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Cls Jeead-14-15 Xi Mat Target-4 Set-1 Chapter-16
Cls Jeead-14-15 Xi Mat Target-4 Set-1 Chapter-16
16
Probability
Solutions
SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1.
2.
10
1
100 10
Leap year consists of 52 weeks and 2 days. These 2 days can be {(Sunday, Monday), (Monday, Tuesday),
(Tuesday, Wednesday), (Wednesday, Thursday), (Thursday, Friday), (Friday, Saturday), (Saturday, Sunday)}
4.
5.
2
7
1
221
S = {(R, B1), (R, B2), (R, B3), (B1, R), (B1, B2), (B1, B3), (B2, B1), (B2, B3), (B2, R), (B3, R), (B3, B1),
(B3, B2),}
4
6.
C2 2
Required probability = 7
C2 7
7.
4! 2! 4!
1
8!
35
8.
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102
Probability
P ( A)
4
216
Thus, P ( A) 1 P ( A)
= 1
9.
4
212 53
216 216 54
= 1 2 3 1 = 6
6
1
24 4
P(E E2) = p1 + p2 p3
P (E1 E2 ) = 1 p1 p2 + p3
30C
3
Favourable elementary events = {(1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 4), (3, 4, 5), (28, 29, 30)}
28
30
C3
1
145
13. Let E be event that all the three drawn balls are of same colour.
Then number of elements in favour of E = 3C3 + 4C3
All the possible different ways drawing three balls = 7C3
3
Required probability =
C3 4C3
7
C3
1
7
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14.
52
Probability
103
C5
C5
1 K
2
P(A) = K, P(B) = K + d =
P(A) : P(B) = K :
K 1
2
K 1
2K : K 1
2
16. We know that the probability of occurrence of an event is always less than or equal to 1 and it is given that
P(A B C) 0.55
0.55 P(A B C) 1
Let P(B C) = x
0.55 1.03 x 1
1 x 1.03 0.55
0.03 x 0.48
17. Let E and H denote the events that the student will pass in English and Hindi examination respectively
P (E H ) 0.1
P (E H ) 0.1
1 P(E H) = 0.1
P(EH) = 0.9
P(H) = 0.65
1
3
4
2
0 4 + 12p + 3 3p + 6 12p 12
13 3p 1
1
13
p
3
3
Also 0
1 3p
1
2
1 p
3
3
3
(i)
(ii)
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104
Probability
1 2p
1
1
1 p
2
2
2
(iii)
1 p
1 3 p 1
4
(iv)
20C
1
= 20
20.
P ( A)
P (B )
20
C2
30
C2
22
C2
30
C2
P( A B)
8
2
20 5
15
30
C2
C2
30
C2
C2
22
30
C2
C2
15
30
C2
C2
316
435
1
( p 2) 0
4
p2 p 2 0
(p 2) (p + 1) 0
p2
Required probability =
[i.e. b2 4ac 0]
( p 0)
52 3
5
5
22. Let E be the event sum of the numbers obtained on the two dice is neither a multiple of 2 nor a multiple of 3
Probability
105
Favourable elementary events to event E = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 5,)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5),
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4) (6, 6)}
P (E )
24 2
36 3
Hence, P(E) = 1 P (E ) 1
2 1
3 3
Probability =
25
11
C3
5
33
P ( A)
19
4
P ( A) 1 P ( A)
4
19
1
1 5
P (C ) 2 P (B ) 2 2 (P ( A))
5
5
P ( A) P ( A) 1
2
4
25. Probability that out of four drawn balls 2 are white, one red and one black.
5
C2 7C1 8C1
20
C4
112
969
3
Required probability =
4
20
27. Total number of ways in which 8 persons can sit on a round table is (8 1)! = 7!
6! 2 2
7!
7
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106
Probability
=
3
52
C2
C2
C0 7C2
10
C2
C2
52
C2
C2
52
C2
7
15
1
2
, P ( A ) P (B )
5
5
P (C )
P (B C ) P (B ) P (C )
2 1 3
5 5 5
1 1 2
P( A B)
2 4 5
P( A B)
1 2 1
3
4 5 2 20
P ( A B ) P ( A) P ( A B )
13
32. (i)
(iv)
33. (i)
53
2
1
20
20 10
C1
13
C1
C2
C1 4C1
52
(iii)
1 3
4 20
52
(ii)
C2
C2
52
C2
13
C2
52
C2
13
52
C2
C2
13
52
C2
C2
13
52
C2
C2
13
52
C2
C2
Probability =
2
1
52 26
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(ii)
35.
