Class 11 and 12 Opt Nepali ..Com Nepali 11

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sIff M !

@
ljifo M P]lR5s g]kfnL
v08 M v
g]kfnL v08sfJo
v08sfJosf] kl/ro
c = v08sfJosf] kl/efiff
v08sfJo zAbsf] lgdf{0fv08 / sfJob'O{ zAbaLr ;df; e} ldn]/ ag]sf]
xf] .h;n] sfJosf] v08 eGg] a'emfpF 5 . sljtfsf] n3'td,n3' ,dWod ,a[xTt/
/ a[xTtd u/L kfFr e]b dWo] aLrsf] efu g} v08sfJo xf] .
o;nfO{ c\u|]hLdf nfdf] sljtf -long poem_ klg eGg] ul/G5 .
v08sfJo ;DaGwL s]xL kl/efiffx?
v08sfJo eg]sf] dxfsfJosf] Psb]zLo jf Psf+zLo :j?k xf] .
cfrfo{ ljZjgfy
sfJosf] Ps 6'qmfh:tf] 5f]6f] syfgsnfO{ >[\vlnt ?kdf aLr}af6 p7]/
aLr}df
6'\luPsf]
;u{aGwg,
;lGwaGwgx?
gePsf]
,5f]6f]
sfJonfO{ v08sfJo elgG5 .
;f]dgfy l;Ub]n
s'g} Ps ljifosf] cleJoSt lbg] ;u{ ePsf] jf gePsf] k|aGwfTds n3'sfJo g}
v08sfJo xf] .
g]kfnL
zAbsf]if
dfgj hLjgsf] sg} Ps kIfLo ljifoj:t' s'g} Ps /;sf dfWodaf6
cleJoSt x'g] sfljtfsf] demf}nf ?k g} v08sfJo xf] .
v08sfJosf] ljz]iftfx?
!= dfgj hLjgsf] s'g} Ps kIfsf] k|:t'lt KffOg' ,
@= v08sfJo Pp6} /;df cfwfl/t x'g'
#= Pp6f dfq d'n syfgs kfOg'
$= km'6s/
sljtf eGbf 7'nf] / dxfsfJo eGbf ;fgf] demf}nf cfsf/sf] x'g'
%= of] nofTds x'g' cflb .
v08sfJosf tTjx?
!= syfgs. syfj:t'
@= kfq. rl/q
#= kl/j]z
$= pb\b]Zo . s]lGb|o sYo
%= /; . efj
^=no

&= efiff z}nL


*= sygklt
!= syfgs
syfgsnfO{ syfj:t' klg elgG5 . syfj:t' kf}/fl0fs, P]ltxfl;s,nf]sk|l;
;fdflhs,af}ls Pjd\ bfz{lgs cflb cg]s kIfx?af6 lgsflnPsf] x'G5 .
@= kfq. rl/q
syfgsnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg kfqsf] cfjZos kb{5 . kfqx?s} dfWodaf6
syfgsnfO{ ultzLn / oyfy{k/s t'Nofpg] sfo{ ul/G5 .
#= kl/j]z
kl/j]z eg]sf] b]z,sfn tyf jftfj/0f cyjf kl/l:ylt xf] . v08sfJodf
dxfsfJodf h:tf] Jofks / lj:t[t kl/j]z ljwfg ul/Psf] x'Fb}g .
$= pb\b]Zo
/rgfdf s'g} g s'g} pb\b]Zo n's]sf] x'G5 . v08sfJodf w]/}
pb\b]Zo /flvg' eGbf Pp6} dfq pb\b]Zo /flvg' /fd|f] x'G5 . sljf/f
cfkm\gf sfJodf JoSt ug{ vf]lhPsf] d'Vo ljrf/ jf lrGtgnfO{ s]Gb|Lo sYo
klg elgG5 .
%=/; . efj
k"jL{o ;flxTodf gf} /;sf gf} j6f :yfoLefjx? 5g\ . :yfoLefj /
c:yfoLefjx? g} /;:jfbgsf cfwf/lznf x'g\ . ;flxTozf:qLx?n] sfJosf]
d"ndd{ g} /;fTdstfnfO{ dfGg] x'Fbf v08sfJodf s'g} Ps /; x'g' kg]
{ s'/f cf}+Nofpg] u5{g\ .
^= no
v08sfJonfO{ cGo ljwfaf6 cnu u/fpg] k|d'v tTj g} no xf] . sfJodf
no cfjZos 5 eGg] dfGotf k"j{ tyf klZrd b'j}lt/ /x]sf] kfOG5 . sfJodf
kb\o / ub\o b'j}sf} k|rng 5 .
&= efiffz}nL
sljsf cGtd{gleqsf lrGtgx? Kff7s;fd' k:sg] dfWod efiff xf] eg]
efiffnfO{ ;'dw'/ 9\uaf6 sfJofg's"n agfpFb} k|efjsf/L 9\un] ljleGg k
ltdf k|:t't ug'{ z}nL xf] .
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? M
!= v08sfJosf] kl/ro;lxt kl/efiff k|:t't ug'{xf];\ <
@= v08sfJosf k|d'v tTjx? s] s] x'g\ <
#= v08sfJo / dxfsfJodf kfOg] ;dfgtf / leGgtfx? s] s] x'g\ <
$= v08sfJonfO{ demf}nf cfsf/sf ?kdf lrgfpg'xf];\ .

v08sfJosf/ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f / pgsf] d'gfdbg


v08sfJosf] ljj]rgf
v08sfJosf/ b]jsf]6fsf] hLjgL
hGd M lj=;+= !(^^ sflt{s @&
hGd :yfg M l8NnLahf/ sf7df8f}+
lzIffM aL=P=,aL=Pn=,c\u|]hLdf Pd=P= ;Ddsf] cWoog
d[To' M lj=;+= @)!^ ebf} @(
;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/
lqe'jg k|1f k'/:sf/
;femf k'/:sf/
k|d'v sfJo s[ltx? M
sljtf ;\u|x
k'tnL -@))(_
;'gsf] laxfg -@)!)_
levf/L -@)!)_
hGdf]T;j / d'6'sf] yf]kf -@)!%_
5x/f -@)!^_
To:t} lrNnf kftx? -@)@!_, d[To'zo\of -@)!^_, dgf]/~hg -@)@$_,
cfsfz af]N5 -@)@%_, 5fFuf;Fu s'/f -@)@^_, nIdL sljtf ;\ux| -@)##_
cflb .
v08sfJo
d'gfdbg -!((@_
/fhs'df/ k|efs/-!((&_
s'l~hgL -@))@_
kxf8L k'sf/-@))%_
j;GtL-@))(_
;'Gb/Lhndf -@))(_
/fj0f h6fo' o' -@)!!_
Dx]Gb' -@)!%_
To:t} n"gL-@)@#_, dfoljgL ;;L{ -@)@$_, ;Ltx/0f -@)@$_,b'ioGt
zs'Gtbfnf e]6 -@)@$_, gj/; -@)@%_, s6s-@)@^_, ;[hdftf -@)@(_
cflb .
dxfsfJo
zfs'Gtnf -@))@_

;'nf]rgf -@))#_
To:t} dxf/f0ff k|tfk-@)@$_, jgs';'d -@)@%_,k|ldy;-@)@*_,k[YjL/fh
rf}xfg-@)$(_,zfs'Gtn-c\u|]hL cg'jfb_@)$* cflb .
;j{k|yd k|sflzt sljt M k"l0f{dfsf] hnflw !((! d+l;/ !% ut] uf]/vfkqdf
b]jsf]6fsf v08sfJout ljz]iftfx? M
!=pgL ;dfh,Oltxf;,k'/f0f jf k"/fsyf ,bGTosyf / nf]ssyfnfO{ ljifosf] ;|f]t
agfpF5g\ ,
@= dfgjhLjg / hut\sf x/]s kIf;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] ljifoj:t' cfwfl/t eP/
v08sfJo tof/ u5{g\ ,
#= b]jsf]6f :jR5GbjfbL k|j[lTtsf k|j{ts / v08sfJosf/ x'g\ ,
$= b]jsf]6f af}lstf eGbf xflb{stfnfO{ ?rfpF5g\ ,
%+ b]jsf]6f cleJolStsf] qmddf ;+oldt / cg'zfl;t xf]Og pGd'St k|jfx
z}nL c\ufNb5g\ ,
^= v08sfJodf dfgjtfjfbL efjgf JoSt ug'{ ,
&= k|s[ltsf] ;f}Do / /f}b| b'j} ?ksf] k|efjsf/L lrq0f ub}{ dfgjtfjfb k|s6
ug'{ ,
*= b'i6 kfqx?sf] Jojxf/ / if8oGqn] ;t\ kfqsf hLjg si6s/ x'g ;Sg] b]vfpg'
(= b]jsf]6fsf] /rgf ;'vfGt tyf b'MvfGt b'j} lsl;dsf x'G5g\,
!)= b]jsf]6fsf /rgf gf/Lk|wfg 5g\,
!!= b]jsf]6f ;dfh ;'wf/sf] cfu|x u5{g\
!@= b]jsf]6fdf b]zk|]dsf] efj kfOg' ,
!#= nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] v08sfJodf nf]sno,zf:qLo 5Gbsf ;fy} ub\osf]
;d]t k|of]u kfOg' cflb .
-g]kfndf klxnf] k6s aL=P= pTtL0f{ ug]{ JolSt _
v08sfJosf] ljZn]if0f
;Gbe{
ef}lts ;'v;'ljwfsf lgldTt dl/d]6]/ nfu]sf] tTsfnLg ;dfhnfO{ w]/}
;DklTt a6'Ng'eGbf cfgGbL dgn] hLjg latfpg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 eGg]
;Gbe{df cfPsf] xf]] ,
d'gfdbg v08sfJosf syfj:t'
dg'fbg v08sfJosf kfqx?
dbg

