MicroStation V8i Essentials PDF

MicroStation V8i Essentials
Bentley Institute Course Guide

www.bentley.com/training
TRN012260-1/0001
Copyright Information
Trademarks
AccuDraw, Bentley, the B Bentley logo, MDL, MicroStation and SmartLine are registered
trademarks; PopSet and Raster Manager are trademarks; Bentley SELECT is a service mark
of Bentley Systems, Incorporated or Bentley Software, Inc.
Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun
Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Distiller, Exchange, and PostScript are
trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Windows, Microsoft and Visual Basic are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc.
Other brands and product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.
Patents
United States Patent Nos. 5,8.15,415 and 5,784,068 and 6,199,125.
Copyrights
2000-2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated.
MicroStation 1998 Bentley Systems, Incorporated.
IGDS file formats 1981-1988 Intergraph Corporation.
Intergraph Raster File Formats 1993 Intergraph Corporation.
Portions 1992 1994 Summit Software Company.
Portions 1992 1997 Spotlight Graphics, Inc.
Portions 1993 1995 Criterion Software Ltd. and its licensors.
Portions 1992 1998 Sun MicroSystems, Inc.
Portions Unigraphics Solutions, Inc.
Icc 1991 1995 by AT&T, Christopher W. Fraser, and David R. Hanson. All rights
reserved.
Portions 1997 1999 HMR, Inc. All rights reserved.
Portions 1992 1997 STEP Tools, Inc.
Sentry Spelling-Checker Engine 1993 Wintertree Software Inc.
Unpublished rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States and other
countries. All rights reserved. 8.11.5.4
MicroStation V8i Essentials
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Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems Incorporated
November-08
Table of Contents
Course Overview ____________________________________1
Course Description ____________________________________
Target Audience ______________________________________
Prerequisites _________________________________________
Course Objectives _____________________________________
Modules Included _____________________________________
Introductory Knowledge ________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Welcome to MicroStation ____________________________5

Module Overview _____________________________________
Module Prerequisites___________________________________
Module Objectives ____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
MicroStation Features __________________________________
Most used tools ___________________________________
File format _______________________________________
DWG support ____________________________________
Models __________________________________________
Task based interface ________________________________
Launching MicroStation ________________________________
The File Open Dialog __________________________________
Workspaces ______________________________________
Multi-core/Multi-processor Support____________________
Interface Overview ____________________________________
MicroStations menus _______________________________
The status bar _____________________________________
Main toolbox _____________________________________
Keyboard mapping _________________________________
Dialogs and alerts __________________________________
Tasks ___________________________________________
View windows ____________________________________
Mouse Functions in MicroStation _________________________
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Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
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Table of Contents
The data button ___________________________________

AccuSnap ________________________________________
The Reset button __________________________________
MicroStation Design Files _______________________________
Closing Files ______________________________________
Saving information _________________________________
Creating a MicroStation design file _____________________
Seed files ________________________________________
Ending a MicroStation Session ___________________________
Save Settings______________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Working With Views ________________________________35

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
View Control Tools____________________________________
Mouse view controls________________________________
Working with Multiple Views ____________________________
Window menu commands ___________________________
Using view control tools across view windows ____________
View groups ______________________________________
Selecting a portion of a view __________________________
Changing the orientation of a view _____________________
Moving without changing magnification _________________
Stepping through view operations______________________
Scroll bars________________________________________
View Attributes _______________________________________
Saved Views _________________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Precision Input Using AccuDraw ______________________53

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
AccuDraw Basics _____________________________________
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Table of Contents
AccuDraws interface components _____________________

The AccuDraw workflow ____________________________
The input focus ___________________________________
AccuDraw indexing ________________________________
Drawing with AccuDraw________________________________
Locking coordinate values ___________________________
AccuDraw Shortcuts ___________________________________
Important shortcuts ________________________________
Pop-up Calculator _____________________________________
Invoking and using the pop-up calculator ________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Designing in MicroStation ___________________________83

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Element Attributes ____________________________________
Active color ______________________________________
Active line style____________________________________
Active line weight __________________________________
Active element transparency __________________________
Active element display priority ________________________
Filled elements ____________________________________
Level____________________________________________
Changing element attributes __________________________
Element templates _________________________________
The Key-in Window ___________________________________
Working with Files ____________________________________
Setting working units _______________________________
Undo, Redo, and Delete _____________________________
Compressing files __________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Element Creation Tools ______________________________99

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
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Table of Contents
Answers _________________________________________
Creating Elements_____________________________________
Linear Tasks _________________________________________
The Place SmartLine tool ____________________________
Place Stream Line String _____________________________
Construct Minimum Distance Line_____________________
Circles Tasks _________________________________________
The Place Arc tool _________________________________
Precise element placement ___________________________
The Place Circle tool _______________________________
Polygons Tasks _______________________________________
The Place Block tool________________________________
Place Regular Polygon ______________________________
Complex Chains, Shapes and Regions ______________________
The Create Complex Shape tool _______________________
The Complex Chain tool ____________________________
The Create Region tool______________________________
Cells _______________________________________________
Placing cells in designs ______________________________
Placing cells that already exist in a design ________________
True Scale________________________________________
Creating cells _____________________________________
Replacing cells ____________________________________
Line terminators ___________________________________
Shared cells_______________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Working with Existing Elements ______________________133

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Basic Manipulation Tools _______________________________
Changing element position ___________________________
Move Element ___________________________________
Align Edges _____________________________________
Move to Contact___________________________________
Rotate___________________________________________
Mirror___________________________________________
Scale ____________________________________________
Copy____________________________________________
Move/Copy Parallel ________________________________
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Array ___________________________________________
Working with Groups of Elements ________________________
The Fence________________________________________
Named Fences ____________________________________
The Element Selection tool __________________________
Graphic groups____________________________________
Named Groups____________________________________
Making Measurements _________________________________
Measuring distance _________________________________
Measure Length ___________________________________
Measure Radius and Measure Angle ____________________
Measure Area _____________________________________
Using Patterns to Add Definition _________________________
Hatch Area _______________________________________
Delete Pattern_____________________________________
Crosshatch Area ___________________________________
Associative patterning_______________________________
Pattern Area ______________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Modifying Existing Elements _________________________171

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Basic Modification tools ________________________________
Modify Element ___________________________________
Partial Delete _____________________________________
Break Element ____________________________________
Extend __________________________________________
Extend Elements to Intersection ______________________
Extend Element to Intersection _______________________
Trim Elements ____________________________________
IntelliTrim _______________________________________
Changing Element Attributes ____________________________
Using Element Selection_____________________________
Element Information _______________________________
Change Attributes toolbox ___________________________
Change Attributes__________________________________
Match Element Attributes ___________________________
SmartMatch ______________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
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Table of Contents
Questions ________________________________________ 185

Answers _________________________________________ 185
Annotating Designs _________________________________187

Module Overview _____________________________________
Module Prerequisites ___________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Text Attributes _______________________________________
Fonts ___________________________________________
Justification_______________________________________
Text size _________________________________________
Line spacing ______________________________________
Setting attributes ___________________________________
Using Text Tools______________________________________
Place text ________________________________________
Placement methods_________________________________
Other placement options ____________________________
Annotation scale ___________________________________
Place Note_________________________________________
Enter data fields ___________________________________
Copy/Increment Text_______________________________
Find/Replace Text _________________________________
Changing Existing Text _________________________________
Edit Text ________________________________________
Matching and changing text __________________________
Text Fields __________________________________________
The Spell Checker _____________________________________
Revision Clouds ______________________________________
Dimensions __________________________________________
Element Dimensioning ______________________________
Alignment________________________________________
Association _______________________________________
Linear dimensioning ________________________________
Angular dimensioning_______________________________
Ordinate dimensioning ______________________________
Modifying existing dimensions ________________________
Change Dimension _________________________________
Dimension Audit __________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Organizing Design Data _____________________________219
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Module Overview _____________________________________

Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
References___________________________________________
Attaching references ________________________________
Attachment settings ________________________________
Resolving different working units ______________________
Updating reference elements__________________________
Manipulating references _____________________________
Reference levels ___________________________________
Transparency and priority ____________________________
Detaching references _______________________________
Reference nesting __________________________________
Models _____________________________________________
Types of models ___________________________________
Creating models ___________________________________
Drawing composition using models ____________________
View composition__________________________________
Clipping referenced models __________________________
Raster References _____________________________________
Attachment settings ________________________________
Attaching PDF Documents______________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Using Project Data __________________________________247

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Project Explorer ______________________________________
Document links ___________________________________
Linking project files to elements _______________________
Link properties ____________________________________
Validating links ____________________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Module Summary _____________________________________
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Creating Printed Output _____________________________255

Module Overview _____________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
Printing Basics________________________________________
Selecting the print area ______________________________
Setting the output color mode_________________________
Selecting a printer __________________________________
Setting the printing parameters ________________________
Attaching pen tables ________________________________
Previewing the printed output_________________________
Creating the print __________________________________
Creating Complete Scaled Sheets__________________________
Working with borders _______________________________
Using a 1:1 scale border _____________________________
Scaling a border to fit elements ________________________
Module Review _______________________________________
Questions ________________________________________
Answers _________________________________________
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Design Labs _______________________________________271

What to Design _______________________________________
Parameters _______________________________________
How to Design _______________________________________
Review the Design_____________________________________
What to Design _______________________________________
How to design ____________________________________
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Appendix - AccuDraw Shortcuts and Settings ____________275

Keyboard Shortcuts____________________________________
AccuDraw Settings ____________________________________
Operation tab _____________________________________
Display tab _______________________________________
Coordinates tab____________________________________
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Glossary ___________________________________________281
A ______________________________________________
B_______________________________________________
C_______________________________________________
D ______________________________________________
E_______________________________________________
F _______________________________________________
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H ______________________________________________
I _______________________________________________
J _______________________________________________
K ______________________________________________
L_______________________________________________
M ______________________________________________
N ______________________________________________
O ______________________________________________
P _______________________________________________
R_______________________________________________
S _______________________________________________
T_______________________________________________
U ______________________________________________
V ______________________________________________
W ______________________________________________
Z_______________________________________________
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Table of Contents
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Nov-08
Course Overview
Course Description
This course is designed to teach a 2D production draftsperson how to use MicroStation
software to create quality designs. You will learn how to use MicroStations tools and features
to create designs, manipulate and modify elements, assemble project data, and print.
Target Audience
This course is recommended for the following audiences:
Individuals who are learning how to use MicroStation for the first time
Those who are moving to MicroStation from another CAD application
Prerequisites
Fundamental knowledge of the Microsoft Windows operating system
Course Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
Nov-08
Use MicroStation V8i software to produce quality designs.
Create files that contain elements such as lines, circles, and polygons
Manipulate and modify existing elements
Annotate designs
Organize design data
Print
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Course Overview
Modules Included
Modules Included
The following modules are included in this course:
Welcome to MicroStation
Working with Views
Precision Input Using AccuDraw
Designing in MicroStation
Element Creation Tools
Working with Existing Elements
Modifying Existing Elements
Annotating Designs
Organizing Design Data
Using Project Data
Creating Printed Output
Design Labs
Appendix - AccuDraw Shortcuts
Glossary
Introductory Knowledge
Before you begin this course, let's define what you already know.
Questions
Course Overview
Do you have a good working knowledge of how to use Windows Explorer?
Provide a definition for the following terms:
Manipulate
Modify
Print
Copy
Match
Nov-08
Answers
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You open Windows Explorer by right clicking on the Windows Start menu and
selecting Explore. You click the + preceding folders and sub-folders to expand them.
Manipulate: To copy, move, rotate, scale, mirror, or delete an element, or group of

elements.
Modify: To make fundamental changes.
Print: Create hard copy output.
Copy: Reproduction of an original
Match: Something that is equal to another.
Nov-08
Course Overview
Course Overview
Nov-08
Module Overview
This module will help a new MicroStation user become familiar with the tools and features
found in the MicroStation design environment.
Module Prerequisites
Module Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Nov-08
Identify features in MicroStations interface
Use basic mouse functions with MicroStation
Create new files and open existing files
Save file settings
End a MicroStation session
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Before you begin this module, lets define what you already know:
Questions
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Provide a definition of computer aided design.
Name three simple graphical elements that you might use to create a computer aided
design.
Describe the basic parts of an engineering design.
Answers
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The term CAD defines a system that a designer/drafter/engineer can use for both
designing a product and for specifying the construction processes.
Lines, circles and arcs.
A border and graphics.
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MicroStation Features
Most used tools
The following list separates commonly used MicroStation tools into four basic categories
used for 2D production drafting.
Creation tools
Place SmartLine
Place Circle
Place Arc
Place Block
Place Cell
Place Text
Place Dimension
Hatch/Pattern Area
Create Complex Chain/Shape/Region
Manipulation tools
Copy/Move
Scale
Rotate
Mirror
Array
Align
Copy Parallel (offset)
Stretch
Move to Contact
Modification tools
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Modify
Extend Element(s) to Intersection
Trim Element
Add/Delete Vertex
Miscellaneous tools
Element Selection/Fence
Match/Change Element Attributes
Measure
Delete
Reference
Print
File format
MicroStations native format is DGN. The default extension for a MicroStation design file
is .dgn. A MicroStation design file is defined using double precision coordinates. This
provides a high level of coordinate accuracy for all your drafting and design needs. There are
two versions of the DGN format; pre-V8 and V8. The V8 DGN format is expected to last
until 2015.
DWG support
Native DWG support provides a hybrid environment that offers seamless and loss-less data
sharing.
Models
A model is an independent container that stores graphical information and specific settings.
MicroStation design files can contain multiple models. Think of a model as a design within a
design file.
Task based interface

A task based interface provides a convenient method of grouping commonly used tools to
streamline your workflows. The sets of tools can be MicroStation tools, custom tools or a
combination of both.
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Launching MicroStation
Launching MicroStation
You can launch MicroStation using one of the following methods:
Select the Bentley program group from the Windows Start menu (Start > Programs >
Bentley), then select the MicroStation item (MicroStation V8i > Bentley MicroStation
V8i)
Double click the MicroStation icon on the desktop
Double click the icon of a .dgn file in Windows Explorer
The default installation location on Windows XP is \Documents and Settings\All

Users\Application Data\bentley\MicroStation.
On Windows Vista, the location is \programdata\Bentley\.
The File Open Dialog

When you launch MicroStation, the File Open dialog appears. Its primary function is
navigating to and opening design files.
To list a specific type of file, click on the arrow next to the Files of type field in the lower
portion of the dialog. A list of all available file types will be displayed. When you select a
specific file type, the files listed above will only contain those that have the selected extension.
The functionality you associate with native Windows file selection dialogs is available. For
example, you can right click on listed files to rename and delete them, create sub-folders,
display file sizes, types, and modification dates, and change the file list sorting order
The preview window on the right side displays a thumbnail image of the selected file if one is
available. Information about the selected file appears above the preview window. The preview
window information indicates whether a DGN file is 2D or 3D, and indicates the
MicroStation version with which the file is compatible. The file format version displays for
AutoCAD files.
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If the file is from an earlier MicroStation version, a thumbnail is not displayed.

Thumbnail images are generally available for MicroStation V8 generation files and for later
versions of the .dwg file format.
Thumbnail Image
File Association
V8 generation DGN files and later revisions of .dwg files
V8 generation DGN files and later revisions of .dwg files, when a

thumbnail is not available.
MicroStation/J and older versions of MicroStation
Older DWG versions
Enable the Open as read only check box at the bottom of the dialog so that files will open
in a Read-only mode for viewing and printing. The read only mode protects you from
accidentally modifying a file.
Workspaces
A workspace is a custom MicroStation configuration that is set up by an administrator. By
selecting a workspace, you customize MicroStation for a specific discipline, project, or task.
MicroStation is delivered with a sample workspace containing example files, which show
many MicroStation conventions. When a workspace is active, the files and tools you need to
perform specific design work are available by default. Tools that are not necessary are
removed from the interface.
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To select a workspace, set the desired User and Project in the File Open dialog.
Multi-core/Multi-processor Support
MicroStation can take advantage of the hyper-threading capability of multi-core or multiprocessor systems by performing graphics processing in a separate thread. However, because
MicroStation may perform better with hyperthreading disabled, you will be notified upon
startup if hyperthreading is enabled on your system.
Exercise: Select a Workspace
Launch MicroStation.
At the lower right of the File Open dialog, change the User from untitled to
examples.
Change the Project to General. and the User to examples.
Click on the file named _Whats New_.dgn.
Click Open.
If the hyperthreading notification appears, enable (check) the Do not display again
check box and click OK.
You see the MicroStation application window, containing the contents of the design
file. This is one of the example files delivered with MicroStation. It contains
examples of the basic types of geometry you use when creating designs. There are
other design files in the General project that can help familiarize you with basic
MicroStation elements and concepts.
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Interface Overview
Interface Overview
The following image identifies the most prominent MicroStation features.
Main menu bar
Primary Tools toolbox
Attributes toolbox
Main toolbox
View Control toolbox
Tasks dialog
Tool settings window

View Groups dialog
AccuDraw window
Status bar
MicroStations menus
The main menu bar is located along the top of the MicroStation application window. It one of
the main sources of commands for controlling MicroStations operation.
As you select each menu, a list of menu items appears. Each menu item initiates an operation
directly, or opens a dialog where you can further define the desired operation.
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Interface Overview
The MicroStation menu bar is well organized and the commands are logically grouped.
If you are looking for a specific tool to use, select Tools from the main menu bar. The
resulting menu shows most tools available in MicroStation.
If you need to adjust design file settings, select Settings from the main menu bar and then
look in the list for Design File. In this course, this is described as selecting Settings >
Design File.
The status bar

The status bar is an important part of the MicroStation user interface since it provides a view
into MicroStations operation. MicroStation continually displays information about its
operation in the status bar. Messages include the following the current tool in use and the
next step in its use, information about the previous action, the status of certain features.
Click on different tools in the Main toolbox and the Tasks dialog and watch as the messages
at the left of the status bar change. The name of the tool is displayed followed by a prompt
that instructs you how to start using the tool.
Moving to the right in the status bar you will find the Message Center. Information from
MicroStation is often displayed here.
Click on the message or in the blank area if there is no message, to open the Message Center
dialog. It lets you review informational and other types of messages. In certain cases, an icon
indicating the message type displays.
Main toolbox
Central to the organization of MicroStations tools is the Main toolbox. It is used to select
general usage element selection, manipulation, and modification tools.
Important: When you press and hold the mouses left button, the data button, on a tool in
the Main toolbox, you see a menu that gives you access to all the tools in that toolbox.
You can open an individual toolbox by clicking on a tool and selecting Open name as
ToolBox from the pop-up menu. You can then place, or dock, the toolbox in a convenient
location anywhere on the screen. There are two tools that do not have an associated toolbox,
Element Selection and Delete Element.
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Interface Overview
You can customize MicroStation toolboxes once they are open. Right click on a tool in the
box to display a list of the tools available in the toolbox. If you click one that was unchecked,
it will appear in the toolbox.
Keyboard mapping
MicroStation uses managed focus to follow your actions. In this system, the top level is called
Home. Look for the home icon in the right side of the status bar. If it is not there, another
icon indicates that a particular window currently has focus.
Tools can be accessed using the mouse and clicking or by using keyboard navigation because
the task bars are mapped to the keyboard. From home, press the keyboard key that
corresponds to the tool you want to use. The following image shows the tools to which the
number keys are mapped.
Important: To move the focus home, press the Esc key on the keyboard.
When accessing tools in the Main toolbox you use a combination of keys. Pressing 3 will open
a pop-up menu listing the Manipulate tasks. Press 3 again to activate the tool that is in the
third position, Scale, or press 3 then 9 to Move Parallel. Press 7 for the Modify tools, then 3 to
Break or 7 to Trim
If you wish to use keyboard mapping, the format used for selecting tools in this course will be
Select Place SmartLine (Q + 1).
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Interface Overview
Exercise: Access a tool using keyboard navigation
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, look at the right side of the status bar for the
Home icon.
If it is not active, press the Esc key on the keyboard.
Press 3.
This key is mapped to the Manipulate tools.
Take note of the menu that pops up at the pointers location.

It contains all of the manipulation tools. You can select them from this menu or by
clicking the tool in the Main toolbox and holding the button down.
Press 3 again.
Note the tool settings window.

It has changed and now shows all the settings available for using the Scale tool.
Hint: Check the tool settings window and the status bar to see which tool is active.
Dialogs and alerts

Dialogs appear whenever you select a menu item that is followed by an ellipsis (), items
such as Open Enter the requested information in the dialog and then select an action such
as OK, Done or Apply.
Alert windows appear whenever you are about to do something in the DGN file that may be
hard to reverse. Take note and select a button carefully.
Tasks
A task is simply a logical grouping of tools. Tasks organize MicroStations extensive collection
of tools by use. Tasks can contain overlapping sets of tools. For example, a Drawing task and
Drawing Composition task can both contain the same text placement tools.
Click Tasks at the top of the Tasks dialog on the left side of the application window to open
the task list. Tools found in this dialog are used to put elements into designs. MicroStation
provides default task lists for Drawing and Drawing Composition.
Use the Tasks dialog, which is docked by default at the left edge of the MicroStation
application window, to navigate tasks. All defined tasks are listed in the hierarchical drop-
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Interface Overview
down menu at the top of the dialog. When you select a task from the list, the tasks and tool
icons underneath the Main toolbox change.
Important: When specific tools that belong to a task occupy the Tasks dialog, only a single
key press is needed. Just press the letter that corresponds to the tool you want to use.
Exercise: Navigating tasks
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, in the Tasks dialog, click the arrow next to Tasks at
the upper left of the application window to open the task list.
Select the Drawing Composition task.

The tasks that populate the dialog change.
Click the Annotate task.
Note the icons on the right side of the tab.
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Interface Overview
These icons change the way tools are presented.

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Press A then 2 to invoke the Edit Text tool.
Reopen the task list.
Select the Drawing task so those tools occupy the Tasks dialog again.
Tool tips
MicroStation has tool tips to help you identify a tool without having to activate it. As you
move the pointer over a tool, pause. A small tag appears showing the tools name.
As you experiment with this feature, notice that the tool tip also works for the tools in the
Primary Tools toolbox, the status bar at the bottom of the application window, and even in
dialogs. Hold the pointer over the Active Locks icon in the status bar, and you will see a tool
tip that reads Active Locks and notes the ones that are active.
When you move the pointer over tools in a toolbox the prompts on the left side of the status
bar change in conjunction with the tool tip. The status bar will show the tool name and
prompt you for the next step.
Starting and stopping tools

When working with MicroStations tools a left mouse button, or data button, click is referred
to as entering a data point. Consider this the Yes button. Yes, I want to select this tool or
option or Yes, I want to enter a point here.
When working with MicroStations tools, a right click is called a reset. You use a reset to back
up a step during an operation or to end an operation. You can consider this the No button.
Nov-08
17
Interface Overview
The first time you reset, a dialog appears. It prompts you to select the functionality you want
to associate with the right mouse button. The default is the default MicroStation behavior.
Select this option for default MicroStation behavior. You can reset and continue to press the
right mouse button (a right press) to open a menu called the Reset pop-up menu.
This menu provides convenient access to tools for manipulating elements. For example,
Copy, Move, Scale, and Delete. There are also Cut/Copy/Paste options. Options change
depending upon the element the pointer is over when the menu opens.
Note: MicroStation tools are persistent in behavior. In MicroStation, once a tool has been
selected it is active until another tool is selected.
The tool settings window

Most tools have options to control their operation. These appear in the tool settings window.
You enter the information required for a tools individual parameters in its tool settings.
This window is open by default upon start-up. If you close the tool settings window, new tool
settings will automatically appear when you select the next tool.
The Place Circle tool has different settings for its operation than Place SmartLine
Note: If the tool settings window disappears and you cannot find it, toggle its display by selecting
Tool Settings from the Settings menu (Settings > Tool Settings) on the main menu bar.
PopSet and tool settings

PopSet lets the tool settings window hide automatically when the pointer is near the tool
settings window. Toggle PopSet by clicking its icon in the Primary Tools toolbox. When the
icon is green, with no strike through it, PopSet is enabled. When it is red with a strike though
it, PopSet is disabled.
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Nov-08
Interface Overview
Exercise: Exploring the tool settings window
Continuing in _whats new_.dgn, click the Copy tool (or press 3 on the keyboard
when focus is at Home) in the Main toolbox using the left mouse button.
The tool settings window changes to show the settings for the Copy Element tool.
Hint: Remember that when you select a new tool, the name of the tool appears in the tool
settings windows title bar and in the status bar.
View windows
MicroStations design windows are called views. You can open more than one view to aid in
the design process. View windows are resizable, moveable, and collapsible.
MicroStation can open as many as eight views at any time. They are all active, ready for input,
yet graphically independent of one another. Named View 1 through View 8, they provide
direct access to your graphic data. The reason for eight view windows is simple; you may want
to view more than one portion of a design, in varying degrees of detail, at one time.
Exercise: Open a view window from the Window menu
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, click Window on the main menu bar.
Hold the pointer over the Views item.
Move the pointer to the right and select 2 from the sub-menu (Window > Views > 2).
This opens a new view window named View 2. In this view, you can see the lower left
corner of the design.
Important: Closing all the view windows in a DGN file is not the same as closing the file.
You have closed all of the design windows, but the file is still open. The title bar at the top of
the MicroStation application window displays the name of the open file.
Nov-08
19
Interface Overview
View toolboxes for each view

To control the content of a view window, each one has its own set of view controls. View
controls let you change the contents of one view without affecting the contents of any other
view. The view toolbox is located at the top left of each open view window.
You can change the location of the view controls using options in the Preferences dialog. To
do so, select Workspace > Preferences from the main menu bar. Then select the View Options
category.
View windows can also be opened and closed using the view toggles in the View Groups
dialog at the lower left of the MicroStation application window. This is open and docked by
default when you launch MicroStation.
Exercise: Open and close views using the view toggles
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, click View 2s toggle in the View Groups dialog to
close View 2.
Click View 8s toggle to open View 8.
Exercise: Use view controls
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, select Fit View, from View 8s view toolbox.
All of the elements that exist in this view fit into the view window. The command
works like the Zoom Extents command in other applications.
2
Press the right mouse button, a reset, to end the Fit View command.
Hint: You can also fit all elements in a view by double clicking the center mouse button
or wheel.
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Nov-08
Mouse Functions in MicroStation
In the First Reset dialog, click OK to accept the default MicroStation behavior when
you reset.
Note: If you change the User in the File Open dialog, you will need to specify the first
reset behavior again for that user.
4
In View 8, select View Previous.
Hint: Remember to use tool tips and the information in the status bar to guide you.
The view returns to the previous display.
5
Close View 8.

The mouse is the primary input device for MicroStations graphic user interface.
On a wheeled mouse, the left button is the data button. Click it to enter data points, such
as a lines start and end points. You also use it to select commands and menu options
from the user interface. Think of it as the Yes button.
The right button is the reset button. Reset performs several different functions,
depending upon the current process taking place. Think of it as the No button.
Reset Button
Data Button
A three button mouse is often used with MicroStation. If you use a three button mouse, there
is one button for each of the most common types of input in MicroStation.
The data button

The data button is used to select tools and menu items. It is also used to enter data points to
place or manipulate elements in the design file and to confirm input.
Nov-08
21
The Element Selection tool

Element Selection is a tool for selecting objects from a design file. MicroStation defaults to
the Element Selection tool whenever no other tool has been chosen. When you opened this
design, you may have noticed that Element Selection was selected and active, first in the Main
toolbox.
Element Selection is a very versatile tool. Not only can you use it to select elements, you can
also use the tool to modify or move elements, to edit text and to group elements.
Working with Element Selection, as well as most MicroStation tools, consists of the following
steps:
1. Select a tool.
2. Adjust the tool settings.
3. Follow the status bar prompts.
Exercise: Using the data point and the Element Selection tool
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, click the Element Selection tool (1) in the Main
toolbox.
Set the following tool settings:

Method: Individual
Mode: New
Move the pointer over elements in the design.

As you move over elements, they highlight. The highlighting turns off as you move
the pointer away. The pop-up information that displays will help you to identify the
type of element.
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Nov-08
Move the pointer over the text Graphics Display and press the data button to enter
a data point on the text string.
MicroStation responds by displaying the text highlighted, even when you move the
pointer away. Handles also appear on the element.
Nov-08
Hold the data button down on the text and move the mouse to drag it down to the
bottom of the frame.
Release the data button.
In the Element Selection tool settings, click Clear to release the text.
23
AccuSnap
As you have been working, you have seen pop-up information that displays. It is a feature of
AccuSnap. When this feature is on, and the pointer is near an element, AccuSnap displays
information about the element.
AccuSnaps main function is to help you select precise locations in a design, such as the end
of a line or the center of a circle. This operation is called snapping.
With AccuSnap all you need to do is move the pointer close enough to the point to which you
wish to snap. AccuSnap moves to the snap point and stays there until you move the mouse
away. A successful snap using AccuSnap displays a bold, yellow X on the snap point. The next
data point you enter will be placed at precisely that spot.
AccuSnap snapped to the center of the circle
Next, you will rotate the text string. To do this, you must select an element manipulation tool.
Exercise: Using the data point to confirm input
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, click the Copy tool in the Main toolbox, hold the
data button down and select Open Manipulate as ToolBox.
This will open the Manipulate toolbox. Frequently used toolboxes can be isolated like
this and then docked around the view window for easy access.
2
Enter a data point on the title bar of the Manipulate toolbox and drag it over to the
right side of the MicroStation application window until it is a vertical rectangle.
Release the data button.

The toolbox is docked at the side of the MicroStation application window. The
toolbox is out of the way and yet all of the manipulation tools are visible.
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Nov-08
Select the Rotate tool.
This tool rotates objects in a design. This tool operates in several different ways
though, so you must set its tool settings.
5
Click on the Method option menu in the tool settings.

A menu appears, displaying a number of Method options.
Select the 2 Points method.
Verify that the Copies check box is disabled (unchecked).
Returning to the design, enter a data point on the text you moved to identify it as the
element to rotate.
Enter another data point at the center of the text to identify the pivot point, as
directed in the status bar.
MicroStation responds by putting the text into a dynamic rotation mode. As you
move the pointer, the text spins to follow it. When the element is rotated the way you
want, you enter a data point to fix the elements position.
10 Reset to end the command.
The Reset button

The reset button is used to perform the following functions:
Nov-08
It resets it to the previous operational step.
25
It resumes the last drawing or editing operation after using a view control.
It rejects the currently selected element and cycles between eligible elements within the
location tolerance of the pointer.
Exercise: The reset buttons first function
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, you will place a line below the text string.
Select Place SmartLine from the Tasks dialog (or press Q + 1 on the keyboard when
focus is at Home).

Segment Type: Lines
Vertex Type: Sharp
Join Elements: Enabled (checked)
The Place SmartLine tool is used to place a chain of connected segments as
individual elements or as one single element.
Move the pointer to a location below the text string and press the data button,
entering a data point to start the line.
A shaded square appears at the point. This is the AccuDraw compass, which helps
you draw precisely.
Move the pointer to the right and enter another data point to underline the text.
Reset to stop the placement of line.

MicroStation frees the pointer, but keeps the Place SmartLine tool active. Pausing a
tool is the reset buttons first function.
Note: Reset does not cancel a tool, it resets it to the previous operational step.
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Nov-08
Exercise: The reset buttons second function
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, click the Copy tool in the Manipulate toolbox.
Click the text you just underlined.

You are going to copy the text, but first you need to change the zoom level so you
can line the text up with the frame. You need to manipulate the views contents by
using a view control tool.
Click Zoom In in the view toolbox and enter a data point on the upper left frame
from which you moved the text.
Reset.
You return to the Copy Element tool.
Enter a data point on the frame to place the copy.
Reset to end the Copy Element operation.
MicroStations lets you perform view operations during all drawing and editing commands
without interfering with the commands operation. You do not have to worry about
cancelling a tool or your status in the tools operation.
When you select and use a view control tool, just remember to click the reset button after you
finish adjusting the view. You will return to the action of the tool you were using after the
reset operation.
Returning to the original drawing tool after using a view control is the second reset function.
Nov-08
27
Exercise: The reset buttons third function
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, continue with the Copy Element tool.

Note the small circle at the center of the pointer. This is known as the locate
tolerance circle, and is much like the select or pick box found in other applications. It
will appear anytime the system prompts you to select or identify an element.
Place the pointer over the display model labeled Wireframe.

An element changes color.
Enter a data point.
Move the pointer.

You can see that an element is attached.
Press reset.
The first element is released and the next element changes color and is attached to
the pointer.
MicroStation cycles through the elements inside of the locate tolerance. The locate
tolerance is how close the pointer must be to an element in order to recognize it. No
matter how many elements are within the locate tolerance, MicroStation will cycle
through them all until you select one or until you stop the command.
Instead of having to enter a data point and reset, enter a data point and reset, and so
on, to get to the element you need you can just enter one data point and then click
the reset button until the desired element is chosen.
Reset until all elements have been released.
Select Tools > Close Tool Boxes from the main menu bar, and check only Close Docked
in the Close Tool Boxes dialog.
The Manipulate toolbox closes and the view window resizes to full size.
Cycling through eligible elements is the third reset function. When MicroStation prompts you
to select or identify an element, the selected element displays highlighted. If MicroStation
highlights the wrong element, reset to release it and select the next element inside of the
locate tolerance.
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Nov-08
MicroStation Design Files

Design file, or DGN, is the name of MicroStations primary data storage file, due to the .dgn
file extension. The term design is often used interchangeably with the term drawing.
However, a design is a collection of elements that are drawn at full scale that encapsulate part
of a project for the purpose of active editing. A drawing is a collection of elements and other
items for presentation purposes.
Closing Files
You have finished with the file you are in and want to close it. There is still more work to do
in MicroStation though, so you dont want to quit the application. You just want to close the
current design file.
Selecting File > Open lets you select the next file you wish to open. The file you are
currently using will close and the new file will open.
Selecting File > Close will close the current file, returning you to the File Open dialog.
Exercise: Closing the active design file
Continuing in _Whats New_.dgn, select File > Close from the main menu bar.
The design file closes and you are returned to the File Open dialog.
You can only open one design file at a time in a MicroStation session. If you find that you
need to have two design files open at the same time, you must start a second MicroStation
session to open the second design file. It is a good practice to select a different User in the
File Open dialog when opening the second session. Note that only one license is used for
both sessions.
Saving information
The method MicroStation uses to save information is slightly different from the methods
other applications use. When you open a design for modification in MicroStation, the
program reads the designs data from the design file stored on the systems hard disk or
network device into the computers local memory (RAM). During the design process,
MicroStation periodically writes the changes back (saves) to the open file on the hard drive.
This contrasts with other applications that require you to perform a Save operation to
permanently save your changes.
Nov-08
29
Creating a MicroStation design file

To work in MicroStation you must either open an existing design file or create a new one. In
the next exercise, you will create a MicroStation design file and give it a name before opening
it. You will use the File Open dialog to create the file, but you can create a file from inside
MicroStation by selecting File > New.
Hint: A benefit of creating a file from inside MicroStation is that the new file opens immediately.
Exercise: Creating a new file
Click the New file icon at the top of the File Open dialog.
Type myfile in the File name field of the New Design File dialog.
Do press Enter yet. Doing so is the same as clicking OK or Save, which will finish
the creation process and close the dialog you are using.
Observe the Save as type field.

