CONCRETE & CONCRETE PRODUCTS

Architectural and Decorative Concrete: This section highlights

design possibilities and discusses considerations for selecting
color and texture for architectural and decorative concrete.
Autoclaved Cellular Concrete, or ACC was invented in Sweden in
the early 1900s. The lightweight, high-strength building material
now used on every continent.
Concrete Masonry has undergone significant change within the
last decade, becoming a more cost-effective, energy-efficient
building product than ever.
Controlled Low-Strength Material is a cement-based product
often used as a backfill
High-Strength Concrete: In the last two decades concrete has
gotten stronger and better for high-rise construction.
Insulating Concrete Forms: These builder-friendly wall systems
have recently made a mark on the housing industry of North
America.
Concrete Pavement: This section describes the four types of
concrete pavements and details the preparation, placement,
and curing of concrete pavements.
Concrete Pipe provides water for people and farmlands or
carries away sewage and drains land.
Precast Concrete became more common after World War II.
Prestressed Concrete: Patented in San Francisco in 1886,
prestressed concrete made its impact on the United States
construction industry almost 75 years later.
Ready-Mixed Concrete accounts for nearly three-fourths of all
concrete used annually.
Roller-Compacted Concrete: Initially developed for use by the
forestry industry in Canada, roller-compacted concrete is a
durable paving and dam material that is placed using asphalt
construction equipment.
Shotcrete is a mortar or concrete that is dispensed from a hose
onto a surface at a high velocity.
Soil-Cement: Developed in 1935, this product is often used as a
paving base, mixing cement with compacted soil.
Tilt-Up Concrete is a construction method where walls are cast
in a horizontal position and then tilted into a vertical position
and moved into place with a mobile crane.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. Safety issues exist in
all phases of concrete production, including the manufacture of portland cement and pre-cast
concrete products, as well as during the use of concrete in construction

AGGREGATES USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water and portland
cement, are an essential ingredient in concrete. For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard,
strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the
deterioration of concrete. Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume of concrete, are
divided into two distinct categories-fine and coarse. Fine aggregates generally consist of natural sand or crushed
stone with most particles passing through a 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) sieve. Coarse aggregates are any particles greater
than 0.19 inch (4.75 mm), but generally range between 3/8 and 1.5 inches (9.5 mm to 37.5 mm) in diameter.
Gravels constitute the majority of coarse aggregate used in concrete with crushed stone making up most of the
remainder.
Natural gravel and sand are usually dug or dredged from a pit, river, lake, or seabed. Crushed aggregate is
produced by crushing quarry rock, boulders, cobbles, or large-size gravel. Recycled concrete is a viable source of
aggregate and has been satisfactorily used in granular subbases, soil-cement, and in new concrete. Aggregate
processing consists of crushing, screening, and washing the aggregate to obtain proper cleanliness and gradation.
If necessary, a benefaction process such as jigging or heavy media separation
can be used to upgrade the quality.
Once processed, the aggregates are handled and stored in a way that
minimizes segregation and degradation and prevents contamination.
Aggregates strongly influence concrete's freshly mixed and hardened
properties, mixture proportions, and economy. Consequently, selection of
aggregates is an important process. Although some variation in aggregate
properties is expected, characteristics that are considered when selecting
aggregate include:

grading

durability

particle shape and surface texture

abrasion and skid resistance

unit weights and voids

absorption and surface moisture

Grading refers to the determination of the particle-size distribution for aggregate. Grading limits and maximum
aggregate size are specified because grading and size affect the amount of aggregate used as well as cement and
water requirements, workability, pumpability, and durability of concrete. In general, if the water-cement ratio is
chosen correctly, a wide range in grading can be used without a major effect on strength. When gap-graded
aggregate are specified, certain particle sizes of aggregate are omitted from the size continuum. Gap-graded
aggregate are used to obtain uniform textures in exposed aggregate concrete. Close control of mix proportions is
necessary to avoid segregation.

CONCRETE MIXES
The two different ways in Concrete Proportioning Mixture:
1. Volume Method
2. by Using Mixturing Box.
Volume Method is the most common and convenient method in Mixing Concrete to
attained the desiredstrength of concrete.Concrete misture, it involves cement, sand and gravel. Proportioning by Volume
method had been long practiced and it is proven effective and successful. Most construction industry used this method in
proportion the mixture of the concrete. see tabulation below about the ratio of the cement sand and gravel mixture.

Mixture class Proportion

Cement in bag

sand

gravel

40kg

50kg

cu.m

cu.m

12

9.5

0.5

1.0

class AA

1 : 1 1/2 : 3

class A

1:2:4

9.0

7.0

0.5

1.0

class B

1 : 2 1/2 : 5

7.5

6.0

0.5

1.0

class C

1:3:6

6.0

5.0

0.5

1.0

BRANDS OF PORTLAND CEMENT

Rizal Portland Super

Rizal Portland Super Type 1P cement is specially formulated and manufactured

with natural minerals to provide additional properties not found in ordinary
Portland cement. The natural mineral component (Philippine Tuff) ensures
increased strength and durability over time. This has long secured Rizal Portland
Super as the builder's choice for structures that last for generations to come.

Rizal Portland Super is used for the following applications:

All-purpose cement for general construction applications, especially where structures are exposed to moderate sulfate
environments or to chloride attack

Roads, pavements, bridges, foundations, columns and slabs

Pre-cast and pre-fabricated concrete products such as pipes, hollow blocks, pavers, floor and roof tiles

Tanks, reservoirs, culverts, waterpipes & masonry units

Rizal Portland Super is available in 40-kilogram bags and in bulk.

