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Class 11 and 12 Opt Nepali ..Com Nepali 11
Class 11 and 12 Opt Nepali ..Com Nepali 11
Class 11 and 12 Opt Nepali ..Com Nepali 11
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ljifo M P]lR5s g]kfnL
v08 M v
g]kfnL v08sfJo
v08sfJosf] kl/ro
c = v08sfJosf] kl/efiff
v08sfJo zAbsf] lgdf{0fv08 / sfJob'O{ zAbaLr ;df; e} ldn]/ ag]sf]
xf] .h;n] sfJosf] v08 eGg] a'emfpF 5 . sljtfsf] n3'td,n3' ,dWod ,a[xTt/
/ a[xTtd u/L kfFr e]b dWo] aLrsf] efu g} v08sfJo xf] .
o;nfO{ c\u|]hLdf nfdf] sljtf -long poem_ klg eGg] ul/G5 .
v08sfJo ;DaGwL s]xL kl/efiffx?
v08sfJo eg]sf] dxfsfJosf] Psb]zLo jf Psf+zLo :j?k xf] .
cfrfo{ ljZjgfy
sfJosf] Ps 6'qmfh:tf] 5f]6f] syfgsnfO{ >[\vlnt ?kdf aLr}af6 p7]/
aLr}df
6'\luPsf]
;u{aGwg,
;lGwaGwgx?
gePsf]
,5f]6f]
sfJonfO{ v08sfJo elgG5 .
;f]dgfy l;Ub]n
s'g} Ps ljifosf] cleJoSt lbg] ;u{ ePsf] jf gePsf] k|aGwfTds n3'sfJo g}
v08sfJo xf] .
g]kfnL
zAbsf]if
dfgj hLjgsf] sg} Ps kIfLo ljifoj:t' s'g} Ps /;sf dfWodaf6
cleJoSt x'g] sfljtfsf] demf}nf ?k g} v08sfJo xf] .
v08sfJosf] ljz]iftfx?
!= dfgj hLjgsf] s'g} Ps kIfsf] k|:t'lt KffOg' ,
@= v08sfJo Pp6} /;df cfwfl/t x'g'
#= Pp6f dfq d'n syfgs kfOg'
$= km'6s/
sljtf eGbf 7'nf] / dxfsfJo eGbf ;fgf] demf}nf cfsf/sf] x'g'
%= of] nofTds x'g' cflb .
v08sfJosf tTjx?
!= syfgs. syfj:t'
@= kfq. rl/q
#= kl/j]z
$= pb\b]Zo . s]lGb|o sYo
%= /; . efj
^=no
;'nf]rgf -@))#_
To:t} dxf/f0ff k|tfk-@)@$_, jgs';'d -@)@%_,k|ldy;-@)@*_,k[YjL/fh
rf}xfg-@)$(_,zfs'Gtn-c\u|]hL cg'jfb_@)$* cflb .
;j{k|yd k|sflzt sljt M k"l0f{dfsf] hnflw !((! d+l;/ !% ut] uf]/vfkqdf
b]jsf]6fsf v08sfJout ljz]iftfx? M
!=pgL ;dfh,Oltxf;,k'/f0f jf k"/fsyf ,bGTosyf / nf]ssyfnfO{ ljifosf] ;|f]t
agfpF5g\ ,
@= dfgjhLjg / hut\sf x/]s kIf;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] ljifoj:t' cfwfl/t eP/
v08sfJo tof/ u5{g\ ,
#= b]jsf]6f :jR5GbjfbL k|j[lTtsf k|j{ts / v08sfJosf/ x'g\ ,
$= b]jsf]6f af}lstf eGbf xflb{stfnfO{ ?rfpF5g\ ,
%+ b]jsf]6f cleJolStsf] qmddf ;+oldt / cg'zfl;t xf]Og pGd'St k|jfx
z}nL c\ufNb5g\ ,
^= v08sfJodf dfgjtfjfbL efjgf JoSt ug'{ ,
&= k|s[ltsf] ;f}Do / /f}b| b'j} ?ksf] k|efjsf/L lrq0f ub}{ dfgjtfjfb k|s6
ug'{ ,
*= b'i6 kfqx?sf] Jojxf/ / if8oGqn] ;t\ kfqsf hLjg si6s/ x'g ;Sg] b]vfpg'
(= b]jsf]6fsf] /rgf ;'vfGt tyf b'MvfGt b'j} lsl;dsf x'G5g\,
!)= b]jsf]6fsf /rgf gf/Lk|wfg 5g\,
!!= b]jsf]6f ;dfh ;'wf/sf] cfu|x u5{g\
!@= b]jsf]6fdf b]zk|]dsf] efj kfOg' ,
!#= nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] v08sfJodf nf]sno,zf:qLo 5Gbsf ;fy} ub\osf]
;d]t k|of]u kfOg' cflb .