It is set to MicroStation DGN Files. This field is used to select the desired file type.
The correct extension will be appended to the file name automatically.
Observe the Seed field, and then click the Browse button.
It shows the path to the seed file that will be used; in this case, it is called
ExampleSeed.dgn.
Click Open to select this file.
Click Save.
The new file name, myfile.dgn, appears in the File Open dialog.
You can open existing MicroStation files and create new files from your own workstation or
any accessible device on your network that has access to a MicroStation license. Your system
administrator, CAD manager or project leader will probably set the location of your projects
files.
Now that you have created a new design file, open it and see what is inside.
Exercise: Opening the new file
Select myfile.dgn in the File Open dialog and click Open to open the file.
You see a design that contains any elements that were in the seed file.
Select File > New from the main menu bar.
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Nov-08
Ending a MicroStation Session
Seed files
A new design file is created by copying an existing seed file, which serves as a template. It
contains preset values such as initial element parameters, the type of design to be created (2D
or 3D), the working units used and perhaps some initial design elements. An example of the
latter would be a seed file containing your companys sheet border and title block.
Exercise: Selecting a seed file
Click the Browse button next to the Seed field at the bottom of the New file dialog.
In the Select Seed File dialog, select 2dMetricGeneral.dgn.
Click Open.
This selects the seed file from which you will create this design.
Type myfile2 in the File name field of the New file dialog.
Click Save.
The file opens. You can see that this seed file contains no elements.
Select File > Close.
Note: If you try to use a file name that already exists, an alert window appears, warning you the
file already exists. You will overwrite the file if you continue with file creation. When such
a window appears, play close attention and make sure you really want to overwrite the file.
The MicroStation installation contains many useful standard seed files. They are located in the
\WorkSpace\System\seed folder. Use the Look in field at the top of the File Open dialog to
navigate through folders.
You can click the Up One Level icon to move up one folder from the present one.
As you have seen, seed files can contain geometry or they can be pre-configured with many of
the standards common to a particular project. Your CAD manager or project leader will
probably customize certain delivered seed files for your use. Having the customized seed files
will make it easier for you to adhere to required project parameters.
Ending a MicroStation Session

MicroStation does not immediately write changes to design file settings or attribute settings to
disk.
Nov-08
31
Module Review
Save Settings
When you make changes to settings that you want to permanently store, you must save them
to disk. To do this, select Save Settings from the File menu on the main menu bar. A shortcut
exists for this command as noted in the File menu, Ctrl + F.
Save Settings saves the current settings in the active design file. These settings include those
that you set in file settings dialogs, as well as the view configuration. The view windows will
look exactly the same in size, position, and content when you reopen them if you Save
Settings before you close a file.
Module Review
Now that you have completed this module, lets measure what you have learned.
Mastery Exercise: Create a new file and edit an existing file
Create a design file named new.dgn, using the seed file seed2d.dgn delivered with
MicroStation, and open it.
Open view windows 1 through 4 and ensure that they will be open the next time you
open the file.
From inside the file, open the file Base Geometry.dgn.
Rotate one of the labels so that it is vertical.
Move the label to the right side of the sheet.
Reopen new.dgn and make sure that all four view windows are open.
When you are done, return to the File Open dialog.
Questions
1
How do you open files using a Workspace?
Identify four elements of MicroStations interface.
Where must focus be to use task navigation and keyboard mapping?
True or False: View controls can only be applied to the view from which the tool was
chosen.
When you double click the mouse wheel, what view control is performed?
New design files are based upon what kind of files?
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Nov-08
Module Review
Answers
Nov-08
Select a User, then a Project, and then select a file.
Status bar, tool settings, toolboxes, Main menu bar, message center, AccuDraw
window.
Home. Press Esc on the keyboard to bring the focus Home.
False. You can use a view control in any view.
Fit View.
Seed files.
33
Module Review
34
Nov-08
Working With Views

Module Overview
MicroStations view windows look much like those in other applications. However, from an
operational standpoint, MicroStations views cannot really be compared to view ports in other
applications. They are fundamentally different in their approach to displaying graphics. In
other applications, the paper is moved under the view. In MicroStation, the views move over
the paper.
Another difference is that you can have as many as eight view windows open at one time, in
one file. Although these views are independent of one another, they allow you to work
seamlessly between them. This chapter presents tools and techniques for working with
multiple views.
Knowledge about MicroStations interface
Module Objectives
Nov-08
Open and close view windows
Control the content of a view window
Work with multiple views
Create and save view groups
Control View Attributes
Create saved views
35
Working With Views
Before you begin this module, let's define what you already know.
Questions
1
Where can you find a list of all the toolboxes in the interface?
True or False: MicroStation commands are locked to the current tool until a new tool
is chosen.
True or False: MicroStation automatically saves changes to elements, by default.
Answers
Working With Views
In the Tool Boxes dialog, which is opened by selecting Tools > Tool Boxes.
True. Change this by selecting Workspace > Preferences, Look and Feel category, Single
Click.
True. Change this by selecting Workspace > Preferences, Operation category,

Automatically Save Design Changes.
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Nov-08
View Control Tools
View Control Tools

The view toolbox is located at the upper left corner of every view window.
Select this from the view control
toolbox for the desired view:
To do this:
Nov-08
Open the View Attributes dialog
View Attributes
Refresh or redraw the view
Update View
Increase the magnification of a view
Zoom In
Decrease the magnification of a view
Zoom Out
Zoom in to a defined area
Window Area
Show all displayable graphics in the active design and

attached references in the view
Fit View
Rotate the view
Rotate View
View a different part of the design without changing

the view magnification
Pan View
Undo the last viewing operation
View Previous
Redo the last viewing operation
View Next
Copy the display of one view into another view
Copy View
Clip a view so no elements outside a defined

boundary are visible
Clip Volume
Clip a view so no elements inside a defined boundary

are visible
Clip Mask
37
Working With Views
Working with Multiple Views
Note: You can change the location of the toolbox by selecting Workspace > Preferences, View
Options category, Show View ToolBox.
The basic steps for view control operation in MicroStation are the same as for all tools.
1. Select a view control.
2. Adjust its tool settings.
3. Follow the status bar prompts to use the tool.
Mouse view controls

Several view operations can be performed using the keyboard and mouse.
Press the Shift key and drag while pressing the left mouse button to activate dynamic
panning.
Press or single click the wheel of a wheeled mouse and drag for controlled panning.
Press the Shift key then press the wheel of a wheeled mouse and drag for dynamic
rotation.
Roll the wheel of a wheeled mouse to zoom in and out dynamically.
Press the Shift key and roll the wheel of a wheeled mouse to zoom in and recenter.
Double click the wheel to fit view.
Hint: To become familiar with the view controls, spend five minutes each day experimenting.

You can use the view toggles in the View Groups dialog at the lower left of the MicroStation
application window to open views, as well as the Window menu on the main menu bar. The
Window menu includes additional tools for manipulating multiple windows.
Note: If your system has two monitors, you can view graphics on both. You are not restricted to
using one for graphics and the other for a command interface. To set the option, select
Workspace > Preferences. In the Preferences dialog, select the Operation category. Enable the
Open Two Application Windows check box, close the dialog and restart MicroStation.
Window menu commands
Working With Views
Tile changes the open view windows so that each one occupies an equal amount of space
on the screen.
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Nov-08
Cascade stacks view windows in numerical order with the lowest numbered window
entirely visible and the title bar of each remaining window visible.
Arrange resizes all view windows so that they fit tightly within the available space without
overlapping. Unlike the Tile command, Arrange attempts to preserve the view windows'
original size and positional relationships as much as possible.
Using view control tools across view windows

Exercise: Use Fit View
Set the following in the File Open dialog:

Project: Geospatial
From the \Designs folder, open BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn.
Click the 2 view toggle in the View Groups dialog at the lower left of the application
window to open View 2.
Select Window > Tile.
Select Fit View from one views view toolbox and then enter a data point in the other
view.
All file contents are displayed in each view.
Exercise: The Zoom In and Zoom Out tools
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Zoom In from View 2s

view toolbox.
The shaded area shows the extent of the zoom. It is a visual indicator of the limits of
the new view boundary. Anything inside this rectangle will be displayed in the view.
Nov-08
39
Working With Views
The shape of the zoom rectangle will be proportional to the view window from
which Zoom In is selected.
The status bar prompts you to enter a zoom center point.

2
Move the pointer into View 1 and enter a data point.

View controls can be selected from one view and executed in another.
Reset to complete the command.
Select Zoom Out from View 1 and the view zooms out about its center.
After performing the initial zoom, enter additional data points to zoom out further.
The view will zoom out about the location of the data point. You can change the
zoom level in other open views by entering a data point within the view.
With Zoom Out still active, enter a data point in View 2.

The selected point becomes the center of the view.
When using the Zoom tools you will see that the Zoom Ratio in the tool settings is set to a
value of 2.00. This controls how far you zoom in one operation. You can change the amount
by typing in another number. The smaller the number, the less zoom.
Exercise: Resizing views
Working With Views
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, move the pointer to the lower left

corner of View 1 until it becomes a diagonal double arrow.
With the pointer appearing as an arrow, press the data button, drag the corner of the
view window toward the center of the screen and release.
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Nov-08
This shrinks View 1, leaving room for more view windows.

3
Click the 3 toggle in the View Groups dialog to open View 3.
Next, youll arrange these view windows to better use the screen area.
View groups
A view group preserves a view arrangement so you can recall it in the future. First, you create
and name a view group, and then you arrange the views that it will store.
Exercise: Create a view group
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, click the Manage View Groups

icon in the center of the View Groups dialog.
The View Groups toolbox and the Manage View Groups icon
Click the Create View Group icon in the Manage View Groups dialog.
Enter the following in the Create View Group dialog:
Name: 3 Views
Description: Views 1 - 3
Click OK.
This creates the view group. Now you will arrange the view windows that will
comprise the group.
Select Window > Arrange from the main menu bar.

Arrange optimizes the view windows so each is completely visible without
overlapping any others.
Select Fit View from View 1 and then enter data points in View 2 and 3.
With the new view group highlighted in the Manage View Groups dialog, select File
> Save Settings to save this arrangement.
Double click Parks Views in the Manage View Groups dialog.

The view changes to the view layout that shows the parklands.
Double click on the 3 Views view group.

You return to the layout you created.
Nov-08
Click Close to close the Manage View Groups dialog.
41
Working With Views
Hint: When you use any of MicroStations tools, pay close attention to the prompts in the status
bar. Just as you watch signs while commuting, MicroStation provides you with prompts
and dynamic feedback to keep you informed.
Selecting a portion of a view

The Window Area view control is used to define a specific area to display in the selected view
window.
Exercise: Window Area
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Window Area from View 1s

view control toolbox.
The status bar prompts you to define the first corner point.
Move the pointer into View 1.
Enter a data point anywhere in View 1.

The status bar prompts you to define the opposite corner point.
Move the pointer around.

A shaded area moves along dynamically. This visual guide shows the extents of the
displayable area.
Using the shaded area as a guide, move the pointer and define the area to display in
View 1.
Enter a data point.

In the tool settings, the Apply to Window option is set to 1.
Move the pointer into View 2.

The Apply to Window option changes to 2.
With Apply to Window set to 2, enable the check box.
Move the pointer into View 1 and enter two data points to define an area to view in
View 2.
After you enter the second data point, View 2 updates to reflect the new window area
definition.
10 Reset.
Changing the orientation of a view

The Rotate View view control is used to change the designs orientation in the view window.
This view control does not rotate the elements in the design file, but rather changes the
orientation of the selected view.
Working With Views
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Nov-08
For example, you can align a view to a specific design feature such as a roadway that lies at an
odd angle. This lets you work on that area of the file orthographically, or parallel to the screen,
rather than at an angle.
You can also rotate a view by pressing the Shift key and the middle mouse button and then
moving the mouse.
Exercise: Rotating a view
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Wards Views in the View

Groups dialog to open the Wards model.
Select the Rotate View view control, with the following tool setting:
Method: 2 Points
The status bar prompts you to define the first point.
AccuSnap to the end of any ward and enter a data point.
You are prompted to define the X-axis of the view
Nov-08
43
Working With Views
AccuSnap to the other end of the same ward.
Note the dynamic line that indicates the new view x-axis.
5
Enter a data point.
Although it may appear that the contents of the design are rotating to align with the
view, it is actually the view that is aligning to the x-axis defined by the data points.
Note that all other views are unaffected by this operation, remaining in their
orthogonal orientation
Note: You can also rotate a view entering the key-in RV=<angle> in the Key-in window, for
example, RV=90.
Now the view is rotated to an arbitrary angle. You can rotate it back to normal display with
Rotate View.
Exercise: Un-rotating the view
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Rotate View from the view

in which you are working, with the following tool setting:
Method: Unrotated
Working With Views
44
Nov-08
The view returns to its unrotated state. If there is more than one view open, you are
prompted to select a view. You can un-rotate as many open views as you want by
entering a data point in each.
2
Select File > Save Settings
Moving without changing magnification

The Pan View view control is used to move to a different part of a design without changing
the view magnification.
You can also Pan by pressing the middle mouse button once to pan and once to release the
pan command. Or, pan with the mouse by pressing the middle mouse button as you drag to a
new location in the file. To stop the panning, release the mouse button
Exercise: Pan View
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Pan View.

You are prompted to select a view.
Enter a data point on the left side of the view.
Move the pointer around the view.

To complete the pan, enter another data point when you have defined the desired
amount of panning.
Reset.
Stepping through view operations

The View Previous view control steps you backwards though your view operations, while
View Next steps you forward. This is similar to using undo to undo a drawing operation, but
there are separate undo buffers for views and drawing operations.
Exercise: View Previous and View Next
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, Zoom Out twice.
Select View Previous once.

The last Zoom Out operation reverses.
Select View Previous twice.

The results of the first Zoom Out operation are displayed, then the results of the last
Pan operation.
Now select the View Next view control.

You return to the results of the first Zoom Out.
Nov-08
45
Working With Views
View Attributes
Select File > Save Settings from the main menu bar so the view layout will be the same
the next time you enter the file.
Note: Drawing tools can be interrupted in order to change the magnification or contents in a
view. To return to the drawing tool after adjusting the view, simply reset. However, a reset
is not required if View Previous or View Next is used while using a drawing tool.
Scroll bars
You can add horizontal and vertical scroll bars to the right side and the bottom of view
windows. These scroll bars let you move horizontally or vertically in a design. They work
similar to the pan functions. To add them, select Window > Scroll Bars.
View Attributes
Use View Attributes to change the way you view a design by selecting the types of elements
that are displayed or how some elements appear. To open the View Attributes dialog, either
Select Settings > View Attributes
Click the first tool in the view toolbox
Click the icon at the left of a views title bar and select View Attributes
Press Ctrl + B.
Hint: Remember, press Ctrl + B for better viewing. When you do this, the dialog will open with
the view number set to the view window that has the focus.
Exercise: Changing the view attributes
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, click the arrow next to the View

Attributes tool in the view toolbox.
The View Attributes dialog contains settings that affect how, and if, certain types and
classes of elements display. Changes will be applied to the View Number that is set.
2
Note the view number at the top of the dialog. This is the view to which changes will
apply.
Click the Apply to open views icon if you want the changes to take effect in all open
views.
Working With Views
46
Nov-08
Saved Views
Click on the icon next to Fill.
Now only the boundaries display in the affected view. Use these options to turn off
items that may make a design difficult to see.
4
Move the pointer out of the dialog to close it.
Hint: View Attributes changes are changes that you can undo with View Previous or redo with
View Next.
Saved Views
A Saved View is another way to store view attributes, window size and position, the displayed
area of a design and other settings. Saved Views can be recalled anytime and are often used to
set up standardized views for plotting.
Exercise: Saving a specific view
Nov-08
Select File > Open from the main menu bar.
Click Up One Level in the Open dialog and open the \Sheets folder.
Open BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn.
Click the Saved Views tool in the Primary Tools toolbox.
Select the Window Area view control and window around the North arrow at the
lower right of the map.
Click Create Save View in the Saved Views dialog, and set the following:
47
Working With Views
Saved Views
Method: From View

View Type: Saved View
Name: northarrow
7
Enter a data point in the view.

The view is added to the list.
Select View Previous to return to the original view.
Apply Options
There are several parameters saved with a saved view. Window size, position, aspect ratio,
reference settings, levels, camera position, view attributes, clip volume. Set the Apply Options
when you apply a saved view to a view window to retain or discard parameters.
When the Window check box is enabled, setting the option menu to its right to Aspect Ratio
keeps the saved view proportionate. Selecting Size keeps it the same size, or a 1:1 ratio.
Selecting Size and Position keeps the exact size and position.
Enable View Attributes so that the saved views view attribute settings are maintained rather
than accepting those that are active in the view to which it is being attached.
The other options work the same way. If the check box is enabled the saved view will
maintain its own parameters as opposed to accepting those that are active in the view to
which it is being attached.
Exercise: Attaching the saved views
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, open View 2 and select Window > Tile
from the main menu bar.
In the Saved Views dialog, set View to 2.
In the Apply Options section, enable the Window check box and set the option to
Size and Position.
Double click on the northarrow saved view.

The saved view is attached to view 2 and the view window resizes so that it is the
same as it was when the saved view was created.
Working With Views
Select File > Save Settings.
Reopen the file.
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Nov-08
Saved Views
The view is the same as when you closed the file.

Saved Views can also be applied to a view using the Apply to Selected Views icon in the
dialog.
Hint: Predefining a series of saved views in a seed file is a good way to standardize commonly
used views. For instance, set up a standard view for plotting that defines the appropriate
displayable elements and view attributes.
The ability to control the elements on the screen is important. A clip volume is used to limit
the displayable area of a design using the boundaries of a closed shape. When clip volume is
applied to a selected view, only the content within the boundary element is displayed. Each of
MicroStations eight views can have a different clip volume.
Exercise: Using a clip volume
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, close View 2.
Maximize View 1.
Select the Clip Volume view control, with the following tool setting:
Apply Clip Volume by 2 Points: Enabled
Enter two diagonal data points anywhere in the file and note the results.
Only the area inside the clip element is visible. The clip element that bounds the area
is an element that can be moved or resized.
5
Expand the Clip Volume tool settings by clicking on the downward arrow at the
lower right.
This area lets you save a clip volume for future recall.
Exercise: Saving a clip volume
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, click Create Named Fence from Clip

Volume in the tool settings.
Replace Untitled with a name of your choice and press Enter.
49
Working With Views
Saved Views
This saves the area so that it can be recalled.

3
Double click on the named fence named Border (Border Boundary).

The view changes to show the border boundary view.
Working With Views
Double click on the new named fence.
In the tool settings, click Clear Clip Volume.
Select File > Save Settings from the main menu bar so the view layout will be the same
the next time you enter the file.
50
Nov-08
Module Review
Module Review
Mastery Exercise: Save the zoning legend as a saved view
Open \Sheets\BSI200-M03-Bikeway.dgn
Create a saved view named Legend, which contains the zoning legend.
Apply it to View 7 and make sure that it will display in View 7 when the file is closed
and reopened.
Close the file when you are done.
Questions
Nov-08
Name two ways to open and close view windows.
Which tool do you use to see all elements in a view window?
True or False: Window Area works with multiple views.
Name three things saved with a Saved View.
Name three ways to open the View Attributes dialog.
True or False: You can save a clip volume so that it can be recalled.
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Working With Views
Module Review
Answers
Working With Views
By selecting Window > Views > # or using the view toggles in View Groups dialog.
Fit View.
True. You can select the tool from one view window but apply the results to another.
Options are window size, position, aspect ratio, reference settings, levels, camera
position, view attributes, clip volume.
By selecting Settings > View Attributes, Selecting View Attributes from the Window
control menu, or pressing Ctrl + B
True. Save it as a named fence.
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Nov-08

Module Overview
AccuDraw is more than a precise way to input data. It lets you produce complex geometry
quickly in 2D and 3D.
Knowledge of MicroStations interface
Some knowledge about MicroStation design elements
Knowledge about viewing in MicroStation
Module Objectives
Nov-08
Draw with more accuracy and speed
Use AccuDraw shortcuts and interface components
Use the calculator to increase design accuracy
53
Questions
1
List the steps needed to use a MicroStation tool.
Name three element creation tools.
When do you use the tool settings window?
Answers
1
1. Set the correct level and any other element attributes that are necessary.
2. Select a tool.
5. Specify the location of the new element.
Place SmartLine, Place Circle, Place Block.
When you need to change the current tools operational parameters.
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Nov-08
AccuDraw Basics
AccuDraw Basics
In the simplest terms, AccuDraw is a MicroStation Development Language (MDL)
application. It does not create or manipulate elements or objects. It assists in their creation
and manipulation. AccuDraw is to MicroStation what the T-square and triangle were to
manual drafting. It improves quality and speed by reducing keystrokes and mouse clicks.
When drawing, you have graphic problems and are using a graphic application, but you are
traditionally taught numeric solutions. AccuDraw is the graphic solution to graphic problems.
AccuDraw has been designed to infer as much information as possible from your actions. If
the Place Block tool is selected, AccuDraw switches to a Rectangular, XY, coordinate system.
If Place Circle is selected, it switches to a Polar, distance/angle coordinate system.
Toggle AccuDraw using the AccuDraw icon in the Primary Tools toolbox.
AccuDraws interface components

When enabled, AccuDraw has two components, the AccuDraw window, which is docked at
the bottom of the application window, and the AccuDraw compass. These two interface
elements work with each other.
AccuDraw window and the AccuDraw compass in rectangular mode
The AccuDraw window has two modes that can be toggled using the space bar when
AccuDraw is active and has the focus. Rectangular mode lets you enter X and Y distances
from AccuDraws origin. Polar mode lets you enter the distance and angle from the origin.
The compass consists of three components that are visible in either Rectangular or Polar
mode.
Nov-08
The origin is the center of the compass and is always location 0,0 regardless of where the
compass is in the design (a relative origin).
The rectangle or circle is referred to as the drawing plane indicator and it shows you the
drawing plane that AccuDraw is on; Rectangular or Polar.
The heavier weight green and red ticks are AccuDraws axis markers and are completely
independent of both the drawing axis and the view axis.
55
AccuDraw Basics
The AccuDraw workflow

If you plan to use AccuDraw, you may need to change your workflow because, when enabled,
AccuDraw considers three things and changes its behavior accordingly.
First, it considers the active tool. For example, if the active tool is Place Block it will remain in
Rectangular mode, which is expressed as X and Y distances from its origin. If the selected
tool is Place Arc, AccuDraw will switch to Polar mode, which is expressed as distance and
angle.
Second, AccuDraw considers the location of the pointer with respect to its origin. As you
move the pointer around the compass, AccuDraw updates the X and Y values in the
AccuDraw windows key-in fields to reflect the distance the pointer is from its origin.
Finally, AccuDraw considers and interprets keyboard shortcuts. These are single or dual
character key-ins to drive its behavior. An example is using the space bar to toggle between
the Rectangular and Polar modes.
The mouse is one of the ways that AccuDraw infers information. When the mouse moves,
AccuDraw tracks the pointer's location in relationship to the AccuDraw compass. The
operational rules of AccuDraw are as follows.
1. Enter a data point to fix the location of the compass.
2. Move the pointer in the direction in which you wish to draw.
3. Without using the pointer to put focus into the AccuDraw windows key-in fields, enter
the desired distance value.
4. <Optional> Move in another direction.
5. <Optional> Enter another distance value.
6. Enter a data point to accept.
7. Repeat from step 2 to continue drawing.
The important thing to remember is that you move in the direction you wish to draw. You do
not need to consider whether you are moving in the X dimension or Y dimension.
You know the direction in which you need to draw by looking at your notes and plans. Focus
on the direction, not the X or Y dimension. The X and Y dimensions are useful, but when
drawing they should not be the focus.
The input focus

As you move the pointer, AccuDraw continually updates the field that is currently active in
the AccuDraw window. It is indicated by the highlighted field title. AccuDraws input focus
lets you enter values wherever the insertion bar is highlighted.
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Nov-08
AccuDraw Basics
If the pointers movement away from the previous data point includes a higher X value than
the Y value, the X field will have the input focus. If the pointers movement away from the
previous data point includes a higher Y value than the X value, the Y field will have the input
focus.
Move in the X direction and focus is in the X- field
Move in the Y direction and focus is in the Y- field
Once a field has input focus, the input field becomes auto-overwrite and auto-enter. You do
not have to highlight or click in the fields, or press the Enter key.
AccuDraw indexing
AccuDraw can index to axes, the origin, and the previous distance. The indexing feature
works like AccuSnap. When you get close to an indexing state, the pointer temporarily locks
on to that state. For example, when the pointer nears a 90 degree angle to the origin of the
compass it will index to that angle.
Exercise: Learning about AccuDraw Indexing

Project: Geospatial
Create a design file named accudraw.dgn, using the seed file GeospatialSeed.dgn, and
open it.
Set the following in the Attributes toolbox:

Level: Edge of Pavement
Nov-08
57
AccuDraw Basics
Color: 5
Style: 0
Weight: 2
4
Select Place SmartLine from the Tasks dialog (Q + 1).

Segment Type: Lines
Vertex Type: Sharp
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point to start the first vertex.
Not indexed to the axis
Indexed to the X-axis

Note Y=0
Move the pointer slowly toward the X-axis.

Once you are within 10 pixels, the line will move to, and stay on, the X-axis.
Move the pointer toward the Y-axis.
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Nov-08
AccuDraw Basics
Move the pointer near the AccuDraw origin.
Not indexed to the AccuDraw Origin
Indexed to the AccuDraw Origin. Note X & Y=0
10 Enter a data point and move perpendicular until you are close to the distance of the
first segment.
First segment drawn
Nov-08
59
Drawing with AccuDraw
Second segment shows previous distance with a short T-line.

Note distances are equal for both segments

Your next task is to draw the following object using AccuDraw and Place SmartLine.
You can calculate the missing dimensions from the information given
You will start at the lower left and move in a counter-clockwise direction.
Exercise: Basic drawing with AccuDraw
Continuing in accudraw.dgn, select Place SmartLine (Q + 1), with the following tool
setting:
Join Elements: Enabled
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point anywhere to start.
This is the first vertex of the element and the AccuDraw compass appears at the data
point location.
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Nov-08
Move the pointer to the right, lining up with the X-axis.
This is called indexing.

4
Without moving the pointer into the AccuDraw window, type 2000.
Enter a data point to accept the value.

Note that the compass moves to the last data point.
Nov-08
Move the pointer upward and line up with, or index to, the Y-axis.
61
Type 1500 and accept with a data point.
Move the pointer to the left and index to the X-axis.
Type 1000 and accept with a data point.
10 Move the pointer downward and index to the Y-axis.
62
Nov-08
11 Type 750 and enter a data point to accept.
12 Move the pointer to the left, index to the X-axis, type 1000, and accept with a data
point.
13 Move the pointer downward, index to the Y-axis, type 750, and accept with a data
point to close the shape.
Hint: Keep the mouse steady. If you move the mouse around too much, indexing will be lost.
Nov-08
63
AccuDraw Shortcuts
Locking coordinate values

When you enter a value from the keyboard, AccuDraw locks the current input field and
immediately affects the pointers motion because it knows you are entering coordinate data.
After entering the X value and
then moving in Y, you will lock
the X value. Note the letter
X is depressed
Note the additional index line
indicating the Y is not yet locked. Note
the letter Y is raised
After entering a value in the first field, move the pointer until the input focus changes to the
other field and you can enter the other value. The coordinates you have entered establish a
point for the placement of the element.
AccuDraw Shortcuts
AccuDraws behavior is influenced by the current tool, the location of the pointer and
keyboard shortcuts. AccuDraw anticipates your next move. Sometimes, however, you will
want to direct AccuDraw, so there are a variety of single and double character command
directives known as the shortcut key-ins. By pressing the appropriate key while focus is in the
AccuDraw window you can direct AccuDraw to perform a specific task.
These shortcuts only work when the AccuDraw window has the focus (is the active window).
When you select a tool, the focus does not go to the AccuDraw window.
Hint: When you enter a data point to start using the tool, then the focus will shift to the
AccuDraw window.
Note: Press ESC then the space bar to move the focus to the AccuDraw window.
To open a window showing a list of all AccuDraw shortcuts, press the ? key. This is the only
shortcut you need to memorize, since it will show you all the rest.
Exercise: Focus and the ? shortcut
Continuing in accudraw.dgn, select Place SmartLine (Q + 1).

Note that focus remains at home.
Press F11 to shift the focus to AccuDraw.
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Nov-08
AccuDraw Shortcuts
Press the ? key and expand the AccuDraw Shortcuts window.
Return focus to the AccuDraw window by pressing F11.
Press G then T, <GT>, to move focus to the tool settings window.
Note: The focus can be moved to the tool settings window by pressing F10.
Important shortcuts
Space Bar = Change display mode
The space bar toggles between Rectangular and Polar mode.
AccuDraw window in Rectangular, top, and Polar, bottom, modes
X = toggle X lock, Y = toggle Y lock

The <X> or <Y> keys can be selected at any time to lock or unlock the present X or Y
values when in Rectangular mode. A field is locked when its icon label is depressed.
D = toggle Distance lock, A = toggle Angle lock
<D> or <A> can be selected to lock or unlock the Distance or Angle values in Polar mode.
Enter = Smart Lock
Smart Lock will index to the closest axis and lock the opposite field value. For example, if the
X value is indexed, the Y value will be locked at 0. This lets you draw in one direction but
snap to objects in the other direction. In Polar mode, if Distance is active, the Angle will be
locked.
Nov-08
65
AccuDraw Shortcuts
Q = Quit
Press <Q> to quit AccuDraw.
V = View rotation
Press <V> to rotate the compass to align with the view axis. This is especially useful when
working with rotated views.
O = Set Origin
Pressing <O> moves the compass to the current pointer position or a tentative point. This is
very helpful when combined with AccuSnap.
Note: You can place the AccuDraw origin at a tentative point. By snapping to a point and then
pressing <O>, you can place the AccuDraw origin at that point. Do not accept the
tentative point, just tentative snap and press <O>. When using this technique it is
important NOT to accept the tentative snap.
RQ = Rotate Quick
<R><Q> temporarily changes the rotation of the compass to a user defined angle. Once a
data point has been entered, the compass resumes its normal orientation.
I = Intersect Snap
Activates Intersect snap mode.
C = Center Snap
Activates Center snap mode.
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Nov-08
AccuDraw Shortcuts
In the following exercise, you will place a rotated block at the same angle as an existing line.
You will draw the rotated block based on the line
Without using AccuDraw, you would measure the angle, create a construction line for the
offset distance, and then place the block. AccuDraw provides shortcuts such as the <O> and
<R><Q> shortcuts, which can save time.
Exercise: Use a series of AccuDraw shortcuts
Place a line at any angle. The length of the line is not important.
Select the Place Block tool from the Tasks dialog (W + 1).

Method: Orthogonal
Area: Solid
Fill Type: None
Nov-08
67
AccuDraw Shortcuts
Snap to the upper right end of the line and, with focus in the AccuDraw window,
press <O> for Origin. DO NOT enter a data point to accept the snap point.
AccuDraw Origin placed at snap point
Press <RQ> to Rotate Quick.
Rotate AccuDraw Axes command and tool setting from RQ
Note the prompt in the status bar.

The Rotate Quick shortcut requires you to define the X-axis.
Move the pointer towards the other end of the line and AccuSnap to the end. Enter a
data point at this location.
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Nov-08
AccuDraw Shortcuts
The compass has rotated to the angle of the line.
Note that you have returned to the Place Block tool.
10 Move the pointer along the X-axis and towards the right and index to the negative Xaxis, while keeping the Y value zero. Enter a value of 1000 units.
11 Accept with a data point.

Note that the direction, up and to the right, not the dimension, -X, is the important
thing to think about in the previous step.
You have now placed the first corner point of the block. It is rotated even though the
Method was set to Orthogonal.
12 Move in the X direction and enter a value of 750.
Nov-08
69
AccuDraw Shortcuts
13 Move in the Y direction and enter a value of 1000.
14 Enter a data point to accept the 750mm by 1000mm block.
Note: Remember that you want to establish direction, and then distance.
In the next exercise, you will draw an oval shaped element around an inner rectangle. The
only information you have is the minimum clearance distance from the rectangle.
70
Nov-08
AccuDraw Shortcuts
Exercise: Use more AccuDraw shortcuts
Continuing in accudraw.dgn, select the Place Block (W + 1), with the following tool
settings:
Method: Orthogonal
Area: Solid
Fill Type: None
Following the status bar prompt, place a vertical block of any size.

Read the status bar prompt and note that MicroStation requires a data point to define
the first vertex. The first vertex will be offset from the top right corner of the block.
Nov-08
Move the pointer to the top right corner until you see the AccuSnap X.
With the focus in the AccuDraw window, press <O> to move the AccuDraw
compass to this location.
Index along the X-axis and enter a distance that is appropriate for the current zoom
level.
71
AccuDraw Shortcuts
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point to place the first vertex of the
SmartLine.
Move the pointer downward and press <Enter> to lock the axis.
SmartLock indexed to the nearest axis and locked X at 0
Snap to the lower right corner of the block and enter a data point.
This establishes the length of the line segment.
Dashed line indicates that X is locked at 0
You graphically found the length of the rectangle.
72
Nov-08
AccuDraw Shortcuts
10 With focus in the AccuDraw window, press the <~> key to change the Segment
Type from Lines to Arcs.
The status bar indicates that you need to define the location of the arc center.
11 Move the pointer to the midpoint of the blocks lower edge and enter a data point
when you see the AccuSnap X.
This becomes the center of the arc.
Place arc center point
Next, you need to define the sweep angle of the arc.

