David Rew

11/1/16

Annotated Source List

Main Topic
Chia, H., & Wu, B. (2015, March 1). Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials.
Retrieved October 19, 2016, from BioMed Central website:
https://jbioleng.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13036-015-0001-4
Summary: Website
Tissue engineering has become a recent application that can be used within 3D printing
by creating different tissues using living cells as a platform of multiplication. The possibility of
organs, bones, tissue and nerves being artificially created is highly likely in the coming years.
Being able to replace damaged organs with artificially created ones will reduce the need for
donated organs allowing surgeons to perform their own procedures without having to worry
about the different types of conditions that he organ may be in.
Applications to research:
Tissue engineering is becoming more of a real idea that is coming. Out of all the
biotechnical research and ideas this one is the most best one due to the fact that it can reproduce
living tissue by using cell multiplication and create artificial tissue that can be used to form
organs performing different task.
Cho, D. W., Lee, J.-S., Pati, F., & Jung, J. W. (2015). Organ Printing (Vol. 1).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-1-6817-4079-9
Summary:Book
The book talks about the application of 3D printing towards human organs. 3d printing
has many aspects to it and the book explains what those aspects are in relation to the different
types of mechanisms and methods that 3d printing has. Tissue engineering is a common art that
has been widely research my biomedical technicians but 3d printing is utilizing cells in order to
replicate its functions that can be later used to produce living tissue that can perform different
functions that would eventually tie into creating a n organ.
Application to research
This book was very insightful towards the how organ printing can be related towards
many different subjects and the different way that one can use organ printing to study another
topic in matter. Organ printing won't just have a use for the operating room but can also be used
in researching different types of cancer and how it affect a living organ.
Gill, J. M., & Hart, A. S. (2016). Opening New Frontiers in the Development of Life
Sciences Technology with Collaborative 3D Printing Technology. Journal of Laboratory
Automation, 21(4), 487-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068216647323
Summary: Journal

This piece of technology may seem recent becuase it way just recently introduced to the
public but it has been been in the past know as rapid prototyping. Layers and layers are created
by extruding hot plastic though a small nozzle to create a shape for figure that was produced on a
computerized design online.
Application to research
The article discusses the basic of 3d printing and the applications that it can be used. 3d
printing can be different from organ printing because you aren't using plastic polymers. Organ
printing uses a similar basic concept and knowing what 3d printing is important to compare the
similarities and differences between the both in order to understand what exactly 3d printing
organs is.
Leukers, B., Glkan, H., Irsen, S., & Milz, S. (2005). Hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone
tissue engineering made by 3D printing. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in
Medicine, 16(12), 1121-1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-005-4716-5
Summary: Journal
There has been an a need for bone tissue because it can be used during bone replacement
surgery as well as repairing cartilage. Bone Tissue Engineering can fix this problem by creating
artificial bone grafts that are usable by the public. 3D printing can be implemented into creating
these artificial bone material that will be similar in structure.
Application to research:
The usage of 3D printing for the creation of bone material is something new that can be
put under the same boat as 3D printing organs because they are such of organic materials that can
be structurally made with precise jet printing technology
Mironov, V., Boland, T., & Trusk, T. (2003). Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D
tissue engineering. Trends in Biotechnology, 21(4), 157-161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00033-7
Summary: Journal
Tissue engineering technology proves an effective way to surgeons to get a hold of
organs rather than getting a donation from a donor. Even with the technology 3D printing organs
is an improvement in biomedical engineering which may not be later implemented into people
for a while. Organ printing may prove a way for patients with ill organ conditions to receive high
grade organs rather than those of donors which may have health problems. Organ printing is a
complex process that is built among blueprints, cell multiplication and cell maturation cell.
Application to Research
The article provides valid data on organ printing, and the different ways to approach the
problem of creating a organ printer. Contains a well developed abstract that explains the
information of cell layers that are sequentially placed and solidified as thin layers as a substitute
for other materials. Many great points made on the steps needed to go before organ printing and
the benefits that it will pose for patients that are in need of organs.
The national. (2015, May 19). 3-D printing organs [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ6GQfXEmyM
Summary: Video

