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RMO Solutions 2016
RMO Solutions 2016
RMO Solutions 2016
Time : 3 Hrs.
MATHEMATICS
Q.1
Sol.
Date : 16-10-2016
Let ABC be a triangle and D be the mid-point of BC. Suppose the angle bisector of ADC is tangent to the
circumcircle of triangle ABD at D. Prove that A = 90.
In the figure
B
x
D
x
x
A
E
ADE = ABD = x{Let} {angle in alternate segment}
ADE = EDC {DE if angle bisector}
In ABD
ADC = DBA + DAB {exterior angle prop.}
2x = x + CDAB
DAB = x
So, ABD is isos. Triangle
AD = BD
Also BD = DC and D is the mid point of BC
AD = DC
So DAC = DCA = y {Let}
In ABC
x + x + y + y = 180
x + y = 90
A = 90
Q.2
Sol.
Let a, b, c be the three distinct positive real numbers such that abc = 1. Prove that
a3
b3
c3
+
+
3.
(a b)(a c)
( b c)(b a )
(c a )(c b)
a3
b3
c3
+
+
3
(a b)(a c)
( b c)(b a )
(c a )(c b)
LHS
a 3 ( b c) b 3 (c a ) c 3 (a b)
(a b)(a c)(b c)
a 3 b a 3c b3c b3a c 3a c 3b
(a b)(a c)(b c)
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(a b)[a 2 b ab 2 ca 2 abc cb 2 c 3 ]
(a b)(a c)(b c)
(a b) (a c) [ab + b2 ca c2]
a+b+c
By A.M. G.M. ineq.
a bc
abc
a bc
1
3
a + b + c 3.
Q.3
a
c
e
<
< .
b
d
f
Given
a
c
e
<
<
b
d
f
(i)
and af be = 1
Since a, b, c, d, e are natural numbers so ad, bc, cf and de are also natural numbers.
From (i) ad < bc ad bc 1
(ii)
cf < de cf de 1
(iii)
bcf bde b
adf bde b f
b + f bde adf
b + f (be af).d
(iv)
Now af be = 1
be af = 1
By equation (iv) b + f d
db+f
Q.4
There are 100 countries participating in an olympiad. Suppose n is a positive integer such that each of the
100 countries is willing to communicate in exactly n languages. If each set of 20 countries can communicate
in at least one common language, and no language is common to all 100 countries, what is the minimum
possible value of n.
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Sol.
Let C1, C2, C3, C4 . C99, C100 are 100 different countries
L1, L2, L3, L4 . are different languages
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 .. C95, C96, C97, C98, C99, C100
(1) L1, L1, L1, L1, L1, .. L1
Sol.
Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with B = 90. Let I be the incentre of ABC. Extend AI and CI; let them
intersect BC in D and AB in E respectively. Draw a line perpendicular to AI at I to meet AC in J; draw a line
perpendicular to CI at I to meet AC in K. Suppose DJ = EK. Prove that BA = BC.
1
B
AIC = 90 +
2
A
K
E
45
I
B
So, AIC = 135
AIK = AIE = 45
In AIE and AIK
EAI = KAI {AI is angle bisector}
45
45
45
D
CAREER POINT : 128, Shakti Nagar, Kota - 324009 (Raj.), Ph: 0744-2503892
Sol.
(a) Given any natural number N, prove that there exists a strictly increasing sequence of N positive integers
in harmonic progression.
(b) Prove that there cannot exist a strictly increasing infinite sequence of positive integers which is in
harmonic progression.
(a) consider a decreasing A.P. for any natural number n
n n 1 n 2
2 1
,
, .. , ,
,
n! n!
n!
n! n!
n 1 n
1
Its common difference d =
=
n!
n!
So corresponding H.P. is
n! n!
n!
n!
,
,
, .
n n 1 n 2
1
n!
n!
Clearly
>
for every n
n 1
n
So it is an increasing H.P.
(b) Let a1, a2, a3 . is an increasing H.P. and all terms a1, a2, a3 .. are positive terms of H.P.
1
an =
1
( n 1)d
a1
Where d =
an =
1
1
1
1
a2
a1
a3
a2
1
now for
1
d nd
a1
1
a 1 (1 x)
the terms of H.P. will be negative hence there cannot exist a strictly increasing H.P. of infinite positive
integers.
d>
CAREER POINT : 128, Shakti Nagar, Kota - 324009 (Raj.), Ph: 0744-2503892
CAREER POINT : 128, Shakti Nagar, Kota - 324009 (Raj.), Ph: 0744-2503892