12 Move the pointer clockwise and sweep through 180 degrees. Enter a data point to
accept the sweep.
AccuDraw indexing makes 90 degree increments easy to draw
Nov-08
73
AccuDraw Shortcuts
13 Press the <~> key to change the Segment Type to Lines.
14 Move the pointer up to the top of the view and press <Enter> to SmartLock.
15 Snap to the upper left corner of the rectangle and enter a data point to fix the length
of the line segment.
16 With focus on the AccuDraw window, press <~>to change the Segment Type to
Arc.
17 Following the status bar prompt, snap to the mid-point of the top of the rectangle.
18 Enter a data point to accept this as the location for the center of the arc.
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Nov-08
Pop-up Calculator
19 Move the pointer clockwise to draw the 180 degree arc and complete the oval.
Pop-up Calculator
The pop-up calculator lets you perform mathematical operations. Activated it by pressing +, , *, /, = in AccuDraw's key-in fields and fields such as Active Angle or Active Scale.
Invoking and using the pop-up calculator

You can invoke the pop-up calculator in two different modes. The first method applies the
mathematical expression to the existing value displayed in the field with focus. To activate this
mode, press either <+>,< ->, <*>, or </>.
The second mode is activated by the <=> key and replaces the existing value with the results
of a keyed in expression or calculation. In this mode, the result dynamically updates in the
Nov-08
75
Pop-up Calculator
original field, rather than having a field of its own in the pop-up. This feature is usually used
for expressions that are more complex.
Lets see how you might use MicroStations pop-up calculator in everyday drawing tasks.
Optional Exercise: Using the pop-up calculator
Continuing in accudraw.dgn, select Place SmartLine (Q + 1), with the following tool
setting:
Segment Type: Lines
Following the status bar prompt, put the first vertex anywhere in the view.
Index to the X-axis and press <Enter> to SmartLock.
Enter 1500.
Press the </> key to open the pop-up calculator in the division function.
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Nov-08
Pop-up Calculator
Type 7 into the calculator field.
The result is shown numerically and graphically
Enter a data point to accept the second vertex.
Index to the Y-axis.
Type 750.
10 Press the <*> key to open the pop-up calculator in the multiplication function.
Nov-08
77
Pop-up Calculator
11 Type 1.375 into the calculator field and accept the resulting value with a data point.
There are other uses for the pop-up calculator, such as finding a distance halfway between
two objects.
Optional Exercise: Use the pop-up calculator to find a distance
Place the first vertex anywhere.
Index to the X-axis and enter a second data point anywhere along the X-axis.
Draw another line below the first one.
Select the Place Circle tool from the Tasks dialog (E + 1), with the following tool
settings:
Method: Center
Area: Solid
Fill Type: None
You are prompted to enter the center point of the circle.
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Nov-08
Pop-up Calculator
AccuSnap to the right end of the upper line.
With focus in the AccuDraw window, press <O> to set the origin at the snap point.
Snap to the left end of the lower line.
Press the space bar to switch to Polar mode.

The Distance field displays the linear distance from the origin to the current location
of the pointer.
10 Press </> and type 2 in the calculator field.
This divides the distance by two.

11 Accept the circle center point with a data point.
Nov-08
79
Pop-up Calculator
12 Following the status bar prompt, type a radius of 100 and accept with a data point.
13 Select File > Close.
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Nov-08
Module Review
Module Review
Mastery Exercise: Use AccuDraw to create shapes
Draw the following figures using AccuDraw and the Place SmartLine tool.
Questions
Nov-08
What are the operational steps when using AccuDraw?
How do you place the AccuDraw compass at a snap point?
Name three AccuDraw shortcuts.
What are the shortcuts that open the Pop-up calculator?
81
Module Review
Answers
1
1. Enter a data point, either graphically or using precision input, to fix the location of
the compass.
2. Move the pointer in the direction in which you wish to draw.
3. Enter the desired distance value into the AccuDraw windows key-in fields.
Use AccuSnap or issue a manual tentative snap and use the AccuDraw shortcut O.
V, RQ, Enter, Space, O, I, N, C, etc.
+,-,*,/,=.
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Nov-08
Module Overview
Often, design work requires you to make changes to existing designs. The notes indicating
how to change these designs are often referred to as redlines. Redlining can include adding
new elements, or changing the appearance or location of existing ones.
Example of a redlined design
This module considers options and settings that you need to know about in order to create
designs, change them, and manage files.
Nov-08
Knowledge about AccuDraw
83
Module Objectives
Module Objectives
Set and change element attributes
Set file-wide settings
Undo and redo operations
Compress files
Questions
1
Name two ways to zoom to any location in a design.
Name two ways to fit all elements into a view when needed.
What tool lets you position view windows and save the arrangement?
Answers
1
Rotate the mouse wheel, or use the Window Area view control.
Double click mouse wheel, or use the Fit View view control.
Manage View Groups in the View Groups dialog.
Element Attributes
When placing new elements in a design file, they are assigned specific attributes that control
their appearance and display properties. These attributes are typically set prior to placing the
element in the design. They can also be changed later.
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Nov-08
Element Attributes
Common element attributes are Level, Color, Line Style, Weight, Transparency and Display
Priority. All of these are set in the Attributes toolbox.
Active color
The active color setting specifies the color with which new elements will be placed.
When you select the color tool in the Attributes toolbox you see a dialog that has three tabs;
Indexed, True Color and Color Book.
Indexed
True Color
Color Book
The first tab is the Indexed Color tab. It lets you select a color from a table of 256 colors.
Each color in the table can be modified, or you can change the available colors by
attaching a different color table to the design file. These colors are not named. They are
identified by number.
The second tab lets you select a color based upon true color values.
The third tab is the Color Book tab. There are four types of color books; Standard,
PANTONE, RAL and User Defined.
A fourth tab is available when using a tool that creates a closed element because they can
be filled with color. This tab becomes usable when the Fill Color option is set in a tools
tool settings.
Identifying an existing elements color

There are several ways to do this.
Exercise: Identify element color

Project: Geospatial
Nov-08
85
Element Attributes
Open \Designs\BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn.
Select the Wards Views view group in the View Groups dialog.
Click on a boundary in the file to select it.
Click the arrow at the bottom right of the Element Selection tool settings to expand
them.
Click the color tab.
The color, or colors, that are highlighted at the top of the tab are the selected
elements colors. Here, the boundaries are closed elements that are filled with color,
so two colors may be highlighted.
7
Click the Element Information tool in the Primary Tools tool bar.
On the General tab, you see the elements color on the Color line and its Fill color, if
any, is listed on the Fill line.
Use either method to find out about many of an elements attributes.
8
Close the Element Information dialog.
In the Element Selection tool settings, click Clear to release the element.
Active line style

The active line style setting specifies the line style with which new elements will be placed.
MicroStation has two classifications of line styles. There are eight standard line styles that are
numbered from 0-7 and there are custom, user defined, line styles.
The standard line styles range from solid to dot-dash combinations. These line styles are
cosmetic, and are defined in screen units. They do not change size when you Zoom In or
Zoom Out, so no scale is associated with them.
Custom line styles, for example, a line style that contains repeated text, are defined in
design units. These line styles are physical, and are scalable line styles. They get larger or
smaller when you Zoom In or Zoom Out.
In addition, there is support for DWG based line styles.
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Nov-08
Element Attributes
Active line weight

The active line weight setting specifies the line weight with which new elements will be
placed.
The active line weight is a value between 0 - 31 that is assigned to an element to define its
thickness. MicroStations line weights are defined in screen units, and remain static as the view
zoom factor changes.
Active element transparency

Transparency is also an element attribute that can be set for elements in the Attributes
toolbox, just like color, style, or weight.
Set transparency for elements from 0, fully visible, to 100, not visible. The display of
transparency in a view is controlled in the View Attributes dialog.
Active element display priority

Another element attribute that can be set in the Attributes toolbox is display priority.
Display priority is a pre-set value, between -500 and 500, that determines how an element is
displayed relative to other elements.
The elements with the highest values are placed in front while those with lower priorities are
placed in the back. Element priority is only available in 2D models. Priority is a 2D concept,
since the priority value corresponds to the Z value in a 3D model.
Filled elements
A filled element is an element that has color within its boundaries, as opposed to being
displayed as just an outline.
The Fill attribute applies only to closed elements such as circles, ellipses, and shapes. By
default, a closed element has lines that define the area occupied by the element and the area
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87
Element Attributes
inside the outline is transparent. A closed element is filled when the area within the outline is
a solid color.
Unfilled and Filled elements
Creating fill
The elements fill color is determined by the Fill Color set in the tool settings at time of an
elements placement.
The Fill Type option determines the kind of fill.
When an elements Fill Type is Opaque, you see a solid shape. In this case, the lines
defining the element are not discernible since the fill has the same color.
When an elements Fill Type is Outlined you can select a fill color that is different from
the outline color.
Controlling display
Toggle display of elements fill in the View Attributes dialog. You must select File > Save
Settings to preserve the status of fill display.
Exercise: Toggle fill display
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, press Ctrl + B.
Click the Fill icon, and then click the Apply to all open views icon at the top.
The background disappears.

3
Close the View Attributes dialog.
Level
You need to place the correct types of elements on the correct level, as determined by your
organizations CAD standards. For example, in a mapping environment the levels would be
named to describe common features such as city boundaries, lot lines, cemeteries, or block
lines. Elements that represent these features would then be placed on their respective levels.
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Nov-08
Element Attributes
Grouping elements together on properly named levels ensures proper element organization
within the file and eliminates unnecessary management issues in the future. Levels are the
basis of file management and are the starting point for all CAD standards.
The active level is the level on which new elements will be placed. You can change the active
level in the Attributes toolbox and in dialogs for working with levels.
Note: To retain the active level between sessions, select File > Save Settings before closing the file.
Exercise: Set the active level
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, click the Level Display tool in the

Primary Tools toolbox.
Like the View Attributes dialog, level display is per view. The view to which any
changes will be applied is in the dialogs title bar.
The active, or current, level is has a different background. Any new element you
place will be placed on the active level.
Change the Active Level by double clicking another level.

You see the level name change in the Attributes toolbox.
In the Level Display dialog, levels that have a dot in the Used column contain
elements. Those without dots are unused, levels.
Click the Used columns heading to sort the levels so that all the used levels are at the
top.
The display of elements residing on particular levels can be turned on and off so you
can see only the information you want to see. Turning the levels on or off only
changes the display status of the elements that reside on the selected levels.
Click the level Ward 4 boundary.

Display of elements on the level turns off.
Nov-08
Click the name again to turn display of elements on the level back on.
Click the level Ward 4-poll bndy to turn it off, and then turn the level back on.
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Element Attributes
Toggling the display of levels turns the elements on the on and off. Only the active
level cannot be turned off.
7
Close the Level Display dialog.
Hint: You can make a level whose elements you want to see the active level and then right click in
the list of levels and select All Off so you only see the desired elements.
Moving elements between levels

You may find that you dont always create elements on the right level, so you may spend time
moving elements between levels. Just as you might change a lines color or weight, you can
also change its assigned level.
Exercise: Move elements to another level
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, in the Level Display dialog, make

Ward 4-poll Shps the active level.
Right click in the list of levels and select All Off.
Select Element Selection (1), with the following tool settings:

Method: Block
Mode: Add
Drag a block around all the visible elements.
In the Attributes toolbox, select Ward 4 boundary to make it the active level.
Note: The name is in bold type because the level has elements on it.
All the selected elements are now on the level you just made active. You can change
color, weight, style, or any other attribute like this.
6
In the Element Selection tool settings, click Clear to release the elements.
Right click in the list of levels and select Invert.
Hint: You can also use the Level tab in the Element Selection tool settings to select elements on a
level and then make the level to which you want to move them active in the Attributes
toolbox.
Changing element attributes

The Change Element Attributes tool can be used to move elements to a different level. It can
also be used to change other element attributes.
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Nov-08
Element Attributes
In the following exercise, redline modifications require you to change symbology, including
the level, to consolidate wards.
Exercise: Change element attributes
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, in the expanded Element Selection

tool settings, click the Level tab.
Click on the level Ward 2 boundary.

It moves to the top of the tab and the elements are selected.
Select Change Element Attributes from the Main toolbox (5 + 1).

Level: Enabled and set to Ward 1 boundary
Color: Enabled and set to 200
Weight: Enabled and set to 3
Change Entire Element: Disabled
Nov-08
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point in the file to change the attributes.
Repeat the steps, selecting the levels Ward 2 poll Shps and Ward 2 poll bndy and
change the attributes for those levels.
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Element Attributes
ByLevel symbology
Rather than placing design elements with the active element attributes, you can place them
with symbology settings inherited from the level upon which they are placed. This is called
ByLevel Symbology.
When elements are placed with the ByLevel attributes and the level symbology definitions are
changed, the elements reflect the changes. These symbology settings are managed by an
administrator in the Level Manager dialog.
Placing elements in the design file with ByLevel symbology requires the active color, weight
and style to be set to ByLevel in the Attributes toolbox. To set the active color, weight or style
to ByLevel, select the ByLevel option when you click the attributes tool.
ByLevel options for color and weight
Element templates
An element template defines properties of elements. It stores multiple element properties.
You can set general properties such as level, color, line style, and line weight; closed element
properties such as area and fill color; and many other properties. Once an administrator sets
up templates, you can apply them to existing elements or use them to create elements.
The first tool in the Attributes toolbox is the Active Element Template tool. Selecting an
element template will activate the settings stored in the template. The tool tip shows you the
template that is active.
When attributes are set this way you have the ability to link the attributes to the elements that
are placed using them. If you do this the elements attributes will update if the template
definition is updated.
Exercise: Change the active attributes using an element template
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, take note of the attributes that are

currently active in the Attributes toolbox.
In the Attributes toolbox, click the arrow next to the Active Element Template tool.
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Element Attributes
Expand the Public Works template group by clicking the +.The available element
templates are listed in a hierarchy.
Click on the Collectors template.

The template is set and the active attributes change. All the settings necessary for
placing these type elements are set by selecting the template.
Make the railway template active.

The attributes change once again.
Using and locking element templates

There is an important difference between using and locking the active element template. In
both cases, elements will have properties that are defined in the template, but they will
eventually behave differently.
When you use the template by selecting one from the hierarchy tree, the active attribute
settings change to the properties defined in the template. When you place an element, the
element will have those attributes, but it is not locked, or linked, to the template. If the
template properties are changed, these elements will not change.
To lock a template, set the template by selecting one from the hierarchy tree, and then click
the Active Element Template tool so that it is depressed.
Elements placed now will update if the element template is updated. A locked template is
linked to the source definition of the template and changes if it changes.
Combining standards and tools

Administrators can create tools that are linked to element templates so that the appropriate
tool settings and attributes are used every time the tool is used. This is called a structured
workflow.
Nov-08
93
The Key-in Window
The Key-in Window

Key in refers to the act of typing a value or command from the keyboard. There is a key-in
interface available in MicroStation since some commands, like the one for backing up a file,
need to be entered from the keyboard. There is also a set of utilities that can be activated only
by key-in.
MicroStations Key-in window is not displayed by default, but can be opened from the
Utilities menu on the main menu bar by selecting Utilities > Key-in or you can select Help >
Key-in Browser. The window can be docked at the top or bottom of the screen.
With the focus in the Key-in window, typing PLACE CIRCLE then pressing Enter will
invoke the Place Circle by Center command.
Key-ins can be detailed enough to invoke a tool and set further tool settings. Typing in
PLACE CIRCLE EDGE CONSTRAINED invokes the Place Circle tool, setting the
placement method to Edge automatically.
MicroStations key-in language incorporates many of the same keywords as you would use to
enter commands in AutoCAD. Many of these key-ins have DWG as their first keyword. For
instance, to place a circle in MicroStation you can enter the MicroStation key-in PLACE
CIRCLE, or either of the AutoCAD key-ins DWG CIRCLE or \CIRCLE
You can use AutoCAD PGP file shortcuts, but you must begin them with a backslash ( \ ).
Note: When the focus is at Home, you can press Enter with the pointer anywhere in a view to
open the Key-in window at the pointer location.
Exercise: Toggle fill display
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, place the pointer in any view and

press Enter.
In the Key-in browsers input field, type the following:

set fill on
Press Enter.
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Nov-08
Working with Files
Click the Update View view control.
The fill returns.
Working with Files

Attributes settings affect individual elements placed in a design file. Some settings and
operations affect everything in the file, or the file itself.
Setting working units

MicroStation uses true working units that are based on the meter. All measurement
information is stored in the metric system and converted to other systems when requested.
The conversion is completed with 14 places of accuracy to the right of the decimal point.
You use units of measure for the design models, selecting the preferred units from a
collection of imperial and metric units. Changing units in a design model does not change the
physical size of the design geometry. It simply changes the display of measured distances to
the units of choice.
Working units are composed of Master Units (MU) and Sub Units (SU), for example, meters
and centimeters. Sub units must always be equal to, or smaller than, the master unit.
Working units, and how they are reported, are set in the Design File Settings dialog. Select
Settings > Design File, then the Working Units category.
Nov-08
The Master Unit and Sub Unit options are set by the system and can be edited by an
administrator.
The Format and Accuracy settings are used when displaying coordinates, distances, and
angles in the status bar and dialogs. Setting these does not affect the accuracy of
calculations, only the precision with which the results are displayed.
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Working with Files
The Format options establish which units are displayed. MU displays only the master
units. MU:SU displays both master and sub units.
Working Units
MU:SU and Distance
Feet / Inches
120:10 is 120 feet, 10 inches
Miles / Yards
26:385 is 26 miles, 385 yards
Meters /
Millimeters
5:25 is 5 meters, 25 millimeters
Millimeters /
Micrometers
0:500, or:500 is one half millimeter
For example, one and a half feet is 1.5 feet, or two meters and 750 millimeters is 2.75
meters.
Accuracy sets the number of decimal places, or fractional accuracy readout.
You can also change working units quickly in the Drawing Scale dialog. Select Settings >
Drawing Scale to open it.
Note: Any changes made in the Design File Settings and Drawing Scale dialogs must be saved by
selecting File > Save Settings.
Undo, Redo, and Delete

You can eliminate a design error by returning to the state in which the design existed before
you made it. The Undo command lets you reverse the last design or modification action.
MicroStation provides a sequential unlimited undo buffer that lets you recover from a
graphical mistake, such as drawing a line in the wrong location. There is no limit to the
number of undo operations you can perform within a design session. However, if the file is
closed or compressed, the undo buffer is cleared.
To undo the last design operation, press Ctrl + Z, select Undo from the Edit menu, or open
the Tools > Standard toolbox and click the Undo tool.
Standard toolbox
One way to address a mistake is to reverse it, another is to delete it. The Delete tool lets you
remove an element from the file. Click the tool; it has no tool settings, and then click the
element you want to delete.
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Nov-08
Module Review
Exercise: Undo the ward consolidation
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Edit > Undo or press Ctrl +

Z on the keyboard until Ward 2 is restored to its original attributes.
Compressing files
Compressing a design file reduces its size by purging empty and unused data resources. Select
File > Compress > Design to compress a file. Note that this clears the undo buffer, so you will
no longer be able to undo and redo.
Module Review
Questions
1
Name two of the different types of active color you can select.
True or False: Using Undo All, you can undo all changes made to a design during that
session.
True or False: MicroStation uses true working units.
What is an element template?
What is the difference between a locked and unlocked element template?
How do you lock an element template?
True or False: The Level Display dialogs controls apply only to all views.
What happens when you turn off display of a level?
Answers
Nov-08
Choices are Indexed, RGB, and color books.
True. Up to the limit of the undo buffer.
True. MicroStation uses true working units that are based on the meter. All
measurement information is stored in the metric system and converted to other
systems when requested.
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Module Review
An element template defines properties of elements. It stores multiple element

properties.
A locked template is linked to the source definition of the template and changes with
the source. An unlocked template is not linked to the source, but uses the source
definition once at element creation time.
To lock a template, set the template by selecting one from the hierarchy tree then
click the Active Element Template tool so that it is depressed.
False. Display can apply to all views or a single view.
Turning levels on or off changes the display status of the elements that reside on the
level.
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Nov-08

Module Overview
This module presents frequently used element creation tools and provides instructions for
their use when adding elements to your designs.
Knowledge about element attributes
Module Objectives
Nov-08
Add elements to designs
Determine which tool is best for a particular task
Apply knowledge about familiar tools to new tools
99
Before you begin this module, let's define what you already know:
Questions
1
What is snapping?
Name the steps for using a MicroStation tool.
How can you undo a drawing operation?
How do you index AccuDraw?
Answers
1
Snapping let you select specific points, such as an end point, mid point, center point
or intersection with precision.
2. Select a tool.
Press Ctrl + Z, select Edit > Undo, or select Undo from the Standard toolbox.
Move the pointer to the left or right, lining up with the X-axis or up or down lining
up with the Y-axis.
When you get close to an indexing state, the pointer temporarily locks on to that
state. For example, when the pointer nears a 90 degree angle to the origin of the
compass it will index to that angle.
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Nov-08
Creating Elements
Creating Elements
Most of the tools in the Tasks dialog add new elements to a model. Although elements may
vary, the placement tools generally use the same series of steps.
1. If necessary, adjust the element attribute settings.
2. Select a tool.
Linear Tasks
These tools are used to place linear elements. Open the Linear toolbox from the Tasks dialog
or by pressing Q when focus is at home.
The Place SmartLine tool

The most versatile of the linear tools is the Place SmartLine tool. Found in the Linear tasks,
use this tool to place a chain of connected line and arc segments as individual elements or as a
single line string, shape, circle, complex chain, or complex shape element. The Place
SmartLine tool lets you create up to six different element types.
Line, Line String, Shape, Arc, Complex chain, Complex shape
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101
Linear Tasks
The tool settings have options for controlling the appearance and placement of the
SmartLine.
Segment Type
Vertex Type
Lines
Places a linear element by defining start and end

points.
Arcs
Places an arc element by defining a start vertex, a

center point, and a sweep angle.
Sharp
Each vertex point is placed without further

modification.
Rounded
Each vertex point is placed as a fillet based on the

value of Rounding Radius.
Chamfered
Each vertex point is placed as a symmetric chamfer

based on the value of Chamfer Offset.
Rounding Radius
Used when the Vertex Type set to Rounded. Sets the arc radius for a
rounded vertex.
Chamfer Offset
Used when the Vertex Type set to Chamfered. Sets the distance required
to define a symmetric chamfer.
Join Elements
If off, places segments as individual elements.
A proposal has been submitted to extend a trail. You will use Place SmartLine to make
changes.
Exercise: Use Place SmartLine to extend the road

Project: Geospatial
Open \Drawings\BSI200-D01-Environmental.dgn.
Zoom In on the upper right of the map.
Set the following as active element attributes in the Attributes toolbox:
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Nov-08
Linear Tasks
Level: OFF RD UNDEV (press o on the keyboard to skip to o)

Color: 1
Line Style: 1
Line Weight: 3
5
Select Place SmartLine from the Tasks dialog (Q + 1).

Segment Type: Lines
Vertex Type: Rounded
Join Elements: Enabled
Following the status bar prompt, AccuSnap to snap to the end of the existing trail
and enter a data point to enter the first vertex.
Enter data points to continue the trail, snapping to the other side, as shown.
Enter a data point at the trails end.
10 Reset to complete.
If you move the pointer over the element, the pop-up information shows you that
the resulting element is a line.
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103
Circles Tasks
The next step is to draw a series of connected lines, which is called a line string. When Join
Elements is enabled in the Place SmartLine tool settings, another connected segment is
formed every time you enter a data point. The line string will extend a hiking trail.
Note: If you enter a data point and place an incorrect vertex, press Ctrl + Z or select Edit > Undo
and then resume entering data points.
Place Stream Line String

Use this tool to trace images when digitizing. You can define many vertices without entering
many individual data points.
To use it, select the tool, enter a data point to define the origin, and then move the pointer. A
stream of data points is entered without entering a data point. Reset to end the line string.
Construct Minimum Distance Line

Use this tool to construct a line between two elements at their closest points.
To use it, select the tool, enter a data point to identify the first element and then another to
identify the second element. Enter a data point to accept.
Circles Tasks
Use these tools to place ellipses, including circles and arcs. Open the Circles toolbox from the
Tasks dialog by pressing E when focus is at home.
The Place Arc tool

The Place Arc tool is used to place a circular arc in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise
direction. Draw arcs using one of four methods.
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Circles Tasks
Start, Center the arc is constructed by placing its start point, center point, then sweep
angle and direction.
Center, Start the arc is constructed by placing its center point, start point, then sweep
angle and direction.
Start, Mid, End the arc is constructed by placing three points defining its start point, a
second point on the arc, and its end point
Start, End, Mid the arc is constructed by placing three points defining its start point,
end point, and a third point on the arc
If an arc is constrained by a snap, such as Tangent or Perpendicular, and more than one result
is possible, MicroStation displays icons representing each possible result. In these cases, you
can use the pointer to select the required solution, or you can use the Solution options in the
tool settings to choose the desired result.
Exercise: Place arc by Start, Center
Select File > New from the main menu bar and create a new file named circles.dgn.
Select Place Arc from the Tasks dialog (E + 3).
Set the following tool setting:

Method: Start, Center
Identify the start of the arc by entering a data point.
Dashed circle shows the dynamic radius

Note the radius and start angle values in the tool settings
Following the status bar prompt, identify the arc center with a data point.
Sweep clockwise or counter-clockwise to identify the sweep angle.

Note the Length and Sweep Angle values in the tool settings.
Nov-08
Enter a data point to complete.
105
Circles Tasks
Exercise: Place arc by Center, Start
Continuing in circles.dgn, change the Method to Center, Start in the tool settings.
Following the status bar prompt, identify the center point with a data point.
With AccuDraw active, identify the start by indexing to the +Y and, in the Distance
field of the AccuDraw window, enter 50.
You can also enter the start angle and radius in the tool settings
Enter a data point to accept.
Enter -90 in the AccuDraw windows Angle field.
You can also enter a sweep angle in the tool settings
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Nov-08
Circles Tasks
Exercise: Other placement methods
Continuing in circles.dgn, change the Method to Start, Mid, End in the tool settings.
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point to identify the start of the arc.
Following the status bar prompt, identify a point along the arc with a data point.
Identify the arc end point with a data point.
Experiment with the last method, Start, End, Mid.
Precise element placement

All engineering drawing applications include tools to help a user select precise coordinate
locations in a design, such as the end point of a line or the center of a circle. This operation is
called snapping.
AccuSnap
As you have been working, you have seen pop-up information that displays. It is a feature of
AccuSnap. When this feature is on, and the pointer is near an element, AccuSnap displays
information about the element.
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Circles Tasks
With AccuSnap all you need to do is move the pointer close enough to the point to which you
wish to snap. AccuSnap moves to the snap point and stays there until you move the mouse
away. A successful snap using AccuSnap displays a bold, yellow X on the snap point.
AccuSnap settings
Select Settings > Snap > AccuSnap to open the AccuSnap Settings dialog. The dialog has three
tabs that contain options to control the behavior of AccuSnap. The following controls are
most useful.
Display Snap Icons controls the display of the current snap modes icon at the snap point.
If it is enabled, the icon will display.
Hilite Active Element highlights the active element as soon as the pointer is within the
range of the snap tolerance. This setting is off by default, so AccuSnap highlights the
active element only when a tentative snap point is displayed.
Identify Elements Automatically identifies elements automatically as you pass the pointer
over them.
When Pop-up Info is enabled and set to Automatic you will see the pop-up info
whenever you pause, or hover the pointer over an element.
The tentative snap

Entering a tentative point is the manual method for snapping to a location. You press the left
and right mouse buttons at the same time to enter a tentative point.
You know you have a successful manual tentative snap, an accurate tentative point, if the
element you are snapping to is highlighted and you see a cross hair.
The tentative point snap cross hair
The snap lock in the Settings > Snap > Full Locks dialog must be on so tentative points are
forced to snap to nearby elements.
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Circles Tasks
Snap modes
You snap to elements to locate the exact point at which you want to place an element, or
interact with the element. Snap modes help you get the point you want. The most common
snap is the Keypoint snap. It snaps to key points on an element, like the ends of a line or the
center of a circle.
With the Keypoint snap mode active, snap points are located using mathematically derived
key points. MicroStation uses a keypoint divisor to divide an element into equal parts. For
example, a divisor of 2 means that an element is divided into two equal parts, creating three
key points; the two end points and the mid point.
Snap modes can be accessed most easily from the Snap Mode button bar, which can be
opened by selecting Settings > Snaps > Button Bar or by clicking the snap mode icon in the
status bar and selecting Button Bar from the pop-up menu.
AccuSnap is enabled and Keypoint is the default snap mode
To set the default snap mode, double click on any available button.
Keypoint is the default snap, but Center is the override
To set a snap mode override for one operation only, single click any available button once.
The override snap mode overrides the default snap mode for one snap operation only. When
complete, MicroStation returns to the default snap mode.
You can set the default or override snap modes by clicking the status bar snap mode icon and
clicking the desired mode in the pop-up menu.
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Circles Tasks
A solid dot indicates the current snap mode, while an open dot indicates the default snap
mode has been overridden by this mode. The default snap mode can be changed by holding
down the Shift key while selecting a new snap mode from the pop-up menu.
The Place Circle tool

Circles can be placed using different methods. Since a circle is a closed object, it can be filled
with a solid color or a gradient of colors.
Exercise: Use the Place Circle tool with the Keypoint snap
Continuing in circles.dgn, select Place SmartLine (Q + 1) and place a horizontal line

5000 units long, using AccuDraw to help you.
Select Place Arc (E + 3), with the following tool settings:

Method: Start, Center
Radius: Enabled and set to 3000
Length: Enabled and set to 6000
Place the arc in the file.
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Circles Tasks
Select Settings > Snaps > Button Bar and pull the Snap Mode button bar to the bottom
of the application window. It will dock there.
Select Place Circle from the Tasks dialog (E + 1).

Method: Center
Area: Solid
Fill Type: Opaque
Diameter: check box enabled and set to 500
You are placing circles by their center point with a fixed diameter. This circle will be
solid, filled with the active color. To change the color, just click the arrow and select
another color.
Move the pointer to the end of the line and, when AccuSnap snaps, enter a data point
to place a circle at an end point.
Move the pointer over the line.

The next snap point is the other end.
Exercise: Continue with circles and the Keypoint snap
Continuing in circles.dgn, select Settings > Locks > Full.
In the Snap section of the dialog, change Divisor to 2 and press Enter.
The snap mode is Keypoint and this sets the divisor used to determine key points to
2. Different snaps can have different divisors.
3
Select Place Circle and move the pointer over the line.
You can now snap to the center of the line.
Nov-08
Move the pointer over the arc and place circles on its key points; reset when you are
done.
Select Place Circle (E + 1), with the following tool settings:
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Circles Tasks
Method: Edge
Fill Type: None
Diameter: Disabled
This type of circle requires 3 points to define it. The circle appears after you enter the
second point.
6
Follow the status bar prompts to identify three separate points and place a circle in
the design.
You can also place a circle by diameter. This method lets you use two data points to establish
the diameter dynamically. You can see the diameter in the tool settings next to the Diameter
check box.
Exercise: Using the Center and Intersection snap modes
Continuing in circles.dgn, click the Center snap icon in the Snap Mode button bar
once.
Select Place Circle (E + 1), with the following tool settings:

Method: Center
Area: Solid
Fill Type: Opaque
Diameter: check box enabled and set to 500
Move the pointer over the line, the arc, and the circle.
Note: If you enter a data point to place a circle, click the center snap icon again.
The center of each is located. The arc center is the center of the arc radius.
Select Place SmartLine.
Click the Center snap icon in the Snap Mode button bar once.
Place a line that intersects the center of the existing line.
Double click the Intersection snap icon in the Snap Mode button bar to set it as the
default snap mode.
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Nov-08
Polygons Tasks
Select Place Circle (E + 1).
Move the pointer over the intersecting lines.
The two intersecting lines are highlighted and one is dashed. The dashed element is
the one to which you will snap.
Polygons Tasks
These tools let you create a variety of planar shapes. Open the Polygons toolbox from the
Tasks dialog or by pressing W when focus is at home.
Place Block and Place Regular Polygon are the most useful of these tools as the Place
SmartLine tool can produce the same geometry as Place Shape and Place Orthogonal Shape.
Since polygons are closed elements, they can be filled with color, as shown.
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Polygons Tasks
In the next exercise the redline modifications require you to modify a golf club on an existing
map. You will add a 300m x 200m area, using the same attributes as the golf club area. Start at
the northeast corner. Align a 200m edge to the eastern edge of the Karwatha golf club.
Exercise: Open the file and rotate the view
Open \Sheets\BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn.
Zoom In to the area indicated.
Select Rotate View, with the following tool setting:

Method: 2 Points
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Nov-08
Polygons Tasks
Snap to the upper right corner of the golf club area and enter a data point.
Snap to the lower right corner and enter a data point.
The view rotates, aligned with the golf club area.
The Place Block tool

Place Block places a rectangular shape.
Using the Orthogonal method, the block is orthogonal to the view in which the first data
point is entered. Using the Rotated method, orientation is defined with a data point.
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Polygons Tasks
Exercise: Use Place Block to enlarge the golf club
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, place the pointer over the green golf club
area.
Press the Alt key and right click to open the Quick Info dialog.
Here you can see the elements attributes.
Move the pointer to close the dialog.
With the pointer over the golf club area, press Alt and left click to set the active
attributes to those of the element.
Note the change in the Attributes toolbox.
Select Place Block from the Tasks dialog (W + 1).

Method: Orthogonal
You see that the tool settings are set correctly from the match operation.
Following the status bar prompt, AccuSnap to the top left corner of the area shape
and enter a data point.
Move the pointer up along the Y-axis, enter 300 in the AccuDraw window, and enter
a data point.
Move the pointer to the right along the X-axis, enter 200, and enter a data point.
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Nov-08
Polygons Tasks
10 Accept with a data point.
11 Select Rotate View, with the following tool setting:

Method: Unrotated
Note: View Previous can also be used to return to the view to its original orientation.
Place Regular Polygon

This tool is used to place a regular polygon, a shape with equal length sides and equal angles
at each vertex. For example, a square is a four-sided regular polygon.
In the next exercise the redline modifications require you to add a school building.
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Polygons Tasks
Exercise: Placing a regular polygon to represent the school
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, select Place Regular Polygon from the

Tasks dialog (W + 4).

Method: Inscribed
Edges: 6
Radius: 0
Area: Solid
Fill Type: Opaque
Fill Color: 127

Level: Sch bldg-Sep
Color: 127
Style: 0
Weight: 0
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point to place the center point of the
regular polygon, as indicated.
As you move the pointer, the polygon spins.
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Nov-08
Complex Chains, Shapes and Regions
Rotate the polygon so that an edge is parallel with the street and size it so it fits in the
area.
Enter a data point to complete.

Some groupings in MicroStation, such as a set of selected elements, are temporary. Other
groupings are more persistent. The Groups toolbox contains tools that are used to create and
manipulate more permanent element groups.
Groups tools from the Main toolbox and the Groups toolbox
The Create Complex Shape tool

The Create Complex Shape tool is similar to Create Complex Chain, except that the resulting
element is closed rather than open. The same tool options are available for both tools, and
Create Complex Shape also has options for controlling the fill attributes of the closed shape.
In the next exercise the redline modifications show the conversion of an area outside the city
to a Commercial Fill zone by using the boundaries of the existing areas to create a complex
shape.
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Exercise: Create a complex shape
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, Fit View and then Zoom In to the area
indicated.