A research laboratory in MIT is going to address the problem of people dying due while
waiting for organs by creating artificial organs. They have already created some different organs
such as artificial skin cells and artificially created livers in the lab. They are also using the
artificial cells that can be used for testing by pharmaceutical companies by seeing how a certain
tissue reacts to a drug and how it affect other body systems if applied to different organs, which
could get rid of the need for animal testing.
Application to research
The video is very helpful in determining where we are know in relation to organ printing
and shows how organ printing has already been started to be implemented into the medical field.
The lab already shows how much progression has been made in order to create artificial organs.
The video also shows a new application that organ can be used for rather than just organ
transplantation.
Radenkovic, D., Solouk, A., & Seifalian, A. (2016). Personalized development of human
organs using 3D printing technology. Medical Hypotheses, 87, 30-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.017
Summary: Journal
The idea of 3D printing organs is taking cells and using them to create
functional organs and tissue that can be used for living patients. Having these readily 3d
printed
organs will cause patients to no longer be reliant on organs of donors which is a bug
concern
because they might not be available in the time of need.
Application to research
This article gives an overview about how 3d printing can be used to save
problems
regarding the need for organs and transplants. By fabricating organs there will be less of a
need
to worry about the condition about the organ. This helps my research because it explains
how
beneficial this can be towards everyone in the world.
Previous Topic
Belson, K. (2003, July 26). Concussion study makes case for fewer youth contact drills
[Fact sheet]. Retrieved from Opposing viewpoints in context database. (Accession No.
GALE|A337856956)
Summary: Database
The main idea was about reducing the amount of concussions during football games by
researching the speeds at which the football players go at. They used statistical evidence to
support their claim that they were trying to make. It shows that they are biased because the data
that they were using was not checked to see bias, and while collecting the data they might have
sampled in different ways which may have represented a tiny group of football players who are
representing the whole population of football players.
Application to Research:

This topic is interesting because biomedical technology is not just limited towards
surgical procedures but also athletic application that may be used in our generation. This article
helped opened me up towards different approaches and solutions to problems that included
biotechnology .
Fishman, J. A., & Rubin, R. H. (1998). Infection in Organ-Transplant Recipients.
Infection in Organ-Transplant Recipients, 338(24), 1741.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199806113382407
Summary:Journal
There are important considerations you must take when transplanting an organ into a
patient, such as time, precision, efficiency, sanitation, and quality of the transplantation.
Infections can be caused due to a lack in one of these skills. Back then infections were very
common and they could easily kill someone because they were no real treatments against this
besides using soap. Many infections also have various signs and symptoms that will show up
while getting an infection; these signs will usually allow you to notice yourself getting an
infection before it is too late.
Application to research:
This is a very interesting topic because it connects to the topic of biomedical sciences
which also ties into the medical fields. The medical field contains many people that operate on
other people and by understanding the procedures that surgeons must go through I can be able to
recognize some of the problems that may need to be fixed for later.
Fish, Raymon M. American Electrical Injury Expert. Gale science in context,
goo.gl/JFC3Qk. Accessed 21 Sept. 2016.
Summary:Database
Fish Studied the effects of electrical shocks on the human body and has become
known expert in the field of electrical injury. In his life he had researched the topic of
electrical inputs on the human body which allowed himself to become an expert in the
field that can witness cases that serve with the influence of electricity on the human
body. Although his main topic of study was biomedical engineering he was also
recognized as a board certified in emergency medicine. He also taught surgery,
advanced cardiac life support and advanced trauma life support and his original major
which was in bioengineering.
Application to research
Great viable research, that can be used in biomedical engineering to help diagnose
certain problems that deal with the nervous system and how it interacts with electrical
currents. This study can help a person recover from a electrical injury, which may be
important in researching different medications and treatments of medical problems that
can occur in a patient's life.
Gupta, Ajay Kumar, and Mona Gupta. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide
nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 18, June 2005, pp.
3995-4021. Science Direct, Elsevier Ltd,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961204009317. Accessed 27 Sept. 2016.
Summary: Website