28
7
52 13
Probability =
C3
15
(ii)
107
34. (i)
Probability
C3
4
455
C1 6C1 4C1
15
C3
24
91
4
9
Value of C
Value of 4c
Value of b
No. of ways of b
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
3, 4, 5, 6, 10
12
4, 5, 6, 10
16
4, 5, 6, 10
20
5, 6, 7, 10
24
5, 6, 7, 10
28
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
32
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
36
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
10
40
7, 8, 9, 10
4
62
Probability =
62
0.62
100
100
50
n
| n 25| 525
n 25 525
n 25 525
or
n 25 525
n 25 525
n 2 or n 48
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108
Probability
P (E )
55
0.55
100
B + C = 180
Now,
A + D = 180
A D
A
D
90
90
2
2
2
2
A
D
tan cot
2
2
Similarly, tan
tan
B
C
cot
2
2
A
B
C
D
tan tan tan 1
2
2
2
2
A
B
C
D
tan tan tan 1 is a certain event
2
2
2
2
Probability = 1
50C
1
= 50
P(A) =
25
50
B = {3, 6, 9, 48}
P(B) =
16
50
C = {10, 20 50}
P(C) =
5
50
P(A B) =
8
50
B C = {30}
P(B C) =
1
50
P(A C) =
5
50
And A B C = {30}
P(A B C) =
1
50
25 16 5
8
1
5
1
33
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
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40. (i)
C2
20
(ii)
C2
(ii)
C3
C4
15
4
19
3
10
1
6
C3
10
(ii)
C2 6C1 4C3
42. (i)
C1 4C2
10
(iii)
C4
C3
42
6
455 65
C2 9C2 36
1365
91
(iii)
1
65
(iv)
48
91
43. (i)
C2
C3
10
109
14
95
C1 5C1
20
41. (i)
Probability
(ii)
30
44.
C3 25 C3
30
=
45. (i)
C3
88
203
A = getting an odd number on the first die
= {(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6),
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6),
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)}
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110
Probability
(ii)
A and D = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4)}
SECTION - B
NCERT Questions
Exercise-16.1
1.
When a coin is tossed once, there are 2 possible outcomes, Head and Tail, usually represented by H and T.
When a coin is tossed 3 times, then there are 23 = 8 possible outcomes. If S is the sample space of
this experiment, then
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
2
3 HHH
2.
Outcomes
HH
HT
HHT HTH
TH
HTT THH
THT TTH
TT
TTT
A die has six faces, each face bearing one of the numbers from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. So, when a die is rolled
once, then there are six possible outcomes. When the die is rolled twice, there are 6 6 = 36 possible
outcomes. If S is the sample space of this experiment, then
S = {(x, y): x, y {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}
i .e.,
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3),(3, 4),(3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5),(5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2),(6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
3.
When a coin is tossed once, there are 2 possible outcomes Head and Tail usually written as H and T. When
a coin is tossed four times, there are 2 2 2 2 = 24 = 16 possible outcomes. If S is the sample space
of this experiment, then
{HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH,HTHT,
S HTTH,HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT,
TTHH,TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
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4.
Probability
111
When a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes H and T and when a die is rolled once, then there
are six possible outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
When a coin is tossed and a die is thrown, then the sample space contains 2 6 = 12 outcomes.
{(H, 1), (H, 2), (H, 3), (H, 4), (H, 5), (H, 6)
(T, 1), (T, 2), (T, 3), (T, 4), (T, 5), (T, 6)}
5.
1 2 3
4 5 6
1 2 3
4 5 6
When a coin is tossed, it will show either a head or a tail. When the coin shows up a head, a die is rolled
which may show up any one of the six numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
H
1 2 3
4 5 6
Let S denotes the sample space of the experiment, then
S = {T, (H, 1), (H, 2), (H, 3), (H, 4), (H, 5), (H, 6)}
6.
Let the boys and girls in room X be denoted by B1, B2; G1, G2 and those in room Y be denoted by
b1, g1, g2, g3.
A room out of the two can be selected in two ways, either the room X is selected or the room Y is selected.