== k|d'v k'?if kfq, kl/jf/sf] cleefjs , d'gfsf] nf]Ug,sd{df cf:yf /fVg],


== C0fn] u|:t 3/sf] cj:yf ;'wfg{ rfxg] JolSt, :jf:gLnfO{ uxgf / cfdfsf]
OR5f k"/f u/L cleefjssf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ rfxg] ,
==wd{ sd{df ljZJff; ug]{ ,
gdfg 8/ O{Zj/ 5 e/,a'emfO a;] dg,
cFWof/f] x'Gg ;w}+nfO{ Kof/L kms]{/ cfpnf lbg .
k'?ifn] k'?iffy{ b]vfpg' k5{ ,
k?ifsf] Kof/L ;\u|fd ;+;f/ ,ljho p;sf] ;f/
kf}?if lagf k'?if x'Gg ,t/jf/ lagf wf/
wgsf] t'R5tf a'em]/ b]x Tofu ug]{ , kl/jt{gzL :jefj ePsf] JolSt
d'gf
==v08sfJosL gflosf M v08sfJodf k|d'e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ gflosf ,
==dbgsL wd{kTgL M v08sfJosf] gfos dbgsf] ;'vb'Mdf ;xf]u=ug]{
==cfbz{ kfq M
==kltj|tf gf/L M Psk6s Pp6fnfO{ ;'lDkO;s]sf] lbn csf{nfO{ lbg
;lsFb}g eg]/ cfkm"leq /x]sf] kltj|tf efjgf JoSt ug]{,
cflTds cfgGbnfO{ dxfg\ ;Demg] d'gf wgnfO{ t'R5 7fGb}
xftsf d}nf ;'gsf y}nf s] ug'{ wgn]
;fu / l;:g' vfPsf] a]; cfgGbL dgn]
==u'08fx?n] dbg d/]sf] em'7f] ;drf/ ;'gfpFbf kltk|]dsf] a]hf]8
cfbz{ k|:t't ub}{ k|f0f Tofu ug]{ / k'gh{Gddf ljZjf; ug]{ gf/L ,
;t kfq,
ef]6]
;/n lgZrn ,ODffGbf/
ef]6]df ePsf] dfgjtfjfb lgDg k\lStaf6 a'em\g ;lsG5
ef]6]n] eG5 s] u5{ d}n] kx]+nf] ;'gn] <
/f]k]/ ;'g pDf|Gg Sof/] < s] u5{ ;'gn]
Eff]6] cfkm\gf] kl/>dsf] sdfO dfq vfg] s'/f o;/L JoSt ub{5 M
cfkm}n] vG5 cfkm}n] vfG5, l;Tt}df 5'Fb}g
Sof lbG5 ltDn] < Sof lnG5 d}n] < dfu]/ lnFb}g ,
==
g}gL
d'gfdbg v08sfJosf c;t\ kfqsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ,

cfkm" gf/L x'Fbf x'b} klg gf/Lsf] dd{ a'em\g g;Sg] ,c?sf] ;'vb bfDkTo
hLjgdf kmf6f] Nofpg] JolSt, c?sf] ;'v / k|ultdf lk/f]lng] g}gL eG5]
o;/L 5f]8L uPsf] b]vL lbn b'V5 dnfO{
sdnsf] kftdf hLjgsf] yf]kf /xG5 s:nfO{ <
gh/ dfq} d'vdf nfP xhf/ dg]{5g\ ,
eFd/f h:t} 8'n'jf v;d s] sb/ ug]{5g\ .
kl/jt{gzLn :jefj ePsL kfq
;fyLx?
d'gfdbg v08sfJo leqsf ;f/o'St egfO
db{n] ls u/]/ 5f8\5 ls d/]/ 5f8\5 cfF;'n] t afwf dfq pTkGg u5{ a?
v';Ln] ;fy lbg] xf] eg] c;Dej sfd ug{ ;lsG5 eGb} dbg,
cfgf/bfgf bfFtsf nx/ vf]n]/ xfF; g
ltdLn] xfF;] d xfFSg ;S5' OGb|sf] cf;g , Kof/L labfdf xfF;
g
dbg ef]6 hfg] a]nfdf d'gfn]
d'gfdbg
k|Zgf]Tt/ lgb]{zg
d'gfdbg v08sfJosf] ljifoj:t' =======;fdflhs =cfly{s sf/0fn]
kLl8t g]kfnL lgDgjuL{o hghLjgsf syf / JoyfnfO{ x[bo:kzL{ 9\un]
k|:t't ul/Psf] o; v08sfJodf @))& ;fncl3sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
;\qmd0fsfnLg ;fdflhs cj:yfg} d'Vo ljifoj:t' ePsf],======v08sfJosf]
kfq dbgsf] ;dfhdf wd{sf] /hfFO 5 , wgsf] wfs 5 ,;dfhdf cGwljZjf; 5,
ul/aL 5, ;xl/of hLjgdf cg]sf}+ ljs[lt 5, dbgnfO{ cfdf / >LdtLKf|lt
lgefpg' kg]{ bfloTj 5 ,ef]6]h:tf dfgjtfjfbL efjgf af]s]sf JolSt 5
=====
d'gfdbgv08sfJosf] ljz]iftfx? ======
d'gfdbg v08sfJo g]kfnL ;flxTosf] pTs[i6 sfJo,
g]jf/L ;dfhdf k|rlnt em\ofp/] nf]suLtaf6 k|efljt e} /rgf ul/Psf] ,
df}lnstf, kltkTgLsf] uf9f k|]d bzf{O{Psf] , kfl/jfl/s :g]x , hLjg
;\3if{ ,hLjgsf] b'Mvb ;dflKt cflbsf] j0f{g sfJosf] ljz]iftf
v08sfJodf cfTdk/s k|s[ltsf] lrq0f jgdf lkmSsf cFFWof/f] r9\of]
xfjf g} lgbfof] .
k+IfLn] ;f/f af]Ng g} 5f8] hf8fn]
;tfof] ..

d'gfdbgv08sfJodf ;fdflhs kIf ===========


;\qmd0fsfnLg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] o; v08sfJosf] ;fdflhs
kIf ==
d'gfdbg v08sfJosf] d"nefj =========
dfG5]] g} dfG5]sf] b'Zdg xf] ,dfG5] b]jtf klg xf] / dfG5] g} bfgj klg
xf] . x}hf nf]u]sf] dbgnfO{ 5f8]/ lxF8\g] pgsf ;fyLx? / nf]Ug] cfpg
s]xL l9nf ugf{;fy csf]{ kf]O /f]Hg ;Nnfx lbg] g}gL / u'08fx?
dfG5]sf ?kdf b]lvPsf /fIf; x'g\ eg] ckl/lrt la/fdL dbgnfO{ e]6fP/
cfkm\gf 3/df nu]/ lg:jfy{M ;]jf ug]{ ef]6] dfG5]sf] e]ifdf /x]sf] b]jtf
xf] .
wg / dgsf] G cfPsf] 5 .
k[YjLdf a;]/ tn dfq xf]Og dfly klg x]g'{ kb{5 eGg] s'/f cfPsf] 5 .
xfdLn] dflg;sf] hLjg vfg / lkpg dfq xf]Og ,kl5sf nflu klg ;FfRg' kb{5 .
xfdL k[YjLdf a;]/ tn dfq x]g]{ xf]Og :ju{lt/ klg gh/ nufpg' k5{ .
k|s[lt lrq0f
v08sfJodf cfTdk/s k|s[ltsf] lrq0f jgdf lkmSsf cFFWof/f] r9\of]
xfjf g} lgbfof] .
k+IfLn] ;f/f af]Ng g} 5f8] hf8fn]
;tfof] ..
;f/f ;Eotf ,lzIff,:g]x / ;DklTtsf] d'xfg g} k|s[lt xf] ==
km"nsf] af]6 pd|]sf] x]/L dfG5]n]
kfpFYof] 1fg .
;'F3]/ af:gf n7\7 e} cfTdf ef]UbYof]
Sof lgdf{0f ..
k|s[ltsf] cf+lzs j:t'ut j0f{g ==
8fF8f / sfF8f psfnf 7f8f h\3f/ xhf/ .
ef]6sf] af6f] 9'\uf / df6f] g\uf / phf/
..
k|s[ltsf] dfgjLs/0f u/]/ =====
Tof] cfn' av8f xfF;]sf] xf]nf j;Gt
kfPsf] .
xl/of]
lrNnf]
hf]jg
xf]nf
jgdf
hfu]sf] ..
==d'gfsf] ;f}Gbo{sf] avfg ug'{,

==gf/Lsf] k|]/0ffn] k'?ifn] 7"nf 7"nf sfdx? ;DkGg ug{ ;S5g\,


==wgsf] t'R5 nfn;fdf gnfu]/ dfgl;s zflGt / cfgGbsf] vf]hLtkm{ nfUg'
kg]{ ;\s]t ,
==gf/Lsf] cl:tTj gfz ul/lbg tTk/ ;xl/of u'G8f]sf]] ab\df;L / ;x/Lof
;Eotfsf ljs[tsf] ;\s]t ,
==d[To'df ljXjn aGbf O{Zj/k|lt cfkm\gf u'gf;fx? /fVg] k|j[lTt,
==sf]dn x[bosf gf/Lx? km'nh:t} x'g\ hf] Psaflh l6kL ;lsP kl5 k6s k6s
l6lkOFb}gg\ ,
==hftefth:tf] 3[l0ft Joj:yfk|lt tLj| cfqmf]z JoSt,
==dflg;sf] pTyfg / ktg u/fpg] klg dflg; g} xf] ,dflg;sf] sdhf]/L / ;xl/of
hLjgsf b'i6 k|j[lTtk|lt klg tLvf] JoUo ul/Psf] .
d'gfdbgv08sfJodf kl/j]z rrf{ ===
ef]6sf] ljleGg /d0fLo :ynx? ,sTtL,Nxf;f, g]kfnsf] k|sltsf]
h8La'6Lx?
ef]6]sf] hLjg z}nL, pgsf] Jojxf/,
lxGb" gf/Ldf kfOg] kltelSt ,a'xf/Ln] lgefpg' kg]{ bfloTj, ;f;"
a'xf/LaLrsf] cflTdo ;DAfGw ,
lgDgjuL{o kl/jf/sf JolStx? 3/kl/jf/ ;~rfng ug{ cyf{t wgfh{g u/]/
cfkm\gf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ljb]z hfg} kg]{ jfWofTds cj:yf lrq0f ul/Psf]
,
x}hfn] ylnP/ d[To'sf] d'vdf k'Ug nfu]sf ;fyLnfO{ 5f]8]/ lxF8\g]
dbgsf ;fyLx? tTsfnLg ;x/L ;dfhn] x'sf{Psf dfgjtfljxLg,:jfyL{ / s[lqd
JolStx? ;x/L kl/j]zdf cfPsf,
bof ,wd{,;xof]u / lg:jfy{ dfgjLo ;]jfefj hLljt 5 ef}lts ljnfl;tf
5}g ,s[lqdtf 5}g ul/aL 5 wgsf] nf]e nfnr 5}g eGg] u|fdL0f kl/j]z
cfPsf ,
k/nf]s ;kfg{ oxL nf]sdf wd{ ug'{ kb{5 eGg] dbgsf] cfdfdf
k/Dk/fut ?l9 / cGwljZjf; /x]sf] ,
O{Zj/k|ltsf] cf:yf == gdfg 8/ O{Zj/ e/ ,a'emfO{ a;] dfg,
=======================================
============
O{Zj/ O{Zj/ tF dfq d]/f] jgdf ;fyL 5;\ ,

=======================================
===================
x] kz'klt x] u'XoZj/L . Kof/fsf] ufyfdf
ga;f];\ w'nf], glaemf];\ sfF8f , d\nxf];\ ;fydf .
d'gfdbg ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L
!= d'gfdbgsf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f !((^ df xflsd df:6/ v8\udfg dNnsf] k|
aGwaf6 !))) k|lt 5flkof] .
@=;femf k|sfzgaf6 g} ;f]x|f}+ k6s ePsf] kRrL;f}+ ;+:s/0f @)^%
df !,)),))) k|lt 5flkof],
#= ;a} eGbf w]/} k|sfzg ePsf] v08sfJo ,
$= ;flxTosf/ afns[i0f ;dsf cg';f/ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f tLgrf]l6 hGd]
d'gfdbg, zfs'Gtn / kfunl;t ,
%= d'gfdbg afx]s d]/f c? ;a} s[ltx? hnfO lbP klg x'G5 zfGtejg
c:ktfndf b]xfj;fg x'g' cufl8 eg]sf] ,
^= d'gfdbg v08sfJonfO{ @)!^ ;fnsf] cf7f}+ ;+:s/0fdf s]xL kl/jl{t
u/L yKg] sfd ePsf] ,
&= d'gfdbg v08sfJo g]jf/L nf]suLt hL jof n5L db'gL af6 k|efljt
n]lvPsf],
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? M
!= nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf v08sfJout k|j[lTtx?sf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
@= d'gfdbgv08sfJosf] ljifoj:t'sf] ;dLIff ug'{xf];\ .
#= d'gfdbg v08sfJosf sfJofTds ljz]iftfdfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
$= d'gfdbgv08sfJodf kfOg] ;fdflhs kIfdfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
%= d'gfdbg v08sfJon] ;dfhnfO{ s] s:tf ;Gbz lbPsf] <
^= dbgsf rl/qdf kfOg] rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx? pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
&= d'gfsf rl/qdf kfOg] rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx? pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
*= ef]6]sf] hLjg bz{g s:tf] 5 <
(= wgsf af/]df d'gf / dbgsf b[li6sf]0fdf ljeGgtf b]vfpg'xf];\ .
!)=d'gfdbg v08sfJodf k|s[lt lrq0fsf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
!!= d'gfdbgv08sfJodf kfOg] kl/j]zsf] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .

dfwj k|;fb l3ld/] / pgsf] /fi6lgdf{tfv08sfJo

hLjgL
hGd / hGd :yfg M lj=;+= !(&^ c;f]h & k':t'g ,ndh'
lzIff M zf:qL
;Ddfg / k'/:sf/ Mlqe'jg k|1f k'/:sf/ -@)@#_
;Ltf/fd ;flxTo k'/:sf/ -@)%)_
cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{ k'/:sf/-@)%@_
;fj{hlgs clegGbg -@)%#_
j;'Gw/f >L k'/:sf/-@)%^_
e"kfndfg l;+x sfsL{ k|1f k'/:sf/-@)%^_
cd]l/sf g]kfn d}qL ;dff/f cleGfGbg-;g\ @)))_
g]kfnL ;flxTo ljsf; kl/ifb\ o'=s]=f/f clegGbg-@)))_
k|d'v k|sflzt sfJos[ltx? M
sljtf ;\u|x
gjd~h/L-!($!_
lsGg/ lsGg/L-@)#(_
afnsljtf ;\u|x
3fdkfgL-@)!)_
afnnx/L-@)@^_
;'gkG5Lr/LsfJo lrGtg M cfkm\g} afF;'/L cfkm\g} uLt
uLltgf6s M
zs'Gtnf-@)#@_
dfntL d\un]-)#%_
ljifsGof
lxdfnkfl/ lxdfnjfl/
cZj:ydf
b]psL-@)%^_
v08sfJo M
kflkgL cfdf-@)!#_
gofF g]kfn-@)!#_
uf}/L-@)!%_
/fh]Zj/L-@)!&_
/fi6lgdf{tf-@)@#_
wtL{dftf-@)#)_

/fx'n ozf]w/f-@)#%_
OGb|s'df/L-@)%&_
Dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf k|d'v v08sfJout ljz]iftfx?
!= dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] :jR5GbjfbL efjwf/fsf v08sfJosf/ x'g\ .
@= dfgj hLJfg hut\sf ;'v / b'Mv b'j} kIfnfO{ snfTds / ;f}Gbo{d"ns ?
kdf cleJoSt ub{5g\ ,
#= sfJodf af}lstf eGbf ;/ntf kfOg' ,
$= ;t\ / c;t\ kfqx?sf] k|of]u , ;t\ kfqn] cfbz{ efj tyf c;t\ kfqn] ;dfhsf]
jf:tljstfsf] k|ltlglwTj
%= P]ltxfl;s,;fdflhs,nf]sufy / kfl/jfl/s ljifoj:t:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ v08sfJo
/rgf ug]{, /fi6lgdf{tfv08sfJo P]ltxfl;s ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t 5 ,
^= pgL /fi6k|ltsf] k|]d, g]kfnL hfltk|ltsf] ,/fl6o jL/jL/\ugfk|lt
;Ddfgsf] efj k|s6 u5{g\ ,
&= dfgjtfjfbL b[li6sf]0f /fV5g\ ,
*= zf:qLo 5Gb / nf]s 5Gb b'j}sf] s'zn k|of]Stf clg jfl0f{s 5Gbsf ;fy}
em\ofp/] 5Gbsf] klg k|of]u u5{g\
(= v08sfJodf /; k|;:t kfOg' ,
!)= efiffz}nL kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t x'g'sf ;fy} Jofs/0ffTds b[li6n] z'
efiffsf] k|of]u ug]{ ,
!!= ldtJooL efiffsf] k|of]u ug]{ ,yf]/}df w]/} eGg ;Sg] jf ;'qfTds
efiffsf] k|of]u u/L n]Vg] ,cflb .
/fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJo M
v08sfJosf] gfd /fi6lgdf{tf
v08sfJosf] /rgf sfn lj=;+=@)@# ;fn
k|sflzt ldlt @)#)
v08sfJo hDdf !@* Znf]sdf ;+/lrt, pkhflt 5Gb, pkdf / cg'k|f; cn\sf/ ,;
+jfbfTds z}nL , t[tLo k'?if jf jfx\o b[li6laGb'df n]lvPsf]
/fi6lgdf{tfsf] zflAbs cy{ gofF /fi6sf] ;+/rgf / ;\u7g ug]{ JolSt
x'G5
P]ltxfl;s v08sfJo
g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f cleofg ;~rfng e} /x]sf] a]nf bndb{g zfx lht]sf] /fHo
efu nufpg] kIfdf plePsf] 5 eg] k[YJfLgf/fog zfx /fHo c+z nufpg] j:t'
xf]Og /fHo eg]sf] t cv08 x'G5 eGg] kIfdf plePsf] 5 .

/fHo ljv08gdf xf]Og ,PsLs/0fdf ;'b[9 x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ cfleJoSt 5 .


syfj:t'
kfqx?
d"n kfqx? M
!= k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx M
v08sfJosf gfos, PsLs/0f cleofg stf{ ,cfw'lgs g]kfnsf lgdf{0f stf{
,jL/efjgf af]s]sf JolSt , b"/bzL{ of]f ,
ljvl08t /fi6 x]g{ grfxg] ,6'qm] /fHox?nfO{ ldnfP/ ljzfn g]kfnsf]
cfsf\Iff /fVg[] /fi6eSt ,
/fi6el/sf hghflt ,wd{ / ;dfhsf ljljw kIfx?df Pstf rfxg] JolSt ,
s]xL ljrf/x? M
kfl/G5 ;Ttf ha v08 v08
/xG5 s] /fi6 ToxfF cv08 <
y'ltG5 kTtf ha vft vft
l;lG5 zf]ef clg km"naf6
@= bndb{g zfx
v08sfJosf ;xgfos ,k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxsf efO ,JolStut ;d'Gglt / k|
ultsf] lrGtf ug]{ ,o'af6 ys]sf clg 8/fPsf ,:jtGq zf;s aGg] rfxgfn] ubf{
n8fOFdf cfh]{sf /fHo afF8kmfF8 ug{ rfxg] ,ljv08gjfbL, ;\sL0f{ ;f]r
ePsf] JolSt cflb .
df6f] hxfFsf] d'6'n] 5'Fb}g
ToxfF xl/of] ddtf x'Fb}g
sf]/N5 rNnf Tolt dfq kf]yL
Gofgf] e'jfn] hlt ;S5 5f]kL
kl/j]z
b]z M tTsfnLg g]kfnL e"efusf] k|l; 7fpF uf]vf{ xf] . To:t} g]kfnL
e"efusf
:yfgx?
Wf}nflul/,sf7fdf08f}F
pkTosf,g'fjfsf]6,
kfNkf,h'Dnf,r'/]kxf8,s'Des0f{,sf];L,/f];L,sf0ff{nL,uG8sL,dxfsfnL,>fj:t
Lhgsk'/,ef]6 db];,n]s, z/b\ Ct' ,lxdfnL,kxf8L / ;dy/ kmfF6x?sf] ;'Gb/
kl/b[Zo,uf]vf{sf P]ltxfl;s k|l; :ynx? tyf g]kfnL cGo e"efux? cfPsf 5g\
.

sfn jf ;do M g]kfn PsLs/0f cleofgsf] ;do cyjf c\u|]h ;fd|fHolj:tf/sf


cjlw cyjf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf pbok"j{ b]lv hLJfg cjlw:Dd cyjf lj=;+= !
*)@ b]lv !*@^ ;Dd /x]sf] kfOG5 .
d"nefj
/fi6gdf{tf v08sfJosf] ljifoj:t' M
g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f e}/x]sf] a]nf k[YjLgf/f0f zfx ljzfn g]kfnsf] ;kgf
b]lv/x]sf lyP eg] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf efO bndb{g zfx eg] ljzfn g]kfnsf]
rfxgfdf gnfuL cfkm"n] cfh{g u/]sf] /fHo afF8kmfF8 u/L P];cf/fddf
nfUg' kg]{ ;f]rdf lyP .
oxfF Psflt/ cv08 / ljzfn /fi6sf] lgdf{0f u/L ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ ;'vL / ;d[ agfpg] rfxgfsf] k|ltlglwTj k[YjLgf/f0f zfxn] u/]sf
5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ /fi6 6'qm\ofpg] / sdhf]/ kfg{ rfxg] :jfyL{ tTjsf] k|
ltlglwTj bndb{g zfxn] u/]sf] 5 .
of] bfh' efOdf b]lvPsf] /fHo PsLs/0f ;DaGwL ljjfb xf] . of]
P]ltxfl;s ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t,5 .
k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx M ;"of{:t s}No} gx'g] lxdflb|
d}nfO{ vf]Hg] o'usf] d ofqL .
cxf] clj>fGt a9]/ hfpFm
sxfF lsgf/f o;sf] d kfpFm ..
bndb{g zfx M df6f] hxfFsf] d'6'n] 5'Fb}g
ToxfF xl/of] ddtf x'Fb}g .
sf]/N5 rNnf Toltdfq kf]yL
Gofgf] e'jfn] hlt ;S5 5f]kL ..
/fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJodf ljrf/ M
6'qmf6'qmfdf ljeflht g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] ;kgf b]Vg] JolStTj
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx g} x'g\ . pgsf ;\s'lrt / :jfyL{ ljrf/sf efO lhlt;s]sf /fHo
bfh'efOaLr afF8]/ P]; , cf/fdsf ;fy hLjg latfpg rfxG5 . k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfxsf ljrf/x? M
kfl/G5 ;TTff ha v08 v08 /xG5 s] /fi6 ToxfF vv08 <
y'ltG5 kTtf ha vft vft l;lG5 zf]ef clg km"naf6 ..
efOnfO{ ;DemfpFb} M
lanf] lnPem}+ z/df pg]/,of] /fHo afF8\g] rLh
x}g x]/ .