-g]kfndf klxnf] k6s aL=P= pTtL0f{ ug]{ JolSt _
v08sfJosf] ljZn]if0f
;Gbe{
ef}lts ;'v;'ljwfsf lgldTt dl/d]6]/ nfu]sf] tTsfnLg ;dfhnfO{ w]/}
;DklTt a6'Ng'eGbf cfgGbL dgn] hLjg latfpg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 eGg]
;Gbe{df cfPsf] xf]] ,
d'gfdbg v08sfJosf syfj:t'
dg'fbg v08sfJosf kfqx?
dbg
cfkm" gf/L x'Fbf x'b} klg gf/Lsf] dd{ a'em\g g;Sg] ,c?sf] ;'vb bfDkTo
hLjgdf kmf6f] Nofpg] JolSt, c?sf] ;'v / k|ultdf lk/f]lng] g}gL eG5]
o;/L 5f]8L uPsf] b]vL lbn b'V5 dnfO{
sdnsf] kftdf hLjgsf] yf]kf /xG5 s:nfO{ <
gh/ dfq} d'vdf nfP xhf/ dg]{5g\ ,
eFd/f h:t} 8'n'jf v;d s] sb/ ug]{5g\ .
kl/jt{gzLn :jefj ePsL kfq
;fyLx?
d'gfdbg v08sfJo leqsf ;f/o'St egfO
db{n] ls u/]/ 5f8\5 ls d/]/ 5f8\5 cfF;'n] t afwf dfq pTkGg u5{ a?
v';Ln] ;fy lbg] xf] eg] c;Dej sfd ug{ ;lsG5 eGb} dbg,
cfgf/bfgf bfFtsf nx/ vf]n]/ xfF; g
ltdLn] xfF;] d xfFSg ;S5' OGb|sf] cf;g , Kof/L labfdf xfF;
g
dbg ef]6 hfg] a]nfdf d'gfn]
d'gfdbg
k|Zgf]Tt/ lgb]{zg
d'gfdbg v08sfJosf] ljifoj:t' =======;fdflhs =cfly{s sf/0fn]
kLl8t g]kfnL lgDgjuL{o hghLjgsf syf / JoyfnfO{ x[bo:kzL{ 9\un]
k|:t't ul/Psf] o; v08sfJodf @))& ;fncl3sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
;\qmd0fsfnLg ;fdflhs cj:yfg} d'Vo ljifoj:t' ePsf],======v08sfJosf]
kfq dbgsf] ;dfhdf wd{sf] /hfFO 5 , wgsf] wfs 5 ,;dfhdf cGwljZjf; 5,
ul/aL 5, ;xl/of hLjgdf cg]sf}+ ljs[lt 5, dbgnfO{ cfdf / >LdtLKf|lt
lgefpg' kg]{ bfloTj 5 ,ef]6]h:tf dfgjtfjfbL efjgf af]s]sf JolSt 5
=====
d'gfdbgv08sfJosf] ljz]iftfx? ======
d'gfdbg v08sfJo g]kfnL ;flxTosf] pTs[i6 sfJo,
g]jf/L ;dfhdf k|rlnt em\ofp/] nf]suLtaf6 k|efljt e} /rgf ul/Psf] ,
df}lnstf, kltkTgLsf] uf9f k|]d bzf{O{Psf] , kfl/jfl/s :g]x , hLjg
;\3if{ ,hLjgsf] b'Mvb ;dflKt cflbsf] j0f{g sfJosf] ljz]iftf
v08sfJodf cfTdk/s k|s[ltsf] lrq0f jgdf lkmSsf cFFWof/f] r9\of]
xfjf g} lgbfof] .
k+IfLn] ;f/f af]Ng g} 5f8] hf8fn]
;tfof] ..