Corresponding to either case, there are four ways of selecting a person.
B1 B2
b1
G1 G2
g2
g1
g3
7.
{( X , B1 ), ( X , B2 ), ( X , G1 ), ( X , G2 ), (Y , b1 ),
(Y , g1 ), (Y , g 2 ), (Y , g3 )}
There are 3 ways of picking up a die from the bag. Any one of red, white or blue die may be selected.
Corresponding to each way of doing so there are six possible outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Let the three dice
be represented by R, W and B respectively.
2 3
4 5 6
2 3
4 5 6
2 3
4 5 6
112
8.
Probability
(i)
(ii)
10. It is a two stage experiment. First stage results in either head or tail. When the coin shows up head, then
it is tossed again showing up either a head or a tail and if the first toss shows up a tail, then a die is rolled
once which may show up any one of the six numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
HH
HT
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
If S is the sample space, then S = {(H, H), (H, T), (T, 1), (T, 2), (T, 3), (T, 4), (T, 5), (T, 6)}.
11. This experiment is analogous to the experiment of tossing a coin thrice or tossing three coins once. The
only difference is that here we use symbols D and N in place of H and T. Here also, there are 23 = 8 possible
outcomes.
DD
DDD
DN
DDN DND
ND
DNN NDD
NN
NDN NND
NNN
Probability
113
First stage
Second stage 1
Third stage
2 3
4 5 6
1 2 3
4 5 6 1 2 3
4 5 6
{T, (H, 1), (H, 3), (H, 5), (H, 2, 1), (H, 2, 2), (H, 2, 3),
(H, 2, 4), (H, 2, 5), (H, 2, 6 ), (H, 4, 1), (H, 4, 2), (H, 4, 3),
Here the sample space is S
(H, 4, 4), (H, 4, 5), (H, 4, 6), (H, 6, 1), (H, 6, 2), (H, 6, 3),
(H, 6, 4), (H, 6, 5), (H, 6, 6 )}
Note that the sample space contains 1 + 3 + 18 = 22 outcomes.
13. Here, the first slip has four possibilities and second only three. So, there are 4 3 = 12 possible outcomes.
The second slip must show a number different from one on the first slip.
First slip
Second slip
First stage
1
Second stage
HH
HT
TH
TT
H
T
HH
HT
TH
TT
H
T
HH
HT
TH
TT
H
T
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114
Probability
When, the die shows up an odd number, a coin is tossed twice and hence, corresponding to each of 1, 3
and 5 there are four possibilities. When the die shows up an even number, a coin is tossed once and hence,
corresponding to each of 2, 4 and 6 there are only two possible outcomes. In this case, the sample
space is
Stage I
Stage II
1 2 3
5 6
R1
R2 B1
B2
B3
{(H, 1), (H, 2), (H, 3), (H, 4), (H, 5), (H, 6)
(T, R1 ), (T, R 2 ), (T, B1 ), (T, B2 ), (T, B3 )}
16. If the die shows up 6, we stop. If it shows any other number, then the die is tossed again. If the second toss
shows up 6, we stop. If the second toss shows any other number, then we toss the die again. In this
experiment dice may be tossed once, twice, thrice, four times, any number of times.
Here, the sample space is
{6, (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6),
S (1, 1, 6), (1, 2, 6),(1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 6),
(1, 5, 6), (2, 1, 6), (2, 2, 6),}
Exercise-16.2
1.
2.
(ii)
B = { }, an impossible event
Note that there is no outcome in the sample space which is greater than 7.
(iii) C : a multiple of 3,
C = {3, 6}.
(iv)
D = {1, 2, 3}.
(v)
E = {6}.
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(vi)
Probability
i.e.,
115
F = {3, 4, 5, 6}
A B = S { } = S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
A B = S { } = { }
B C = { } {3, 6} = {3, 6},
E F = {6} {3, 4, 5, 6} = {6},
D E = {1, 2, 3} {6} = { },
A C = S {3, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} {3, 6} = {1, 2, 4, 5}
D E = {1, 2, 3} {6} = {1, 2, 3}
E F= {6} {3, 4, 5, 6} = {6} {1, 2} = { }
and F= {3, 4, 5, 6} = {1, 2}.
3.
