* HINH HOC KHONG GIAN
Bai 1: Cho hinh chop $.ABCD cé day ABCD [a hinh binh hanh, AB =a, AC= a3 , BC=
2a. Tam giée SBC can tai S, tam gidc SCD vudng tai C. Tinh thé tich khoi chop SABCD, biét
khoang cach tir D dén mat phing (SBC) bing
| AC = a3 AD = 2a
ic ACD vuéng tai C.
‘ia $ trén (ABCD), E la
trung diém BC => BC vigée (SEH)
Ta c6 DC vigee DC vigse
ce)
Mit khdc: DC w/géc CA
=> Hthuge AC.
Xét Ug/vudng CEH:
AB_a_l
sinC = —=—=—
BC 2a 2
=> HEC = 30° bist EC =a
a 2a
Suy ra: EH = £,cH ==4,
uy $ 5
2a
AH = AC-CH =av3
WB
_ 3
V3 3
Goi 1 la giao diém cia AD voi (SEH), trong t/gidc SIE, ké IK v/géc SE. Do t/giac ATH 1a nita
. B
Ugide déu, 6 AH = a3 = IH= oF ay -8 =$
= IE =1H+HE= 4a wi
6° 3.2
IK LSE
Mat khéc: et = IK 1 (SBC). Do as: d(D,(SBC))=d(AD,(SBC))
as
=d(J,(SBC)) = 1K =>
(1(s80)) ==
TE? -IK*
6 _2avis
* 1s 1S
v.
:
2aVi5 oa _2N5.a
45 15
NH - 378-135Vay thé tich khéi chop SABCD ban;
Bai 2: Cho hinh chép SABC e6 diy ABC [a tam gide vudng cin (AB = BC= 1) va ede canh
bén SA = SB = SC = 3. Goi K, L lan lugt la trung diém cia AC va BC, Trén canh SA, SB lan
lugt lay cac diém M, N sao cho SM = BN = 1. Tinh Vimnx.
G
Ta 06: Viaae = Vaees (1)
Lay diém E trén SA sao cho
2
‘ex (3) (1)s(2),(3) > Va
Vows =V
1BK1, , _1
“726 sacV sac = 75K Suse
. 1 , KS
= View ‘sanc} Vane = SK Sac
144
Bai 3: Cho hinh chép S.ABCD cé day ABCD 1a hinh vuéng canh a, tam gidc SAB déu va tam
SCD vudng tai S.
1) Tinh theo a thé tich khéi chopS. ABCD.
2) Cho M la diém thuge during thing CD sao cho BM vudng géc céi SA. Tinh AM theo a.
3) Tinh khoang cach gitta hai duéng thing AB va SC.
GIA
1) OSAB 1a tgide aéu, canh a. Goi I, J Lin luot la vdiém AB, CD
AB LIS|
=> AB | (SII) = (ABCD) 1 (SL) theo g/tuyén 17
SB typ 28 (SEP) (ABCD) 1 (SU)
Goi H la hichiéu v/gée cia $ trén IJ => SH v/gée (ABCD)
cD
Tam gide SCD co SJ = =£
2 2
su
SIST
la tam giéc vuéng tai S=> SH =
iW
a
4
NH - 378-1352) Goi P la tr/diém AS
=> SA vigéc BP (Ugiée SAB déu)
SA vigéc BM =>SA vigéc (BPM)
Goi P, Q lan lugt la tr/diém AS va
As
=> PQ Li dit/binh Ugiée ASI
=> SI// PQ. Mat khde, t/giée SAJ 06:
SP +SP a+
4
2
<< = AJ? = ASI vusng tai S
=> AS vigée SI => AS vig6e PQ
: AS vigée BP (\igide SAB |
> AS vigéc (BPQ) => AS vigée BQ, lic dé M Ia giao diém BQ vi CD.
a
ADM c6: AM = AD?
3) AB va SC 1a 2 d/thang chéo nhau.
