TCVN

T I U C H U N Q U C G I A

THUYT MINH D THO

TCVN ... : 2015
CNG TRINH THUY LI - KT CU B TNG TRN
MI DC YU CU K THUT THI CNG VA
NGHIM THU
Interpretation Draft of Standard
TCVN.: 2015
Hydraulic Structures - Concrete Structures on a Slope Construction and Work Acceptance

HA NI - 2015

Mc Lc
1

S cn thit phi xy dng tiu chun.............................................................................2

Pham vi ap dung.............................................................................................................. 2

Tai liu vin dn............................................................................................................... 3

Thut ng va inh nghia..................................................................................................4

5 Quy inh v ky thut thi cng b tng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li...............................5
5.1 Yu cu ky thut chung....................................................................................................6
5.2 Vt liu sn xut b tng.............................................................................................7
5.3 Yu cu v nn mai dc...................................................................................................9
5.4 Chn thanh phn b tng (BT).........................................................................................9
6

Bo dng b tng........................................................................................................12

Thi cng BT trong iu kin kh hu c bit.................................................................13

Kim tra va nghim thu BT.............................................................................................14

8.1 Kim tra nghim thu vic lp dng cp pha....................................................................14

8.2 Kim tra cht lng vt liu...........................................................................................14
8.3 Kim tra cht lng thi cng BT thi cng trn mai dc..................................................16
8.4 Nghim thu BT trn mai dc.............................................................................................18

Thuyt minh d tho TCVN ... : 2015

Cng trinh thuy li - Kt cu b tng trn mi dc Thi cng va nghim thu
Hydraulic Structures Concrete Structures on a Slope Construction and Work Acceptance
1 S cn thit phi xy dng tiu chun
Nganh Nng nghip va Phat trin Nng thn ang s dung tiu chun TCVN 4453 : 1995
Kt cu b tng va b tng ct thp toan khi Quy pham thi cng va nghim thu va TCVN
8298 : 2009 B tng Thy cng Yu cu ky thut trong khi thi cng va nghim thu cac kt
cu b tng, b tng ct thp cac cng trnh thy li. Tuy nhin i vi cac kt cu b tng,
b tng ct thp thi cng trn mai dc mang tnh c th ring th cha c nhng quy inh
cu th trong cac tiu chun trn. Hn na hin nay cht lng cac kt cu b tng, b tng
ct thp thi cng trn mai dc (do rt nhiu nguyn nhn) cha c m bo. la cac kt
cu b tng, b tng ct thp trn mai knh dn nc, mai p a b tng bn mt,v.v
Cac kt cu b tng, b tng ct thp trn mai knh dn nc h hng gy ra s c cho rt
nhiu h thng knh mng, hin tng ln sut mai knh gy ra mt nc la rt ph bin.
Nhm nng cao cht lng cac cng trnh b tng thi cng trn mai dc, ap ng yu cu
quy chun ha vic thi cng va nghim thu cac kt cu nay, B NN&PTNT cu th la Cuc
Qun l xy dng cng trnh giao cho Vin Thy cng Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam
xy dng mi tiu chun Quc gia TCVN : 2015 Cng trnh thy li Yu cu ky thut
thi cng va nghim thu b tng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li.
Tn ca tiu chun ban u theo t hang ca Cuc Qun l xy dng cng trnh B
NN&PTNT la: Cng trnh thy li Yu cu ky thut thi cng va nghim thu b tng trn mai
dc cng trnh thy li. Tuy nhin, sau khi tham kho bn Tng cuc tiu chun th tn tiu
chun c vit lai la: Cng trnh thy li Kt cu b tng trn mai dc Thi cng va
nghim thu.

2 Pham vi p dng
Pham vi ap dung ca tiu chun nay ch s dung cho nhng kt cu b tng thi cng trc tip
trn nn cac mai dc cng trnh thy li thy in ( tai ch), v vy muc pham vi ap dung ch
gi gn trong vic thi cng b tng trc tip trn nn mai dc; Cu th c quy inh nh sau:
Tiu chun nay quy inh nhng yu cu v la chn vt liu, thit k cp phi, thi cng va
nghim thu cac kt cu b tng thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li thy in khng bao
gm cac kt cu b tng lp ghp va b tng phun vy va b tng mai p a b tng bn
mt. Cac n vi c lin quan khi thit k, thi cng, nghim thu cac cng trnh b tng trn mai

dc ngoai vic tun th cac quy inh trong tiu chun nay, con phi tun th cac tiu chun,
quy chun va cac vn bn Quy pham phap lut hin hanh c lin quan nhng khng trai vi
tiu chun nay.