Rizal Masonry Cement

Rizal Masonry Cement is a Type M masonry cement that earns its name as the
sustainable alternative to other types of cement in masonry applications. It
effectively minimizes the carbon footprint of regular Portland cement by as much
as 32% thus, Rizal Masonry Cement is considered an environment-friendly type of
cement. Through XD 100 nanotechnology, it allows better moisture retention and
adhesion strength for improved usage.

Rizal Masonry Cement is used for the following applications:

Plastering (exterior and interior)

CHB laying/ core filling

Tile adhesive/ grouts and fabrication of decorative stone and stucco

Other semi-structural masonry works (driveways, sidewalks, fencing)

Ground floor slab concreting

APO Portland Premium

APO Portland Premium Type 1P cement is specially formulated and

manufactured with natural minerals to provide additional properties not found in
ordinary Portland cement. This ensures increased strength and durability over time.
Trusted by builders, APO Portland Premium ensures quality that lasts for years to
come.

APO Portland Premium is used for the following applications:

All-purpose cement for general construction applications, especially where structures are exposed to moderate sulfate
environments or to chloride attack

Roads, pavements, bridges, foundations, columns and slabs

Precast and pre-fabricated concrete products such as pipes, hollow blocks, pavers, floor and roof tiles

Tanks, reservoirs, culverts, waterpipes and masonry units

APO Portland Premium is available in 40-kilogram bags and in bulk.

APO Masonry Cement

APO Masonry Cement is a Type M masonry cement that earns its name as the
sustainable alternative to other types of cement in masonry applications. It
effectively minimizes the carbon footprint of regular Portland cement by as much
as 32% thus, APO Masonry Cement is considered as an environment-friendly type
of cement. Through XD 100 nanotechnology, it allows better moisture retention
and adhesion strength for improved usage

APO Masonry Cement is used for the following applications:

Plastering (exterior and interior)

CHB laying/ core filling

Tile adhesive/ grouts and fabrication of decorative stone and stucco

Other semi-structural masonry works (driveways, sidewalks, fencing)

Ground floor slab concreting

Island Portland

Island Portland Type 1 Cement is specially made for high performance

applications and highly engineered construction. It exceeds the strict standards of
both Philippine National Standards (PNS) and Amercian Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) making it the brand of choice for mega structures. Island
Portland bests itself among other ordinary Portland cement brands through its early
strength which translates to faster project completion.

A general-purpose Portland cement suitable for all uses where special properties are not required. It can be used in:

High strength concrete designs with a minimal cement factor requirement (ready-mixed concrete)

Projects with tight completion schedules

Precast and pre-stressed concrete

Infrastructure -- roads, dams, bridges, railway structures

Mega-structures, high-rise buildings, and condominiums

Tanks, reservoirs, culverts, waterpipes and masonry units (mortars, renders and screeds)

Palitada King Masonry Cement

Palitada King Masonry Cement is a Type S masonry cement specially

formulated and manufactured to produce a mortar with superior properties for use
in masonry applications. Its plastering prowess is made possible by XD PLUS an air entraining, plasticizing admixture technology which yields plaster that is not
only highly workable, but is also self healing. This makes Palitada King highly
resistant to craze cracking. XD PLUS also allows you to save up to 30% more
cement in plastering by covering more wall area per bag.
Palitada King is used for the following applications:

Laying of concrete hollow blocks and all other types of masonry units (e.g. bricks, stones, etc.)

In-filling of concrete hollow blocks

Plastering of external and internal walls

Decorative finishes

Used as an ingredient for tile grout, tile adhesive, and stucco

APO Portland

APO Portland Type 1 Cement is specially made for high performance

applications and highly engineered construction. It exceeds the strict standards of
both the Philippine National Standards (PNS) and American Society for Testing
and Materials (ASTM) making it the brand of choice for mega structures. APO
Portland bests itself among other ordinary Portland cement brands through its early
strength which translates to faster project completion.

A general-purpose Portland cement suitable for all uses where special properties are not required. It can be used in:

High strength concrete designs at minimal cement factor requirement (ready-mixed concrete)

Projects with tight completion schedules

Precast and pre-stressed concrete

Infrastructure -- roads, dams, bridges, railway structures

Mega-structures, high-rise buildings, and condominiums

Tanks, reservoirs, culverts, waterpipes and masonry units (mortars, renders & screeds)

BRANDS OF WHITE CEMENT

WHITE CEMENT White cement is a specialized product, manufactured to exacting standards, often used for
architectural projects in which pure white concrete is specified, or as a base cement when vibrant color is desired.
White cement is also used in highway infrastructure for traffic safety purposes due to its brightness and
reflectivity.
Royal White Cement's extensive distribution system allows its customers to obtain white cement in a timely manner
throughout the United States.
White Portland Cement that meets ASTM specification C-150 for the following :
Precast concrete, Cast stone, Terrazzo, Median barriers, Curbs, grout, Paint, Masonry,Swimming pools, Glass fiber
reinforced surface, mortars, concrete roof tiles, floor tiles, cast stone pavers and ornamental statuaries. Available
in 92.6 lbs bags, in super sacks, and in bulk truckload quantities.
Not covered by an ASTM specification, this white Portland cement with water repellent added is used in tile grouts,
paint and stucco finish coats, for improved moisture resistance. Available also in 92.6 Lbs bags , in super Sacks ,
and in bulk quantities.
White Masonry Cement Type S & N that meets ASTM specifications C-91 for the following :
Brick, Stone, Stucco, Colored Mortar.

Available in 70 lbs bags for Type N and 75 Lbs for Type S, in super sacks, and in bulk truckload quantities.