Level: County
Select Place SmartLine and draw a line closing the area.
Select Create Complex Shape (6 + 3), with the following tool settings:
Method: Automatic
Max Gap: 0.00
Area: Solid
Fill Type: Opaque
Fill Color: 78 from the color tab

Level: Com_ City - fill
Color: 78
Style: 0
Weight: 1
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Nov-08
Following the status bar prompt, select the line you just placed.
Accept with a data point.
Continue entering data points to add the next elements.
Enter a data point to complete the complex shape.
10 Fit View.
11 Select File > Save Settings.
With this tool, if a fork is encountered, press reset to cycle through the alternatives paths.
Enter a data point to accept when the desired path is highlighted.
The Complex Chain tool

Similar to the Create Complex Shape tool, use the Create Complex Chain tool to combine
existing elements into a continuous open ended element.
The Manual method requires you to identify each element you want to add with a data
point. The Automatic method uses the first element selected as a starting point and then
searches for subsequent elements, converting them into a complex chain.
The Max Gap field defines the maximum distance that can exist between elements so
they are found when the method is set to Automatic.
If enabled, Simplify Geometry creates a primitive line string rather than a complex chain.
The Create Region tool

Create Region creates a complex shape from two or more existing elements. It generates a
shape by comparing the relationship between the elements. You can create regions from the
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difference between elements, the intersection of elements, the area that is the union of
elements, or by identifying an enclosed area, by flood.
When Keep Original is enabled in the tool settings, you create a new shape and leave the
original elements in place. When disabled, the elements used as components in creating the
new shape are deleted.
In the next exercise the redline modifications require you to create a new park.
Exercise: Create a region to represent a park
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, Zoom In to the area indicated.
Place the pointer over Stenson park, press Alt and left click to match the attributes.
Select Create Region (6 + 4), with the following tool settings:

Method: Flood
Fill Type: Opaque
Fill Color: 142
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Nov-08
Cells
Ignore Interior Shapes: Enabled
Max Gap: 0.00

Text Margin: 0.0000
4
Enter a data point within the new park area, below Stenson park, as indicated.
The shape boundary highlights.

5
Enter another data point to accept the shape.
Cells
Cells are complex elements that group multiple elements permanently. You save these
groupings to represent symbols that are used often. You can then place them into designs
without recreating the symbol each time. Cells can be made up of any element or combination
of elements.
A specific series of steps is required to use cells in a design file. First, you must attach the file
in which the cells are saved, and then you can place the available cells.
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Cells
Exercise: Attach a cell library
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, select Element > Cells from the main
menu bar.
From the Cell Library dialogs File menu, select Attach File.
You can attach a single file containing cells or you can attach an entire folder that
contains files that have cells in them.
Select Geospatial.cel and click Open.

The cells in the library populate the dialog.
Placing cells in designs

The cell library is now attached to the design file. You can place any of the cells stored in this
library in the design using tools in the Cells toolbox. Open it from the Tasks dialog or by
pressing S when focus is at home.
Exercise: Placing a cell
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, Zoom In to the area indicated.
In the Cells dialog, click on the cell named Arena in the list of cells.
Note the preview of the cell.
Click the Placement button.

This makes the selected cell active.
Close the Cell Library dialog.
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Cells
Select Place Active Cell from the Tasks dialog (S + 1).

Active Angle: 0
X and Y Scale: 0.75
True Scale: Enabled
You can use the arrows next to the tool settings Active Angle field to set the angle to
predefined values.
Enter a data point below Hawley St. to place the cell.
Reset.
Note: You can also set the active cell using the key-in AC=<name of cell>.
Placing cells that already exist in a design

Use Select And Place Cell to identify a cell in the DGN file and place an additional instance of
that cell.
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Cells
Exercise: Place an additional cell
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, select Select And Place Cell from the
Tasks dialog (S + 3).

Active Angle: 0
X and Y Scale: 1.0
Enter a data point on the cell named SHOP at Landsdowne Place.
Hint: AccuSnaps pop-up information shows the name of a cell.

4
Enter a data point to the right of it to place a second instance.
Reset.
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Cells
True Scale
MicroStation uses working units to accommodate different systems of measurement. When
working units differ between files, the relationships must be determined and then cells scaled
accordingly.
When placing a cell that was created in a file that has different working units than the active
file, you can make the cell scale properly at the time of placement by enabling True Scale in
the tool settings. True Scale aligns the units in the cell, one to one, with the units in the active
design.
For example, if a cell was created using feet and inches, but the working units in the active file
are Metric, the cell will be the wrong size. True Scale reads the units in which the cell was
created and adjusts the scale based on the active designs working units.
Hint: It is a best practice to have True Scale on when placing cells. If there is any question,
consult your administrator.
Creating cells
When administrators create a cell, they define an origin for the cell. This is the location by
which the cell is placed. They also set the cell type; graphic, point, or menu.
Graphic cells
The color, line style, and line weight of a graphic cell are determined when it is created. A
graphic cell rotates when a view is rotated. A graphic cell is always placed using the color,
weight and style with which it was created. You can also snap to any element in the cell once
it has been placed.
Point cells
An active point is used as a reference, or monument, point in a design. It can consist of a cell
from the attached cell library, a text character, a symbol, or a line with no length.
Point cells take on the attributes that are active when the cell is placed. If color 6 is the active
color, the cell is placed using color 6, as well as the currently active line style, weight, and level.
A point cell includes only one point that you can snap to, the cells origin. Point cells do not
rotate when a view is rotated. A point cell can be especially useful for adding text that you
want to remain stationary to a design.
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Cells
To place a point cell, select the Place Active Point tool or select the Points task from the
Linear tasks.
To select a cell to place as a point, select a cell in the Cell Library dialog and click the Point
button. Use a place point tool from the Points tasks to place the point.
Note: A DGN file can also be attached as a cell library. Each model in the file that was created
with the Can be placed as a cell check box enabled will be listed as a cell in the Cell Library
dialog.
Exercise: Create a cell
Continuing in BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn, Fit View.
Select Element Selection, with the following tool settings:

Method: Block
Mode: Add
Select all of the items in the legend.
Select Define Cell Origin (S + 4).
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Cells
AccuSnap to the last entry in the legend and enter a data point.
A + symbol appears at the point selected as the origin.
Reset.
Each data point you place shifts the origin. Resetting ends the origin placement
command.
Click the Create button in the Cell Library dialog.
Enter the following in the Create New Cell dialog:

Name: Legend
Description: Map Legend
Type: Graphic
Click Create.
The new cell is created and available for use.
10 Close the Cell Library dialog.
Replacing cells
The Replace Cells tool (S + 7) replaces cells using a designated replacement, or updates cells
having the same name, using cells from the active cell library.
It places the origin of the new cell at the same location as the old one, maintaining the original
scale and rotation.
To update cells from the active cell library, select the tool and set the Method to Update in the
tool settings. Identify the cell to update and accept it. To replace cells individually or globally,
select the desired Mode and set the Method to Replace in the tool settings. Identify the cell to
replace, identify the replacement cell, and accept.
Line terminators
The Place Active Line Terminator tool (S + 6) places a cell at the end of the selected element,
rotating the cell to match the angle of the element. It is good for placing arrowheads.
To use it, select the cell, click the Terminate button in the Cell Library dialog, select the tool,
and then identify the element.
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Module Review
Note: Do not snap to the elements you want to terminate. The tool will find the end point.
Shared cells
The first time you place a cell with Use Shared Cells enabled in the Cell Library dialog, its
definition, the elements comprising the cell, are stored in the DGN file one time and if
additional instances of the cell are placed the definition is referenced. With an unshared cell,
its definition is stored in the DGN file each time the cell is placed.
A cell library does not need to be attached to place more instances of a shared cell. A shared
cell can have many instances in a DGN file, but has only one definition. This keeps the size of
the file smaller. When a shared cell instance is replaced using the Replace Cells tool, all
instances of the cell will be replaced.
Module Review
Mastery Exercise: Create elements
Create a new design file named elements.dgn, using GeospatialSeed.dgn, and open it.
Use AccuDraw and Place SmartLine to draw the following figure.
Use Place Block to draw the following figure.
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Module Review
Use Place Block and Place Circle and to create the following figure.
Use Place SmartLine, Place Circle, and snaps to draw the following figure.
Questions
Nov-08
True or False: An active creation tool can only be used to draw one object. To draw
two objects you must select the tool again.
Name an attribute that closed elements can have, which open ones cannot.
Why are Place Block and Place Regular Polygon the most useful of the Polygons
tools?
Name three methods you can use to create a region.
Name three snap modes.
How can you determine the name of a cell that is in a design?
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Module Review
Answers
1
False. Tools remain active until you choose another tool.
They can be filled.
The Place SmartLine tool can produce the same geometry as Place Shape and Place
Orthogonal Shape
Union, Difference, Intersection, and Flood.
Choices are Nearest, Keypoint, Midpoint, Origin, Center, Bisector, Intersection,

Tangent (Point), Perpendicular (Point), Parallel, Point On, Thru Point.
AccuSnaps pop-up information shows the name of a cell.
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Module Overview
Existing elements often need to be modified. You may need to move or copy them, or you
may need to extend or trim. MicroStation provides many tools to help you manipulate and
modify existing elements. You can group multiple elements for manipulation and
modification.
Knowledge about MicroStation tool usage
Module Objectives
Nov-08
Use manipulation and modification tools to change a design
Use Element Selection to work with multiple elements and obtain information about
those elements
Make measurements
Use patterns to add definition to elements
133
Questions
1
In the Level Display dialog, how can you tell which is the active level?
Name two ways to change the active level.
Which toolbox is used to select general usage element selection, manipulation, and
modification tools?
Answers
1
It is highlighted with a different color.
In the Attributes toolbox, or double click on the level name in the Level Manager or
Level Display dialog.
The Main toolbox.
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Basic Manipulation Tools

The tools in the Manipulate toolbox are used to copy, move, resize, and otherwise manipulate
entire elements. The Manipulate toolbox can be accessed from the Main toolbox or by
pressing 3 when the focus is at Home.
Manipulate tools from the Main toolbox and the Manipulate toolbox
In addition, several manipulation tools are available from the reset menu. The reset menu
option is defined during the first MicroStation session when you press the right mouse button
for the first time.
Changing element position

Move Element
The Move Element tool is used to move elements from one location in the model to another.
This tool requires two data points; one to select the element and a second to identify the new
location.
Align Edges
This tool provides an easy way to align elements to a common edge on another element. A
variety of tool settings are available to determine how to align the element and whether the
original elements should be copied. Status bar prompts provide instructions about the
selection order required to align the elements.
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Exercise: Align notes
In the File Open dialog, set the following:

Project: General
Open Text.dgn.
Select TextStyles Views in the View Groups dialog to open the TextStyles model.
The notes in the frame as aligned about an imaginary centerline. This will be changed
so they are aligned with the left edge of the top note.
4
Select Element Selection (1), with the following tool settings:

Method: Block
Mode: Add
Following the status bar prompt, place a block around the text strings below Title
text style (from DGNLib).
The elements highlight.

6
Select Align Elements by Edge (3 + 7), with the following tool settings:
Align: Left
Make Copy: Disabled
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Nov-08
Enter a data point on the text Title text style (from DGNLib).
This becomes the base element for the alignment.

8

The text strings align to the left.
Reset.
10 In the Element Selection tool settings, click Clear to release the elements.
Move to Contact
The Move to Contact tool is used to move one or more elements in a defined direction until
they make contact with another element.
To use it, select the tool and click the element you want to move. Enter a data point to define
the direction you want the element to move.
Rotate
The Rotate tool rotates one or more elements based upon options set in the tool settings. For
example, elements can be rotated about an active angle, or dynamically by either two or three
points. The elements can also be copied and rotated about their center, simultaneously.
To use it, select the tool and select a method. If the method is Active Angle, set the angle in
the input field. For any method, enter a data point on the element you want to rotate. Enter a
data point at the location you want to use as a pivot point. If you are using a by points
method, follow the status bar prompt to define the amount of rotation.
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Mirror
The Mirror tool is used to mirror selected elements about a horizontal, vertical or userdefined line. The tool settings offer additional options such as making a copy of the original
element and mirroring the elements about their own centers.
Mirror About Horizontal mirrors the element with respect to the X-axis. The mirrored
element changes vertically, top to bottom or bottom to top.
Mirror About Vertical mirrors the element with respect to the y-axis. The mirrored
element changes horizontally, left to right or right to left.
Mirror About Line mirrors the element around a user-defined axis. The mirrored element
changes around the defined axis line.
Mirror line
The Mirror tool also has an option to make copies.
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Scale
This tool scales selected elements by an active scale value, or interactively, when you enter
data points. You can make a copy of the original element during the process. You can scale an
element around its center point or the point at which you select it.
There is a padlock icon to the right of the X Scale and Y Scale fields in the tool settings. If the
padlock is unlocked, or open, you can adjust the X Scale and Y Scale factors independently of
each other. When the padlock is locked, or closed, adjusting one scale value will adjust the
other when you press Tab. The padlock can be locked and unlocked by clicking on it. Many
tools have this feature.
Exercise: Scale and copy the footer
Open Base Geometry.dgn.
Select Polygons Views in the View Groups dialog to open the Polygons model.
Select Scale (3 + 3), with the following tool settings:

Method: Active Scale
X & Y Scale: 0.5000
About Element Center: Enabled
Copies: Enabled and set to 1
Nov-08
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point on the first octagon in the second
row of elements.
139
Enter a data point to create a scaled copy.
The About Element Center option scales an element around its center point rather
than the point at which you selected the element.
6
Reset.
In the tool settings, disable About Element Center.
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point on the second octagon in the
second row of elements.
Move the pointer.
The copy moves dynamically.

10 Enter a data point to create a scaled copy.
11 Reset.
Copy
This tool requires one data point to select the element and a second one to define both the
distance and direction to copy. The Copies option in the tool settings lets you specify how
many copies to make. Using this method, one data point will result in multiple copies.
Hint: For precise placement, snap to specific points, such as a center point, on the original
element. AccuDraw can also be used to space the copies accurately.
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Nov-08
Exercise: Make multiple copies
Continuing in Base Geometry.dgn, select Copy Element (3 + 1), with the following
tool setting:
Copies: Enabled and set to 3.
Select the first block in the first row, and then enter a data point above it.
Fit View.
The space between the copies is determined by the distance between the original element and
second data point.
Move/Copy Parallel
Use this tool to move or copy an element parallel to the original.
Modes determine how the gap that is created when you move the element is filled. Miter
extends or shortens the elements segments. Rounded fills the gaps with arcs. Original
makes an exact copy.
You can enable the Keep Original option to retain the original element or disable it so
you just move the original.
When Use Active Attributes is enabled, the moved or copied element inherits the files
active color, weight and style attributes.
Exercise: Copy Parallel with the define distance option
Nov-08
Continuing in Base Geometry.dgn, select LinearElements Views in the View Groups

dialog to open the LinearElements model.
Select Move Parallel (3 + 9).
141
Click the Define Distance icon.

You will work with the geometry that is in the center of the bottom row.
Following the status bar prompt, snap to the top of the red line and enter a data
point.
Following the status bar prompt, snap to the bottom of the line and enter a data
point.
The measured distance appears in the tool settings Distance field.

6
Click at the end of the distance field so the cursor appears there, type /2, then press
Enter.
The pop-up calculator divides the displayed distance by a value of 2 and enters the
result in the distance field.
Select the upper arc and move the pointer downward.
Enter a data point.
Reset.
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Array
Construct Array creates multiple copies of elements and places them in rectangular, polar, or
path based patterns at regularly spaced intervals.
A rectangular array copies elements into a specified number of columns and rows. The
spacing between elements can be different for each direction. The amount of spacing is the
distance from the center of one element to the center of the next element.
Exercise: Place columns using a rectangular array
Continuing in Base Geometry.dgn, select Points Views in the View Groups dialog to
open that model.
Zoom Out.
Select Array (3 + 6), with the following tool settings:

Method: Rectangular
Active Angle: 0
Rows: 2
Columns: 2
Row Spacing: -30.00
Column Spacing: 50.00
Nov-08
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point on the arrow cell.
143
A polar array copies elements around a point, circle, or arc and the circular spacing of
elements is specified in degrees of rotation.
Exercise: Create a polar array
Continuing in Base Geometry.dgn, Points Views model, change the following tool
settings:
Method: Polar
Items: 12
Delta Angle: 30.00
Rotate Items: Disabled
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point on the single dot.
Set the arrays center point by indexing to the X-axis and entering 75 into the
AccuDraw window.
You see a preview of the center points of the arrayed elements.
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Nov-08
Working with Groups of Elements
The Rotate Items check box lets you rotate the elements around the center of the array.
Unrotated and rotated
Note: A pop-up calculator is built into the Delta Angle field. This would enable you to key in
360/12 to obtain the 30 degree delta angle.

Elements can be manipulated individually or in groups.
The Fence
One method of manipulating multiple elements is to gather them with a fence. This
temporary outline around the elements lets you manipulate them together. The Fence toolbox
can be accessed from the Main toolbox or by pressing 2 when the focus is at Home.
The Fence tools from the Main toolbox and the Fence toolbox
The Place Fence tool has a variety of options, including the type of fence to place, and
controls that determine which elements will be manipulated.
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Once a fence has been defined, it can be used with many tools by simply enabling the Use
Fence option in the tool settings. The Fence toolbox also contains tools that use a fence once
it is defined.
If there is a fence in a file, the fence will be used to process elements; the Use Fence option in
various tool settings will be enabled automatically. To dismiss a fence, select the Place Fence
tool again or
Exercise: Place a fence block
Continuing in Base Geometry.dgn, Points model, select Place Fence (2 + 1), with the
following tool settings:
Fence Type: Block
Fence Mode: Inside
This mode affects elements located within the fence boundary.
Following the status bar prompt, enter two diagonal data points to completely
surround the second row of graphics.
Select Copy Element (3 + 1), with the following tool settings:

Copies: 1
Use Fence: Enabled and set to Inside
Enter a data point inside the fence and another below the fenced area, and then reset.
Select Place Fence (2 + 1), with the following tool settings:

Fence Mode: Overlap
Following the status bar prompt, enter two diagonal data points overlapping the
copied elements.
Select Delete Fence Contents (2 + 4), with the following tool settings:
Fence Mode: Overlap
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Enter a data point.

Elements that are inside or touching the fence are deleted.
Hint: If, after placing a fence, but before selecting another tool, you decide the fence placement is
unsatisfactory, reset to begin placing it again.
Fence modes
The Fence Mode option determines whether elements or parts of elements are to be
processed by a manipulation tool such as Copy, Move, Rotate and Mirror.
Inside will process only those elements that are completely within the boundary of the
fence.
Overlap processes all elements that are either crossing (overlapping) the fence or
completely within the fence boundary.
Clip will process those elements that are completely within the fence, as well as the inside
portions of elements that cross or overlap the fence boundary.
Void processes only those elements that are completely outside of the fence boundary.
Void-Overlap will process those elements that are completely outside or overlapping the
fence boundary.
Void-Clip processes those elements that are completely outside the fence as well as the
outside portions of elements that cross or overlap the fence boundary.
Manipulate Fence Contents

This tool lets you manipulate the elements gathered by a fence. The Fence Mode can be set in
the tool settings. Remember though, you can simply enable the Use Fence option with most
all manipulation tools.
Stretch Element
This tool is in the Manipulate toolbox. It moves only those endpoints and vertices that lie
within a fence.
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This results in the element segments being extended to maintain geometric relationships.
Ellipses, circles, and cells remain unaffected unless they are completely inside the fence, in
which case they'll be moved.
Before and after stretching
The tool settings let you define a fence, which eliminates the need to place one in advance.
Using this tool, you could place a fence to include a window or door and move the feature
along a wall. You can also change the size of the feature by including only the start or end in
the fence.
Named Fences
When you place a fence with the Place Fence tool, you have the option of saving it as a named
fence. Named fences let you store and recall fences with names that you define. To see a list
of saved fences in the active model, expand the tool settings. Double click a name to activate
the fence.
When a named fence is selected, the fence element highlights. The fences are stored as regular
elements that can be manipulated with any of the modification tools.
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Note: If you delete a named fence, only the entry in the named fence list is deleted. The graphics
remain in the file. To delete the graphics, use the Delete Element tool.
Hint: Enable the Settings > Snaps > AccuSnap setting Enable For Fence Create so you can use
AccuSnap during fence placement.
The Element Selection tool

The Element Selection tool is used to select multiple elements for processing. When more
than one element is selected with this tool, it is referred to as a selection set.
You can select individual elements or multiple elements by using a block, shape, circle or line.
Clicking twice on the block, shape or circle method in tool settings will activate the overlap
mode. This selects elements inside the selection area and those the selection area touches.
The modes let you add or subtract elements. You can invert the selection set, selecting those
that are currently selected.
When you select an element using Element Selection, MicroStation displays edit handles at
the elements vertices. Handles are not shown when you select by dragging a rectangle or use
the Block, Shape, Circle, or Line selection methods. If the Disable Edit Handles icon on the
right is enabled, edit handles are not shown for any selected elements.
Reviewing and editing
Extended settings in the tool settings allow you to select elements by one or more attributes
such as level, color, line style, line weight, type, and class. For existing selection sets, the
attributes of the selected elements appear in a highlighted group at the top of each tab.
Top row, left to right: Element Type, Element Class and Element Template tabs
Bottom row, Level, Color, Style and Weight tabs
To add elements by attributes to an existing selection set, simply select an attribute that is not
highlighted. If an element exists with that attribute, it will be added to the set. To remove
elements with specific attributes from the current set, simply select the attribute from the
highlighted list at the top of each tab.
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Exercise: Selection by attributes

Project: Civil
Open \Designs\BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn.
Select Element Selection (1) and expand the tool settings.
Select the color tab.
Click on color 2.
All elements that are color 2 are selected.
Select the Level tab.

All the selected elements are on the level Survey Exist Trees.
Click on other tabs and note the attributes of the selected elements grouped at the
top.
Click Clear in the tool settings to clear the selection set.
Selecting edit handles

Enable Select Handles to show edit handles on the selected elements. This switch can be
activated after the elements have been added to the selection set. The Disable Handles icon
must be inactive to use Select Handles.
In the following exercise, redline modifications require you to enlarge a building.
Exercise: Select handles to enlarge a building
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, Zoom In on the building indicated.
Select Element Selection, with the following tool settings:

Method: Individual
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Mode: Add
Select the building.
Enable Select Handles in the tool settings by clicking the icon.
Press and hold the Ctrl key and click on each of the four handles on the left side of
the building.
The handles change color.

6
Drag one of the handles to the left to modify the shape.
Only the elements that are part of the secondary selection set are extended.
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Disable Select Handles.
Click Clear in the tool settings.
Hint: You can hold the Shift + Ctrl keys on the keyboard and then drag an overlap rectangle to
select elements.
Graphic groups
Graphic groups are collections of elements that can be manipulated together sometimes but
separately at other times.
When the Graphic Group lock is enabled, they are treated as a group. When the lock is
disabled, all elements are treated individually.
The Graphic Group lock can be toggled by clicking the lock icon on the right side of the
status bar and clicking Graphic Group.
The Groups toolbox can be accessed from the Main toolbox or by pressing 6 when the focus
is at Home.
The Groups tools from the Main toolbox and the Groups toolbox
Creating graphic groups

Use the Add to Graphic Group tool to do the following:
Create a graphic group.
Add elements to an existing graphic group.
Combine two or more existing graphic groups into a single graphic group.
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To use it, select the tool and follow the status bar prompts to add elements to the group. Turn
the Graphic Group lock on to work with the group and turn it off to work with the elements
individually.
Hint: Selection sets can be used to create graphic groups and named groups.
Named Groups
Named groups are the most flexible method for grouping elements. When an element is part
of a named group it is referred to as a member. Named group options allow you to define
how members will respond when manipulated or selected.
Exercise: Create a named group
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, Fit View.
Select Add to Graphic Group (6 + 5), with the following tool settings:
Named Group: Enabled
Click Create New Named Group in the tool settings.
In the Create Named Group dialog, enter the name Building Info.
The description is optional.
Leave the Select all members when any member selected check box disabled. If this
check box is enabled, when one element in the named group is selected using the
Element Selection tool, all members will be selected.
Click OK.
The named group is listed in the tool settings.
Exercise: Add members
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, set the following tool setting:

Member Type: Active
Nov-08
Select each building and accept with a data point.
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Click the magnifying glass in the tool settings to open the Named Groups dialog.
The group has two members
Elements can be added to a group individually, or the Element Selection tool can be
used to select multiple elements.
4
Select Element Selection, expand the tool settings, and select the Level tab.
Click on the level Survey Exist Driveway.

The driveway elements are selected.
In the Named groups dialog, highlight the Building Info group.
Click Add Elements.
In the tool settings, set the Member Type to Passive.
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point to add the selected elements to
the group.
10 Clear the selection set.

Member types
The Member Type options let you define how other members of the group are affected when
one member is selected or manipulated. When the Graphic Group lock is off, both active and
passive members can be operated on individually. When it is on, active members are operated
on as a group, but passive members are still operated on individually.
Exercise: Active and passive members
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, select Move from the Main toolbox (3 + 2).
Enter a data point on one of the buildings and move it.

The single building moves.
Reset.
Click the locks icon in the status bar, and turn the Graphic Group lock on.
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Making Measurements
Enter a data point on one of the buildings and move it.

All elements in the group move.
Reset.
Enter a data point on one of the driveway elements and move it.
This element moves independently, even though the Graphic Group lock is on,
because it is a passive member of the group.
Reset.
Undo all three move operations.
Making Measurements
MicroStations measuring tools function like other tools. You enter data points in response to
the status bar prompts. For accurate measuring, ensure that you use AccuSnap to snap to
elements.
Tools in the Measure toolbox allow you to determine distances between elements. The
Measure toolbox can be accessed from the Drawing task or by pressing D when the focus is
at Home.
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Making Measurements
Measuring distance
The Measure Distance tool is a general purpose tool that provides methods of measuring the
distance between points, the distance along an element, a perpendicular distance from a
selected element, or the minimum distance between two existing elements.
Exercise: Measure the distance between two points
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, select Measure Distance (D + 1).

Distance: Between Points
Following the status bar prompt, snap to the lower left corner of the lower building
and accept with a data point.
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Making Measurements
Following the status bar prompt, snap to the right corner of the lower edge and
accept with a data point.
The distance between points is reported in the status bar and in the tool settings.
5
Reset.
Hint: In the tool settings, double click on the resulting distance. Once highlighted, right click to
open the pop-up menu. Selecting Copy will place the distance on the system clipboard.
Alternatively, you can press Ctrl + C to copy the selected value to the clipboard. This
functionality is available throughout MicroStation.
To measure a distance along an element, select the Along Element option. MicroStation will
then calculate the distance between start and end points that are on the same element. The
resulting measurement can include curves, multiple angles and corners.
Exercise: Measure the distance along an element
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, select Measure Distance, with the following

tool settings:
Distance: Along Element
Following the status bar prompt, snap to one end of the flowline on the upper right
side of the design.
Accept with a data point.

Dynamic shading follows the element in the direction the pointer moved.
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Making Measurements
Following the status bar prompt, AccuSnap to the other end of the flowline.
Enter a data point.
Read the measured distance in the status bar or the tool settings.
This is the distance between the two points, as measured along the element.
Reset.
Another Measure Distance method is Minimum Between. Using this method, MicroStation
finds the shortest straight line distance between two selected elements. In addition, it displays
where the shortest distance occurs between the selected elements.
Measure Length
The Measure Length tool determines the total length of a selected element. The tool settings
will also show the angle and elevation of the selected element. To use it, select the element
you want to measure and then select the Measure Length tool.
Measure Radius and Measure Angle

These two tools make straightforward measurements when you select the elements to
measure.
Depending upon the type of element selected, the Measure Radius tool reports a variety of
radius and diameter measurements. For example, selecting an ellipse or elliptical arc, the tool
settings will show the measurements for the primary and secondary axes. To use it, select the
tool and then select the element you want to measure.
The Measure Angle Between Lines tool reports the resulting angle in both the status bar and
tool settings. To use it, select the tool and then select the elements you want to determine the
angle between.
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Making Measurements
Measure Area
The Measure Area tool includes options for several different calculations.
Set Method to Element to measure the total area enclosed within the perimeter of a closed
element. The Points method lets you dynamically define a closed polygon. The area within the
boundaries of the polygon will display in the status bar and tool settings.
Exercise: Measuring the area of the building
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Survey.dgn, select Measure Area (D + 5).

Method: Element
Area Unit: square ft
Enter a data point on the upper building.
The area and perimeter are reported in the tool settings.

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159
Using Patterns to Add Definition

Designs sometimes must designate specific areas, identify components or denote elevations.
You can use the patterning tools for this. The Patterns toolbox can be accessed from the
Drawing task or by pressing R when the focus is at Home.
Patterning adds material and texture to elements to help express a role or function. For
example, architectural wall sections might show insulation or concrete, while area on maps
may show marshes or woods. Patterning is a view attribute, which can be toggled on and off
in the View Attributes dialog.
Hatch Area
Hatching is the repetitive placement of lines at a specific angle and spacing. The tool provides
a variety of settings to control the appearance as well as placement of the hatch lines.
Pattern by single element, flood (enclosed area), union, intersection or difference between elements,
an area defined by entering points, or using a fence
Two useful methods of patterning are by element and flood. The Element method patterns
the interior of an identified element. The Flood method patterns the area enclosed by a set of
elements.
The Snappable Pattern option

The Snappable Pattern option in the patterning tools settings lets you use MicroStations
standard snap modes to snap to the resulting pattern elements.
In the following exercise, redline modifications require you to use Pattern tools to highlight
areas of interest in a map.
Exercise: Creating an area hatch pattern

Project: Geospatial
Open \Designs\BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn.
Select Wards Views in the View Groups dialog to open the Wards model.
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Set the active level to Ward 4-poll bndy.
Select Hatch Area (R + 1).

Mode: Element
Spacing: 100
Angle: 30
Enter a data point on a shape in ward 4 to identify it as the shape to be hatched.
When you identify the shape, it highlights.
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Enter a data point to accept the hatch pattern.
Reset.
Delete Pattern
Use Delete Pattern to delete patterning while restoring the original element components that
were used to create the pattern.
Exercise: Delete a pattern
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Delete Pattern (R + 8).
Move the pointer over a hatch line.
When it highlights, enter a data point.

The hatching is deleted.
Crosshatch Area
Use Crosshatch Area to place intersecting hatch lines. This tool offers the same tool settings
as the Hatch Area tool, with two additional fields to enter the spacing and angle of the second
set of hatch lines. Lock the lock icons to enter the same value for both fields.
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If the additional fields are left blank, MicroStation will place the second set of hatch lines
perpendicular to the first set.
Exercise: Creating an area Crosshatch pattern
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Crosshatch Area (R + 2).

Method: Flood
Spacing: 150 150 (enter 150 in the first field, lock the padlock, and press Enter)
Angle: -135 -45
The method you are using to identify the element to pattern this time is the Flood
method. This fills the enclosed area with pattern, like the flood fill tool common in
painting programs.
Nov-08
Enter a data point inside a shape in ward 4 to identify it as the shape to be

crosshatched.
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Associative patterning
The Associative Pattern setting for patterning tools creates patterns or hatches that are linked
to the original element geometry. If Method is set to Element, the hatching will update when
the original element is manipulated or modified.
Exercise: Create an associative pattern
Continuing in BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, select Modify Element from the

Main toolbox (7 + 1).
Enter a data point on a vertex of the crosshatched ward and move the pointer to
modify the vertex.
The pattern does not continue into the added area.
Undo twice.
Select Crosshatch Area and enable the Associative Pattern check box.
Enter a data point inside a shape in ward 4 to identify it as the shape to be

crosshatched.
Select Modify Element from the Main toolbox (7 + 1).
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Enter a data point on a vertex of the crosshatched and move the pointer to modify
the vertex.
Pattern Area
Pattern Area is the repetitive placement of a symbol to fill an area. The symbol used is a cell
element, which is simply a small drawing of a frequently used symbol.
Exercise: Pattern using a cell
Open \Sheets\BSI200-M02-City Small.dgn.
Set the active level to Park - City.
Select Pattern Area (R + 3), with the following tool settings:

Method: Flood
Pattern Definition: From Cell
Scale: 500
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True Scale: Enabled

Now you must select the cell to use.
5
Click the magnifying glass next to the Pattern field.
In the Cell Library dialog, select File > Attach File.
Select Geospatial.CEL from the \cell folder and click Open.
Scroll to the cell named Grass and click on it.

This cell is made up of elements that represent grass.
Click the Pattern button in the Active Cells section at the bottom of the Cell Library
dialog.
This allows the cell to be used with the Pattern Area tool.
10 Close the Cell Library dialog.