/fHosf] cl:tTj v08df x}g Pstfdf alnof] x'G5 To;}n] /fi6nfO{


;an / Pstfa ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ eGg] ljrf/ sfJodf b]lvG5 .
/fi6lgdf{0f v08sfJosf j}rfl/s leGgtf M
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / bndb{g zfx b'a} bfh' efO PsLs/0f cleofgdf
nfu]sf] ePtf klg b'O{ efOsf rl/qdf lgs} leGgtf kfpg ;lsG5 . oL leGgtf
g} sfJosf j}rfl/s leGgtf klg x'g\ .
!= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;f]rfO pbfTt lsl;dsf] 5 eg] bndb{g
zfxsf] ;f]rfO JolStjflbtf kfpg ;lsG5 ,
@= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx ;Dk"0f{ /fHojf;Lsf] Wofgdf s]Gb|Lt /x]sf]
b]lvG5 eg] bndb{g zfx cfkm" / cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] ;LdfeGbf k/ k'Ug
;s]sf] kfOGb}g,
#= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx /fi6lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df /f]lsg rfxFb}g
t/ bndb{g zfx P]; cf/fdsf ;fy hLjg latfpg rfxG5 ,
$= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx u|fDo ef]u ug{ rfxFb}gg\ ,bndb{g zfx /fHo
afF8]/ /fhf aGg rfxG5 ,
%= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx PsLs/0f o'af6 efUg / lj>fd lng rfxFb}gg\
t/ bndb{g zfx PsLs/0f cleofgaf6 yfls;s]sf 5g\ .
^= bfh' /fhf aGg' ;fdfGo 7fG5g\ bndb{g zfx /fhf aGg nfnflot
5g\ ,
&= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxnfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/k|lt lrGt 5}g t/ bndb{g
zfxnfO{ bfh'sf ;Gtfgn[] dfq /fHo ;~rfg unf{g\ cfkm\gf kl/jf/ eljiodf
uP/ xnf] dfq hf]Tnfg ls eGg] lrGtf 5 .
*= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ljrf/df /fHo;Ttfsf] ljefhg PsLs/0fsf] ljk/Lt
s'/f xf] ,/fHonfO{ 6'qm\ofpg' eGbf /fhf aGg cfu|x ug{ k'U5 , t/
/fHonfO{ afF8g] kIfdf g} /xG5 , cflb .
(= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ljrf/df /fHo M
bndb{g
zfxsf] ljrf/df /fHo M
Kffl/G5 ;Ttf ha v08 v08
df6f] hxfFsf]
d'6'n] 5'Fb}g
/xG5 s] /fi6 ToxfF cv08 <
ToxfF xl/of]
ddtf x'b}g
y'ltG5 kTtf ha vft vft
sf]/N5 rNnf Tolt
dfq kf]yL

l;lG5 zf]ef clg km"naf6 ..


Gofgf] e'jfn]
hlt;S5 5f]kL ..
v08sfJosf dxTjKf"0f{ k\lStx? M
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx
v]nL l;Fuf}/L ,lz/dfly df6L
8'qmG5' ;fF9];l/ jL/hflt
xf] d[lTtsf s]jn ;fWo tTj
xf] d[lTtssf s]jn l; tTj
cfP/ s}No} Ct' l;lFb}g
nfP/ dfof d'6' l/lTtFb}g
:jLsf/ dfq} u/ Ps af/
;+;f/ ltd|} clg af/ af/
;"of{:t s}No} gx'g] lxdflb|
d}nfO{ vf]Hg] o'usf] d ofqL
cxf] clj>fGt a9]/ hfpFm
sxfF lsgf/f o;sf] d kfpFm
v]n]/ P]x|f d[u Ps df/L
afF8L sn]hf] hlt 5g\ lzsf/L
lanf] lnPem}F z/df pg]/
of] /fHo afF8\g] lrh x}g x]/
ls jL/ aG5g\ j;'w}jef]uL
ls aGb5g\ hLjgd'St of]uL
lnP/ hGDof] h'g /fhof]u
ub}{g Tof] s]jn u|fDoef]u
kfl/G5 ;TTff ha v08 v08
/xG5 s] /fi6 ToxfF cv08 <
y'ltG5 kTtf ha vft vft
l;lG5 zf]ef clg km"naf6
cfgGb cfh} ;a Ko"g x}g
;+;f/ cfkm}Fel/ Ho"g x}g
xf]ldG5' d},xf]Db5' jL/ d]/f
d 3]5'{ PSn} r'ln ;ft k]m/f
h'wL h'wL afbn Sof sdfn
lgsfNb5g\ sflTtsdf lxdfn
bndb{g zfx M
;+;f/ s] xf]lbg/ft n8\g'

;+;f/ s] xf]cem a9\g' a9\g'


;jfn o:t} / hafkm o:t}
5 dfg'{ of dg'{ /jfkm h:t}
taf{/ sfnLhndf kvfnL
;'ulGw y'\uf] km'nsf] prfnL
a;f}F pHofnf] lxdz}n x]/L
lj>flGtsf] zLtn Zjf; km]/L
tf]/L km'nL ;Dy/ /Do
x'G5
uf]/L r'nLsf] lz/ /Do
x'G5
gkfOg] hf] hlt /Do
x'G5
Tof] :jKg h:t} clt /Do
x'G5
Dff6f]

hxfFsf]

d'6'n]

5'Fb}g
ToxfF x/Lof] ddtf x'Fb}g
sf]/N5 rNnf Tolt dfq kf]yL
Gofgf] e'jfn] hlt ;S5 5f]kL
v08sfJo ;DaGwL s]xL yk s'/fx? M
xf] d[lTtsf s]jn ;fWo tTj
xf] d[lTtsf s]jn l; tTj
cfgGb cfh} ;a Ko'g x}g
;+;f/ cfkm}Fel/ Ho"Fg x}g
of] 3fd5fof / sn}snfsf]
g]kfn xf] b]jn gf}tNnfsf]
afpGg 9f]sf k|x/L d lbG5'
lvof gnfUg] v's'/L d lbG5' .
g8'Ag' bfHo} lsg :jfGtleq
ldlnGb em}F d'Ub d/Gbleq
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx? M

!= v08sfJosf/ dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf k|d'v k|j[lTtx? 7Dofpg'xf];\ .


@= /fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJosf] ljifoj:t'sf] ;dLIff ug'{xf];\ .
#= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / bndb{g zfxsf rl/qdf s] s:tf j}rfl/s leGgtf kfOG5
< /fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJosf] cfwf/df rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
$=k[YJfLgf/fo0f zfxsf rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx?sf] af/]df /fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJosf
cfwf/df rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
%= bndb{g zfxsf rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx?sf] af/]df /fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJosf
cfwf/df rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
^= /fi6lgdf{tf v08sfJodf s:tf] ljrf/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 <
Jff
/fHosf] c+z ug{ rfxg] efOnfO{ k[YjLgf/f0f zfxn] /fi6lgdf{tf
v08sfJodf s] s;/L ;DemfPsf 5g\ <

v08sfJosf/ l;lr/0f >]i7 / pgsf] cfF;' v08sfJo


hLjgL
hGd / hGd :yfg Mlj=;+= !(^( h]7 ( cf]vn9'\uf
d[To' M @)$( h]7 @@ ut]
lzIff M sIff * pTtL0f{
k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg M
lqe'jg k'/:sf/ -@)@&_
/Tg>L :j0f{kbs -@)#!_
k[YjL k|1f k'/:sf/ -@)$%_
j]blglw k'/:sf/ -@)$^_
k|d'v k|sflzt sfJos[ltx?
sljtf ;\u|xx?
d]/f] k|ltljDj -@)@!_
sf]lknf -@)@!_
s'lx/f] / 3fd -@)$%_
l;lr/0fsf k|ltlglw sljtf -@)$%_
lt/ld/ tf/f -@)$^_
afFlr/x]sf] cfjfh -@)$^_
v08sfJox?
pj{zL -@)!&_
gf}NfL -@)@)_

Hofgdf/f z}n /rgf @)@# / k|sfzg @)%^


d\undfg -@)$(_
cfF;' -@)%)_
zj/L
ljZjJofyf
h'gls/L
aflnaw
eLd;]g
o' / zflGt
cfTdf lanf}gf cflb .
v08sfJosf/ l;lr/0f >]i7sf ljz]iftfx? M
!= l;lr/0f >]i7 :jR5GbjfbL slj x'g\ ,
@=
pgsf
v08sfJodf
af}lstfeGbf
xflb{stf,kl/isf/eGbf
;xh
:jt:km"t{ efjfleJoStsf] k|jntf kfOG5,
#= pgL k|ultjfbL v08sfJosf/ x'g\ , pgsf sfJodf qmflGt / ljb|f]xsf efj
kfOG5 .
$= pgsf v08sfJox? kf}/fl0fs ,;fdflhs tyf /fhlglts ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t 5g\ ,
%= pgL k|s[ltsf] ;hLj lrq ptfg]{ u5{g\ ,k|s[ltnfO{ h8 gagfP/ ljj]s /
r]tgfn] l;\ufg]{ u5{g\ ,
^= pgL kfqx?nfO[{ cfb{zL{s/0f gu/L oyfy{jfbL 9\un] lrq0f ub{5g\,
&= pgL cfVofgd"ns tyf cfVofxLg b'j} k|sf/sf sfJo n]V5g\ ,
*= l;lr/0f dfgjtfjfbL v08sfJosf/ x'g\ ,
(= ;dfh ;'wf/sf] cfu|x ug]{ logL o'usf] dd{nfO{ cfkm\gf] v08sfJodf
ptfg]{ u5{g\ ,
!)= pgL sf]dn kbfjnLsf] k|of]u u5{g\ ,
!!= jfl0f{s,j0f{dflqs,dflqs ,d'St / ub\o nodf v08sfJo n]Vg] u5{g\ ,
!@= pgL sfJodf cg'k|f;,pkdf ,?ks cflb h:tf cn\sf/ k|of]u u5{g\ .
cfF;'v08sfJo ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
cfF;' v08sfJo klxnf] k6s @)%) ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] xf] ,
of] v08sfJo k|ultafbL ljrf/df cfwfl/t 5 .
of] n3' sfJo xf] ,
o; v08sfJodf ;dfhdf JofKt c;dfgtf,s'/Llt ,ul/aL, zf]if0f,e|i6tf b]v]/
jf wd{ ,k'0o / Gofosf