3 Tai liu vin dn

Trong tiu chun nay vin dn cac tai liu sau y:
TCVN 6260 : 2009, Xi mng pooc lng hn hp - Yu cu ky thu t;
TCVN 2682 : 1999, Xi mng pooc lng - Yu cu ky thu t;
TCVN 3116 : 1993, B tng n ng - Phng phap xac inh chng thm nc;
TCVN 3118 : 1992, B tng n ng - Phng phap xac inh cng nen;
TCVN 3118 : 1993, B tng n ng - Phng phap xac inh hut nc;
TCVN 7570 : 2006, Ct li u cho b tng v va Yu cu ky thu t;
TCVN 7573 1 20 : 2006, Ct li u cho b tng v va Phng phap th;
TCVN 5592 : 2007, B tng n ng Yu cu bao dng m t nhin;
TCVN 1771 : 1987, a dm v si dng trong xy dng, yu cu ky thut;
TCVN 3105 : 1993, Hn hp b tng nng v b tng nng Ly mu, ch to v bao
dng mu th
TCVN 4506 : 2012, Nc tr n b tng v va Yu cu ky thut
TCVN 8826 : 2011, Phu gia ha hoc cho b tng
TCVN 1032 : 2014, Phu gia khoang hot tnh tro bay dng cho b tng, va xy dng v xi
mng,
TCVN 4453 : 1998, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thep ton khi - Quy phm thi cng v
nghi m thu;
TCVN 5592 : 1991, Bao dng b tng - Yu cu ky thu t;
TCVN 8218 : 2009, B tng thuy cng - Yu cu ky thu t;
TCVN 8219 : 2009, Hn hp b tng thuy cng v b tng thuy cng - Phng phap th;
TCVN 8228 : 2009, Hn hp b tng thuy cng - Yu cu ky thu t;
TCVN 8305 : 2009, Cng trnh Thuy li - Knh t - Yu cu ky thut thi cng v nghim
thu;
TCVN 9139:2012, Cng trnh Thuy li Kt cu b tng, b tng ct thep vng ven bin

Yu cu ky thut
ASTM C 618 - 12, Standard Specification for Caol fly-Ash and Row or Calined Natural
Pozzolan for Use in Concrete.
B Xy Dng: Ch dn k thut Chon thnh phn b tng cac loi Nh xut ban xy dng,
H ni - 2000

4 Thut ng va inh nghia

Trong tiu chun nay s dung cac thut ng va inh nghia sau:
4.1
Kt cu b tng trn mi dc (Concrete Structure on a Slope)
La loai b tng c cac tnh cht c l ap ng cac yu cu ca thit k va c thi cng trn
nn nghing vi phng nm ngang mt gc 0 & 180 o. Kt cu b tng thi cng trn
mai dc cng trnh thy li bao gm:
a) Kt cu b tng mai knh (Concrete Structure on a Canal Slope);
b) Kt cu b tng mai p (Concrete Structure on a Dam Slope);
c) Kt cu b tng b k sng (Concrete Structure on river Embankments) y la kin gp
ca ng Jorge Alvarez Sala Inter.Exp. of Civil Engineering UNDP
4.2
Cht kt dnh (Cementitious)
La hn hp ca xi mng va phu gia khoang hoat tnh k hiu la (CKD).
4.3
Nc mn (salt - water)
Nc c cha mui natri clorua (NaCI) hoa tan vi ham lng t 3 g/l n 10 g/l.
4.4
Nc chua phn (aliminous water)
Nc chiu nh hng ca t chua phn. t chua phn c c trng bi tng B 20
cm c ch s pH 3,5 va tng C 60 cm c ham lng lu hunh S 0,75 %.
4.5
Nc bin (sea water)
Nc bin thng thng cha trung bnh khong 3,5 % cac mui hoa tan gm: NaCI 2,73
%; MgCI2 32 %; MgSO4 0,22 %; CaSO4 0,13 %; con lai la KCl va K2SO4. Ngoai ra con mt
lng nh CO2 va O2 hoa tan.

4.6
Ph gia khong
La vt liu v c thin nhin hoc nhn tao pha vao b tng dang nghin min at c
ch tiu cht lng yu cu va khng gy nh hng n tnh cht ca b tng. Phu gia
khoang c phn thanh 02 loai:
- Phu gia khoang hoat tnh la phu gia khoang pha vao b tng dang nghin min c tnh
Puzlanc;
- Phu gia y la phu gia khoang pha vao b tng dang nghin min, ch yu ci thin
thanh phn c hat va cu trc a xi mng.

5 K hiu va thut ng vit tt

- BT : B tng
- BTCT: B tng ct thp
- BTTL: B tng t ln
- XM: Xi mng
- C: Cat
- : a
- CKD: Cht kt dnh
- N/X: T l nc trn xi mng
- N/CKD: T l nc trn cht kt dnh

a
.
b

- m : Mai dc m = cotg =

b
a
- i : dc i = tg

6 Quy inh v ky thu t thi cng b tng trn mi dc cng trinh thuy li
6.1 Yu cu ky thut chung
Khi thi cng b tng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li ngoai vic m bo tun th theo yu
cu ca h s thit k con phi ap ng cac yu cu ky thut c nu trong tiu chun
nay v thi cng va nghim thu.
6.2 Mt s kt cu b tng trn mi dc
6.2.1 Kt cu b tng mi knh