=======================================
===================
x] kz'klt x] u'XoZj/L . Kof/fsf] ufyfdf
ga;f];\ w'nf], glaemf];\ sfF8f , d\nxf];\ ;fydf .
d'gfdbg ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L
!= d'gfdbgsf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f !((^ df xflsd df:6/ v8\udfg dNnsf] k|
aGwaf6 !))) k|lt 5flkof] .
@=;femf k|sfzgaf6 g} ;f]x|f}+ k6s ePsf] kRrL;f}+ ;+:s/0f @)^%
df !,)),))) k|lt 5flkof],
#= ;a} eGbf w]/} k|sfzg ePsf] v08sfJo ,
$= ;flxTosf/ afns[i0f ;dsf cg';f/ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f tLgrf]l6 hGd]
d'gfdbg, zfs'Gtn / kfunl;t ,
%= d'gfdbg afx]s d]/f c? ;a} s[ltx? hnfO lbP klg x'G5 zfGtejg
c:ktfndf b]xfj;fg x'g' cufl8 eg]sf] ,
^= d'gfdbg v08sfJonfO{ @)!^ ;fnsf] cf7f}+ ;+:s/0fdf s]xL kl/jl{t
u/L yKg] sfd ePsf] ,
&= d'gfdbg v08sfJo g]jf/L nf]suLt hL jof n5L db'gL af6 k|efljt
n]lvPsf],
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? M
!= nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf v08sfJout k|j[lTtx?sf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
@= d'gfdbgv08sfJosf] ljifoj:t'sf] ;dLIff ug'{xf];\ .
#= d'gfdbg v08sfJosf sfJofTds ljz]iftfdfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
$= d'gfdbgv08sfJodf kfOg] ;fdflhs kIfdfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
%= d'gfdbg v08sfJon] ;dfhnfO{ s] s:tf ;Gbz lbPsf] <
^= dbgsf rl/qdf kfOg] rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx? pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
&= d'gfsf rl/qdf kfOg] rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx? pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
*= ef]6]sf] hLjg bz{g s:tf] 5 <
(= wgsf af/]df d'gf / dbgsf b[li6sf]0fdf ljeGgtf b]vfpg'xf];\ .
!)=d'gfdbg v08sfJodf k|s[lt lrq0fsf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
!!= d'gfdbgv08sfJodf kfOg] kl/j]zsf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
hLjgL
hGd / hGd :yfg M lj=;+= !(&^ c;f]h & k':t'g ,ndh'
lzIff M zf:qL
;Ddfg / k'/:sf/ Mlqe'jg k|1f k'/:sf/ -@)@#_
;Ltf/fd ;flxTo k'/:sf/ -@)%)_
cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{ k'/:sf/-@)%@_
;fj{hlgs clegGbg -@)%#_
j;'Gw/f >L k'/:sf/-@)%^_
e"kfndfg l;+x sfsL{ k|1f k'/:sf/-@)%^_
cd]l/sf g]kfn d}qL ;dff/f cleGfGbg-;g\ @)))_
g]kfnL ;flxTo ljsf; kl/ifb\ o'=s]=f/f clegGbg-@)))_
k|d'v k|sflzt sfJos[ltx? M
sljtf ;\u|x
gjd~h/L-!($!_
lsGg/ lsGg/L-@)#(_
afnsljtf ;\u|x
3fdkfgL-@)!)_
afnnx/L-@)@^_
;'gkG5Lr/LsfJo lrGtg M cfkm\g} afF;'/L cfkm\g} uLt
uLltgf6s M
zs'Gtnf-@)#@_
dfntL d\un]-)#%_
ljifsGof
lxdfnkfl/ lxdfnjfl/
cZj:ydf
b]psL-@)%^_
v08sfJo M
kflkgL cfdf-@)!#_
gofF g]kfn-@)!#_
uf}/L-@)!%_
/fh]Zj/L-@)!&_
/fi6lgdf{tf-@)@#_
wtL{dftf-@)#)_
/fx'n ozf]w/f-@)#%_
OGb|s'df/L-@)%&_
Dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf k|d'v v08sfJout ljz]iftfx?
!= dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] :jR5GbjfbL efjwf/fsf v08sfJosf/ x'g\ .
@= dfgj hLJfg hut\sf ;'v / b'Mv b'j} kIfnfO{ snfTds / ;f}Gbo{d"ns ?
kdf cleJoSt ub{5g\ ,
#= sfJodf af}lstf eGbf ;/ntf kfOg' ,
$= ;t\ / c;t\ kfqx?sf] k|of]u , ;t\ kfqn] cfbz{ efj tyf c;t\ kfqn] ;dfhsf]
jf:tljstfsf] k|ltlglwTj
%= P]ltxfl;s,;fdflhs,nf]sufy / kfl/jfl/s ljifoj:t:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ v08sfJo
/rgf ug]{, /fi6lgdf{tfv08sfJo P]ltxfl;s ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t 5 ,
^= pgL /fi6k|ltsf] k|]d, g]kfnL hfltk|ltsf] ,/fl6o jL/jL/\ugfk|lt
;Ddfgsf] efj k|s6 u5{g\ ,
&= dfgjtfjfbL b[li6sf]0f /fV5g\ ,
*= zf:qLo 5Gb / nf]s 5Gb b'j}sf] s'zn k|of]Stf clg jfl0f{s 5Gbsf ;fy}
em\ofp/] 5Gbsf] klg k|of]u u5{g\
(= v08sfJodf /; k|;:t kfOg' ,
!)= efiffz}nL kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t x'g'sf ;fy} Jofs/0ffTds b[li6n] z'
efiffsf] k|of]u ug]{ ,
!!= ldtJooL efiffsf] k|of]u ug]{ ,yf]/}df w]/} eGg ;Sg] jf ;'qfTds
efiffsf] k|of]u u/L n]Vg] ,cflb .
/fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJo M
v08sfJosf] gfd /fi6lgdf{tf
v08sfJosf] /rgf sfn lj=;+=@)@# ;fn
k|sflzt ldlt @)#)
v08sfJo hDdf !@* Znf]sdf ;+/lrt, pkhflt 5Gb, pkdf / cg'k|f; cn\sf/ ,;
+jfbfTds z}nL , t[tLo k'?if jf jfx\o b[li6laGb'df n]lvPsf]
/fi6lgdf{tfsf] zflAbs cy{ gofF /fi6sf] ;+/rgf / ;\u7g ug]{ JolSt
x'G5
P]ltxfl;s v08sfJo
g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f cleofg ;~rfng e} /x]sf] a]nf bndb{g zfx lht]sf] /fHo
efu nufpg] kIfdf plePsf] 5 eg] k[YJfLgf/fog zfx /fHo c+z nufpg] j:t'
xf]Og /fHo eg]sf] t cv08 x'G5 eGg] kIfdf plePsf] 5 .
hxfFsf]
d'6'n]
5'Fb}g
ToxfF x/Lof] ddtf x'Fb}g
sf]/N5 rNnf Tolt dfq kf]yL
Gofgf] e'jfn] hlt ;S5 5f]kL
v08sfJo ;DaGwL s]xL yk s'/fx? M
xf] d[lTtsf s]jn ;fWo tTj
xf] d[lTtsf s]jn l; tTj
cfgGb cfh} ;a Ko'g x}g
;+;f/ cfkm}Fel/ Ho"Fg x}g
of] 3fd5fof / sn}snfsf]
g]kfn xf] b]jn gf}tNnfsf]
afpGg 9f]sf k|x/L d lbG5'
lvof gnfUg] v's'/L d lbG5' .
