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  • Incompressible Flows Over Immersed Bodies (External Flow) : So Far, in This Course

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    Gourav Patidar
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    This document discusses external fluid flows over immersed bodies. It provides an overview of key concepts in external flows including boundary layers, drag, lift, drag reduction, drag enhancement, and flow visualization over a flat plate. Equations are presented for drag and lift forces as well as drag and lift coefficients. The document also reviews dimensional analysis in external flows and introduces potential flow solutions and D'Alembert's paradox.

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    Fluid mechanics external flow

    Original Title

    lec29_externalflow1

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    This document discusses external fluid flows over immersed bodies. It provides an overview of key concepts in external flows including boundary layers, drag, lift, drag reduction, drag enhancement, and flow visualization over a flat plate. Equations are presented for drag and lift forces as well as drag and lift coefficients. The document also reviews dimensional analysis in external flows and introduces potential flow solutions and D'Alembert's paradox.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views6 pages

    Incompressible Flows Over Immersed Bodies (External Flow) : So Far, in This Course

    Uploaded by

    Gourav Patidar
    This document discusses external fluid flows over immersed bodies. It provides an overview of key concepts in external flows including boundary layers, drag, lift, drag reduction, drag enhancement, and flow visualization over a flat plate. Equations are presented for drag and lift forces as well as drag and lift coefficients. The document also reviews dimensional analysis in external flows and introduces potential flow solutions and D'Alembert's paradox.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 6

    10/18/2016

    ESO204A,FluidMechanicsandRateProcesses

    Incompressibleflowsoverimmersedbodies
    (ExternalFlow)

    Chapter7ofFMWhite
    Chapter 9ofFoxMcDonald

    Sofar,inthiscourse
    o Fluidstatics
    o FluidKinematics
    o IntegralFormulation
    o DifferentialFormulation
    o Internal(pipeandduct)Flow
    o ExternalFlow

    ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

    10/18/2016

    Externalflowsare
    quitecommonin
    practice
    Studyofexternal
    flowsledtothe
    conceptof
    boundarylayer,
    oneofthecrucial
    developmentsin
    FluidMechanics

    DragandLift
    Lift:resultantForce
    normaltoflow
    direction

    Drag:resultantforceinflowdirection
    Flowdirection:directionoftheFreeStream
    (farawayfromthebody)

    ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

    10/18/2016

    Drugreduction
    (streamlinedbodyorairfoil)

    Dragenhancement
    (bluffbody)

    Drag:FD p cos w sin dA


    A

    Lift: FL p sin w cos dA


    A

    Dragcoefficient: CD FD u 2 A
    2

    1 2
    Liftcoefficient: CL FL 2 u A

    ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

    Projectedarea
    againsttheforce

    10/18/2016

    Drag:
    FD p cos w sin dA
    A

    Form(pressure)drag

    Viscous(friction)drag

    DominatesathighRe,
    Geometrydependent

    DominatesatlowRe

    Drag: FD w sin dA p cos dA


    A

    Viscous(friction)drag
    FD
    1 2
    u A
    2

    sin dA

    1 2
    u A
    2

    Form(pressure)drag

    p cos dA
    A

    1 2
    u A
    2

    CD CD ,viscous CD ,pressure

    ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

    10/18/2016

    Flowoveraflatplate
    Viscousforcedominates

    Dragisdueto
    viscousforce
    only

    Flownormaltoaflat
    plate
    Dragisprimarilydue
    topressuredifference
    acrosstheplate

    Flowvisualizationforflowoveraflatplate

    Dragisduetoviscous
    forceonly

    Flownormaltoaflat
    plate
    Dragisprimarilydue
    topressuredifference
    acrosstheplate

    ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

    10/18/2016

    Recalldimensionalanalysis
    Laminar: CD f Re

    LowRe CD

    Turbulent: CD f Re,
    d

    constant
    , creeping (Stoke's) flow
    Re


    HighRe CD constant (laminar) or f only (turbulent)
    d

    Inexternalflow,flows(closetoasmoothbody)
    usuallyremainlaminaruptoRe = ~105, unlike
    internalflows

    RecalldimensionlessNS/ContinuityEqns.
    u
    1 2
    u. u p
    u
    t
    Re

    .u 0

    TheaboveEquationsmaybesuccessfullysolved
    (formanycases)afterdroppingtheviscousterm
    (knownaspotentialflow)
    Potentialflowsolutionpredictszerodrag/liftfor
    allobjects,aphenomenonknownas
    DAlemberts paradox

    ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

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