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Consimtamantul Informat La Tratament Medical
Consimtamantul Informat La Tratament Medical
Consimtamantul informat la
tratament medical
George Cristian Curca MD, Ph.D.
Prof. de medicina legala si etica medicala
Discipl. Medicina legala si Bioetica, Facultatea
Medicina UMFCD
Orice pacient care este autonom este indreptatit la respect (respectul fata de
fiinta umana si fata de umanitate in general) si pentru aceasta trebuie informat
pentru a intregi respectul fata de o fiinta umana avand nevoia de a cunoaste ce se
intampla cu persoana sa.
In egala masura orice pacient are dreptul de a fi informat ca drept fundamental la
omului (alaturi de dreptul la viata si libertate). Fata de pacientul care este
autonom, adica cel care se poate autodetermina / autoguverna medicul are
obligatia de informare pentru ca sa creze posibilitatea exercitiului de
autodeterminare in interiorul dreptului la libertate. Pacientul are dreptul la
informare decurgand si dreptul sau la libertate (exercitiul libertatii necesita
cunoasterea realitatii adevarul-) dar si ca drept la proprietate (asupra starii sale
de sanatate).
Fiind autonom pacientul este indreptatit sa autorizeze actiunile medicale care se
exercita asupra sa. Pentru aceasta medicul va informa pacientul inclusiv asupra
recomandarii sale care daca este autorizata de pacient ofera posibilitate medicului
de a conduce actul medical spre finalizare.
Art. 8
Informatiile se aduc la cunostinta pacientului intr-un limbaj
respectuos, clar, cu minimalizarea terminologiei de specialitate; in
cazul in care pacientul nu cunoaste limba romana, informatiile i se
aduc la cunostinta in limba materna ori in limba pe care o cunoaste
sau, dupa caz, se va cauta o alta forma de comunicare.
Art. 9
Pacientul are dreptul de a cere in mod expres sa nu fie informat si de
a alege o alta persoana care sa fie informata in locul sau.
Art. 10
Rudele si prietenii pacientului pot fi informati despre evolutia
investigatiilor, diagnostic si tratament, cu acordul pacientului.
Art. 11
Pacientul are dreptul de a cere si de a obtine o alta opinie medicala.
Art. 12
Pacientul are dreptul sa solicite si sa primeasca, la externare, un
rezumat scris al investigatiilor, diagnosticului, tratamentului si
ingrijirilor acordate pe perioada spitalizarii.
Art. 13
Pacientul are dreptul sa refuze sau sa opreasca o interventie medicala asumndu-si,
n scris, raspunderea pentru decizia sa; consecintele refuzului sau ale opririi actelor
medicale trebuie explicate pacientului.
Art. 14
Cnd pacientul nu si poate exprima vointa, dar este necesara o interventie
medicala de urgenta, personalul medical are dreptul sa deduca acordul pacientului
dintr-o exprimare anterioara a vointei acestuia.
Art. 15
n cazul n care pacientul necesita o interventie medicala de urgenta,
consimtamntul reprezentantului legal nu mai este necesar.
Art. 16
n cazul n care se cere consimtamntul reprezentantului legal, pacientul trebuie sa
fie implicat n procesul de luare a deciziei att ct permite capacitatea lui de
ntelegere.
Art. 17
(1)n cazul n care furnizorii de servicii medicale considera ca interventia este
n interesul pacientului, iar reprezentantul legal refuza sa si dea
consimtamntul, decizia este declinata unei comisii de arbitraj de
specialitate. (2)Comisia de arbitraj este constituita din 3 medici pentru
pacientii internati n spitale si din 2 medici pentru pacientii din ambulator.
Art. 18
Consimtamntul pacientului este obligatoriu pentru recoltarea, pastrarea,
folosirea tuturor produselor biologice prelevate din corpul sau, n vederea
stabilirii diagnosticului sau a tratamentului cu care acesta este de acord.
Art. 19
Consimtamntul pacientului este obligatoriu n cazul participarii sale n
nvatam
ntul medical clinic si la cercetarea stiintifica. Nu pot fi folosite
pentru cercetare stiintifica persoanele care nu sunt capabile sa si exprime
vointa, cu exceptia obtinerii consimtamntului de la reprezentantul legal si
daca cercetarea este facuta si n interesul pacientului.
Art. 20
Pacientul nu poate fi fotografiat sau filmat ntr-o unitate medicala fara
consimtamntul sau, cu exceptia cazurilor n care imaginile sunt necesare
diagnosticului sau tratamentului si evitarii suspectarii unei culpe medicale
Case Study #2
Dr. S is one of only two dentists in her community. Between
them they have just managed to provide basic oral care to
the population. Recently her colleague has changed his
practice to focus on technically and aesthetically advanced
services that only adequately insured or middle and upper
class patients can afford. As a result, Dr. S is overwhelmed
by patients requiring basic care. She is reluctant to ration
her services but feels that she has no choice. She wonders
what is the fairest way to do so: by favouring her previous
patients over those of her colleague; by giving priority to
emergency cases; by establishing a waiting list so that all
will get treated eventually; or by some other way.
Dr. P has been in practice for 32 years. His older patients appreciate his devoted
service and are generally quite happy to let him decide what treatment they will
have. Some of his younger patients, on the other hand, resent what they consider
to be his paternalistic approach and the lack of information about treatment
options. When Carole J, a 28-year-old accountant, asks Dr. P for a referral to an
orthodontist to correct a mild overbite, Dr. P refuses because it is his professional
opinion that the treatment is unnecessary. He is willing to lose a patient rather
than compromise his principle that he should only provide beneficial treatments to
patients and will neither mention nor refer patients for treatments that he
considers unnecessary or harmful.
Dr. S is one of only two dentists in her community. Between them they have just
managed to provide basic oral care to the population. Recently her colleague has
changed his practice to focus on technically and aesthetically advanced services
that only adequately insured or middle and upper class patients can afford. As a
result, Dr. S is overwhelmed by patients requiring basic care. She is reluctant to
ration her services but feels that she has no choice. She wonders what is the
fairest way to do so: by favouring her previous patients over
those of her colleague; by giving priority to emergency cases; by establishing a
waiting list so that all will get treated eventually; or by some other way.
Dr. C, a newly qualified endodontist, has just taken over the practice of the
only endodontist in a medium-sized community. The four general practice
dentists in the community are relieved that they can continue their
referrals without interruption. During his first three months in the
community, Dr. C is concerned that a significant number of the patients
referred by one of the general practice dentists show evidence of
substandard treatment. As a newcomer, Dr. C is reluctant to criticise the
referring dentist personally or to report him to higher authorities.
However, she feels that she must do something to improve the situation.
Dr. R, a general practice dentist in a small rural town, is approached by a
contract research organisation (C.R.O.) to participate in a clinical trial of a
new sealant. He is offered a sum of money for each patient that he enrols
in the trial. The C.R.O. representative assures him that the trial has
received all the necessary approvals, including one from an ethics review
committee. Dr. R has never participated in a trial before and is pleased to
have this opportunity, especially with the extra money. He accepts without
inquiring further about the scientific or ethical aspects of the trial.