
PARTICLES
LARGER THAN
33% OF THE
PORE
DIAMETER
EXTERNAL
FILTER CAKE
PARTICLES
BETWEEN
14 TO 33%
OF THE PORE
DIAMETER
DEEPER INVASION
INTO THE
FORMATION AND
INTERNAL
FILTER CAKE
PARTICLES
SMALLER THAN
14% OF THE
PORE THROAT
APERTURE
PRODUCED WATER
WATER-ROCK COMPATIBILITY
PRODUCED WATER
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
TEST
TEST
CORE
CORE
FLOODING
FLOODING
PRODUCED WATER
SAMPLE POINTS
Special care must be taken to ensure that a
representative sample of the water is obtained.
Samples must be taken at points that will not
contain matter from stagnant areas, large
amount of macro-solids such as debris nad
matter not representative of produced water,
and at points which are disproportionately
conducive to collecting oil or solids
PRODUCED WATER
FLOTATION UNIT
SAMPLING
PRODUCED WATER
OUTLET FLOTATION
UNIT
SAMPLING
PRODUCED WATER
OIL
WATER WITH
SUSPENDED SOLID
PRODUCED WATER
Effect of Suspended Hydrocarbons
before injection
after
injection
inlet