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.....
1990-ANOIEH 1991

Oi epYd?6|jevoi nou SouAeOouv

auTfcc, 6xouv TOV npwTO A6yo. Oi anepYiec, OTO
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KOI TO npopAi*ju.aTa nou un6pxouv.

CONVOY

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TT]V niOTCOTlKlj Vio%VOT] iSlCOTlKCOV ni%lpf}o ECOV ///dAr/^

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aavovvEnEia EKTETOLIEVCOV nETapokcdv onq ovv9iJK<; y%cbpiac, Kai 8i0vov<; (iJTrforjq TCOV npoiovTCOv wv<;... 0a iJTav
ovvEnax; OKdnino Kai eBviKd co(pkiiio, TTJV vnoftoijOrjori
npof}kr\naTiKcbv EniXEipijoscov TT]<; KaTriyopiac, avTfa, TCOV
onoicov o pv0n6<; v8%ETai v' avfyOEi HE Ti]v EVTafy OTTJV
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Kpdw<;.,.
npOTaoT] AffEkdnovkov KOTO TOV Andhoyioiid Xpf]ori<;
ETE yia TO 1978.

OPOBAHMATIKEE: DOE, DOTE, OOIOI TE AHMIOYPFHIAN

To 1979, o TOTE SioiKTiTfjc; TTIC EOviKiic TpdTtE^ac Ayy.
AyyEXoTiouXoc Eixe TT|V i8sa yia TTJ ouoTaoii EVOC Kovoop-

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vdnEoa OTIC pionTixaviKEQ EKIXEIPTIOEIC Kai TIC TpdnE^EC, TTJ

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TOU pio^iixaviKou Kai EcponXioTiKou HE TO Tpans^iTiKO KEcpdXaio Kai TO oxrinaTiono EVOC xpTmafioTiKou KEtpaXaiou

Kttl TTI

ETtixEipTioEcov EUvoou^Evcov and TO KpdToc Kai,

Kai naKpoTipoOEOncov 6avi(ov.

'EvavTi auTiig TTIC EUVOIKTIC SavEiaiaic xpTlHOtToSoTTioTic, 01
0tt EKXCOpOUOaV OTO KOVOOpTOlOU^l TCOV TpttTlE-

(; avTioToixtiQ ayac, nov 9a \inopouoav va TIQ ayopdaouv OTO (AEXXov, HETO and 5-10
Xpovia.
Eivai Eva rcpcoTO OTOIXEIO TCOU TtpooSiopi^Ei TOV xpovo Ka-

O dUEOT) OXOTl-E^dpTT|OT| HE TO 8l0V(; KECpdXaiO Kttl

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0
To UKO KpaTiKO EXsYX TpaTis^iKO auoTtma OUTE E^EYXO a-

(pdpOl OTOUC H100COTOUC Kttl OUVTO^IOUXOUC, TIoXXaTtXttOlEQ

(popoXoYiKEC au^fjosic ano TT^V au^oTj TOU 0viKou EiooSfjUttTOC, (popo8ia(pUYTi Kai (popoartaXXaYEC yia TO nEYdXo KE(pdXaio) Kai Tig novojccoXiaKsc pu0n(oic TtEpiXa^pdvETai

OKOUOE OTT| 8ld0OTl TCOV 8aVlCOV ttUTCOV, OUTE TO UVj/OC Kttl

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KpiTfjpia.
Ta TipdY^aTa YptlYOpa dXXa^av SpanaTiKd. Oi 7tixinov KXovi^ovTav 7cXii0aivav, 8ivovTa<; jxia TtpaY^aI 8idoTaoT| TOOTcpopXrinaToc: TTIC nETaTroXEniKTJc avd-

KaiT] 7TIOTCOTIKT1 TCOXlTlKfj. To KpaTOC EXfiYXOVTttC TO TpttKE-

IKO ouoTtina Kai Ecpapno^ovTac auoTTipo EXEYXO OTT|V mOTCOSOTIKTI TloXlTlKTl TCOV TpaiCE^COV, KpttTlKCOV Kttl l8lCOTl-

KCOV, aKoXou0T]O TTIV npaKTiKij TCOV ^icyaXcov Kai q>0i|v(bv

jrpoq TIC EUVOOU^VEC niXipficTic Kai
. npaYHaT07toit|0TiK ETOI ma TEpdona
TCOV KaTa0Ocov and TIC TPCXTCE^EC, OTIC TOETCEC TCOV EUVOOUHvcov7uxipT|(iaTic6v. Mia EniXipTioT| OTT^V onoia Kp8i-

7CTU^T]C nOV 7lpOC00T|OaV HEplKEC OVKOYEVEIEC, TO KpCXTOC TT]C

c Kai TOEVO KEcpdXaio. H Ypa(piKT| SIEVED ApdKou

0a ouvExiCETai TtXsov oav naKpivo ovEipo
TOU; OTioupYOu; TTIC NA Kai TOTE Kai OTi^Ep
Yia Ta i8ia Tipoocona, \ir\ 8s TOU 7rpco0unoupYou
vou, Kai EXEI HEYdXT] oTT,naoia auTO.
To npopXTina XOITCOV TCOV 7iixipiiocov TIOU

6Xoi, KpdTOC, TpdTtE^EC, ETUXElpTlHaTlEC, HEOCO TOU \LT\-

TCOV apvTijiKcov, OE OXEOT) UE TOV 7tXr|0copion6,

E7CITOKICOV2.

Oi EYXWpisc ajioTajiiEUOEic, coc KOOOOTO TOUAEF1, aur|0TiKav ano 5,4% TO 1950 OE 15,5% TO 1955 Kai OE 20% TO
1977. H pOKfj auTT) Yia aKOTanfeuoTi Eivai
avTioToixa TtooooTd TCOV pio^TixaviKcov KpaTCOV, 17,7%
TIC HIT A Kai 24% Yia TTI A- Tspnavia TO 1977, OTOV Ta K
K(paXfjv EiaoSTinaTa Eivai TTJV (8ia xpovid: EXXd8a 2839
8oX., HI1A 8670 8oX., A. Fspnavia 8410 8oX. 'TOI 01 KaTa-

VTttl ElVttl UTiapKTO TCpOTOU ttKO^Tl K8TlXc000UV EVTOVEC 01

OUVE71EIEC TT|C 8UTpTlC TCETpEXttlKTlC KplOT^C Kai TOU OTttOl-

nou aKoXou0T^o OTTI 8i0vri ouYKupia.

KapSid OUTOU TOU KpopXTinaTOC ppiOKETai TT, OIKOVOHIKttl plOHTlXaVlKTl avaTtTU^KXKTl TtoXlTlKTl 7COU 0 KpaTlKOC
HOVOTtCOXiaKOC KaJClTaXlOHOC aKoXoU0T|0 HETd TOV H(pU-

Xio Kai iSiaiTEpa nETd TTI, ouv8oii HE TTIV EOK TO 1960.

ATIO TIC apx^c TTK 8KaTiac TOU '601| KaniTaXiaTiKTi aOTTIV EXXdSa xapaKTtipi^ETai ato TTJ OUYKEVTPCOTOU VTOTUOU ^EYoXou K(paXaiou, acp' EVOC HE TT|

0EOEIC TttHlEUTTlplOU aU^0T!KaV aTCO 141 EKttT. 8pX- TO 1953

3

OE 240 810. 8px TO 1976, f| KaTd 1700% . AUTTJ TI TEpdoTia

KttTEU0uvovTav ttjco TO TpaKE^iKO ouoTTjua oav

KEcpdXaia OE OUYKEKPIHEVEC, ETCIXEIPTJOEIC. Kai ETCIEC., OTCCOC, TcpoavacpS'pOriKE. ME TI opouc,; Ta npayETcrcoKia TCOV naKpoTcp60oncov 8avicov Tcpoc. TTJ
a, 8iiXa6ii TI 5icupopa avdnsoa OTO HEOO ETTIOIO
ETUTCE66 TOUC, Kai TT| 6iaKunavor| TOO SEIKTTI xovSpiKTJc. TCOV
pionTixaviKcov TcpoiovTcov no\) aTcsu0uvovTai OTTIV sacoTEpiKTJ ayopd, Tijav EvSEiKTiKd: 1973 : -9,6%, 1974 : -28,3%,
1975 : 2,4%, 1976 : -0,3%, 1977 : 2,0%, 1978 : 1,3%, 1979
: -6,1%, 1980 : -13,6%, 1981 : -6,2%.
ETCEITI, oncoc,, opiajiEvoi TCIOTEUOUV OTI
9
TCEpiaooTEpa an ooa TcapdyounE ac, SOU^IE TCCOC. TcspiypdcpEi
TIC. OUVETCEIEC auTfic TTI.C TCoXiTiKTJc o ATJU. iTEpyiou OTa
NEA, 29.10.90.
Acpou avacpEpEi TTJV Spa^anKij dianiorcoot] on a' o
o%e86v TTJV TsfavTaia eiKooaeria foe skdxiOTS<;
01 anoranievtes SiamoTCovav evrponoi on sivai anpoordTSVTOI, on 01 niKpoanoTanievoei<; roue yivovrav flopd TOO
nhriOcopioiiov Kai TCOV voiiioiiawmorconKcbv mi SrmooioVOUIKCQV OKOm^lOTIJTCOV

RTYEH THIEAAHNIKHI BIOMHXANIAI a' 63ui

TCpio5o 1960-1980, TO naKpOTcp60O|j,a TpaTCE^iKd 8dvia
TCpOC TT|V (iTaTCOlT|OTl aVTlTCpOOCOTCEUaV TO l/4 TCOV ETCEVSUOE-

cov OTOV To^iEa auTov. To TCOOOOTO auTO, arco 18% OTO 6id1960-1973, 6iTcXaoidoTT]K (36,2%) OTO 610
1974-1980, EVCO KaTd TO 1978-1980 i"x cpTdoEi TO 41%!
H OXEOTJ (8iou K(paXaiou KIVTIOTJC Tcpo<;
26,6%

To OUVOXo TOU TpttTCE^lKOU XPCO^C TCOV PlOM-TIXaVlKCOV -

aTco 24,3% TOU AER TO 1970, au^f|0TiK OE

39,5% TO 1980.
auToxpTinaTo56TTioTj TTJC ETTioiac au^T]OTic TOU aTcaouvoXiKou K(pdXaiou, aTco 35,2% KOTO \i
opo, OTTIV TCEpioSo 1970-1974, ETCEOE OTO 26% yia TTJV
60 1975-1977 Kai OTO 14,8%(!!!) yia TO
5
1978-1980 .
To 19810a EivaiT) Kpioi^T| xpovia yia TTJV aKoXou0ounVT]
T TCOU ouvTo^a TCpiypd\|/an. Oi ETCITCTCOOEIC TTJC SIE0vouc ouyKupiac yivovTai EVTOva aio0r|Tc, r| dvo8oc TOU
6
SoXapiou Kai TO nEydXo Ariuooio XPoc , TCOU OTO ETIC 0'
i TCEpiopiOTiKO TcapdyovTa, 0a UTCOVOHEUOOUV ai-

UTCOypaHHl^El OTI OTTIV TCp(o8o

1973-1986 01 KaTa0Tc sxaaav, e^amac. TCOV apvr|TiKc6v

TcpaynaTiKcov ETUTOKICOV, ouvoXiKd (iia TCEpiouoia, TCOU avpxTai ere 2,5
TTJV EiKova OUHTC^TIPCOVOUV KQI opio^Eva dtAAa

f V

^y

I ^J

O0T]Td TT|V TClXlpTmaTlKOTr|Ta TT|C VTOTCUXg ttOTlKTlC Td-

OUH(pCOVa (IE TIC. SiaTUOTCOOElC. HEJlETTig TtOU

, TCOU OUVOVJ/l^ETai OTO 8lTCTUXO:

KE yia Xoyapiaono TTI<; KupspviioTiQ TTIC, aXXayiic; Kai a<poPOUOE TI; ITPATHriKEI EniAOFEI FIA THN ANA-

ETClTOKia XOpTlYTlOECOV + UTCEpTlHTJUEVTl

\LT\ Tcpoc TO 8oXdpio = TCoXXaTcXdoia Kp8ri.

B

Aa86TcouXo va xei PETO OTa ormavTiKOTEpa 0^aTa. Oi ouvoXiKEC. o(pd<; TOU KUpiou auTou UTcoXoyi^ovTav ETcicrma
KovTd OTa 3 810. 8px Kai EI'XE KaTaSiKaoTEi OE 353 xpovia
cpuXaKTi, ouvoXiKd, yia Ta xpetj TOU auTd. To ETCITOKIO TCOV
8avicov TOUTiTav 8%!!!
ITK; 15 louXiou 1980 HE Kaivoupyia aunpaori TI E0viKT]
a, EVCO SEV EI'XE KTcXTipco0i oxsSov Kavi<; opo; TTI;
aTco TcXfiupdq AaSoTCOuXou, 6sv
Tcpovoia yia va iKavoTcoiT]0{ nEpoq TCOV o-

E.F. AAAOnOYAOY

Iun(pcova HE (isXETTi o^dSac. oiKovonoXoycov TTI<; EAA

TCOU EYIVE TQ TcpcoTa xpovia TTIC. |ATaTCoXi'Tuan,c
TCOU o cpiXXU0poc A. IlaTcavSpoTcouXoc

(OiK. Tax. 14.1.1982) 8iaTcioTcovTai o oXiyoTccoXiaKoc xpaKTTipac TOU onRou AaSoTcouXou TCOU oxi ^iovo SEV fJTav
OE 0OT| va ^Ecpuysi fi TIC 6iK<; TOU8uvdni<; aTco TOVaocpuXTIKO EvayKaXiono TCOV SOVEIOTCOV TOU, aXXd 0a EI'XE TJ8T|

OTCO TT|V EKTCOIT1OT1 UTC00T1KU(IVCOV E^COTCapttyCOyi-

KaTttppEUOEl KttTCO OTCO TO PdpOC. TCOV Ka0UOTpTmVCOV 0-

KCOV TCEpiouoiaKcov OTOixEicov u\|/ou<; 1,6 810.8px., Tcapa8i8i

TIC. novd8c EFA (IldTpac) Kai MEA (0o/Kr|q) OTO Aa86-

(pEiXcov TOU, Edv SEV (lEooXapouoE T| E0viKTi TpdTCE^a, ouyKEVTpcbvovTa<; TO 85% Tcsputou TCOV av^6(pXT|Tcov Xoyapiaancov. AKOUTI Kai Ta xpovia 1973 Kai 1974 TCOU r) 8paoTT)pioTOU oniXou EK^EIOE, Xoyco TT|<; GTinavTiKTig av68ou TCOV

TCOUX.0 HE VEO SdVElO 8c6pO 150 EKttT. 8pX-

ME pcoTT|OTi TTJC oTrj BOU^TI r\ B. ToouSEpou PCOTOUOE TOTE: ...n6T0(paXT| E0VIKT], TO 1977 f} Tcopa; To 1977 EKTIOTI HE opio^Eva 8paoTiKa ^lETpa 01 novd8c 0a ^ITCOpouoav va aTco5ix0ouv anoSoTiKEc Kai va XEiToupyiioouv

TOU xapTlOU, HE Kp8T| 26 EKttT. Kttl 75 EKOT. aVTlOTOl-

, ^aKoXou0T|O va nsyaXcovEi o SavEianoc. TOU.

...O 6^iXo<; xpovia Tcopa UTcoaTcaoxoXa TO TcapaycoyiKO
TOU 5uvaniKo... O aKpipo<; urixavoXoyiKog s^OTcXianoc; TOU
ouykpOTiiiiaTOQ EXEI TCpiX0i OE Tcpo'iouoa (p0opd yiau 01
EpyaoiEC. ouvTTipTidEcog Eivai UTcoTUTcco8i<;... H K. PEva Aa-

0 6(pXoC TTJC 0VIKT|C OlKOVOHiaC. IlOlOC ElVai 0 UTCaiTlOC

TCOU r) oTmEpivTi Touc oiKovoniKT] KaTdoTaor| H(pavi^Tai

XipOTpT| aTco TO 1977;
Edv EcpTai^av 016iaxipiOTc TTJC ETE yiaTi SEV KaXouVTai OE aTcoXoyia; Edv, OTCCOC cpaivETai, KOT' E^OXTJV UTcaiTIOC sivai o Aa8oTcouXoc \ie TTJV TcapA,KuoTiKTi TCO^ITIKT] TCOU

80TCOUXOU TCOU TCpOlOTttTai TOU TCpOOCOTClKOU OTCETUXE TCaTO-

ycoScoc, E^ aiTia<; TTJC; TcavTXou<; M,i\j/coc. ETCIOTTIHOVIKOU

UTc6pa0pou. ATCO Ta EpyooTdoid TT|<; TcapEXaoav Sifioipfeq
VECOV Kai TcaXicov ETCIOTTIHOVCOV, Tcfjpav TO pdTCTiojia TOU TCUpo<; 01 VEOI Kai TcXaioicooav, E^TCEIPOI TC^EOV, dMsc, ETCIXEIPTIOEK;. Kai auTO yiati TI oTmpivf| SIOIKTIOII TcpooXa^pdvEi ETCIOTTIHOVIKO TcpoocoTciKO (Aovo Kai ^iovo yia va TO xpTloinoTCOITIOEI cog EVIOXUVTIKO oToixEio yia TT|V E^aocpdXiori TOU TCO-

aKoA,OU0T|O, TCCOC TOU OTCOSlSETai r| 6iaXiplOT] TCOV ETClXElpTl-

OECOV, acpou SEV fjp0i KavEvac Xoyoc yia TOV OTCOIO TOU a(paip0T1K T] 6lOlKTlOT| TO 1977

KOI yia TOUC OTCOIOUC. EIXE OUO-

acoppEUOEi TcoivT) (puXttKioEcoc; 353 ETCOV;

To 1977 EIXE TcpopXr|0i oav Kupio<; Xoyoc. KaXu\(/coc; TOU
Aa6oTcouXou TO KOIVCOVIKO 8pd^ia TCOU 0a 5rmioupyiTO HE
TTIV aTCoXuoT) 1.000 EpyaTcov. IfJuEpa T] OCOOTIKTI ETCIXEIPTIOT)
Ka0apd (paivETai OTI EYIVE yia TOV AaoonouXo KOI oxi yia
TK; 1.000 oiKoyVi<;....

XUTC00T|TOU SaVElOU, TCl5Tl OKPIPCOC; O KOTl TETOIO TTJV UTCO-

XPECOVOUV 01 TcioToSoTiKoi opyavionoi....

ITK; 7 louXiou 1977 HE ounpaor) avd^iEoa OTT|V E0viKTi
TpdTCE^a Kai OTOV AaSoTcouXo, TCPOKEI^IEVOU va ^TI ^IEIVOUV
1000 oiKoyVi<; x^P^ V^ni, OTCCO<; ETCioTina EiTcco0TiK, 01

H TCpCOTT]OTl aTCU0UVOVTOV TCpOC, TOUg UTCOUpyOU^ lU-

VTOVIOHOU, EnTCopiou, BionTixaviac; Kai OIKOVO^IKCOV TT)<;

ETaipElEC, TOU OTTIV IldTpa Kttl TTj 0EO/K11 TE0T1KOV KOTCO OTCO
] 8101KT1OT1 (IE TT]V TpCXTCE^a VO EA.EYXEI TO A.I.

UTCOXPECOOEIC, ttTCO Va TCOOOOTO, KOTtt ^lOO OpO,

TO 1970, ETCEOE OTO 9,1% TO 1981.

TOTE K U E V T O T C T.

KOI TOV

10

UTtpTi|ioX6yT|aTi eioaycoycbv Kai Eyxcopicov 8aTtavcov

TinoXoyTiaTi E^aycoycbv = laoTtoaEC. KaTa00ic. OTTJV
EXpETia.
0 UTtp8avian6c, 0a aTtoSaxTEi UTtou^iEpayK. To XaiKO
io68ima (payconEvo aTto TOV TtXTi0copian6 SEV cpTdvEi coq TIC.

. Ta TtpoiovTa TCOV xcopcov TTI^ EOK 0a au^rjoouv TTI OU^^ETOXTI TOUC; OTIC, Tiponr|0ic. TOUEXX^viKou ATInoaiou EVCO avTi0Ta Ta EXXTiviKd TtpoiovTa TtoXu 8uoKoXa
0a ouvaYCovioTouv TO avTioToixa supcoTtaiKd,
Eivai oacpTic; TI UTtspoxTJ TT|<;
iaq OE TExvoXoyia Kai opYdvcooTi HE

TpttTtE^EC OTtCOC TtplV, 01 aVTiaUXlEC. TCOV TpaTtE^lTCOV yitt Ttt

xa^riXd TtXsov ETUTOKUX, aXXd Kai yia Ta 6dvia Ttou 0a xdaouv, 6rmioupYouv EVTOVEC. TtiEOEic. OTTIV KupEpvTiaTi TTIC. NA.

TT|V KaXUTEpTl TtOlOTT|Ta TCOV TtpOlOVTCOV ^ TO ^llKpOTEpO KO-

OTO<;. YTtdpxEi XOITIOV o Kiv8uvo<; va Hico0i 6paoTiKd TI

EYXCOpiac. pio|XTixav(a(; Kai pioTEXviac; (TOUKaTd TTI nETapaTiKTi Ttpio6o), Ttou ofmspa ^Ttp-

H KUppVT|OT| TT|C, NA KttVEl Tto8aplKO OTO 1981 HE TO VEO

vojio 1116/81, Ttou YEVIKEUEI Kai ETIEKTEIVEI TIC.

. To OIKOVO^IKO KXina Eivai papu, TO 6oXd-

Vd TO 60% TT|C. OUVoXlKTlQ tt^ittg TCOV TtpO|lT|0lCOV TOU

oiou, Ttou Eivai Ttdvco aTto 50 8i(; 6px. GE Kd0

KpaTiKcov npo^Ti0icov Ta TE^EUTaia xpovia... To npo
OV)V
6a TOavi^tTtoTtigouv iSiaiupa 01 KXddoi nou r/

plO ^ETlEpvd yia TtpCOTTf (pOpd TIC. 50 8p%. EVCO Ttt JlETpa yitt
(plXXU0pOTtOlT|aT| TTJC ttyOpdc TlpOKttXoUV aVTl7tapa0OlC
HEOa OTTIV KUpEpVTlOTl Ka0COC 0 Tlndpl0^0C KaXTtd^El. TO lU-

VTOVIOTIKO lunPouXio TCOV opyavcooEcov TCOV Bio^xdvcov

an TO K p t o q , orttoq

TtOU OUVEpXETttl OTtt TEXTJ OXfipdpTl SuXTtlOTCOVEl OTl KttTtt

TOUC 6UO TtpCOTOUC. HTT.VEC. TOU 1981 T| EOCOTEplKTl CTlTT|aT| Kttl

KCOV TtpOlOVTCOV, MTra(T^dTtOV, 50^K(OV, KSpa^lUKtOV Kai TtU-

01 E^aycoyEC. Ttapa^Evouv OE xajATiXo ETtiTtsSo Kai OTI T|

|i HEICO^EVTI xpT|oi|iOTtoiT|OT| TOU
KOU Suva^iKou TTIC;.
H EOCOTEPIKTI ayopd yia Ta EXXTiviKd pio|ATixaviK<x TtpoioVTa OTEVEUEI oTa0pd, Ka0coc. o TtA,Ti0copian6(; IIEICOVEI OUVEXtoc. TTJV aYOpaoTiKTi SuvanTi EUpuTaTCOv Xai'Kcov oTpcoiidTCOV. ATIO TT|V dXXri TtXsupd OTI<; ayopEc; TCOV jiEoaicov Kai
avcoTEpcov EiooSrmaTiKcov Td^ECov, TI EXA.TIVIKTI pio^iTixavia
Ka0coQ Ta TE^EUTaia xpovia 8sv EUTIXOUTIOTTIKE Xoyco XXEI\J/TI(; Ttv6uoCOv JIE VEOUQ KXd8ou<; Kai SEV TtapouoiaOE va TtpoiovTa uvj/T|XTi(; TtoioniTac., xdvEi oTa0pd 6a(po<;,
TO OTIOIO (puoiKd KaTaXajApdvouv 01 ^EVOI avTaycovioTEC..
Iun(pcova |i TT|V TiyEoia TOU LuvSEonou EXA.TIVIKWV Bio|iT|xavicbv 01 TtTCOTiKsc. TaoEiq TTIQ EocoTEpiKTiq ayopdq 0a OUVE-

p^axcov uXiKibv, TtpoiovTCov (Ti6f|poi), oximdTiov KOI 01 vai>Tiny ocTiia Kua<yTiK<; . . . .