Iron particles have been widely used experimentally for various types of applications that
may have involved the use of tissue repair detoxification of biological fluids and cell separation. The
various uses nanoparticles of must have certain magnetic values and sizes that can actually be used
in the medical purpose that it is needed for. Many of the magnets must reach a certain size and
magnetic properties in order for its chemical properties to retain.
Application to research
This article makes very good point on how specific physical characteristics must be present
which may affect the chemical properties. Each specific characteristic of a metal must be adjusted in
order for it to be used in treating a patient. There are great descriptions on the applications that It can
be used for various types of health problems,
G, Xu. Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased
beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Exendin-4 stimulates
both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and
improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats., vol. 48, 1 Dec. 1999, pp. 2270-76. Diabetes
Journals, American Diabetes Association,
diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/48/12/2270. Accessed 28 Sept. 2016.
Summary: Website
Diabetes is caused by hyperglycemia because of an deficiency of the production of
insulin by the pancreas. One of the main causes of the development of diabetes is a mass of betacells that are inside of the body and affects the glucose insulin production. The main use of of
exendin-4 activates the beta-cells from progenitor cells which caused the administered rats to
suffer from a greater risk of diabetes.
Application to research
This information was informative in the development of insulin type glucose and the
effects that it has on the body. The article provides experiments that were carried out in a
laboratory and shows cause and effect when testing their hypothesis on lab rats which proved
that the mal production of insulin the showed a direct relationship between the rate at which one
gets diabetes.
Opelz, G., & Dhler, B. (2004). Lymphomas After Solid Organ Transplantation: A
Collaborative Transplant Study Report. American Journal of Transplantation, 4(2), 222230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-6143.2003.00325.x
Summary: Journal
There are many types of transplantation such as Lymphoid which is a serious type of
organ transplantation. Posttransplant non-Hodgkin lymphomas is another type of transplantation
which differs from lymphomas because of the general population in the research. There many
research related to the data on NHL that were gathered from smaller group of patients that have
an increased count frequency of lymphoma compared to other cancers.
Application to Research
The article explains the risks that you take when you have to get an organ transplantation.
The article is useful because it talks about a specific type of transplantation that is affected due to
a disease that may weaken organs in the body.

Spectroscopy In Real-World Applications: Current Trends in XRF, LIBS, NIR, QCLs,

FT-IR, ICP-MS, and Raman. Spectroscopy, Aug. 2016. Gale Virtual Reference Library,
goo.gl/ijBQHy. Accessed 21 Sept. 2016.
Summary: Website
In the past years, Spectroscopy has had an increase in the different amount of
applications that can be used in like XRF, LIBS, QCLs, FT-IR, ICP-MS, and
Raman. All these types of Spectroscopy is used in different ways and can be applied
differently towards different situation that the patient may have. An assistant professor
at Washington State University used a total reflection X-ray fluorescence in order to
analyze the different types of stainless steel metal that was pushed on release.
Application to research
There is a lot of information in this article that describe the usage of Spectroscopy in
different types of applications and demonstrates the advantages of using the different
methods of each application. There are many great examples that are used by this
journal and can be classified as a primary source because the author ask questions to
different people about the the types of Spectroscopy that they specialize or use in their
research.
NA,"Under Construction." The Economist. Timekeeper, 9 Mar. 2013. Web. 20 Sept. 2016.
Summary: Website
Workers that rely on scaffolds are often supported by strong study materials that contain
many complex structures. Biomedical engineers are using similar structures in relation to the
scaffolds that are used for tissue engineering. These tissues are usually made with biological or
synthetic material that will be placed into the patient so that problems in the body can be
repaired. The structure we use in construction can relate to the formation of synthetic material
that we use for treatments today because they provide a sturdy support while being efficient in
space. The problems associated with synthetic material also cause a problem because they are
limited in their interactions with living tissue.
Application to research
This resource can relate to my area of study because it talks about the medical uses of
synthetic material that can replace tissues that donors give away with a new synthetic material so
that people don't have to wait for a donor to be treated. The source is solid and contains
experiments that were performed by the team mentioned in the article. There were solutions and
other alternatives that described the synthetic material.