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Reflectionless Filters With Arbitrary Transfer Functions
Reflectionless Filters With Arbitrary Transfer Functions
Reflectionless Filters With Arbitrary Transfer Functions
1 INTRODUCTION
to the resistive load Z0 and a lossy one-port circuit connected to the input port of the lossless one, in parallel.
The lossless circuit should have a singly-loaded transfer function equal to H (s ) V out (s) 2H (s ) A (s ) , in
T
V in (s)
B (s )
which A(s) and B(s) are known polynomials. Also, the
lossy circuit must be complementary of the lossless circuit
so that Y c (s ) Y (s ) Z 01 , where Y(s) is the input admittance of the lossless circuit and Yc(s) is the admittance of
the lossy circuit.
Z0
Vs
+
Y c(s)
V
(RLC) in
Zin(s)=Z0
+
Lossless (LC)
H(s)
Fig. 1 depicts the proposed configuration as a reflectionless filter terminated to resistor Z0 whose total transfer
function is H (s ) V out (s) 1 A (s ) while its input reflecT
V s (s) 2 B (s )
tion coefficient is zero, i.e. Zin=Z0. This configuration consists of two circuits; a lossless two-port circuit connected
Z0
Y(s)
3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Since the two-port circuit is assumed lossless, the following equation would be hold from equality of its input and
output powers, i.e. V in2 Re Y ( j ) V in2 | H ( j ) |2 / Z 0 .
Re Y ( j ) | H ( j ) |2 H ( j )H ( j )
Vout
(1)
M Y (s )
M C (s )M D (s) N C (s )N D (s)
A (s )A (s )
H (s )H (s )
D (s )D (s )
B (s )B (s )
(2)
where MX(s) and NX(s) are respectively the even and odd
parts of the corresponding polynomials C(s) or D(s).
According to (2), we will have the following equations
to find the unknown polynomials C(s) and D(s) for Y (s ) .
D (s ) B (s ) M B (s ) N B (s)
M C (s )M B (s) N C (s )N B (s) A (s )A (s )
(3)
(4)
Y c (s ) 1 Y (s )
E (s ) B (s ) C (s )
B (s )
B (s )
(5)
According to (1) and (5), the real part of the normalized complementary admittance versus frequency would
be as follows.
(6)
Re Y c ( j ) 1 Re Y ( j ) 1 | H ( j ) |2
0.491
. The normalized ads 3 0.988s 2 1.238s 0.491
mittances are obtained from the proposed methodology
H (s )
as
Y (s )
0.667 F
1.5 H
2F
0.5 H
1.33 F
0.75 H
a
b
Fig. 2 Realized circuits for Example 1, assuming Z0=1 . a) Lossless
circuit b) Lossy circuit.
H (s )
1
3
s 2s 2s 1
Y (s )
3
2
1 2s 2 4s 3
and Y c (s ) 1 3s 4s 2s .
3 s 3 2s 2 2s 1
3 s 3 2s 2 2s 1
Fig. 3 The voltages at input and output ports of the lossless circuit of
Example 1, versus frequency, assuming Vs=1.0 V and kf =106/2.
1.189 F 3.95 H
1.511 H
1.01 H
3.07 H
5.08 H
1.653
1.335 F
0.338 F
a
b
Fig. 4 Realized circuits for Example 2, assuming Z0=1 . a) Lossless
circuit b) Lossy circuit.
5 SOME POINTS
Fig. 5 The voltages at input and output ports of the lossless circuit of
Example 2, versus frequency, assuming Vs=1.0 V and kf =106/2.
0.52 F
0.833 H
0.167 H
0.48 F
1.383 H 0.048 F
2.84
4.59
a
b
Fig. 6 Realized circuits for Example 3, assuming Z0=1 . a) Lossless
circuit b) Lossy circuit.
1H
1F
1H
1F
1
a
b
Fig. 8 Realized circuits for Example 4, assuming Z0=1 . a) Lossless circuit b) Lossy circuit.
6 CONCLUSION
Fig. 7 The group delay and voltages at input and output ports of the
lossless circuit of Example 3, versus frequency, assuming Vs=1.0 V
and kT =250 10-9.
REFERENCES
Fig. 6 shows the realised circuits for these admittances.
Fig. 7 shows the group delay as well as the voltages at
input and output ports of the lossless circuit versus frequency obtained by HSPICE simulator, assuming Vs=1.0
V and applying a time scaling kT =250 10-9 or equivalently Tg = 250 nsec. . It is seen that the input voltage is constant and equal to 0.5Vs (the small existing variation is
related to finite precision of the elements values) which
means Zin=Z0 or the input reflection is zero.
Example 4: Consider a very simple bandpass filter of des
gree 2, whose transfer function is H (s )
. The
2
s s 1
normalized admittances are obtained from the proposed
2
s
methodology as Y (s )
and Y c (s ) s 1 .
s 2 s 1
s 2 s 1
Fig. 8 shows the realised circuits for these admittances.
This bandpass filter could be realized if the lowpass filter
with transfer function of degree 1, H (s ) 1 , is realized
s 1
at first and then the transformation s (s 2 1) / s is used.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
M. Khalaj-Amirhosseini was born in Tehran, Iran in 1969. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc and Ph.D. degrees from Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST) in 1992, 1994 and 1998 respectively, all in Electrical Engineering. He is currently a Full Professor at
College of Electrical Engineering of IUST. His scientific fields of interest are electromagnetic, microwaves and antennas.
A. Khalaj-Amirhosseini was born in Tehran, Iran in 1995. She is
currently is studying to get B.Sc. Degree from Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) in Electrical Engineering.