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Thebrain StructureandfunctionMCS5pages
Thebrain StructureandfunctionMCS5pages
and function
This information is an extract from the booklet Understanding
brain tumours. You may find the full booklet helpful. We can
send you a copy free see page 5.
Contents
Introduction
Main structures and functions of the brain
Types of brain cells
Primary and secondary brain tumours
Introduction
The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous
system (CNS). This is the control centre that coordinates the
bodys functions.
The brain is contained within the skull, which protects it.
Between the brain and the skull there are three layers of
membrane called the meninges (see diagram on page 2).
These completely cover the brain and spinal cord and help
to protect it. Between two of these layers is a space called
the subarachnoid space. This space contains a fluid called
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Bone
Subarachnoid
space
Brain
Meninges
Cerebrum
Bone
Pituitary gland
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Spinal cord
The brain
Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into four areas,
known as lobes:
Frontal lobe (see diagram opposite) controls thought,
memory, planning, problem solving and behaviour.
Parietal lobe is responsible for language, helping us
form words and thoughts. It also deals with touch and
how we recognise sensations, and helps us be aware of
our body position.
Temporal lobe helps us understand and process what
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Cerebellum
This is the back part of the brain and is concerned with
balance and coordination. These activities are carried out
automatically (subconsciously) by this area of the brain and
are not under a persons control.
Brain stem
This controls the basic functions that are essential for
maintaining life, including breathing, body temperature,
heart rate and blood pressure. It also controls eye movements
and swallowing. Its a very sensitive and important part of
the brain, and it connects the cerebral hemispheres to the
spinal cord.
Language
and touch
Thought,
memory and
behaviour
Visual
processing
Hearing, learning
and emotions
Balance and
coordination
Breathing,
heart rate and
temperature
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Pituitary gland
Just below the base of the brain is the pituitary gland. This is a
small gland that makes lots of different hormones that control
and regulate the other hormone-producing glands of the body.
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