Ta 06: AB// CD <(SCD) = AB//(SCD);SC (SCD) = d(AB,SC)
= d(AB,(SCD))=d(I,(SCD)) Theo edu (1) IS vigéc SJ va AB vigée (SU), AB // CD
nén
CD vigée (SII) => CD vigée IS, Tir dé IS vigde (SCD) => IS = d (1, (SCD) =
av3
Vay d(AB, SC) = SI= >
Bai 4: Cho hinh chép S.ABCD c6 déy ANCD a hinh vudng véi AB = 2a, Tam gidc SAB
vudng tai S, mp(SAB) | mp(ABCD). Biét géc tao béi duémg thing SD va mp(SBC) bing @
véi
(SBD) theo a.
sing = = Tinh Vs ancy va khoang cach tir C di
GIAL:
(SAB) L (ABCD), BC 1 AB
=> BC 1(SAB)=> BCLSA,ma
SA LSB=> SAL (SBC)
Goi d la k/each tir D dén (SBC)
SD
= d=SDsin p ==
Mat khée: AD // (SBC) => d (D(SBC))=
SD
D(A, BO) > d= SA—> SA= =
NH - 378-135Do AD // BC => AD v/géc SA. Xét tam giée SAD vudng tai A c6 AD = 2a va
SA’ + AD? = SD* & SA° + 4a’ =9SA° = SA= “ => SB = AB’ -SA°
7
elaae 24 vit
2
Ké SH w/g6c AB tai H => SH v/géc (ABCD). Trong U/g/vuéng SAB co
av2 avi4
SASB 9 1 1
su- sy 5458 __2 7 oy, SHS spcp = aT ag:
Thay vao (1) ta durge: a(C,(SBD)) ==
Bai 5: Cho hinh chép tir gidc $.ABCD o6 day ABCD 1a hinh chit nhit, SA vung géc vai day.
G a trong Lim tam gide SAC, mat phing (ABG) cat91 SC tai M, c&t SD tai N. Tinh thé tich
cita khéi da dign MNABCD, biét SA = AB = a va géc hop béi duéng thing AN va mp(ABCD)
bang 30°.
GIAI:
Tam giac SAC cé G la trong tam. Goi O 1a
. . . SG_2
gidiém 2 d/chéo AC va BD => —=—
SO 3
G ciing la trong tim Ugiae SBD.
Goi M,N lan lugt g/diém cia AG véi SC, BG
véi SD => M, N lin lugt 18 trung diém SC va
SD. Ta c6:
Mo 1 (ABCD)
V =Viypour + Vecop (voi P,Q lin lugt 1a trung:
diém AB va CD)
NH - 378-135Bai 6: Cho hinh ling try ABC.A’B’C’ c6 A’.ABC la hinh chép tam gide déu, canh bén A’A
tao véi day mét géc 30°, Tinh thé tich khdi chép A’.BB'C’C, biét khoang cach gita AA’ va
3
BC cing vigée
v6i AM va A’O nén BC vigée
(A’AM). Ké MH vigée A’A, do
BC wigéc (A’AM) => BC vigéc
HM, tir dé suy ra HM 1a doan wigée
chung ciia AA va BC
2 ABC déu cé AM la vtuyén, d/cao nén => AB =a
} Ugide A’AO ciing la nita /gide déu,
Géc tao béi SC va mp(SAB) bing 30°, Goi E la trung diém ca BC,
1) Tinh Vs ancp
2) Tinh d(DE, SC) theo a.
3) Tinh d(A, (SBD))
GIAI:
1)CB ciing v/g6e AB, $A => CB vigéc (SAB) => SB Ia h/chiéu v/géc cia SC Ién (SAB)
(s¢,(s4B)) =[st, sa) = @sB =30° = tan30° = Gow Saba a
NH - 378-1352) Te Cké CL//DE > Ce =I $
Va DE // (SCI)
(DE, SC) = d (DE, (SCD)
Tir A ké AK v/géc Cl, ca tai H, edt Cl
tai K , do Cl cing g/gde SA va AK nén Cl
vigée (SAK). Trong (SAK), ta ké HT
vigéc SK => HT vigéc (
Lie dé: d (DE,(SCI) =
»)
(H,(SCD) = HT
CD.AL
Ta 06: S yey
_3yS.a
5
HK _DI
AK Al
AKI: HDi! KI>
sinSk4= 27 _ 54, yp
HK SK
3) AC(\BD =0;BD 1 AC,BD 1 SA=> BD 1 (SAO)
AM 1 SO= AM =d(A,(SBD)) > 1 1. 1
A AO? AS?
sty ts
(2) (way 2#
2
v2 _ avo
Vs 5
BAi 8: Cho hinh chép S.ABCD c6 déy ABCD 1a hinh chi nhat, AB = 2a, tam gide SAB cén tai
S va nam trong mat phang vuéng géc voi mat phing (ABCD). Goi M la trung diém cia SD,
mp(ABM) vu6ng géc ci mp(SCD) va dung thing AM vudng géc véi duémg thing BD. Tinh
Vs.ncm Va khoang cach tir M dén mp(SBC).