XIOTOUV Kttl 0a VTa00UV OUVETtEia TCOV ttU^f|OCOV OTIC. Tl^lEC

TtXripEOTEpTl VTl|IpCOOT| TCOV EYX^OplCOV TtpO|IT10UTCOV

FlEpa aTto TK; 8iaTtioTcooi(; OUTEC;, Ttou Ttpay^iaTiKd TtpoXEYOUV TtoXXd, TO oimavTiKo OTTIV K0OTi TCOV piojiTixdvcov
Eivai OTI UTto8iKvuouv Ttpog TTjv KuppvT)aT| 8idcpopouc; TpoTtou<; (v6^l^ou(; f| oxi, OTtcoc. xapaKTT|pioTiKd 8iUKpivi^ouv)
Ttou TO dXXa KpdTTi TTIQ EOK xpTioijiOTtoiouv yia TtpooTaoia
TCOV EYXWPICOV TtpOHT|0UTCOV KOI TtpOTElVOUV TT| \r\\\H\ ttTtO
TT|V KUppVT|OT| TtttpOHOlCOV

...Ev8iKTiKd avacpEpovTai
KaTdTHT|OTl TCOV SUXYCOVIOHCOV OE TtOOOTT|TQ KttTCOTE-

p<; aTto auTEQ yia TK; OTtoiEC. ETtipdXXETai TO 8iKaico|ia KoiVOTIKOU AiaYCOVio|iou.
COOTE Va TtpOETOl^iaOTOUV

OTIC OTtOlEQ TtpOXCOpOUV 01 ETtlXElpllOElC. JAETO T^V ttTtXU0-

Ttpo8iaYpa(p<; ou^cpcovEg ^E Ta Eyxcopia TtapayojiEva

PCOOTI Touq. Oi au^f|0i(; auT<; 0a f|Tav (idXioTa Ttio EKTETOIIEVEC. av T| ayopd TK; of|Kcov. H XXi\|/Ti oncoq iKavoTtoiTiTIKTIC. ^TiTT|OTi(; avayKa^Ei TIQ BiojiTixaviEQ va Eivai ouvTT|pnTIKE<; OTIC; auf|Oic. TCOV
FivETai 8Tj|i6oia YVCOOTO OTI Xoyco TTJQ ucpEOTiq T| SIOIKTJOTI
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(iy0ouc; aTto vEupaXyiKouQ KXd8ou<; TTI<;
TtoiT|OT|<;. Oi TtXripocpopiEg OTOV TUTIO ^iXouv yia 10. Oi EKTtpoocoTtoi TCOV pio^iTixdvcov TtioTEuouv OTI T^v (8ia TU^T) 0a
avTijiETcoTtioouv ouvTO|xa Kai dXXEQ pio^TixaviEg 01 OTtotec.

TtpOiOVTO
UTtOKEl^lEVlKTl ETtlXoyTl TCOV TtpOOCpOpCOV, OTtCO<; HE TO

KpiTTjpio TT|<; TtoioTTjTac; TI TTJ<; TEXVIKTIQ a^iaq

aTtaiTT|OTi opcov TtapdSooTiq Kai 8id(pop<;
aTtamioEK; Ttou 6uoKoXuouv TOU<; aXXoSaTtouc.
0UT<;
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aKEuaoTcov HE aTtEU0iac; avd0OT|...

H K0OT| OUVEXlCsi OTl 01 EXXTjVlKEq KpttTlKEC, apXEQ TtpE-

TtEi va Xdpouv UTIOH/TI TK; Ttapandvco n068ou(; 5ia(puyfic. aTto

8lTtlOTCOOaV Tl6Tl OTl 8V UTtOpOUV Vtt OC00OUV aKO|lT| Kttl

TK; KOIVOTIKEQ ttTtaiTfjOEK; TtpOTlVOVTa<; Kai ETtlTtXEOV ^-

av wr\ai\JLono[r\ao\)v VEEC; ETtixEiprmaTiKEq nop(p(; (ava8iap0pcbaEi<;, OUYX^VEUOEK; K^TI). lu^cpcova us TOV IEB 01

Tpa, OTtcoc.:
KaTaXoyou SOKIJICOV KaTaoKEuaoTcov. ATIOTCOV ^T| KaTdXXTjXcOV |I aVTlKEl^lEVlKd KplTTJpia

OUVETtElEC. TTJC. OlKOVO^lKTl^ U(pOT|(; yiVOVTttl

yia TK; TtiXipT|Oi<; Ka0co<; aTto TTJV TtXEUpd TOU KpdToug SEV
Kai ouvETtfj^ avanTU^iaKTi TtoXiTiKf). Ta
Kai 01 KpaiiKec. 7ipo^f|6i(; artOTXoi)v nq
5UO ai/Hs

TWV

KaTaXXT|X6TT|Ta(; pdOEl TCOV aKOXoU00U|LlVCOV TtpOTUTtCOV

Kttl TtpOyEVEOTEpCOV OU(A|1ETOXCOV.

01 Ttpoocpopsc EYxcopicov Kai aXXo8aTtcov OIKCOV va yivovTai OE 8pax^Eq, COOTE 01 'EXXTivEc KaTaoKsuaoTsc va
UTIV OETOUV uvj/TiXd opia aocpaXsiac yia TTIV avTinETomioTi TUxov ouvaXXayixaTiKCOv 8ia(popcbv...
Fia va KaTaX^Ei Ttcoc Ta TtpopXfinaTa 0a Eivai TtoXu oo-

7ll(T(OV TOD LEB Ttpoq TTIV KDppVTl(TT|.

H OTEVT1 OXEOTj TOU KpdTOUQ TT1Q AE^ldq |A TOU<; T|HTPOU<; ETUXElpimaTlEC. HEOCO TT|<; TtoXlTlKTlQ TtpOHT10lCOV KOI

TO dvoiyna TTIQ oiKovofiiag Ttou ETiipdXa TI EVTO^TI OTTIV EOK, ETIITEIVOUV Ta TtpopXTi^aTa. lu^tpcova |i TO dp0po 39

Papd Ktt0COC ^ TT|V KaTdpyTlOT) TT)C TtOlKlX6^lOp(pTlC OTtO

Xpovia TtpooTaoiac, Ta EUpcoTtaiKd TtpoiovTa 0a EKTOTUOOUV

OE GTinavTiKO Pa0^6 Ta avTioToixa XXT|viKd HE oT||iavTiKc
ouvTtic oxi IAOVO OE opionvou<; KXd8ouQ TT|c. pio|XTixavia(;
KOI TTIQ pioTExviaq, aXXd a' 6XT| TTIV OiKovoiiia.
Oi OUVTOVIOHEVEC. TIIEOEK; TCOV pionTixdvcov o8T)youv TOV
avanXTipcoTTi unoupyo IUVTOVIO^OU I. IlaXaiOKpaood va avayvcopioEi 8Ti|i6oia OTI 01 ETIIXEIPTIOEK; Ttou EXOUV TtpopXTisivai apKT<; Kai OTI ouvTO^a TI NonionaTiKii ETtupo-

TT1C. OUV0T1KT|(; TtpOOXCOpr|OTl(; OTT|V EOK, TtpopXETtETai OTa-

j KaTdpYT|aT| TOU TtpOTi^TioiaKou Ka0OTCOTO<; YICX TTJV

piojiTixavia OTI<; Ttponfi0i(; TOU KpaTiKou Ttpo, Ttou 01 pio^Tixavoi Eixav TIETUXEI ME TOU<; VOUOUQ
3215/55 Kai 4484/65. ETtioTmTi EK0EOT1 yia XoYapiaono TOU
8
IEB 8iaTtioTcovi:
...H E(papnoYTi T0v OSiiYicbv 77/62 Kai 80/767 aTto TTIV
EXXdSa TtpoKEiTai va STIHIOUPYTIOEI TtpopXTi^aTa OTTJV Oi11

i8io<; o 7tpoE8po(; TOUIEB, OTTI auv8piaoTi TOU FEVIKOU

pouXiou TCOV piOHTixdvcov OTK; 16 Mapnou, 0a
Ttio TioXu Kai 0a avacpspa:
Oi pio|iTixavi<; TIOU EXOUV TtpopXTi^aTa Kai OETOUV
ixa ETcipicooEcoq avrJKouv OE Tpi<; KaTTiyopiEg: a) OTTIV
yopia EKEIVCOV TCOU Eixav ajto TioXXd xpovia TrpopXTi^aTa Kai
Eivai aio aTtopiag yian SEV EXOUV aKo^Ti SIOKOVI/EI TTI

Cf| TT|<; KUpEpVTjOTiq 0tt XdpEl HETpCt yitt TT|

JTTIPI^TI TCOV EniXElpTlOECOV ttUTCOV, nOU EXOUV KXOVIOTEI ttTCO

:TIV u<par|. IuH(pcova H TOV unoupyo TI 8uaxpil<; 0oil OTTIV

)no(a pplOKOVTttl 01 EniXElpTJOEK;ttUTEQOCpElXfiTttl OTO 8ttVl3HO TOUQ OTO 7tapX00V Kttl YEVlKd OTT1V KOKTJ OXOT| l8lCOV

Kai EVCOV KEcpaXaicov, nou EXOUV Tcopa oav anoTsXEona va

ouv0XfpovTai 01 Hovd5<; auT<; uno TO pdpoc; TCOV xpcoXuaicov Kai TauToxpova va TOUQ anoppocpouv Kd0
luHcpcova H TOV OIK. Taxu8pono: ...IIap' on and KupEpvi)TiKij<; nXeupaq KatapdXXgTai npocndOEia va nEpiopurOEi
t| cninaeria TOV OEfiaToq, civai ysyovoq on 01 KaKO/Ti(THvq
EXXi|viKe^ pio^xavieq nou SEV EXOUV uyid Kq>aXaiaKfj 8idp0p(0(FT| KXovi^ovTai Tcbpa laxupd and TK; <TEICTIUK<; dovfj<m<; nou rrpOKdXd r\ napamapEvi) OIKOVOHIKTJ u<pcn|. Tcbpa anofciKvuETai noai\ a^ia EXOUV 01 aOpo<; i5pu<ri<;
Xavicbv nou x>pi<; npoypapfia yivovtav ata xpovia Tt)<;
ETia<; KOI 01 onoi<; atTipi^ovtav gta 6dvEia TTOD E^acrcpd
EvavTi npo^OEiaq pepaia, 01 dvOpconoi ir\<; xouvTaq. Tcbpa
KIV$UVEUOUV 6Xa va crcopiacrTOUv aav nupyoi and TpanouXoXapTa... 10
TTIV KEpioSo auTTi Eivai (pavEpii r\ 7tpoo7cd0ia TOU IEB
va pdXsi 0^a 7tpopXTmaTiKcov 7iixipiiocov Kai nia anTixavia ano tr\ nspid TTIQ KupEpvTioTig TTIQ NA yia TOrcco<;0a

OTT|pl6TTlTd TOU<; P) OT^V KttTTiyOpia EKEIVCOV KOU

TtpopXiiHaTa Xoyco TTJQ ouyKup(a<; Kai Ta KpopXfjuaTa auTd

TK; oSiiyouv as avayKaoTiKTi 8iaK07tTi TTJ<; XsiToupyiaq TOUQ
Kai y) OTTIV KaTTiyopia EKEIVCOV KOU EXOUV TtpopXiinaTa Xoyco

Fia TtpcoTTj (popd, iaax;, 8ivTai ETOI jiia ouvoXiKt] siKova

TOU TtpopXlllAaTOC; TCOV TtpopXTmaUKCOV 7UXlpl1.0COV, Hltt

EiKOva KOU TTI ouHTtXTipcbvEi noXu xapaKTTipioTiKa o N. NiKoXdou:

...Av 0eXa^ tibpa va avacpEpOoupiE Kai dtov Tiapdyovta
Piofifjxavoc;, Oa Xeya^c 6u ae apKEteq
anoTEXovv fiEioyi|(pia) 01 EnixEipimaTiE^ OUTOI
voi and TOV Kaipo TTJ*; OYNPA Kai ta jipoacpaTa SdvEia rr\c,
Xouvtaq pa0av va SouXeuouv ^E ^eva xptmata ^ 5iaKiv6uveuovtaq OUTE ma ScKcipa SIKIJ TOU<;. AKO^TI ^ia0av va cruyXEOUV TTJV T<rc7iT| TOU^ \it TO Ta^Eio TI|^ pio^t|xavia<;. H ayopd
EXEI poufj^a TK; TEXEUTaiEq fip<; ano ir\v TtEpirtTtodTj PIO^TJXavoi) 5ia0ETOVTO<; tpaq picbcn^E<; EmxEipffaEi^ EK TCOV o-

TO 0^a. npOKElTttl yitt EVO ^^11^10 7COU OUvSEETttl

TK; 8ia<pop07coiTioi<; noa OTOU<; KoXTcout; TOU VTOTUOU nsydXou KEcpdXaiou yia TO 7tco<; 0a yivsi o Kouyxpoviano<; TCOV 8o^cov TTI<; x^paQ Kai TIOIOQ 0a (pspEi TTIV noXm-

nOlCOV EKXEICTE TJ6t| TT| ^O KOI anElXEl VO KXE19EI Kttl Tl) 8 CUT 8-

pT| (IE a(pop^T| TO yEyovoq on i\ EOvncfj TpdnE^a 5ev TOU divEi

vea SdvEia. LimEicoTEov OTI o i5io<; pio^xavo^, npiv ano Xiyouq HTJv<; aydpacrE yicoT a^iaq 2,5 EKOT. SoXapicov Kai piXXa
CTTK; LnETaE<;. Flioq va Em^fjaouv Xoinov 01 piofiiixaviE^ otav
13
Xi)XaTouv 01 18101 01 Biofrijxavoi;...

KTl KOI KOIVCOVIKT1 EU0UVT1' EXEl ETUOTiq Va KaVEl HE KOtrtOlEQ

U7TOOXOig T! 8O|lUOl(; TOU 7tpO8pOU TOU FIAIOK

ETCOXTI auTTi. O 7ipO8po<; TOU EEB A. Kupiail<; jiiXcovTai;

OTOV 7tpco0U7ioupy6 F. PdXXri Kai TOU<; OIKOVOHIKOU<; UKOUpyOUq TOU,EVCO KOpWpCOVOVTaV Tl 8lV^Tl IEB-

ITO EOCOTEplKO TT|<; KUPEPVTIOT]*; Tl^ NA aVTl7CapaTl0-

KupEpvTioTig, TJTav ajtoKaXuTtTiKog yia TTI oTpaTTiyiKTi TOU

liEyaXou KEcpdXaiou: ...T| Eiaodoq njq xwpa<; pac, atTjv EOK
KOI yEviKd TI EnavEvcTb)fidTcocTi| TTJ<; <TTO SuTiKOEUpconaiKO
n
^6p(|)to^a cruvEndyETai TT| pTj^Tj ^E TO napEX66v... .
ITO HETa^u a TOV TUTIO 7tXii0aivouv 01 avacpop^Q OTTIV u12
E7tixipTioCOV Tcou avTiHETcoTci^ouv 7tpopXfjnaTa . O

vTai 8uo ypann<;. ^^i<; OKOVJ/EK; va Hico0ouv Ta ETtiTdKia

Kai va 8o0ouv VEa SdvEia yia KEcpdXaia KIVTIOECOC; OTOU<; PIOHilXavou<; undpxi o avTiXoyoc;, Kai Ta avu0Ta oujicpEpovTa, no\) unooTTipi^ouv OTI 11611 Ta ETUTOKW Eivai Kai apvr|TiKCX OE OX^OTI HE TOV 7tXTi0copion6 Kai xcx^TiXd. O avTiXoyo<;
ano TOU<; TpansCiT<; Kai i8iaiTpa an6 TTIV Tpdva HTIV H^opouv 01 xoipoTpocpoi HCK; va nouXiioouv Ta VTOnia KpEaTa TI EKpid^ovTai ano Touq Ennopouq va Ta nouXiioouv 10 8paxH^ (p0riv6Tpa TO KiXo ano TTIV TpExouoa TIHTJ.
Flspa OHCO(; an6 TO OVE^TIYTITO TOU npaynaToq, onou 8aVEio6oTiTai Hia ETaipEia, TI onoia otinqxova HE TOV100X0yion6 TT|<; 8sv npaynaTonoiTioE OUTE
ano TTIV sunopia KpsaTO<; TO 1978 Kai TK; Eioaycoy^g TK; KdVEI Evaq ano TOUC; ISIOKTTITEQ TTJ<; oav nnopo<;, TI un60OTi
TT|<; 0pdKTi<; napouoid^Ei KI dXXo Ev8iacp^pov. luyKEKpiHEva, ouHcpcova ndvTa HE Ta OToixsia TCOV looXoyioHcbv TT|<;,
TI ETaipEia 0pdKTi A.E. napaycoyfi Kai Ennopia Kp^aTO<;, TouXdxiOTOv TO 1978 EIXE: auvoXuai ^nia 157.408.885
6px EVCO TO ouvoXo TCOV ndyicov K(paXaicov TTJ<; TITOV HiKpoTEpo ano TK; ppaxunp60OHQ Kai HdKponp60OH<; unoXPECOOEK; TTI<;, nou OTinaivEi OTI HE TpanE^iKd KpiTrjpia 6sv
EIXE TTIV anapaiTTiTT) nioToXTinTiKfj IKOVOTTITO Kai aocpdXEIE<;.
ME dXXa Xoyia SiiXao'Ti, Kai 6nco<; EVTOva KUKXo(popi
OTTIV ayopd, TO HIOO nXa(pov yia TK; EioaycoyEq (p0Tivcbv
KpEdTcov, TO nrjpE H EVToXfj TOU unoupyou I. IlaXaiOKpaoad Hia HOVO ETaipaa, TI onoia 8sv EioTiyayE OUTE sva KiXo
Kpa<; HXPi Tcopa....
OTOV OIKOVOHIKO TaxuSpOHO 19.2.1981).

0PAKH A.E.

...Anopi(; npOKdXEOE TI EniXoyfj Kai 8avio8oTTioTi TTI<;

Taipia(; 0pdKTi A.E. oav n6vri(; iKavri<;-Yia
EioaycoyTi cp0Tivcov KpEdTcov ano Tiq X^PEC; TTI<; EOK.
'ETOI, EVCO TI NoiuoHaTiKTi EniTponii sniKaXfiiTai TO unTianoppTiTO KOI 8sv ^aq yvcooTonoiEi TTI OXETIKTJ an<)(paoTi TOU avanXTipcoTTi unoupyou IUVTOVIO^OU I. IlaXaioKpaood, HE TTIV onoia 8avio8oTTi0TiK TI OUYKEKPIHEVTI ETcipEia HE 250 EKaT. yia va npaynaTononiOi ioaycoy(;
(P0T1VCOV KpEttTCOV ttn6 Tiq XWp<; TT1Q EOK, TOUXdXIOTOV OTT|V
l

KpsaTayopd TOUPEVTTI SEV ^x HWEI OUTE Eva KiX6

ano x^bp^ ""1Q EOK OTO ovo^ia TTIQ pdKTiq Kai (puoiKd
Eivai... <p0TivoTpo.
AvTi0Ta pidXioTa Kaioncoc; nXTipo(popTi0fiKaH OXETIKCI,
EXEI npaynaTononioEi OTinavTiK^<; Eioaycoy^g xoipivcov Kai
Hooxapioicov KpEdTcov an6 A. TEpnavia, OXXavSia KXn. o
K. TloTaHiav6<; (EK TCOV iSiOKTTiTcbv TT|<; ETaipsiaq) aXXd aav
Kai (puoiKd HE TK; TIHE<; TOU Ennopiou.
Oi EninTc6oi<; ano TTIV Eioaycoyii Kup(co<; xoipwou Eivai
i8iaiTpa 8uonVi<; OTOU<; xoipOTpocpouq TTIQ npioxri<; Aypiviou nou anEiXouvTai HE KaTaoTpocpTi. luncpcova H
(pcoviK<; KaTayyXi<; ano TTIV nEpioxil auTfj, TI ayopd
ano TK; Eioaycoyfiq H KpEaTa, H

12

TTIC EXXdSac. H avTi7capd0OTi yivETai avoixTfj OTTJ

FEV. luvEXsuoTj TTIC TpdTiE^ac TTJ<; EXXdSac, OTO TEXoc TOU
AnplXlOU. O SlOlKTlTTJC TTJC EV.

TOUC |iydXc ETcixEiptioEic. Tcov Kupicov auTcov KOU HE (popoXoyiKsc ajcaXXayEQ OTa KEp8^ Kai OTa nspionaTa Kai xdpt|
OTa cpTTivd 8dvia TtsTUxav va yivouv nsyaXoi Kai Tpavoi ETCI-

ZoXcOTttC KttVEl EKTEVT] ttVtt-

(pOpd OTIC 8iap0pCOTlKC OTPEPXCOOEIC TTJC XXT|VlKfjC OIKO-

voniac Kai tjlTd TTJV auoTTjpTi Ecpapnoyii TtEpiopioTiKfjc vom-

H FEVIKTI luvEXsuoTj TOU IEB 0a YIVEI Eva

OUttTlKTlC, STIHOOIOVOHIKTJC Kttl ElOOSTJUaTlKTIC TCOXlTlKfjC.

