Smail Menani

Principal Lecturer
Vaasa University of Applied Sciences
Smail.menani@puv.fi
www.puv.fi/en

Energy Technology ICT

Lecture 1
Introduction

Course Content
An overview of the power system
The structure of power network
Substation components and its role in the power system
A review of Data communication in the power system
A review of typical protocol used in power system
The IEC 61850 Standard
Typical structure of SCADA System

Background: Power System

1: Power plant, 2: Step-up substation, 3 : Transmission. 4: Step Down Station,

Distribution.
6: Consumption
Figure Source: http://www.mnpower.com/about_electricity

Power Plant

Figure 2.2: Example power system

Source: Network Protection & Automation Guide
Book: Areva 2005

Hydro Power Station

The turbine of Hydro power plants transform
the energy of falling water to generate
electricity.
A hydro-power plant can generate power for
millions of people
The biggest hydro power plant in term of
installed capacity (22500 MW) is the Three
Gorges Dam located in Hubei province,
China (Yangtze River )
How Hydropower works

Large Hydropower: more than 20 megawatts.

Small Hydropower: from 100 kilowatts to 20 megawatts.
Micro Hydropower: up to 100 kilowatts.

CCGT power station

CCGT combines gas and steam of
turbines to produce electricity
The heat produced from the gas
turbine is used as heat source for
steam turbine

Pembroke CCGT power station

CCGT: operation

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (Ref: Ref: http://www.eon.com/)

Combustion Engine Power Plant

Ref: Wrtsil

Wartsil Engine

Reference: Wrtsil

W34DF characteristics - Operating modes

Gas mode:

Ex.

Otto principle

Low-pressure gas admission

Pilot diesel injection

In. Ex.

****
*****
******
Intake of
air and gas

Ex.

In. Ex.

In. Ex.

In. Ex.

*******
*
Compression of
air and gas

In.

Diesel injection

Compression of
air

Injection of
diesel fuel

Ignition by
pilot diesel fuel

Diesel mode:
Diesel principle

Intake of
air

In.

Gas System for Wrtsil Gas Engines

Gas venting

Optional
Gas Supply
to plant

Gas Compressor Unit

(if gas inlet is < 4bar)

Main Shut-off
valves
Gas venting
Control
air

Gas Filtering
Optional

Gas Measuring Unit

Gas Regulating Unit

Optional

Pressure Reduction Unit

(if gas inlet is > 16bar)

Engine #2

Optional
Gas Regulating Unit

Light Fuel Oil and Low Pressure Gas System

DF engines with LFO back-up
Gas Inlet

Air Inlet

Gas Filtering

Gas Measuring Unit

Gas Regulating Unit

LFO
Storage

Unloading
Pump

Fuel Oil Unit

Feeder Unit

Heavy fuel oil system

without buffer tank, with common booster
From other Fuel Oil Unit

To other Fuel Oil Unit

HFO
Day

Pressure
Control
Valve

HFO
Storage

Unloading
Pump

Separator

Feeder & Booster

Fuel Oil Unit

LFO
Storage

Unloading
Pump

Transfer Pump

To other Fuel Oil Unit

Comparison between & combustion engine

Ref: Wrtsil

How to compare between power plants

Technical and performance comparisons
Heat rates and efficiencies
Part load perfomance
Derating
Start up times and ramp rates
Black start
Degradation over time
Gas pressure requirements
Water consumptions
Economical comparisons

16

12 November 2013