11 Enter a data point inside the area of Harper park.
The outline highlights.
12 Enter a second data point to accept the area pattern.
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Additional methods
There are four other methods to use when patterning elements. The icon resembles the
outcome of the operation. Click the desired icon, set the rest of the tool settings, and follow
the status bar prompts to pattern.
Union fills the total area inside multiple elements.
Intersection fills the intersecting area of multiple closed elements.
Difference fills the difference between multiple closed elements. The first element is the
one that is filled. The secondary elements are subtracted from the area of the first.
For these methods, you identify the elements involved with a data point. To select more
than two elements, press the Ctrl key and click the element.
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Module Review
Points fills an area that you define by entering data points.
A box drawn around the blocks
Module Review
Mastery Exercise: Work with existing elements
Create a new design file named elements.dgn, using the seed file GeospatialSeed.dgn,
and open it.
If you did this in a previous mastery exercise, you can reopen that file.
Use Place Block and one manipulation tool to create the following figures.
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Module Review
Measure the blocks to ensure that they are the right size.
Hint: Use the view control tools to adjust the view as necessary.
4
Use the blocks you created, a Manipulation tool, and a Patterns tool to create this
hatched area.
Questions
1
How can you copy multiple elements?
How can you copy an element multiple times?
What is a passive member of a Named Group?
Name two methods for using the Measure Distance tool.
Which method would you use to pattern an area made up of multiple elements?
Answers
Nov-08
Use Element Selection or fence to select them. Then use the Copy tool.
You can copy an element multiple times using the Copies option in the Copy tool
settings or you can leave Copies set to 1 and enter multiple data points.
It is a member that acts like part of the group when the graphic group lock is on, but
separate from the group when the lock is off.
Choices are Along Element, Minimum Between, Between Points and Perpendicular.
The Flood method fills the area enclosed by a set of elements.
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Module Review
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Nov-08

Module Overview
This module explains how to use MicroStations modification tools to edit existing geometry
accurately.
Some knowledge about MicroStation elements
Module Objectives
Nov-08
Modify existing element properties
Change element attributes
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Questions
1
True or False: You can make multiple copies with the Copy Element tool.
Which tool would you use to create the following pattern from an original element?
How many previous commands can you undo in a MicroStation session?
To place an AccuDraw compass on a snap point, which shortcut should you use?
How do you activate a view group, also known as a model, within a design file?
Answers
1
True. Copy has an option to make multiple copies.
Use Construct Array, Rectangular method, with a rotation of 45 degrees and 5 by 5

elements.
Unlimited to the extent of the undo buffer.
<O> for Set Origin.
In the View Groups dialog at the bottom left of the application window, select the
desired model name (Views) to activate that model.
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Basic Modification tools

There are several tools that can be used to modify the spatial geometry of existing elements.
The Modify toolbox can be accessed from the Main toolbox or by pressing 7 when the focus
is at Home.
The Modify tools from the Main toolbox and the Modify toolbox
Modify Element
Modify Element is an all-purpose modification tool that is used to change the spatial
coordinates of an elements geometry.
With this tool, you can do the following.
Move the end point of a line
Modify rounded segments of complex elements
Scale an arc while maintaining its sweep angle
Scale a block about the opposite vertex
Change a circle's radius or the length of one axis of an ellipse
The tool settings will change depending upon the element or vertex that is selected.
Exercise: Modifying lines and arcs

Project: Civil
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\Designs\BSI400-W01-Design.dgn.
Adjust the view so you can see the upper end of the roadway.
Select Modify Element (7 + 1).

Note that there are no tool settings available.
Enter a data point near the end of the centerline.
Move the pointer.

The end closest to the data point used to select the element will be modified. Since
this is a line, no tool settings are necessary to modify the end point to a new location.
All you need to do is enter a data point to relocate it.
Reset.
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The next part of the centerline is an arc. Click on it.
There are now tool settings available.

9
Move the pointer.

The arc can be moved in any direction, which causes the radius to change. The
Radius preserve Ends method modifies the arc by changing the radius, but keeps the
end points in the same place.
10 In the tool settings, change the method to Radius about Center and move the
pointer.
This modifies the arcs radius without changing the center point.
11 In the tool settings, change the method to Angle and move the pointer.
This modifies the arcs sweep angle.
12 Reset.
Exercise: Modifying polygons
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Design.dgn, select Place Block (W + 1) and draw a

block.
Enter a data point on the lower left vertex of the block.
175
You cannot only move the selected vertex to a new location, you can change the
vertex type, including the radius of a rounded vertex. There is an orthogonal check
box to maintain the vertex at right angles to the adjacent sides.
Rounded vertex
Reset.
Enter a data point on the top edge of the block and move the pointer.
Now you are only modifying the height or orientation of the block. Use AccuDraw
with this to maintain vertex angles.
Reset.
Hint: When used with AccuDraw, the Modify Element tool provides the greatest degree of
flexibility. For example, when selecting a circle AccuDraw switches to the Polar coordinate
system, the compass moves to the center and it aligns to the view axis.
Partial Delete
Partial Delete is used to remove unwanted portions of elements and has no options to alter its
operation. Instead, the operation varies slightly depending upon the type of element selected.
With linear elements, the first data point identifies both the element and start point for the
partial delete. The second data point identifies the end of the partial delete.
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On closed shapes, the first data point identifies the element and start of the partial delete,
while the second establishes the direction and end point of the partial delete.
Break Element
Break Element lets you break, or cut, an element at a defined point. To use it, select the tool
and identify the element at the point where the break is required. Enter a data point to accept.
Extend
Extend lets you dynamically adjust the end point of a linear element while maintaining its
direction.
To use it, select the tool and set the tool settings. Enable Distance and set it to a negative
value to shorten the line or a positive value to extend it. If you use From End, the extension
or shortening happens to the end nearest the identification point. Follow the status bar
prompts.
Extend Elements to Intersection

This tool is used to extend or shorten lines, line strings or arcs to their intersection with
another element. Depending upon the element geometry, one or both of the elements can be
modified to create the necessary intersection.
To use it, select the tool, identify the first element, identify the second element, and then
accept the modification.
Extend Element to Intersection

This tool is used to extend or shorten lines, line strings or arcs to their intersection with
another element. Depending upon the existing geometry, the selected element will be
modified to create the necessary intersection.
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In the following exercise, redline modifications require you to modify the roadway to a survey
line.
Exercise: Use other element modifiers
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Design.dgn, set the following in the Attributes toolbox:

Level: Survey Border
Weight: 4
Snap to the end of the upper right of way, and then the lower end of the right of way
to place a line.
Reset.
Select Move Parallel from the Main toolbox (3 + 9), with the following tool settings:
Keep Original: Disabled
Distance: Enabled and set to 150
Enter a data point to move the line.
Select Modify Element (7 + 1)
Modify the ends of both right of way lines to the ends of the survey line.
Select Extend Element to Intersection (7 + 6).
10 Click one of the remaining lines, and then click the survey line to extend the line.
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11 Repeat to extend all the lines.
This method works, but there are easier ways to extend or shorten multiple elements.
Trim Elements
Use this tool to remove unwanted portions of elements to their intersection with a cutting
element.
To use it, select the element at which you want the other elements to end. This is the cutting
element. Now, following the status bar prompts, select each element you want to trim.
IntelliTrim
IntelliTrim is used to trim, extend or cut multiple elements. The trim and extend options
require you to select a destination element, while the cut option requires a cutting line to be
defined.
Quick and Advanced modes

IntelliTrim works in two modes. In the Quick mode, you identify a single cutting element
followed by selection of elements to be trimmed.
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Changing Element Attributes
Exercise: Trim multiple elements
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Design.dgn, press Ctrl + Z until all the lines you

extended are undone. Leave the right of way lines you modified extended.
Select IntelliTrim (7 + 8), with the following tool settings:

Mode: Quick
Operation: Extend
Enter a data point on the survey line.

This is the element to which you want to extend the other elements.
Enter a data point to the left of the lines you want to extend, and drag a line across
them.
All lines extend.

The Advanced mode provides additional options that allow you to select either multiple
cutting elements or multiple trim elements. If elements are already part of a selection set, you
decide whether the selected elements are the elements to trim or the cutting elements.

Using Element Selection
Resizing elements
A quick way to resize an element is to modify the location of the edit handles the Element
Selection tool places on elements. To do so, do the following.
1. Select the element using the Element Selection tool.
2. Select a handle and drag to a different location.
3. Enter a data point when the element is the correct size.
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Hint: To constrain the existing angles and preserve geometric relationships, press Alt on the
keyboard while dragging the handle.
Changing attributes
Select the element or elements and then set new attributes in the Attributes toolbox. All
selected elements will inherit the new attributes.
Exercise: Change selected element attributes
Continuing in BSI400-W01-Design.dgn, select Element Selection (1), with the

Mode: Line
Method: Add
Drag a line across all the roadway lines.
In the Attributes toolbox, set the following:

Color: 1
Style: 0
The element attributes are changed.
Click Clear in the Element Selection tool settings.
Undo twice the changes.
To change an active attribute to match the property of a selected element, drag the element
into the Attributes toolbox and drop it on the corresponding icon. For example, to set the
active line weight to match an existing element, use the Element Selection tool to select the
element, then drag it to the Active Line Weight icon in the Attributes toolbox and drop it.
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Element Information
This dialog is used to review or modify the properties of an element, such as its type,
attributes, or even its geometry.
The selected element, or elements, are listed in the top frame. Tabs appear in the bottom
frame and change depending on the type of element you select. Information displayed on
each of these tabs pertains to the element whose list entry is selected in the top frame. If you
select the <Selection> entry, any changes made in the dialog will apply to all the selected
elements.
Exercise: Change element attributes using Element Information
Open \Designs\BSI400-W01-Contours.dgn.
Expand the Element Selection tool settings, and select the Level tab.
Scroll to and select the level Survey Exist Contour Minor.
Click the Element Information tool in the Primary Tools toolbox.
On the General tab of the Element Information dialog, click in the field next to
Weight, where weight 2 is displayed.
Click the arrow and change the weight to 0.
Close the dialog.
Click Clear in the Element Selection tool settings.

The line weight of the contours is changed.
Note: If a field and its setting are grayed out in the Element Information dialog, the value is readonly and cannot be modified.
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Change Attributes toolbox

The Change Attributes toolbox can be accessed from the Main toolbox, or by pressing 5
when the focus is at Home.
The Change Attributes tools from the Main toolbox and the Change Attributes task
Change Attributes
Use the Change Attributes tool (5 + 1) to specify the new element attribute settings. It is
useful if you need to make repetitive changes to many different elements. To use it, select the
tool, enable the check box for each attribute you want to change, identify the element, and
then accept the change.
If Use Active Attributes is enabled, the active attributes will change when you change or
match attribute settings. By default, this is disabled so that the active attributes are not
affected.
Match Element Attributes

To set the active element attributes so they match those of an element in the design, you can
use the Match Element Attributes tool (5 + 6). To use it, select the tool, enable the check
boxes for the attributes you want to match, and then click the element.
Note: If an attribute is set to ByLevel, you must enable the Level check box to get a match.
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Module Review
SmartMatch
Match All Element Settings, or SmartMatch (5 + 7), is used to change all active element
attribute settings, including those specific to particular element types, so that they match the
attributes of a selected element. To use it, just select the element, and then select the tool.
Module Review
Mastery Exercise: Create elements and modify them
Create a new design file named modify.dgn, using the seed file CivilSeed.dgn, and
open it.
Use Place SmartLine and Copy Parallel to create an arrangement similar to the
following.
Use a Modify tool to create the following from those lines.
Use Place SmartLine, Place Arc, and AccuDraw to draw an arc the size indicated and
a line.
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Module Review
Use a Modify tool to modify the arc to the size indicated, and as shown.
Questions
1
What are the different ways you can you modify an arc?
Name two element types on which you can use the Extend Element tool.
Describe the functionality of the Trim Element tool.
What tool would you use to complete the following modification?
Answers
Nov-08
Relocate the arc endpoints, move the arc radius preserving endpoints, modify the arc
angle.
Choices are line, line string, arc.
You identify the element to trim and then the elements you want to trim.
Delete Part of Element; partial delete.
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Module Review
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Nov-08
Annotating Designs
Module Overview
MicroStation has a variety of tools with which you can annotate the geometry in your designs.
You can place single or multi line text, dimensions, and revision clouds.
This module will help you understand how to annotate existing designs, use many of
MicroStations annotation tools, and comply with text and dimension standards.
Module Objectives
Nov-08
Set text attributes
Use text tools to place text
Correctly dimension elements
Place revision clouds
Add text containing informative fields
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Annotating Designs
Questions
1
What happens when you turn off display of a level?
Name the steps for using a MicroStation tool.
Answers
1
Turning levels on or off changes the display status of the elements that reside on the
level.
2. Select a tool.
Text Attributes
Text elements are useful for including labels other than dimensions in a design. As an
element, text is unique in that it has two distinct sets of attributes. There are element
attributes such as color and text attributes such as font, slant, and justification.
Fonts
Fonts that are used to define the typeface of text elements are stored in external files that are
referenced by MicroStation. This helps with the management of fonts and helps to keep
design file size reasonable. MicroStation can use and display TrueType fonts, MicroStation
fonts, and AutoCAD SHX fonts.
Justification
As with most other elements, text is positioned in the model with a data point, which in this
case, is referred to as the origin, or insertion point.
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Using Text Tools
The way the text is aligned about the origin is controlled by the texts justification.
Single and multi-line text

Justifications are Left Top, Center, and Right Bottom
Text size
Text size is determined by its height and width, which can be different values.
Line spacing
Line Spacing is the distance between individual lines of text in multi-line text. This value also
specifies the distance text is placed away from an element when the placement method is set
to Above, Below, or Along. Line spacing is commonly set to 1/2 to 2/3 of the text height.
Setting attributes
You can set the text attributes that you want in the tool settings at the time of placement, or
they can be set using a text style. A text style is a named collection of text attributes that is
created by an administrator.
Using Text Tools

The Text toolbox can be accessed from the Drawing task, or by pressing A when the focus is
at Home.
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Using Text Tools
Place text
The most common tool for placing text is Place Text.
Exercise: Invoke the Place Text tool

Project: Building
Open \Drawings\BSI300-Elevations.dgn.
Select Place Text (A + 1).

The word processor text editor appears.
The word processor text editor opens when you select a text placement or editing tool. Input
from the letter keys and arrow keys on the keyboard is treated as text input until you press the
Esc key, select another tool, or click the Key-in window.
MicroStations word processor operates like any other text editor. You can set a variety of
attributes such as bold, italics, and underline by either clicking the appropriate icon or using
standard keyboard shortcuts such as Ctrl + B, Ctrl + I and Ctrl + U.
Text can be copied and pasted from other applications into the word processor and all
formatting will be retained.
Hint: The word processor will also open if you double click on a text string with the Element
Selection tool.
The color and other attributes of text are set by a text style if one is selected in the tool
settings. When you are not using a text style, text will be placed using the color that is active in
the word processor text editor and the settings set in the tool settings.
Placement methods
There are different methods by which you can place text. By Origin lets you place the text in a
drawing using the location of the justification setting and a data point you enter. By Origin
places text at the angle that is active in the file (Active Angle) and using the active text settings
Exercise: Placing text By Origin
Annotating Designs
Continuing in BSI300-Elevations.dgn, click the Expand arrow in the Place Text tool
settings to see additional settings.
Set the following, leaving any default settings as they are:
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Using Text Tools
Method: By Origin
Text Style: Style (none)
Height: 18 (use the padlock)
Width: 18
Font: scroll up to 41 ARCHITECTURAL (Bentley font)
3
Type the following into the text editor:

East Elevation
Note that the text is attached to the pointer by the upper left corner. This is a result
of the Left Top justification setting.
Enter a data point under the elevation to label it, and then reset.
Select North Elevation Views in the View Groups dialog to open the North
Elevation model.
Type the following into the text editor:

North
Press Enter to start a second line of text and type the following:
Elevation
A single line of text is a text element, while multi-line text is referred to as a text
node. Text nodes are complex elements, like cells, which means that they are made up
of multiple elements.
Nov-08
Change the following tool setting:
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Using Text Tools
Justification: Center Center

Line Spacing: 1.00
The text is now attached to the pointer at the exact center.
9
Enter a data point under the elevation to label it, and then reset.
Other placement options
Fitted text is stretched to fit between two data points that you enter. The vertical
alignment of the text is determined by the justification setting.
Once View Independent text is placed, it stays at the same orientation regardless of how
you rotate a view.
Fitted V(iew) I(ndependent) combines fitted and view independent features.
Above/Below Element places text above or below an element.
On Element places text on an element.
Along Element places text along an element, either above or below it. Each character is
placed as a single text element that is a component of a graphic group.
Word Wrap lets you define a block and contains text within the box. If a word is exceeds
the limit of the box, the word drops to the next line.
Exercise: Use the Below Element method
Continuing in BSI300-Elevations.dgn, select South Elevation Views in the View

Groups dialog to open the South Elevation model
Type the following in the Word Processor:

South Elevation
Change the following in the tool settings:

Method: Below Element
Enter a data point on the bottom of the elevation.

The name is placed under the building.
Reset.
The distance that text is placed from the identified element when using the Above, Below,
On, and Along methods depends on the Line Spacing setting. The larger the value, the
further away from the element the text is placed.
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Using Text Tools
Annotation scale
This defines the scale for text and dimensioning in a file. When you specify an annotation
scale, the text you are placing is scaled by that amount. Administrators will usually create text
styles at a scale of 1 to 1 for plotting. Then you enable the Annotation Scale lock when
placing the text in a file so that it appears the correct size.
If you were creating a 1m = 200m scale design, any text that you place would have to be 200
times bigger than normal so that it looks correct. With Annotation Scale set to 200:1, you do
not have to worry about calculating the size of the text.
Exercise: Annotation scale
Continuing in BSI300-Elevations.dgn, note the Place Text tool settings.

The Annotation Scale lock was on when you placed text previously.
In the tool settings, disable the Annotation Scale lock by clicking the icon.
Annotation Scale lock enabled in the first image and disabled in the second
The text South Elevation remains in the Word Processor.

3
Change the following tool setting:

Method: By Origin
Enter a data point to place the text in the file.

It is so small that you cannot see it. The scale of this model is 1:100. You need to
scale 1:1 text up 100 times, so that it looks correct.
Select Scale (3 + 3), with the following tool settings:

X and Y Scale: 100
Click the text you just placed, and enter a data point to scale it.
It now appears correct. It is easier to use the Annotation Scale lock so that text is
placed at the correct size.
Nov-08
Select Place Text (A + 1) and turn the Annotation Scale lock back on.
Delete the scaled text.
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Using Text Tools
Place Note
This tool is used to place text with leader lines and arrows, as well as callouts without leaders.
Tool settings control both the appearance and placement of the notes.
To use it, select the tool, and select the Place Note icon in the tool settings. Type the note text
you want to place in the word processor. If there is no text entered, only the leader line and
arrow are placed. Enter a data point to position the terminator arrowhead. Enter a data point.
If Location is set to Automatic or Semi-Automatic, this data point indicates the location
of the end of the leader line and text, and ends the note.
If Location is set to Manual, you can enter more data points to define additional vertices
of the leader line. Reset to end the note.
Text frame options in the first column, leader types bottom center, and text rotation options last column
To place a callout, select the Place Callout icon in the tool settings, set any additional tool
settings, type the text in the word processor, and enter a data point to place the callout.
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Nov-08
Using Text Tools
Enter data fields

Enter data fields are empty text place holders that are positioned in the file, but filled with text
characters later. Each enter data field is placed with a full set of text attributes that will be
applied to the text characters upon entry into the data field.
The default character used to represent a data field is an underbar ( _ ) and each underbar is a
placeholder for a single character of text. Select Place Text, enter any text you want and then
an underbar for each enter data field you want.
Enter data fields will display as underbars unless the Data Fields option is disabled in the
View Attributes dialog. When this toggle is disabled, the enter data fields will not display but
can still be used with the following specialized tools.
Nov-08
Fill In Single Enter Data Field is used to select and fill in an enter data field.
The selected enter data field can either be empty or contain text. To fill one, select the
tool and then click the text containing the field. In the Text Editor, enter the text you
want to fill the fields with, and then enter a data point. Reset.
Auto Fill In Enter Data Fields is a useful tool to fill in empty enter data fields in a selected
view.
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Using Text Tools
When selected, MicroStation cycles through each enter data field in a view and selects
them in the order in which they were created. Select the tool, enter a data point in the
desired view, then enter the text in the Text Editor and press Enter.
Copy/Increment Text
Use Copy/Increment Text to copy an existing text string that contains numbers.
As MicroStation creates each copy, the number is incremented according to the Tag
Increment value defined in the tool settings. Click the tool, click the text, and each data point
places an incremented copy.
RM101 copied with an increment of 10
Find/Replace Text
Located on the Edit menu, Find/Replace Text enables you to search for all, or portions of, a
specific text string in either a DGN or DWG file. Once the text is found, it can be replaced
with a different string. You can replace single instances, those within a fence, or all instances.
To use Find/Replace Text, select Edit > Find/Replace Text. The options in the Replace Text
dialog work just like those of most Windows applications Find and Replace text functions.
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Nov-08
Changing Existing Text

Rather than replacing text that is not correct, you can edit and change is several ways.
Edit Text
The Edit Text tool lets you edit existing text.
When a text string is selected for editing, it appears in the word processor. In addition to
changing the alpha-numerics, a variety of text attributes can also be changed. Once the
changes have been made in the word processor, enter a data point in the view to change the
text.
Exercise: Edit text string content
Continuing in BSI300-Elevations.dgn, select Edit Text (A + 3).
Enter a data point on the text string South Elevation.
In the word processor, highlight the word South and replace it with Southeast.
Enter a data point.
Hint: Double click a text element with the Element Selection tool active to activate the Edit Text
tool and open the word processor text editor.
You can change more than alpha-numeric attributes using Edit Text.
Exercise: Edit color and style
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI300-Elevations.dgn, select Edit Text (A + 3).
Enter a data point on the text string you just edited.
In the word processor, set the font to the TrueType font Arial Narrow, and click the
Bold and Underline icons.
Enter a data point in the file to change the text.
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Matching and changing text

The Match Text Attributes tool sets the active text settings to match those of a selected text
element.
The Change Text Attributes tool changes the attributes of existing text elements. You can
change text strings or nodes individually, or using a fence or selection set.
Exercise: Change text attributes
Continuing in BSI300-Elevations.dgn, select Change Text Attributes (A + 7), with

the following tool settings:
Text Style: Disabled
Font: Enabled and set to Arial
Height: Enabled and set to 20
Width: Enabled and set to 20
Underline: Enabled and set to Disable
Enter a data point on the text string.

Note that the bold attribute is exclusive to the word processor.
Click the Previous Model icon in the View Groups dialog to return to the North
Elevation model.
Select Match Text Attributes (A + 6).
Enter a data point on the text North Elevation, and then enter a data point to accept.
The active text attributes are now set to these attributes.
Select Change Text Attributes (A + 7), and note the active attributes.
Click the Next Model icon in the View Groups dialog to return to the South
Elevation model.
Enter a data point on the text.

The original attributes return.
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Nov-08
Text Fields
Text Fields
Fields are text strings derived from the attributes of an element, the properties of a model or
the properties of a file and are placed with the Place Text tool.
Fields based on element attributes are updated to reflect changes whenever a change to the
element causes the attribute to change. Models have an option to update fields automatically.
Exercise: Add a file property field

Project: Plant
Open \Sheets\BSI700-P1083-001-PS Sheet.dgn.
Window Area around the borders title block.
Select Place Text (A + 1), with the following tool setting:

Method: By Origin
In the Word Processor text editor, right click.
Select Insert Field.
Select File Properties in the Field Type dialog, and click OK.
In the Fields Editor dialog, click the File Name field.
In the File Name Format area, set Path to False.
Setting the path to false excludes this information from the text field.
You can toggle display of the root file name, showing only the extension. You can
choose the case in which you want the field to display. There is a preview of the field
contents at the bottom left of the dialog.
10 Click OK.
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Annotating Designs
Text Fields
11 Place the text under the existing title information in the title block.
The string reflects the file name.
12 Select File > Save Settings.

Exercise: Change file properties
Continuing in BSI700-P1083-001-PS Sheet.dgn, select File > Close.
In the File Open dialog, right click on BSI700-P1083-001-PS Sheet.dgn and select
Rename.
Append FINAL to the name:

BSI700-P1083-001-PS Sheet-FINAL.dgn
Reopen the file.
With the pointer in the view, press Enter.
In the Key-in window, type the following:

FIELD UPDATE ALL
Press Enter.
The file name text field updates.
A field can appear anywhere within a text string and can span multiple words or lines within
multi-line text.
Text field background

In order to distinguish fields from text that is entered directly, fields have a gray background.
Its display can be toggled in the Preferences dialog.
Exercise: Hide the field background
Annotating Designs
Continuing in BSI700-P1083-001-PS Sheet-FINAL.dgn, select Workspace >

Preferences.
Select the Text category.
Enable the Hide Field Background check box and click OK.
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Nov-08
The Spell Checker
Reopen the file.

The field backgrounds no longer display.
Note: Fields in MicroStation and AutoCAD are similar. A MicroStation field will be saved to
DWG format as long as the underlying field property exists within AutoCAD.
You can place fields that update when elements are modified. Use the field type element
properties to create these types of fields. You then identify the element you want to use so
that the applicable properties can be determined. Select from them to create the field.
Fields reflecting element area and element color, line style, and weight
The Spell Checker

This feature lets you search the text in the text editor, or search an entire design file, for
spelling errors.
To check the text in the text editor, select the icon in the word processor tool bar.
To check the active file, select the tool from the Text tools (A + 4). You can check individual
words, use a fence to fence a portion of the file, or check the whole file.
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Annotating Designs
Revision Clouds
Revision Clouds
A revision cloud is a closed element commonly used to call attention to design revisions or
redlines. Tools for placing them can be found in the Drawing Composition tasks Annotation
task, or select Tools > Annotation > Cloud.
Exercise: Adding revision clouds
Continuing in BSI700-P1083-001-PS Sheet-FINAL.dgn, click the arrow next to

Tasks in the Tasks dialog and select the Drawing Composition task.
Click the Annotate task.

Color: 3
Weight: 1
Select Cloud By Points, with the following tool setting:

Arc Angle: 100
Arc Angle defines the sweep angle of the arcs used to form the cloud element.
Follow the status bar prompts to place a cloud around the edited file name.
Click the arrow next to Drawing Composition in the Tasks dialog and select the
Drawing task.

You can also create a revision cloud by modifying or copying an existing closed
element using the Cloud By Element tool.
The Arc Radius option lets you define the radius of the arcs used to construct the cloud
element. If the option is disabled, the radius of the arc elements is defined by the first two
data points you enter when creating the revision cloud.
Annotating Designs
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Nov-08
Dimensions
Dimensions
Dimensions are critical for accurate designs. They are necessary to show the size of, and
relationships between, elements or overall models.
To understand dimensions, examine the components of a dimension element.
Dimension text
Dimension line
Terminator (arrow)
Extension line
Note: Dimension definitions can be created by administrators and saved in named styles in the
Dimension Styles dialog.
The Dimensioning toolbox can be accessed from the Drawing task, or by pressing F when
the focus is at Home.
Element Dimensioning
The Dimension Element tool is used to dimension a line, line string, multi-line, shape, arc, or
circle.
Associations can be made between the dimension and elements so that if the element
changes, the dimension updates automatically. A variety of tool settings determine the
placement and appearance of the dimension element.
In the following exercises, redline modifications require you to dimension an office plan.
Exercise: Element dimensioning

Project: Building
Nov-08
Open \Drawings\BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn.
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Annotating Designs
Dimensions
Select Settings > Snaps > AccuSnap, and disable the Pop-up Info check box so you can
see the dimensions more clearly.
Select Element Dimensioning (F + 1), with the following tool settings:

Dimension Style: M Dimension
The tool has different tool settings depending upon the type of element you are
dimensioning.
Enter a data point on the outer arc of the represent the reception desk.
Note the tool settings.

They have changed to reflect the fact that you are dimensioning a circular element.
The active mode is Dimension Radius.
The position of the dimension changes dynamically as the pointer moves.
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Nov-08
Dimensions
Enter a data point to the right of the arc to place the dimension.
Reset.
10 Enter a data point on the dashed grid line that runs vertically against the wall.
The tool settings reflect that you are dimensioning a linear element. The position of
the dimension changes dynamically as the pointer moves.
11 Enter a data point to place the dimension.
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Annotating Designs
Dimensions
Alignment
Alignment options control the alignment of linear dimensions.
Alignment
Aligns linear dimensions
View
Parallel to the view x- or y-axis.

(X is the design plane x-axis.)
Parallel to the design plane x- or y- axis.

The models rotation determines the
alignment axis for a particular dimension.
(X is the design plane x-axis.)
Drawing
Parallel to the element being

dimensioned.
The extension lines are at right angles to
the dimension line.
True
Parallel to the element being

dimensioned. The extension lines are not
constrained to be at right angles to the
dimension line.
Arbitrary
(2D only)
Association
The Association option associates the dimension you are placing with the points on the
element being dimensioned. If the element is then modified, the dimension updates to reflect
the change.
The Association lock must be enabled to place associated dimensions.
Annotating Designs
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Dimensions
Exercise: Associated dimensions
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, select Place Block (W + 1), with the

Method: Orthogonal
Fill Type: None
Nov-08
Snap to the end of the wall behind the reception desk and place a block to make a
partition.
Select Element Dimensioning (F + 1), click the arrow in the tool settings to expand
them, and enable the Association check box.
Snap to one corner of the partition.
Enter a data point to the left of the partition to place the dimension.
Enter a data point on the partition.
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Annotating Designs
Dimensions
Move the pointer upward to extend the partition, and enter a data point.
The associated dimension updates when you establish the new end point.
When the Association setting is on, any data points are entered while dimensioning create an
association point between the element and dimension. Changing any association point by
modifying the element updates the attached dimensions.
Note: Avoid placing associated and non-associated dimensions in the same model.
Linear dimensioning
Use Linear Dimensioning to dimension the linear distance between two points.
When using these tools, alignment and location can be set in the tool settings. Options that
affect placement and appearance are also available in the tool settings.
Annotating Designs
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Dimensions
Exercise: Placing a string of dimensions
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, Zoom Out so you can see the side of

the floor plan.
Select Dimension Linear (F + 2), with the following tool settings:

Dimension Style: M Dimension
Mode: Linear Size
Linear Size dimensions the linear distance between two points. Each dimension is
computed from the endpoint of the previous one and is chained together.
3
Enter a data point at the end of the uppermost grid line (1).
(1)
Nov-08
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Annotating Designs
Dimensions
Enter a data point on the next grid line (2).
(2)
Enter a data point to the right to define the length of the extension line.
Enter a data point at the next grid line.
Enter a data point at the last grid line.
Reset.
Exercise: Stacked dimensions
Annotating Designs
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, Fit View.
Window Area around the lower right corner of the design and reset.
Set the following Linear Dimensioning tool setting:
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Nov-08
Dimensions
Mode: Linear Stacked
This mode dimensions the linear distance from an origin, and stacks the dimensions.
4
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point on the grid line to the left of
Office 107.
Enter a data point at the next grid line to the right.
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point to set the length of the extension
line.
Enter a data point on the grid line at the right corner.
Reset.
Note: The tool starts the next dimension perpendicular to the last dimension placed. Resetting
twice resets the tool from the beginning.
The Select Multiple Elements option lets you dimension multiple elements by passing a line
through them.
Nov-08
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Annotating Designs
Dimensions
Exercise: Dimension multiple elements
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, select Dimension Linear, with the

Linear Size: Enabled
Select Multiple Elements: Enabled
Start and End Extension: arrow
Note the change in the start and end extension settings labels. The color changes to
blue, indicating that this attribute is different than the one defined in the dimension
style you are using. The * next to the style name indicates that it has been altered.
You are prompted to select the start of the selection line.
2
Enter a data point to the left of one of the grid lines and drag it to the right to include
all the grid lines.
Enter a data point to define the length of the extension lines and place the dimension
chain.
Reset.
Click the Reset Style icon in the tool settings of the Linear Dimensioning tool.
The start and end extension settings return to arrow, as defined in the dimension
style. The color difference indicators disappear.
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Dimensions
Angular dimensioning
The Angular Dimensioning tool has modes that help you to dimension angles.
The tool settings have options to define its performance and the appearance of the
dimensions. To use it, select the tool, set alignment and location, select the desired mode and
then follow the status bar prompts to place the dimension.
Ordinate dimensioning
Ordinate dimensions are used to label distances along an axis from an origin. You can enter
positive and negative values.
Modifying existing dimensions

Change Dimension
Existing dimensions can be changed to reflect new settings using the Change Dimension tool.
Exercise: Changing the active dimension settings
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, select Element > Dimension Styles.
Highlight the dimension style M Dimension.
On the Symbology tab, change the following:

Dimension Lines > Color: 3
Text > Color: 3
Nov-08
Select Change Dimension (F + 5).
Enter a data point on the last dimension string you placed.
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Annotating Designs
Dimensions

The dimensions assume the new attributes.
You can also use the tools in the Modify toolbox to modify dimensions.
To:
Use this Modify tool
Add an extension line
Insert vertex
Remove an extension line
Delete vertex
Move an extension line
Modify
Modify length of an extension line
Modify
Move dimension text
Modify
Edit text in a dimension element
Edit text
Exercise: Modifying the length of an extension line
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, select Modify Element (7 + 1).

Note the status bar prompt.
Enter a data point on the extension line of the dimension on the lower right side of
the design.
Moving the point dynamically modifies both the extension length and dimension line
location.
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Annotating Designs
Move the pointer upward.
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Nov-08
Dimensions
When the dimension line reaches the wall of the first office, snap to it and enter a
data point.
Reset.
Note: You can also use tools from the Tools > Dimensions > Miscellaneous toolbox to work with
dimensions.
Exercise: Removing an extension line
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, select Delete Vertex from the Main

toolbox (7 + 0).
Enter a data point on an extension line.

The extension line disappears and the dimensions are recalculated.
You can use the Match Dimension Settings tool to match existing settings, and then update
using Change Dimension.
Nov-08
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Module Review
Dimension Audit
The auditing tool searches all dimensions and reports any problems. Dimensions are tested
for overridden text, dropped dimensions, and loss of associativity by toggling the criteria
option icons. The report displays in the Report field at the bottom of the dialog.
Audits can be performed using all of the criteria together, or on any single or combination of
criteria.
Find Overridden Text finds dimensions whose text has been edited.
Find Dropped Dimension finds dimensions that have been dropped to elements.
Find Non-Associative Dimension finds dimensions that are no longer associated to the
elements they are dimensioning.
Find Lost Associations finds dimensions that have associations that have failed.
Any problem dimension is highlighted in the file and the area is zoomed to in the active view.
Exercise: Audit the dimensions
Continuing in BSI300-GroundFloorPlan.dgn, select Utilities > Dimension Audit.
In the Dimension Audit dialog, enable only Find Non-Associative Dimensions.
Click Dimension Audit Find.
Click the Expand arrow in the dialog and note the report.
To page through problems, click the Next Item arrow in the dialog.
Module Review
Mastery Exercise: Placing text
Annotating Designs
Create a new design file named annotate, using the seed file sheetseed.dgn, and open
it.
Use Place SmartLine to place the lines and Place Circle to create the circle. You can
use Move/Copy parallel to space the parallel lines.
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Module Review
Place text that matches the following examples. Use any font you want.
Questions
Nov-08
What additional element attributes do text elements have?
What is line spacing?
True or False: Text can be copied and pasted from other applications into the word
processor and all formatting will be retained.
Name two different ways you can change text.
Name the three places from which text fields are derived.
Name four components of a dimension.
What does the Associate option in the dimensioning tool settings do?
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Annotating Designs
Module Review
Answers
Annotating Designs
Font, slant, justification, line spacing.
The distance between individual lines of text in multi-line text. This value also
specifies the distance text is placed away from an element when the placement
method is set to Above, Below, or Along.
True.
The Edit Text tool lets you edit the content of existing text. Change Text Attributes
changes the attributes of existing text elements.
The attributes of an element, the properties of a model or the properties of a file.
Dimension text, dimension line, line terminator, extension line.
The Association option associates the dimension you are placing with the points on
the element being dimensioned. If the element is then modified, the dimension
updates to reflect the change.
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Module Overview
In this module, you will learn to use the data in other files for reference.
Some knowledge about MicroStation elements
An understanding of the way an overlay system works
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:
Nov-08
Attach and control reference information
Create and use models
Attach and control images with Raster Manager
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Questions
1
What is a model?
How do you activate one?
Why might you want to look at another model at the same time as the one on which
you are working?
Answers
1
A model is an independent container within a DGN file that stores graphical

information and specific settings.
Select the model name in the View Groups dialog at the bottom left of the
application window. You can also open the Models dialog from the Primary tools
toolbox and double click the model name.
You might want to make measurements, check element attributes, make sure features
match, or print the contents of that model along with those of your active model.
References
A DGN file is composed of models. When you place elements with MicroStation tools, the
elements are added to the active model. A model can be either 2D or 3D and is stored as a
discrete object within a DGN file.
A reference is a model that is attached to, and displayed along with, the active model for
various purposes. When you use a design file that was created by someone else, you generally
want to look at it without modifying it. References let you do this. The most common use of
references is for creating design compositions. Design compositions are used to communicate
the visual content of their designs.
To create a design composition using MicroStation, you build a model consisting of
references of models you want to see. For example, you may attach a collection of survey
points as a guide for placement of additional geometry.
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References
You can reference models from the active DGN file, or from other DGNs that may currently
be in use by other users. Similarly, other users can reference the model that you are working
on. Elements in a reference display as though they were in the active, or master, model.
When working with references, the active file, the one that you are in, is called the master file.
Attaching references
Exercise: Select a file to attach

Project: Geospatial
Open \Designs\BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn.
Select the References tool from the Primary Tools toolbox.
In the References dialog, click Attach Reference.
In the Attach Reference dialog, select \Designs\BSI200-R01-Environmental.dgn.