E7C10EOT1 TCOV plO^TlxdvCOV OTT^V OIKOVOHIKT1 7COXlTlKT| TTJC

O TtpoESpoc TOU IEB A. KupiaCt)C TOV SiaSEXETai OTO

UKoypanni^ovTac OTI H avdyKi] yia HM OI^LKT\
OTT\V OIKOVOHIKT] ;roAiriK7J nov 9a eviaxvaei evwva TijveacoTepiKij npoayopd, KaOdaov wvhdxiawv acpopd TTI
xavia, yiverai nepiaadTepo nieoTiKT) idiox; ne TTJV
OTTJV EOK. ITO jiETa^u o A. nanavSpEou HE OUVEVTEU^TJ
TOU OTO Bfjna TTjv KupiaKfj TOU ndaxa PIXVEI oa<pic y(pupsc Jtpoc TOV IEB Kai XEEI yia TIQ rcpopXTUiaTiKEc: Oa sivai
avTO eva and TO npcoTa Oenara nov 6a anaaxo^aei TTJV
ri nac,. FIoM npiv OKecpwvue dAAa /icrpa OTT\ 0ioOa npenei va avnueTconiaoviie TO npdfttTma enipicboco<; avTcov T&V eTaipei&v. Eivai xpopkrma endows avdneoa oe KSIVS<; nov unopovv va anoS&aovv aw KOIV&VIKO avvoko Kai TI<; onois<; npensi, va aTripi&vue maTmiKd,
anaiTcovTas OUGX; Kai opianevsq ea&TepiKsq ava8iapOpa>asit; KOI on<; aAAec 01 onoisq e%ovv Teteicbaei ovaiaanKd
TI]V anoowXfi wvt; Kai 01 onoisq dev exovv nepiOcbpia sni(Ho)ari<;.
ITIC 10 Matou TO Bfjna STIHOOIEUEI 7ipcoTooXi5o via
T v
Ta 320 810. 8px. XP^ ^ pionrixavicov Ttpoc TIC TpaKE^EC.
luncpcova HE TOSrinooiEUna TO aoTpovoniKo nooo TCOV 320
SioEKaTOHnupicov Spaxjicov XP^OTOuoav, OTO TEXoc AnpiXiou 01 EXXi^viKEc piopiiixaviEC Tipoi; TTJV E0viKf| TpaKE^a,
TT|V ETBA KOU TIC dXXEC E^TlOplKEq TpttTlE^EC (170

fipvrio^c. ITOV TuTto SiinooiEuovTai EKTinfjoEic yia ETtacpEC TOU FIAIOK HE TOUC TEXvoKpdTEc TOUIEB Kai yia s^opyionEVT] oKXTipfj ^Epi8a pio^Tixdvcov 01 ETCIXEIPTIOEIC TCOV
O7COICOV ttTCElXoUVTai |1E KOIVCOVIKOTIOITIOTI. H KUPPVT|OT1 TT|C

NA 0a UTcoxcopTioEi OTIC KIEOEIC TCOV pio^iTixdvcov Kai OTIC

apx<; louvTi 0a HEICOOEI Ta ETCITOKIO xopTiyT\aCov KaTd 8uo
novd8c (ano 23,5% OE 21 %) OTa SdvEia yia KEcpdXaia KWTIOECOC. TauToxpova ^EICOVEI Kai Ta ETUTOKUI 7ipo0oniaKcbv
KaTa0OCOV OTtt 7Cl7C8a TOU 16% ECOC 20% JiTa0TOVTaC
OTOUC KaTa0ETC TO KOOTOQ ttTCO TTI XPTIHatoSOTTlOTl tCOV
plOHT|XdVCOV. IllHElCOVOUHE 7CCOC TTI OTiynfj EKEIVT1 O
ETpEXE HE 25 % 14 .

0 ANAPEAL HA TIL nPOBAHMATIKEL

O A. IlaTiavSpEou HE VEO TOU OUVEVTEU^TI OTT^V EAEY0EPOTYniA T07co0TiTai avaXuTiKd yia TO ^T|TTina TCOV
8ev eivai napd TI avanoTpenTi] avveneia TT]<; a^onpoaa^t; OIKOVOUIKTIQ ffoAirifCffc TTIS defyd<; Kai eidiKOTepa Tj)<;*nioT(OTiKT}<; n/c noXiTiKt}(;. TIoAu npiv^eondaei avoiXTd w np6f}\T\avTO w nALOK eix marmdvi nov Oa o8i}yovoe TI aveSidOeaTi T&V haiKcbv anoTaiiievaewv and TK; Tpdne&q. Ta ovfKKp^va awi%eia Seixvovv KaOapd nax; o
Kvpiot; ojKoq TCOV Tpane^niKcov niaTcbaecov KaTevOvvovTai
a' evav niKpo apiOiio neydktov eni%eipfiaecov, xcopic, KaveTtovnf.vav ovaiaoTiKd
aTcoaecov OVTCOV Kai /idAiara ave^dprr/ra KOI and
6(pA.TiaTi<; TO)V npoTtfoviievcov moTcoaecov. 'Hrotv eniaqc;
(pavepo nco<; ^oAAec and TK; mxipijai<; avT<;, yia va naipvovv dAo KOI nYaA,VTp<; nioTCoaeic, %pT\ai^ionoiovaav w
nixeiprma nco<; %o)pi<; TIC, maTcoaeiq enpene va
KOI va neTd&vv wvc, epydTeq aw Spdiio. To eniXipT)na eniave Kai o (pavkos KVK&O<; avve%i^ovTav \ie ovaiaoTiKri oviinaiyvia Tpanetyv Kai eni%eipfiaeo)v. And TTIV
dAAry \iepia. 01 niaT(boei<; npo<; TK; \iiKpo\ieo aiec, em%eipf\aei<; Kai wvq aypdTeq dev (pTavav ome yia TT\V Kdhv\i/ri r<w
awixeicoScbv maTCOTiKcbv avayKcbv wv<;. Yndpxovv owiXia nov dei%vovv not; 01 nioTidoei<; n.% OTT\ froTExvia nov
anoTekeiTai and %ikid8e<; niKpoemxeipijaeK; eivai XiydTepe^
and TIC, nioTcooi<; 10 iieydkwv emxeipTiaetov...
. . . Tcopa nov TI jcardaraar/ <pTao aw anpoxcoprjw TI NA
avayKdaTT]Ke va w napa8e%Tei Kai w nepiepyo \id\iota.
eivai nco<; KaTr\yopei TK; Tpdne(,e<; aav nova8iK<; vnevOvvei;
yia TTI \aQeiievT] nokiTiKij nov eydpnoaav...
Ti Oa Kdvei w TJALOK; Fia iia<; w Beya eivai Kpiai^r]
' UVTO TI Kvpepvj]OTi wv FJAZOK //dAtc avaAdTTive&vaia Oa npoxcopijaei OTTIV e(papnoyr} evd<; avyKeKpinevov axijuawt; ^vyiavaTi<; TCOV npo^rmaT
pijaecov. H e^nyiavat] avTij Oa aTt]pi(,eTai OTIC,
apx<;:
1. Oa 8iepevvt]Qei TI frcoawdTTiTa f\ \LT\ TCOV
KCOV enixipijacov, ave^dpr)Ta and
j 8idpOpcoai] wv evepyT\TiKov wvq... 'H8r] w UAZOK
ovvonTiK<; eKBeaeic, avrfc, TTI<; iiop(pii<; yia pia aeipd \ieyd-

OTTJV E-

TE, 65 OTTIV ETBA, 85 OTIC; XOIKEC). To nEyaXuTEpo nspoc

TCOV 8ioKaTOHnupicov auTcov ocpEiXouv ov XEYOHEVEQ ?ipopXrinaTiKC pionTixotviEQ, nou ou^cpcova HE umJOuvouc uTioXoyionouc, ^ETCEpvouv ofinEpa TIC 100, EVCO 01 XEYO^EVEC
ZT1HIOYOVC 7lXT]Old^OUV TIC 1200

KlXlpTlOlC....

KaTd TO 8TinooiUna OTOV KaTaXoyo TCOV 7ipopXrmaTiKCOV TIOU avTi^ETConi^ouv To (pdojia TTIC XPWKomac,
XanpdvovTai pionrixaviEC xdpTou, HETQXXEUTIKEC
VIEC, KXcooToucpavToupyiEC, pionrixaviEC ^uXou, KovoEppoTtoiiEC Kai ETtE^Epyaoiac YcopyiKcov TipoiovTcov.
ITIC 9 Matou ouv8pid^Ei r\ NonianaTiKii EniTpOKfj UTIO
TOV F. PdXXri KOI ou^Td TT^V npoTaoii yia HEICOOT) TCOV ETIITOKICOV KaTd 1 E"COC 1,5 novdSa OTa 8dvia yia K(pdXaia KIVTIOTTI BionTixavia. O H. ZoXcoTac avTiSpd Kai avaKoivcbOTI SEV 9a YIVEI Ka^id ^ETapoXii OTO uvj/oc TCOV EKITOKICOV. I' ttUTTI TT]V KUpEpV^TlKT) aKO(paOT| ttVTl8pd EVTOVO O

IEB TIOU ouv8pid^i an^ococ TTI AEUTSpa 11 Matou. (FIpoOE^TE TTI OElpd: IdPpttTO T| KUPPVT|TIKT1 aTCOCpttOTl, KupiaKT|

ro 7cpcoToo^Xi8o OTO BTina, AEUTEpa TI ETCIOTIUTI avaKoivcooTi

rou IEB). Tov TpayEXacpo TTJC 7toXiTiKf|c TCOV KupEpvfjoEcov
AE^idc avaKaXuTCTEi ^acpviKd Kai o npaniv U7io8ioiKiiTTIC ETE riouXctKoc TCOU pcoTd OTa IloXiTiKd 0naTa:
.. ./Tore r\ Uohreia ijTav avvnfi<; ne wv SOVTOV TTJ<;; 'O1
rav, ftsxP npdTivoq, coOovas wvq pio^ijxavov<; aesnevSvnK<; SpaaTTjpidTi]T<;, us dAa Ta psaa, npoo(pepovTa<; tieao)
wv Tpane^iKOV avaTrinawq d(pOovo SavsiaKd xpr^ia TI TCOpa nov 01 SKnpdaconoi TT\<; fipioKovv n<; flionrixavfet; vnsp6aveianev<;; 'Orav r\ /ToAirem anedexew Kai 0oiioOwvae ctvaAoyi<; idico v K(pakaia)v npoq &va 15% &<; 30% iSia
r\ Tcopa nov 01 apudSioi ava<ppovTai OTIJV ayyAi^ OIKOVOHia, onov T\ ava^oyia eivai 50:50;...
BEpaia KavEic SEV EpcoTd yia TIC EU0uv(; TCOV 7tixipTi.|ia-

2. ZTTJV nepinTcooTi nov TI KaTdaTaar] TTIC, nixipriori<; oapaoiK<; a8vvani<; nov 8ev eivai 8vvaTdv va avTinTcomawvv, rj em%eipT\GT\ npenei va Kkeiaei Kai va navaei va anaTakd TTI AaiVrj anoTa^ievar]. TTJV npcowpovkia

TICOV KUplCOV (1ETOXCOV TCOV ETaipElCOV aUTCOV 7COU HE HT|8aLivfj TCEplOUOiaKTj OUnpoXTl 0EOttV KttTCO OTCO TOV

13

yia nia TETOIO EKKaOdpiarj npinei va avahdpovv 01

Tpisg TpdxE&g. 0a %piaoTi (pvaixd va
TO Tcpophrma TCOV aTcaaxohoviisvcov ang snixEipijoEig avTEg
TCOV TI Kv$ipvr\ai\ npinei va SIOXETEVGEI o dMovg avanwo-

UTt' apiOji. 323/16.7.1981

HE TTIV ojcoia Ka0opi'CovTai Ta nETpa yia Ti|
tiaxn) ii|c K8(paXaiaiciic SidpOpaxnic Kai cvicxuciic TT)C OIKOycviKct 6<n)c pio^xaviKtov Tti/apf|(it:cov

3. 'Ofag 01 ETcixEipijoEig TCOV 9a KpiOovv fiicbaiiiEg 0a

HTCOVV KOTCO anoxia SiaSiKaoia pi&Kijg avadiopydvcoorig. . .
4. H SiaSiKaaia o^icog avTij TcpovTcoOsTEi TOV avaymio
steyxo. EX&OV a ' oteg Tig TcspiTCTcbasig o steyxog avTdg sivai SvvaTog HE TT] usToxoTcoiTjori TCOV SavEiaxcov KE(paA,aicov
TCOV TpaTcscbv... 'ETCH %ao(paM&Tai o KoivcoviKog shsyxog
TCOV ETCixEipijoECOv, acpov TO K(pdhaia da avTJxovv OTO KOI-

ME TTIV anocpaoTi auTT] TI NA ava0Ti OTIC TpdTiECEQ va

VCOVIKOTCOITJ^VO TpOTCE^lKO

OTT]V aU^OTl TOU

KE(paXaiOU TCOV TlpopXTlnaTlKCOV ETCIXEIPTIOECOV (A.E)

Kai KaTd 70% (Ecp' ooov E^Eyxouv TO51 % TTIC; ETaipEiac)

I 5dvia Kai EKITOKIO 18,5%, auTo Ttou IOXUEI yia Tig
7Cv8uoi(; OE TiayiEC EyKaTaoTdoEic. Pu0ni^ovTai ETCIOTJ^ 01
XTl^l7tp60OH<; OCpElXEC TCOV PlO^XaVlKCOV

OTIC; TpaTCECfiC, TCOU npoEpxovTai ano ppaxu7ip60EOH(;

naTo8oTfjoi(; TIOU a7io86iynva 6iaT0T|Kav coq TK;
31.6.1971 yia ndyiEC EyKOTaoTdoEK; Kai E^onXiojuo Kai (iTaTpEKOVTai OE ^aKpo7tp60ona 6dvia 8 ETCOV HE ETIITOKIO
18,5%.

OVOT^tt...

5. Eivai (pavspo Tccog TO npopkrma Trig SioiKijorig Eivai

TcdvTa Kpiainrig orinaoiag... BaoiKdg TcapdyovTag ps^Ticooijg TOV Oa sivai o vsog pcUoc TCOV Epyafrnsvcov. . .
6. Fia TO texTonEpEiaKO o%8iaono Kai \)Konoir\oT\ Tt]g
TCOV Tco^naTiKcov ETCIXEIPIJOECOV 0a
(popsa....

M TTIV a7l6(paOTl aUTTJ ETClpEpaiCOVETai J\ ETtlKpdT^OTl

OTT]V TiapaOKTlViaKT] aVTl7tapd0OTl, TCOV aTCOlJ/ECOV EKEIVCOV
TCOV TpttTCEClTCOV 7COU TJTttV aVTl0TOl OE ^lETpa TiayCOHEVCOV
7UOTCOOECOV Kttl ETCESlCOKttV, KOI TCETUXaV, Vtt OVOTE0EI 1\ OCOtt TCOV 7CpopA,TlHaTlKCOV EKlXElpTlOECOV OTl<; TpdTCE^EC, 01

Ol 8ltt(pOpTlKC ttTTOll/ElC VlCt TT1V OlKOVO^llKTl

Ott OTTIV KUppVT]OTl T. PaXXT], 7COU K(pp<ioUV Tiq 6ltt(pOEKTIJITJOEIC Kttl Ttt OUyKpOU6nVa OU^CpEpOVTa
OTOUC KoXflOUC TTIC VTOTliag ttOTlKTlC Ttt^C, 0<X OUVEXIOTOUV.

EC Kai 0a aTiocpdai^av KOTCI Tpono TXoi8iKO noisq ano

auTEc sivai PICOOIHEC* o' avTi0OT| HE TIC a7iov|/ic TIOU
oav va ouoTa0i EiSiKoc (popEac TCOU HE TtupTJva
TpttTiE^cov 0a a7to(pdoi^ KaTd TPOTCO KEpioooTEpo OVTIKEI-

TEXiKd o E. ApEpcocp avaXaupdvsi avTinpoESpoc Kai UTtspuKoupyoc OIKOVOHIKCOV OTTIV KupEpvTioTi. AiajAOpcpcovovTai
v&c laoppOTcfec Kai TfiXiKd OTIC 18 IouX,Ti avaKoivcovEi o APspcocp SEO^TI ^ETpcov yia TT] aTa6po7touioTi TTIC OIKOVOi'8ia auTTi 7Cpio8o 0a ouvTd^Ei ETU'OTIC Kai TTIV
15
EK0EIH ABEPQO avacpopiKd HE TTIV Tpayi-

HEVIKO yitt TT] plCOOlJIOTTlTa TCOV ETtlXElpTlOECOV OUTCOV.

IXoXid^ovTac Ta ^ETpa auTd o A. iTEpyiou OTIHEICOVEI 6TI: vo^fi07toiouvTai KI cmppapsuovTai TCKTTCOTIKEC; napapd<ii(; Kai ^ijtouvTai "aEpit^ijSEC K(paXaiouxoi" Kai OUVEXIEI: MsMya hoyia ^TEI'TOI and TK; iSisq TpdTC&<; 01
v6xonvco<; KaTEOTTjoav npo(lA,T]naTiK<; TK;
avTEg va Tig ocboovvnETd TTJV vnvdvvt] SiamoTcooij

KaTdOTaOT] TTIC

Ol AnOOALEIE THE NA

01 VEEC looppojiisg OTTIV KupEpvrioTi 0a (pspouv KOI

T| OXEOTI iSicov Tcpog ^Eva K(pdXaia, aav ouvsxEia TCOV

E^EXi^scov, 8ianop(pcovTai OTO 25% (aTco
33,5% TO 1979)
TO IIIKTCX Kp8Ti (jiETa TIC aTcoopEOEic) (pTaaav TO 3,3
810. 8px. (au^T|OTi 31,8%) EVCO Ta Ka0apd Kp8Ti (Xico0TiKav
KaTd 13,4% Xoyco TCOV au^fiEvcov xptmaTooiKovoiiiKCOv E68cov, TCOU EcpTaoav TO 1,5 610. 8px. (au^TjOT] 60,8%).
Tcapd TT| nEicooTi TCOV Ka0apcov Kp8cov t| ETaipEia (xoipaos yia TTI XPTIOTI TOU 1980 au^jiEvo ouvoXiKo jiEpiona KaTd 7,2%. IE ouvoXo Ka0apcov KEpScov 411,3 EKOT. 8px. TO
ouvoXiKo nEpio^a yia TO1980 aTcocpaoioTTjKE va Eivai 241,7

EAAHNIKH XAPTOOOIIA A.E.

...IUVXIOTT1K Kttl OTO 1978

T\ ^TlJllOyOVOC TCOpEl'a

A.E. EXXT]viKT]c XapTOTtoiiac HETd TTI ounpipaoTiKTi TOKTO7COIT1OT1 TCOV EKKpE^COV UTCOXpECOOCOV TTJC KttTtt TO 1977

KOI

TO 7cpoKU\|/av EKTttKTO Eoo8o TCOU TCpiXTai oTa Sidcpopa

EOo8a TO 1977. 'TOI r\ ouoocopEUHEVT) ^^id ^ETCEpaoE Ta
357 EKttT. 8px. KaiTj Ka0rp-i OEOT] Eivai aTinavTiKd apviiTuai
Kai ouvTp^x^i TCEpiTCTcooTi TOUdp0pou 48 TOU v. 2190 yia avdOUOTCXOECOC TTig ETaipEiag. IldvTcoc aTco

TT| OUYKplOTl TCOV ^IKTCOV Kp8cOV Jl TO OUVOXo TCOV 5aTCttVCOV

TTIC xpTlOECoc 8iaTcioTcbvTai OTi Eivai TcoXu SuoKoXo av oxi

a8uvaTO, va TCPOKUIJ/EI OETIKO aTCOTEXsona OTIC ETCOHEVEC;

. 8px.

oxETiKd OTOV OiKov. TaxuSpono 13.8 Kai

XPT10IC....

3.9.1981).
'OTav TO niKTd KEp8r| au^dvovTai KaTd 31,8% ^E au^-

(AT^ooiEuna OTOV OIKOVOHIKO TaxuSpojio 14.2.1980).

H TCEplTCTCOOT] TTiq EM,T1VIKT1<; XapTOTCOllOC A.E.

TTIC OIKO-

OTJ TOU EVEpyTlTlKOU J10VO KOTO 17,1% OE Tl XPEld^OVTOl ttU-

yEVEiag KscpdXa Eivai xapctKTTipioTiKTi TCEPITCTCOOTI TCOV 8aVEICOV TTI<; xouvTac.

va 8aviaKd KEcpdXaia KOTO 52,3%;

'OTav, EV TcdoTi TCEpiTCTcooEi, UTcdpxouv au^T^EVEg avd8aviaKcov K(paXaicov, TCCOC KaiyiaTi aTcocpaoi^ETai va
8o0i au^^Evo nEpiona OTCO Ta nEiconsva Ka0apd Kp8Ti;
Iloioi KOI yiaTi aTcocpaoi^ouv au^oTi TCOV ppaxuTcp60Eo^icov 8aviaKCov KscpaXaicov KOTO 62,7% OTav TO u<poc TCOV
ETCITOKICOV EXEI 8ianop(pco0i EI<; TciTC8a ETCITPETCOVTO 8uva-

nEIPAIKH-IIATPAJKH

ITTI yEviKTi OUVEXEUOT) TCOV HETOXCOV TTI<; ETaipEiac OTK;

26 IOUVTI 1981 yivovTaiyvcooTd TO aTcoTEXEonaTa XPTIOT]C yia
TO 1980. lujAcpcova \i* auTd:
Ta (8ia KEcpdXaia EcpTaoav Ta 3,1 610. 8px. (au^oTi
13,8% svavTi TOU 1979)
TO ^va KEcpdXaia, ppaxuTcp60ona Kai naKpoTcp60ona, EcpTaoav TO 12,5 810. 8px. (au^oTi 52,3% EVOVTI TOU
1979). Ei8iKd 01 ppaxuTcp60onc UTCOXPECOOEIC
62,7%

TOTTlTtt aVTlHETCOTClOECOQ TCOV ^lOVO EIC ETClXElpTlOEIC EUKaipiaKOU f| HOVOTCCOXlttKOU XapaKTTlpOC, OTCCOC A.l T] EK0EOT] TOU

A.I. TTIC ETaipEiac;

H aTcdvTTioTi ppioKETai OTK; OIKOYEVEIEQ TCOV iTpaTOKacov, ETCicpavcov OTE^EXCOV TOU KP<XTOU<; TTiq As^idc.

14

A/A

ETAIPEIEE HOY EIXAN YIIAXSEI ETIE AIATA3EIE TOY N.1386/83

Kind TO6idaTi||ia (pOivojiwpo 1983-dvoi^T] 1985
EIMINYMIA
KAAAOE
AIIAEXOA.

YIIOXP.
(EKttT. 8pX

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OISA.E.
EAAHN. BIOMHX. ZY0OY
OYZO TYPNABOY-KATIAPOY
EAAHN. ZY00n.-OINOII. A.E
BEKO A.E.
EYNOAO
MIXAHAIAHI-TEETIAIA A.E
AOYPIAAIA.E
BEAKAA.E
BIOMHX. ENAYM. BOAOY
IIEPOIA A.E
nEIPAIKH-nATPAl'KH
MEKKA-KAPAMAXAIPAI A.E
APIITON
BIONYAABEE
IIOYPNAPAIA.E
A0HNAA.E
HAIOI-KQNIT/AHI A.E
EYNOAO
ETOYAA A.E
0EIIAAIKHA.E
A0HNAIKH XAPTOnOIIA A.E
MEAA.E
EFAA.E
EYNOAO
EABIIIAK A.E
riAAITIKA KABAAAI A.E
EYNOA0
IYFKP. IKAAIITHPH A.E. EDIX.
MAKEAONIKOI AEYKOAI00I
BQSITEIEAEYIINAI
EYNOAO
BIOBAABA.E
IINAOI A.E
OANEITPOnOYAOI
MAKMETAAA.E
IIPOOIAE AAOYMINIOY A.E
EYNOAO

BIOMHX. nOTON-TPO4>.