g8'Ag' bfHo} lsg :jfGtleq
ldlnGb em}F d'Ub d/Gbleq
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? M
7fpF kfk / cGofon] cfafb ul//x]sf] b]v]/ slj ;dok|lt cfqmf]z JoSt
u5{g\
cfkm\gf] j/Lk/L j]bgf / ljiffb\ km}lnPsf] j]nf dfgj cfglGbt eP/ a:g
g;Sg] ,
;dfhdf JofKt ljs[lt / lj;\ltsf] k|efjsf/L lrq0f ul/Psf] ,
;dfh ;'wf/sf] cfu|x ul/Psf],
d"nefjM
sljsf cg';f/ cfF;' ;[li6sf] z[\uf/ xf] .
slj xfF:gnfO{ ?g'k5{ eG5g\,
pgL o; k[YjLdf ;Tosf] hLt / >dsf] df]n vf]H5g\ ,
ljifdtfsf] cfuf] lgefpg cfF;' jf kfgL dfU5g\ ,
k[YjLnfO{ bUwtf arfpg cfF;' emf/ eGg] ;Gb]z dflg;;Dd k'ofpg
rfxG5 ,
zf]if0f/lxt ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] cfu|x ,
k[YjLdf ePsf] ljifdtf x6fP/ ;dtf sfod ug{ qmflGt cfjZos ePsf]
dx;'; ug'{,
kL8f / dd{ gef]u]sf JolStn] qmflGt ug{ g;Sg] efj ,
tTsfnLg /f0ffzf;g sfnsf zf]if0f lj? zf]if0flj/f]wL wf/0f cleJoSt ,
zf;sn] cfkm\gf] ;'v;onnfO{ dfq x]g'{ x'b}g ,/fi6s} ;'v ;onsf
lglDt pkof]uL sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 eGg]
;Gb]z,
dfG5n] dfG5]nfO{ dfG5]sf]?kdf x]g'{ kg]{ dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/
cleJoSt ,
b]z / hgtfsf] d'lStsf nflu JolStn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ ,si6, / b'Mv la;]{/
cl3 a9g' kg]{ cfu|x ,
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k\lStx? M
cfF;' 5}g eg] gh/df
qmflGt To;n] u5{ s] / <
lzlz/sf] hf8f] gvfO{
5 / j;Gt v'n]sf]
gf6s
gf6ssf tTjx?
gf6ssf tTjx? lgDg 5g\ M
syfgs
rl/q
;+jfb
efiffz}nL
pb\b]Zo .
ljrf/
jftfj/0f
syfgs M 36gf jf sfo{x?sf] of]hgfa k|:t'ltnfO{ syfgs elgG5 .
syfgsdf ljifoj:t' d'Vo / ;xfos u/L ;+of]hg ug{ ;lsG5 . ljifoj:Tf'x?
P]ltxfl;s, kf}/fl0fs,wfld{s,/fhg}lts,;f+:s[lts cflbaf6 lnOPsf] x'G5 .
syfj:t'sf] k|:t'lt sfo{sf/0f ;DaGwsf cfwf/df bz{snfO{ sf}t'xn drfpg]
vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . syfj:t' ;+b]zd"ns x'g'k5{ .
rl/q M
gf6sdf k|d'v,;xofs / uf}0f u/L tLg k|sf/sf kfqx? x'G5g\ .
;+jfb M kfq kfqsf aLrdf ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL g} ;+jfb xf] . ;+jfb c:jfefljs
ge} 5f]6f], 5l/tf], :jfefljs af]nrfnsf] efiff x'g' kb{5 .
gf6sdf ;+jfb tLg k|sf/n] cfpg ;S5 M
!= k|sfz. k|ToIf M
/\ud~rdf kfq kfqsf aLrdf x'g] s'/fsfgL ,
@= :jut M
cfkm\gf] af/]df c? kfq kfqfn] g;'Gg] u/L
u/]sf] s'/fsfgL,
#= g]kYof]lSt jf cfsfzjf0fL M cfjfh dfq cGoq jf cfsfzaf6 ;'lgg] ;+jfb .
