Design of Slab

14 ft

10 in
9 in
1ft

G2

4.0 ft

8.0 ft
16 ft

General Data
Dimensions
Total Span =
Clear Span =
Total Width of Bridge =
Width of Curb at Top =
Width of Curb at Bottom =
Height of Curb =
Clear Width =
Width of Girder, b =
C/C Spacing between Girders, L =
Thickness of Wearing Coat =

35
32
16
10
12
9
14
21
8
3

ft
ft
ft
in
in
in
ft
in
ft
in

Materials
Density of Concrete =
Density of Wearing Coat =
Wt. of both Railings =

150
144
224

lb/ft3
lb/ft3
lb/ft

Slab Design
Clear Span, S =
Slab Thickness, t =

6
9

ft
in

Dead Loads on Slab/ft

Wt. of Wearing Coat =
Self Wt. of Slab =
Wt. of both Railings =
Wt. of both Curbs =
UDL due to Curbs and Railings =
Total UDL on Span, W =

0.036
0.113
0.224
0.275
0.031
0.18

k/ft2
k/ft2
k/ft
k/ft
k/ft2
k/ft2

Dead Load Moment

MDL = WL2/8 =

0.81

k-ft/ft

a) Class A Loading
Max. Wheel Load =
Impact Factor, I = 50/(L + 125) =

12.5
0.38

k
Use 0.30

Live Load Moments

Method # 1
ML = (S+2)/32 * P =

3.125

k-ft/ft

Live Loads on Slab/ft

G1

4.0 ft

LL Moment including Impact, ML =

4.063

k-ft/ft

Method # 2
ML = 0.25*P/E * S * I
E = 0.35*S + 2.6 =
ML =

4.7
5.186

k-ft/ft

Max. Bending Moment, ML =

5.186

k-ft/ft

b) NLC Loading
Max. Wheel Load =
Impact Factor, I = 50/(L + 125) =

22.18
0.38

k
Use 0.30

Live Load Moments

Method # 1
M = (S+2)/32 * P =

5.545

k-ft/ft

LL Moment including Impact, ML =

7.209

k-ft/ft

Method # 2
ML = 0.25*P/E * S * I
E = 0.35*S + 2.6 =
ML =

4.7
9.202

k-ft/ft

9.202

k-ft/ft

Design Live Load Bending Moment

MLL =
9.202

k-ft/ft

Design Moment on the Slab

M = MDL + MLL =

k-ft/ft

Max. Bending Moment, ML =

10.012

Effective Depth required

dmin reqd. = M/b*K
Flexural Resistance Factor, K =
dmin reqd. =
Total Depth requied
hreqd. =

225
6.67

in

8.17

in

1.44

in

Required Area of Steel

As = M/(a*d)
a=

Less than the assumed, OK

As =
Use

0.93
6

Distribution Steel
Asd = 220/S =

in c/c at top and bottom

89.81 %
Use 67 %

Asd =
Use

in2

0.62
@

in2
in c/c at top and bottom

Check for Wheel at Edge

Cantilever Moment
LL + Impact = P/E * x * I
where x = Distance of Load to point of Support
x=
0.79
ft
Cantilever Moment =
4.847 k-ft
Hence the Edge is OK

Design of Girder
Maximum Span =
No. of Diaphragm =
Height of Girder below Slab =
Width of Girder, b =
28 days Cylinder Strength of Concrete, fc' =
Allowable Stress in Steel, fs =

34
3
4.5
21
3000
20000

ft
ft
in
psi
psi

Dead Load Moment

Self Wt. of Girder =
Wt. of Slab =
Wt. of Wearing Coat =
Wt. of Curb and Railing =

1.181
0.9
0.252
0.25

k/ft
k/ft
k/ft
k/ft

Total Dead Load on Girder/ft =

2.583

k/ft

Dead Load Moment

MDL = WL2/8 =

373.28

k-ft

1.668

times wheel load

Live Load Moments

Maximum Reaction in a Girder =
a) Class A Loading
Total Wt. on the Span =
Position of Center of Gravity =

71
0.15

k
ft from the rare Axle of the truck
towards the trailor.

Reaction at the Support, R =

35.343

Maximum Bending Moment

M=

411.18

k-ft

Impact factor, I = 50/(L + 125) =

Use

0.31
0.3

Maximum bending Moment in one Girder including Impact factor

Mmax =
445.801 k-ft
b) NLC Loading
Total Wt. on the Span =

68.09

Position of Center of Gravity =

5.55

ft from the rare Axle of the truck

towards the Trailer.