256
150
5
150
200
761
1.100
634
800
600
470
7.000
240
90
210
200
300
400
12.044
74
160
2.700
400
600
3.860
70
140
210

4.846
117

5.110
4.984
35
1.392
3.007
4.528
3.000
1.200
4.153
531
2.490
32.400
857
984
1.285
519
1.871
1.200
50.490
209
11.275
13.040
2.596
4.062
30.973
2.200
709
2.909
7.700
950
4.730
13.380
480

10
160
180
567

1.422
1.341
2.018
5.261

80

110

AOII1EI

33
4.000
545
4.658
600
115

13.192
10.638
1.700
26.360
3.262
656

KAQITOYOANTOYPFIEI

BIOMHX. YIIOAHM.
BIOMHX. XAPTOY

BIOMHX. DAAITIKON

METAAAEYTIKEI

METAAAOYPFIKEI

33.

TEMEAA.E

TEXN. KATAIKEYAIT.

34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

IKAOANEYIA.E
OYPKAAA.E
KOYnnAIA.E
EYNOAO
MINION AEBE
NTAi'MIAEBE

39.

EAINTAA.E.

1.800

7.966

40.
41.
42.

KEPAOINA-ITAIINOnOYAO!
SUNLIGHT
EIIAZ-iaTHPOnOYAOI
EYNOAO
FENIKO EYNOAO

170
180
400
3.265
30.285

456
322
3.857
16.519
158.649

;.

Ta oToixeia eivai TOU OAE. Ta XPETI iiiav Kara TIIV unaycoyii TCOV ETaipsicov OTOV OAE. ArmooieoTTiKav OTOBHMA
20.10.1985.

16

yvcooroi. EninKiov vnoKeinsviKSS naprvpiec; Seixvovv on oiconrip<; ovunpd&it; vndpxovv nera^v TCOV neydhcov rpans^cov Kai
TCOV naXicbv fiiowxaviKcov novoncoMcov, ovn<pcova us TK; onois<;
8sv xoprjysiTai nioTcoor] as mQavovq avTaycovioT<;. Oi ovunpd%si<; avTsq exouv avTiKTvnou<; xdvco OTO puOno TT](; pionrjxaviKfjs
avdnTvE>ri<;... arjueicove o AnspiKavo<; oiKOvonohoycx; Howard
S. Ellis OTTI nzteTTi TOV BIOMHXANIKO KE&AAA1O ZTHN
EAAHNIKH ANAPITYEH, Ksvrpo OIKOVO^IIKCOV Epsuvcov, a. 8, A6fiva 1964.

OTI Tipiv ywouv auT<; 01 avctKoivcooei<;

KpoTiyr|0i 01 6uo napaiTiioi<; TOU 7tpoe8pou TOO OAE
F. AvconEpiTTj, r\ a7io8oxii TT|<; 6UTpri<; Kai r\ EupEiag KXiuaKa<; aXXay<; nou npaynaTOTioiriaE o F. Htio6$ OTOV OAE
Kai TI<; 7UXipiloi<; Ttou auTO<; iiXsyxE. ETUOIK oTiq 2 AnpiXiou EIXE U7ioypa(pi auncpcovia uTau TOUOAE KCU TTIQ City
Bank yia va EKTIHTJOEI T| anspiKaviKfj TpdnE^a TTJV aia 22
va neooXapfjoei yia TO ^ErcouXrma TOU<;.
yia TK; A0HNA, IOOTEH, APIITON, BEAKA,
AOYPIAAI, EAINTA, EIIAI, 0EIIAAIKH, KEPAOINA, MAK-METAA, MEA, MINION, MIXAHAIAHI,
RAAITIKA KABAAAI, ROYPNAPAI, TEMEA, OYPKAA, nEIPAIKH-nATPAi'KH, AFET, BQHITEI EAEYIINAI, MAKEAONIKOI AEYKOAI0OI, O.B.E. NAYFIH21
riKHI, TIOU anaaxoXouoav 28.500 pyatouvou<; .
AKOUII TO Mdio 8ivTai OTTI StjuoaiOTTiTa and TO y.y. TTIQ
OTOE, EiuoToXfj TCOV EKTcpoocoTceov Tt|<; City Bank MTKWTI;

2. ...OSioiKijTiKoq KaOopuTfio$ TOJVemroKiwv icai

rovq 0XaP*lM tnintda anor^dair\v ovma /iia lfif

and TOV KaraOerfj rov Aiyidmov xai TOV ISicoTiKov ropea

KM zmrtivzi ri/v avuni Karavofifj TOV iao6rinaTO$... Sianiorcove
7j siorjyrioT] TTJC; EmTponijc; MsAernc TOV Tpane^iKov LvoTrj^,aTO$, yvcooTfiq oav 'EK0eori Xapiooonovhov, nov ovoTrjOriKs TO
1978 and TOV TOTB vnovpyo LVVTOVIOHOV K.
3. And TT]V avdhvori yia rrj Soiirj TOV Tpane^iKov
TOV LT. Povooea, KaOrjyTjTfj TCOV OIKOVOHIKCOV OTO Vassar
College, HI1A, OTO OIKONOMIA Kai KOINGNIA, Avy.
1980.
4. OIKOV. TaxvSponot;, 10 lovviov 1982.
5. FIco<; STjuiovpyijQijKav 01 FIpopA,rinaTiK<; OIKOV. Taxv-

Kttl I!. AODKOt OTOV T. IlETOO, HE TlUpOUT|Via 15.5, 071OU TOV

EUxapiOTouv yia TTJV EvSiacpEpouaa ou^TT(t5T| TCOU sixav

7.5 Kai OKOU 5t)Xcovouv OTI: EinaoT npoGunoi va
KaTd TTJV ETiiOuuia oac; onoiaSfjnoTE uniipEoia yia 01KOVOUIKTJ ava8idp6peoot| K(paXaiouxiKfj
E-

, 11.8.1983.

6. Zvnqxova tie TTJV eioriyrjTiKT] eKOeorj TOV npovnokoyianov

yia TO 19809 TO Armooio XPO<; vnpTpm^aoidoTrjKE OTTJV nepioSo 1974-1979. OIKOV. Taxv8pono<;, 6 MapTiov 1980.
7. OIKOV. Taxv8poiio<;, 5 MapTiov 1981.
8. ZTO 1810.
9. OIKOV. Taxv8pono<;, 12 MapTiov 1981.
10. MsTpa yia oTfipi^r] enixeipijoecov nov sxovv K^OVIOTEI
and rrj oaQpfi KecpafaaKTJ (tdori. H v<peoi] o^vvs anhcix; TO npop&rina TT\<; smpi(ooT]<; TOV<; TOV N. NiKohdov OTO 1810.
11. OIKOV. Taxv8pono<;, 19 MapTiov 1981.
12. H Ka&nnspivfi OTK; 15.3.1981 ypdcpei OTI 01 flionrixavie<;
nov avTinsTcom(,ovv npophrma empicoorj<; Kai yia nj Sidocoor]
TCOV onoicovSKxoveiTai o%s8io Sidocoorjt;, eivai TovhdxioTov 100.
Exioris T] Enp(;9 OTK; 18.3.1981, sniKaXovusvr} TOV npoeSpo TOV
LEB oTjusicovei: edv kdfioviis vn'oyi pa<; OTI XsiTovpyovv otfuepa
3.000 piopTixavtes einai Pefiaiot; (ev. o npoeSpoq TOV LEB) OTI
SKsive<; nov avTi^sTconi^ovv Oe^a ovvexioeax; TTJC;
Tdt; TOV<; oxi]naTiovv oncooSfjnoTS
TSTpayfupio
13. OIKOV. TaxvSponot;, 26.3.1981.
14. ZTOIXZIQ TOV OOLA OTOV OIKOV. TaxvSpo^o 18.6.1981.
15. H 6K0eoTi avTij Oa 8iappevoei OTOV Tvno eva nijva npiv
n<; SK&oye<; TOV OKTCO&PIOV, ovyKBKpiiisva TTJV snoiievr\ TCOV syKaivicov rrj<; AE0 Kai TOV KaOispconsvo Adyo TOV npcoOvnovpyov
F. PaAAr/ OTTJ eo/Kr], Kai 8ti%vi TTJ ovyKpovorj OTOV<; Kdknov<;
TT)<; aoTiKij<; TdE,T]<;. Eivai %apaKTi]pioTiK6 OTI rj 8iapporj eyivs
lieoco nia<; fipaxvpias <pr]nspida<; TOV A. Bov8ovpr]9 nzTenziTa
8K86TT] TT]<; naToafiovpa<;, TTIS EFNATIAZ.
16. OIKOV. TaxvSponot;, 3.9.1981.
17. OIKOV. TaxvSponos, 19.11.1981.
18. Eivai xapaKTTipioTiKO TO penopTd^ TOV F. Mapivov OTOV
OIKOV. TaxvSpoiio, 11.3.1982, Tpei(; /idAi^ wvsc; iiSTd TK; ava<p8pOeios<; Snlcdoeit; TOV vnovpyov LVVTOVIOHOV, OTO onoio en(pavi&Tai T] Kvpspvrfori va npooavaToM&Tai OTO va jirjv ovoTaOei i6iaiTspo<; <popea<; yia TK; npofikrmaTiKet; Kai OTTIV avdOeorj
TT]<; eKKaOdpioTjf; nia<; SKdoTrj^ OTOV moTCOTiKo (popsa nj.
19. And TrjvsiorjyrioT] TT]<; O\ioonovdiac, Bio^rix^viKcdvEpyaKcbv LconaTsicov ara UepKpepeiaKd Lenivdpia, AaiEmiiop(pcooT]<;, ara 5 xpovia Apaai\q Ttj<; OBEL. AOfiva
1984.
20. XapaKTTjpioTiKO avTijt; TTJ<; noA,iTiKi]<; TCOV Kvpspvijoecov
TOV fJALOK eivai Kai TO ysyovo<; OTI svcb yia TO 1986 sixav npoypamj,aTio?eianoTovOAEsn8v8voei<;v{i/ov<; l,96io. Spx., TeXiKd eyivav yovov v\f/ov(; 800 SKOT. To 1987 svcb o OTOXO(; rjTav
2,7810. Spx- TshiKd SiaTsOriKavnovo 900-1.000SKaT. Bhsns: 0a
K^ziaovv KOI 01 pubmfizt; npopkrjuaTiKZt;; TA NEA9 22.2.1988.

7UXIP11O(OV.
HE TT|V 7CplKT(DOr| TT|(;

7uxipTiaT|<; Ttou ^ETtouXfjOriKE. npoKEuai yia

FIPOOIAE AAOYMINOY OTTJV KOHOTTIVTI. Eunqxova
E(pT]Hpi8a Trig TtoXrjc; EAEY0EPO BHMA 860T1KE
EJ TCOV 352 KaT. oTav o HT|xavoXoyiKO<;
TTJQ, TO OIKO7CE8O Kttl 01 YKaTaOTCtal<; ^ETlE

oav OE aia TO 1 810. 8px. To KupiOTEpo o^ox; sivai T|

avaKoivcooTi TOU ayopaoTii. AvaKoivco0T|K novo OTI
OTJKE OTTJV EXpETiKfj MAPI EXXdg, OTav, a<; ormia)0i,
HAPI Eivai Ta apxiKd TTJ<; ETaipEiag: Hellenic Aluminum
Profile Industrial!!!
H ETaipEia EIXE i8pu0i TO 1974 HE HETOXIKO KEcpdXaio 12
EKaT. 8pX- Kttl HETOXOUQ TOUQ F. FapdEVlCOTTI (51%) Kttl TT|V

EXpETiKT) TpavoEK. To 1977 yivETai au^Tjori TOUKscpaXaiou

KttTtt 161 EKttT. 8pX, EVCO TO 1980 TCOU TEXElCOVEl TO W\Ol\LO

TTIQ novd8a<;(!!!) yivETai va au^ori TOU ^ETOXIKOU K(paXaiou aTa 296 EKaT. (48 EKaT.
nTpr|Td Kai 86 EKUT. ano
>
avaTipoaapnoyil TOUTiayiou). Ta xpeil TTIQ eiaipeiag TO 1983
2 810. 65 KaT., ano Ta onoia Ta 1,4 810. OTTIV EGviKii.
7tepio8o 1984-1987 7if|pe ano TOVOAE dXXo 1 810.!!!
TioXoyiCeTai ne pdori TT| iieXeTT] picooinoTTiTag OTI TO KOKaTaOKEUTlQ TOU EpYOOTttOlOU fJTttV 200 KttT. 8VCO TOU-

TOv TO 50% f|Tav 8copedv KpaTiKf) xopTJY^oii ne pdori

22
vonou; 289/76, 849/78 Kai 2687 . TeXiKd o odXo<; KOU
eyive, iSiauepa OTTIV KOHOTTIVTJ, ^aTaicoae TO ^ejcouXiina
TTig I1POOIAE. H GTinepivfj KupepvTioii eXni^ei va TT^V TIOUXfjaei aKOnii (pOrjvoTepa. Fupco oTa 200 eicaT. 7ii8i(OK8i va
o OAE yia TTJV FIPOOIAE
Ta au|i7ipdonaTa 8iKd aac;.
1. ...<t>aiverai va vndpxouv Sintevpet; fj,ovoncoA,iaK8<; o%soeiq nsraZv ipmiatiK&v Kai npay^ariKcov ayopcov,
vra<; ri]v u^fjArj ravroxpovr] ouyKEvrpcoori rrjq
Kai TTI<; fiionrixaviKiic; napaycorns- Teroiov eiSovq

21. H nPQTH, 10.6.1987.

22. E0NOZ, 24.9.1987.

novoxcoMcov Kai oXiyo7t(oXio)v

va TSKHTipicoOouvnovoenneoa. npcoro, 01 8vo
pe<; siinopiKSc, Tpans&q OVIIHETEXOUV oro USTOXIKO KS(pdXaio
v smx^ipijoscov. Aevrspo, rj dneorj f\
i TCOV rpane^cov ora SievOvvriKd ovuPouha
ohiyoTtcoMcov Kai TJ npori^irjoiaKr] neraxeipiori nepiKc
xsipijoscov and rrj nspid TCOV rpans^cov ...eivai napdyovret; nohv

17

ZQMATEIO METAAAQPYXQN MANTOYAIOY

1976, 1990: AYO AHEPriES ZE AIA<DOPETIKE2 EIIOXEZ
l

-I6ioi oixovojiixot 6poi

TO vT6mo xai
xecpdXaio xai TJ EOK
ajialTt|OT|
xai oixovo(jiix|
0 TCOV oa)v6ixdTcov
- ajiovota JipoxXt|TixV| TCOV xo|i|idTcov TTJC; avTwioXt

To 1976 TITOV pia oifi|iavTixii XQOVixYi OTIYM*) Y <*

Dv6ixaXiOTix6 Ktvniia me; JCCQIOX^ toD MCVTODiaT
cvl
e
6iOD,
l -<* Gffl Y *6t P/n ODv6ixaXiOTixti
xai OQYflvcoot) TCOV epY<*?o|ivcov M-eTd Ttjv
ava6eixv6eTai xai OTO x^co *n avaYxai6Tt|Ta Trig eXeD9eQtig dxcppaotig xai nig oxe66v
lieTcomxifig ODYXQODOtig TCOV eQY<*o|ivcov (Jte Tt|v epYo6oota.
Exelvti *n cjcoxti oxtip-aToicoielTai xai optt^eTai IOTOpixd aic6 TTIV icaQODOta TCOV epYOTa^iaxcov oco|AaTelcov
xai YtveTai a\ycov6'nTO 6Ti 8a
JioXiva Jto6ct^ei
xai OTTJV xoivij Yvcb(jnr| 6Ti etxs dfieoo
jiQaxTix6 ajioT6Xeo(jta, acpo-O [juiOQet TO xd9e epYOTa^iax6 oco|iaTeto va |ia^ixojioiet TOV^ epY?o|ievov^, va
6iex6ixe( anoTcXcojiaTixd, ndYia xai aXuca aitV|(iaTa
110*0

|jiTixaviO|icv
oa)v6ixaXiOTixV|c;
<
(aXXd YI aarrtc; TIC; e u9i3vec; 9a e3iav6X9oaj(ie
paxdTco)
Ta aiTt||jiaTa TCOV epYat;o!ivcov t|rav xaTd xdjioio TQ6
, 6ev 6iex6ixo\>oav 6ie\)\)voii TCOV

XTiioecov TOVC;, aXXd TO: "6xi OTIC; 1500

UQtnti va Xdpoa)(ie am6\piv (jtac; 6Ti o
<
Tix6c; 3iXT|9 uo(Ji6c; TTIC; JiepioxVic; etvai 3.000
(icvoi. Apa 3ip6xeiTai yia JtpOYXp6|i aJioXvoecov, 6vac;
TTJC; Tomxtic; xoivcovlac; (jt^oa aji6
oixovo|iixij xai xoivcovixVj e5a9Xtcooii 6Xcov TCOV
excpcdoecov TTIC; t;cot|c;.
To eQY<**6 ocojJtaTeto apxeTd ^Yxaipa Jtcoo6i6pioe
xai avdXvoe TO JiQ6pXt|(Jia. noXv Jtp.iv TI K\)p6pvif|OT|
e5ei6ixe\>oei TIC; OQIOTIXC; aicocpdoeic; Trig, 01 epY?ofievoi etxav im6ipiv TOVC; TI ejcp6xeiTO va ovupet.
'OXec; 01 oi>v6ixaXiOTixc; jcapaTd^eic; o\)(jtcpcovr|oav v*
avTiOTa9oi>v o9evapd xai (ie tipcoix6 TQ6jco YIO va |i*nv
Jtepdoovv 01 anoXOoeic;.

TCOV p,io9cov xai -n[iepo|juo9(cov

TCOV d9Xicov o\rv9tixcov
xai *n
Me pdori Xowt6v Ta Jiapaiidvco aiTi||JiaTa
TOO) 76 yia TOVC; (jieTaXXcop'oxo'uc;
MavTOi>6ioi3.
aoxoXoiivTai [it Ta
Etvai YVcooTdc; oe xetvovc;
t|
itoXiTixoo\)v6ixaXiOTixd
xai TO T^Q(ia TTJC; aJiecYtac,- Oi
xav, acpo\) ddcooav xv^ioXexTixd jxdxec; (ie Ta MAT xai
Te9et oe 6xTaxT*n avdYXKi jie
xai 6XeYXO TCOV xa9iruiepivcbv
TCOV xaTotxcov 6Xt|C, TTIC; e'OQ'OTep'n^ JiecioxVjc; TOD
Mavro'uoiO'O.
va ejiioiri|iav9et 161too) 1976,
JiaQOVota TCOV jioXiTixcov xo^idTcov THC, T6Te
TTIC; ijTav e|icpavV|c;
avTuioXtTet)OTic; xai
xai xa9oo.iOTixtj.
^ IOTOQIXI'I avacpo^d 6|co aji6 JiQ6ocojia,
ov6|iaTa, "njiepo^tivtec; xai Xe3iTO(i6peiec;, Jiov 6ev 6Xoiw TtitoTa o\)0ico6ec; va Jtooo96oo\)v, dxei OX^OTI xai
oi>v66eTai d|jieoa, ax6|ia xai o\)v6ixaXiOTixd,
TO-U 1990.
Oi 6$oi xdTco an6 TOVC; ojcotovc,
xai 6ncoc, avrot optt;ovTai aji6 TOVC;
XOTJC; jiapdYOVTec;, ave^dpTTfiTa THC; 96Xnoir|C, TCOV
V|Tav:
6ie9vt'ig xai vT6ma
- ornv

H AAKE ODjjicpcovTioe, aXXd OTUJV Jipd^t) 6ev pot|9ir|oe,

xai TTJV
, Tt|
6ev

TTIC; TOJiixi'ic; xovcovtac;.

ExT6g aic6 xdicoiec; ojcoQa6ix6c; aJieQYtcg U OTdoeic;
eQYaolac; jcov fyivav jieoa OTO xaXoxalpi, T| (ieYdXt|
ajceQYta ^extvtioe OTIC; 31 AVYOVOTOV |ie TO xXetoi|jto
TOD 6Q6|ioi> OTO x^Q^o nc>ox6jii, TOO) 6o>6|a,oa>
o*ov66ei T7| XaXvt6a (ie TTJV A1671HJ6. Tia TTIV
TOD ajcoxXeio|jioi3
xevTQix6
ODVTOViOTix6
(ie TTI O'uiijieTOX'n TCOV CXJIQOa
ocojccov TCOV eQY ?oji6vcov xai TT^C; TOJCIXI'IC; Ai)ro6iotITIC; 5/9/90 [icTd aic6 oi>ve6c>taoTi TOD A2 TOV
Taiaxoii) oo)|iaTcto\) anocpaotOTTixe va Xr^ei o anoxXeiO(i6c; TO\) 6p6(jLO\) xai va {leTacptpo-opx TOV aYcova
(jucpooTd ajc6 Tig Ji'OXeg TOD ep/yooTaolou TO (i^oa
TOD ejCT6{xppT) |ioa aji6 n TCOV eQY?o(idvcov CJCIXDQco9T)xe jax ODVTQUiTixYj JiXeioipticpla va ODvexiOTel o

18

aYcovag jie m M-QQ

avtt|.

KOINQNIKOnOIHZH - ENTASH IE

H anemia otajidtrioe otig 2/12/90 acpoti 01

TI EIAOYZ nPOFPAMMATIZMO -2XEAIA2MO - EHENAYZEIZ.

voi i|n'icpioav va emotcfci|ow ottjv ep/yaota tovg.