Effiffz}nL M gf6s k|:t't ug]{ dfWod efiff xf] / gf6\o/rgfsf] klt z}nL
xf] . efiff ;/n,;xh / snfTds clg k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ . cfjZostf cg':ff/
pvfg6'Ssf , lgkft / sYo efiffsf] k|of]u ug'k5{ .
pb\b]Zo. ljrf/ M gf6ssf dfWodaf6 bz{ssf dgdf kfg]{ k|efj g} pb\b]Zo
xf] . gf6ssf] ljleGg pb\b]Zo x'g;S5g\ ,h:t} M dgf]/~hg u/fpg' ,g}lts,
rl/qjfg ,oyfy{jfbL ,dfgjtfjfbL aGg] ;Gb]z lbg' cflb .
b]z, sfn / jftfj/0f M b]z ,sfn / jftfj/0f eg]sf] kl/j]z klg xf] . kl/j]z
;hLj / :jfleljs agfpg b[Zo s'g :yfg ,sfn,/ jftfj/0fsf] xf] ;f]xL adf]lhdsf]
lgb]{zg x'g' kb{5 .
dftL/fd e6\6
zfs'Gtn -!($$ $*_
d]lbgLk|;fb /]UdL
1fg e\ut/\lu0fL-!(^)_
kxndfgl;+x :jfF/
c6naxfb'/-!(^@_
zDe'k|;fb 9'\u]n
/TgfjnL -!(&@_
n]vgfy kf}8\ofn
et[{xl/lgj]{b-!(&$_
;"o{ljqmd 1jfnL
ZofdLsdf/L-!(&$&%_
kf/;dl0f k|wfg
;'Gb/s'df/-!(&*_
/fdk|;fb ;Tofn
eSt k|Xnfb-!(*%_
o; sfnsf d'Vo k|j[lTtx? M
o; sfndf klg ;+:s[taf6 g} gf6sx? cg'jfb x'g' ,
;+:s[tsf] gf6s l;fGtsf] k|of]u x'g',
syfgsdf a9L dxTj lbg' kfq jf rl/qdf sd hf]8 lbg',
oyfy{eGbf a9L cfbz{lt/ hf]8 ,
gf6sx?df clt/~hgf ,ltn:dL / hf;';Lsf] afx'Notf /xg' cflb .
cfw'lgs sfn - !(*^ b]lv xfn;Dd _
afns[i0f ;df/f lnlvt d'6'sf] Joyf -lj=;+=!(*^_ df k|sfzg ePkl5 g]kfnL
gf6sdf cfw'lgs sfnsf] ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . o; wf/f leq d'Vot b'O{ wf/f jf
df]8 jf r/0f u/L ljefhg ug]{ ul/G5 . tL o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
!= klxnf]-k"jf{{_ df]8. r/0f. wf/f -!(*^ b]lv @)!@_ M
o; r/0fdf klg b'O{j6f k|j[lTtx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
s= cfbzf]{Gd'v oyfy{jfbL wf/f M o; wf/fsf gf6\o /rgfx?df ;fdflhs
,P]ltxfl;s,kf}/fl0fs nufot h'g;'s} ;|f]t eP klg ltgdf ;'wf/jfbL Pjd\
cfbz{jfbL efj's lrGtg /x]sf] kfOG5 . o; wf/fsf gf6s tyf gf6ssf/x? lgDg
5g\ M
gf6ssf/
gf6s
afns[i0f ;d
d'6'sfsf] Joyf-!(*^_,d's'Gb OlGb/f -!(($_,k|
Nxfb-!((%_
eLlglw ltjf/L