7fpF kfk / cGofon] cfafb ul//x]sf] b]v]/ slj ;dok|lt cfqmf]z JoSt
u5{g\
cfkm\gf] j/Lk/L j]bgf / ljiffb\ km}lnPsf] j]nf dfgj cfglGbt eP/ a:g
g;Sg] ,
;dfhdf JofKt ljs[lt / lj;\ltsf] k|efjsf/L lrq0f ul/Psf] ,
;dfh ;'wf/sf] cfu|x ul/Psf],
d"nefjM
sljsf cg';f/ cfF;' ;[li6sf] z[\uf/ xf] .
slj xfF:gnfO{ ?g'k5{ eG5g\,
pgL o; k[YjLdf ;Tosf] hLt / >dsf] df]n vf]H5g\ ,
ljifdtfsf] cfuf] lgefpg cfF;' jf kfgL dfU5g\ ,
k[YjLnfO{ bUwtf arfpg cfF;' emf/ eGg] ;Gb]z dflg;;Dd k'ofpg
rfxG5 ,
zf]if0f/lxt ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] cfu|x ,
k[YjLdf ePsf] ljifdtf x6fP/ ;dtf sfod ug{ qmflGt cfjZos ePsf]
dx;'; ug'{,
kL8f / dd{ gef]u]sf JolStn] qmflGt ug{ g;Sg] efj ,
tTsfnLg /f0ffzf;g sfnsf zf]if0f lj? zf]if0flj/f]wL wf/0f cleJoSt ,
zf;sn] cfkm\gf] ;'v;onnfO{ dfq x]g'{ x'b}g ,/fi6s} ;'v ;onsf
lglDt pkof]uL sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 eGg]
;Gb]z,
dfG5n] dfG5]nfO{ dfG5]sf]?kdf x]g'{ kg]{ dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/
cleJoSt ,
b]z / hgtfsf] d'lStsf nflu JolStn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ ,si6, / b'Mv la;]{/
cl3 a9g' kg]{ cfu|x ,
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k\lStx? M
cfF;' 5}g eg] gh/df
qmflGt To;n] u5{ s] / <
lzlz/sf] hf8f] gvfO{
5 / j;Gt v'n]sf]

dfgjLo cfFvfaf6 axg] cfF;'nfO{ b'Mvsf] k|tLsfTds cleJolStdfq


xf]Og pmhf{ jf zlStsf] jfxgsf ?kdf klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
cfF;'nfO{ ;+;f/sf] ljiffb kvfNg] Ps zlStzfnL xltof/sf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
cfF;'df
kl/jt{gsf/L
zlSt
5
.=======================================
========
dxTjk"0f{ k\lStx? M
z'is d?df x'Gg la?jf
kfgL ge} lhdL kl6Gg
cfF;'sf] glnO{ /;fg
;[li6sf] u'8\b}g kf\u|f
k[YjLsf ;Gtlt ;a} x'g\
xs a/fa/ afF8\g'k5{
xs x8Kg] /Lt s:tf]
n'6 xf] of] x6g'k5{
zflGt cfpm,zflGt cfpm
qmflGt ljKnj km"n cfpm
kmf/L sfnf] of] cFWof/f]
P pHofnf] Hof]lt cfpm s

s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx?M


!=v08sfJosf/ l;lr/0f >]i7sf d"ne"t k|j[lTtx?sf] lg?k0f ug'{xf];\ .
@= cfF;' v08sfJosf sfJout ljz]iftfx? s] s] x'g\ <
#= cfF;' v08sfJosf] d'Vo ljrf/ s] xf] <
$= cfF;' v08sfJosf] pb\b]Zodfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
%= cfF;'v08sfJosf] zLif{sLo ;fy{stf s;/L k'li6 ug{ ;lsG5 <
rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .

gf6s

gf6ssf] kl/ro-kl/efiff / tTjx?_


gf6s zAb g]kfnL efiffdf ;+:s[t efiffaf6 cfPsf] tT;d zAb xf] . of]
g6\ wft'df cs k|Too nfu]/ ag]sf] xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 /;flego ug'{
eGg] x'G5 . gf6snfO{ c\u|hLdf drama sf ;fy} play klg elgG5 . gf6s
clego d"ns ljwf xf] .
gf6s ;DaGwL ljleGg kl/efiff kfOG5g\ M
cj:yf ljz]ifsf] cg's/0f g} gf6s xf] .
wg~ho
cg]s efj / cj:yf ePsf] nf]s Jojxf/sf] cg's/0f g} gf6s xf] . cfrfo{ e/t
gf6sn] hLjgsf] cg's/0f ub{5 / of] j0f{gfTds geP/ clegofTds x'G5 .
c/:t'
gf6snfO{ k|s[lt k|ltlalDat x'g] bk{0f elgG5 .
leS6/ Xo'uf]
cfVofgfTds syfj:t' ePsf] dfgjhLjgsf] cg's/0f ug]{ clego k|wfg ;
+jfbfTds ljwf gf6s xf] .
8f=s]zjk|;fb pkfWofo
cfVofgfTds sYo ePsf] cg'sfo{k|wfg ;+jfbfTds ;+/rgf gf6s xf] .
df]xg/fh zdf{
dflysf] kl/efiffnfO{ cWoog ubf{ dfgj hLjgsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx?
sf] cg's/0f ;hLj ?kdf clegod"ns cleJolSt u/L bz{s / kf7ssf lglDt
dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug]{ ;flxTo ljwf gf6s xf] eGg ;lsG5 .

gf6ssf tTjx?
gf6ssf tTjx? lgDg 5g\ M
syfgs
rl/q
;+jfb

efiffz}nL

pb\b]Zo .

ljrf/
jftfj/0f
syfgs M 36gf jf sfo{x?sf] of]hgfa k|:t'ltnfO{ syfgs elgG5 .
syfgsdf ljifoj:t' d'Vo / ;xfos u/L ;+of]hg ug{ ;lsG5 . ljifoj:Tf'x?
P]ltxfl;s, kf}/fl0fs,wfld{s,/fhg}lts,;f+:s[lts cflbaf6 lnOPsf] x'G5 .
syfj:t'sf] k|:t'lt sfo{sf/0f ;DaGwsf cfwf/df bz{snfO{ sf}t'xn drfpg]
vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . syfj:t' ;+b]zd"ns x'g'k5{ .
rl/q M
gf6sdf k|d'v,;xofs / uf}0f u/L tLg k|sf/sf kfqx? x'G5g\ .
;+jfb M kfq kfqsf aLrdf ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL g} ;+jfb xf] . ;+jfb c:jfefljs
ge} 5f]6f], 5l/tf], :jfefljs af]nrfnsf] efiff x'g' kb{5 .
gf6sdf ;+jfb tLg k|sf/n] cfpg ;S5 M
!= k|sfz. k|ToIf M
/\ud~rdf kfq kfqsf aLrdf x'g] s'/fsfgL ,

@= :jut M
cfkm\gf] af/]df c? kfq kfqfn] g;'Gg] u/L
u/]sf] s'/fsfgL,
#= g]kYof]lSt jf cfsfzjf0fL M cfjfh dfq cGoq jf cfsfzaf6 ;'lgg] ;+jfb .
Effiffz}nL M gf6s k|:t't ug]{ dfWod efiff xf] / gf6\o/rgfsf] klt z}nL
xf] . efiff ;/n,;xh / snfTds clg k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ . cfjZostf cg':ff/
pvfg6'Ssf , lgkft / sYo efiffsf] k|of]u ug'k5{ .
pb\b]Zo. ljrf/ M gf6ssf dfWodaf6 bz{ssf dgdf kfg]{ k|efj g} pb\b]Zo
xf] . gf6ssf] ljleGg pb\b]Zo x'g;S5g\ ,h:t} M dgf]/~hg u/fpg' ,g}lts,
rl/qjfg ,oyfy{jfbL ,dfgjtfjfbL aGg] ;Gb]z lbg' cflb .
b]z, sfn / jftfj/0f M b]z ,sfn / jftfj/0f eg]sf] kl/j]z klg xf] . kl/j]z
;hLj / :jfleljs agfpg b[Zo s'g :yfg ,sfn,/ jftfj/0fsf] xf] ;f]xL adf]lhdsf]
lgb]{zg x'g' kb{5 .

g]kfnL gf6ssf] ljsf;qmd -k|d'v r/0f / k|j[lTtx?_


g]kfnL gf6ssf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ ltg r/0fdf ljefhg u/L cWoog ul/G5 M
k|fylds sfn lj=;+= !*%% b]lv !($# _
g]kfnL gf6ssf] k|fylds sfn zlStjNne cof{nf/f lnlvt lj=;+= !*%% sf]
xf:osbDaaf6 k|f/De ePsf] xf] . of] ;+:s[t efiffdf n]lvPsf] g]kfnL
cg'jfbsf] gf6s xf] . o;kl5 ejfgLbTtn] ljzfvbTtsf] gf6s d'b|f/fIf;sf]
cg'jfb lj=;+= !*(* df u/]sf lyP . o;sfndf n]lvPsf gf6ssf k|d'v k|j[lTtx?
lgDg lnlvt 5g\ M
;+:s[tefiffaf6 g]kfnLdf cg'jfb ug]{ k|j[lTt
j0f{gfTds 9\uaf6 gf6sLo syfj:t' l56f]l56f] cufl8 a9fpg' cyf{t
cfVofgfTds z}nLsf] k|of]u ,
d~rg cg's'n gx'g' ,
of] sfn g]kfnL gf6ssf] cfEof;sf] r/0f tyf dfWolds sfnsf] k[i7e"ldsf] r/0f
klg elgG5 .
dfWolds sfn - lj=;+= !($$ b]lv !(*% _
g]kfnL gf6ssf] dfWolds sfn df]tL/fd e6\6sf] gf6\os[ltx?af6 ;'?
ePsf] xf] . dfWolds sfnsf] yfngL x'g'df /f0ffx?sf] ljnf;L hLjgz}nL /
g]kfnL /fhgLltnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 . o; r/0fdf y'k|} gf6sx? pb"{ / kmf/;L
efiffaf6 c'lbt e} k|sflzt eP . o;sfnsf k|d'v gf6ssf/ / ltgsf gf6sx? M
gf6ssf/
gf6sx?

dftL/fd e6\6
zfs'Gtn -!($$ $*_
d]lbgLk|;fb /]UdL
1fg e\ut/\lu0fL-!(^)_
kxndfgl;+x :jfF/
c6naxfb'/-!(^@_
zDe'k|;fb 9'\u]n
/TgfjnL -!(&@_
n]vgfy kf}8\ofn
et[{xl/lgj]{b-!(&$_
;"o{ljqmd 1jfnL
ZofdLsdf/L-!(&$&%_
kf/;dl0f k|wfg
;'Gb/s'df/-!(&*_
/fdk|;fb ;Tofn
eSt k|Xnfb-!(*%_
o; sfnsf d'Vo k|j[lTtx? M
o; sfndf klg ;+:s[taf6 g} gf6sx? cg'jfb x'g' ,
;+:s[tsf] gf6s l;fGtsf] k|of]u x'g',
syfgsdf a9L dxTj lbg' kfq jf rl/qdf sd hf]8 lbg',
oyfy{eGbf a9L cfbz{lt/ hf]8 ,
gf6sx?df clt/~hgf ,ltn:dL / hf;';Lsf] afx'Notf /xg' cflb .
cfw'lgs sfn - !(*^ b]lv xfn;Dd _
afns[i0f ;df/f lnlvt d'6'sf] Joyf -lj=;+=!(*^_ df k|sfzg ePkl5 g]kfnL
gf6sdf cfw'lgs sfnsf] ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . o; wf/f leq d'Vot b'O{ wf/f jf
df]8 jf r/0f u/L ljefhg ug]{ ul/G5 . tL o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
!= klxnf]-k"jf{{_ df]8. r/0f. wf/f -!(*^ b]lv @)!@_ M
o; r/0fdf klg b'O{j6f k|j[lTtx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
s= cfbzf]{Gd'v oyfy{jfbL wf/f M o; wf/fsf gf6\o /rgfx?df ;fdflhs
,P]ltxfl;s,kf}/fl0fs nufot h'g;'s} ;|f]t eP klg ltgdf ;'wf/jfbL Pjd\
cfbz{jfbL efj's lrGtg /x]sf] kfOG5 . o; wf/fsf gf6s tyf gf6ssf/x? lgDg
5g\ M
gf6ssf/
gf6s
afns[i0f ;d
d'6'sfsf] Joyf-!(*^_,d's'Gb OlGb/f -!(($_,k|
Nxfb-!((%_
eLlglw ltjf/L
;xgzLnf ;'zLnf- !((%_,sfzLjf;-!((*_,rf}tf/f
nIdLgf/fo0f-@)@$_
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f
;fljqL :fTojfg- !((&_
v= oyfy{jfbL wf/f M
o; wf/fsf gf6sdf ljz' ;fdflhs
ljifoj:t'nfO{ oyfy{ 9uaf6 k|:t't ug]{ kl/kf6L /x]sf] x'G5 .o; wf/fsf
gf6s tyf gf6ssf/x? lgDg 5g\ M