Hnh 1 Mt ct ngang kt cu b tng mai knh

6.2.2 Kt cu b tng mi p

Hnh 2 Mt ct ngang kt cu b tng mai p t

6.2.3 Kt cu b tng mi k b sng

Hinh 3 Mt ct ngang kt cu b tng mi b k sng

5.2 Vt liu sn xut b tng

Tt c cac vt liu phuc vu thi cng b tng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li ngoai vic ap
ng thi cng b tng thng con phi ap ng tiu chun cho thi cng trong vng chiu nh
hng chua phn mn, tc la tun th TCVN 9139:2012, Cng trnh Thuy li Kt cu b
tng, b tng ct thep vng ven bin Yu cu ky thut
5.2.1 Cht kt dnh
- Xi mng
Xi mng dng cho b tng thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li c th s dung loai poc
lng (PC) ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 2682 : 1999 hoc xi mng poc lng hn hp (PCB)
ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 6260 : 2009.
- Ph gia khong
Phu gia khoang dng cho b tng thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li ph hp vi tiu
chun TCVN 1032 : 2014, Phu gia khoang hot tnh tro bay dng cho b tng, va xy dng
v xi mng. i vi cac kt cu b tng thi cng trn mai dc cac cng trnh thy li nn
dng phu gia khoang nhm:
- Nng cao tui th cho b tng khi s dung xi mng thng thng OPC, gim tit vi khi c
phn ng gia SiO2 ca tro bay va Ca(OH)2 tao thanh khoang CSH bn trong mi trng

nc va rt c chc;
- Nng cao kh nng chng thm va lam gim kh nng xm nhp ca mi trng n mon
vao kt cu b tng nht la b tng xy dng tai vng ven bin c tac ng ca nc mn
va nc chua phn.
Phu gia khoang c phn thanh 03 loai theo ASTM C 618 12 nh sau:
+ Loai F: Ch yu la tro bay nhit in;
+ Loai N: Ch yu la phu gia khoang thin nhin c hoc khng qua x l nhit;
+ Loai C: Ch yu la tro bay cha mt ham lng ln CaO (tro bay t t than nu).
Mt s ch tiu c bn i vi phu gia khoang theo ASTM C 618 12 c nu trong Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Phn loai va cc yu cu ky thut c bn cua ph gia khong dng cho b tng
(ASTM C 618 12)

Tn ch tiu

Loai ph gia khong

N

70,0

70,0

70,0

2. Ham lng SiO3, ti a, %

4,0

5,0

5,0

3. m, ti a, %

3,0

3,0

3,0

4. Ham lng mt khi nung, ti a, %

10,0

6,0

6,0

5. min st sang 0,045 (sang t), ti a, %

34,0

34,0

34,0

75,0

75,0

75,0

75,0

75,0

75,0

115,0

105,0

105,0

0,8

0,8

0,8

5,0

5,0

5,0

5,0

5,0

5,0

1. Tng ham lng SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, ti thiu, %

6. Ch s hoat tnh cng :

Vi xi mng poc lng, tui 7 ngay, ti thiu, % so vi mu i
chng
Vi xi mng poc lng, tui 28 ngay, ti thiu, % so vi mu i
chng
7. Nc yu cu, ti a % so vi mu i chng
8. co n Autoclave, ti a, %
9. H s bin ng ca khi lng ring ti a so vi gia tri trung
bnh, %
10. H s bin ng ca min st sang 0,045 ti a so vi gia
tri trung bnh

5.2.2

Ct liu

5.2.2.1 Ct liu ln

- hao mon do va p ca ct liu ln th nghim trn may mai mon Los Angeles theo
TCVN 7572 12 : 2006 khng ln hn 35% theo khi lng; V lin quan n chiu dy ca
kt cu va chiu dy ca lp bo v ct thp nn D max quy inh ch t 20 mm n 40 mm ;
5.2.2.2 Ct liu nh
- C th s dung cat t nhin hoc cat nghin hay hn hp cat t nhin va cat nghin. Cat t
nhin c cac tnh cht c l ph hp vi TCVN 7570 : 2006. Cat nghin c cac tnh cht c l
ph hp vi TCXDVN 349 : 2005. Khng nn s dung cat c m un ln nh hn 2,0;
5.2.3 Nc
Nc trn b tng thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li ph hp vi TCXDVN 302 : 2004.
5.2.4

Ph gia ha hc

Phu gia ha hc dng cho b tng thi cng trn mai dc cac cng trnh thy li thy in ph
hp vi tiu chun TCVN 8826 : 2011, Phu gia ha hoc cho b tng loai A (do ha gim
nc), loai F (siu do gim nc cao), loai D (do ha chm ng kt), loai G (siu do
chm ng kt).
5.3 Yu cu v nn mi dc
5.3.1 Nn mi dc la
Nu nn mai dc la a cn c lam phng, dc ca mai phi m bo yu cu theo
thit k ra, nhng ch bi lm cn c b bng b tng c mac M10 hoc b tng
cng loai ca kt cu at bng phng cho mai dc;
5.3.2 Nn mi dc la t
Nu nn mai dc la nn t phi c lam phng, tun th theo yu cu ca thit k ra
v dc, dung trng va cht m bo mai n inh va khng bi trt sat;
5.4 Chn thanh phn b tng (BT)
5.4.1 Quy trinh thit k thanh phn cp phi b tng
(Tham kho Ch dn k thut Chon thnh phn b tng cac loi Nh xut ban xy dng, H
ni 2000 B Xy dng)
5.4.1.1 Xac inh yu cu v cac ch tiu ky thut ma hn hp b tng va b tng ng rn
cn at: sut, thi gian duy tr sut, thi gian bt u va kt thc ng kt, cng nn
va chng thm tui 28 ngay.
5.4.1.2 Thit k thanh phn cp phi b tng trong phong th nghim, iu chnh cp phi
hp l at c cac ch tiu ky thut do thit k ra.
5.4.1.3 Th nghim iu chnh thanh phn cp phi b tng tai hin trng thi cng cho ph
hp vi vt liu s dung tai cng trnh va cac iu kin th nghim thc t.
5.4.2 Cc thng s cn bit khi thit k thanh phn cp phi b tng
5.4.2.1 Yu cu v b tng: Mac theo cng nn yu cu mac thit k phi t 30MPa,