HPOXQPHZE AYTO, NAI H OXI;

IIQZ H EIIIXEIPHZH EFINE

nPOBAHMATIKH
JtQopXY|[iatiOi paoixfcg aitleg elvai 01 I6ieg

To AexdupQTi tov 1983 avaxoiv(69r|XE ejitori|ia TI xoivcovixoJiotiriOTi tov 2vYXQOtii(iatog xai 6ioQlotT|xe A2
lie tt| ov(j|ietoxi| exnpoocbjccov tcov ecY?o(i6v(ov xai
tt|S ToJiixt'ig Avto6iotxT|OTig.
To A a Jioi3ie oe6taoe 6va
YQa(i|xa Y^tt tT) ota6iaxV| aicoxatdotaoT)
motlag tov ZvYXQOtifinatog oto e^cotepix6 xai YI
6icvQWOT) tcov iccoXVioccov, cog va pa9|i6 avt6
xatoQOcot6. Oi CQYa^6|xcvoi, p^paia, 6xavav Ovotcg
acpov av^paXav tt| 6iex6txT)OT) ndYicov dXvtcov
JipopXtiiJidtcov tovg, 6jicog (icico|ivo eio66T||ia,
6r|X. ejiixtv6weg, ovv6V|xeg eQY<*0tag. *i <xvt6
oto pco|i6 trig aiiptcootig tov SvYXQOtVijjiatog.
AvaXvtix6g oxe6iaop,6g Vj 6otco otoixeico6tig
XoYioji6g, 6oov acpOQd tig 6vvat6tt)teg
triv av|r|OT| tov Jtooootov otov to(i6a trig 6ljrvcTig xai
tcov jruQ6tovpXcov, tig anaitovjieveg enev6voeig xai
tov ajcaQattrito exovYXQOvio|Ji6 tcov evxataotdoecov
6ev
|iixpoejtev6voeig oe
, 01 oicolcg 6ev Vjtav a6 ji6veg tovg
va emXvoow to Jio6pXT|p,a, aXXd avttOeta 6T|jj,iovQYTioav JipopXiijiata vexccov ot^ietcov ornv
6ia6ixaola.
tT|v ev0vvt|
H
adiacpopla, tT|V xatacpavdotatri 6XXcii|nr) JtoXitiXTJg
povXriOTig. Eiclotig to A2 tov 2vYXpotV|(iatog
xttiQl^ovtav aji6 atoXfUa xai ov^pipaofjiovg.
To 6pa(ia ttig xoivcovixojtottioiig 6ev
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BAZIKA ZYMHEPAZMATA
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xai 1990 i'|Tav t) (it) noXmxii xaXv^rn Ti)c; anepYtot TOV
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AEKEMBPH2 '90

21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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i Pa6io<(>wviK6g ZTa8^i6g anoTeXei n6Xo
TWV
epYa^optvwv OTqv nn KOI OTO KOVTivd
epYOOT6oia, npdYMQ nou oujap6XXei 8eTiKd OTFJV
dXnipn?- O Pa5iO(pwviK6<; ZTa8|u6g
ouvTeXei ouoiaoTiKd OTHV nponaTOU aywva aXXa KOI OTO ouvTOViop6 6ia<p6-

evloxuon

pwv
2 OKTwpplou 01 epYa6u.evoi icXervouv
6

TO u

066 KOI Tig oiSr|poSpou.iK6g Ypa|JM 9 ^

~
ipog TOU epYOOTdoiou OTO onoio OTtXveTai neYdXrj
SOvajan MAT. AuT6|aaTa, jieTd Tig eKX^oeig TOU Pa6iO(pwviKOd ZTa8|aoO Yia oupnapdoTaori, xiXiaSeg KOopou, epYOTeg, epYa?6|aevoi an6 TO KovTivd epYOoTdoia KOI an6 THV n6Xq Trig ntiTpag napaToOv Tig
6ouXei6g Toug, (poiTrjTtg, |aa8rjT6g KOTO(p86vouv OTO
KQl KQTOp8wVOUV VQ

oiYOUprj en6|jpaor| TWV MATaT^rjSwv KQI va Toug

W
TOU
Siw^ouv an6 TOX P
epYOOTdoiou. Evw 6u.wg
anoq>aoioTei va 6iapK6oei nepioo6Tepo o anowv
KXeioja6g Tpg e8viK^g o6oO KOI TWV oi5/KWV YpaMM
H 6ioiKr|or| TOU owjaaTeiou wg tvSei^n KaXr^g 86Xrjorig, TOI TO6iKaioX6vn^av, oTapaTd, xwP^ va a^ionoir^oei TFJV napouoia TOU*6ou.ou oav ja^oo nieorig.
Kai Tig en6u.eveg ja^peg 6jawg r| napouoia TOUK6ojjiou OTO epYOOTdoio eivai jaa^iKr) un6 TFJV

anoKTOdv 6X0 KOI nepioo6Tepo

noXrriKte oOYKpouor|<; jae Trjv Kupepvrjon KOI CKTT| 6uoap6oKeia TOU ouv6Xou TWV epyaTwv,
, nou ^6pouv KaXd nw^ 6Toi KI aXXiwg
nXi^pwvav KOI 8a nXrjpwvouv TO p6pn TH^ "OIKOVO", ave^dpTHTa an6 TOV eicdOTOTe
noXiTiKfj<; e^ouoia^. To TeXeuTaio
5ev or||jaivei avoYKaoTtKd aneYKXwpio|j6 an6 TO
K6|ajaaTa KQI TI$ eXntSe^ nou 01 epYa?6|aevo evano86Touv o ' auTd. H KXIU.QKWOTI 6pw<; ev6^ QYWVQ KQI
ot uvajaiKtq popq>6^ nou KQTQKTa ejanepi^xouv
npoOno86oei<; un^ppaori^ QUTWV TWV avTi<p6oewv
untppaoriq TWV KO|j|a6Twv. Etvai o 16109 o

Tux6v
ZTig 4 OKTwppiou npaYMOTonoieiTai ouyK6vTpwKOI nopela |ae an6(paor| TOU EKn evavTia OTig
anoXOoeig OTFJV nn, OTOU Aa66nouXou, OTOug MuXoug AY. TewpY'iou KOI OTOug tKTOKTOug TOU ArjM'

nou ^eoKendJei TU;

oiou. Oi epYa6u.evoi K6pouv Trjv naTpa OTO 60o

noXiTucavTr|6eq, 6Tav TOU^ avaYK6jei va

napouv 86oT|.
Z' auTfj Trj <pdon TOU aywva Tf|<; nn r| epYOTiKi^
p6or| ni6?ei TH 6ioiKr|or| TOUOWMOTGIOU Yia 6uva|aiK6Tepe$ anavTi^oeiq jae TH M^P^ TOU anoi<Xeiou.ou en'
a6pioTO TH? n6Xrj9, wonou v' avaKXn8oOv 01ano-

KOTO M^^og Trjg o6ou KoXoTpwvrj, 6|awg evw undpxei

an6(paor|
anoKXeio)j6 en' a6piOTOv, 01 SiopYavwT6g u.aeuouv TOV K6ou.o KOI OTau.aTdve TOV anoKXeio|j6 u.e Trj SiKaioXoYia 6Ti
fov OTOixeiwv KOI OYavaKTio|a6vwv noXiTWV. E<papu,6ouv 6r|X. Trjv naXid YvwoTrj
YIOTI pX6nouv Ka8apd nwg o K6ou.og rjTav
TiKd 6iaTe8ei|a6vog KOI npoeToiu.aou.6vog Yia TOV
anoKXeioja6 KOI 9opr)8rjKav nwg an6 6va

AvaSeiKvOcTat auT6^ Tig \itpc<; TO aYwviOTiK6

nepiex6|aevo TOU ouv8i^u.aTO<; "6Xot i^ Kovtvag", nou

26

, noioi cvai GKCIVOI ot u.nxaviou.ot, 01

ue8o6eOoei^ KOI 01 xeipiouol nou 66paoav |a6oa OTOV
aY(Ova TWV e p Y a o 6 v w v T nn a' 6Aa TO emneSa
KOI TOV65ciaoav pc TOV nio aveu6uvo Tp6no T6oo
Yia TOUC
KOI TO Kupepvnjucd eniTeAeia, 600 KOI Yia TH
TOU a co |j a TC to u nou TOV 6iaxctpioir|KC KOI
eu80vr| TWV TOKTIKC()V xeipio|uc>v nou
OTO ouYKCKpiptva
- noia I^TOV CKeiva TO OTOixela, 01
nou 6ev
an6
iStouc, TOU^ epYa?6|aevou^ KOI nou OTH.V
8a eni^OAaaaav, ni8av6v,
. oOu<pa)VTi pc TO ouu<ppovT6
a enixeipr^aouue uia npoatYYion OUTCOV TWV
OTO 6pia auToO TOU Keiu6vou KOI TWV
nou TO unaYopeuouv, Yvwpt?ovTa(;
nco<; uaq eivai aSuvaio va ia KaAOipouuc nXr^pcoq,
a nou
npdYM
@a Kdvci n, SiapKi^q av6Auon KOI
6icpeOvr|ar|, r| noAiTiK^ JOuwon, uoa oe
6ia6ucaotec. WOTC va a^ionoin8oOv TO
ouuncpdopaTa nou
TT
fia va KOTavo^oouue TFJV e^Xi^n 19 oGYKpouTWV CPYO^OM^VWV TH? nn ue Tf|v Kup^pv^oTi,
va A6pouue un6ipiv opiouva Kupia ar|ueia TT|^ noAiTiK^^ ouYKUptaq, nou e^nvoOv
KOI avTinoAiTeuorjs. KOT' 6px^v
npoun68ean. n noAiTiKt^ ouvatvean oe entne5o HYCOIWV TWVKOMMOTWV, 6oov a^opd TI^ avaY<aic<; ava5iap8pwTuc SiaSiKaoteq Yia TO Ka9ce
OTWC., x i A^n npaYMaTonoin,8et OTqv OucouuevuaV
6nou n N.A., TO nAIOK KOI o Iuvaonio|a6^ an6
KOIVOU ene^epYaoTr|Kav TO |aTpa Yia TI$ npopAnna-

or|uelo KQI ucT6 5cv 6a unopouoav va KpaTi^oouv TO

nyia "TT|c, avTioTaoric, uoa OTO nAatoia".
Ai<oAou8ouv 01 6 O T i K ei<Ao KQI UCTO an6
OUTC, apx'i?ei n. avTioTpo<pn uTpr|on. Yia TOVaywva
Tn,c, Pin. Twpa, 01 pepunaAioTiicc. e^dpoeis TOU
npoSpou TOUowuaTeiou nou ouvoSeGouv TO " 6Aoi
f\ icavvac,", avTiKa0ioTavTai u.e npOTdoeic.
TOU KOIVWVIKOU K6oTOU<; an6 TOU^ epYa6uevouc, Yia va uaTaiw8ouv 01 anoAuoeic.. Apx'ijei
acipd SianpaYUOTeuoewv, n AOYIKI^ icnTWor| TWV
*

, n AOYlKrj TOU e<plKTOU Kdl TWV

peoAioTiicwv AOoewv, ora nAaioia CKOUYXPOVIOTIKWV

MeAcTwv KQI oiq pa or) SianpOYMaTeuoewv nou
TonoSeTeir) Sioknon TOU OAE Kaiq Kuppvr|or| nou
KapaSoKoGv Yia TO n6ie KOI nco<; 8a ouppiKvwdet o
aywva^ KOI xouv OTI^OCI anepYoonaoTiK6
viou6 an6 epYa?6uevou^ uAri TT^^ AAKE, TTJ
va TOV oaunoT6pouv
uevn, "EniTpon^ OWTTIP'
KQI va TOV Siappwoouv.To A. I. TOUouuaTciou, utoa
TOU
an6
u n
KOI eAiYM ? ^u npOTdooouv TO
npoonTiKTte TOU epYOOT6aiou unopa8uiauT6 TWV anoAOoewv, oSYei TOV
T l
ouppbcvwan KOI THV unoxtipnon ^ c*)OTe n.
6teu8Tn.on TOUSn^MaTo^ TWV anoAOoec*)v va
oav avan6q>euKTn AOan, aAAd KOI oav vucr) TO
YCYOv6^ 6Ti KOTd^epe va enavanpooArnpToOv yOpw
OTOUC, 1 00 epYa?6uevou9.
19 Noeupptou 01 epyaTC^ unaivouv OTO
6ouAei6, 9opTiou6voi an6 TOV cr/c*)va
KOI CKTc8ciutvoi
nou
eoa)TcpiK6<;
an 6
KOI
oc
avaKato va napa8oouuc aui6TO
c
v c
ouvoniiK6 xpovu<6 ue TK; nM PMn 'i ^
va KaTaSct^ouuc ia aidSia TO onota npaoe.

Oi anoAOoei^, 01 nepiKon, n, "e^uYiavon,"TWV

npopAf|uaTucwv OTO pwu6 Tr|? iSiwTiKi^^ npwTopouAiaq, etvai npoouu^wvqu^va Kai 0119 ouYKpoOoeig,
nou e^aiTia^ auTi^q Tqq noAiTiK^^ YCVvr^8riKav KOI
YewioOvTai, n Ka8eoTWTiKi^ avTinoAiTeuori 6x^1 avaAapei TO p6Ao TOU e^ioopponioTi^ u.oa an6 TO
ouv5iKdAioTiK6 6pyava KOI Yevuc6Tepa TOUC KOIe
vwviKoOg <popetc, nou eAYX i- Ta nAaloia aywva
a
nou KaTtpa^e TO ouv5iKaAioTiK6 Kivr)M npiv
apxtoouv 01 Kivr|TonoiT^oei<; OTI^ npopAnnaTiKt^,
ouvT6ooovTai OTI^ CKOUYXPovioTiK^^ eniAoY^c, KOI
avTinapa8Touv aiTi^uaTa Yia ion, KOTOVOU^ TWV
papwv OTr|v OIKOVOUIK^ avdnTu^n. TH OTiYM'l
oAou.Twnn, ent8cor| TOU Ke<paAaiou Sev
vva nepi8wpio OTO KP&TOC. np6voia<; KOI KOIVWVIKWV napoxwv. Oi ouv6iKaAiOTiK9 nveote^ KaAAiep-

TOU

KOI
aytiva TCOV
orriv nn 8coe
cnuaota Yia TO epYaTiK6 Ktvr^ua ai TO enavaOTOTIK6 Koiv(oviK6 Klvr)ua eupOiepa Yia TO onolo
enctyei r\ noAiTiK^ a^ionotr|OT| TWV anavTi^oewv nou
8a TOU9 6a)oci.
, 6va^ OYC^vaq nou ouYKevTptivei Tiq KOnpoOno8toei9,
, cvcpY6 ouunapaoTaon an6
TWV KOTOIKWV TH? nepioxl9, nou u.nopet va
icxupa utoa nlcoT)^, KaiaAr^YCi air]
aupplKvcooq KOI Tny un ox cop nan 6iav S^xciai KQT6
uTa>no cnidcoq an6
3. H

27

u^pei an6 TO ycyov69 6Ti c

epya6u,evoi OTqv nn 6ev etxav nporv/ouuev
epneipta T^TOICOV Kivr|Tonoi^oecov, 6TOi OUTG T
T
ouyKCKpiutva M^^H H9 Siokr|OT|S TOU ocopaTeio
etxav SoKiuaoTel, OUTG KOI 01 16101 01 epYa?6uevc
etxav anoKTT^oei OUTT^ THV aycovioTiK^ SianaiSo
nou 8a TOU<J co8oOoe OTrjv auTcv^pYeia KC
npcoTopouAicov nou 8a uneppaiva
TO AZ KOI 8a 'pac^av TIC, pdoeic. auTOKa8opiouoO TO
aycova. KdTco an6 auTt^ TI^ ouv8^Ke<j KOI u.
TCOV ouvSiKaAi
OTCOV TOU AZ an6 TO K6uuaTa 6ev unopouue v

YOUV e m u e c x ; TI$ ueTappuu.ioTiKe<; auTan6Tec,

nou TauTiJouv TO oun<p6povTa TCOV epyaou6vu)v u.'
auTd TCOV KouudTcov OTO enlneSo TCOV eicAoyiKcdv aAAaycov, u.e anoT6Aeoua TH.V iSeoAoyiicn; KOI noAmicn;
anoSiopydvcoon, TWVepyaSouevcov. ZTO.V flfl OUVKCei
KpiueVa Tn,v nAeioi|jr|<pia OTO A I TOU ocouaTeiou 6x
TO nAZOK KOI o ZYN AZniZMOZ. To ocouaTeio Sn.Mioupyn,8r|Ke OTrjv apx1 TFJC 6iaKupepvn,on.$ TOU
nAZOK, evco TOepyooTdoio AeiToupyet ndvco an6 40
Xp6via GTr|v nepioxn.. Me^pi TO 1985 n. fin
api8uoGoe 3.240 epya6uevou$, 01 onoioi OTH, ouueud8n.Kav oe 2.600. Oi epya6uevoi Tn.c
nei8apxoOv OTIC. anocpdoeu; Trjc 6ioiKn,or)S TOU
ocouaTeiou KOI epmoTeuovTai TOUC xeipio|joOq Trjc
KOTO Toy 6vap!-r| KOI TH SidpKeia TOU aycova evdvTia
OTIS anoAuoeic..
ZTIC. KOTeueOvaeig aywva nou npoTeivei TO AI
TOU OCOUOTCIOU np6nei va avanjn9ouv TO or|ueia
cKciva nou auT6$ ouvavToOv KOI npoto8oOv TH.V
n.^ auvaivean?, TH? ouvaAAayrlc,, Tn.9 unoKOI TH.C, KoivcoviKi^q eipi^vn.9 nou enip6AAei
AWV
avTinoAiTeuori TCOV xaMH
T6vcov uoa an6 TO
nou Tf|v avTinpoaconeOouv OTO AI TOU
ocouoTeiou TH<; fin FldTpa^.
Pin e*T6 an6 TO T r a TCOV 604
anoAuoecov 6|anaive KOI TO C^Trjua TT\<;
TOU
epyooTdoiou yia Tqv onoia 5i6<popa
4
oevdpia 6i6ppeav (ncoA^ori ^aTd Tun^uaTa, ouvoAiKi )
ncoAqoii K.An.). ZTHV apx^ TOU aycova 01 auvSiKaAiTOU AZ
unep6paAav arnv uaxn"riK6TnTa TTJ^ eJ;66pac, KOITOU
uiKpo9covou, "6Aoi T^ Kavtvaq". Eu^pavt^ovTav avunoxcopr|Toi KQI av6v6oToi, 6nei8av, Kivn,TonoioOoav
TO oOvoAo TCOV epYa^outvcov. Aev 8a unopouoav va
Kdvouv KI aAAicoq, r\ pdor) Touq mcc^c KQI 01 15ioi uc
Tp6no 6ev i^8eAav va xdaouv TO

yia auTov6|an.^n TOU aycova. MnopoOue vi

yia
auTov6unon.9, nou
TOU ocou.aTeo
TO

. E^dAAou, 01 ouvSucaAiOTCc, TOI

AZ eixav 9povTloei ue TI^ yvcooT6<; ue866ou<; v
anouovcooouv TO noAiTiKd KouudTia u6oa OTOU<
epya$6uevou^ nou eu80^ e^apxiK KOTdyyeAva
ei l
TOU
P M^^
AS KOI SiaTuncovav Sia^opc
npoTdoeiq. XapaKTn,pioTiK6 eivai entoriq 61
OTIC. FZ uiAoOoav 01 16101, Kupicoq jaeAn TOU AZ ui
v QKOU
ondvieg e^aiptoeiq, ue anoTtAeoua va |an
yeTai n, 9cov^ Tf|<; pdon,<;, napd p6vo ue xcipOKpoTi^
ie
UOTO, yiouxapionaTa KOI eneu9HM' 91
Z auT6v TOV aycova unr^pxav TO noooTiio

, anouoiac^av 6uco^ TO noioTiKd

auTovouia^, auTOKa8opiouou, auTe
TCOV epyaTCov OTO oOvoA6 TOU<;, noi
npoo5i6ouv 6va npoco8r)M^vo xapa^T^pa OTI
SiaSiKaotec, ouyKpoToOv KOI
my TO^IKI^ ouveiSnon KOI oSnyoOv Tny
oe uipnA.6Tepa OTd5ia noAiTiKi^^ avTinapdSeon^. O
aiTie^ 8a nptnei vd ava?r|Tri8oOv 6xi u6vo OTC
iSiaiTepa xapOKTnpioTiKd TH^ epyaTiKi^c
EAAd5a aAAd KOI
K6MMQTO KOI Ypaq>eioKpaTiK69
nou xpovia Tcopa 6xuv Ka8n,Acooei TO epYOTIK6 Ktvn.MQ, OTHV eocoTepucn; AeiTOupyta TCOV
CTepoKa8opiouoO iepapxta<
n
KOI avTinpooconeuon,^ u 6i6nei Tn,v opydvcoor
Touq, OTO ouyKevTpcoTiK6 Tp6no Xt^i|jr|9 ano(pdoecov
o' 6Aec. auTtq TI^ "6ianai6aycoyK6^ 6ia5iKaotec," not
TOV epyac36uevo OTHV na8nTiKonoinon., TOV
Ov OTO ouvTr|pnjiou6, Tf|v a5ia(popia KOI TH.V
iSicoTeuon., TOU OTepoOv Kd8e 6uvaT6Tn,Ta npcoTopouKOI TOU KaAAiepyoOv TH.V unoTayr^, Tqv nei, THV auToeyKaTdAeiipn OTOUQ epyaTonaKOI ueoco OUTCOV OTI^ Kupiapxe^ Ka8eoTCOTiK<;
*

. EKT6^ OUTGO, KIVSGVCUOV Ol

Kai ia npov6uia ia 5iK6 icuq, a^ou 01 anoAuoeic, nou

paotc^ovTav oc KouuaTiica KpiTT)pia 8* dAAa^av THV
noAiTiKi^ oOv8eor| TOUcpyooTdoiou KOI av TO AZ TOU
ocouoTelou 6ev TO ndAeue 9a 'oTpcove TO 6p6uo
OTOUC, ouvSucaAioTtq TH9 AAKE. Eivai a^ioonueicoTO
ncoq o' 6va aycova TTOIOC. SidpKeia^ KOI 6vTaon,<; 6ev
EniTponr^ Aycova, nou va 6iau,op<pcdvei
, va eA6vxci Tiq ano<pdoeis TOU AZ,
npdypa nou or)uatvei ncog 01 iSioi 01 epya6ucvoi 5cv
npocodqoav 6pyava Kai SiaSiKaoieg nou 8a Touq
en^Tpcnav va napeupatvouv 5uva|aiKd KOI
Ka8opioTiKO OTIC. eocoTGpiKgc. noAiTiK^^ Siepyaole^
TOU aycova. AUTI^ n noAiTKi^ aSuvauia unopei va

28

emXoYc;.
"Eva aXXo oToixelo, OTHV eowTepua^
, 6nou TOV npwTo Kaip6 r| napouoia TWV
epYao|avwv I^TOV u.a?uaV eivai TO YCYOv6c; 611 600 T\
KOTaXr|i|jr| pYaive npoc; Trjv n6Xn MC Ka8nMCpivc;
KivnTonoii^oeic;, anouota^av CKelvec; 01 6paoTnpi6TTirec; (eKSnXwoeic;, ouSn^oeic;) nou 0a euvooOoav THV
SUU.WOTI KOI Tny avanTu^n npwTopouXiwv.
npoo<pep6Tav Ka8ri|aepiva
OTOUC; epYa56u.evouc; T^C; Pin, aXX6 KCU OTOUC;
emoKnTec; nou ou|jmapaoTKovTav. Piv6Tav KOTOu.epiou.6c; 6ouXeia<; Kai opYavworj TWV opaSwv nepi<ppoupnonc;. Ka8nu.epiv6 we; apYa TO pp65u o K6ou.oc;
napu.eve OTO epyooTaoio KCU OTI^VOVTOV "nrjYaSaKai
ia
Kta". Enforce; opYavw8r|Ke
M ouvauXta.
Me Tny KOTaXniJJTi etxav Tr^v euKaipta va
piOToOv 6v9pd)noi nou xpovia 5oOXcuav OTOV I5io
KQI v' avanTd^ouv ox^aeiq aXXnXeYYun?an6 QUTI^ K6noic an6ncipe<;
auTOKa9opia|JOU, noXiTiKi^^ nap6|jpaar|<; via ir|
ia<
5ia|j6p(pct)on M ? ciXXr)^ npooniiK^q TOUaycova an6
nou xfipaooe TO A I TOU acopaTctou.
. H KQTCiXnipn 5^ci Trj 6uvaT6TT|Ta arov
va tpn^CKptoci pia 6XXr) OX^OTJ pe TO
TOU
epYOOT6oio, auT6 TO
TO

eKneTdXXeucrn TOU
i)v apx6vTWV", pe
6Ti 01
evan68eTav eXntSec;
ni8avi^
NA OTIC; CKXOY^C;. Oi 6rj|ao66woav TO
OTqv OVTInoXiTCUOT), 01 anwXcicq TH9 NA.i^Tav piKpfcc; KI auTd
|ac TTI acipd TOUC; n6paoav OTO epYQOTdoio. Oi
|je TOUC; ToniKoc; tpopec;
OT6pn6ec; I^TOV TO en6pevo pi^pa. Etvai

av6Xovn
npoc; 6<peXoc; TWV "

a^io8aOpaoTec; 01 xeipQYWYiKSc; iKav6THTec; TWV jaeaeoT

ia

noi

aav

XcOv TOU AZ, |ae peY^Xn M

P XPn M n
K68e p6oo Yia va q>Taoouv OTIC; TeXiK^c; oup^wvlec;
u.e Tr| SioiKnorj TOU OAE. H oOv8eon TOU A I TOU
o<i>u.aTetou T^TOV avTinpoowneuTiKT^. ZuYK^VTpwve
6Xcc; TIC; Ttioeic; TWV KOpudTtov, "aupiaviOTtc;" KOI
"eKOUYXPviOTc;" TOU FIAIOK, "naXaioKO|j|jaTiKoi"
KOI Veo<piXeXe08epoi" TOU lYNAiniZMOY oe OYOcv TtXci ouvcpYaoia. AK6pn KOI o 5iaxcopiop6c;
flAZKE OTO T6Xoc; 6yive oe TTOIO onuelo KOI
Tp6no nou n np6Taoq Yia ouv^xiorj TOU aytiva
an6 TO u.Xoc; nou 5iax<opioTr)KC an6 TIC; KUptapxcc;
npOTaoeic; Yia enavaXeiToupYta ^6vo oav noXiTK6
aXXo8i (anopci va xapaKTnpiOTet Kai Tinoie aXXo.
fia (lac; ptpaia 6ev i^Tav 8pa npooconcov, TIJJICOV
, nouXnp6vwv i^ 6xi. 'Ooo 8a undpxouv 01