GIAI
Goi H la vdiém AB => SH v/g6c AB => SH v/géc (SABD). M a vdiém SD, (ABM) chtta AB
=> (ABM) cit (SCD) theo g/tuyén ML // CD, véi L la t/diém SC. Goi N li vdiém CD, do BC
cing v/gée BA va SH nén BC v/géc (SBH) => BC v/géc SB. Tam gide SCD can tai $ vi c6
SN vita la d/cao, d/vtuyén . ML 1a d//binh => ML // CI
Ta c6: SN v/gée ML (1) (vi CD w/géc (SHN), ML // CD)
Theo dé: (SCD) v/gée (ABML) theo giao tuyén ML (2)
Tir (1), (2) suy ra SN v/géc (ABML) => SN v/géc KH (vi KH chita trong (ABML)
Vay AM
NH - 378-135Tam gidc SHN c6é HK 1a d/cao, d/t/tuyén
=> SHN la t/gide v/cén tai H.
Theo dé: AM v/géc BD, BD v/goc ME
(vi ME // SH, SH v/g6c mp day)
=> BD v/géc (AMN).=> BD v/géc AN
Trong t/gidc vuéng ADN:
pn? = rvA=“4 a
3
=> NA=\3.DN = av3
AD =VAN*— DN? =\3a a"
= ay2 = HN = SH =HN =aV2
3
havi Na? +2a°
Bai 9: Cho hinh chép S.ABCD c6 @éy ABCD [a hinh vudng canh a, tam gide SAB déu va
SAD =90",J1a trung: diém SD, Tinh theo a thi ‘h tir dign ACDJ va khoang cach tir D dén
mat phing (ACJ).
GIA:
Do DA vigéc AB,DA w/géc AS nén
DA vigéc (SAB)
=> 2 mp (SAB) va (ABCD) v/géc véi nhau theo
g/tuyén AB. Goi I 1a v/diém AB thi
SI v/géc AB => SI v/géc (ABCD). Do J la
vdiém SD -> d (J, (ABCD))
= =.d(S,(ABCD))= 551 =
(do t/gidc SAB déu canh a)
, 1 -)
Veo =Vncp =$A(I(ABCD)) Sen
NH - 378-135Tinh d (D, (ACJ):
3V, B
Do d (D, (ACI) = YS 3 v6i Vinge =Voncn = oS Ta edn tinh Syyc, SAD la Ugiée
acd
1
wen ti A 66 AT 1A Utuyén => AJ = > SD =—=3AC = ay2; tigiée SBC viean tai B
2
=> SC= a2. Trong tigiie CDS 6 $I la vtuyén
> CS4CD S
cpa PS 4CD SD _ 2a’ ta’ 2a”
2 4 2 4
JA +JC° = AC
2JAIC
a2 V7 _ a7
“2 “32 8
she 8 _ 21a
2a NT 7
BAi 10: Cho hinh chép S.ABCD c6 sae a SA to v6i diy géc 60°, Tam giée ABC vudng tai
B, ACB =30" . Goi G la trong tém cia tam gide ABC, hai mit phing (SGB) va (SGC) cing
vuéng géc voi mat day. Tinh theo a thé tich cia khéi chop S.ABC va khoang cach tir diém C
dén mp(SAB).
GIAT:
(SGB) va (SGC) cing v/gse mp day nén
SG v/gée mp diy => SAG = 60". Goi lla
udiém BC, ta c6:
Se= FAsCsin J =
Tir dé ta tinh duge: d (D,(ACJ)) =
Sa=3a= AG
sco
=> AC =2x,BC =xN3
vABI : AI” = AB? + BI’
NH - 378-135Vé GK // CB; Keap> AG 2,
#Ké GH 1 SK;H SK => GH 1 (SAB)=> GH =d(G,(SAB))
1 1 gg 142832
>= Tea
GH GK? GS?_9@21 27a 9.3.70 2a*
= oy = 3008 sav
4/2 8
# Mat Khac:
d(C,(S4B)) CE
a(G,(SAB)) GE
vay: d(C,(SAB))=3 a(G,(s48))=3°6
C&ch 2: Dya vio cach 1, tinh duge
243a° 28
112 27.06
=> d(C,(S4B))=
Baill:
Goi O= AC] BD
Do hai mp (SAC) va (SBD) cing vudng géc véi
(ABCD)
=> SO | (ABCD)
* Goi M [a trung diém AB, I 1a trung diém AM. DO.
tam gide ABC la tam gide déu canh a,
nén CM LAB, O1 | AB
NH - 378-135oM=
20° 4
, ABLOI
AB 1 SO.