cng theo gp ca ng Jorge Alvarez Sala Inter.Exp. of Civil Engineering UNDP nham
chng lai nh hng ca bin i kh hu (Climate change) cng un, chng thm
(mac chng thm).
5.4.2.2 Yu cu v iu kin thi cng:Kch thc kt cu, mt ct thp, chiu dy lp
bo v ct thp khng nh hn 30mm (Jorge Alvarez Sala Inter.Exp. of Civil Engineering
UNDP), thi gian thi cng, thit bi thi cng va mi trng xung quanh ni xy dng cng
trnh.
5.4.2.3 Yu cu v vt liu ch tao: Xi mng, cat, a dm, nc trn va phu gia, cac tnh
cht ca vt liu phi tun th cac tiu chun hin hanh.
5.4.3 Thit k thanh phn hn hp b tng
A Phn tnh ton :
Bc 1 : Chn sut ca b tng
Bc 2: Xac inh lng nc trn
Bc 3: Xac inh t l N/CKD
Bc 4: Xac inh ham lng cht kt dnh (XM, PGK)
Bc 5: Xac inh ham lng ct liu ln (a dm, si)
Bc 6: Xac inh ham lng ct liu nh (cat)
B - Phn thc nghim:
Bc iu chnh 1: Trn m b tng th vi thanh phn vt liu c tnh toan, kim tra
sut ca hn hp b tng, iu chnh at c sut hn hp b tng theo yu cu
nhng vn gi nguyn t l N/CKD, t tm c lng nc trn hp l.
Bc iu chnh 2: Trn m th vi thanh phn cp phi c iu chnh theo bc 1,
c 03 nhm mu th nghim cng nn vi ham lng cht kt dnh (CKD) nh tnh
toan va vi cac ham lng CKD 10 %:
- Nu c yu cu cng ko hoc chng thm th cng phi c mu th nghim
cng ko khi un hoc chng thm;
- Th nghim cng nn ca 03 t mu tui quy inh R1, R2, R3. V ng quan h
gia cng va ham lng cht kt dnh; t xac inh c lng dng cht kt dnh
(XM+PGK) hp l.
Bc iu chnh 3: Trn m trn b tng theo cp phi iu chnh bc 1 va 2, xac
inh ob ca hn hp b tng ti va tnh th tch thc ca hn hp b tng Vtt = (X + C +
+ N)/ ob ti. Tnh lai vt liu cho 1m3 b tng : X1 = X*1000/Vtt, tng t tnh ra C1, 1, N1
Bc iu chnh 4: iu chnh lai thanh phn b tng theo m thc ca cat va a trong
khi lng xi mng khng thay i:
C = Ck(1 + Wc); Nc = C Ck = Ck.Wc trong C- cat m, Ck cat kh

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 = k(1 + W); N = k = k.W trong a m, k a kh

Ntr = Nlt (Nc + N) trong Ntr lng nc trn, Nlt Nc l thuyt
5.4.2 Th nghim BT tai hin trng
5.4.2.1 Trc khi thi cng b tng trn mai dc cn th nghim hin trng, kim chng
cac s liu v thit k t l cp phi, v quy trnh cng ngh thi cng, kh nng thch ng
ca h thng thi cng, qun l cht lng va thit bi thi cng .v.v ng thi xac inh cng
ngh va cac thng s thi cng.
5.4.2.2 Thit k phng n th nghim
Trc khi th nghim phi xy dng k hoach tht chu ao va thit k t m, muc ch, ni dung va
thit bi th nghim tai hin trng. Thit k phng an th nghim cn at c 03 ni dung sau:
1) Th nghim t l cp phi BT trn mai dc;
2) Tnh kh thi va hiu qu s dung thit bi thi cng b tng trn mai dc;
3) Phng phap va iu kin thi cng.
Bng 8 - Ni dung va mc ch th nghim hin trng
Hang mc th
nghim
1. Cp phi BT

Trn th trn tram trn hoc

thit k trong

may trn tai hin trng

phong th

kim tra cht lng hn

nghim

hp b tng ti
Xac inh khong thi gian

2. Th nghim
sut theo di
theo thi gian

iu kin th nghim
Thng s
Ghi ch

Mc ch th nghim

c th m hiu qu hn
hp BT sau khi ra khi may

sut cm;

ng

tng, tach nc)