Do not click Open yet. Examine the dialog.
The default attachment method is Interactive. With this method, additional settings are set in
the Reference Attachment Settings dialog. The Attachment Method option menu on the right
side of the dialog lets you select the method.
When you use the other attachment methods the Reference Attachment Settings dialog does
not appear. The default attachment settings, or the attachment settings used for the last
reference attached, are used instead. Once a method is selected, it remains in effect until it is
changed.
The Save Relative Path check box in the Attach Reference dialog is important.
A reference attachment that identifies the location of the file in which an attached file resides
by its full, or absolute, path is not portable across directories, projects and networked systems.
If the attached file is not found in that exact location, the attachment will be missing. The best
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References
way to ensure portability when attaching references is to enable Save Relative Path. This
causes the relative path to the file to be saved as attachment data in the DGN file so the file
can be more easily located.
Exercise: Save the relative path
Continuing in BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, in the Attach Reference dialog with

BSI200-R01-Environmental.dgn selected, enable the Save Relative Path check box.
Leave the Attachment Method set to Interactive so that you can set additional
settings in the Reference Attachment Settings dialog.
Click Open.
Attachment settings
The first option in the Attachment Settings dialog is the model you want to attach. A
model is an individual design space within a design file.
View Groups can also be models.
Since the same model can be attached many times, the Logical Name field helps you to
distinguish between them.
Orientation sets the view of the model that you will see. Coincident, the default, aligns
the references with regard to design plane coordinates of the file to which you are
attaching the reference. Coincident World aligns the references with the active model
with regard to both Global Origin and design plane coordinates.
Scale (Master:Ref) sets the ratio of the master units in the active file to the master units in
the attached model. Use this if the reference elements need to be scaled. For example, 2
to 1 would make the referenced elements twice as large as elements in the master.
Exercise: Attach the drainage model
Continuing in BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, set the following attachment settings

in the Reference Attachment Settings dialog:
Model: Hydrography
Toggles: Display, Snap, Locate, True Scale Enabled
Click OK.
You now see the elements that are in the Hydrography model in BSI200-R01Environmental.dgn.
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References
Attachment settings toggles define settings for the reference. The icons correspond to
columns in the References list box and information panel. If an icon is pressed, the setting is
on. Click the icons to toggle the settings.
The first one is Display. If it is on, the reference is displayed.
Second is Snap. If on, you can snap to elements in the selected reference.
Next is Locate. If it is on, you can select elements in a reference for construction
purposes.
Treat Attachment as Element for Manipulation lets you manipulate references, as a

whole, with the standard manipulation tools.
True Scale uses units in the active model and those in the referenced model to calculate
an appropriate scaling factor so that the reference scale reflects a true real-world scale.
Resolving different working units

MicroStation uses working units to accommodate different systems of measurement. When
working units differ between files, the relationships must be determined and then references
scaled accordingly. True Scale makes the adjustments automatically. True Scale aligns the units
one to one with the units in the active model.
If a reference model was created using feet and inches, but the working units in the active
model are Metric, you will need to reconcile the different units so that elements are the right
size. True Scale reads the units in which the reference model was created and adjusts the scale
based on the active models working units.
Hint: It is a best practice to have True Scale on when attaching references. If there is any
question, consult your administrator.
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Updating reference elements

Exercise: See reference changes
Open BSI200-R01-Environmental.dgn.
Open the Hydrography model.
Expand the Element Selection tool settings.
On the Level tab, select the level river-fill.
In the Attributes toolbox, set the active color to 160, a dark blue.

The river fill is now dark blue.
Click the Previous Model icon in the View Groups dialog at the bottom of the
application window to return to the Trails model, and then click it again to return to
BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn.
The change in the reference is seen immediately.
Manipulating references
Although you cannot manipulate elements that are in references, you can snap to them and
even copy them into the active model. You can also manipulate the reference as a whole.
Tools
Tools in the References dialog let you manipulate a reference. They work like the element
manipulation tool with the same names; Move, Copy, Scale, Rotate and Mirror.
Note: Tools for working with references can also be found in the References toolbox. Select Tools
> Reference to open it. It contains the tools in the References dialog and more.
Reload Reference reloads and redraws a reference, which lets you see changes that have been
made to a referenced model since it was last attached or reloaded. MicroStation checks to see
whether the file size or file time has changed for the referenced model before reloading. If
these have not changed, the file is not reloaded.
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References
One of the reference tools tool settings is Use References Dialog List. This option lets you
select the reference you want to manipulate from the References dialog. If you are not sure of
the name of the reference you want to manipulate, you can disable this option and enter a
data point on an element from the reference you wish to manipulate.
Reference exchange and activation
You can switch into a reference file if it is necessary to change something. You can also edit
in-place using the Activate option. If someone else has the file open, you see an Alert that
gives you an option to open the file read-only.
Exercise: Reference exchange and activation
Continuing in BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, in the References dialog, right click

BSI200-R01-Environmental.dgn and select Exchange from the pop-up menu.
You are redirected to the reference. Use Exchange to switch m models when you
need to focus on, or make changes to, that particular model.
Click the Previous Model icon in the View Groups dialog to return to BSI200-R03Public Works.dgn.
In the References dialog, right click BSI200-R01-Environmental.dgn and select

Activate from the pop-up menu.
The reference is highlighted in the view and is available for edit. Use Activate when
you need to snap to elements in that model.
There is an Activate Status column in the References dialog. When a reference is
activated, there is a dot in the column. When a reference is activated, it is locked to
other users. If you activate, remember to deactivate when you are done.
Right click the reference and select Deactivate.
Minimize the Reference dialog.
Reference levels
You can turn reference levels on and off independent of the levels in the master file.
Exercise: Turn off the fill levels
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, click the Level Display tool in the

Primary Tools toolbox.
In the Level Display dialog, select the name Hydrography, BSI200-R01Environmental.dgn, in the target tree.
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References
The levels contained in this model are now listed in the dialog. The names are listed
showing the model name first, then the file name.
3
Click on the creek-fill and river-fill levels to turn them off.
Close the dialog.
Transparency and priority

References have transparency and priority attributes that you can apply.
Exercise: Apply transparency to a reference
Continuing in BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, click the View Attributes tool in the

view control toolbox.
Click the Transparency icon.

The transparency attribute is now allowed in this view.
In the References dialog, click Attach Reference.
Attach BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, the Limit model, using the same

attachment setting as before.
In the References dialog, right click the column headings and select Transparency
from the pop-up menu to add the column to the dialog.
With the BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, Limit model, highlighted in the

References dialog, click in the Transparency column and select 50.
Hidden elements show through the limit boundary.
Detaching references
Be sure you want to detach a reference file before you do so. The scale, rotation, location, etc.,
of the reference are not saved when you detach the file. You will have to specify these settings
again if you decide to re-attach it.
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References
Exercise: Detach a model
Continuing in BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, in the References dialog, select the

Hydrography model and click Detach Reference.
Click OK in the Alert dialog.
Reference nesting
Live nesting lets you see a reference that is attached to a reference. Suppose you have a DGN
file called x.dgn. A.dgn is a reference to x. A.dgn has two references of its own, 1.dgn and
2.dgn.
If A is attached as a reference to x with nesting disabled, only A will be listed in the
References dialog hierarchy as a reference.
If A is attached as a reference to x with nesting enabled and set to a depth of one, it can be
expanded in the hierarchy to show its references, 1.dgn and 2.dgn.
A benefit of live nesting is that any changes to these sub-attachments are dynamically updated
in any file to which their master file is attached.
When you attach a reference, you have three options for the nesting.
No Nesting means that references attached to the attached model are not seen in the
active model.
Select Live Nesting so references attached to the attached model are seen in the active
model.
Copy Attachments copies reference attachments to the attached model into the active
model.
Exercise: Enable live nesting
Nov-08
Open \Sheets\BSI200-M01-City.dgn.
In the References dialog, click the Show Hierarchy tool.
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Models
In the left frame, click the + preceding the file name to see a hierarchy tree of the
attached files.
Click on City Drawing in the hierarchy.
In the right frame, you can see the models that are attached to this reference.
You can control the display, snap and locate settings for the nested references. Just
right click and select Settings from the pop-up menu, or toggle the check marks in
those columns.
In the left frame, right click City Drawing and select Settings from the pop-up menu.
From the Nested Attachments options, select No Nesting, and click OK.
Now there are no files listed and the elements in them are no longer visible.
8
Right click City Drawing and select Settings from the pop-up menu.
In the Nested Attachments options, select Live Nesting.

The Depth field determines how many files deep you can see.
10 Click OK.
Models
A model is stored as a discrete object within a DGN file. Each DGN file, therefore, contains
one or more models. It may be helpful to think of a DGN file as a box that can contain
different objects, models, any of which you can view individually.
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Models
Every model has its own set of eight views. The model whose views are displayed at a given
time is the active model. Every model has its own working unit system. However, levels are
DGN file-specific and not model-specific. Levels are shared throughout the entire DGN file.
Types of models
A Design model holds geometry and can be either 2D or 3D. These are similar to DWG
models (model space). A design model can also be used as a reference or placed as a cell. In
MicroStation, you can create an unlimited number of design models in a DGN file.
Separate models in a building DGN contain different parts of the overall plan
Hint: Think of models as containers. References are the pipes that connect them letting water, or
information, flow between them.
A sheet model is used for composing finished, deliverable sheets. These are similar to DWG
drawing layouts, or paper space. MicroStation lets you create an unlimited number of sheet
models per DGN file.
Creating models
Create models in the Create Model dialog. To open it, click the Create a new model icon in the
Models dialog.
Type options
Design creates a design model. A design model has its own set of eight views and serves
as a container for design geometry. The 2D/3D option for all types lets you choose
whether the design model is 2D or 3D.
Sheet creates a sheet model. This lets you attach references to create a drawing.
Design From Seed creates a design model using the set of eight views from a model in
the file you select as the seed file.
Sheet From Seed creates a sheet model from a model in the file you select as the seed file.
Ref Logical field

Sets the logical name for the model. The logical name identifies the model when it is attached
to another model as a reference.
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Models
Annotation Scale icon

Choosing a value from this list sets the scale factor for text and dimensioning in the model.
Update Fields Automatically check box
If this is enabled, (text) fields are automatically updated when a file is opened. There is no
need to issue a key-in to update them. It is a best practice to enable this option.
Can be placed as a cell check box
If this is enabled, it is possible to place the model as a cell.
Create a View Group check box
If this is enabled, a View Group is created with the model and it is listed in the View Groups
dialog.
Display Sheet Boundary check box
(Sheet Model only.) If this is enabled, an element representing the extent of the sheet
boundary appears in the new sheet model.
Drawing composition using models

Instead of redrawing a models geometry to produce different views of the same data, you
attach views of design models as references. Then, any changes made to the design models,
are reflected immediately in the sheet.
Creating a sheet model for printing as a drawing, typically involves working with the following
components:
Design models, where the design geometry is created
The sheet model, which is the electronic drawing sheet
A border model which contains the border and title block for plotted output
Saved views that are used to set up just the views needed for the drawing
Exercise: Create a design model
Open \Drawings\BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn.
In the Tasks dialog, click the arrow next to Drawing at the upper left of the
application window to open the task list.
Select the Drawing Composition task.
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Models
Click the Sheet Composition task.
Select the New Sheet Model tool.
In the Create Model dialog, set the following:

Type: Sheet 2D
Name: Hydro-Bridge
Update Fields Automatically: Enabled
Leave the rest of the settings as they are.
Click OK.
The model opens.
First, you attach designs, the files that contain geometry, to the sheet model.
Exercise: Attach designs to the drawing composition
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, new model, in the

References dialog, click Attach Reference.
If you closed the dialog, there is a tool to open it in the Design Composition task.
Move up one level and attach \Designs\BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, with the

following attachment settings:
Model: Wards
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Models
Level: Default
Hint: Remember you can press the D key on the keyboard to skip to the level names
beginning with D.
3
Fit View.
You will attach more files to compose the drawing. Each subsequent reference will be
attached using the same settings, so you only need to specify the model you want to
attach and the level on which you want to place it.
Attach \Designs\BSI200-R01-Environmental.dgn, with the following attachment

setting:
Model: Hydrography
Level: ref-hydro
Attach \Designs\BSI200-R03-Public Works.dgn, with the following attachment

setting:
Model: Bridges
Level: ref-Bridges
A drawing is a place for elements that will appear in multiple places. These are things like a
municipality or a river, and their names. You would use annotation scale when placing the
text, since it may appear at different scales. When these are included on sheets for delivery,
any changes will be reflected in all the sheets that use this information.
Hint: You can keep text independent of design elements and make it easily scalable by keeping it
separate from design elements and then referencing it mid-stage.
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Models
Exercise: Attach a drawing to the composition
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, click Attach Reference.
Move up one level to the Drawings folder, and attach BSI200-D02-Land

Acquisition.dgn, with the following attachment settings:
Model: Wards Labels
Level: Ward 1 text
Nested Attachments: Live Nesting set to a depth of 2
Minimize the References dialog.
You now have a sheet that contains information that just relates to the hydrography and
bridges in all the wards.
Exercise: Reference levels
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, open the Level Display

dialog.
Select the master file at the top of the list; BSI200-D04-City Drawing
Compostion.dgn.
In the list of levels, locate the Ward 1 text level.
Hint: Click the column heading to sort the levels by name.

4
Click the level name to turn it off.

The entire reference disappears because it was placed on that level. This is a good
way to limit the amount of information you see on the screen, while keeping it
available. Remember that if you detach a reference, you must reattach it, and all the
attachment settings are lost.
Turn the level back on.
View composition
In this step, you will create views of parts of the design.
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Models
Exercise: Change the task
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, in the Tasks dialog, click

the Create Views (2D) task under the Design Composition task.
Clipping referenced models

You can create a clip volume to focus on certain parts of a model and hide the rest. When a
clip volume is applied, only elements that are located within the clip volume will display. This
is useful for working within a limited area of a model without being hindered by geometry
outside the area of interest. Each view can have a different clip volume applied.
You can also create a clip mask to hide the display of certain parts of a model. When a clip
mask is applied to a view, only elements that are located outside the range of the clipping
element will display, or can be snapped to, in that view. Each view can have a different clip
mask applied. Operations, such as view rotation and fence processing honor the clip masks.
They ignore any elements that are not displayed in the view.
Exercise: Clip the view to limit display
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, select Place Fence from

the Main toolbox (2 + 1) with the following tool settings:
Fence Type: Block
Fence Mode: Inside
Following the status bar prompt, place a fence near the center of the map where
there are several bridges.
Expand the tool settings and click Create Named Fence From Active Fence.
Click Untitled, rename the fence Ward 4 hydro-bridges and press Enter.
This saves this fence so you can recall it at any time.
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Models
In the References dialog, click in the Display column for the Wards Labels model, the
last one, to turn display of this reference off.
Hint: This is another good way to limit the amount of information you see.
6
In the References dialog, select the first three references (Wards, Hydrography, and
Bridges models), using the Ctrl key.
You want to include the data in these files in the clip volume.
Click Clip Reference in the References dialog.

Method: Active Fence
Discard Existing Clip Masks: Enabled
Use Reference Dialog List: Enabled (you use the selected references in the References
dialog.)
10 Click in the References dialog to un-select the models.

The boundaries disappear. Now all you see is the hydrography and bridges.
Exercise: Create the saved view
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, select Save View in the

tasks dialog, with the following tool settings:
Method: From View
View Type: Saved View
Name: Ward 4 hydro-bridges
Clip Volume: From View
Associative Clip Volume: Enabled
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Models
The last setting lets you associate the clip volume with the saved view.
2
Click the Save Views tool in the Primary tools toolbox.
In the Saved Views dialog, click in the Clip Volume column for the view you just
saved and select the name of the fence from which it was created.
Now the two are associated.

5
Close the dialog.
In the References dialog, select the Wards model, the first model, click Delete Clip,
and enter a data point in the view.
All the elements in the reference are visible again.

7
In the References dialog, select the Hydrography model, click Delete Clip, and enter a
data point in the view.
In the References dialog, select the Bridges model, click Delete Clip, and enter a data
point in the view.
Now you will compose a sheet. This consists of a sheet boundary element, which is an
optional part of a sheet model, a border, and referenced saved views.
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Models
Exercise: Create a sheet
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, in the Tasks dialog, click

the Sheet Composition task.
Select the New Sheet Model tool.
In the Create Model dialog, set the following:

Type: Sheet From Seed using GeospatialSeed.dgn (automatic)
Name: Hydro-Bridges Sheet
Scale: Full Size 1=1
Update Fields Automatically: Enabled
Display Sheet Boundary: Enabled
Sheet Name: hydro-bridges
Click OK.
The sheet model opens.
Exercise: Add a border and the saved view
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, in the References dialog,

click Attach Reference.
Move up two levels to the projects \seed folder.
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Models
Attach BSI200-G02-Map Border.dgn using the default attachment settings.
Fit View.
In the References dialog, move back to the \dgn folder and attach \Drawings\
BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, with the following attachment settings:
Model: Hydro-Bridge
Orientation > Saved Views (expand): Ward 4 hydro-bridges
Nested Attachments: Live Nesting and set to a depth of 2
Synchronize with Saved View: Enabled
Click OK.
The boundary of the reference is attached to the pointer.
In the tool settings, click the Coincident button.

The boundary is placed on the sheet in the correct location.
Optional Exercise: Mask the border text and logo
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, select Place Fence with

the following tool settings:
Fence Type: Block
Fence Mode: Inside
Place a fence around the borders text and logo.
In the Reference dialog, select BSI200-G02-Map Border.dgn.
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Models
Click Mask Reference and enter a data point in the view.
Click in the References dialog to un-select the reference.
Enter a data point in the view to clear the fence.
Exercise: Dynamically changing the sheet
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, click the Previous Model

icon in the View Groups dialog to return to the Hydro-Bridge model.
In the Place Fence tool settings, double click on the Ward 4 hydro-bridges fence.
You see the boundary in the view and the fence is active again.
Select Modify Fence from the Main toolbox (2 + 2).
Following the status bar prompt, enter a data point on the lower left vertex and drag
the fence so it encloses the lower bridge.
Reset.
Click the Next Model icon in the View Groups dialog to return to the sheet model.
The area has changed.
Since you attached a saved view as a reference, with Synchronize with Saved View enabled,
the sheet will also update if the saved view is changed.
Exercise: Update the saved view
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI200-D04-City Drawing Compostion.dgn, open View 8.
Open the Saved Views dialog and attach the Ward 4 hydro-bridges view to View 8.
In View 8, open the Attributes dialog and click the Fill icon to turn fill off.
With View 8 active, open the Level Display dialog.
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Raster References
Click on Wards, BSI200-R02-Land Acquisition.dgn, Ward in the top frame.
Right click in the bottom frame and select All Off.
In the Saved Views dialog, click Update Saved View Settings.

Changes are seen in the sheet.
Raster References
A Raster Reference is a link to an external image that resides outside the design file. Use the
Raster Manager to attach, display and modify images in various formats. Raster tasks provide
tools for working with image files.
Rasters are assigned to the active level when they are attached. You can change the level that a
raster is assigned to in the Workspace > Preferences dialog. Select the Raster Manager category
and then select the level under Default Raster Attributes.
When attaching a file in a 2D model, rasters can be on different planes.
Foreground Plane - On top of elements and references.
Background Plane - In back of elements and references.
Design Plane - Share the same space as design elements with Display Priority.
Exercise: Placing a raster image

Project: General
Open Raster.dgn.
Open the Display Priority model.
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Raster References
Click the Raster Manager tool in the Primary Tools toolbox.
In the Raster Manager dialog, select File > Attach > Raster.
Click Up One Level in the Attach Raster Reference dialog and navigate to the \data
folder.
Select satellit.itiff and click Open.
Set the following in the Raster Attachment Options dialog, and then click Attach:
Action tab > Place Interactively: Yes
Image tab > Description Plane change
Following the status bar prompt, enter two diagonal data points and define the area
that the raster will occupy outside the frame.
When you place a raster interactively, you select the space it will occupy. If you do not
place interactively, you just enter a data point to place the image in the file.
The raster image is listed in the Raster Manager dialog. Rasters are listed according to
the plane that they occupy.
Attachment settings
Options in the Raster Attachment Options dialog set attributes of attached rasters.
The General tab has controls that are analogous to those in the Attributes toolbox.
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Raster References
Level is the standard MicroStation list box to select a level. You can select any existing
level attached to the current DGN.
Color, Line Style and Weight, set the raster border color.
Priority sets the display priority at attachment time. The field will not be visible if one of
the selected rasters is not on the design plane.
The Color tab has options that let you change the images tint, contrast, brightness, etc.
You can change the plane that a raster occupies after it is attached.
Exercise: Change the images plane
Continuing in Raster.dgn, select satellit.itiff, Plane change, in the Raster Manager.
Click the Plane icon that preceded the name.
Select Design and click OK.

The raster moves to the design plane and is listed with the other attachments on that
plane.
Select the Plane change raster image and detach it by selecting File > Detach.
When rasters are in the design plane, they share the same space as design elements. Next,
youll add a few elements to see how to prioritize the display of rasters and elements.
Exercise: Adding elements and setting display priority
Continuing in Raster.dgn, open the Town Task Example on the main menu bar, click
Town Tools and select Home.
Set the following Place Active Cell tool settings:

X Scale and Y Scale: 0.0200
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Attaching PDF Documents
Position the house in the center at the intersection of the rasters and enter a data
point.
The image appears between the two top raster images
Reset.
With Element Selection active, click the house you placed.
Click the Active Element Priority tool in the Attributes toolbox and change the
Priority to 200.

With the higher priority, the house moves in front.
Click the raster that is the furthermost left.
Change the Priority of the raster reference to 300.

Note the change in display order.

The Adobe PDF format is available for attaching as a raster reference. The method is the
same as attaching any other raster reference, except that when you have a multi-page PDF you
must choose a single page for attachment.
Exercise: Reviewing PDF attachments
Nov-08
Continuing in Raster.dgn, open the PDF Reference model.
In the Raster Manager dialog, select 2DExample.pdf.
243
Select the Scale tool, with the following tool settings:

X Scale: 1.5
Y Scale: 1.5
4
Make the Center snap the override snap mode in the button bar.
Snap to the center of raster boundary and enter a data point.
Reset.
In the Raster Managers menu bar, select Edit > Clip, with the following tool settings:
Method: Block
Mode: Clip Boundary
Draw a block to isolate the top of the PDF.
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Nov-08
Enter a data point to complete the clip.
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245
Module Review
Module Review
Questions
1
What is the difference between attaching a reference interactively and attaching it

using the other attachment methods?
What does the Save Relative Path option in the Attach Reference dialog do?
Name two ways to move an attached reference.
True or False: Scale, rotation, and location of a reference are saved when you detach
the file and then reattach it.
What is live nesting?
If you want to compose a print sheet, which type model should you use?
Name two ways to navigate models.
What are the planes on which a raster reference can be displayed?
Answers
1
The Reference Attachment Settings dialog does not appear using the other
attachment methods.
Ensures portability because a relative path to the file is saved as attachment data in
the DGN file and so, the file can be easily located.
Use the tools in the References dialog or the Reference toolbox. You can also enable
Treat Attachment as Element for Manipulation so you can manipulate references
with the standard manipulation tools.
False. These are not saved when you detach the file. You will have to specify these
settings again if you decide to reattach it.
Live nesting provides the ability to see a reference that is attached to a reference.
If you want to compose a print sheet, use a sheet model.
Select the option menu in the View Groups toolbox if a view group was created for
the model. You can also use the Models dialog or the Previous Model and Next
Model icons in the View Groups toolbox.
Foreground, Background, and Design.
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Using Project Data

Module Overview
In this module, you will use Project Explorer to navigate the data that is part of a project.
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module you will be able to:
Nov-08
Use Project Explorer to navigate project data
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Using Project Data
Questions
1
How do you open the Key-in browser?
What are working units?
What is snapping?
How can you select elements?
Answers
Using Project Data
By selecting Utilities > Key-in or Help > Key-in Browser. You can also press Enter with
the pointer in a view.
Real-world units to which the design plane is configured.
The use of the tentative point to position a data point at an exact point on the target
element. Tentative points snap to an element when the snap lock is on.
Using the Element Selection tool or a fence.
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Nov-08
Project Explorer
To group project data, you create links to data files. For example, a link can point to a design
or sheet model or to a DWG layout. You use Project Explorer to see linked data. If link sets
exist in the open DGN file, or in any configured libraries, they appear in the Project Explorer
dialog when you open it.
Project Explorer
Project Explorer supports links to office documents, PDFs, URLs, e-mail addresses and
MicroStation key-ins, as well as design and sheet models, references and named views that
have been saved. Project Explorer is a digital table of contents for your project data, allowing
for easy browsing.
Exercise: How links work

Project: Plant
Open \dgn\sheets\BSI700-C0101-PlotPlan.dgn.
Zoom In on the center of the sheet, to the existing tanks.
Move the pointer over the tank designation T-083-1.

You see a link icon at the pointer.
Right click and select Follow Link > BSI700-D1102-HoizontalTank.dgn.
You are directed to that model.
A link set is a group of links to files, models, references, saved views, and supporting
documentation. The Link Set dialog is where you add, copy, rename, delete, and import link
sets. Within a link set, links can be organized into a hierarchy of folders.
Exercise: Explore a project

Project: Building
Open \dgnlib\Linksets.dgnlib.
Note: Change Files of type to DGN Library Files (*.dgnlib).

3
Select File > Project Explorer.

This file contains a project structure. You see the folders and links defined for the
Default project.
Nov-08
Expand the option list and select the Building project.
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Using Project Data
Project Explorer
Expand the Designs node by clicking the +.

You see design models.
Right click on the first link.

You see a menu of options. You can select Add Link to Element and then click an
element in a model to link the element to this model. Click Open to open that model.
Click Open.
You are redirected to the model.
Click Previous Model in the View Groups dialog at the bottom left of the application
window to return to Linksets.dgnlib.
Exercise: Selecting a link set
Continuing in Linksets.dgnlib, in the Project Explorer dialog, click the Manage Link
Sets icon to browse for existing link sets.
You do not have to be in the file in which a link set was created to access it. You can
use the option menu to view link sets from library files, in the active file or in a
selected file.
Select Active File (Linksets.dgnlib) from the option list.
Close the Link Sets dialog.
In Project Explorer, select the Building project link set.
Exercise: Explore a project
Continuing in Linksets.dgnlib, in the Project Explorer dialog, expand the Drawings

folder.
Expand the East Elevation link and then expand References folder.
Each link may include References and Saved Views folders where any references
saved views that are present are listed. Saved views and references are read in from
the file that contains them. As saved views or references are added to a model,
Project Explorer updates to reflect them.
Using Project Data
Expand the BSI300AE101-Plan.dgn, Ground Floor Plan [1] model link.
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Nov-08
Project Explorer
Expand the References folder to view the references.
Right click on the link to the East Elevation reference and select Open from the popup menu.
You are redirected to the model. This file resides in the \dgn\Designs folder.
Click Previous Model to return to Linksets.dgnlib.
Click Manage Link Sets to open the Link Sets dialog.
Select Configured Libraries ($MS_DGNLIBLIST) from the option list and close the
Link Sets dialog.
Document links
You can link to DOC, PDF, XLS and other file formats. Links can be created to individual
Excel worksheets, PDF bookmarks and to individual Heading styles in Word documents.
Linking project files to elements

When you right click on a link in Project Explorer, you have the option to link it to an
element. The link can then be used to redirect to additional data.
To create the element link, first create the data link in Project Explorer. Then, right click on it,
select Add Link to Element from the pop-up menu and enter a data point on the element you
want to link.
Link properties
Select Properties from the right click menu to open the Specifications dialog so you can view
the properties of the folder or link.
The Full Path is the location of the file that is the target of the selected link. If the file cannot
be located, the link is broken and this is blank.
Validating links
The right click menu for links and models also includes a Validate option. Select this to verify
that the file or URL to which the link points still exists. If the data does not exist in that
location, the link name and folder name turn red. Details are provided in the Message Center.
This will happen if you move, delete or rename the target file. If you try to open the target of
the broken link through Project Explorer, you will receive an error message.
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Using Project Data
Project Explorer
To validate a single link or all links within a folder, right click on the link or the folder and
select Validate from the pop-up menu.
To restore an association you must correct any name change or restore the target file to the
correct location.
Note: Always check with an administrator to determine which files are most up to date or to
determine the appropriate file location.
Using Project Data
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Module Review
Module Review
Questions
1
What are cells?
What is the relationship between cells and models?
What is a shared cell and why would you use one?
What is a link set?
What types of target data can be linked?
How do you validate a link?
Answers
Nov-08
Cells are complex elements that let you group elements permanently.
A DGN file can also be created and attached as a cell library. Each model in the file
that was created with the Can be placed as a cell check box enabled will be listed as a
cell in the Cell Library dialog. You create a design model, place the cell geometry and
then attach the DGN in the Cell Library dialog.
A shared cell can have many instances in a DGN but has only one definition. This
keeps the size of the file smaller. To place more instances of a shared cell, the cell
library does not need to be attached.
It is a group of links to target data. The Link Set dialog is where you add, copy,
rename, delete, and import link sets.
Design files, models, references, saved views, and supporting documents such as text
files or PDFs.
Right click on the link or the folder and select Validate from the pop-up menu. Any
broken links will turn red.
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Module Review
Using Project Data
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Nov-08

Module Overview
In this module, you will become familiar with the options that help you quickly produce
quality printed output.
Fundamental knowledge of the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:
Nov-08
Control the printable area of a model
Determine print scale, paper size, and other variables
Produce quality printed output, images, or PDF files
255
Questions
1
How do you place a fence?
How do you open and close view windows?
How do you activate a model?
What are working units?
Answers
1
Select the Place Fence tool, set the tool settings and, enter one, two or several data
points depending upon the method that is selected.
Two methods are using the view toggles in the View Groups toolbox at the bottom
left of the MicroStation application window, or selecting Window > Views > #.
Select the view group associated with the model in the View Groups toolbox or click
the Models tool in the Primary Tools toolbox and then double click the model.
Real-world units to which the design plane is configured.
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Printing Basics
Printing Basics
Printing can be as simple as setting up a view or placing a fence around the area of interest
and clicking the Print icon. Typically, the result will be printed output of what you see on the
screen.
The steps to create a print from MicroStation are as follows:
1. Open the Print dialog.
2. Select the print area.
3. Select a printer.
4. Set printing parameters, such as sheet size and scale.
5. Preview the print.
6. Click the Print icon to create output.
Selecting the print area

The initial print area is determined when you first open the Print dialog. If the active model is
a sheet model, the print area is obtained from it. If no sheet definition exists, but there is a
fence, the fence defines the print area. If no sheet definition or fence exists, the print area is
the first open view window.
Exercise: Examine print area

Project: Building
Open \Sheets\BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn.
You see a sheet model.
Select File > Print.

In the General Settings section of the Print dialog, the Area is set to Sheet because
you are in a sheet model. If you open a design model, the area will change to view
and the active view number will be reflected. If there is a fence in the file, the Area
will be set to Fence. You can change the print area at any time using the Area option
menu.
Setting the output color mode

You may need to print in grayscale or monochrome rather than using actual element colors.
When you have a color printer, you can quickly set it to print in grayscale or monochrome
using the Color options in the Print dialog.
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Printing Basics
If you select Monochrome, output is black and white
If you select Grayscale, colors are output as grayscale
If you select True Color, the actual colors in the model are used
Note: The colors in the model do not change; the print reflects the color change.
Exercise: Preview the color modes
Continuing in BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn, select Grayscale from the Color option

menu.
When you choose a different output, you can see the result in the preview window.
Output is black and white.
Select True Color to use the DGN file colors.
Selecting a printer
MicroStation lets you work with the Windows printer driver, which uses configuration file
printer.pltcfg, or Bentley drivers. Bentley drivers are text files that supply all the necessary
information to create a print or plot, in a particular plotter language format. The option menu
in the Printer and Paper Size section of the Print dialog lets you switch between the two types
of printers.
Selecting Windows driver loads the Windows printer driver configuration file.
When you select Bentley driver the Bentley printer driver configuration file that you last used
is loaded. You can select another one by clicking the Select Printer Driver Configuration File
icon, the magnifying glass, in the Printer and Paper Size section of the Print dialog.
Note: Use the jpeg.pltcfg, png.pltcfg or tiff.pltcfg files to create image output. Use pdf.pltcfg to
print a PDF of the model.
Administrators can set a configuration variable to define a default printer driver configuration
file that is selected each time the Print dialog is opened. In that case, you do not have to
decide.
The Full option
When you are using the Windows printer, you can enable the Full check box to maximize the
portion of the sheet that is used. For example, when printing to a sheet that is 381 279 mm
the maximum print size may actually be less. If full sheet is enabled, the print size will be the
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Printing Basics
size of the entire sheet, or 381 279 mm. Some geometry may be clipped by the printer if it
falls into the area around the edge of the paper that the printer cannot print.
When you toggle this setting, you can see the area change from total area to usable area or
vice versa.
With the Full option enabled the total area will be printed
The actual usable area is smaller
You also see the scale and size of the print change in the Print Scale and Position section of
the dialog.
Setting the printing parameters

Settings in the Print dialog let you select the sheet size, set the scale for the print, and position
the print on the selected sheet.
Setting the paper size, orientation, and destination

Using settings in the Printer and Paper Size section, you can do the following.
Select a predefined paper size. Choices for page sizes are determined by the type of
printer that you select.
Choose between Portrait and Landscape orientation.
Select the output destination for the print.