;xgzLnf ;'zLnf- !((%_,sfzLjf;-!((*_,rf}tf/f
nIdLgf/fo0f-@)@$_
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f
;fljqL :fTojfg- !((&_
v= oyfy{jfbL wf/f M
o; wf/fsf gf6sdf ljz' ;fdflhs
ljifoj:t'nfO{ oyfy{ 9uaf6 k|:t't ug]{ kl/kf6L /x]sf] x'G5 .o; wf/fsf
gf6s tyf gf6ssf/x? lgDg 5g\ M
gf6ssf/
gf6s
uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn
d;fg-@))#_,of] k|]d-@)!%_
jfz' zzL
tLg gf6s-@)@#_
dgaxfb'/ d'lvof
clg b]p/fnL ?G5 -@)#)_ , km]/L Oltxf; bf]xl/G5@)#@_
o; wf/fsf k|d'v k|j[lTtx? M
;fdflhs 36gfsf] oyfy{ k|:t'lt,
Gff/Ldfly k'?ifx?n] ug]{ b'Jo{jxf/sf] lrq0f
;fdflhs ;d:ofx?sf] lrq0f
:jR5GbtfjfbLsf] s]xL k|of]u,,
:yfgLo sYo cfwfl/t gf6s n]vg,
;fdflhs ,kf}/fl0fs,P]ltxfl;s cflb ljifoj:t',
k"jL{o tyf kfZrfTo gf6\ol;fGtsf] k|efj,
;'vfGt jf bM'vfGt ,
dfgjtfjfbL lrGtg kfOg',
ub\o kb\o b'j}z}nLsf] k|of]u cflb .
@M bf]:f|f]-pTt/f{_ df]8 . r/0f . wf/f -@)!# b]lv xfn;Dd_M
o; wf/fdf lgDg k|j[lTtx? /x]sf 5g\ <
s= dgf]j}1flgs jf dgf]ljZn]if0ffTd wf/f M
dgsf ljleGg cj:yfx?af/] k|sfz kfg]{ pb\b]Zon] n]lvPsf gf6sx? o;
cGt/ut kb{5g\ . afndgf]lj1fg ,gf/Ldgf]lj1fg, ck/fwdgf]lj1fg tyf
of}gdgf]lj1fgsf l;fGtx?sf] k|of]u o; wf/fsf] gf6sx?df e]l6G5 .o;
wf/fsf] gf6s tyf gf6sx? M
gf6ssf/
gf6s
uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn uf]7fn]
e';sf] cfuf]-@)!#_,RofltPsf] kbf{@)!^_,bf]if s:f}sf] 5}g-@)@&_
ljho dNn
sf]xL lsg a/afb xf];\ -@)!%_, lhpFbf] nf;
-@)!&_
o; wf/fsf k|j[lTt tyf ljz]iftfx? M
dfgl;s ljs[lt / dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] lrq0f,
k|mfo8f/f k|ltkflbt dgf]ljZn]if0ffTds l;fGtaf6 k|efljt,
36gfsf] eGbf rl/qsf] k|wfgtf,
Dfgj dgsf r]tg ,cr]tg ,of}g,afndg cflbsf] ;"Id ljZn]if0f cflb .
v= k|of]ujfbL wf/f M
k|efjzLntf x'G5 .
Psf\sLdf r/d;Ldfsf]
gf6s
!!= pgsf gf6sdf b]z k|]d tyf ;fdflhs / ;f+:slts d"No dfGotf sfod
/fVg] ;Gb]z kfOG5 .
!@= ;fdfGo af]nrfnsf] efiff k|of]u u5{g\ , 5f]6f] 5l/tf] ;+jfbsf] k|of]u
u5{g\ ,cflb .
sIff !!
