1.

Title
Separating Mixture
2. Objectives
To separate liquid mixture by using physical properties of the compounds.
3. Theory Basis
A mixture is composed of two or more substances mixed together. Formation of mixture
only involves a physical change because no new substances are formed. Oil and water form
heterogenous mixture therefore it can be separated through their physical properties. The volume
of each liquid before and after the experiment should be the same.
4. Materials

25 ml of water
10 ml of cooking oil

5. Equipments

1 Separatory funnel
2 Graduated cylinder 25 mL.
1 Double clamp.
1 Statif.
1 Ring.
1 Drop pipet

6. Procedure
1.

First, separatory funnel is supported in a

ring and statip.

2.

Second, 10 mL of oil and 25 mL of water

are poured into separatory funnel.

3.

Then, the stopper is closed and separatory

funnel shaken.

4.

After that the mixture is left undisturbed

until the oil and water are totally separated.

5.

When they have separated, the stopper is

removed and a graduated cylinder is place under the tap of the separatory funnel.

Picture 1. The mixture have separated

6.

The tap is opened and the lower liquid will

drop.

7.

When the bottom liquid had overall

dropped, the tap is closed again and another graduated cylinder is place under the tap of
separatory funnel.

8.

Then, the tap is opened again to release the

upper liquid.

7. Results
Liquid
Water
Oil

Before
25 ml
10 ml

After
24.5 ml; place at the bottom
10.5 ml; place at the top

8. Discussion
Water and oil form a heterogenous mixture. Oil is not soluble in water because water is
polar molecules but oil is non-polar molecules. Only polar substance can dissolve in water. Oil
place at the top (upper the water) because it is less dense (0.9 g/ml) than water (1 g/ml).

Based on theory the volume of each liquid before and after the experiment should be the
same. In this experiment, the volume is different because there was remains of water in oil
therefore the volume of water decreased but oil increased

9. Conclusion
Mixture between oil and water is heterogenous and they can be separated because of their
polarity and density difference.
10. Question-Answer
1. What are the differences between oil and water?
The density of water is 1 g/ml but oil is 0.9 g/ml.
Water is colorless but oil is yellow browned.
The boiling point of water is 1000C but oil is 2000C.
Water is polar molecules but oil is non-polar molecules
2. Why did water and oil cannot be mixed?
Water is polar molecule means that only polar substance dissolves in polar solvent.
Oil is non polar substance so that it cannot be mixed with water.
3. What is the principle used to separate oil and water?
Polarity and density difference between oil and water.

1. Title
Salt Crystallization
2. Purpose
To separate soluble solid material in water by using physical properties of the compounds.
3. Theory Basis
Sea water is homogeneous mixture between water and salt meaning that it only involves physical
change. Salt is a soluble solid material in water therefore it can be separated by using their
physical properties.
4. Material

30 ml of water
5 gram of salt

5. Equipments

1 Beaker glass 100 ml

1 Porcelain basin
1 Spatula
1 Watch glass
1 Electric balance
1 Electric heater
1 Holder

6. Procedure:
1. First, salt is weighed by electric balance.
2. Second, 5 gram of salt and 30 ml of water are mixed in porcelain basin.

3. That mixture is stirred until the salts totally dissolve in water.

4. Then, the solution is boiled using electric heater.

Picture 1. The solution is boiled

5. The solution is boiled until water totally evaporated and only salt crystals remain in
porcelain basin.
6. After that, the salt crystals are weighed using electric balance.
7. Results:
Salt
Water

Before
5 gram
30 ml

After
4.86 gram
-

8. Discussion
Water and salt form a homogenous mixture. Salt crystal can be obtained from this mixture by
boiling the solution at 1000 C. At that temperature the water will evaporate until no more water
remain in the porcelain.
9. Summary
Salt solution is homogenous mixture. The salt can be obtained by boiling the solution.

10. Question-Answer
1. What are the sea water consisted of?
Water and salt
2. Why sodium chloride is available in sea water?
Sodium chloride (NaCl) originates from river and rain which bring many salt minerals
(one of them is NaCl) from land to sea. NaCl also originates from dissolved rock or
sediment below the sea floor. Not only that, the rock in the sea can be the sources of
sodium (Na) while gaseous material and atmosphere are the sources of chlorine (Cl).
Then, sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond which produce sodium chloride.
3. What is the principle used to separate salt from sea water?
Boiling point of water