Thi gian, h

trn
3. Th nghim Chn may m chn ng - Loai may m
m chn ng

nht

(phn

Thc t tai
hin trng

Thc t tai
hin trng
Thc t tai

va xac inh thi gian m

- Thi gian m
hin trng
Chiu dy lp ri sau khi
4. Th nghim Chn thit bi san va chiu
Thc t tai
m cht at chiu dy thit
ri, san
dy lp ri
hin trng
k
5. Th nghim
Kim tra nng lc vn Khi lng b tng theo Thc t tai
phng tin vn
chuyn
thi gian (m3/h)
hin trng
chuyn
5.4.3 Trn hn hp b tng
m bo cht lng b tng ca kt cu b tng thi cng trn mai dc sau 28 ngay
(hoc tui thit k) th phi qun l cht lng ngay t khu trn hn hp b tng. Trn hn
hp b tng thi cng trn mai dc cn c thc hin tai cac tram trn hoc cac may
trn c gn lin vi cac thit bi xac inh chnh xac khi lng vt liu u vao ca mi m

11

trn. Cac thit bi nay phi c hiu chnh va kim inh theo ng quy inh bi c quan c
thm quyn, thi han kim inh c ghi trn may. Khng c trn th cng hoc trn
bng cac loai may trn khng c gn lin vi cac thit bi xac inh chnh xac vt liu u vao
ca mi m trn. i vi cac cng trnh c khi lng b tng nh hn 100 m3 c th dng
may trn nh vi dung tch 50 lt trn b tng, nhng vt liu u vao phi c xac inh
theo khi lng (phi cn tng loai vt liu). Khng c tnh i cac vt liu u vao ra th
tch trn, v vic nay s dn n sai s ln.
5.4.4 Vn chuyn hn hp BT
Hn hp b tng sau khi trn c th c vn chuyn n cng trng thi cng b tng trn
mai dc bng cac xe chuyn trn chuyn dng va may bm b tng hoc cu thap a b
tng trc tip vao khi . Khng c vn chuyn hn hp b tng ti bng nhng thit bi
th s hoc cac thit bi lam mt va xi mng hoc lam nh hng n cht lng hn hp b
tng nh phn tng, mt nc. Hin tai trn cac cng trng thi cng knh mng th vic
vn chuyn hn hp b tng thng dng mang hoc th cng mt cach ty tin.
5.4.5 San ri va m hn hp BT
- i vi cac kt cu b tng thi cng trn mai dc c h s mai m 2 th sau khi san ri hn
hp b tng vic m cht c th dng m ban (m mt) ln cht, thi gian m phi
c xac inh trc bng th nghim tai cng trng trc khi thi cng.
- i vi cac kt cu b tng thi cng trn mai dc c h s mai m < 2, nht thit phi dng
van khun mt va vic m cht hn hp b tng c tin hanh bng m di. Thi gian
m va cng nng ca may m phi c xac inh trc bng th nghim tai cng trng
trc khi thi cng.
- i vi cac kt cu b tng trn cac mai p c th thi cng bng van khun trt th vic
san ri, m hn hp b tng c inh sn theo cng nng ca thit bi, i vi cac kt
cu b tng mai knh cng c th s dung thit bi chuyn dung cho thi cng b tng mai
knh nh GOMACO SL 650, SL 450 c gian trng ln san ri va m hn hp b tng
trn mai dc. C th s dung b tng t ln th vic san ri va m hn hp b tng s d
dang hn. Vic san ri va m hn hp b tng trn mai dc cn m bo b tng c
m cht va m bo chiu dy ca kt cu b tng theo ng thit k

6 Bo dng b tng
- Cng tac bo dng la mt trong nhng cng tac quan trng trong thi cng BT. Cng tac
bo dng nh hng rt ln n cht lng ca BT va tnh ng nht ca toan b khi b
tng thi cng trn mai dc la cng va chng thm. Muc ch ca cng tac bo
dng la nhm o bo trong sut thi gian cn bo dng, mt ca lp BT lun lun c
gi m t;
- V trang thit bi: Cn c h thng bm nc sach t ngun (sng, sui) vao bn cha, h

12

thng ng dn t chy xung khi m bo lun lun c nc phuc vu cng tac bo

dng. Cn phi c thit bi phun sng, h thng ng ng uc l va bao ti gai tm
nc ph trn b mt b tng cn bo dng;
- V phng phap bo dng: C nhiu phng phap bo dng BT, c th dng th cng
ti nc, cho nc t chy qua ng uc l, dng nc c ap phun xon tron, ph bao ti
m ln b mt. Tuy nhin phng phap tt nht la phun sng trn toan b b mt khi .
Khi phun sng s tao thanh mt lp sng m cach nhit trn khong khng b mt khi
, lam gim thiu tac ng ca anh sang mt tri tac ng trc tip vao BT;
- Trong khonh ang thi cng hoc va mi m xong khng c cho nc trc tip
chy vao BT;
- V thi gian bo dng: Sau khi b tng c thi cng, khi BT va kt thc ng kt phi
c bo dng gi m ngay. i vi b tng thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li vic
dng h phi c duy tr dng h khng nh hn 28 ngay.

