Complex numbers

no real solution for

i 2 1
i 1

z a ib
complex number
where a is the real and
b is the imaginary component of z
complex conjugate

z a ib

absolute value

| z | z z a 2 b 2
real and imaginary components of z

( z ) 12 ( z z )

( z )

Complex numbers
Alternative representation:
z a i b r (cos i sin )
2
2
where r | z | a b

tan

b
a

Eulers identity:
z r (cos i sin ) r e i

1
2i

(z z)

(cont.)

Complex numbers

(cont.)

Basic formula:
z1 z 2 (a1 a2 ) i (b1 b2 )
i ( )
z1 z 2 r1 r2 e 1 2 r1 r2 [cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )]

z1 r1 i (1 2 ) r1
e
[cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )]
z 2 r2
r2

z n [r (cos i sin )]n r n (cos n i sin n )

i
i
i
cos( ) (e ) 12 (e e )

sin( ) (ei )

1
2i

( e i e i )