KCU TT\<; <pavTaota^ TOU, pia aXXrj

ouv66cX<p6 TOU, 6nou r\ Xt^n oOvTpo-

KOI TO avTloToixa np6oa>na nou 8a TOUC; enavSpcovouv, anoTuncOvovTac; o' OUTOUC; KOI OTOV Tp6no
natpvei
TtXo<; \jua
ox 6 an TOU
XeiToupY'iac; TOUC;, TTJV noiKiXta nou eniTpfcnouv TO
nil
Koivwvta. H
|ac
Ka8eoTO)TiK6 nXaloia ou^qxovtac; KOI Sia<po>vtac; oia
napt^cve JWVTQV^ 600 6ev ncpiopi?6Tav OTQ OTev6
"eKXeYM^va 6pYava". KOT' auT6 TOV Tp6no,
6pia TOU epYOOTaoiou. DTOV TO A I TOU ow^aTelou 6TO|aa, \itoa an6 TIC; e^ouolcc; KOI TIC;
TOU^ epYQTeq OTO epYOOTdoio, 6Tav ara|a6nou TOUC; napxci r\ opYavwoq TWV epYaJo^tvwv OTO
01 KiVTiTonou^oeis OTT^V n6Xrj KQI r| 6 OK q or)
oo>u.aTeto, Kai6p8woav va KOU|javT6pouv TH SUVQJJI. apxioe n anopa^iKonoir|ar|, q oupplKvwori KQI
KI*| ev6c; aYwva 2.000 epYaopvu>v npoc; 6<peXoc;
TCOV KOivttviKuv KOI noXniKCJV loopponicov nou enianop6va)or), Mia <p6oponoi6 SiaSiKaoia nou
TlK
5n"rel r\ KUptapxri Ka8eoTWTiKi^ noXiTiKi^ Yia va
Sidppwac oiYa-oiya TI^ ^axn ^9 6ia66oeig, Tqv
eTQ u
enipXrjdcl An6 TO avv5oTO "6X01 1\ Kavvac;", OTO
aXXnXeYYun M 5 cpYQ^optvwv - anoXujatvwv,
6X01 f\ Kovvac; pe avdXrjiprj TOU KOIVCOVIKOU K6OTOUC;
nou 6i6onaoe
ev6TqTa nou
an6 TOUC; epYa^nevouq, r\ TcXeuTata
Yia TH ouvel8r|O7i TWV
KCU
an6
pa8eia OUVTHPHTIKT^ unop6XXei TOUC;
avTiKa01oTaTai KCU
Yeyov6c; TWV
OTH XOYIKI^ Trjc; ouvuneu8uv6TnTac; KOI TOU "e8viKoO
SieOpuvan TOU QYtOva. AK6nn,
M
ouM<ppovToc; . UTOV noXO euKoXo, \ic TTOIO nepie6r)MOTlK(i)V GKXOYWV eKTOVO)9r|KC
X6pcva npOTdoecov Kai ipv eniKoupta x^ipiopw
6uoap6oKCia OTqv ncpiox^, nou 8a eixe ndpci ctXXcc;
anoSuv6pu>OT)<; KOI ouppucvcoonc; TOU aYWva, nou
SiaoTcioeic; av iqv a^ionoiodoav npoc; 6<pcXo<; TOU
SUOTUXWC; 6cv anoKaXO<pTr)Kav YKaipa an6 TOUC;
orny fin KQI ora ciXXa epYoordcna H i5i6Tf|Ta
epYa^6|aevouc;, |acid va ouppipaoTouv |ac TH Xuan
TO i|jr)9O(p6pou eniKp6Tr)oe Yia Kdnoiec; p^pec; o*
TWV 100 enava-npooX^ipewv OTIC; 604 anoXOoeic;.
, r\
TOU
TO>V
fia aXXn Mia <popa n epYOTiKi^ p6or| 5ev pn6peoe v'
<paiv6Tav va xei papuvouoa
ap8pwoei TTJ <pwv^ TWV
TOUC; epYa?6pevouq, jaiaq KOI

29

TWV, va en6ppei SuvapiKd, va auTonpooSiopiOTei

va Swoei eiceivo TO noXmicd nepiex6pevo
npoonTiKr} TOU aywva oTqv fin, nou 8a oSpYouoe
OTrjv 6uvoT) KQI TH Yevkeuotf, TOU.Eivai paoiK6
6ev
ouvTOViop6q avdpeoa OTOV aywva OTT|V flfl icai
6Tav
, 6nou

Kivn.Tonoir}oei9 KQI

pe Trjv Kuppvnon,

ano^dai^av.
'iei va ar||jeiw8ei nw^ OTHV nepinTworj
Pirelli 6nou TO a<pevTtKd eKpiafav TOU^ epYdTe^
e
M anoXOoei<;, 6ev
aujjnapdOTaar) an6 dXXa aw|aaTeia KOI
an6
X6yco TWV noXiTiKwv e^cXt^ewv nou 8a
TO
OiKOUpeviKi^ 6npene va

WOTC va ouYKpOTnSei eviaio pTwno

opYaanepYia.
nou 6xouv ndpei
epYoXapta a6ia<p6pnoav, YIOTI YI* auTou$ TO "KUpiapxo ?r^TriMa OTHV noXiTiKr^ auYKupia" ^aiveTai nwq
TO KaSopi^ouv TO npWToatXiSa TWV OOTIKWV (puXXd6wv, YI' auT6 KOI 6Tpexav va ij^cpiaouv "Iuvaania|a6
Xwpu; i|jeu6aio8r^oei<;" (!), un6 THV emppofj TWV
Kupiapxcov OGTiKOKOivopouXeuTiKwv eKXoYwv. iTrjv
nap6|apaar) jaaq OTf|v Pirelli pd$ 668r)Ke n 6uva-

Tr

rj KPITIKT npooYYion lS n n sTWV

epYaopvwv OTr|v fin fldTpas Sev avaipei Trjv
TepdOTia SianaiSaYWYiKr} a^ia TOU aywva Yia TOU^
an Tf|v onola npoKGnTei n pi?oonaoTU<onoinev6$ peYdXou KopjjaTioO epYOTCov TO onoio anoTOU
vkri KOI
CPYOTIKOO KOIVWVIKOO

en6|aeve<j
nou 0a
nap6|apaari OTrjv Pin

va ouvSe8ouu.e pe TO pi?oonaaTiKd Kou.|udTia

TWV epYOTwv, va auveiO(p6poujje pe TI^ Suvdpeiq pa<;
aTr|v anepYa KOI va anoKopaoupe
epneipta Yia Tr)v cn6pevr| napeppaor) pa<;.
OTqv fin Sev ep<j>avioTr'jKape ^a<pviKd 6va
npwi "6Tav eiSape Kanv6", npounr^pxe TO
ouYKGKpip6vo noXiTiK6 un6pa8po. Oi epYa?6pevoi
4
I pa<; Yvwpi?av oav FloXiTiKi ! OpdSa an6 TK;
, pnpoooOpe<;, e(pr]pepi5e$ nou eixape
poipdoei naXai6Tepa. H rifl ae 0x6 or) pe Tny Pirelli
napouoia?e opiaptve^ 6iaq>op6^ KOI
o api8p6^ TWV epYa?op6vwv OTr)v npwTr)
oxe66v SeKanXdaio^ an6 auT6v Tr)q Pirelli, npdypa
nou 5uoK6Xcuc TT^V avdnTu^rj dpeowv ax^oewv.
o aywvas OTr|v fin eixe THV paiicr} oupna(poptwv, owpaTctwv KOI K6apou, dpa 01
epYa?6pevoi Sev eixav dpear) avdY<n Tr| 5wf\ paq
noXiTiKr^ unooTript^ri. H SeSopeVrj noXiTiKi^ aOvSeor]
KOI 01 npoKaTaXr}i{jei TWV epYa^op6vwv Yia TI<;
e^wKoivopouXeuTiK6<j KOI avapxiK^g opdSeq anoTeXoOv epn66io, TO onoio 6pwq KOTapinTeTai ae KOTOev6g OYWVO, (pTdvei 01
nou TOV nXqoid^ouv va pqv enip^vouv va
aup9wvr^aouv pe TOU<J epYdTeq Yia TT| SiKTOTOpia TOU
npoXeTapidTou r^ Yia TI<J avapxiK6$ KoXXeKTipe<;.
Mia
T

4. H
SouXeid nou Kdvajae OTTJV fin 6ev
6Ti
euKaipiaKd, u.6vo
TOU
6vaq
jac
SiaoTdoeiq, nou
KUpidpxne
6idaTr||aa. FloXO npiv e<papu.ooTouv TQ

01
eoTie$

nou

nou 6a ycwr\Qotiv

npopXn.'

JJQTIK6<J KQl OTOU^ dAAouq KOlVWVtKOOq KQl

aiaKoO^ \&pov<;, ave^dpTrjTa an6 TO av ouuxpcovouaa(ae TeXetco^ pe TQ am^paTa nou 0a 6pa?av 01 QYC*)oav KevTpiKd. FiaTi OTH auYKeKpin6vr| nepioSo
KQI n unepdomoT) TWV KeKTHM^vwv tKave TH
ouYKpouorj ne TT^V KupepvqTiK^ noXiTiK^ avan60

, apoO n KaTaoTpaT^YH ^ TOU<; anoTeXoOoe

npoun68eori Yia TT^V enipoXi^ TWV v6wv
OIKOVOU.IKWV KQI KOIVWVIKWV oxeStwv Kupiapx'ia^ TOU
an6
ia

via

i M XP SouXeid
OTO epYQOTdaia
6nou ITOV 6uvaT6.
AouXeid nou ^eiavouoe an6 TO nolpaona, oxc56v
Kd9c [it pa, npOKi^pu^q \ia<; tfy an6 ia epYaoTdoia
KOI 69Tave u.6xpi Triv napouola jaaq KOI TH OT^pi^n oe

KOI K i v T o n o i o e i

nou

naXi6Tepa a' auTd TO epYOOTdoia, |ae nio np6o<paTn,

npiv T^V fin, THV anepY'ia TWV epYa^optvwv T^^
Pirelli. ITT^V anepYia Tqg Pirelli, avaXdpape p6Xo
T

dXXn SuoKoX'ia r^Tav o aa^uKTiKd^ 6XeYXS nou

aoKoOoe TO A I TOU owpaTeiou o' 6Xe^ TI^ 6paaTnpi6TOU aywva KOI r\ peYdXq enippor^ TOU npotSpou oTOuq epYa^dpevou^. ewpfjaape Xom6v OK6nipo apxiKd va pr|v auYicpoucToOpe avoixTd oe
enineSo "enavaoTOTiKoO (ppaoeoXoYiou" pe TOU$
600 auToi Sev unopd8piav TOV OYW-

npona
KOI

YdvSiorj TOU aywva pe a<pioae^,

evepY6
|aag oc eKnAwoeig, KivrjTO
KOI
9poup6q nou 01 epYa6

30

va, YiaTl uia TTOIOU etSou^ avTinaA6Tnja 6cv

e^unnpeTouoe oe TlnoTa TOU$ oT6xouq u.a$, avTl8eTa 6a ua$ anou6vwve atpou OTO eaa)iepiK6
uTwno TOU aywva 6ev unn,pxav OUT$S 01 5r|AwueVes avTi66oei9 OTO oOvoAo TWVepYaou6vwv
nou 6a TO aiTioAoYoOoav. AuT6 6ev or^uatvei nw$ Sev
aoKouoaue KpiTixn. OTiq npoTdoeiq TOU$, a A Ad
<ppovTiaue va a^ionoifjoouue Ka6e euKaipla nou
6iv6Tav ia va
an6ipeiq via TOV aywva OTOuq epYaou6vou$, ue
npOKHpu^ci^, ou5r|Trt,oei$ KOI K66e (a too nou Sia96Taue. AuT6 TOTovtouue iSiafrepa Yia 6oou$ ouvvouiouv nw$ 6Tav nouv "nouAriM^vn YpariYeota" KOI "K6TW TO Ke<p6Aaio KOI TO
" 6a enavaoTOTiKonoin,oouv auT6uaTa
Ka0ap6Tr|Ta 6Tav Sev SOKI
5ia5ucaoie utoa
oe
aTlKOTT Ta
npaYM
l . OTOV napajatvei
Yia va KoAaiceuei TOV"enavaoTaTiic6 vapKiooion6"
KOI va SucaioAoYet TI^ 8ea>pr|TiK69 ouAA^i|jei^ 6iaOTdoea)v 5(i>uaTetou,
avucavri va
KOTOVT6 KOVT6<p8aA|ar|.
veOoei TO ioTOpuc6 KOtvwviK6
q>eTlx KOI napavoia nou KOTaorpt^ei TT^V SiaAeKTucn.
ev6Tr|Ta 8ecopia^ KOI
TWV enavaoTOTuctiv unoKeiutvwv. Xwpiq
Aom6v va vouiouue 6Ti anoTeAoOue Trjv "enavaoTaTucn, npwTOnopeta" KOI ue YV(i>on 6Au>v TWV
Tny naptupaor^ uaq OTT^V fin n6vu>
c>v,
ora npoTdYuaTa TH? auToopYOvwonq,
Kai
TOU
OUVTOVIH

TOU aywva

nn

Yav5ion,q KOI avTtnAr|po<p6pnon9, oe uia neploSo nou

etxe opYavw8et

KOI AaonoAoyta an6 6Aouq TOU$

KOI TO MME evdvTia OTI^ anepyte^ KOI
, ue OT6xo TH.V noiviKonoinoq KOI
TOU^.

npaYMOTonoi^8r|Ke SnAaSn. oOvSeoq UCTO^OTWV

50o OYWVWV OTT|v nn KOI OTO MavTouSi, u6oa an6 TO
OUVTOVIOH6 KOI Tfl OUV6eOT| KOUUOTIWV TOU KIVTJUOTOS

nou naptupevav OTFIV KaTeOSuvon OT^pi^n^ TWV

aywvwv. An6 *6w avaSetKvueicu uia
uc8o5oAoYta naptupaon^ Yia TO Kivripa, nou ptvei
va peATiw8el KOI va a^ionoir|0ci ucAAovTU<6. Aui6q o
ouvTOViou6^ UCTO^O KOuuaTiwv TOU Kiv^uaToq an65woe Tn. ouvauAia OIKOVOUIKI^^ evloxuon^ OTqv A, 6Tav 01 aywve OTO 60o
Tav oiKovouiKd KQI noAiTiKd, 6nou ouuueTeixav 01
epYa6uevoi Tt\<; nn KOI TOU MavTouSiou KOI nou Yia
Tpv npoYuaTonoinoi^ TH^ ouveup68qKav KOI
ouvcpYaoTrjKav Sia^opeTiKt^ KOIVWVIK^^ KOI noAiTiK6$ 6uv6uei^, TOVI^OVTO^ TO oriueta nou Tiq evwvouv, uc paon, TI^ npoTepai6Tr|Te9 aywva nou
r\ noAiTiK^ ouYKUpta. fia eu6$ auT6 eivai
KaTe08uvor|

TOU enavaoTOTiKoO KOIVWVIKOU KIVT^UOTO^ KOI

5r|Awvei TTIV avoYKn ouYKp6Tr|or|9 KOI evtoxuon?TOU
avTiouvaivcTiKou avTiKaniTaAioTiKoO KIVT^UOTO^ KOI
oe entneSo napay6vTwv Yia TO XT^OIUO TOU
OTH.V
6Tav TeAetwoe o
OUOIOOTIK^ THV npWTopouAta TWV anoAuu6vwv va auTOOpYavw8ouv KOI va npow8r^aouv TO
5iKaiwuaT6 Touq 6^w an6 TO owuaTeio Tr|<? nn. H
npoon68eia auTn, Sev un6peoe va ouoneipwoeiTO
ouvoAo TWV anoAuu6vwv KOI antTuxe YIOTI o
np6e6po9 TOU owuaTeiou 9p6vTioe eY^aipa va
AaonoAov1oet evavTia OTOU<; eYa^ouevouq nou

ue r AAAO

oia KOI epYaoiaicous

6nou KOI 6Tav avo'iYOVTOI
ouYKpouon.$ ToniK6 KOI naveAAaSiKd
Me OT6xo TTI YevuceuoTi KOI KAln6Ka)OT^ TOU<;, np6Yua
nou 6a anoTeAoOoe TO u6vo 9paYM6 OTrjv Kupc1
pvnjucn. noAiTiKfj. n6vw o OUTI^ TH. ftaar\ i^p8aue oe
ena^^ u.e TO nio npoa)8rin6vo Kouu6Ti TCOV epYaou6vwv oTriv nn, ena<p69 nou SurrnpouvTai
or^uepa KOI eK<pp6oTn,Kav oe ouYKCKpi|a6ve noAiTi-

Kai an6 auT6 KOTa5eiKvOeTai n6oo

ov
eivai va 6pouoAovnQ SiaSixaoies auTovouta<j KOI
auTOOpY6vwor|9 TWV epYaoueVwv KOI nw^
SouAeid,
OTO 6ueoa anoTeA6Sev
onoia$ r|
, aAA6 anoSISei oe avOnonTO noAAtq

I TO enineSo TOU OUVTOVIOUOO TWV aywvwv

KOTop8w8nKe va eniOKe(pToOv epYOTe<;
OTO MavTouSi KOI va 6p8ouv oe ena<pn,,
nou 6yive 6uvaT6 KOI eneiS^ OTOuavToOSi
unn,pxe npWTopouAla
An6 TTI ouvepYaoia uaq ue Touq ouvTp690u^
aq>iooa nou KUKAo<p6pnoe
oe ndTpa, A9n,va, MavTouSi oav epYaAeio npona-

Xp6vo KOI oe

TOU KOIVWVIKOO

Tc

>

OTW^.

Etvai Aom6v o TU(pAon6vTiKa^ nou OKdpei ouve

Xw^, 01 KOivwviKtq auT6$ SiepYaoteq nou
pepaiw- vouv 6Ti Sev i^p8e TO

31

6n 6a pnopoGoe va vwci KI aAAuoc;, ncoc; ndvco oia

Aa0n avotyoviai vec; 6uvaT6TT|Te<;, ncoc; n avtloraon
OTOV KaniTaXio6 6ev elvai a6Tair Kai aaev un68eor|, nwc;ri KOIVCOVIKI^ TQ^IKT^ naXrj anoieXel
Tr
pio MOX^o lS loioplaq KCII ncoc; ia opdjadid

aneXeu86pa)O7i9 KQI
viaq napap^vouv cnkaipa KCU

KOIVCO-

AvapxiKf) Op66a lldTpa?

