Sources of Magnetic Field: 1 J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

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Sources of
Magnetic Field
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14
Magnetism
Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux
Motion of Charged Particles in Magnetic Field
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
Force and Torque on a Current Loop
27
Fundamental nature
of Magnetism
Interaction of moving
electric charges
Magnetic forces arise in two stages:

1. Moving charge or a collection of moving charges
produces a magnetic field.
2. Current or moving charge responds to this
magnetic field and so experiences a magnetic
force.
Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Current Element
Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
Force Between Parallel Conductors
Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop
Amperes Law & Applications of Amperes Law
28
Fundamental nature
of Magnetism
Interaction of moving
electric charges
Magnetic forces arise in two stages:

1. Moving charge or a collection of moving charges
produces a magnetic field.
2. Current or moving charge responds to this
magnetic field and so experiences a magnetic
force.
Magnetism
Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux
Motion of Charged Particles in Magnetic Field
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
Force and Torque on a Current Loop
27
Electric Interactions
1. A distribution of electric charge at rest creates an electric field

in the surrounding space.
2. The electric field exerts a force
that is present in the field.
on any other charge q
Magnetic Interactions
1. A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the
surrounding space (in addition to its electric field).
2. The magnetic field exerts a force
on any other moving
charge or current that is present in the field.
28

Electric Interactions
1. A distribution of electric charge at rest creates an electric field
in the surrounding space.
2. The electric field exerts a force
that is present in the field.
on any other charge q
Magnetic Interactions
1. A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the
surrounding space (in addition to its electric field).
2. The magnetic field exerts a force
on any other moving
charge or current that is present in the field.
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Objective
1. Evaluate the magnetic field vector at a given point in space
due to a moving point charge

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Source point
Field point
+
q
Point P
Question:
What is the magnetic field at point P?
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Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity
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Direction: Use RHR.
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10
28

Example:
11

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Seatwork (0.5 pt):

What is the direction of the
magnetic field at point P due
to the two moving charges?
Answer: +i or
out of the page
12
28

Example:
What is the magnitude of the
magnetic field at point P due
to the two moving charges?
13
28

Objective
1. Evaluate the magnetic field vector at a given point in space
due to an infinitesimal current element
14

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Source point
Field point
Point P
Question:
15

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Biot-Savart law
Direction: Use
J. ManuelRHR.
Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14
16
28

17
28

Example:
Seatwork (0.5 pt)
18
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Source point
Field point
Point P
Biot-Savart law
19
28

Objectives
1. Evaluate the magnetic field vector at any point in space due to
a straight current-carrying conductor
2. Use superposition principle to calculate the magnetic field
due to one or more straight wire conductors
20
28

Question:
What is the magnetic
field at point P?
21

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At all points on a circle of radius r around a long,

straight current-carrying wire, the magnitude B is
radius r
For a long, straight, current-carrying

conductor only
22
28

Example:
Three long, straight conducting wires each carry a current I
in the direction shown. What is the magnitude and direction
of the resulting magnetic field at point P?
23
28

Seatwork (0.5 pt):

Four, long, parallel power line each carry 100-A currents. A
cross-sectional diagram of these lines is a square, 20.0 cm
on each side. What is the direction of the net magnetic
field at the center of the square?
24
28

Objective
1. Calculate the force per unit length on a current-carrying wire
due to the magnetic field produced by other currentcarrying wires
25
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The lower conductor produces a

magnetic field that, at the position of
the upper conductor, has magnitude
The magnetic force that this field

exerts on a length L of the upper
conductor is
26

28
I
Lower conductor produces a

magnetic field in this portion.
Magnitude:
Direction:
The magnetic force experienced by the segment having length L on the

upper conductor is
Magnitude:
Direction:
downward
27

28
I
Lower conductor produces a

Magnitude:
Direction:

upper conductor is
Magnitude:
Direction:
downward
28

28

lower conductor is
Magnitude:
Direction:
I
I
upward
Upper conductor produces a

Magnitude:
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 Direction:
29

28

lower conductor is
Magnitude:
Direction:
I
I
upward
Upper conductor produces a

Magnitude:
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 Direction:
30

28
I
Conclusion:
Two long, parallel, current-carrying conductors attract if

the currents are in the same direction.
Newtons 3rd law? Yes!
31

28
Conclusion:
Two long, parallel, current-carrying conductors

attract if the currents are in the same direction.
Two long, parallel, current-carrying conductors repel
if the currents are in the opposite direction.
32

28
Force per unit Length

upper conductor
lower conductor
Applicable for any two long, parallel,

current-carrying conductors
33

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Example:
Equation to be used:
34
28

Seatwork (0.5 pt):
35
28

Objective
1. Evaluate the magnetic field vector at any point along the axis
of a circular current loop
36
28

Question:
Apply Biot-Savart law.
37
28

Question:
Magnitude:
(on the axis of a circular loop)

Direction:
Use:
38
28

For a coil consisting of N loops, all with the

same radius a,
(on the axis of N circular loops)
At the center of the coil (x = 0):
(at the J.center

NSemcircular
loops)
Manuel Physicsof
72 2nd
AY13-14
39

28
What we have right now:
In general:
For N = 1:
(on the axis of a circular loop)

For N > 1:
(on the axis of N circular loops)

40
28

Example:
Consider a circular conducting loop with radius 10 cm lying
in the yz-plane centered at the origin. It carries current I =
1.5 A directed in the counterclockwise direction as viewed
from the +x-axis.
What is the magnitude and direction
of the magnetic field at the origin?
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28

Example:
Apply Biot-Savart law.
42
28

Objective
1. Use Amperes law to calculate magnetic fields for highly
symmetric current configurations
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Amperes Law
44
28

Example:
45
28

Seatwork (0.5 pt):

Which of the following statements is correct about line integral
along paths A, B and C?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The line integral along path A is positive.

The line integral along path B is positive.
The line integral along path C is positive.
The line integral along paths A and B is the
same.
E. The line integral along paths A, B and C are
the same.
46
28

47
28

48
28

49
28

Example:
50
28

Note:
N: number of turns
L: length
n = N/L
51
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52
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Example:
Consider two very long solenoids S1 and S2. S1 has N
number of loops and length L while S2 has 2N number of
loops and length 2L. If these solenoids are connected in
series to an emf source, compare the relative magnitudes of
the magnetic field (BS1 and BS2) inside the two solenoids.
53

Sources of Magnetic Field: 1 J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

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28

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic forces arise in two stages:

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic forces arise in two stages:

1. A distribution of electric charge at rest creates an electric field

on any other charge q

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

on any other charge q

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity

Direction: Use RHR.

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Point Charge with Constant Velocity

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Seatwork (0.5 pt):

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Current Element

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Magnetic Field of a Current Element

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Seatwork (0.5 pt)

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

At all points on a circle of radius r around a long,

For a long, straight, current-carrying

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Seatwork (0.5 pt):

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

The lower conductor produces a

The magnetic force that this field

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14

Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge

Lower conductor produces a

The magnetic force experienced by the segment having length L on the