gf6ssf/
gf6s
uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn
d;fg-@))#_,of] k|]d-@)!%_
jfz' zzL
tLg gf6s-@)@#_
dgaxfb'/ d'lvof
clg b]p/fnL ?G5 -@)#)_ , km]/L Oltxf; bf]xl/G5@)#@_
o; wf/fsf k|d'v k|j[lTtx? M
;fdflhs 36gfsf] oyfy{ k|:t'lt,
Gff/Ldfly k'?ifx?n] ug]{ b'Jo{jxf/sf] lrq0f
;fdflhs ;d:ofx?sf] lrq0f
:jR5GbtfjfbLsf] s]xL k|of]u,,
:yfgLo sYo cfwfl/t gf6s n]vg,
;fdflhs ,kf}/fl0fs,P]ltxfl;s cflb ljifoj:t',
k"jL{o tyf kfZrfTo gf6\ol;fGtsf] k|efj,
;'vfGt jf bM'vfGt ,
dfgjtfjfbL lrGtg kfOg',
ub\o kb\o b'j}z}nLsf] k|of]u cflb .
@M bf]:f|f]-pTt/f{_ df]8 . r/0f . wf/f -@)!# b]lv xfn;Dd_M
o; wf/fdf lgDg k|j[lTtx? /x]sf 5g\ <
s= dgf]j}1flgs jf dgf]ljZn]if0ffTd wf/f M
dgsf ljleGg cj:yfx?af/] k|sfz kfg]{ pb\b]Zon] n]lvPsf gf6sx? o;
cGt/ut kb{5g\ . afndgf]lj1fg ,gf/Ldgf]lj1fg, ck/fwdgf]lj1fg tyf
of}gdgf]lj1fgsf l;fGtx?sf] k|of]u o; wf/fsf] gf6sx?df e]l6G5 .o;
wf/fsf] gf6s tyf gf6sx? M
gf6ssf/
gf6s
uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn uf]7fn]
e';sf] cfuf]-@)!#_,RofltPsf] kbf{@)!^_,bf]if s:f}sf] 5}g-@)@&_
ljho dNn
sf]xL lsg a/afb xf];\ -@)!%_, lhpFbf] nf;
-@)!&_
o; wf/fsf k|j[lTt tyf ljz]iftfx? M
dfgl;s ljs[lt / dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] lrq0f,
k|mfo8f/f k|ltkflbt dgf]ljZn]if0ffTds l;fGtaf6 k|efljt,
36gfsf] eGbf rl/qsf] k|wfgtf,
Dfgj dgsf r]tg ,cr]tg ,of}g,afndg cflbsf] ;"Id ljZn]if0f cflb .
v= k|of]ujfbL wf/f M

cl:tTjjfbL,lj;\ultjfbL,cltoyfy{jfbL / k|tLsjfbLh:tf bfz{lgs dfGotfx?nfO{


Ps} 7fpFdf gofF 9\uaf6 k|of]u u/Lg] x'Fbf o; wf/fsf gf6sx? klg s]xL
hl6n lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . o:tf bfz{lgs dfGotf c\ufnL gf6s n]Vg] gf6ssf/
tyf gf6sx? M
gf6ssf/
gf6s
w|jrGb| uf}td
Tof] Pp6f s'/f-@)#)_,e:df;'/sf] gnL xf8-@)#&_
df]xg/fh zdf{
a}s'07 PS;k|];-@)$@_,oftgfdf 56k6fOPsfx?@)#(_
;?eSt
o'M pxL Uof; RofDa/leq -@)$)_,Oy/-@)$$_,gdfjLo@)%%_
uf]kfn k/fh'nL
;8skl5 ;8s-@)$^_
>j0f d'sf?
onDa/-@)%#_
o; wf/fsf k|j[lTTf tyf ljz]iftfx? M
k/Dk/fut gf6\o z}nLnfO{ Tofu]/ gofF z}nLdf gf6s n]Vg',
gofF gofF lsl;dsf laDa / k|tLsx?sf] k|of]u ub}{ r]tgk|jfxfTds z}nL jf
:j}/sNkgfd"ns 9\uaf6 o'uLg ;Gbe{sf] k|:t't ug'{,
cl:tTjjfbL,lj;\ultjfbL,cltoyfy{jfbL,k|tLsjfbL lrGtgsf] k|:t'lt ug'{,
cd"t{ ljifonfO{ ;"q / ;\s]tsf] k|of]uaf6 k|:t't ug'{ cflb .
gf6s / Psf\sLdf leGgtf
gf6s
Psf\sL
!=gf6sdf hLjgsf] ljljw ?ksf] lrq0f x'G5 .
hljgsf] Ps?ktf x'G5 .
@=gf6sdf cg]s kfq x'G5g\ .
Psf\sLdf ;Lldt kfq
x'G5g\ .
#=gf6ssf] syfj:t' lj:t[t x'G5 .
j:t'l:ylt cg';f/ syfsf]
cfjZos k|:t'lt x'G5 .
$=gf6sdf PseGbf a9L c\s x'G5g\ .
Psf\sLdf s]jn Ps
c\s x'G5 .
%=gf6sdf ljljw vfn] rl/qsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] x'G5 .
r/qlrq0fsf] tLj| /
;\lIfKttf x'G5 .
^=sf}t'xnsf] clglZrt l:ylt x'G5 .
k|f/Dedf g}
sf}t'xnsf] l:ylt x'G5 .
&=gf6sdf j0f{gfTdstfsf] clwstf x'G5 .
Psf\sLdf
Jo~hgfTdstfsf] clwstf /

k|efjzLntf x'G5 .
Psf\sLdf r/d;Ldfsf]

*= gf6sdf r/d;Ldf;Dd lj:tf/ x'G5 .


ljGb'df s]Gb|Ls/0f x'G5 .
(= gf6sdf 36gfsf] lj:tf/n] ubf{ syfgssf] ult
Psf\sLdf 36gfsf]
Go"gtfn] ubf{ syfgssf]
dGb x'G5 .
ult tLj| x'G5 .

gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;d / pgsf] d's'Gb OlGb/f


afns[i0f ;dsf] kl/ro M

gf6s

hGd / hGd:yfg M lj=;+= !(%(. !). @$ 1fg]Zj/ ,sf7df8f}F


d[To' M lj=;+= @)#*. $. ^
lzIff M cfO{=P:;L=
;]jf M g]kfnL efiff k|sflzgL ;ldltsf cWoIf !(()
uf]/vfkqsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs @)!@
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgsf pks'nklt @)!^ cflb
;Ddfg M ;femf k'/:sf/ @)@&
lqe'jg k'/:sf/ @)@(
k[YjL k|1f k'/:sf/ @)#%
s[ltx? M
gf6s
d'6'sf] Joyf !(*^
w|'j
!(*^
d's'Gb OlGb/f !(($
k|Xnfb
,efg'EfSt,k|]dlk08,cd/l;+x,eLd;]gsf]
cGTo,tndfly,cldt jf;gf,:jf:gL dfG5] cfbL .
Psf\sL M af]S;L !(((
et]/ @)!)
tkf]e"ld, rf/ Psf\sL, df6f]sf] ddtf ,s'?jf cflb .
pgsf k|d'v gf6\o k|j[lTtx? M

!= afns[i0f ;d cfw'lgs g]kfnL gf6ssf k|jt{s x'g\ ,


@=afns[i0f ;dn] ;fdflhs ,kf}/fl0fs ,P]ltxfl;s / :j}/sNkgfTds
ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t
gf6s n]V5g\ ,
#= afns[i0f ;d gf6sdf ub\o / kb\o b'j} efiffsf] k|of]u u5{g\
$=afns[i0f ;dn] k"jL{o gf6\o 9fFrfsf ;'vfGt / kfZrfTo gf6\o
9fFrfsf b'MvfGt gf6\o r]tgf ePsf
gf6sx? n]V5g\ ,
%=afns[i0f ;dsf gf6sx? n3'tdb]lv a[xb\ cfsf/df /rPsf 5g\ ,
^=afns[i0f ;dsf gf6sx?df pRr GfTdstf kfOG5 ,
&=afns[i0f ;d cfkm\gf gf6sx?df /fli6o k|]d / dfgjtfjfbL
b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ub{5g\ ,
*=afns[i0f ;dsf gf6sx?sf] efiff kl/isf/ / kl/dflh{t x'g'sf ;fy}
d~rgLo u'0fn] o'St x'G5g\ ,
(= afns[i0f ;dsf gf6sdf dgf]ljZn]if0ffTds / j}rfl/stf klg kfOG5
,cflb .
d's'Gb OlGb/f gf6s ljj]rgf
syfgs
kfqx?
d's'Gb OlGb/f
?kgf/fo0f
ejb]j
ljdfg k'gfrf

eLdlglw ltjf/L / pgsf] df6f]sf] dfof gf6s


eLdlglw ltjf/Lsf] kl/ro
hGd / hGd:yfg M lj=;+ !(^*. !!. #) l8NnLahf/ ,sf7df8f}F
d[To' M lj=;+ @)#). @. @( sf7df8f}F
lzIff M cfO{=P=
;]jf M g]kfnL efiffg'jfb kl/ifb\df hflu/] @))$
g]kfnL efiffg'jfb kl/ifb\sf cWoIf @)!(

lzIff ljefudf hflu/] @)@!


u[x dGqfnosf pk;lrj @)@*
;Ddfg M
uf]/vf blIf0fafx' @))(
k|an uf]/vf blIf0fafx' @)!)
/fHoleif]s kbs @)!#
dbg k'/:sf/ @)!&
lqzlStk6\6 @)@@
k|Voft lqzlStk6\6 @)@# cflb
k|sflzt gf6sx? M
;xgzLn ;'zLnf !((%
sfzLjf; !((*
k'tnL @))#
;Toxl/ZrGb| @)!#
l;fy{ uf}td @)!#
lznfGof; @)@#
rf}tf/f nIdLgf/fo0f @)@$
df6f]sf] dfof @)@&
cfTdxTof @)## cflb
eLdlglw ltjf/Lsf k|d'v gf6\o k|j[lTtx?
!= pgL ;fdflhs ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t gf6s n]Vg] ;fdflhs gf6ssf/ x'g\ ,
@= Oltxf;df 3l6t 36gf / Oltxf;;Fu ;Da kfq jf rl/qnfO{ l6k]/ gf6s
n]Vg] P]ltxfl;s gf6ssf/ x'g\ ,
#= k'/f0fdf jl0f{t 36gf / kfqsf] cfw/df gf6s n]Vg] kf}/fl0fs gf6ssf/
x'g\
$= gf6sdf ;'vfGt tyf b'MvfGt b'j} cGTosf] k|of]u u/L n]Vg] ,
%= pgL cfbzf]{Gd'v oyfy{jfbL gf6ssf/ x'g\ ,
^= pgLn] Psf\sL / k"0ff{\sL b'j} lsl;dsf gf6s n]v]sf 5g\ ,
&= gf6sdf Gsf] plrt ;dGjo kfOG5 ,
*= pgsf gf6sdf 36gfsf] k|wfgtf kfOg] x'Fbf pgL w6fgf k|wfg gf6ssf/
x'g\ ,
(= pgsf gf6s d~rg of]Uo 5g\ ,
!)=;fdflhs ljs[lt tyf lj;\ltk|lt ljb|f]xL efjgf /fVg] gf6ssf/ x'g\ ,

