Ideal

rectangular
filter
Digital
filter

Modulo-2
adder
~

Wk

\:'.:.; ~--___,...., r

Sampler
Channel

Yk

O>----il Decoder

t=kT

2T
wk_ 1

Delay
T seconds

1.Ykl

t--i

I (xkl

Noise
uii : 1

Figure 2.26

Precoded duobinary signaling.

Decoding decision rule:

y k = 2, decide that xk = binary zero.

If Yk = o, decide that xk =binary one.
If

Decoded binary sequence {xd:

The differential precoding enables us to decode the (yd sequence by making a

decision on each received sample singly, without resorting to prior decisions that could
be in error. The major advantage is that in the event of a digit error due to noise, such
an error does not propagate to other digits. Notice that the first bit in the differentially
precoded binary sequence (wd is an arbitrary choice. If the startup bit in (wd had
been chosen to be a binary one instead of a binary zero, the decoded result would
have been the same.

2.9.4 Duobinary Equivalent Transfer Function

In Section 2.9.1, we described the duobinary transfer function as a digital filter incorporating a one-digit delay followed by an ideal rectangular transfer function.
Let us now examine an equivalent model. The Fourier transform of a delay can be
described as e-i2"'fr (see Section A.3.1); therefore, the input digital filter of Figure
2.25 can be characterized as the frequency transfer function

Hi(!)

1 + e -i2-rrfr

(2.31)

The transfer function of the ideal rectangular filter, is

for

IJI < 2~

(2.32)

elsewhere
The overall equivalent transfer function of the digital filter cascaded with the ideal
rectangular filter is then given by
2.9

Correlative Coding

97