ljifo M P]lR5s g]kfnL
syf v08 M
c\s M#)
kf7\oef/ M $%
syfsf] kl/ro
pkGof; v08
c\s M @)
kf7\oef/ M#)
pkfGof;sf] kl/ro -kl/refiff / tTjx?_
pkGof; ;+:s[taf6 cfPsf] tT;d zAb xf] . of] Gof;-lg+c;\+3`\_ zAbdf
pk nfu]/ ag]sf] xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 glhs /fVg' .pkGof; ;flxTosf] Pp6f
k|d'v ljwf ePsfn] o;df hLjg hut\;Fu ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ glhs}af6 ;d]6]/
k|:t't ul/G5 . O6fnL efiffsf] gf]a]nf (novella) af6 c\u|hLsf] gf]a]n
(novel) zAb ag]sf] xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 clnslt gofF j:t' eGg] x'G5 .
pkGof;sf] cy{ a'em\g ljleGg ljfgx?sf] ljrf/ a'em\g cfJfZo x'G5 .
s]xL ljfgx?sf] kl/efiff lgDg 5g\ M
pkGof; eg]sf] jf:tljs hLjg ,rfnrng / cfkm\gf] ;dosf] tl:j/ xf] .
Snf/f l/A;
pkGof; ub\odf n]lvPsf] dxfsfJo xf] .
x]g/L h]D;
pkGof; ub\odf n]lvPsf] Tof] ljwf xf] h;df dfgj hLjgsf] lj:t[t kIf / ;Da
kl/j]zsf] k|:t'lt x'G5 .
df]xglxdf+z' yfkf
^= ;t\ / c;t\ b'j}vfnsf kfq k|of]u ub}{ ;t\ kfqk|lt em'sfj /fVg] ,
&= pgL gf/L rl/qnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbG5g\
*= efiffz}nLut ;/ntf pgsf] cf}kGofl;s k|j[lTt dflgG5 , cflb .
?kdtL pkGof;sf] ljZn]if0f
syfj:t'
rl/qlrq0f
?kdtL
xljnfn
a/fnk'qL
/ljnfn
kl08TgL aHo}
kl/j]z
pb\b]Zo
cfbz{jfbL 9\uaf6 ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf] ck]Iff ug'{ ?kdtL pkGof;sf]
d"n pb\b]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
k|d'v pb\b]Zox?nfO{ lgDg adf]lhd pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= wfld{s cfWoflTds ;dfhsf] cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'
@= ;f+:s[lts dxTjaf/] k|sfz kfg'{
#=;f;"sf] x}sdjfbL k|j[lTt unt /x]sf] atfpg'
$= kfZrfTo ;Eotf / cfw'lgstfsf] lj/f]w ug'{
%= gf/Lx?sf] rfl/lqs sdhf]/L cf}+Nofpg'
^= s'nt jf b'Jo{;gsf] k|j[lTt cGTo x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'
&= ;t\kIfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt /x]sf] atfpg'
*= g]kfnL gf/Ldf lxGb" cfbz{sf u'0fx? /xg'k5{ eGg' ,cflb .
Effiffz}nL
zLif{ssf] ;fy{stf
s]xL k|Zgx? M
!= ?kdtL pkGof;nfO{ cfbzf]{Gd'v oyfy{jfbL pkGof;ssf ?kdf
lrgfpg'xf];\ .
@= ;fdflhs oyfy{sf] b[li6n] ?kdtL pkGof;sf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{xf];\ .
#= ?kdtL pkGof;ssf a/fnk'qL / /ljnfnsf ldNbfh'Nbf :jefjsf]
rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
sIff !!
clgjfo{ M g]kfnL
g]kfnL Jofs/0f
g]kfnL af]w
cg'R5]b n]vg
s'g}
ljifodf
cfwfl/t
e}
cg]s
jfSox?df
n]vL
tof/
ul/g]
;\sygnfO{ cg'R5]b elgG5 . of] Ps} cg'R5]bdf Pp6} ljifosf] j0f{gsf]
l;nl;nf ldn]sf] / k"0f{ x'g'k5{ .
cg'R5]bsf tLg efu x'G5g\ . cflbefudf zLif{ssf] kl/ro:j?k uxg efj Ps
jfSo ,dWoefudf cfjZostf cg';f/ ljifo lj:tf/ / cGToefudf j0f{g ul/g] ljifosf]
lgisif{:j?k vFlbnf] Ps jfSo x'g'k5{ .