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Phuong Phap Don Bien PDF
Phuong Phap Don Bien PDF
x2 + y2
,
2
Kt lun: f ( x , y, z ) 0
Ch : i vi cc bt ng thc ng bc ta c th lm cho chng n gin hn bng cch chun ha cc
bin trong bt ng thc trc khi thc hin hai bc.
(1)
Li gii.
CCH 1: Thc hin dn bin theo TBC
Bc 1:
(1) x + y + z 3 xyz 0
f ( x , y, z ) = x + y + z 3 xyx . Ta chng minh: f ( x , y, z ) 0
3
Ta c:
Xt biu thc
(2)
x+y
, ta s chng minh:
2
f ( x , y, z ) f ( t , t, z )
(3)
d = f ( x , y, z ) f ( t , t, z )
= x + y + z 3 3 xyz 2t + z 3 3 t 2 z
= x + y+3
M t =
t 2 z 3 xyz
x+y
t 2 xy 3 t 2 z 3 xyz 0 nn d 0
2
Bc 2: Chng minh f ( t, t, z ) = 2t + z 3 3 t 2 z 0
Tht vy:
( 4 ) 2t + z 3
(4)
3
t 2 z ( 2t + z ) 27t 2 z 0
2
( t z ) ( 8t + z ) 0
Kt lun: f ( x , y, z ) 0
(ng)
Ta c:
Xt biu thc
(1) x + y + z 3 xyz 0
f ( x , y, z ) = x + y + z 3 xyx . Ta chng minh: f ( x , y, z ) 0
3
(2)
(3)
d = f ( x , y, z ) f ( t , t, z )
= x + y + z 3 3 xyz 2t + z 3 3 t 2 z
= x + y 2t
M t = xy 2t x + y x + y 2t 0 nn d 0
Bc 2: Chng minh f ( t, t, z ) = 2t + z 3 3 t 2 z 0
Tht vy:
( 4 ) 2t + z 3
(4)
3
t 2 z ( 2t + z ) 27t 2 z 0
2
( t z ) ( 8t + z ) 0
Kt lun: f ( x , y, z ) 0
(ng)
Ta c:
Xt biu thc
x+y
, ta s chng minh:
2
f ( x , y, z ) f ( t , t, z )
(2)
(3)
x+y
th (*) vn tha
2
d = f ( x , y, z ) f ( t , t, z )
Xt hiu:
= 1 27 xyz 1 27t 2 z
= 27 t 2 z xyz
x+y
t 2 xy xyz t 2 z nn d 0
2
Chng minh f ( t, t, z ) = 1 27t 2 z 0
M t =
Bc 2:
(4)
x = y
1
Vi iu kin (*) th ng thc xy ra
x=y=z=
3
3t = 1
Vy trong trng hp tng qut ng thc xy ra x = y = z 0
Kt lun: f ( x , y, z ) 0
(2)
(3)
Xt hiu:
d = f ( x , y, z ) f ( t , t, z )
= x + y + z 3 ( 2t + z 3 )
= x + y 2t
M t = xy x + y 2 xy = 2t x + y 2t 0 nn d 0
Bc 2: Chng minh f ( t, t, z ) 0
(4)
2
( t 1) ( 2t + 1) 0
1
Tht vy: f ( t, t, z ) = 2t + z 3 = 2t + 2 3 =
t
t2
x = y
Vi iu kin (*) th ng thc xy ra
x = y =1 x = y = z =1
t = 1
Vy trong trng hp tng qut ng thc xy ra x = y = z 0
Kt lun: f ( x , y, z ) 0
Th d 2. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a.b.c = 1 . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1
13
25
+ + +
(1)
a b c a + b + c +1 4
Li gii.
1 1 1
13
+ + +
.
a b c a + b + c +1
Thc hin dn bin theo TBN, ta s chng minh:
Xt biu thc f ( a, b, c ) =
f ( a, b, c ) f a, bc , bc
) = 1a + 1b + 1c + a + b13+ c + 1 a1 +
Chng minh f a, bc , bc
)(
13
25
4
(4)
(5)
t 3 3t + 2
2t 3 + 3t 2 1
+ 13
0
t
4 2t 3 + t 2 + 1
( t 1) ( t + 2 ) + 13 ( t 1) ( 2t 1) 0
4 2t 3 + t 2 + 1
( t 1) 8t 4 + 20t 3 18t 2 9t + 8 0
2
2
2
( t 1) 2 2t 2 1 + 5t ( 2t 1) + 2 5t 2 7t + 3 0
1
25
t t = bc vi 0 < t 1 , ta s chng minh: f 2 , t, t
t
4
1
2 2
13
2
13t 2
25
2
Ta c: f 2 , t, t = t + +
=t + + 3 2
t 1
t 2t + t + 1 4
t
+ 2t + 1
2
t
2
1
t2
2
t + 3 + 13 3 2
0
t
2t + t + 1 4
) (
nn d 0 f ( a, b, c ) f a, bc , bc
(3)
bc a + 2 bc + 1
1 1
2
1
1
= +
+ 13
bc
b c
a + b + c + 1 a + 2 bc + 1
2
1
13
= b c
bc
( a + b + c + 1) a + 2 bc + 1
1
Khng mt tnh tng qut, ta gi s a = max {a, b, c} , do abc = 1 bc 1
1
bc
Mt khc, theo bt ng thc AM-GM ta c:
13
13
13
=
<1
3
3
( a + b + c + 1) a + 2 bc + 1 3 abc + 1 3 abc + 1 16
Ta c: d = f ( a, b, c ) f a, bc , bc
Suy ra: f a, bc , bc
Kt lun: f ( x , y, z ) 0
25
4
) (
) (
= 2 2t 2 1 + 5t ( 2t 1) + 2 5t 2 7t + 3 0
Bi tp tng t
1. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng sao cho abc = 1 . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1
6
+ + +
5
a b c a+b+c
2. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng sao cho abc = 1 . Chng minh rng:
2
1
3
+
a + b + c 3 ab + bc + ca
3. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng sao cho abc = 1 . Chng minh rng:
( a + b )( b + c )( c + a ) + 7 5 ( a + b + c )