Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3 - Energy PDF
3 - Energy PDF
Forms and
Changes
N t
Nature
off Energy
E
{ Energy
N t
Nature
off Energy
E
{
hit a softball.
ftb ll
lift your book
bag.
bag
compress a
spring.
N t
Nature
off Energy
E
N t
Nature
off Energy
E
{
a bird flies.
a bomb explodes.
rain falls from the
sky.
sky
electricity flows in
a wire.
N t
Nature
off Energy
E
{
Nature of Energy
{ Because
of the direct
connection between energy and
work,, energy
gy is measured in
the same unit as work: joules
(J).
{ In addition to using energy to
do work,
work objects gain energy
because work is being done on
them.
them
F
Forms
off Energy
E
{
The five
Th
fi
main
i fforms
of energy are:
Heat
z Chemical
z Electromagnetic
El t
ti
z Nuclear
z Mechanical
z
H tE
Heat
Energy
{
Ch i l E
Chemical
Energy
{ Chemical
Energy is required to
bond atoms together.
{ And when bonds are broken,
gy is released.
energy
Ch i l E
Chemical
Energy
{ Fuel
and food
are forms
f
off
stored
chemical
h
i l
energy.
El t
Electromagnetic
ti Energy
E
{
Power li
P
lines carry electromagnetic
l
i
energy into your home in the form of
electricity.
El t
Electromagnetic
ti Energy
E
{
Light
Li
h is
i a form
f
off
electromagnetic energy.
Each color of light
represents a different
amount of electromagnetic energy.
Electromagnetic Energy is
also carried by X-rays,
X-rays
radio waves, and laser
light.
N l
Nuclear
E
Energy
{ The
nucleus
of an atom is
the source of
nuclear
energy.
N l
Nuclear
E
Energy
{
N l
Nuclear
E
Energy
The suns energy
is produced from
a nuclear fusion
reaction in which
hydrogen nuclei
fuse to form
helium nuclei.
M h i lE
Mechanical
Energy
{ When
Wh
work
k is
i done
d
to
t an
object, it acquires energy.
The energy it acquires is
known as mechanical energy.
M h i lE
Mechanical
Energy
{ When
you
kick a
football, you
give
mechancal
energy to the
football to
make it move.
M h i lE
Mechanical
Energy
When you throw a
balling ball, you
give it energy.
energy
When that
bowling ball hits
the pins, some of
the energy is
transferred to the
pins (transfer of
momentum).
E
Energy
C
Conversion
i
{
E
Energy
conversions
i
{
All forms
f
off energy can be
converted into other forms.
z
The suns
Th
energy through
th
h solar
l cells
ll
can be converted directly into
electricity.
y
Green plants convert the suns energy
(electromagnetic) into starches and
sugars (chemical
( h
l energy).
)
IIn an electric
l
i motor, electromagnetic
l
i
energy is converted to mechanical
energy.
In a battery, chemical energy is
converted into electromagnetic energy.
The mechanical energy of a waterfall is
converted to electrical energy in a
generator.
generator
E
Energy
C
Conversions
i
{
IIn an automobile
bil
engine, fuel is
burned to convert
chemical energy
into heat energy.
The heat ene
energy
g is
then changed into
mechanical
energy.
St t off Energy
States
E
{
Potential
Kinetic
States of Energy:
Kinetic and Potential Energy
{Kinetic
Energy is the
energy of motion.
motion
{Potential Energy is
stored energy.
Ki ti E
Kinetic
Energy
{
{
{
Ki ti E
Kinetic
Energy
K.E. = mass x velocity
2
What
a has
a a greater
g a
affect
a
of
o kinetic
energy, mass or velocity? Why?
P t ti l Energy
Potential
E
{
G it ti
Gravitational
l Potential
P t ti l E
Energy
{
Potential
P
i l energy
that is dependent
on height is called
gravitational
potential energy.
G it ti
Gravitational
l Potential
P t ti l E
Energy
{
A waterfall,
f ll a suspension
i
bridge,
b id
and
da
falling snowflake all have gravitational
potential energy.
G it ti
Gravitational
l Potential
P t ti l E
Energy
{
If you stand
d on a
3-meter diving
board, you have 3
times the G.P.E,
than you had on a
1 mete diving
1-meter
di ing
board.
G it ti
Gravitational
l Potential
P t ti l E
Energy
{
Ki ti vs. Potential
Kinetic
P t ti l E
Energy
At the p
point of maximum p
potential energy,
gy, the car has
minimum kinetic energy.
As a basketball
A
b k b ll
player throws the
ball into the air,
various energy
conversions take
place.
place
Ball speeds up
It can only
l be
b converted
t d from
f
one form
f
to another.
If energy seems to disappear,
disappear then
scientists look for it leading to many
important discoveries.
L
Law
off Conservation
C
ti off Energy
E
{