Qualtitattive research is an research technique which is characterized as an "arrangement of

interpretive practices" that does not underscore any one strategy or practice over some other
(Denzin and Lincoln, 1998).
Qualitative data analysis (QDA) is the procedure of turning composed information, for example,
meeting and field notes into discoveries. There are no equations, formulas or guidelines for this
procedure, for which you will require abilities, information, experience, understanding and a
readiness to continue learning and working at it. There are various methods for doing QDA.
They incorporate the contextual investigation approach, hypothesis based approaches, and
community oriented and participatory types of examination.
Steps employed for performing qualitative analysis in general are given in following figure:

Some of these steps can be merged as an single steps and their usages is purely dependent on the
project being evaluated.

Step 1: Record your data and prepare memos

The most important part in Qualitative data analysis is to collect data and keep accurate record of
it. Documentation is an essential piece of the examination and assessment process. This implies
keeping a reasonable and point by point record of all the information which has been gathered as
point by point notes, transcripts, graphs, maps or different materials. It becomes easier to use the
data when once it has been properly arranged.
Step 2: Label and archive your data
The collected data is to be organized to make it meaningful information. This implies marking
all information, with the goal that is known where it originated from and how it was gathered.
Likewise there is a need to set up a document or database to help effectively discover the
information. This is most successfully done utilizing a PC program for example; Excel. The data
must include information like who was interviewed by whom, where, when and how etc.
Step 3: Review your PM&E objectives
Before breaking down the information, it is necessary to dependably begin by inspecting the
assessment objectives, i.e., the reason why an attempt to the given research in any case is carried
out. This will help to sort out information and center the examination.
Step 4: Analyze contextual and demographic data
It is imperative to have a decent comprehension of who the information was gathered from, what
apparatuses were used to gather the information, and the neighborhood connection and issues
that are significant to the center of the assessment. This data helps in investigation and
translation of the information and is especially vital if information is gathered by diverse
scientists in different areas.
Step 5: Carefully read through the information and start coding

Start the procedure of examination via precisely perusing through all the field notes, meeting
transcripts and so on and making remarks in the edges about the key examples, topics and issues
in the information. One could utilize shaded pens to code diverse thoughts or subjects in your
information.
Coding is more than basically sorting out information. Coding additionally helps to start the
procedure of deliberately dissecting it, working out what the information is letting to know and
the connections and designs in the information.
Step 6: Identify and compress topics
When there are rundown of codes, and concurred meanings of these codes, now one can start
arranging the information into comparative classifications, for example, 'listening examples',
'input on projects', 'program etc.
Step 7: Interpret discoveries, survey commitments to affects and condense
The following step includes endeavoring to put information into point of view. This implies
contrasting the results with what one expected, and with unique system targets, pointers and
exploration questions. Then condense the principle discoveries, under wide headings, for
example, 'Tuning in Designs' and 'System Impacts'.
Step 8: Triangulate information sources
Triangulation is the procedure of joining numerous routines and viewpoints with different sorts
of information sources all together to cross-check the consequences of the current research. It
can likewise mean utilizing a few unique researches as a part of an assessment.
This procedure serves to fortify the research and make discoveries more valuable to others by
giving diverse data and viewpoints about the theme of your research.

Step 9: Make conclusions and recommendations and prepare draft report

After the result summary it is now the step to make conclusion of the report and
recommendations on ways of improvising the current system in existence. All these findings are
drafted and a report is documented.
Step 10: Seek feedback and validation
The report made is sent for evaluation and it is critically reviewed by peer staffs. On critical
analysis of recommendations and conclusions a cross checking is carried out. Peer staff can give
valuable feedbacks which are to be considered and validated by revising the report.
Step 11: Communicate your findings
Now the next step is to share the research findings with staff, and partners, group individuals
furthermore, contributors. These discoveries can be utilized to assist one with programming to
better react to nearby group necessities and desires, build manageability, and work all the more
adequately.

Step 12: Implement recommendations and improve QDA system

Once the findings of the report are accepted it is time to implement the recommendations in the
given scenario to make the research more effective. Also, one ought to routinely survey your
QDA frameworks and procedures to recognize anything that is not functioning admirably and
how it could be made more successful, effective and economical as far as the assets and time one
has.
References:
Saladana, Johnny (2012). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage. ISBN
1446247376.