Reaction at the Support, R =

28.488

Maximum Bending Moment

M=

405.242 k-ft

Maximum bending Moment in one Girder including Impact factor

Mmax =
439.363 k-ft
The Bending Moment for Class A Loading is more, MLL =
Design Moment
M = MDL + MLL =

445.801 k-ft

819.081 k-ft

Effective Depth required

dmin reqd. = M/b*K
Flexural Resistance Factor, K =

225

dmin reqd. =
Total Depth requied
hreqd. =

45.61

in

47.11

Less than the assumed, OK

10.53

in2

1.44

in

Main Reinforcement
As reqd. = M/(a*d) =
a=
Provide

14

bars

Maximum Shear for Girder

Dead Load Shear, VDL = WL/2 =

43.915

Class A Loading
Shear, V =

56.765

Including Impact, VLL =

73.795

NLC Loading
Shear, V =

60.123

Including Impact, VLL =

78.16

The Live Load Shear for NLC Loading is more, VLL =

Design Shear, V = VDL + VLL =

122.075 kips

Shear Intensity =

107.65

psi

Shear Capacity for Concrete

Vc = 1.1 fc' =

60.249

psi

Shear Stirrups are required

78.16

Provide #

4
4
legged stirrups
Spacing = Av*fs/((V-Vc)*b)
=
16
in

Check Bond Stresses

Maximum Bond Stress with
P of
14
#

14
8

# 8
bars =

43.98

Maximum Bond Stress = V/(P*j*d)

=

57.113

psi

Allowable Stress = 4.8* fc' / D

= 262.907 psi
Allowable Stress > Maximum Bond Stress, OK

bars
in

Checking the Design as a T-Beam

Slab Thickness, t =
Width of Web, b =

9
21

in
in

96
9

Width of Flange
bw = Least of
i ) 16t + b
=
165

in

ii ) 1/4 Span
=

102

in

iii ) c/c of Rib

=

96

in

Adopt bw =
Assume

21
(All Dimensions are in Inches)
96

14

in
# 8

As =

10.53

bars are provided

in2

Check the Concrete and Steel Stresses

Allowable Stress in Steel, fs =
Allowable Stress in Concrete, fc = 0.4fc' =
Modular Ratio, n =

k=

j=

mAs
b*t
mAs
b*t

+
+

20000
1200
9.2

t
2*d
1

mAs =
b*t

0.256

k=

0.271

in

1 - k - 2*t/3*d * t/d
2*k - t/d
j=

0.928

Maximum Stress in Steel

fs =

in

M
j*d*As
19159

psi

OK

psi
psi

Maximum Stress in Concrete

fc =
fs * k
n (1 - k)
=

774

psi

OK

Design of Diaphragm
No. of Diaphragms, ND =
Center to center spacing of Diaphragms =
Simple Span of the Diaphragms =
Width of Diaphragm, W D =
Depth of Diaphragm, HD =

3
17
8

ft
ft

in

3.5

ft

Bending Moments
Due to Dead Load
Self Wt. of Slab =
Wt. of Wearing Coat =

0.113
0.036

k/ft2
k/ft2

0.149

k/ft2

2.900

kips

Self Weight of the Diaphragm =

2.188

kips

Total D.L. on the Span of the Diaphragm, W =

5.088

kips

Bending Moment at Mid Span, MDL = WL/8 =

5.088

kips-ft

Total =
Weight of Deck Slab transferred to the
Diaphragm by trapezoidal distribution =

Due to Live Load

Class A Loading
The Placement of wheels of class A Loading for maximum Mid span bending
moments in the diaphragm shall be as shown in the diagram below: 3k

12.5k

10.5ft
17

7.5k

12.5k

4ft
ft

14ft
17

Live Load Reaction at the center of the span of the diaphragm = W

W=
23.824 kips

NLC Loading
The Placement of wheels of NLC Loading for maximum Mid span bending
moments in the diaphragm shall be as shown in the diagram below: -

ft

(Wheel Loads)

22.19k

11.86k

15.92
17

(Wheel Loads)

ft
17

Live Load Reaction at the center of the span of the diaphragm = W

W=
22.943 kips
Load to be used, W =

23.824

kips

Bending Moment at Mid Span, MLL = WL/4 =

47.647

kips-ft

Live Load Impact Factor =

Live Load moment Including impact =

0.3
61.941

kips-ft

67.029

kips-ft

Class A Loading produces the Maximum Reaction

Design of Reinforcement
Design Bending Moment, M = MDL + MLL =

Effective Depth required

dmin reqd. = M/b*K
Flexural Resistance Factor, K =

225

dmin reqd. =

21.14

in

22.64

in

a=

1.44

in

Asreqd. =

1.15

in2

Total Depth requied

hreqd. =

Main Reinforcement
As reqd. = M/(a*d)

Provide

bars

Design for Shear

Maximum Shear for Diaphragm
Dead Load Shear, VDL = DL/2 =

2.544

Less than the assumed, OK

Class A Loading
Shear, V =

39.738

Including Impact, VLL =

51.659

NLC Loading
Shear, V =

38.270

Including Impact, VLL =

49.751

The Live Load Shear for Class A Loading is more, VLL =

Design Shear, V = VDL + VLL =

54.203

kips

Shear Intensity =

161.318

psi

Shear Capacity for Concrete

Vc = 1.1 fc' =

60.249

psi

Shear Stirrups are required

Provide #

4
2
legged stirrups
Spacing = Av*fs/((V-Vc)*b)
=
10
in

51.659

(Wheel Loads)

uces the Maximum Reaction