When a pair of dice is rolled once, then the sample space contains 6 6 = 36, ordered pairs of the type
(x, y), where x is the number that comes up on the first die and y is the number that comes up on the second
die. So, the sample space is
S = {(x, y) : x, y {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}}.
(i)
(ii)
A = {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 4), (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
B : 2 occurs on either die
(iii)
B = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2)}
C : the sum is atleast 7 and a multiple of 3
C = {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 6)}
Here, A B = , B C = , therefore, A and B are mutually exclusive and also B and C are mutually
exclusive. Note that A and C are not mutually exclusive as A C
4.
Here,
A B = A C = B C = D C =
Hence,
and
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116
Probability
(ii)
(iii) Both B and D are compound events as either of them contains more than one outcomes.
5.
(ii)
The three events E1, E2 and E3 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive
Events E1 and E2 of part (i) are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive as
E1 E2 = but E1 E2 S
(v)
The three events E1, E2, E3, are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.
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6.
Probability
117
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
i.e., S
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Given
and
i.e.,
{(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
A (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
B (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1),
and
(i)
A = { : A}
not B = B = { : B}
=SB=A
(iii) A or B = A B = S
(iv)
A and B = {: A and B}
={}
(v)
(vi)
{(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5),
(4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
B or C = B C = {: B or C}
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
=
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1)}
(vii) B and C = B C
= { : B and C}
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2)}
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118
Probability
(viii) A BC
= (A B)C
= {A A}C
= A C
= A but not C = { : A and C}
=
{(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5),
(4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Alternatively, A B C = (A B)C
= (A B) C
= (A B) C
= A C ( A and B have no element in common, therefore, A B = A)
7.
(i)
True ( A B = )
(ii)
True ( A B = and A B = S)
(iii) True ( A = S B B)
(iv)
(v)
False ( A B = A A = A )
(vi)
Exercise-16.3
1.
(a)
Here, each assigned value is non-negative and the sum of all the values
= 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.05 + 0.03 + 0.01 + 0.2 + 0.6 = 1.00
Therefore, given assignment of probabilities is valid.
(b)
Here, also each assigned value is non-negative and sum of all the values
=
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
In this case, the sum of assigned values = 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.6 + 0.7 = 2.8 1
Therefore, the given assignment of probabilities is not valid.
(d)
In this case, values assigned to 1 and 5 are negative, therefore, the given assignment of probabilities
is not valid.
(e)
1
2
3
4
5
6 15 36
1
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
15
> 1, therefore, the given assignment of probabilities is not valid.
14
When a coin is tossed twice, the sample space S contains four equally likely outcomes HH, HT, TH and TT,
i.e., S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Let E : atleast one tail occurs, then E = {HT, TH, TT}
P (E )
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3.
Probability
119
(ii)
(iii) Let E3 : A number less than or equal to one will appear, then E3 = {1}
Hence, P (E3 )
(iv)
Hence, P(E4) = 0
(v)
4.
When a card is taken out from a deck of 52 cards, there are 52 equally likely outcomes.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
1
52
4
1
52 13
26 1
52 2
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
1 2 3
5 6
1 2 3
5 6
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120
Probability
1
.
12
1
.
12
7.
6
3
.