Send to printer is available only when using a Windows printer driver.
Create plot file is available with the Windows printer driver and is the only option when
using a Bentley printer driver.
Create metafile is available only when using a Windows printer driver. Output goes
directly to a Windows enhanced metafile (.emf).
Exercise: Select a Bentley driver, the paper size, and orientation
Continuing in BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn, set the following in the Printer and Paper

Size section of the dialog:
Bentley Driver: Click the magnifying glass, select pdf.pltcfg, and click Open
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Printing Basics
Paper: ISO A4
Orientation: Landscape
Setting the print scale and position

Using settings in the Print Scale and Position section of the Print dialog, you can set the
required dimension or scale, and position the print on the sheet.
Set the dimensional size of the printed output.
Set the scale of the printed output as a ratio of working units to printer units. When
setting the scale you are defining the number of design units (in working units) that equal
each paper, or printed output, unit (in printer units).
Set the X and Y origins to position the printed output on the selected page.
Maximize the printed output or center it on the page.
Setting the height or width of the printed output

As an alternative to setting the scale for the print, you can set the X (width) and Y (height)
size dimensions for the print.
When you first open the Print dialog, the printed output is maximized on the selected paper
size. That means that either its width (X) or height (Y) is scaled to match the selected paper
size, with the aspect ratio determining the remaining dimension. Within the limits of the
selected paper size and the X origin and Y origin you can set the scale, the X (width), or the Y
(height), of the printed output.
The settings for the width and height (the Size fields) and Scale are interlocked to preserve the
aspect ratio of the print area. Changing one setting results in corresponding changes to the
others. You cannot set the Size or Scale settings to something that would place part of the
printed output outside the area of the selected paper size.
Setting scale units
A printers units and your design file units are not always the same. To change the printer's
units, in the Print dialog, select Settings > Units and then select new printer units from the
menu. You are setting the scale for the design as a ratio of its working units to the printer
units. This setting will remain until the units are changed again.
Consider, for example, that your design file has Master Units (MU) of meters, while your
printers units are centimeters. Creating a 10 meter to the centimeter scale output would
require no changes to the printer units. You would enter 10 in the Scale field to make the
printed output scale 10 design meters per cm of paper.
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Printing Basics
To create a 1:20 scale output, you could first change the printer units to meters, to match the
design files master units. You would then enter 20 in the Scale field. The printed output
would be 20 design meters per cm of paper, or 1:20.
The Scale Assistant
For more complicated scale values, you can use the Scale Assistant to help you set the correct
scale. You can define the scale criteria either as Design to Paper, or Paper to Design. This is
another setting that an administrator can pre-define for you. Then enter the required paper
and design values in the fields below. The scale will be calculated from these.
Exercise: Change the printer units
Continuing in BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn, note the ratio of inches of paper to

millimeters of the design in the Print Scale and Position section of the Print dialog.
Select Settings > Units > mm in the Print dialog.

This sets the printer units to be the same as the design files master units. Now one
millimeter of paper will include millimeters of model.
The size of the design does not change, but the scale criteria along with the size and
origin change to reflect the new print unit setting.
Setting the print rotation

Use the Rotation option menu to select an orthogonal rotation.
If you select None, no rotation is applied.
If you select Rotate 90 cw, a rotation of 90 in the clockwise direction is applied.
If you select Rotate 90 ccw, a rotation of 90 in the counterclockwise direction is applied.
If you select 180, a rotation of 180 is applied.
If your administrator has configured your printing preferences so that you can use the
Rotation entry field, you can specify any rotation in the 0-360 degree range as long as you are
not using the View print Area. If working in 3D, you can use the field to rotate only prints
that are not rendered and do not contain a camera definition.
Setting the print position
If the size of the print is smaller than the selected page size, you can control its positioning on
the page.
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Printing Basics
By default, when you open the Print dialog the printed output is maximized. That means it is
drawn to the largest scale that will fit on the selected paper size. Auto-center is also enabled
by default so the printed output is centered on the page.
When you adjust the margins by setting an origin, Auto-center turns off.
The image on the right shows the preview when the origin is set to 0.0
The printed output is no longer centered on the paper
You can turn on Auto-center to center the printed output, or click the Maximize icon to
maximize the printed output on the page, at any time.
Attaching pen tables

Pen tables are text files that let you remap design file element characteristics for printed
output. These are things like color, weight, or the order in which elements are printed. Once a
pen table has been created you simply attach it when it is time to print.
To load an existing pen table, select Attach from the Print dialogs PenTable menu. Select the
pen table you want to attach in the Select Pen Table File dialog and click Open. The effect of
the pen table can be seen in the preview window.
Previewing the printed output

The Print dialogs preview window is good for quickly checking printing parameters.
During the setup process, you may use view controls such as Window Area or the zoom tools
to redefine the view to be printed. After adjusting the view, you must update to ensure that
the preview is displaying the new printing region. Click the Update from View icon to do this.
For more accurate previewing you can open a resizable Preview window. This lets you check
how the printed output will appear more thoroughly, and is useful for checking fine detail. To
open it, click the Preview icon in the Print dialog.
Creating the print

Once you have established settings in the Print dialog you can click the Print icon to create
the print. What happens at this stage depends on your system configuration and your selected
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Printing Basics
printer driver. For a standard configuration, with no modifications to printer driver files or
configuration variables, the print will either go directly to a printer, or will be saved to disk for
later submission.
You can submit printed output to any printer on your network, whether or not it is physically
connected to your system. MicroStation lets you use different methods to submit printed
output.
Send the printed output directly to the system printer whether attached to your system or
on a network.
Send the printed output directly to a locally connected printer through the parallel port
without first creating a print file.
Create a print file on disk and copy this to the printer at a system prompt.
Send output directly to the system printer

To send the printed output directly to the system printer, establish the desired settings in the
Print dialog, select the Windows driver, and click the Print icon.
Send output to a printer through a parallel port without creating a
print file
To do this, establish the desired settings in the Print dialog and click the Print icon. In the
Name field of the Save Print As dialog, enter the name of the parallel port, for example, lpt1:
or lpt2: and then click OK.
Send a print file to a printer through a parallel port
Select Windows Start menu > Run, enter cmd in the Open field of the run dialog and then
press <Enter>. At the system command line, enter:
copy /b <print_file> <port>
where:
print_file is the print file to be sent.
port is the parallel port on your system to which the printer is connected; for example,
lpt1: or lpt2:.
The /b switch specifies that the file is binary.

Exercise: Print to PDF
Nov-08
Continuing in BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn, in the Print dialog, click Print.
In the Save Print As dialog, navigate to a location you will remember.
Save the print as BSI300AE301-Sections-Default.pdf.
263
Creating Complete Scaled Sheets
If Adobe Reader is installed on your system, open the file.
Note: If Adobe Reader is not available, you can complete the exercise series using the Bentley
jpeg.pltcfg driver. Open the file in any imaging application or select Utilities > Image >
Display in MicroStations main menu bar and navigate to the output file to display the
results.

Because MicroStation designs can be printed at any scale, one model can be used in a number
of sheets. For example, one model may be used in an overall plan at 1:100 and parts of it in
other views or details at 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50. With manual drafting, each view or detail must
be drawn separately. Using MicroStation, you only draw the model once. It can then be
referenced to other sheets at various scales. You can use a whole model, or just a portion.
For this reason, planning is required to produce finished sheets with borders. Take text
placement, for example. If you place text elements in the model and it is scaled, then the text
elements also will be scaled.
Working with borders

With manual drafting, you scale a model to fit the border. In MicroStation, you can do this
using scaled references. Or, you can scale a border to fit a model. Borders can be attached as
references or they can be placed in the model as a cell, just like any other symbol.
An advantage with the reference option is that only one model needs to be updated if there is
a change to the standard title block or border.
When putting together a sheet, you can place a full scale border and scale the model, or scale
the border to fit a full scale model.
Using a 1:1 scale border

With manual drafting, there is a full size drawing sheet into which you place scaled views of
models. In MicroStation, you draw the original model at full size and then scale it, as a
reference, to fit the border.
For this method, you first create a sheet model, with the sheet layout set to full size. You
reference a standard border at full scale into this model. Within the confines of this border
you reference the designs at the required scales. All text and dimensioning is placed in the
model at full size.
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Nov-08
When you install MicroStation with the default options a number of sample border files are
delivered to the ANSI, Architectural, and ISO sub-folders of the
\Workspace\System\Borders folder. In each border DGN file there is a default model, in
which the title block is drawn at full scale.
When printing, you print the sheet at full size. The border and text will print at their actual
size while the elements will print to the scale at which they were referenced to the sheet
model.
Exercise: Compose a sheet using a 1:1 border
Continuing in BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn, open the Models dialog.
Click Create a new Model, set the following in the Create model dialog, and click
OK:
Type: Sheet 2D
Name: Print Sheet
Ref Logical: 1:1 border
Scale: Full Size
Size: ISO A1
In the References dialog, attach \Workspace\System\Borders\ISO\A1-border.dgn,

with the following attachment settings:
Model: Default (this is a Full Size 1=1 model)
Detail Scale: Full Size 1=1
In the References dialog, attach

Workspace\Projects\Examples\Building\dgn\Designs\BSI300AE9-Atrium.dgn
with the following attachment settings:
Model: Composite
Nov-08
265
Orientation > Standard Views: Front

Detail Scale: 1:100
Nested Attachments: Live Nesting Depth 4
Toggles: turn on Treat Attachment as an Element for Manipulation
Note: When you set the Detail Scale to 1:100 the ratio of the master units in the active
model to the master units in the attached model (Scale (Master:Ref)) changes to
1:100. The toggle lets you use the Manipulation tools to work with the reference.
5
Click OK and enter a data point to place the reference at the top of the sheet.
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Nov-08
In the References dialog, attach BSI300AE9-Atrium.dgn, with the following

attachment settings:
Model: Floor Plan
Orientation: Coincident
Detail Scale: 1:200
Select Move from the Main toolbox (3 + 2).
Move the reference to the left side of the sheet below the composite model.
In the References dialog, attach BSI300AE9-Atrium.dgn, with the following

attachment settings:
Model: Atrium Ground Floor
Detail Scale: 1:50
10 Fit View to see the reference.

11 Select Move from the Main toolbox and place the reference on the right side of the
sheet.
Nov-08
267
Exercise: Annotate the sheet
Continuing in BSI300AE301-Sections.dgn,select Place Text (A + 1), with the

Method: By Origin
Text Style: Notes
Label the references.
Scaling a border to fit elements

Creating completed scaled sheets that include a border requires extra planning and setup prior
to printing. If you place text elements in a model and it is scaled, then the text elements also
will be scaled.
An alternative to using a 1:1 scale border is to create a sheet model that is scaled to surround
the required part of the model or the required elements. Do this by setting the Annotation
Scale to the required value when creating a sheet model. When you place text with the
Annotation Scale lock on, the text and dimensioning is scaled so that it prints at the correct
size. For example, if a border were 12 times its normal size, all text also would have to be 12
times its normal size.
This sheet model has an annotation scale of 1 inch to 1 foot. No matter how the model is
scaled, the text will always maintain this ratio.
Note: An advantage of referencing a border is that only one file or model needs to be updated if
there is a change to the standard title block or border.
Now you can reference the elements that you want to print at a scale of 1:1.
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In such a case, when the final printed output is created, you would use the scale of 1:12 to
reduce the border and text back to their normal size. At the same time, the elements will be
reduced by the same ratio. You print the sheet model at a scale that returns the border back to
its normal size, at the same time scaling the elements, text, and any dimensioning that was
placed using an annotation scale.
The sample borders delivered with MicroStation each have a default model, in which the title
block is drawn at full scale. This model then is referenced to other models for various scales,
including Full Scale.
Simply select the desired scale model when attaching the border as a reference or when
placing it as a cell. The description for each model indicates the size required for any text in
order to produce standard size text in the printed output.
Module Review
Questions
Nov-08
How is the initial print area determined?
True or False: When you change the output color mode, it changes the colors in the
design file.
What does the Full option do?
Why would you change the scale units (Settings > Units in the Print dialog)?
What does a pen table do?
What is the difference between using the Windows printer and a Bentley printer
driver?
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Answers
1
When the Print dialog is opened, if the active model is a sheet model, the print area is
obtained from it. If no sheet definition exists, but there is a fence, the fence defines
the print area. If no sheet definition or fence exists, the print area is the first open
view window.
False. The colors in the design file do not change. Only the print reflects the change.
Maximizes the portion of the sheet that is used. The print size will be the size of the
entire sheet. Some geometry may be clipped by the printer if it falls into the area
around the edge of the paper.
A printers units and your design file units are not always the same. You set the scale
for the design as a ratio of its working units to the printer units.
Lets you produce printed output that looks different from the on-screen view. By
using different pen tables, you can produce printed output having different element
symbology to that of the original model.
Selecting Windows driver loads the Windows printer driver configuration file.
Bentley drivers are text files that supply all the necessary information to create a print
or plot, in a particular plotter language format.
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Design Labs
What to Design
The total floor area of a floor framing plan for a small, self-contained, area is 206 square
meters. However, the total space available for development is less than 154 square meters.
The dashed lines define circulation space, which must remain clear. Starting with a new file,
you must draw the floor plan and lay out workstations in the area.
Each work station will consist of a cubicle with an L-shaped computer table with dividing
partitions, a utility casing post, which can be shared among stations, and a chair.
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Design Problem 1
How to Design
The sketch shows all parts of the cubicle and the dimensions. Using this, complete the space
utilization design.
Parameters
The room must contain at least 18 work stations, but place as many work stations as you
can fit into the available space.
Provide aisles to give access to work stations. Aisles must be at least 70 centimeters wide.
Avoid the columns in the center of the floor space.
Here are 2 arrangements for clustering work stations.
How to Design
Design Problem 1
Create a new file for the floor plan.
Draw the outer and inner walls and doors.
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Review the Design
Draw the circulation area, which is centered on the room.
Draw square circulation zones, which should be centered horizontally and spaced
evenly vertically.
Design the first L shaped workstation.

Consider using Place SmartLine and AccuDraw.
Draw the cabinet.
Draw the equipment cable access portal.
Draw the utility casing post.
Draw the chair.

Next, solve the space utilization plan. Fit cubicles in various cluster layouts.
10 Use Copy, Move, Rotate, and Mirror to place at least 18 cubicles, keeping aisle
spacing and walking areas clear.
Review the Design

Review the criteria and verify that your design meets them.
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Design Problem 1
What to Design
What to Design
This lab creates a P & ID diagram.
How to design
Design Problem 1
Create a new file.
Following the schematic, create cells for the various features.
Place the created cells in the proper locations.
Draw the connecting piping.
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and Settings
Keyboard Shortcuts
AccuDraw tries to anticipate your next move but it cannot always predict your intentions, so
there are single and double character shortcut key-ins to help direct it. By pressing the
appropriate key you can direct AccuDraw to perform a specific operation. Pop-ups confirm
single letter shortcuts below the input field.
Nov-08
Show Shortcuts
Opens the AccuDraw Shortcuts window
Bump Tool Setting
Move tool settings to the next value to set
Lock Angle
Toggles the lock status for the Angle value
Base Rotation
Rotates the drawing plane to the last non-content rotation, that

is: Top, Front, Side, View, or Auxiliary. Select the shortcut
again to return the drawing plane to its previous rotation
Center Snap
Activates Center snap mode
Lock Distance
Toggles the lock status for the Distance value
Cycle Rotation
Rotates between three main planes: Top, Front, and Side (3D
only). This also works when your original plane is an ACS or
context rotation, so you do not have to use RX, RY to rotate to
a 90 degree plane
Enter
Smart Lock
Smart Lock
In Rectangular coordinates, locks X to 0 if the pointer is on
the drawing plane y-axis or sets Y to 0 if the pointer is on
the x-axis
In Polar coordinates, locks Angle to 0, 90, -90, or 180 if
the pointer is on a drawing plane axis or otherwise locks
Distance to its last entered value
Front Rotation
Rotates the drawing plane to align with the axes in a standard

Front view
GA
Get ACS
Retrieve a saved ACS
GK
Go to Keyin
Opens or moves focus to the Key-in browser
GS
Go to Settings
Opens or moves focus to the AccuDraw Settings dialog
GT
Go to Tool Settings
Moves focus to the tool settings window.
HA
AccuDraw on Hold
AccuDraw on Hold temporarily disables AccuDraw
HS
AccuSnap Toggle
AccuSnap Toggle toggles the state of AccuSnap off or on
HU
AccuSnap Suspend
AccuSnap Suspend stops AccuSnap until the next tool is

selected
Intersect Snap
Activate the Intersect snap
Snap Divisor
Opens the Keypoint Snap Divisor settings box to set the Snap
Divisor for Keypoint snapping
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AccuDraw Settings
Lock Index
Locks the current index state. If an axis or distance is not

indexed, <L> disables indexing. On the other hand, if an axis
or distance is indexed, <L> locks indexing. The effect is
temporary, lasting only until you enter another data point or
run the shortcut again
Point Keyin (multi)
Opens the data point Key-in settings dialog for entering

multiple data points
Nearest Snap
Activate the Nearest snap
Set Origin
Moves the drawing plane origin to the current pointer position.
Point Keyin (single)
Opens the data Point Key-in settings box for entering a single
data point
Quit AccuDraw
Deactivate AccuDraw
RA
Rotate ACS
Used to permanently rotate the drawing plane. Because it

rotates the current ACS, this rotation remains active after the
current command terminates
RC
Rotate to Current
ACS
Rotates the compass to the current ACS
RE
Rotate Element
You can define AccuDraw rotation by selecting an element.

Tool settings let you choose to move the origin or update the
current ACS as well
RQ
Rotate Quick
Used to quickly and temporarily rotate the drawing plane
RV
Rotate View
Rotate View puts the view into a dynamic rotation mode
RX
Rotate about X
Rotates the drawing plane 90 about its x-axis
RY
Rotate about Y
Rotates the drawing plane 90 about its y-axis
RZ
Rotate about Z
Rotates the drawing plane 90 about its z-axis
Side Rotation

Right (side) view
Space
Change Mode
Toggles between Rectangular and Polar coordinates
Top Rotation

Top view
View Rotation
Rotates the drawing plane to align with the view axes
WA
Write to ACS
Saves the drawing plane alignment as an ACS
Lock X
Toggles the lock status for the X value
Lock Y
Toggles the lock status for the Y value
Lock Z
Toggles the lock status for the Z value
AccuDraw Settings
Many aspects of AccuDraws behavior can be set using custom settings. Set them in the
AccuDraw's Settings dialog. Use one of the following methods to access it.
Select Settings > AccuDraw.
Press <GS> while the input focus is on the AccuDraw window.
Right click on the AccuDraw icon in the Primary Tools toolbox and select Properties.
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AccuDraw Settings
Operation tab
Auto load
The Auto Load setting forces AccuDraw to open at the beginning of each session. Turn this
off if you would rather use the Toggle AccuDraw tool to start AccuDraw manually.
Floating origin
The floating origin is turned on by default. It instructs AccuDraw to move the compass to the
last data point. The AccuDraw compass remains in a fixed position until you enter another
data point or reposition the origin with the <O> shortcut. Floating origin must be on for all
context sensitivity features to perform properly.
Hint: It may be useful to disable this feature when a drawing task includes creating multiple
elements which are referenced from the same location.
Context sensitivity
When this setting is on, context sensitivity enables tools to provide hints to AccuDraw to
override its default behavior for smoother operation. This can include setting custom context
rotations, setting the origin, locking values, or setting the coordinate system type.
AccuDraws compass rotates to the
last element placed with Context
Sensitivity turned on.
AccuDraws compass does not

rotate to align with the last
placed element if Context
Sensitivity is turned off
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AccuDraw Settings
Auto focus fields

If on, the <A> and <D> AccuDraw shortcuts set focus to the selected field and lock the
current value.
If off, the <A> and <D> AccuDraw shortcuts lock the current value without affecting the
focus. This setting is for Polar coordinates only.
Display tab
This tab contains settings that change the various display features. This includes items such as
the colors of the axis ticks, the highlight when indexing, the frame and the fill.
In addition, there are three key-in commands that are entered from the keyboard that can
affect AccuDraws display.
AccuDraw Settings Size xx

Where xx is a value between 6 and 399. This sets the size of the AccuDraw compass
which has a default size of 40.
AccuDraw Settings Northeast

This changes the AccuDraw windows field labels from X and Y to N (North) and E
(East).
AccuDraw Settings XY
This changes the AccuDraw windows field labels to the default X and Y.
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AccuDraw Settings
Coordinates tab
This tab is used to define the Coordinate System, Unit Roundoff, and Indexing settings.
Coordinate System
This section contains controls that are used to rotate AccuDraw's drawing plane and to set
AccuDraw's Coordinate System.
Rotation
Sets the rotation of the drawing plane axes. While the AccuDraw window has the focus,
pressing the key combination has the same effect as choosing the specified rotation.
Type
Sets the method used in the AccuDraw window to specify distances and angles relative to the
drawing plane origin.
Unit Round Off

This section contains controls that are used to set the incremental round off value for
distances and angles relative to the drawing plane origin in the Polar Coordinate system only.
Distance
Sets the roundoff value for distances relative to the drawing plane origin. When this is on, the
roundoff value is effective, except if overridden by keyed in values or snapped tentative
points.
Angle
Sets the roundoff value, in degrees, for angles relative to the drawing plane origin when in
Polar mode. While this is on, the roundoff value is effective except if overridden by keyed in
values or snapped tentative points.
Note: These settings do not affect keyed in values and snapped tentative points.
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AccuDraw Settings
Indexing
This section contains the settings controlling AccuDraws indexing to axes, the origin, and the
previous distance entered.
Axis
If on, indexing is activated for AccuDraw's drawing plane X and Y axes. The distance
required to move the pointer from the indexed axis is controlled by the Tolerance setting.
Distance
If on, sets the minimum distance that the pointer must move from the AccuDraw origin in
order to place a new data point. The minimum distance is controlled by the Tolerance setting.
Tolerance
Sets the minimum distance, in screen pixels, used by the Axis and Distance settings. Allowable
values are 1 to 99.
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Glossary
A
accept
To click the Data button to approve the placement of a data point at the location of a
tentative point or to confirm the identification of an element that is highlighted.
AccuDraw
Drafting aid used to apply precision to geometry without affecting the flow of drafting or
sacrificing the interactivity afforded by dynamic update.
AccuSnap
A snapping mode that may be used by itself, or in combination with AccuDraw, to reduce the
number of button presses required during a design session. AccuSnap provides graphical
assistance a smart pointer for snapping to elements.
action string
Defines the action MicroStation performs when a tool is selected or a menu item is chosen.
active angle
The angle, in degrees, used with cell placement and text placement tools that require an angle
specification.
active attributes
The setting that determines the color, line style, and line weight of an element upon
placement.
active cell
The cell that is placed with the cell placement tools.
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Glossary
active class
The class (primary or construction) of an element upon placement. DGN files are normally
composed of primary elements. Construction elements are usually placed to help place
primary elements and are usually not plotted.
active color
The setting that determines the color of an element upon placement.
active color table
The set of up to 256 colors from which the active color can be selected. The active color
table is modified, attached, and saved in the Color Table dialog.
active command
The command that has most recently been activated from a toolbox, menu, or key-in.
active control indicator
The dotted rectangle that indicates the input focus in dialogs.
active DGN file
The DGN file currently opened for viewing and/or manipulation.
active font
The setting that determines the font of a text element upon placement.
active level
The setting that determines the level upon which an element is placed.
active pattern angle(s)
The setting that determines the angle at which the active pattern cell is placed by Pattern
Area, the angle of the lines placed using Hatch Area, or two settings that determine the angles
of the lines placed using Crosshatch Area.
active pattern cell
The setting that determines the cell that is used for patterning.
Glossary
282
Nov-08
active pattern scale

The setting that determines the scale at which the active pattern cell is placed during area
patterning and linear patterning.
active pattern spacing
The distance(s) between adjacent pattern cells placed using Pattern Area. The distance(s)
between lines placed using Hatch Area or Crosshatch Area.
active point
The setting that determines whether a cell, symbol, or zero-length line is drawn by the point
placement tools.
active scale factor(s)
The setting that determines the amount of scaling applied to a cell when placed, to selected
elements, or to a fence contents when using Scale. The scale factors in the X-, Y-, or Zdirection can be identical or each can be different.
active line style
The setting that determines the line style of an element upon placement.
active text height
The setting that determines the height of text upon placement.
active text width
The setting that determines the width of text upon placement.
active line weight
The setting that determines the line weight of an element upon placement.
align view
To make one view display the same area (in 2D) or the same volume (in 3D) as another view.
alphanumeric
A string of characters that takes the form of letters, numbers, and some symbols (e.g. @, $,
and punctuation).
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Glossary
alternate key-in
A short cut way to enter a key-in command. For example, AA= is an alternate key-in for
ACTIVE ANGLE.
annotation
Detailing, such as text, symbols, dimensions, and flags, added to a model for emphasis and to
provide explanation.
annotation scale
Optional scale factor applicable to text and dimension elements and to the non-printing
Sheet Layout element. Turn on the Annotation Scale lock to apply the annotation scale if you
will create your sheet model by scaling the drawing border to fit your design. Applying the
annotation scale will ensure that when the scaled print is created, annotations are at the
correct physical size.
application software
Software that lets you more efficiently perform specific tasks with MicroStation. These
applications include: MDL applications, key-in scripts, and macros.
arc
A regularly curved open element that has a constant radius around a single center point.
area attribute
Whether an area is a solid or a hole.
area patterning
Placement of the active pattern cell (at the active pattern angle, scale, and spacing) in an area
bounded by a shape, ellipse, circle, fence, or complex shape. The cell is repeated in a
rectangular array spacing as many times as necessary to fill the area.
aspect ratio
Height divided by width.
associated dimensions
Dimensions that update as the element they dimension is modified.
Glossary
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Nov-08
association lock
The setting that, when turned on, causes element associations to be created when an element
is snapped to while using Place Multi-line, a dimensioning tool, or a cell placement tool (with
Use Shared Cells on).
association point
A point created by snapping while using Place Multi-line, a dimensioning tool, or a cell
placement tool (with Use Shared Cells on) when Association Lock is turned on. An
association point does not have its own coordinates, but is positioned by the coordinates of
the point with which it is associated.
attach
To activate a (paper, cursor button, or sidebar) menu. To define (a cell library, color table, or
reference) for use with a DGN file.
attributes
Line color, line style, line weight, and fill color (for closed elements).
axis increment
The setting that determines, in conjunction with axis start angle, the possible axes for data
points when Axis Lock is on. For example, if axis increment is 45 degrees and axis start angle
is 0 degrees, the possible axes are 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 degrees.
axis lock
The lock that forces data points to be placed at axes that are at specific angles from the most
recent data point or tentative point, constraining the movement of elements or placement to
multiples of the Axis Increment from the Axis Start Angle.
axis start angle
The setting that determines (in conjunction with axis increment) the possible axes for data
points when Axis Lock is on. For example, if axis increment is 60 degrees and axis start angle
is 30 degrees, the possible axes are 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, and 330 degrees.
B
B-spline curve
A free-form, parametrically defined curve in which each pole (vertex) has an influence over a
defined range of the curve.
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Glossary
B-spline surface
A free-form, parametrically defined surface in which each pole (vertex) has an influence over
a defined range of the surface.
balanced colors
A representative spread of colors evenly spaced across the color spectrum.
bitmap
Pixel oriented (raster) data. Bitmaps are created by capturing an image on the screen
(hardware) or can be generated by an algorithm (software).
block
A rectangular shape.
buttons
Areas in dialogs that you click to start, save, or dismiss an operation.
C
CALS
The United States Department of Defense Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistic
Support initiative, which was created to integrate and standardize all digital data received from
Department of Defense suppliers. MicroStation supports CALS compliance by providing
corresponding settings files.
cascade
The arrangement of stacked views of windows or views in numerical order, with the lowest
numbered view entirely visible and the title bars of all other views visible.
cavity wall
An architectural term for a wall that is not solid.
cell
A complex element composed of a group of primitive or other complex elements that is
stored in a cell library for repeated placement.
Glossary
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Nov-08
cell definition
The graphical elements that make up a cell.
cell library
A file that is used to store cells. To access cells in a cell library, the library must be attached to
the active DGN file, except if the Cell Selector dialog is used.
cell origin
The point, specified during cell creation, about which the cell is placed (the origin
corresponds to the data point when the cell is placed in the design).
CGM
Computer Graphics Metafile, which is an ANSI standard for the exchange of picture data
between different graphics software that is device- and environment-independent.
chamfer
To cut a line across two linear elements, connecting the elements and modifying either one or
both of the original elements.
check box
A square box in a dialog or setting box that can be clicked to toggle the associated setting.
class
An element attribute, usually primary or construction.
click
To press or tap once on a cursor or mouse button; to press a push button or check button in
a dialog.
clip
To divide an area, elements, or portions of elements in a design from the rest for
manipulation or display.
clipping boundary
A boundary (established with a fence or from a named view) that separates the part of a
reference that is displayed from the part that is hidden.
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Glossary
clip mask
Used with the Raster Manager or Reference tools, a clip mask allows you lets you clip out a
portion of the image. Masking can be used, for example, to clear an area for text display.
closed
Elements that completely enclose the area within their boundaries.
closed B-Spline
A complex curve that starts and ends at the same point, and encloses an area.
cloud
See revision cloud.
coincident
Attaching a reference by aligning the coordinates of its design plane with those of the active
DGN file, without any rotation, scaling, or offset.
coincident reference attachment
A coincident reference has a one-to-one correspondence between its design plane and the
design plane of the active DGN file. If the working units settings and global origin are
identical in the two files, the coordinates in working units are identical as well.
color book
A collection of named, true (RGB) colors. PANTONE and RAL color books are featured
among the color books supplied with MicroStation.
color fill
An attribute that, when applied to a closed element, indicates the element's enclosed area as a
solid shape of color.
color table
In a DGN file, the color table determines the correspondence between the 256-color
attribute values and display colors. It is displayed in a dialog.
column
In a database table or file, a column or field represents the properties of objects (which are
represented by records or rows.)
Glossary
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Nov-08
command
An instruction that tells MicroStation what to do. Commands are activated with tools in
toolboxes, pull down menus, settings and dialogs, key-ins, and function keys. All commands
can be activated with a key-in.
command button
The button on a mouse or digitizing tablet cursor (puck) that is pressed to select a menu
block in a paper menu.
command file
A text file containing an SQL statement.
command menu
Paper mounted on the surface of a digitizing menu with blocks of varying sizes and shapes.
compass
A square or circle used to indicate the AccuDraw drawing plane origin, axes, and coordinate
system. Color-coded hash marks indicate the positive X and Y axes.
complex chain
An open complex element that is formed from a series of open elements, such as lines, line
strings, and arcs.
complex element
An element created by combining several primitive elements.
complex shape
A closed complex element formed from a series of open primitive elements.
components
Groups of settings that comprise drawing settings group. Component types are: linear, text,
cell, point, area pattern, hatching, dimension, and multi-line.
configuration variables
Equivalence strings that define where MicroStation is to look for certain files or classes of
files. Configuration variables are tools for customizing your MicroStation working
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Glossary
environment. For example, MicroStation knows to search for references in the directory (or
semicolon-separated list of directories) specified in the configuration variable MS_RFDIR.
construction
A type of element that is placed as a guideline from which to compose actual elements
comprising a design.
construction element
See active class.
controls
Parts of a dialog such as text fields, check boxes, and option menus.
coordinate
Location of a point in the design plane along the X (horizontal), Y (vertical), and Z (depth
[3D only]) axes relative to the global origin.
coordinate readout
Format and precision with which coordinate, measurement, and angle data is displayed in the
status bar and in settings and dialogs.
cross-section
A view of the interior of an object as it is sliced along a plane.
crosshair
The crosshair located on the digitizing tablet cursor is used as the positioning target to select
a menu block from a paper menu. The crosshair pointer on the screen is used with element
placement tools.
crosshatch
The process of constructing two sets of evenly spaced lines in a closed area bounded by a
complex shape, closed element, or fence at the active pattern angles and spacing.
CSV file
Comma-separated values file: The CSV file format is an interchange format for tabular data,
such as the contents of a flat file database or a table in a relational database. In this text file
format, the first line contains the database field (column) names separated by commas. Each
Glossary
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Nov-08
successive line corresponds to a database record (row). On each such line, the subject record's
field values are separated by commas.
cursor
Hand-held tablet cursor. Commonly called a puck.
cursor button menu
A set of actions assigned to buttons on a tablet cursor.
D
data button
The button on a mouse or digitizing tablet that is pressed to enter data points, identify
elements for manipulation, accept a previous action, select tools, and operate dialog controls.
data point
Input entered using the pointing device that designates a point in the design.
default font
The font used to display a text element in the design when the font with which the element
was placed is not found.
delete
To remove an element(s) from the DGN file.
design cube
The space in which elements are created in a 3D design.
DGN workmode
The default MicroStation workmode in which the full functionality of the application is
enabled.
DGN file
MicroStation document file that contains one or more models. These models may be design
models or sheet models.
DGN library
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Glossary
A DGN file that contains data resources, such as cells, levels, and styles, that are shared
throughout files and among users. Sometimes referred to as a DGNLib. The recommend file
extension is .dgnlib.
design composition
A working collection of references used in the performance of particular engineering tasks.
Design compositions are used by engineers and other technical professionals to communicate
through the visual content of their designs.
design geometry
The construction geometry and the constraints that make up a complete design.
design history
The historical record of changes to the DGN file. Enables you to restore earlier revisions of
a DGN file. When you create a revision, Design History captures the state of the DGN file at
that moment.
design model
A model is a container for elements. Models can be either 2D or 3D, but they are most useful
in their 3D form. It may be helpful to think of a DGN file as a stack of cards, with each card
being a model. Every model has its own set of eight views. The model whose views are
displayed or available for display at a given time is the active model.
design plane
The area in which elements are created in a 2D design.
design session
The period during which a DGN file is active.
detailing symbol
Symbols placed for the purpose of detailing a design. Examples are title text, detail, section,
material callout markers, and leaders.
destination view
A view that can be designated for attaching saved attributes and displays from a source view.
dialog
Glossary
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Nov-08
A window displayed on the screen that presents various controls that can be manipulated to
set values that MicroStation will use.
digital certificate
DGN files can be protected by certificates. Users can be granted access to that certificate and
all the rights to the file associated with certificate.
digital rights
The type of rights (i.e. view, edit , export, etc.) to a protected file assigned to a user.
digital signatures
The mechanism for indicating one's approval of DGN files to other users and
communicating approval in a verifiable manner.
digitizing
The process of coding graphic information from paper sources (such as a map or other
drawing) into a DGN file using a tablet.
digitizing partition
The area of a digitizing tablet in which the tablet cursor controls the screen pointer only
within the part of the design in which features of the hard copy are being mapped. See
partition, screen partition.
dimension
A label in a design owing a linear, angular, or radial distance or angle measurement.
dimension attributes
The settings for all components of dimension elements, including text (color, weight, font,
height, and width), lines (color, style, weight, and alternates), and level.
dimension element
An element that contains all of the lines, arcs, terminators, and text in a dimension.
dimension line terminators
Symbols placed at the end of dimension lines that clarify the meaning of the dimensions.
dimension line
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Glossary
The line component of a dimension that is usually parallel to and the same length as the
object being dimensioned.
dimension style
A named group of dimension settings such as terminators, units, formats, and symbology.
Commonly stored for usage as a shared data resource in a DGN library. Dimension styles
allow you to place dimensions within a model in a consistent and automated manner.
dimensional constraints
The constraints that define the exact dimensions of a construction.
display cube
In a 3D design, the volume of the design that appears in a view.
display depth
Collectively, the front and back of the view cube.
display mode
Determines whether the contents of a view are continuously rendered and, if so, the type of
rendering.
dithering
The process of alternating two or more colors pixel by pixel across the screen to seemingly
create a third color not available in the color palette.
double click
To press or tap twice in quick succession on a cursor button or mouse button, or to press on
a list box item in a dialog twice in quick succession.
drawing composition
A method in which views of the model are attached to a sheet model as references. Sheet files
with attached references can also be established independent of the design model file so that
a wider range of individuals may access these files.
drawing plane
Glossary
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Nov-08
The plane on which data points are previewed with AccuDraw. In 3D, all data points will lie
on this plane unless supplied by tentative point snap or by precision input key-in.
drawing plane coordinate system
The coordinate system (Rectangular or Polar) that defines the orientation of the drawing
plane.
drawing plane origin
The origin of the drawing plane coordinate system.
drop complex element
To return the primitive elements composing a complex element to their primitive element
status.
DXF
A drawing exchange file format supported by most CAD packages. MicroStation reads and
writes DXF files. A DXF file, when opened and subsequently modified in MicroStation is
saved as DXF.
DWG files
AutoCAD binary files that may be directly opened in MicroStation.
DWG workmode
The MicroStation workmode in which certain functionality is disabled by default in order to
restrict MicroStation to creating only engineering data that can be stored in DWG format.
DWG workmode is enabled by default when a DWG file is opened.
dynamic display
A temporary representation, which moves when the pointer moves, that MicroStation
displays until the placement is complete.
dynamic update
The display of elements being drawn or modifications being made, which moves as the
pointer moves, before the element or modification is entered into the design.
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Glossary
E
edges hidden line removal
Creates a DGN file where the lines hidden by surfaces (in the view the edges file was
generated from) are removed.
edit handles
See handles.
element
One of the entities that make up a DGN file. See graphic element.
element attributes
Color, line style, line weight, class, level, and fill. Other element attributes apply only to
certain element types.
element manipulation
To delete, copy, move, rotate, mirror, or scale existing graphic elements in the design.
element placement
Tools used to place or construct graphic elements in the design.
element symbology
The color, line style, and line weight of an element.
element tag
Where associated data is stored in the DGN file with the graphical elements. Tags allow you
to associate non-graphical data to elements in the DGN file if the data is relatively simple or if
you must maintain compatibility with other CAD packages that store data inside their drawing
files. The associated tag data may be copied from the tag, loaded into a database and linked
back to the tag.
element template
An element template is a component of a DGN library that defines properties of elements.
Templates can be applied to existing elements. They can also be used to set the MicroStation
active settings that are used for element placement. The primary purpose of templates is to
increase consistency when drawing.
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Nov-08
enter data field

