4.

2 SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PHASES

There are three major phases in a subsurface exploration program. These phases
are (1) planning the exploration program (office work), (2) completing a field
reconnaissance survey, and (3) performing a detailed site exploration program
(boring, sampling, and in-situ testing). Each phase should be planned so that a
maximum amount of information can be obtained at a minimum cost. Each phase
also adds to, or supplements, the information from the previous phase. Table 4-2
lists the purpose of each exploration phase.
4.2.1 Planning the Exploration Program (office work)
The purpose of this phase is to obtain information about the proposed structure and
general information on the subsurface conditions. The structural information can be
obtained from studying the preliminary structure plan prepared by the bridge design
office and by meeting with the structural designer. Approach embankment
preliminary design and performance requirements can be obtained from the roadway
office. General information about the subsurface conditions can be obtained from a
variety of sources listed in Table 4-3. The planning phase prepares the engineer
for the field reconnaissance survey, and identifies possible problems and
areas to scrutinize.
4.2.2 Field Reconnaissance Survey
The purpose of this phase is to substantiate the information gained from the office
phase and to plan the detailed site exploration program. The field reconnaissance for
a structure foundation exploration should include:
a. Inspection of nearby structures to determine their performance with the particular
foundation type used.
b. Inspection of existing structure footings and stream banks for evidence of scour
(for stream crossings) and movement. Large boulders in a stream are often an
indication of obstructions which may be encountered in pile installations.
c. Visual examination of terrain for evidence of landslides.
d. Recording of the location, type and depth of existing structures which may be
affected by the new structure construction.