"nPOBAHMATIKEZ": MIA MIKPH

KajciTaXiOTcov, TOV YVcooT6Tepo cog OAE

mo e-op'nfjiaTixo'Og OTOV x6a|io. Etxe TKJV t[iva (JteTovojidaei Tig %QttoKOWt\\)itvt$ emxeipt'ixai an6 aTO|iix6 ?tiTT||ia TCOV
oeig
va TO LtiaQtoti at e6vix6
TO onoto avXapav va aitaoxoXo-uvTai TTIV TeXevTala
6exacT(a icdfjucoXoi oixovo|ioX6Yoi 01 onotoi xai avXapav va jjtag ocooo-uv aji6 Tig " jiQopXn(JtaTix6g" . Me rn
Xayveta TCOV X^^ecov jcov xaXipY*00" TI axoTeivoxovXTO-Opa (JieTd TO 1970 TO 66Xco(ia dmaae. O JtoXOg
x6a|iog dxave TO t/r|Tti|ia TCOV aTOjiixcov xaiciTaXiOTixcov\ xQScoxoJticov 61x6 TOV JtQdpXiiiJia. Bdpaia
6txio acpot) jrp6xcitai va JiXtipcaoei 6jccog
cvo
To avecx^M- ^OTC HA2OK av^Xape va XOoei TO
TO ajtQ6pXT|(jia. 'lacog V|Tav xi ai>T6 6vag 6pog
voiyfJia TCOV jruXcov jrpog Ttjv xDp^QvnaTi. Me
Xal'xt'i yXcoaaa ji^paae TO ax>v0ii(ia TTICJ ex6tco?Tig TCOV
xaxcov xajiiTaXiaTcov.'E6ico5e Tovg xaxoi3g an6 Tig
"jipopXifiiiaTixtg" xai Tig av60eae OTO xQdTog.AXXo
6ev 06Xav ptpaia 01 xcccoxojrn|ivoi. Na cp^YOW
xavetg va t;T|TV|oei
ujtoxpecboecov,
. Tov
6(icog (iixpoiiaYa^tiTOQa t) pioT6xvt| TOV xwriYave, jie
6Xeg Tig TpaYix^g oiivejieieg YI oX6xX"npt| rn tjcoY) TOD.
'ETC i o eXXf|vix6g xajiiTaXiO|i6g a^xTtiae va
(iova6ix6 OTOV x6o|io Ta^ieto AocpaXtaecog

O xd6e
axovoia
exotiaia,
ejiixeiQt)(iaT(ag \WOQC( v'
. \t\it (leYCtXog ejiixeiQT)|j,aT(ag 61611 01
xai fieoatoi e^axaXov6oi3v va elvai 0TT| 6ixaio6oa(a
TCOV v6|icov Yict xavovix^g V| 66Xieg xpecoxojtteg xai va
axplaTavTai Tig avv^jceieg. Tco^cx av 8Xowe ag TO
pcxXowe oav 6iex6txY)OY| TCOV xXa6ixcov
vcooecov va
xai avTot ae avciXoYO Tajieto.
'lacog xajioia xaivotipia xvp^QVYiOT) ixavojron'ioei TO
H exjcXrixTixVi i6io|ioccpta avTov TOV aixraijiaTog
arnv EXXd6a aic6 TO 1982 elvai 6Ti
01 *njjiig (leTaTQJiovTai aji6 aTO|iixg ae eOvix6g xai
Tig JiXripcovei o eXX7|vix6g Xa6g, acpoi3 TO
Trig cpopoXoYtag
. At)Xa6V| mo aiiXa, 6vag anX6g
Jitvei dva
xpaat, jrnYatvei OTOV
axovei pa6i6cpcovo,
TTIV xaTapoXt'i a\)rcov TCOV cp6pcov
Tovg
AXXcx 6ev apxet a\)T6. O eXXnvix6g Xa6g aicov<
6aae
emaTVijioveg xai 6iavoo 0(jtevo'ug xi
V|Tav JiepVicpavog va Tovg xafiapcovei OTa
x6ji|iaTa, Tig opY^vcoaeig, Ta IIavemaTt||jua. Na etvai

32

jtpoooevcixot xai va awtepacmttJovTai Ta cn>|Jup6povTd

TOU E! Xoin6v iieydXo [ipoc; aiHcov TCOV npoo6e*urixcov TfcGtixe OTTIV iwrnpeola eimT|peTi|aecoc; xai euyidvaecoc; TCOV xpecoxojrnfjivcov emxeipiifiaTicbv. AycovtovTai, an6 aepiooixd (i^XQi \moa>pYeta, oe 6jioio
jt6aTo pptaxovrai, va ppow xai va npoTelvow XOoeic;
Via to Jicoc; 8a e^UYialvovTai 01 xpecoxojilec; xd0e cpopd.
Bpaia TO xoiv6 OTpeto 6Xcov auccov TCOV JipoTdoecov
xai axcotcov elvai va cpopTcovovTai dp,eaa V) 6mieoa,
evyevixd Y| ptaia ndvco OTOV eXXr|vix6 Xa6.
Ac; do'Ofie Tcopa avaXuux6Tepa TO 6X0 t;V|TT||jMx.

xamTaXia(Jt6 xai TTJV tQy<ntiwi\ Ta^rj JIOD avTi|ieTcomc;e

TO cpdofjta Trig avepYl5 &' ctvco*0c; TOVC; xXd6oi)c;
Jiapt|x|jiac;av, aXXd xai OTTI 6iav6Tio*n. Tijv
6iav6t|ati nov e^iSavlxe-ue TO JtpoXeTapidTo TCOV
pap^cov pio|jnixvicov, exelvec; TIC; |id?ec; TCOV
pt)6cov, avOpaxop-Oxcov, neTaXXepY^wv Jio
vav OTIC; 6ia6iiXcoaeic; (ie Ta anocpacncmxd axXtipd
Jtp6ocojia xai Ta xovTpd (iJtpdTaa aav xovTpd xXapid
v\|>co|iva xaTd TOD acpevTixoa) xajiiTaXiOfio'O. H
i|Tav TpavjiaTixV). Ax6(ia xai oVjiiepa 01
veapol xai 01 veapc; cjiavaaTdTec;
OTa 6co[idTid TOVC; (aopcpdc; ev6c; JtpoXeTapidToi)
Jiepaafidvtic; tnox^ m^v Tcopa 6ev amdpxei ma xai
TODC; ajiOYOTiTetiei. Mia oX6xXt]p*n eitoxVi TeXetcoae.
|i6vo JtapaYcoYixd aXXd xai auvaioOiiiiaTixd.. Ti
v6Ti(ia 6a etxe l^ict xaivovpia cpcoTOYpacpta JtpoXeTapidTov xmuwfe piojnixctvtac; (ie JioX^c; dajrpcc; (juiXoi)tjec; xai xa9ap6c; cp6p(iec;, |uipoaTd OTIC; cpcoTOYpacptec;
TCOV naXicov
Jtot) TOVC; Xam6aoa>va xai
TOV x6m> v' aYCoviOTetc; YI' avcovc;. 2av va xdOtpt
TO JipoXeTapidTO.
Yjt68eaTt amtTtiXVi p^paia. TiaTt ovce TO JtpoXeTapidTo, otiTe TI piojiTixavta %bQT\Kt xai i6ialTepa iri
papeid pio|jnix<itvta. AjiXovaTaTa dXXatJav 01 fiopcpdc;
dXXatJe t| TexvoXoYta, dXXatJav Ta vXixd. AXXa
eJip6xeiTO va ejicpaviOTOvv apY6Tepa. A\)T6 6^icoc; 0a apxtcrci va ovvei6T|TO3toietTai
apY6TCpa, 'OoTcpa ajr6 (ju:pixd xp6via.
9a 0Ti|Ju;icooo'U|ie ax6jit| 6Ti av OTTIV Evpcojrn TO
tJYjTKi|jia TCOV JipopXT||jiaTixc6v JiapovaidOTtixe an6 TO
T6Xoc; TOV B ! mxY*6o|iio'u noX^iiov, 6ev Jidei va mi
6Ti t%ci xi6Xac; TeXeicooei. Tcopa TeXevTata TI
Ko(iioi6v, TI EvpcoicaXxTj EJCITPOJCTJ, t;V|TT|ae TO xXel1
ai|io JioXXcov xctX*upovpYicbv. Hap 6Xec; TIC; 6iaXi3oeic;f
TOVC; nepiopiajioDc;, TIC; JIOOOOTCOOCIC;, ujtdpxow
ax6(ia T6oec; JTOV JiapdYOW 30 exaT. T6WOVC; xdXvpa
TOV xp6vo. H Ko|iioi6v tjT|Tdei va |ietvotrv (Jt6vo 15
exaT. mxpaYcoYTjc; YI va euYiav9el o xddoc;. Oi
wr6Xoutec; ejiojidvcoc; etvai JipopXT||iaTixdc;. (HMEP.
22. 11. '87)
1
AXXcooTe ae \iyo Jtp6xeiTai v axoXo\)9V|oo\)v xi
1
dXXoi JipopXT](iaTixot xXddoi. IIpcoT ajc6 6Xoi)c; TCOV
ni)pT|vixcbv epYOOTaatcov. Metct TO TaepvopjilX TI
xaTaaxew^ TOVC;, TovXdxiOTov OTTI |ixpi Ta oV|(jiepa
jiopcpi'i, OTajidTrjoe.
1
AXXd xai yi otVTd myu XeiTo-upyovv (jucalvei TO
t;ViTT|[ia TTIC; 6idXvoV|c; TOVC; -OoTepa a6 25 xpovia
XeiTovpytac; TCOV jipcoTcov TOV etdovc;. AXXd e6co 6ev
ap6xeiTai yia aicXt'i didXvoTi i\ eyxaTdXei^Ti. KdOe
xXeiOT6 epyoaTdoio OTOixt^ei TepdOTia m>od

TI EINAI OI IIPOBAHMATIKEI

e[idc; 6Tav axo\)(ie

6Ti etvai eXXnvix6 cpaiv6|x6vo eXXT|vix6 aXXd xai IIaaoxix6. Evco
xaXa JiQcoTa, a* 6vav x6a|io nov

Oi Jiepioa6Tepoi
jievo.
6Xa
Aev

mo a3iaT*nXV| eix6va. Oi

JteQi66oa)
MdXiaTa av xdnoia aTivjiVi TO vcvixojioi'noo'utie Oa
OTO o\)(ui6Qaa(ia 6xi 6cv ctvai (paiv6(ievo
|i6vo Tot) xaJiiTaXiaTixoa) x6o(iO'u, aXXd xai TOV
. nap6Xo aiov 6ev elvai
2\)v66eTai xuplcoc; (ie TKIV ejcoxtj xdicoiac;
oi6V|Qoi), eXaoTixo'O, |<>Xov xai vniidTcov oav
-OXec;. YXec; jiejrepao^vec;, e|avtXii^vec; xai
Jicxu avtixaOtotavtai ait6 6XXa \)Xixd
xvptcoc; an6 TTI x^pwoi piofiTixavta. '
. OJicoo6V|JiOTe ti xaTavd6Ti xaTapY
X cooii QioYiQOi) (JteicoOiixc. H cxiieTdXcDOT) TCOV
licTaXXctcov yiv6Tav mo 6-60x0X11, mo iiaxQivY), mo
), mo xQovop6pa. Evco Ta v6a vXixd THCJ x^ll-ux^c;
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6Xecj TIC; pio^Tixctvtec;, jioXl3 cp0T|v6Tepecj, ev
01 Jieio06Tcocc, 66ivav
JieTpeXato\),(iia
[idXiGTa (JtdxQi TO 1973, 6Tav TO JieTQ^Xaio exvpiapan6 TIC; 7 a6eXcpdc; eTaiplec; xai ijTav
oav ICQCOTT)
loc
X)Tav dpx "H xploTi Ttjc;
, TaXXta, B^XYIO, xaTd Jiapd6ooT) pio(irixavix6c;
TIC; JiaXaidtepec; piojrnxavtec; p.ajio'OO, t\
V|Tav exptptTixYi. IIcoc; juiopovoe va TCXeicooci p-ia ejiox^ 6jiov ^ d'Ovajjiti cv6c; xpdTovc;
|iTQicbtav an6 TO mtocc; xa(iivd6cc; xai 11600 aTOdXi
. H evT^Jicooti V|Tav exprpmxYi oxi ^6vo OTOV
33

XpTijidTcov vice va (ATI ytvei xXucrn TCOV pa6ievepvcov

OTOixetcov xai opvaovv xd9e nopcpYi ?coV|Cj. 'ETai 6pnpopXTi|iaTixc; xai |idXio*Ta
lav aiTta, 9ecopT|Tixi(j pdpaia, TTJC; 6idXvaT|c; TCOV
JtpopXriiiaTixcov efjupavltjeTai TI-JCTCOOYI TOV |iaov
aoaTov xp6ovc;. AXXd av ndpovjie |ita - (ita TIC;
6a 6ov|ie 6Tt 6ev tjTav xai T6ao
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a' avTY| TTIV ttepljTccocrn ejicpavltjeTai oav
6ixaioXoYT|Tix6, "6Ti Jipoa;rca9ovv v' ajioajidaovv 01
va JiXoto Jiov pv9(t;eTai.
Kai jteua TO acptivovv va povXid^ei. AXXct yia
etvai avrov6T|TO 6Ti
amdpxow 01 ovvtaeiec; TOV v6|ju>v. Tov acmxov v6jjiov. AT|Xa6Yi av fyeic; va iiixpoiidyatjo, [iia (JtixpV)
pioTexvta xai xpccoxojiTioeic; 6ev 3iQ6xeiTai va aov
XapiaTet xav^vac;.
To IKA, t) AEH, o OTE, T) Ecpopta, 01 TQbmfys, 01
JUO*TCOTC; xai jrpo(jiT|9ea)Tdg, 6X01 9a ntoow eircxvco aov
va aov nctQO'uv 6Ti ^xeic; xai 6ev fyeic;. Ax6(ia xai Ta
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TO jtQoacomx6 TCOV ejiixeipi'iaecov, TOVC; ctcpTjoe va
^O^ cruv&teiec;. Xcoplg v* awt^ei TIC; jtpoacoTOVC; jiepiovatec;, OVTC va xdvei pei>va TOV TI
Ta %Qi\iLaia. JTOV 6avetaTT]xav. Me XOYTQ-IJ,
l, XaVxtaTixTi (poaoeoXoyla "d6ico5av" TOVC;
w
xaxovc; xaniTaXiOTdc;. Ki avTot x O^ va Jtovv
a jrr'iQav TOxan^XXo Tovg xi fccpvyaav evxa, acpov |ieTd Tt)v jiaTaYcb6*n aJtoTvxta TOVC;,
xaTdcpepav va cpvyovv |ie Ta xp^ ^ovc; xai
av^Xape TOHA2OK
(icpixovg imovoyovc; TOV va 6ico?ei TO jrXeovdljov

Ta JcaXio0C6epa TCOV eTaipicov oi6T|(>o6Q6|icov xai

(tXXcov TdToicov, 611X0671 TOVC; dxavav 6copo, ywzi av TIC;
6ev 9a mavav TtjtoTe, 01 ZWTTIQTITIXOC 6ev
frtaipav ovre OTIYJI^I va pplt;ow TO "aoaiaXiO(ji6" TTIC;
AXXct xai CTTTI x^0 ^5- 'OTav o
KapaiiavXric; TO 1977 66coae 6iaTaYt| va acpaip^oovv
TTI 6iotxT|aT| TTjg E|iJtoQixV|c; Tpaji^tjTic; air6 TOV
Av6pect6T| JTOV vjiov6|ieve ojroia6V|JtoTe Jipoojict9eia,
6ev diiaipav va TOV ajioxaXovv oooiaX(jtavV) xai
i6iaiT6pcoc; TOV T6Te vitovpYO IVVTOVIOJIOV
AXXct xovTCt OTIC; ctXXec; aiTtec; 9a Jtpjtei va
Tovlaov(ie TTI XeTiXaota Jiov tyivt OTIC; ajcoxaXovfievec;
jipopXT||jiaTix6c; emxeipTiaeic;. Av xai TO cpaiv6(ievo TTIC;
XeTiXaatac; 6ev acpopct |i6vo TIC; jipopXTiiiaTixfcc;, aXXct
xaTCt Jtoo6xTaoT| xai TO avvoXo TCOV ejiixeiQir|oecov
16 1 COT ixoav xai 6ii(iootoov.
Ti' avT6 ac; 6p9ov|jie (ie Xlyct X6yia OTO 96(ia Trig
XeTiXaotac; TCOV jigopXTHiaTixcov, Jiov tyivt xai avveva ytveTai. Ilatpvei 6ictcpopec; \ioQ(pt$. Oi 1610V| 01 xv$i6Tepoi (idToxoi apx^ovv va XeTjXaTOVV TIC; ejcixeiptjaeic; TOVC;. 'Oao xi av cpatveTai
jtapct^evo Y^veTai. ATIIIIOVQYOVV (ie av9pcojiovc; TOVC;
ctXXec; eTaiQlec;, aacpaXiaTix^c;, iieTacpopixdc;, jtpo|iTi9evTixdc; xd9e et6ovc; OTO eacoTCQix6 xai eJ-coTepix6
TTIC; x^Qag xai TOVC; jcepvdve 6ovXei6c;. Av ajtev9vv6vTovaav Y^ TIC; t6iec; 6ovXeUc; OTTIV eXev9epT|
ayopd, 9a e^aocpdXiljav JtoXv xaXvrep.ec; TIJI^C;, aXXd o'
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6ixc; TOVC;.
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6ev jrdei xaXd xep6(t;ovv (jieYdXa Jioad. MdXXiOTa
avT^g 01 JiXal'vdc; eTaiptec;, avrot 01 Jtpo[iT|9evT6c; x.Xii.
eTaiplec; e^ocpXovvrai jcpiv aji* 6Xovg.
AXXoc; Tp6jcoc; etvai va xQ^covovv 6Xa TOVC; Ta
aTOfjiixd ^o6a QTTIV
9eQ(idvaecoc; TOV CJJUTIOV TOVC;, TOiYdpa xai

<I>atveTai 6(icoc; 6Ti VjTav (iia aji6 Tig amoxpecooeig

Jtov elxe avaXdpei TO IIAEOK, Jipoxei^vov va TOV
o 6o6(iog yw TTJV xvpc>vnaT|.
O aoTixdc; Tvjiog, TI Na AtijioxpaTla xai 6Xt| TI
Ae*=id 6ev tnayt va ppttjei TO aoaiaXio|i6 JTOV 6paXe
X^pi OTTJV JiapaYcoYixV) i6icoTixi| JtpcoTopovXta. Aev
Jiepljieve xavetc; 6Ti 9a evxapiOTtiaow TTIV xvpc^vrjcni
TOVC;
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aXXct
xai

9paavTT|Tac; eCvai air(9avo. B^paia xai e6co 6ev xaivoTO|aovv. 'EpxovTai jroXv Jilaco. ZTTIV AYYXta Ji.x. 6Tav
T| jrowTTi xvp^pvnoTi TOV EQY<*Tixov K6(i|iaToc; TO
1945, eaY6o.aae OTTIV JiXViCTi TOVC; ovofiacmxii a^ta,

'Evac; aw6 TOVC; xoiv6Tepovg Tp6itovg etvai o

6iopia(i6c; oe 6iev9vvTixc;
[iio9ovc;,
6Xa Ta ovYY^vixd Jip6acoJia. M^xpi Jiov TOVC;
eaacpaXtc;ovv xai |aiav copata avvTa^n a^r6 TO IKA
aav jjiio9coTovc;. MdXXiOTa arnv avcbTepTj aocpaXiOTixVi
xXdaTj.
To ?V|TT||Jia TCOV JipopXTijiaTixcov eficpavtOTTjxe
ejitaTijia Xtyo jieTd TTIV dvo6o TOV IIAIOK OTTIV
xvp6pvnaT|. ZTIC; apx^g 1983, ait6 TO vjiovpYeto
E9vixV|c; Oixovojitac; ejicpavtOTTixe 6vac; xaTdXoyoc;
128 ejtixeipViaecov an6 10 xXd6ovc; TTIC; piojiTixavlac;

34

t<ov
Ta onota 6e (pTatve
xa06Xov aarcol. Aev avaYVcoo^ow xav^va
TQtTovg, KpdTog, Tpdite^eg xai l6ia>Teg. Oaoi
aJtaiTtjaeig, va Tig ixrcopdXoi>v OTO avjipoiiXio TCOV
, acpo-0 JipcbTa YtveirtXYip-ngxai
exxa9dpia*n. Ejitatig, va 6xo\)v TO6ixatcojia 01
^6|ievoi va ajtocpaal^ouv yia 6Xa Ta
xai i6iattcpa, (ie jroia
va
Aji6 TTIV apiaTepd, fjuXdve noXXdg cpop6g

150 6iaexaTO|4il3pia 6pax|J^g. AJICCaxoXotiaav 33.000 xtXid6eg ep/ydTeg xai amaXXY|Xoi>g.

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Yjrav 6Ti etxav xpcco8et nepiao6Tepa an6 ta xecpdXaid
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E8vixY|.
To ativoXo TCOV emxeipiiaecov elvai jieptoio'i) 3.000
xai an6 avcfcg tteptjtoi) 01 600 6xo*uv jtepiaa6Tepa
XpcooTO'6|ieva an6 Ta xecpdXaid Tovg, aXXd 6ev
xpt8t|xav npopXiiiiaTixdg. FiaTt npopXtinaTixii 6cv
avc6|jiaTa 6Ti TO acpvux6 Toa>g 6ev xep6tei.
pytixav exetveg Jioi> V| napovoia6vToa>aav TeXetcog ip6cpieg t| nov Ta acpfcvTixd Tovg
wtoX6Yiaav 6Ti fcTai 8a xa8aplaoarv etixoXa xai
av6o6a. Tcopa amt|pJ=av xai fiepixol 3iov TO (popt|0t|xav dxovTag axoliaei xdTi yw axXtipovg ooaiaXi0(10135 x.Xai. 'HTav 01 JTIO axaTaT6niaToi xai at'
(jteTavoieovovv jioa) 6ev jutVixav xi 01 61x65

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xai ejiev6*0aecov ",

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TOV aotix6 oixovo|iix6

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a6 TO x^dTo^. AvdXape ovaiaoTixd TTJV
TCOV jipopXnuaTixcov ejtixeipiioecov. Tcov %Qt6t)Xa6tj citixcipiioecov. AvcXape va 6ia43 (V| 44)
XQtOrpcav
, TO do Jtov etxav 6-njjno-up/ytiaei JioXXot
, tjTav ancQtY panto. Evag
oQYavia(jt6^, XCXTI Jiov (paiv6Tav antOavo
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Xei ae xtvno*n apxeTd^ an aands, dXXeg va Tig voi>
xoxDpdipei, va Tig 6iaacooci xai va 6o oXe'6o'uv
aJio6oTixd. B6paia, 8a npfoiei va Tovtoovjie 6Ti 6va

TliJIO.

TdXog, cpTdaajie va jxetvoDv 19 JtpopXniiaTixdg

Tig
TeXixd 8a 06^^800^ OTOV JtXeiaTiripiaa^. Kai
23 picoaijieg nov ajio^vovv, ava^t|Toi3vTai
'EXXnveg xai ?6voi. B6paia, (ju: e-uvoXxovg 6po-og.
oi3voXo Ttjg eXXtivixVig oixovojitag, 01
6ev elvai xavdva ajtov6ato
aVpepa. O (jfOSog Tovg 6^cog, 6iaTTipelTai xai 8a
aiwrnpetTai, YiaTt avjicpdpei va 6iaTnprj8et.
2Ta T^Xti TOO) 1986,01 npopXn|Jumxfcg e|jicpavtovTai va dxovv 28.000 epYa^6^evoa)g xai aajoaco109,9 6iaexaTomii)pla>v 6pax|icbv, [it
ativoXo imoxpecoaecov 230,5 6iaex. aXXd xai a-OvoXo
146,3 6iaex.
Mag cpatvovTai jieYdXa Ta Jtoad aXXd, av Ta
a-UYxptvovfie [it o-OvoXa rng eXXtivixVig oixovo|itag, 8a
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epY?6|ievoi 6ev etvai Jiapandvco aji6 TO 2-3 % TOO)
av
TCOV epYa^op^vcov OTTI piojjnfix ^. pioTexvta,
, ejiixeipi'iaeig xoivVig cocpeXetag, Tpdne^eg
xXrc. To Axa8dpiOTO EYX<OPIO IIpoX6v rng xcopag |jtag
TO 1984, ae Tp6xovaeg Ti|jtdg, ifrav 3.330,7 6iaexaTOjijixipia 6px. xai an' avc6, ei6ixd Ttig piofitixavlag,
950,6 6iaex. a' tva XQvo, ^vco 01 ?ii(ii6g TCOV npopXT|JtoXXcov xp6vcov xaxo6ia[jtaTixcbv elvai
xetpioirig. M^aa a' aired Ta a\>voXa, i\ lOTopta TCOV
jipopXnuaTixcbv 6ev etvai xai TtnoTe cpopep6 an6TO

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va
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Na ^exivfiao'uv aic6 |iifi6evixV| pdat). Na JITIV avaXdpo-uv
35

onoto va xivdajvetiei TI oixovo|Jtta. AXXcoaTe, xdOe

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Toi> xamTaXiajJuyO. To avaTTijAd TOD. Kai TO
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acojiaTetcov, TCOV OQYvcbaecov nov ToXjicxve ax6(ia va
tjt|T(tve. Tovc; jtie^ovv va 6exTovv xa9i|XcoaT|, ax6jia
xai (letcoat) TCOV ajio6oxcov, evTaTixojiottiaTi TTJC; epYaatac;, povcpiavid xai aaTwofjtoxpaTta OTIC;

6ev

va net: riatt 6ev ejiixeipoi3(jx va TIC; 6a>oo-u|ie

oto icQOOcoicix6 va TIC; 6iaxeipi0Tet xai va Jcpoojia9V|aei va ^t)aei |xa^( |ie TIC; enixeipYJoeic;. M' 6vav 6p.o. Me
|iia Tpdice^a V) vav opvavto(i6 JTOV 6a 6iaU^ei yia TIC;
oixovo(itx6cj oawaXXaY^c; xai 6xi (ie TKJV E0NIKH jto-o
0a a n o O C d TO
: " Aev TIC; 6tvov|ie
, aJi6 TT^V
xi
9a xcecoxoJtViao'uv." Ma
6a
aXXicog, xO^coxoJio'Ov JtoXX^c; xd8e xc6vo. FiaTt va

A.