One or more placeholders representing characters that reserve space in a text element for
future input.
enter data field special character
The character used during text entry to designate a character position in an enter data field.
entity
The fundamental unit of data in a DWG, DXF, IGES, or CGM file. In general, entities are
the equivalent of MicroStation elements.
extension
A suffix of characters optionally separated from the main part of a filename by a period (.)
character. Traditionally, these have been used to designate the type of the file. For example,
.dgn is commonly used to represent a DGN file.
extension lines
Component of dimensions that consists of lines extending from the dimensioned points to
the dimension line.
F
fast display
A view attribute setting in which the display changes to an abbreviated form of the
information which would normally be displayed. The nature of the information in the design
does not change; only the presentation of it in the view changes. Fast display can be selected
for cells, curves, text, and fonts.
feature
A part of a solids model created using feature modeling tools.
feature control frames
Indicators of geometric tolerancing in a design.
feature modeling
A technique for creating models with parametric-based solids using tools designed for this
purpose.
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Glossary
fence
A polygonal boundary that designates multiple elements for simultaneous manipulation using
fence tools.
fence contents
The elements and portions of elements operated on by fence tools determined by the fence
selection mode. These elements can be enclosed by, outside of, or overlap the fence.
fence manipulation
Tools that operate on fence contents.
fence selection mode
A setting that determines a fence contents.
field
In text, a container for a derived element, model, or file property.
In a dialog, an area into which a filename or other keyboard input can be entered.
In a non-graphical database, a column.
filename
Denotes the string used when calling for a generic file.
filled
Element that is colored within the planar element boundaries, as opposed to being displayed
as just an outline.
filled hidden line
A rendering method that generates a surface model in which each visible surface is filled with
the element color.
fillet
An arc constructed between and tangent to two converging lines.
filter
A filename pattern that limits filenames displayed in a list to those fitting the pattern. For
example, *.dgn.
Glossary
298
Nov-08
fit
A viewing operation that expands the area seen within a view to include all elements on all
levels turned on in the view.
fitted view
View that shows all elements on the levels turned on in the view.
flag
A bitmapped image (raster element) with or without an associated explanatory message used
for annotating a design with reminders or suggestions for future changes.
floating
A dialog, toolbox, or other part of MicroStation's graphical user interface that can be
positioned freely on screen.
font
A style of lettering. Fonts are identified by both a number and a font name.
font library
A file that contains fonts for use by MicroStation or other applications. These fonts may
include TTF and SHX formats.
function keys
Application keys that are programmable; located at the top of the keyboard.
function key menu
A way to assign actions to the function keys on the keyboard.
G
geometric tolerancing
Specification of how much a manufactured object can deviate from the geometry shown in a
design.
geometry
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Glossary
Type of entity that defines physical shapes, including points, curves, surfaces, solids, and
relations (collections of similarly structured entities).
global origin
Location of the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system in design plane coordinates. When
design plane positions are specified or reported in working units, they are relative to the
global origin.
graphic
A type of cell in which the symbology (color, line style, and line weight) is determined when
it is created.
graphic element
A graphic component of the design. Referred to in user documentation as simply an
element.
graphic group
A permanent grouping of elements (primitive or complex). An element can be a member of
only one graphic group at a time.
graphic group lock
The setting that, when on, causes all elements in a graphic group to be manipulated
whenever one member of the graphic group is manipulated. For example, if an element in a
graphic group is deleted with Graphic Group Lock on, all elements in the graphic group are
likewise deleted.
grid lock
The setting that, when on, forces all graphically entered data points to the grid point nearest
to the specified point.
grid
A matrix of grid points (dots) and grid references (crosses) at user-defined intervals, used as a
visual aid or in conjunction with the Grid Lock setting for precision input.
grid points
Evenly spaced points in the design plane located at integer multiples of the grid units from
the global origin.
Glossary
300
Nov-08
grid references
Reference crosses spaced at user-defined intervals on the grid.
grid units
The settings that specify the distance between adjacent grid points and the number of grid
points between grid references.
group
A complex element (actually an unnamed cell) that is not defined in a cell library. Groups can
be created to keep elements together, or to be copied for repeated placement in a design.
H
handles
Small squares drawn on (or sometimes near) elements to indicate that they have been
selected. This provides an alternative to highlighting.
hatch
The process of constructing a set of evenly spaced lines in a closed area.
help articles
Text that displays in the Help window to explain particular concepts, features, and
procedures in MicroStation.
help topics
A list of the areas covered by help articles that displays in the Help window.
hidden line
A rendering method that generates a surface model.
highlight color
The color in which an element is displayed upon identification for manipulation.
hole elements
Elements whose area attribute is set to hole, as opposed to solid.
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Glossary
hypertext
The text that appears in color in the online help and lets you jump from topic to topic by
selecting it.
I
identify
To enter a data point on an element to distinguish it for manipulation or modification.
IGDS
Interactive Graphics Design Software, the software that ran on Intergraph VAX-based CAD
systems.
IGES
Initial Graphics Exchange Specification, a public domain, ANSI standard, neutral file format
that is intended as an international standard for the exchange of product definition data
between different CAD/CAM systems.
input focus
The settings or dialog control upon which the next keystroke will act has the input focus.
insert mode
If on, new characters are inserted at the insertion point.
insertion point
The point, represented by a vertical bar, at which new characters are inserted.
inside
Elements completely enclosed in a fence are inside the fence.
instance
An occurrence of a shared cell that is placed in a design.
isometric
The standard view that shows top, left, and front facets of a design.
Glossary
302
Nov-08
Isometric (Iso) view

Standard view in a 3D design where the top, left, and front faces of a cube drawn orthogonal
to the design cube axes are equally inclined to the screen surface.
item
In a dialog, any control such as a text field, check box, or option menu.
J
joints
Intersections of multi-lines.
K
key combination
The <Ctrl>, <Alt>, and <Shift> keys, which may be used in conjunction with the function
keys to create new function key definitions.
key-in
An instruction entered into the Key-in window to control MicroStation. Most key-ins have
GUI control equivalents.
Key-in window
A window used to scroll through lists of key-ins, construct key-ins, and submit key-ins to
MicroStation. Opens when Key-in is chosen from the Utilities menu.
keypoint
Points on an element to which a tentative point will snap when Snap Lock is on activated
within Keypoint mode.
keypoint snap mode
If active, entering a tentative point close enough to an element causes the tentative point to
snap to a keypoint on the element.
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303
Glossary
L
level
In the MicroStation DGN file format, the number of levels is unlimited, and the minimum
number of levels is 1. You can delete unused levels. All levels are named and have default
colors, line weights, and line styles, providing the foundation for numerous enhancements. An
important benefit of the level system is the ability to standardize level structures across DGN
files.
level filter
Filtering the level entries in the list boxes in the Level Display and Level Manager dialogs lets
you search and sort these entries.
level group
A set of levels that can be collectively manipulated and displayed.
level lock
The setting that, when turned on, prevents selection or manipulation of any element that is
not on the active level.
level structure
The hierarchical organization of levels after they are grouped.
level symbology
A view setting that, when turned on, causes all elements on a particular level to be displayed
with the same element symbology.
line string
An open graphic element composed of line segments connected at the vertices.
line style
A part of the symbology of an element, for example, whether a line is solid, continuous
dashes, dots and dashes, and so on. Each element can have its own line style or each can be
defined by separate symbology. You can create custom line styles.
line style component
Any of the properties such as stroke patterns, point symbols, and compound components
that apply to a line style.
Glossary
304
Nov-08
line style definition

A line style name and its corresponding line style components stored in a line style library.
line style modifiers
Properties that can be applied to a line style to modify it as elements are placed, without
requiring separate line style definitions.
line terminator
A cell placed at the end of an open element, oriented in the direction of the element. A
commonly used line terminator is an arrowhead placed at the end of a line segment.
line weight
An index in the range 0 to 31 that designates the weight or thickness of the lines used to draw
or plot a graphic element. Each element has its own line weight.
linear patterning
The repetitive placement of the active pattern cell along a line, line string, shape, arc, circle,
ellipse, or curve element.
link
Pointer to project data.
link set
Set of links. Create and open link sets using the Project Explorer dialog (File > Project
Explorer).
list box
Rectangular areas in which files, directories, or other items are listed for selection or
reference.
locate
To find an element in the DGN file.
locate tolerance
A setting that determines the size of the area surrounding the element selection or
identification pointer in which MicroStation can locate elements.
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Glossary
locks
Settings that you selectively enable or disable. Locks affect the way MicroStation interprets
and reacts to your input.
M
macro
A software program that automates an often-used, usually short sequence of operations.
macro language
Used to represent macro code a dialect of BASIC with MicroStation-specific extensions.
manipulate
To copy, move, rotate, scale, mirror, or delete an element or group of elements.
mark
See dimension mark.
mask
An area of a reference that is not displayed.
master units
The largest units in common use in a model.
matrix menus
Paper (mounted on the surface of a digitizing tablet) menus that contain menu blocks of a
fixed size organized in rows and columns.
maximized
When a dialog or window is drawn to the largest scale that will fit on the selected paper size.
mechanical dimension format
Dimensions that conform to mechanical design conventions.
Glossary
306
Nov-08
menu
One method for activating a MicroStation command, including pull-down menus, toolboxes,
function key menus, and paper menus.
menu item
Any of the list of options on a pull-down menu.
MicroStation Development Language (MDL)
Allows programmers to execute C language code within MicroStation.
mirror
A manipulation that reverses the geometry of graphic elements about a horizontal, vertical,
or specified arbitrary line.
mnemonic access character
The underlined character in each menu name and menu item.
model
A DGN file component that contain elements. Design models can be either 2D or 3D, but
they are most useful in their 3D form. Sheet models, which are flat and used for drawing
composition, are ordinarily 2D. By default, the view windows of a design model have black
backgrounds, and the view windows of a sheet model have white backgrounds.
modify handles
See handles.
module
A subdirectory tree under MicroStation's directory that contains data files in the sample
workspaces.
monument point
A known landmark point in the design plane. Monument points are used to orient references.
MSCATALOG
A table that must be contained in every non-graphical database with linkages to elements.
MSCATALOG contains information associated with each table that is used by the database
server.
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Glossary
multi-snap
A list of snap modes applied sequentially. You can define three multi-snaps.
multi-line element
A set of two or more parallel lines treated as a single object, commonly used for drawing
walls in floor plans. A multi-line element can be defined to include up to 16 separate lines,
each with its own symbology, level, and class.
multi-line style
A named multi-line element definition commonly stored for usage as a shared data resource
in a DGN library. Multi-line styles allow you to place multi-lines within a model in a
consistent and automated manner.
N
nested
When part of a cell is used as part of an additional cell.
nested reference attachments
MicroStation provides live nested reference attachments as an alternative to flattening all
reference attachments in the active model. When this option is enabled, changes to reference
attachments in designs that are referenced to other designs are reflected the next time either
the active model's views are updated or the file is reopened.
node
Shorthand for text node. Also a computer in a network.
non-coincidental reference attachment
A non-coincident reference is offset, rotated, or scaled from the active DGN file.
non-graphic database
A collection of tables representing objects that, unlike DGN file elements, are not
conveniently represented in pictorial form.
note
Text with one or more leaders to point to an area of interest.
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Nov-08
noun-verb
A manner of operating MicroStation; to select an element in the design before selecting a
tool to act upon it.
O
offset
In a compound line style component, the value that specifies the distance measured
perpendicularly from the working line to where the component is displayed.
opaque
A type of fill that is displayed as a solid shape of the active color.
option menu
A menu in a dialog that allows only one value to be selected.
order
Integer value associated with a B-spline that determines the smoothness of the B-spline and
the number of points in the control polygon, influencing the path of the curve at a given
position. The higher the order, the smoother the curve, and the more points in the control
polygon influencing the path of the curve.
origin
See cell origin or global origin.
orthogonal
Constructed with right angles or perpendicular lines. An orthogonal shape contains only
right angles.
outline
A type of fill that displays lines in the active color forming a wireframe view of the closed
element.
overlap
A fence selection mode that includes only the elements inside or overlapping the fence.
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Glossary
override
The mode that lets you override the Snap Mode.
overwrite mode
The mode of text entry in which each new character overwrites an existing character.
P
PDF
Adobe's Portable Document format. Files of this format are often referred to as PDFs.
panning
To scroll a view over the design plane.
PANTONE
The color standard for publishing created by Pantone. PANTONE colors are indexed using
the PANTONE naming convention and separated into color books to group similar color
processes together. PANTONE color books are supplied with MicroStation.
paper menus
Menus printed on paper and mounted on the surface of a digitizing tablet. The Command
button on the tablet cursor is used to select an item on a paper menu.
parameter
See settings.
partition
To separate the digitizing tablet into two regions.
path configuration variable
A type of configuration variable that tells MicroStation in which directories to find files,
MS_DEF, for example.
pattern element
An element with a class attribute of pattern. It can be placed only with a patterning tool.
Glossary
310
Nov-08
patterning
See area patterning.
picture data
In file exchange, the graphical information that draws a picture.
pixel
PICture ELement, the smallest dot of light that a monitor can display.
Place SmartLine
The tool used to place a line, line string, shape, arc, or circle or a combination thereof.
plotfile
The file generated by MicroStation that contains plotter commands that, when sent to an
output device, will cause it to print out the desired portion of the design plane.
plotter driver file
A file containing information needed to generate plotfiles for a particular type of output
device. These file have the form *.PLT.
point
See data point, tentative point, or active point.
point cell
A cell with a single, snappable point. Point cells are commonly used for symbols and to
establish monument points. The snappable point in a point cell is the cell origin. Point cells
are always placed relative to the active level with the active symbology.
point curve
A type of curve that has no settings that control the curve's shape.
point element
A special case of a line element that has no length.
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Glossary
point of intersection
The point at which two non-parallel lines intersect, or would intersect if the lines were
extended.
point symbols
A type of line style component.
pointer
The small icon on the screen that moves in response to user inputs and indicates the position
where input is supplied to MicroStation.
pointers
Variables used by MicroStation and other applications to place, locate, and process elements
in the DGN file.
polar array
The set of copies of an element placed in a circular pattern in a design.
polar coordinates
The coordinates used in a spherical (auxiliary) coordinate system or in AccuDraw to specify
distances and angles.
pole
A vertex of a B-spline curve.
PopSet
A feature that prevents the display of the selected tool's settings window when you are
finished adjusting its controls. PopSet lets you reclaim valuable screen real estate and reduce
pointer movement.
pop-up menu
See Reset pop-up menu, view control pop-up menu
position mapping
The mapping of keyboard zones to logical collections of controls in the graphical user
interface.
Glossary
312
Nov-08
positional keyboard navigation

A technique for selecting tools, view controls, and Tool Settings window controls using a
position-mapped keyboard.
precision input key-ins
A means of entering data points at precise locations either by specifying the coordinates or
by specifying the distance from the most recent data point or tentative point.
preferences
Settings that customize MicroStation to your particular machine and desired mode of
operation.
primary elements
Elements whose class attribute is primary (as opposed to construction.)
primitive elements
The simplest type of element.
private key
An encryption/decryption key known only to the parties exchanging messages.
product-definition data
In file exchange, graphical information that describes a design.
project
A type of configuration variable file that is set by a site or project manager to facilitate using
MicroStation in workgroups. A project can also be the component workspaces and the data
files used for a particular discipline or undertaking.
prolog
Text file used to provide the header for a PostScript file.
prompt
The text in the status bar that tells you what to do next.
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Glossary
properties
Element criteria that may be searched, including the area attribute (Solid or Hole), whether
an element can be snapped to, whether it is locked, and whether it has been modified.
public key
With a private key derived from the public key you can effectively encrypt messages with a
digital signature.
R
RAL colors
Standard colors based on a series of color collections for industry which are published by the
Deutsches Institut fr Gtesicherung und Kennzeichnung, Sankt Augustin (originally
"Reichsausschuss fr Lieferbedingungen"). The RAL CLASSIC and RAL DESIGN color
books are supplied with MicroStation.
raster background
A bitmapped picture that can be used as the backdrop for a rendering.
raster fonts
Fonts used to display text in the status bar, dialogs, toolboxes, and each view window's title
bar.
receiving application
In file exchange, the application into which a file exported from MicroStation will be
imported.
reference
A model attached to and displayed with the active model for printing or construction
purposes. A reference cannot be modified. You can attach, as a reference, a model that resides
in either the open DGN file or some other DGN file.
relational database
A software package that stores, manipulates, and reports on non-graphical information. It
acts on collections of tables or files that represent objects, their properties, and relationships
between the objects.
Glossary
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Nov-08
rendering
To produce an image of a 3D model that looks more realistic than a wireframe image.
Includes hidden line and surface shading.
report files
Text files that report output from MicroStation.
report table
A file containing the database attributes of elements in a fenced area. A report table is
structured identically to the master table from which the data was derived.
Reset
A placement action that, with most tools, backs up one step. In some cases a Reset operation
completes an action; in other cases, it cancels an action or rejects an identified element.
Reset button
The button on a mouse or digitizing table cursor that is pressed to enter a Reset.
Reset pop-up menu
A pop-up menu providing convenient access to frequently used tools and utilities. To open,
either press and hold or click the Reset button, depending on the Reset Pop-up Menu
preference.
Resetting
Entering a Reset.
resize border
The frame around each view that permits the view to be resized. When the pointer is placed
on the resize border, it becomes a double arrow, and that border can be pulled or pushed to
expand or contract the size of the view.
resolution
The number of addressable points across a given area. For example, output device resolution
is measured in lines per inch, while screen resolution is usually given with two numbers
indicating the number of pixels across the width and height of the largest image that can be
displayed.
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Glossary
resource
The default specifications for menus and dialogs.
resource file
File containing the default specifications for dialogs.
revision
A specific version of a saved DGN file. With each file save operation, Design History
captures the state of the DGN file at that moment by recording your user ID, the current time
and date, the incremental changes to the elements in the design, and optional comments.
revision cloud
A cloud-shaped closed element used in the detailing of a design to call attention to a design
revision. A revision cloud is placed as a complex shape in which each segment is an arc.
right isometric
The view showing the top, right and front faces of a cube.
rubberbanding
See dynamic update.
S
saved
The kinds of settings, such as working units and view configuration, that are kept between
sessions.
saved view
A named view definition saved in a DGN file for later recall or for attaching to another
model file as a reference.
scale
To resize an element or elements by the active scale factors. In plotting, the ratio between
distance in the DGN file master units and distance represented on the output device.
Glossary
316
Nov-08
screen element
One of the pieces that make up MicroStation's graphical user interface, such as the desktop, a
window border, or a button.
screen menu
A menu created as a MicroStation model and displayed on screen for usage in its own
resizable window
screen partition
The area of a digitizing tablet in which the tablet cursor controls the screen pointer normally
across the entire screen. See partition, compare to digitizing partition.
search criteria
Element attributes for which MicroStation can search.
section
Part of a drawing that shows interior detail that is too complex to see clearly in a wireframe
view.
seed DGN file
A template file that contains the appropriate default settings and attributes.
seed sheet model
A seed file from which sheet models can be created.
select
To distinguish an element, identify a list box entry on which to operate, or activate a tool or
view control.
select range
See locate tolerance.
select settings window
Used to adjust the active settings and select a drawing tool.
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Glossary
selection set
The set of selected elements. Elements in the selection set are displayed with handles.
sending application
In file exchange, application that created a file that is to be imported into MicroStation.
separator bar
A horizontal line across a menu that logically subdivides menu items in the same menu.
server model
Defines the interaction between MicroStation, a database package, and the database server.
settings
Values that determine how MicroStation displays a design or handles user input.
settings file
An import or export file that stores all settings for a particular conversion as they were when
the settings file was created or last saved. Also, a type of module data (.stg files) that
specifies active settings and drawing tool selections; used with the Select Settings window.
shape
A closed primitive element composed of linear segments.
shared cell
A cell whose elements are stored only once in the DGN file, regardless of how often the cell
is placed. Any change made to one instance of a shared cell reflects in all instances of that
shared cell.
shared cell definition
The elements comprising the shared cell.
sheet file
A 3D DGN file in which views of the model file(s), including visible edges and sections, are
attached.
Glossary
318
Nov-08
sheet model
A type of model that serves as an electronic drawing sheet. It typically consists of design
model references that are scaled and positioned to create a printable drawing.
sidebar menu
A menu that displays on screen and presents commands for selection in a text-based,
hierarchical form. Although sidebar menus are still supported, toolboxes have taken their
place.
single-shot
Selecting a tool for one-time use by double clicking it.
sink
To put a window just below the lowest view.
site
A type of configuration variable set by a system or site manager to facilitate using
MicroStation in workgroups.
slab
A volume of projection with a rectangular cross section.
SmartLine
See Place SmartLine.
smooth shading
A method of shading a rendered image by calculating the color of the polygons at their
boundaries and blending those colors across the polygon interiors.
snap lock
The setting that, when on, causes MicroStation to try to find an element or element
intersection to snap to when a tentative point is entered. See also keypoint snap mode.
snap divisor
The setting that determines the positioning of keypoints on linear segments. The number of
keypoints per segment is one greater than the snap divisor. If the snap divisor is one, only
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319
Glossary
endpoints of a linear segment are keypoints. If the snap divisor is two or a multiple of two, the
center point is also a keypoint.
snap
Use of the tentative point to position a data point at an exact point on the target element.
Tentative points snap to an element when Snap Lock is on.
snap lock divisor
The number of keypoints on each segment of a linear element plus one.
solid
A type of complex element specific to 3D, along with surfaces.
source view
A view created, set up, and saved to use as a model view.
SQL
Standard Query Language, a simple, powerful language that is the industry standard for
database access and data manipulation.
stacked dimensions
A group of dimensions that have at least one witness line in common.
standard views
The eight commonly used views of a 3D design (Isometric, Right Isometric, Top, Bottom,
Left, Right, Front, and Back).
startup application
The MDL application that is active when a DGN file is not opened.
status bar
The strip at the bottom of the application window (or screen) that displays messages,
prompts, and status information. The area on the screen where messages such as tool
prompts, errors, and the current status of MicroStation settings (snaps, levels, element
selection, and DGN file disk status) are displayed.
Glossary
320
Nov-08
stroke pattern
A line style component comprising dash strokes and gap strokes.
stroke tolerance
The setting that determines the size of polygons into which curved surfaces are broken for
rendering.
style
See dimension style, line style, multi-line style, text style.
subunits
Units that master units are divided into in the working unit definition. For example, if master
units are feet, a convenient subunits setting would be inches. The number of subunits per
master unit and a one or two character abbreviation for the subunit name is specified in the
working unit definition.
suffix
See extension.
surface
A 3D geometric construction that can partition space but cannot enclose a volume.
symbol
A character placed from a MicroStation symbol font.
symbol font
A font that contains special use geometric constructions rather than alphanumeric characters.
A typical use is to hold symbols for dimension line terminators and dimension marks, and
geometric tolerancing.
symbol library
MicroStation uses the term cell library to refer to what may be known as a symbol library in
other applications.
symbology
See element symbology, level symbology, or attributes.
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Glossary
system
Type of configuration variable.
T
tags
Non-graphical attributes that may be attached to elements drawn in designs.
tag set
Set of associated tags.
tag set definition
Information that specifies, for each tag in a tag set, several tag attributes, such as whether the
tag is displayed and its default value, if any.
task
A task is a set of tools grouped to facilitate a particular work flow. By defining and grouping
tasks, you can create a task-based user interface. The tools grouped into a task can be
standard MicroStation tools, custom tools, or a combination of both types.
tentative button
The button that is pressed to enter a tentative data point. The tentative button may also shift
the location of the AccuSnap selection.
tentative point
A graphic input that is used to preview the location of the next data point, define a point of
reference, and/or create an association point. Tentative points may appear with AccuSnap.
Terminal Control Block (TCB)
A global data area of memory in which MicroStation stores settings.
terminator
See dimension line terminators or line terminator.
text attributes
The color, weight, font, height, and width of text.
Glossary
322
Nov-08
text element
MicroStation places text in DGN files as a distinct type of element.
text node
A group of multiple text elements grouped in a complex element. MicroStation forms a text
node when multi-line text is placed.
text node lock
A setting that, when turned on, forces subsequently entered text to be attached to empty text
nodes. If an empty node is not available, no text is placed.
text style
A named group of text attributes such as font type, width, height, and color. Commonly
stored for usage as a shared data resource in a DGN library. Text styles allow you to place text
within a model in a consistent and automated manner. The fonts that are supported natively
in MicroStation are TrueType and AutoCAD fonts (.shx)
tile
To arrange views and toolboxes so that they do not overlap.
toggle
A type of setting that has only two states, such as off and on. Used as a verb, to change the
state of a toggle.
tool
A drawing function or the screen icon used to represent that function in a toolbox.
toolbox
Icon-based screen menus from which tools and view controls are selected.
tool frame
A type of hierarchical toolbox commonly used in the 2004 Edition and earlier versions.
tool settings
Special settings that apply to certain tools, such as length and angle settings for the Place Line
tool.
Nov-08
323
Glossary
tool settings window

The window that contains controls for adjusting the selected tool's settings.
top
The orientation in which the positive X-axis points right and the positive Y-axis points up.
U
U3D
Universal 3D format introduced by the 3D Industry Forum as a means for transferring 3D
data from CAD systems to mainstream applications such as marketing, training, sales,
technical support and customer service
Unit Lock
The setting that, when on, forces all graphically entered data points to the nearest point that
is an integer multiple of the unit distance from the global origin in the X, Y, and (in 3D files)
Z directions.
unit distance
The setting that specifies the spacing between points that data points will be restricted to
when Unit Lock is turned on.
unshared cell
A cell whose definition is placed in the DGN file each time the cell is placed.
update
To redraw the contents of a view window(s).
user
A type of configuration variable that determines which project configuration file is
processed.
user configuration file
The file that contains the active workspace components.
Glossary
324
Nov-08
user interface
A customized user interfaced (defined in Modification resource files in subdirectories under
MicroStation's workspace user interface).
user preference
V
V7 workmode
The MicroStation workmode in which certain functionality is disabled by default in order to
restrict MicroStation to creating only engineering data that can be stored in the MicroStation
v7 (MicroStation/J) design file format.
verb-noun
A manner of operating MicroStation: choosing a tool before identifying an element in the
design for it to act upon.
vertex
The highest point or apex of a figure, the intersection of lines or curves, or the endpoint of
an element.
view
Collectively, the portion of the active model (and its attached references) and displayed in a
view window and the display orientation.
view configuration
The arrangement of view windows on the screen and the area of the model displayed in each
view.
view control bar
The bar at the bottom border of each view window from which commonly used view
controls can be selected.
view control pop-up menu
A pop-up menu providing an alternate means of accessing view controls. To open, while
holding down <Shift>, click the Reset button.
Nov-08
325
Glossary
view controls
Graphically operated controls that affect the portion of the design or the orientation of the
information in a view.
view dependent settings
Settings that affect the presentation of information in a view.
view group
A set of view window layouts applicable to a model within the open DGN file. A view group
is also a set of views placed on a sheet file in a sheet model.
view independent text
A text element that displays at its angle of placement regardless of how the view is rotated.
view window
A window displaying a view.
void
A fence selection mode that selects elements or parts of elements outside the fence, rather
than within the fence.
void-clip
A fence mode in which only the elements that are completely outside the fence and those
parts of elements outside or overlapping the fence are included in the fence contents.
void-overlap
A fence mode in which only the elements outside or overlapping the fence are included in the
fence contents.
W
window
A bordered rectangular region on the screen displaying a toolbox, dialog, view, or sidebar
menu.
Glossary
326
Nov-08
window control menu

A menu opened by clicking the window menu button on the left end of a window's title bar.
window origin
The position in the design plane of the lower-left corner of a view.
windowing
A method of selecting new contents for a view.
wireframe
A display mode in which surfaces are displayed as their outlines, and elements behind
surfaces are displayed as though the surfaces did not exist.
wiremesh
A rendered display similar to wireframe except that curved surfaces are represented by a
polygonal mesh for increased realism.
witness lines
See extension lines.
work line
The line in a multi-line element connected to the pointer during placement.
working set
A temporary grouping of elements that need not be close together. Fence manipulation tools
operate on working sets.
working units
Real-world units that the design plane is configured to.
working unit settings
The settings that designate the working units and working resolution. In the current
implementation, MicroStation uses IEEE 64bit floating point storage, which allows for a
high degree of accuracy and a working volume with each axis roughly 2 million times larger
than the axes in V7.
Nov-08
327
Glossary
workmode
An operating mode of MicroStation such as DGN, DWG, and V7 workmodes.
workspace
A custom MicroStation environment or configuration.
Z
zoom
To decrease (zoom in) or increase (zoom out) the portion of the design displayed in a view.
Glossary
328
Nov-08

MicroStation V8i Essentials PDF

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MicroStation V8i Essentials

Bentley Institute Course Guide

MicroStation V8i Essentials

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems Incorporated

Welcome to MicroStation ____________________________5

The data button ___________________________________

Working With Views ________________________________35

Precision Input Using AccuDraw ______________________53

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

AccuDraws interface components _____________________

Designing in MicroStation ___________________________83

Element Creation Tools ______________________________99

Working with Existing Elements ______________________133

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Modifying Existing Elements _________________________171

Questions ________________________________________ 185

Annotating Designs _________________________________187

Organizing Design Data _____________________________219

Module Overview _____________________________________

Using Project Data __________________________________247

Creating Printed Output _____________________________255

Design Labs _______________________________________271

Appendix - AccuDraw Shortcuts and Settings ____________275

Those who are moving to MicroStation from another CAD application

Fundamental knowledge of the Microsoft Windows operating system

Use MicroStation V8i software to produce quality designs.

Manipulate and modify existing elements

Organize design data

Working with Views

Precision Input Using AccuDraw

Element Creation Tools

Working with Existing Elements

Modifying Existing Elements

Organizing Design Data

Using Project Data

Creating Printed Output

Appendix - AccuDraw Shortcuts

Do you have a good working knowledge of how to use Windows Explorer?

Provide a definition for the following terms:

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Manipulate: To copy, move, rotate, scale, mirror, or delete an element, or group of

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Fundamental knowledge of the Microsoft Windows operating system

Identify features in MicroStations interface

Use basic mouse functions with MicroStation

Create new files and open existing files

Save file settings

End a MicroStation session

Provide a definition of computer aided design.

Describe the basic parts of an engineering design.

Lines, circles and arcs.

A border and graphics.

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Create Complex Chain/Shape/Region

Copy Parallel (offset)

Extend Element(s) to Intersection

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Match/Change Element Attributes

Task based interface

Copyright 2008 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Double click the MicroStation icon on the desktop

Double click the icon of a .dgn file in Windows Explorer