!!= pgsf gf6sdf b]z k|]d tyf ;fdflhs / ;f+:slts d"No dfGotf sfod
/fVg] ;Gb]z kfOG5 .
!@= ;fdfGo af]nrfnsf] efiff k|of]u u5{g\ , 5f]6f] 5l/tf] ;+jfbsf] k|of]u
u5{g\ ,cflb .

ljho dNn / pgsf] sf]xL lsg aaf{b xf];\ gf6s


ljho DfNnsf] kl/ro
hGdldlt / hGd:yfg M lj=;+= !(* c;f/ !) cf]daxfn sf7df8f}F
lzIff M cfO{=P:;L=
;]jf M
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;x;b:o
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;b:o ;lrj
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt
;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ M uf]/vf blIf0fafx' rf}yf] / bf];|f] -@)@@ / @)$! _
;femf k'/:sf/ @)@&
u\sLa;'Gw/f k'/:sf/ @)$(
e"kfndfgl;+x sfsL{ k'/:sf/ @)%#
j]b]lglw k'/:sf/ @)%#
k|sflzt gf6sPsf\sLx? M
/fwf dflGbg @))! -klxnf] gf6\o s[lt Psf\sL _
sf]xL lsg a/afb xf];\ @)!#
lhpFbf] nf; @)!&
ax'nf sfhLsf] ;kgf / ;ft Psf\sL @)@*
kYy/sf] syf @)@*
let]38L @)$)
ljho dNnfsf k|d'v k|j[lTt tyf ljz]iftfx?
!= ul/aL,zf]if0f,pTkL8gsf] eofjx / c:tJo:t cj:yf pEofP/ ul/aLsf] cGTo
lagf b]z ljsf; ;Dej 5}g eGg] k|ultjfbL gf6ssf/ x'g\ ,
@= emLgf] 36gfsf dfWodaf6 rl/qsf] ;zSt k|:t'lt ug]{ gf6ssf/ x'g\ ,
#= plrt / pko'St lsl;dn] dft[ :g]x gkfPsf afnsdf s'l07t dfgl;stfn]
afnsx?df b'i6 tyf ck/fwL :jefjsf] lgdf0f{ x'G5 egL dgf]j}1flgs
j:t'tYosf] pb\3f6g ug]{ gf6ssf/ ,

$= ;dfhdf JofKt ljs[lt ,lj;\ultx?nfO{ k|:t't u/]/ To;df ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5


egL cfu|x ug]{ gf6ssf/ ,
%+ ljho dNnsf gf6s ;'vfGt / b'vfGt b'j} vfnsf x'G5g\ ,
^=pgL gf6sdf cfkm\gf ljleGg ljrf/ ,cg'e"ltnfO{ gjLg k|tLs / ljDasf
;xfotfn] k|s6 u5{g\ ,
&= pgL gf6sdf hLjg lg:;f/ 5 ,To;leq klg dfG5] cl:tTjsf] nflu
;\3if{ u5{ egL b]vfpg rfxg] cl:tTjjfbL / lj;ultjfbL lrGtg /fVg] gf6ssf/
x'g\ ,
*= pgL cg's/0ffTds zAb,lTJf,lgkft,pvfg 6'Ssfsf] k|of]u ug]{ JolSt x'g\
cflb .

sIff !!
ljifo M P]lR5s g]kfnL
syf v08 M
c\s M#)
kf7\oef/ M $%
syfsf] kl/ro
pkGof; v08
c\s M @)
kf7\oef/ M#)
pkfGof;sf] kl/ro -kl/refiff / tTjx?_
pkGof; ;+:s[taf6 cfPsf] tT;d zAb xf] . of] Gof;-lg+c;\+3`\_ zAbdf
pk nfu]/ ag]sf] xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 glhs /fVg' .pkGof; ;flxTosf] Pp6f
k|d'v ljwf ePsfn] o;df hLjg hut\;Fu ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ glhs}af6 ;d]6]/
k|:t't ul/G5 . O6fnL efiffsf] gf]a]nf (novella) af6 c\u|hLsf] gf]a]n
(novel) zAb ag]sf] xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 clnslt gofF j:t' eGg] x'G5 .
pkGof;sf] cy{ a'em\g ljleGg ljfgx?sf] ljrf/ a'em\g cfJfZo x'G5 .
s]xL ljfgx?sf] kl/efiff lgDg 5g\ M
pkGof; eg]sf] jf:tljs hLjg ,rfnrng / cfkm\gf] ;dosf] tl:j/ xf] .
Snf/f l/A;
pkGof; ub\odf n]lvPsf] dxfsfJo xf] .
x]g/L h]D;
pkGof; ub\odf n]lvPsf] Tof] ljwf xf] h;df dfgj hLjgsf] lj:t[t kIf / ;Da
kl/j]zsf] k|:t'lt x'G5 .
df]xglxdf+z' yfkf

pkGof; rl/q Pjd\ 36gfx?sf] dfWodn] ;dfhsf] afXo / cfGtl/s ?k tyf


cj:yfnfO{ lrlqt ug]{ ;'lgof]lht syfgs / lglZrt cfofd ePsf] ub\odo cfVofg
xf] .
s]zjk|;fb pkfWofo
pkGof; dfgjLo hLjgsf] lrq0f ug]{ ljzfnsfo cfVofgfTds ub\o /rgf xf] .
df]xg/fh zdf{
pko{'St kl/efiffsf cfwf/df pkGof; eg]sf] hLjg hut\sf] lj:t[t ljifoj:t';Fu
;Da cfVofgd"ns :jfefljs k|s[ltsf] a[xt\ ub\o/rgf xf] .
pkGof;df lgDgadf]lhd ljifoj:t' /x]sf] x'g;S5 M
pkGof;df hLjg hut\sf] lj:t[t ;Gbe{ /xG5 ,
of] cfVofGfd"ns x'G5,
of] :jefljs k|s[ltsf] x'G5,
of] ub\odf n]lvG5,
o;sf] cfofd a[xt\ lsl;dsf] x'G5 , cflb .
pkGof;sf tTjx?
pkGof;sf] l;h{gfdf cfZjos pks/0f jf 36snfO{ pkGof;sf] tTj elgG5 .
pkGof;sf] tTjx? lgDgadf]lhd x'g;S5 M
s= syfgs jf syfj:t'
v= kfq jf rl/q
u= kl/j]z jf jftfj/0f
3= pb\b]Zo ,ljrf/
= efiffz}nL
r= b[li6ljGb'
5= zLif{s
s= syfgs M syfgsnfO{ syfj:t' klg elgG5 . syfgsdf ljleGg 36gf ,k|;\u
jf cj:yfsf] l;nl;nf ldnfOPsf] x'G5 . pkGof;sf] syfgsnfO{ P]ltxfl;s jf
kf}/fl0fs ,;fdflhs jf dgf]j}1flgs cflb ljleGg ljifo ldNbf] ;|f]tx?af6 lng]
ul/G5 . pkGof;df cflb,dWo / cGTosf] z[\vnf cfjZos kb{5 . ;fy}
sfo{ sf/0fsf] z[\vnfleq cfGtl/s tyf jfXoGsf] qmd klg lgdf{0f x'Fb}
hfg'kb{5 .
v= kfq M syfgsnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg cfPsf JolStx?nfO{ rl/q jf kfq elgG5 .
kfqx?sf] 3ftk|lt3ft ,Gk|ltG cyjf lqmofk|ltlqmofsf cfwf/df
syfgs ultzLn x'g] ub{5 . pkGof;df kfqx?nfO{ ln\usf cfwf/df M :qL /
k'?if, sfo{ jf e"ldsfsf cfwf/df M k|d'v, ;xfos / uf}0f ,k|j[lTtsf cfwf/df
M ;t\ / c;t\ , :jefjsf cfwf/df M a ,/ d'St u/L ljefhg ug]{ ul/G5 .

u= kl/j]z M kl/j]znfO{ b]z,sfn / jftfj/0f cyf{t kof{j/0f klg elgG5 .


kl/j]znfO{ cfGtl/s tyf afXo u/L ljefhg ul/G5 . cfGtl/s kl/j]zleq kfqx?sf]
dgf]nf]sdf b]lvg] xif{,cfzf,lj:dft,qmf]w,eo,kL8f,pTt]hgf,lrGtf cflb
kb{5g\ eg] afXo kl/j]zleq ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts,k|fs[lts,u|fdL0f ,;x/Lof
,/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o kl/j]zx? kb{5g\ .
3= pb\b]Zo M pkfGof;sf/ jf pkGof;n] pkGof;sf] dfWodaf6 k|:t't
ug{ rfx]sf] d"nljrf/,;Gb]z jf ;f/tTj g} pb\b]Zo xf] . ;flxTosf] pb\b]Zo jf
k|of]hg eg]sf] wd{,sfd,df]If,oz,Jofjxfl/s 1fg,g}lts lzIff cflb x'g\ tfklg
jt{dfg
pkGof;x?df
ljz]if
u/L
;fdflhs
ljs[ltlj;\ult
,dfgl;s
lqmofsnfk,/fli6ocGt/f{li6o o'uLg ;Gbe{x? k|sfz kfg'{ /x]sf]
kfOG5 .
= efiffz}nL M pkGof;sf/n] cfkm\gf ljrf/,36gf jf k|;\unfO{ JoSt ug{ /
cf}kGofl;s ;+/rgf k"/f ug{ efiffz}nLsf] cfjZos kb{5 . efiff cleJolSt xf]
clg cleJolStsf] tl/sf eg]sf] z}nL xf] . pkGof;sf] eflifs :j?k ;/n ,;xh
tyf ;Dk|]io k|s[ltsf] x'Fbf /fd|f] dflgG5 .
pkGof;df cg]s z}nLsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . Hf:t} M
j0f{gfTds,ljj/0ffTds,cfn\sfl/s,kqfTds,cfTdsyfTds,r]tgk|jfxTdfs cflb .
r= b[li6ljGb' M pkGof;df syfgs,kfq / kl/j]z cflbnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ dfWod
b[li6laGb' xf] . b[li6laGb' k|sf/sf 5g\ M k|yd k'?if / t[tLo k?if . k|yd
k'?ifnfO{ cfGtl/s tyf t[tLo k'?ifnfO{ afXo b[li6laGb' elgG5 .
5= zLif{s M pkGof;leqsf k|d'v kfqsf gfd,d'Vo ljifo jf kl/j]zsf cfwf/df
5gf}6 ul/Psf] ;f/ule{t gfd g} zLif{s xf] . of] pko'St x'g' kb{5 .
s]xL k|Zgx? M
!= pkGof;sf] kl/efiff lbO{ o;sf s'g} b'O{ tTjaf/] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
@= pkGof;sf k|d'v tTjx?af/] pNn]v ub}{ syfj:t'sf] :j?k / dxTjaf/]
rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
#= pkGof;df kfqx?sf] dxTj s] x'G5 < :ki6 kfg'{xf];\ .
$= cfw'lgs g]kfnL pkGof;sf] k|ydr/0fsf ljz]iftfx? s]s] x'g\ <
%= cfw'lgs g]kfnL pkGof;sf oyfy{jfbL / cltoyfy{jfbL wf/fsf aLrsf]
cGt/ s]nfpg'xf];\ .
cfw'lgs g]kfnL pkGof;sf] ljsf;qmd-k|d'v k|j[lTt / r/0f_