Nén S/O = 30° (g6c gitta 2 mp (SAB) & (ABCD)
fs 48 (801) AB LST
* Tam gide vung SOI, 10
1 la
SI=Vsasco= = SOS spep ==>".
sasco 5 Heo 3g :
2: Goi H 1a hinh chiéu vudng géc ciia $ lén (ABCD), M la trung diém AB va do tam giéc
AB LSM
AB 1 SH
Bi
SAB can tai $ nén {
=> AB | (SMH)
. (Sai(ascp)) = SAH = 45° => SA=SHN2
+ ((84b),(4zcp)) = (1, azr) = Se = 60°
2
=> SM=SH.——
3
* Tit N ké NP_LSM thi NP la doan vuéng gée chung ciia hai
dung thing CD va SA.
=> NP= av
* Tam gide vuéng NPM la nita tam gide du
=> NP= a2, MN=2aV2 2
=> AB=MN= 2av2
* Trong tam gide vuéng SMA: SM? + MA? = SA?
(2 2 2 2 s
(js) +(av2) =(v2s77)
=
(5 Voy2 92 2
| 2-< |sH? =2a* => SH? =
3
Viy Vase 55H S
‘asco =>
3
Qua A ké duong thing song song véi BN, cat CB tai
E
Goi H= AB/)EN. Ké MHI/SA.
NH - 378-135Suy ra MH_L (ABCD) = MH 1a duéng cao cia hinh chép M.ANBE. Ta 6 MH =
a3
ve
2 2
1 1
Sanaz = 2Sapn = Mu Sance= 3 MH.28au
Taeics am = 95 3 as + AB =pta=a
AE=BN=aV2
cBL(SAB)=CBLSB
Suy ra tam giéc SBE vuéng tai B= ME =V BE* + BM? =a? +a’
Li avT_ avi
2
Tam gide EMA cin ai E—>S =
2
4
van cca} => d(BN,AM)=d(BN,(AME))=d(N,(AME))
V
MANBE
S
AM
Vay d(AM, BN) =
av21
7
Cach 2: (Phuong phap toa 46):
A(0;0;0); B(a:0;0); $(0;0; a3 ) ; N(0;a:0) > M [:
zw 3 5
am -[ | $(1:0:v3)
BN =(-a;a;0) = -a(1;-1;0)
AM qua A(0;030), m, =(150;V/3)
BN qua B@;0;0), # =(1;-150)
AB =(a;0;0)
NH - 378-135BAi 14: Cho hinh chép S.ABCDcé déy ABCD 1a hinh thoi canh a. Géc
BAC = 60°, hinh chiéu vuéng géc cia dinh S trén mat phing (ABCD) tring voi
trong tam cia tam gide ABC. Mat phang (SAC) hgp véi mat phing (ABCD) mét gc
60°, Tinh theo a thé tich ciia khéi chép S.ABCD va khodng cach tit diém B dén mat
phing (SCD)
GIA)
* Tinh thé tich cia khéi chop S.ABCD.
+ Goi h la trong tam tam gide ABC, O [a giao
diém cita hai duéng chéo AC va BD
+ Theo dé, suy ra: SH 1 (ABCD), tam gide ABC
Li tam gide du canh a,
so-vo-8;Ho-180
2 3 6
AC LOB
~ => AC 1(SBO)= AC 1 SO
AC LSH
> SOB = 60° (g6c giita 2 mp(SAC) va(ABCD)).
v3
6
+ SHO la ntta tam gidc déu, bist HO.
=> SH = HO. B=8
S4BcD
* Vay thé tich cia khéi
. 1
¥s.apco = 3545 sgcp
322 12
* Tinh khodng cach tir diém B én mat phing (SCD).
+ Trong mat phang (SBD), ké OE // SH, ta c6:
3a_3a
OF PO _3 og
SH DH 4 4
+ Trong mat phing (OCD), ké OF OF | CD=> CD 1(£OF).
+ Trong tam giéc EOF vuéng tai O, ké Of L EF > OI 1(ECD)
+ Vi O la trung diém BD, (ECD) =(SCD) = d(B,(SCD)) = 2d(0,(SCD)) = 201
1644 4. 4 112
6a
* Vay d(B,(SCD))=201 =
ay a(B,(scb))~201= 5
NH - 378-135