36

nPOBAHMATIKEZ: EKTOZ AHO TIZ AF1OAYZEIZ Tl;

KaTa8oecov oe Sdveia nou Sev nnaivav noT OTTJV

napOYCOY^i Aev T^TOV auTot nou 6ivav KOI va
Sdveia Yia va ouYKaAu<p6ei r\ KaTdxpn^H TCOV
nponYoOuxvcov Saveicov;
En9avl?ovTai oi^jaepa 01 unoupyol TOU MrjTOOTdKn
KOI jaiAouv Yia TO nco^ 8a e^UYidvouv TI^ npopAnMaTtK^. Aev T^TOV 6u:coq 01 KOpioi*EpepT, naAaiOKpaod$ KOI o iSio^ o Mr|TOOTdicr|9 01 KOTee^ox^v
une08uvoi unoupYoi Yia TO OiKOVopiKd nou
np6o<pepav TFJV noAiTiKi^ KdAuipn Yia Tqv napox^
TCOV Saveicov an6 TI^ Tpdnee$ OTOU<; euvooOenixeipnuaTieq; Aev T^TOV OUTOI nou anova 6o8el npdoivo <pco^ Yia va 8aAaoTOU<; OTpijacoooSdveia, 6Tav 01
XVOVTOV an6 TI^ jaeYdAeq KOTa8oeiq TOU^ OTny
EApeTta; Aev I^TOV OUTOI nou naipvav TI^ ano<pdoei^ Yia TO apvnmd npaYiJOTiKd eniT6Kia;
Eu.<paviovTai ar^pcpa 01 Kupioi TOU IEB KOI Aev 611
apYonopei TO noOArjua TCOV npopAniJOTiKcov OTOU^
iSicoTe^, Sev I^TOV 6pco^ TO HYCTiKd OTeAxn TOU ZEB,
01 np6eSpol TOU ApdKO^ KOI Kupia^g, nou 01
enixeipi^oeiq Touq pp8riKav unepxpeco|aveq OTTIV
E8viKi^ e^aiTiaq TH^ SiaxeipnoiK TOU^;
Aev ?*| TQV 6 pax; 6Aoi |aa?t OUTOI 01 Kupioi KOI noAAoi
nou
dAAoi aK6pr|.
an6 KOIVOO anoq>doioavTOV
ouYKCKpi|jivo Tp6no "
v
piopnxavia^ COOTC KOI TO Aeq>Td TOU^ va u.n
piOKdpouv KQI va 8r|oauplouv. Aev T'ITOV Yia
a
napdSeiYMa noAiTiiciV Tpane^iTiKi^ KOI enixeipr|M TiKI^ eniAovi^ OUTCOV TCOV Kuptcov, oxe56v TO 80% TCOV
KecpaAaicov TTJ^ E8vucite va etvai enev5upvo KOI va
cAYX<>uv va onMavTiK6 T^pa THS piojanxavia^ KOI
va avaTl8cTai OTTJ ouvxeia n Sioucriori TCOV eniXeipi^oecov OUTCOV oe iSicoTeq enixeipnuaTies nou
eixav |aia piKpi^ cuppe 10x1*1 KOI ppaia Koiia^av ipv
Tonr| TOU^ (TodTOOi). Kai pxovTai oi^epa 6Aoi
auTol va jjia^ nouv nco^ 8a e^uyidvouv Tiq npopAr)|aaTiKq. Mi^nco^ npnei va TOU<; nei Kdnoioq
nco^ etvai 01 KQTC^OX^V une08uvoi KOI nco^ npnci
pdAAov va AoyoSoT^oouv;
YnooTHpi^erai 01*1 pep a 6Ti eivai anapaiTHTn n
anoKpaTiKonoinor) TOUcupuicpou SHMOOIOU Topa,
va
u
COOTC TO pYO TOU eKouYXP i M
KOI TH? Koivcoviaq KOT' enKTaon, va noci
co|K>U TOU iSicoTiKoO Topta nou |u6vo auT6q pnopci
va OT^Kcooei. Doio r^iav 6pcoq o p6Ao<; auToOTOU

H ava<popa OTO oxdvSaAo TCOV npopAruiaTiKCOv,

Ka8co$ oi^iuepa ennaxuveiai n SiaSucaoia SenouAiV
U.OT69 Touq OTOi5iamK6 - vo KOTd KGpio A6yoKe<pdAaio, civai xP^oiMH Yia opio|ave$ anAq icai
aTlK

Evco KOTapdAAovTai ouoTr)M ^9 npoonaOcieq

va neio8cl n KOIVI^ vvconn Via Ttg 8aupaToupY$
SuvaTdTrjTeq TT\<; iSicoTiiconoincnr| TCOV emxeipi)oecov
VT
nou pie TOVva i^ TOV dAAo Tp6no eAvx<> ai an6
Tpdnejeq f\ KpaTiicou$ OpYaviou.ou$Sev Aei 611 TO oOvoAo TCOV enixcipi^oecov
QUTCOV pplOKCTOl OTT) 8OT| QUTI^ C^QlTla^ QKplpUX;

an6

npcoTopouAta.
To C O v 6 6Ti
api8u.6 npopAr|<pTaoe oc a5i^o5o T^Sq an6 TQ [itoa TF|<;
TOU 70, caiTta TCOV "Savelcov" nou Aapav 01 i5toKT^TC^ Touq an6 TT| XoOvTa, Stvci
XapaxTHpiOTua^ n\cup6 TOU oTpaTicoTiKoO Ka0eOTtOTO, nou 1600 noAO cniSicoKCTai ar^jjepa va
'Vomponoirieer. Aev T^TOV Aom6v n BiicTaTopta va
anovevonMvo 5idprj|aa a<pp6vcov, aAA6 va
Ka8coTcoQ opYaviKd 6cpvo pc TFJV OOTIKI^ Td^n ^ai
TO oup<ppovTd TT|^. MGTO TO 1974 Sev I^TQV Atyoi 01
aTie
enixeipr|M 9 CKelvoi nou npooAau.pavav oav
nou anoKdAunTe ri "anoxouvTonotnorf.
fia TO 66veia QUTQ, Yia
ia TO nco
ncoq KQI Yiia T!
KQl TO TIOU TCAlK6 KQTAr)^QV KQl

, Sev ev5ta<pp8r|Ke oOTe TO

papavAiK6 Ka8eoTCoq peT6 TO74, oOTe n AAAavi^ TOU
rianavSpou, 6Tav TO npopAi^paTa QUTCOV TCOV emT^TQV au^av6|jieva U.CTQ TO 1981.
M
, 6pcrye, ai^pepa TO Xpuo6 ToOpAo"
Aonoivaq OTOMavToOSi;
En(pavi?oviai oi^u.epa Tpanc^iie<; KQI unoupYot
piAouv ncoq 01 npopArmaTiK9 npnei va nouAr)8oOv
oe iSicoTe^ Yia va e^uYiav8oOv, nco^ npnei va
cpuYouv an6 TTJV 6noia enonieia TOUKpaTouq Yia va
op8onoSi^oouv KOI T6oa aAAa ... Aev f|Tav 6pcoq 01
iSioi auTol Kupioi ZoAcdTa^, AvYcAdnogAo^ KOI
XpioToSoOAou, 01 KOTC^OX^V une08uvoi TpaneClTe^,
6ioiKf|T9 OTny Tp6ne?a TH? EAA65O9 KOI Tny ETE,
Yia Triv e<papMovi^ THS noAiTiKi^q TCOV ave^AeKTcov
Savetcov OTI$ euvooOpevec; enixeip^oei<;. Aev I^TOV
auTol 01 Kupioi une08uvoi Yia TH 6iaon69r|ar| TCOV
37

i5icoTiKoG Toua KOI TOU emxeipnpaTucoO *6opou aia

nporiYOUpeva xpovia; TiaTl 6ev *avav TO
auT6 OTTJV nepioSo 1960 - 1980; floio njav TO Cpyo
Toug o' auTn, Tny neploSo, pr^ncog 01 npopArjpaTiKlg;
Mr^ncog KOI n nepuprjun 6i6YKCoon TOU KpdToug KOI
TOU eupuiepou 6np6oiou Top6a elvai TO dpeoo
TOU
anoTAeopa TOU Tp6nou avdnTuJftS
p6oa an6 Tig KpaTuc6g eniSoTr^oeig, TO
emSoToupeva cniT6Kia, Tig KpaTu<6g Sandveg KOI
npopr^8eieg;
Acv T^TQV 01 ISioi Kupioi TOU ZEB nou TO 1981
np6Teivav OTTJV T6Te Kuppvr|ori TOU PdAAri va
ndpei utTpa, v6pipa 1\ 6xi, COOTC va avTipcTcomoouv
TOV avTOYtoviop6 A6yco EOK OTig KpaTucg npopr}8eieg. Acv njav pr^ncog o KOpiog ZKaAioTr^png nou
a<poO CKplae THV Kup6pvn,or| TOU FIAZOK COOTC va
ei;ao<paAioei Tqv ncoAr)or| TCOV npoi6vTcov Trig
TOU
enixeiprio^g
M^oco 5iaKpaTiKcov ouu^covicov Kai
a<poO 6ev TOU nCpaoe, nap6Tnoe THV enixeiprjor^ TOU
KOI <puYe OTO Aov8ivo ... Acv njav ur^ncog 01 KOpioi
TOU ZEB nou o' 6Arj Tny nepioSo TCOV Kupepvi^oecov
TOU flAZOK, 6pa?av oav npcoTO 66|aa TCOV enacpcov
Toug pe Tn,v Kup6pvn.or| TO np6Ypauua KPOTIKCOV
npour)6cicov. KOI 5cv civai or^ucpa 01 iSioi nou
KOVOUV cTaipieg yia va natpvouv aneu9eiag TO 610.
EOK. Acv civai on^uepa 01 Kupioi cKnp6oconoi
6vO1
Tn,g aoTiKi^g T 6 H 9 oi^uepa KOI 01 mo "cniTuxriM
aTie
enixeipnM ^" TCTOIOI OKpipcOg x^pig OTig KpaTiK6g
npop^6eieg KOI Tig Kounrveg yupco an6 auTtg.
MiAa or^ucpa o Mr)TOOT6Kf|g Yia ncpiopiou6 TOU
KpaiiKoO lop^a KQI TCOV KpaTiKcov 5anavcov. Acv
T^TOV 6|jcog auT6g, oav unoupy6g ZUVTOVIOJJOO OTO
T6Ar| 1979, nou anoudKpuve TO Aioucnjn, Tt^g ETE
aT
AYYcA.6nouAo u/ a^opur^ TH xP1M 56Tr|or|

ue TO ANT, nou KUUQIVOVTQV OTQ 5 5io, 5oAA6pia ia

Xp6via 1981 - 1984, QKoAou0oOv aAuaTco5n nopeta
MCTd TO 1985 KQI 6xouv unepSmAaoiaoTct TO 1990.
ZuYKCKpiueVa, TO npcoTO Tpiunyo TOU 1990 au^0T)KQV KQTQ 200 6KQT. 6oAA6plQ KQl &YIVCIV 9,2

5lO.

5oA. To SeOTCpo Tptunvo TOU 1990, on6Te OTHV

e^ouoia cixc avtpci n <(>iAeAcG6epn NA TOU MqTOOT6KH, 01 KQTa6oeig au^8r|Kav Kaid 2,6 Sio.
SoA. KQI ^(pTaoav ia 1 1,8 5io. 5oA. Zc |aia ncpioSo
TWV
nou o Aa6g KaAeiTai va nAripcooei TQ XP^H
ov, auToi e^aKoAou8oOv va
KOI va <pUYa5euouv TO K6p6r| Toug OTO e^coTepiK6. Oi
a<peAetg unopouv va nepiutvouv Tig enevSOoeig
Toug.
noAO KOuptvTa Yia TO p6Ao TCOV
EneiSn, 6ucog
T(OV
vtcov
cnixeipr^oecov Toug, ag Coupe tva xapaKir|pioTiK6
- Dp6KciTai y(Q Tr) ucYaAOTCpn tocog ciaipia OTOV KAaSo TCOV Tpo<ptpcov JJG Ka8apa
pep IK 6 5io. SpaxpSg. OTOV tcpepe TOV enavaoiaTiK6
u
Tr
"<pp6oKo" x M l? oTf|v ayopd, n iatpn.unon, Trig
^COI^KCOOC 6vTovcg SiauapTupteg Yia a96piio
avTQYCovio|a6, SiapapTuptcg nou TcAiKd 5iKaico8r)Kav.
a
c
Evco Aom6v 8a ncpipcvc Kaveig oc uia x^P M
nopTOK6Aia oav TO eAAnviKd KOI oe noo6THTC
COOTC va SdpovTai OTig x^paTCptg, Trjv
va a^ionoioOoe OUTT^ Tqv d^eovp npcoTr)
ve
OAr| KOI e<papp6ovTag oOYXP 9 pe866oug va
napr^YOYe 6va npol6v nou 8a ouvtpaAe OTqv
oiKOvopia TOU T6nou, n ev A6yco emxeipnori eiodyei
U
T
an6 TO
TOV enavaoTOTiK6 X M H9
lopar^A KOI TOV
nouAd pe entorig cioaY6Mevr| ouoKeuaoia
ayopd. Kai peTd 9Tatve 01
5ev civai n a a c o i K o i Kai TOIC
a
01 eioaycoY^g. To napd5eiYM eivai
XapaKTripiOTiK6 Yia Toug vtoug cnixeipnpaTieg KOI
Tig emxeipn,oeig Toug aAAd KOI Yia Tig aiTieg Trig
Kai
T a O ^ ? TCOV CIOOYCOYCOV.
H OTn,pi5n KOI avanTU^n Trig vT6ma
pe TO KC(pdAaua TCOV KOTa8cTcov nou 6naipvav
SaveiKd KOI aydpioTa pe Tqv KpaTiKi^ noAiTiKr^ OTig
Tpdne^eg 6xei KOI TFJ or)pavTiK6Tepn nTUX^ Trig.
1
"oiKovopiKiy , aAAd Ta^iKfj KOI KOIVCOVIKT^. H
pCTanoAiTeuor) TO 1974 eixe oripavTiKg eninTcooeig
OTqv Ta^iKr^ ndArj. AAAae TO nAaloio KOTaoToAr^g
KOI n vopiponoinori TCOV SicKSiKi^oecov 66cooe q>Tepd
OTO Aa\K6 KOI epYOTiK6 Kivripa, nou tpAene va

EAEBME; Aev T^TOV auT6g nou Tono06Tn.oe

TOU TO on,Mepiv6 unoupy6 TOU T. XpioToSoOAou
KOI n^oa oe Atycg uepeg CYKpi8r|Ke n apxiKT^

EAEBME aunu.6vn KOTO

SoAAdpia;
Ki av Kaveig e^unvog loxupioTet: or^uepa TO
np6YMQTa txouv aAAd^ei, tToi unopet va Yiv6Tav
OTO napcA86v, or^uepa 01 6AAnyeg emxeipnuaTieg
6xouv avTiAn^Sei TOV KoivcoviK6 Toug p6Ao KOI TO
ouu.<ppov Toug ja6oa an6 Trjv
MCpiK6 anA6 OToixcia 8a TOU anavTi^oouv. Tov
npcoTO xpovo (acTd TO OTa8eponoirjTiK6 np6Ypau|aa
TOU HAZOK, TO 1888, nou TO icepSn. TCOV emxeipr^oecov Yvcdpiav KaTOK6pu9n avoSo, TO XP^og TOU

SiKaicovovTai 01 aycoveg TOU. Oi oKAripoi aycoveg nou

auTfj Triv nepioSo ^avepcOvouv
pi?oonaoTiKonoir|ori TCOV epYaop6vcov KOI

KOT6 15% aK6un.. Oi

TCOV eAAnycov OTO e^coTcpiK6, oO|j<pcova

38

TOUC, OTOUC, x^pous SouAeidc, oav

an 6 Tf\ uia, KOI Tn,v aSuvauia ev6$ ueydAou upou
aoTiKn,c, Ta^iK va icavei napaxwpn;oeic., va

Aeiipav T^ oSr^vnoav oe 0616^060 01

Pi auT6 KOI MeT6 TO 1985 TO DAIOK KOI on,uepa n NA
noAO nepioo6Tepo, emStw^av TO ^enoOAnpa TWV
enixeipi^oewv OUTWV. EenoOAnpa nou
Yia eVa an6 TO mo npWTon6pa KouuAaTia
T6^n^- IrjU-aivei 6i6Auon Yia TO
MOva5iK6 KOUU6TI, KOK6 ia ijjtuaTa, Tn.9 epYdTiKT^
Yvwpt^ei or^uepa TI on,ualvei va Kep61?eiq
nepYWVTac. K6vTpa OTT^V epYo5ooia
KOI 6xi unoxwpwvTa^ f\ KavovTdq TO nAaicaiaa.
Ki auT6 eivai an6 TO npaYMOTa nou ev5ia<p6pouv

npwTapxiKd TO KexpdAaio OTrj oqnepiv^ ava5i6p8pwon TTj^ Kupiapx'iaq TOU OTny KOIVWVIO. fi auT6 KOI
Sev eivai Tuxata r| OTdoq Tn,c. FZEE OTI<; npopAr|6nou tKave TO navTa Yia va un.v
avanTux8el Kavev6<; eiSou^ ouvSeon, TOU OYWVO
avdueoa OTO owuaTeta TWV emxeipT^oewv OUTWV KOI
oaun6Tape avoixTd Tiq npoon68eie<; opiou^vwv
owuaTeiwv, TOU "EEKINHMATOI" KOI dAAwv npoq
Tr|v KaTe08uvor|. 'Onw<j Sev eivai Tuxaia KOI r\
Z0upaon<; ue TO IEB Tny
aK6un o EAe08epog T0no<;
ISia utpa nou KOI

ovlOTC

KOI va eicouYXP
t an6 Tn,v 6AAr|.
FevviouvTai TO epYOOTaoiaicd owuaTeia OTH,
npcoTonopeta TWV CPYOTIKWV aywvwv KOI K'avel Tny
eu.<pdvion^ TFJC, OTO npooicn>io uia YCVIO vtwv
ouvSucaAioTwv nou Sev naapeuouv KOI 6cv
unoicunTOUv OTIC, a^iwoei^ TH.C, epYoSootac,. To
l

OTlolc 1 T

KetpdAaio avTiSpd ue TO, pia, xPn M

' H
aoTuvouta, TO OTpaT6, TH, AiKaiooOvrj Yia va Kduipei
TOUC, anepYoCic,. aAAd TO Kupi6Tepo avTt Tr|$ q>uvite
npo$ TO eunp6c,, OVT'I va K6vei enevSuoen; va
vl TC 1

eKOUYXP ' KOI va enipaAAei ue TOV Tp6no auT6

u
Tf| vCa xupiapx'ia TOU OTouq x^P 9 6ouAei6q,
(|>eOYei npoq TO mow. EYKOTaAetnei Tiq enixeipi^oei<;
i 6aveiK6
V anoxcopi^oei
ITFJV
TWV epYOTiKwv OYWVWV, p6paia, 8a
a6iOK6 o entorjuoq ouv5iKaAiou6g, 8a
eucpaviOToOv mo eueAucToi epYo66Te^ KOI oiY6
TO epYQTiK6 Kivua 6a KavaAi^apioTei. 'Ouwq
npWTonopeta TOU epYooTaoiaKoO ouvSiKaAiouou
nap6 Tr|v unoxcOpnon, KOI TOV eK<puAiou6 TH<; 6a
^aKoAouSr^oei va 6iaTn,pel 6va
m,9, KOI OTn,v npwTn nepioSo TWV Kupepvi^oewv
AAAaY^^, KUptw$ u6ow TWV pu6utoewv Yia
npopAn,uaTiK6^, 6a SriuioupY^oei pr^YuaTa OTH.V
. Ta OITI^UOTO Yia uia 6AAr)
av6nTu^n?. TTOU Sev 6a Tn,v
Xeip!ovTai ev ACUKW 01 Tpane^iTeq, SquioupYOuv
noAA6 n o A i a a T O . OuoiK6 TO DAIOK 5ev
oOTe OTO eAaxiOTO TO paoiKa auT6
on,peia TOU npoYpauuaT6c, TOU KOI eivai on,uavTiK6
o T e KOV
va TOvioTet 6Ti 01 an6ipeis
6oKiu6oTn,Kav Yia va 6xouv
KOI vap8ouv
iSiWTiicou
ueT6 epiaupeuTtq 01
Touta. An6 TO npdYMaTa n,
KOI
p6or|
emxeip^oeiq nou
npopAn,MaTiK6<;,

uiAoOoe Yia "KOTaiY'iSa OTHV To6nr| uaq".

To np6pAn.ua TWV npopAn.MaTiKwv eivai
noAiTiK6. Eivai anoTtAeopa jaiaq ouvenoOq
nou e^unripeTOuoe ouYKCKpiueva
ouu(p6povTa. I^pepa 01 6n.uioupYoi OUTOU TOU
npopAT*|uaTo<; 6pxovTai va TO "AOoouv" p.e TOV mo
KOI
KuviK6 Tp6no,
emxeipn.oeic. Aev undpxouv
nepi8wpia Yia "6AAec" npOT6oei<;.. H veoipiAeAe08epn AaiAana OTI<; npopAn^aTiKC<; p6?ei oav
va AOYOSOTI'JOOUV 01 evoxoi KOI
Kupio TO
p6?ei ^avd TO C^Tn,u.a TOU noioq ano^aol^ei, TOU
KQ
noioq KaSopi^ei TTJV avdnTu^n i TTIV nopeia OUTGO
TOU T6nou. Ir^uepa eAdxioTOi ayvooOv 6Ti uia
Kupepvn.on, FIAZOK, ev6^ onoiouSi^noTe flAZOK,
Sev np6KeiTai va ^6pei TO Aa6 OTFJV e^ouola, nou
npenei va Trjv ndpei u6vo<; TOU.

39

HEPIEXOMENA

1. EiaaycoYt)

.................................................................................................

aeX. 3

2. H eitiGeari evdvtia OTT] ^covtavtj epyaaia .............................................. aeX. 5

1f

3. Iloog, Jt6te, Jtoioi tig 6r]|Juo'UQY ]0ttv ........................................................ aeX. 9

/

4. Scofjiateio MetaXXcoQ'Oxcov MavTov6io u.

1976, 1990: ADO ajtepyteg ae 6iacpoQetixeg ejro%e$ ............................... aeX. 18
5. Mia "a3totDxifi[xevifi "

aeX. 22

6. KQitixtj ajrottfjiriari TOD aycova QTTIV neiQaixtj naTQaixfj ................... aeX. 25

7. Mia [JLixQfj eiaaycoYti OTO 6d|jia
8.

...............................................................

aeX. 32

ajr6 Tig arcoXtiaeig TI; ................ 3 ................................................... aeX. 37