7 Thi cng BT trong iu kin kh hu c bit

7.1 Thi cng b tng trn mi dc cc cng trinh thuy li trong vng bi nh hng
cua nc bin va nc chua phn
- Mac b tng, mac chng thm ca b tng, chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp, m
rng ca vt nt va cu tao b mt kt cu b tng va b tng ct thp thi cng trn mai dc
cng trnh thy li trong vng mn: ti thiu phi m bo quy inh tai Bng 1 ca TCVN
9139 : 2012;
- Mac b tng, mac chng thm ca b tng, chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp, m
rng ca vt nt va cu tao b mt kt cu b tng va b tng ct thp thi cng trn mai
dc cng trnh thy li trong vng chua phn: ti thiu phi m bo quy inh tai Bng 2 ca
TCVN 9139 : 2012;
Cng tac lp dng van khun, cng tac ct thp va thi cng, bo dng cac kt cu b tng,
b tng ct thp thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li vng ven bin (chua phn mn)
tun th theo iu 5 ca TCVN 9139 : 2012.
- Trong thi gian thi cng BT phi tng cng cng tac thu thp tin d bao thi tit, kip thi
nm bt tnh hnh quan trc v lng ma hin trng sp xp k hoach thi cng cho
thch hp;
- Khi lng ma nh hn 3 mm/h c th c gii phap tip tuc thi cng c, nhng nu
lng ma bng 3 mm/h hoc ln hn th phi ngng trn va nhanh chng san ri ht
lng hn hp BT trn. Phi c bin phap che chn khi b tng va mi va m
xong, lu n vic nc ma chy trc tip vao khi b tng mai dc lam cho b mt
b tng bi nh hng;

13

- Thi cng BT trn mai dc cng trnh thy li trong iu kin gi ln hoc hanh kh phi c
gii phap ring m bo mt khonh khng bi hin tng co, nt b mt;

8 Kim tra va nghim thu BT

8.1 Kim tra nghim thu vic lp dng cp pha
Vic kim tra va nghim thu lp dng van khun cho thi cng b tng trn mai dc cng
trnh thy li tun th iu 7.1; 7.2 ca TCVN 4453 : 1998. Ngoai ra vic lp dng ct thp
phi m bo chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp t nht la 30 mm, i vi cac cng trnh
nm trong vng c nh hng ca nc chua phn , mn th chiu dy lp b tng bo v
ct thp t nht la 50 mm
8.2 Kim tra cht lng vt liu
8.2.1 Xi mng
La cht kt dnh trong thanh phn hn hp BT, cht lng ca xi mng quyt inh cng
va kh nng chng thm ca BT. V vy xi mng dng cho b tng thi cng trn mai dc
cng trnh thy li phi c tnh cht ph hp vi tiu chun Quc gia v xi mng: TCVN
6260 : 2009 hoc TCVN 2682 : 1999; Phi la chn loai xi mng lun c sn trn thi trng,
cht lng n inh, cung ng kip thi ch ng trong thi cng. Ty theo tin va quy
m cng trnh tnh toan lp kho cha xi mng ph hp. Kho cha xi mng phi m bo
kh rao thoang mat tranh hin tng thm dt. i vi xi mng a vao tram trn ch s
dung nu qua 60 ngay cn phi kim tra th nghim lai, nu at yu cu mi c dng cho
vic trn BT. Mi l xi mng khi nhp v, phi c s theo di ghi r v s l, cht lng
thng qua phiu sut xng ca nha sn xut ng thi yu cu phong th nghim ca cng
trng th nghim kim tra lai cht lng xi mng mi nhp. Ngoai ra xi mng cn c
thng xuyn kim tra theo xac sut nh trong Bng 9.
Bng 9 - Kim tra xi mng
Tn vt

Ch tiu

ia im

Tn sut

Hang mc

Mc tiu khng

liu

kim tra

ly mu
Trn ng

kim tra

kim tra

ch

Mac XM bng
PP nhanh
Xi mng

Mac, min,
n inh, thi
gian ninh kt

t kho n

1ln/ngay

tram trn

Kim chng
hoat tnh
Kim tra lai

Nhp kho tai

cng trng

1ln/40 t

theo chng ch
sut xng ca

Khng nh hn
mac xi mng
Ph hp TCVN
6260 hoc TCVN

2682 : 2009
nha may
8.2.2 Ph gia khong hoat tnh trong BT thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li la cac
puzlan c ngun gc thin nhin hoc nhn tao c cha SiO 2 va Al2O3 hoat tnh, n c
coi nh mt thanh phn trong cht kt dnh. Mt khac phu gia khoang hoat tnh c coi la
mt phn cht n min (phu gia y) ci thin tnh chng thm va tnh do ca hn hp BT
thi cng trn mai dc. khng ch cht lng ca phu gia khoang cn kim tra kh nng
hoat tnh (th nghim vi xi mng), min, ham lng mt khi nung va c bit la m.
Nu m ca phu gia khoang hoat tnh ln hn 3 % s gy ra hin tng vn cuc gy tc

14

tram trn khi vn hanh, nh hng n cht lng va tin thi cng BT;
Bng 10 - Kim tra ph gia khong hoat tnh
Tn vt
liu

Phu gia
khoang
hoat tnh

Ch tiu
kim tra

ia im
ly mu

Tn sut
kim tra

Tram trn

1 ln/ngay

Khi lng
ring, min,
Ham lng mt
khi nung

Nhp kho tai

cng trng

1 ln/200 t.