pkGof;sf/ ?b|/fh kf08] / ?kdtL pkGof;


kl/ro
hGd / hGd:yfg M lj=;+= !(&% r}q ,Ko'vf,sf7df08f}
lzIff M Pd=P=-Oltxf;_
;]jf / ;+nUgtf M lqrGb| sn]hdf k|fWofkg !(*@
b/af/ xfO :s'nsf k|wfgfWoks !(*$
lqrGb| sn]hsf k|rfo{ !((^
lzIff ;lrj @))*
k'/ftTj ljefusf lgb]{zs @)!)
/fli6o lzIff klt ;ldltsf cWoIf )!!
lgjf{rg cfo'St @)!%
lqe'jg ljZjljb\ofnosf pks'nklt @)@@ cflb
k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg M
;/bf/ kbjL
uf]/vf blIf0f afx' k|yd
lqzlSt k6\6 k|yd
k|sflzt pkGof;x?M
?kdtL !((@
rKkfsfhL !((#
k|folZrt !((%
k|]d @))%
x]/km]/ @)$(
b]xfj;fg M lj=;+= @)$$ sf7df08f}+
pkGof;sf/ ?b|/fh kf08]sf] k|j[lTt tyf ljz]iftfx?
!= g]kfnL ;dfh;Fu ;Da ;fdflhs dfGotf,k/Dk/f,/Lltl/jfh,rfnrng / ef]ufO
cflbnfO{ lnP/ snd rnfpg] ;fdflhs cfbzf]{Gd'v oyfy{jfbL pkGof;sf/ x'g\
,
@= pgL ;dfh / hLjgdf ;fdflhs tyf g}lts ;'wf/sf] rfxgf /fVg] JolSt x'g\
#= dfWolds sfnLg cg'jfb?kfGt/0fsf] k|j[lTtnfO{ cGTo ug]{ JolSt x'g\
$= gofF ljifoj:t' / z}nLlzNkleq /x]/ pkGof; l;h{gf ug{' pgsf] df}lns k|
j[lTTf dflgG5 ,
%= pgL JolStsf] rfl/lqs ljz]iftfnfO{ eGbf 36gf;Gbe{nfO{ dxTj lbg]
pkGof;sf/ x'\g\

^= ;t\ / c;t\ b'j}vfnsf kfq k|of]u ub}{ ;t\ kfqk|lt em'sfj /fVg] ,
&= pgL gf/L rl/qnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbG5g\
*= efiffz}nLut ;/ntf pgsf] cf}kGofl;s k|j[lTt dflgG5 , cflb .
?kdtL pkGof;sf] ljZn]if0f
syfj:t'
rl/qlrq0f
?kdtL
xljnfn
a/fnk'qL
/ljnfn
kl08TgL aHo}
kl/j]z
pb\b]Zo
cfbz{jfbL 9\uaf6 ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf] ck]Iff ug'{ ?kdtL pkGof;sf]
d"n pb\b]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
k|d'v pb\b]Zox?nfO{ lgDg adf]lhd pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
!= wfld{s cfWoflTds ;dfhsf] cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'
@= ;f+:s[lts dxTjaf/] k|sfz kfg'{
#=;f;"sf] x}sdjfbL k|j[lTt unt /x]sf] atfpg'
$= kfZrfTo ;Eotf / cfw'lgstfsf] lj/f]w ug'{
%= gf/Lx?sf] rfl/lqs sdhf]/L cf}+Nofpg'
^= s'nt jf b'Jo{;gsf] k|j[lTt cGTo x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'
&= ;t\kIfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt /x]sf] atfpg'
*= g]kfnL gf/Ldf lxGb" cfbz{sf u'0fx? /xg'k5{ eGg' ,cflb .
Effiffz}nL
zLif{ssf] ;fy{stf
s]xL k|Zgx? M
!= ?kdtL pkGof;nfO{ cfbzf]{Gd'v oyfy{jfbL pkGof;ssf ?kdf
lrgfpg'xf];\ .
@= ;fdflhs oyfy{sf] b[li6n] ?kdtL pkGof;sf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{xf];\ .
#= ?kdtL pkGof;ssf a/fnk'qL / /ljnfnsf ldNbfh'Nbf :jefjsf]
rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .

$= ?kdtL / a/fnk'qLsf] rl/qdf kfOg] leGgtfx? s]nfpg'xf];\ .


%= ?kdtLsf] rl/qdfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
^= ?kdtL pkGof;sf] kfqljwfgaf/] l6Kk0fL ug'{xf];\ .
&= ?kdtL pkGof;sf] ;f;"d08nLsf] ljz]iftfaf/] :ki6 kfg'{xf];\ .
pkGof;sf/ n}gl;+x af\b]n / dfO3/ pkGof;
pkGof;sf/sf] kl/ro
hGd / hGd:yfg M lj=;+= !(&( , bflh{ln ,ef/t
lzIff M snsTtfaf6 lrqdsnfdf :gfts
k]l/;df kfFr jif{;Dd o'/f]knL snf / ;flxTosf] cWoog
;]jf / ;+NfUgtf M nG8gdf cf:6fn cf6{ u|'ksf] lgb]{zs @)!&
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf ;b:o @)!&
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf pks'nklt @)#)
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf s'nklt @)#%
8]lg; ljZjljb\ofno / xfj{8 ljZjljb\ofno ,cd]l/sfdf km'na|fO6/
k|f]k|m];/ @)@%
g]kfn cf6{ sfplG;nsf ;+:yfks ;b:o / ;lrj
k|efj, lxdfn cflb klqsfsf ;Dkfbs
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf cflhjg ;b:o
k'/:sf/. ;Ddfg M /fli6o jL/]Gb| :j0f{snf kbs @)@!
8'lnrGb| uf]N8d]8n @)@#
z'e/fHoleif]s kbs @)#!
uf]/vf blIf0fafx' bf];|f] @)#$
n'gs/0fbf; u\ufb]jL k'/:sf/ @)%@
l;lSsd ;flxTo kl/ifb\f/f cleGfGbg @)%#
e'kfndfgl;+x sfsL{ k'/:sf/ @)%$
k|sflzt pkGof;x? M
d'n'saflx/ @))$
dfOt3/ @))%
n\u8fsf] ;fyL @))*
/]Da|fG6 @)@#
b]xfj;fg M lj=;+= @)%(
pkGof;sf/ n}gl;+x af\b]nsf] k|j[lTt tyf ljz]iftfx?

!=;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL pkGof;sf/


@=cltoyfy{jfbL pkGof;sf/ . oyfy{eGbf klg k/sf] cem} leqL
oyfy{sf] k|sfz kfg'{ ,
#= dfgjtfjfbL pkGof;sf/ . dfgj dfgjaLr Ps csf{df :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf /
e|ft[Tjsf] efjgf
/xg] ljrf/ JoSt ug]{ ,
$= s?0ff jf b'Mvsf kIfkftL pkGof;sf/ x'g\
%= k|s[ltsf] :jfefljs Pjd\ hLJf Gt lrq0f ug]{ pkGof;sf/ x'g\
^= cf~rlnstf jf :yfgLotfsf] ;Gb{enfO{ b;f{pg] ,
&= dflgl;s s'07fut kfqx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ ,
*=efiffz}nLut ;/ntf Pjd\ ;xhtf . 36gf;Gbe{cg';f/ cToGt ;/n
af]nrfnsf] efiff kfOg'
(=pkGof;df gf6sLotf ,sfJofTdstf tyf :yfgLotfsf] ememNsf] kfOg'
efiffz}nLut ljz]iftf
!)= lgDGf juL{o ;dfh clg k|jf;L g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oyfy{k/s
j:t'l:yltsf] cleJolSt kfOg' ,
!!=
syfgs
Rl/qlrq0f
;fgL
xl/
;'a]bfgL{
/Tgf
kl/j]z
pb\b]Zo
c= c;kmn k|]dnfO{ b;f{pg'
cf= s?0f kIf qf;b kIfnfO{ b;f{pg'
efiffz}nL
zLif{ssf] ;fy{stf
s]xL k|Zgx? M
!= dfOt3/ pkGof; b'MvfGTf x'g'sf sf/0fx?af/] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .
@= dfOt3/ pkGof;sf xl/ / ;fgLaLrsf] cJoSt k|]d;DaGwaf/] k|sfz
kfg'{xf];\ .
#= dfOt3/ pkGof;sL ;fgLsf] hLjgsf] ultaf/] k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .

$= dfOt3/ pkGof;ssf] zLif{ssf] ;fy{stf l; ug'{xf];\ .


%= ;k|;\u JofVof ug'{xf];\ M
s= d]/f] rf}/f;L nfv h'gLdf slxNo} km]/L cfOdfO{ eP/ hGdg'
gk/f];\ csf]{ hGddf tkfO{+;Fu d]/f] e]6
x'G5 ls x'Gg <
v= ;+;f/n] xfdLnfO{ r]nLdfOtLsf ?kdf b]v]sf] 5 , Tof] kljq aGwg
tf]8]/ xfdL s;/L ;+;f/sf ;fd'
afFRg ;S5f}+ .
u= x] w/tL dftf ca csf]{ hGddf t nf]Ug] eP/ g} hGd"F dnfO{
cfOdfO{sf] hGd lnP/ km]l/ cfpg'
gk/f];\ .
lgaGw v08
cs M @)
kf7\oef/ M #)
lgaGwsf] kl/ro -kl/efiff / tTjx?_
g]kfnL lgaGwsf] ljsf;qmd -k|d'v k|j[lTt / r/0f_
lgaGwsf/x?sf] kl/ro / lgaGwx?sf] ;fdfGo ljj]rgf
s= nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f / kxf8L hLjg lgaGw
v= x[borGb|l;+x k|wfg / h'Fuf lgaGw
u= s]zj/fh lk+8fnL / v}v} lgaGw
3= /fds[i0f zdf{ / ;u/dfyfdf t]lGh
= z\s/ nfld5fg] / cf}kfgfl;s kfq hLjgsf] k[i7e"lddf
r= cR5f /fO{ / e'F8L
5= Zofdk|;fb zdf{ / Ps 306f latfpg
h= tfgf zdf{ / /fl6tfsf] Hoflt x'nfs3/
em= e}/j cof{n / cd/fjtL sflGtk'/L gu/L
g]kfnL efiff
c\s M@) kf7\oef/ M #%
efiffsf] kl/ro
s;flxTo kl/ro
c\s M!) kf7\oef/ M !%

sIff !!
clgjfo{ M g]kfnL
g]kfnL Jofs/0f
g]kfnL af]w
cg'R5]b n]vg
s'g}
ljifodf
cfwfl/t
e}
cg]s
jfSox?df
n]vL
tof/
ul/g]
;\sygnfO{ cg'R5]b elgG5 . of] Ps} cg'R5]bdf Pp6} ljifosf] j0f{gsf]
l;nl;nf ldn]sf] / k"0f{ x'g'k5{ .
cg'R5]bsf tLg efu x'G5g\ . cflbefudf zLif{ssf] kl/ro:j?k uxg efj Ps
jfSo ,dWoefudf cfjZostf cg';f/ ljifo lj:tf/ / cGToefudf j0f{g ul/g] ljifosf]
lgisif{:j?k vFlbnf] Ps jfSo x'g'k5{ .

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