Hang mc
kim tra
Kim tra tnh
hnh tn kho

Mc tiu khng
ch
Khng c
vn cuc

Kim tra anh

gia cht lng
va tnh n inh

Ph hp vi tiu
chun
TCXDVN 395:
2007
Phu gia khoang
cho BTL

8.2.3 Ct liu
- Ct liu nh: s dung cho BT thi cng trn mai dc c th la cat t nhin (cat sng) hoc cat
nhn tao (cat xay t a). Cat la mt trong nhng thanh phn quan trng cu thanh hn hp BT,
cht lng ca cat nh hng n cht lng ca b tng, v vy cn m bo cat trc khi a
vao s dung sn xut BT c cht lng tt ap ng tiu chun TCVN 7570 : 2006 cat xy dng
yu cu ky thut. Tn sut kim tra cht lng cat theo cac l, mi l khong 350 m 3. Kho cha
cat lam BT thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li phi c mai che, nhm gim nhit khi
tri nng va khng ch m khi tri ma;
Bng 11 - Yu cu kim tra xc sut i vi ct dng cho BT thi cng trn mi dc
Vt liu

Hang mc kim tra

M un ln

Cat
(Ct liu
nh)

ia im ly
mu
Tram trn, tram
sang

Tn sut kim tra

Mi ngay mt ln

Thanh phn hat

Tram sang

Tin hanh khi cn

thit

T l ngm nc

Tram trn

1 ln/ngay

Ham lng bn st,

Khi lng th tch

Tram sang,
tram trn

Tin hanh khi cn

thit

Mc ch kim
tra
Tram sang khng
ch thanh phn
hat
iu chnh lng
nc trn b tng
Kim tra cht
lng

- Ct liu ln: s dung cho b tng thi cng trn mai dc la a dm. a dm la thanh phn
vt liu chnh trong BT, cht lng ca a dm la mt yu t quyt inh n cht lng ca
sn phm BT mai dc sau nay. a dm dng cho BT thi cng trn mai dc cn c kch
thc hat khng ln hn 40 mm, tt nht la Dmax = 20 mm. (C ngi cho rng c th
dng ct liu ln vi Dmax ln hn thi cng b tng trn mai dc. Tuy nhin cn phai bit
trnh thi cng v cng ngh thi cng cua Vit nam rt thp, do vy vi Dmax cng ln th
cht lng thi cng b tng cua chung ta cng kem). Tn sut kim tra a dm theo tng l.

15

Mi l khong chng 200 m3 phi th nghim at yu cu theo TCVN 1771 : 1987 mi c

a vao s dung. Kho cha a dm sn xut BT thi cng trn mai dc cn c mai che
gim nhit ca vt liu khi tri nng nng va m bo khng bi nhim bn.
Bng 12 - Yu cu kim tra xc sut i vi dm dng cho BT
thi cng trn mi dc cng trinh thuy li
Hang mc kim
tra

ia im
ly mu

a ln, a
va, a nh

Dmax va Dmin

Tram trn,
tram sang

01 ln/ca

Tram trn

01 ln/ca

a nh

T l ngm
nc
Ham lng t
st, bn, bui

Tram trn

01 ln/ca

Vt liu

Ct
liu
ln

Tn sut
kim tra

Mc ch kim tra
Tram sang khng
ch sn xut, iu
chnh t l phi hp
iu chnh lng
nc dng cho BT
Ph hp TCVN 1771
: 1987

8.2.4 Ph gia ha hc
Phu gia ha hc dng cho BT thi cng trn mai dc cng trnh thy li ch yu la phu gia
ha do gim nc, phu gia siu do va phu gia siu do ko dai thi gian ng kt ca b
tng tranh hin tng sinh khe lanh trong khi thi cng. Cht lng phu gia phi c kim
tra trong phong th nghim so sanh vi cac ch tiu ca nha sn xut cung cp. c bit
lng dng phu gia phi c th nghim iu chnh theo lng nc dng va lng cht
kt dnh, tn sut kim tra 01 ln/ca.
8.3 Kim tra cht lng thi cng BT thi cng trn mi dc
8.3.1 Kim tra cht lng hn hp BT dng cho thi cng trn mi dc
Kim tra cht lng hn hp BT bao gm cac vic nh sau:
- Kim tra thit bi dng cn ong phi liu BT 01 ln/nm, sai lch cho php khi cn phi
liu nh sau:
Bng 13 - Sai s cho php i vi kt qu cn ong vt liu khi sn xut BTL
Tn vt liu

Nc

Xi mng, PGK

Ct liu (th, min)

Ph gia ha hc

Sai s cho php, %

- Trc khi chnh thc trn hn hp BT, cn phi kim tra tnh ng nht ca vt liu, xac
inh thi gian trn va trnh t nap vt liu trn;
- Tram trn hn hp BT cn c kim tra hiu chnh theo inh k;
- Kim tra cht lng hn hp BT c th tin hanh bt k lc nao thy cn thit ming may
trn, hang muc, tn sut va muc ch c tin hanh theo quy inh ca Bng 14.
Bng 14 - Yu cu kim tra xc sut i vi hn hp BT thi cng trn mi dc

16

Hang mc kim tra

Tn sut kim tra

Mc ch kim tra

1ln/2 h, hoc tt c cac xe vn chuyn

Khng ch linh ng ca

n khi

hn hp BT

Nhit

1 ln/T 2 h n 4 h

Khng ch nhit

Cng khang nn

t nht mi ca ly mu 1 ln

sut

Kim tra cht lng ca BT va

cht lng thi cng

Khi iu kin thi tit thay i qua ln (tri ma, gi ln, nng nng) phi tng s ln th nghim
kim tra sut ca hn hp BT ti.
- Sau khi th nghim chn c sut ca hn hp BT thi cng trn mai dc, trong qua trnh
trn thy kt qu kim tra sut c sai s vt qua 2 cm th phi tm ra nguyn nhn sau
iu ch lng nc trn BT nhng khng c thay i t l N/X;.
8.3.2 Kim tra cht lng BT thi cng tai hin trng mi dc
- Kim tra xac inh sut ca hn hp BT thi cng trn mai dc lam cn c khng ch cht lng
thi cng va iu chnh thanh phn cp phi. sut ca BT thi cng trn mai dc thng nm trong
khong t 4 6 cm hoc nu dng bm th sut t 10 n 12 cm, ty theo iu kin ky thut thi
cng ca tng cng trnh khac nhau. Nu dng b tng t ln th kim tra linh ng bng
phng phap o ng knh lan ta ca hn hp b tng trong khong D = 650 800 cm. Khi thi
cng bnh thng c 2 h tin hanh o sut hn hp b tng mt ln, nu c vn g bt
thng nh thay i thi tit, cp phi vt liu th tn sut kim tra s tng ln m bo tnh
cng tac ( sut) ng theo yu cu thit k.
- Kim tra xac inh thi gian ng kt ca va BT, bao gm thi gian bt u ng kt va thi gian
kt thc ng kt kim soat qua trnh thi cng BT trn mai dc, tnh toan thi gian vn chuyn
hn hp b tng tranh hn hp b tng bt u ng cng vao kh ca kt cu b tng
trn mai dc cng trnh thy li;
- Kim tra xac inh cng khang nn ca BT theo cac tui do thit k quy inh R7,28 hoc R90;
- Kim tra xac inh chng thm nc ca BT tui thit k theo TCVN 3116 : 1993;
- Kim tra khng ch hin tng bay hi nc t khi b tng mi , nhng khi BT trn mai
dc mt p thng lu, ha lu thng c din tch mt khi rt ln va mng so vi toan b
cng trnh do vy khng ch tranh nt b mt do nc bay hi hoc do co ngt la rt quan trng.
Bng 15 - Yu cu kim tra xc sut cht lng BT tai hin trng mi dc
Hang mc
kim tra

Tn sut kim tra

sut hn hp b
tng

1 ln/2 h

Cng (khang

tui theo thit k yu

Mc ch
kim tra
Khng ch
cng tac ca hn
hp b tng

Yu cu
Khng ch trong pham vi
quy inh ca thit k
Khng nh hn cng

17

nn) ca mu

cu: 7,28, hoc 90 ngay

Tnh hnh phn ly

ct liu

Khng ch toan b qua

trnh

Nhit b tng
a vao khi

1 ln/h

Thi gian t lc
cho nc vao trn
n khi m xong

Khng ch toan qua trnh

yu cu ca thit k
m bo ng
nht ca hn hp
b tng
Yu cu khng
ch nhit
Tranh hin tng
m b tng khi
va BT ang
trong qua trnh
ng kt

Khng c hin tng phn

tng ct liu
Thp hn nhit vao khi
theo yu cu thit k

Nh hn hai gi

8.4 Nghim thu BT trn mi dc

8.4.1 Cng tac nghim thu BT thi cng trn mai dc c tin hanh tai hin trng va phi c y
cac h s nh sau: (Tham kho TCVN 4453 : 1998)
- Cht lng BT (thng qua kt qu th nghim mu inh k cac tui theo yu cu thit k, quan
sat bng mt);
- Kch thc, hnh dang, vi tr ca cac chi tit t sn, khe co gin so vi thit k;
- Bn v hoan cng ca tng oan kt cu trn toan tuyn ca mai dc;
- Cac bn v thi cng c ghi y cac thay i trong qua trnh xy lp;
- Cac vn bn cho php thay i cac chi tit va cac b phn trong thit k;
- Cac phiu th nghim kim tra cng BT trn cac mu th va cac kt qu kim tra cht lng
cac vt liu khac nu c trong qua trnh thi cng b tng trn mai dc;
- Cac bin bn nghim thu van khun trc khi b tng;
- Cac bin bn nghim thu nn mai dc, mng chn khay;
- Cac bin bn nghim thu ct thp, cac con k ct thp;
- Cac bin bn nghim thu trung gian ca cac b phn kt cu;
- S nht k thi cng.
8.4.2 Dung sai cho php
Tun theo s liu trong Bng 20 ca TCVN 4453 : 1998.

18

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