10 5
When a coin is tossed four times, there are 24 = 16 possible equally likely outcomes. The sample space in
this case is
{HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH,
S HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT, TTHH,
TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
1 1 1 1
1
2 2 2 2 16
Total money = Rs 4
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Case-II
Probability
121
3 heads, 1 tails
Required probability =
C3
1 1 1 1
1
=
2 2 2 2
4
Total money
= 3 1 1 1.5
= Rs 1.5
Case-III 2 heads, 2 tails
4
Probability =
3
1 1 1 1
=
8
2 2 2 2
C2
Total money
= 2 1 2 1.5
=1
Case-IV 1 heads, 3 tail
4
Probability =
C1
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
1
4
Amount
Rs 4 Rs 1.50 Rs 1 Rs 3.50 Rs 6
1
1
3
1
1
Probability
16
4
8
4
16
Case-V 4 tails
P (T T T T)
1
16
When three coins are tossed, there are 23 = 8 possible equally likely outcomes. The sample space in this
case is
(i)
(ii)
3
8
4 1
8 2
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122
Probability
(iv)
1 7
8 8
1
8
1
8
(vii) P(exactly two tails) = P({THT, TTH, HTT})
(vi)
3
8
1
8
Given P(A) =
1 7
8 8
2
11
P(not A) = 1 P(A) = 1
2
9
11 11
(i)
(ii)
7
13
11. Out of 20, a person can choose 6 natural numbers in 20C6 ways. Out of these there is only one choice which
will match the six numbers already fixed by the committee
6 20 6
20
20
6 14
6 5 4 3 2 1 14
20
20 19 18 17 16 15 14
2
1
19 17 16 15 19 17 8 15
1
38760
C6
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12. (i)
Probability
123
(ii)
Here, P(A) + P(B) = 0.5 + 0.4 = 0.9 and P(A B) = 0.8 < P(A) + P(B), therefore, these probabilities
are consistently defined
( P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) < P(A) + P(B))
13. (i)
(ii)
1 1 1
5 3 1 7
3 5 15
15
15
(iii)
Complete table is
P(A)
P(B)
P(A B)
1
5
1
15
7
15
0.25
0.6
(i)
1
3
(ii)
0.35
0.5
(iii)
0.5
0.35
0.15
P(A B)
0.7
P(A B) = 0
15. (i)
(ii)
P(A or B) =
3 1
4
0
5 5
5
4
5
1 1
P (E and F )
4 2
1 1 1 2 4 1 5
4 2 8
8
8
= 1 P(E F)
= 1
5
3
=
8
8
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124
Probability
P(E F) = 0.25
1 P(E F) = 0.25
17. (i)
(ii)
40
30
10
60
0.6
100 100 100 100
20.
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Probability
125
P (E 2 )
30 1
,
60 2
32
8
and
60 15
P (E1 and E2 )
(i)
(ii)
24 2
60 5
1 8 2 15 16 12 19
2 15 5
30
30
19
30
19
30
11
30
8
2
15 5
86
2
15
15
{ E2 E1 E2}
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126
Probability
Miscellaneous Exercise
1.
(ii)
60
20C
5
60C
5
ways.
ways
C5
C5
20 19 18 17 16
5
5
60 59 58 57 56
1 1 18 17 16
2 17
34
=
3 3 59 58 56 59 29 7
11977
60
C5
C5
= 1
30 29 28 27 26
1 1 1 27 26
1
60 59 58 57 56
2 2 2 59 57
= 1
9 13
117
1
4 59 19
4484
52C
4
ways
3 spades (out of 13) and one ace (out of 13) can be selected in
13
C3
52
C1
C4
13C
1
ways
13 12 11 13
3
1
52 51 50 49
4
13 2 11 13
22 13
286
52 51 50 49 17 25 49 20825
1 2 3 4
Here, P(1) =
(i)
13C
3
3.
30C )
5
4484
4484
=
2.
30
2 1
6 3
P (2)
3 1
and
6 2
P (3)
1
6
P (2)
1
2
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(ii)
Probability
1 1 3 1
3 6 6 2
(a)
1 5
6 6
10000C
1
= 10000 ways
10C
1
= 10 ways
10
1
10000 1000
P(getting a prize) =
(b)
1
999
1000 1000
10000C
2
ways.
Two tickets (not winning a prize) out of 10,000 10 = 9990 can be selected in
9990
=
(c)
9990 9989
1108779
9990
10000C
10
ways.
9990C
10
ways
C10
10000
C10
ways.
C2
9990C
2
C2
10000
5.
127
100C
60
(or
100C )
40
ways.
Both you and your friend can go either to one section containing 40 students or to the other section
containing 60 students, which can happen in 98C38 + 98C40 ways
(When both go to the section of 40, we have to select 38 out of 98 which can be done in 98C38 ways
and when they go to the other section, we have to select 40 out of 98 students which can be done in
98C
40 ways).
98
C38
100
98
C40
C40
98
98
38 60 40 58
100
60 40
60 40 98 1
1
100
38 60 40 58
98 40 60
= 100 38 58
100 99
9900
9900 33
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128
Probability
(b)
When you and your friend enter into different sections, then it can happen in
98C
39
2C1 ways.
( For the section containing 40 students, we have to select 39 out of remaining 98 and one out
of you and your friend)
98
Required probability =
C39 2C1
100
C40
98
100
C39
( 2C1 = 2)
C40
2 98 60 40 2 40 60 48 16
= 59 39 100 100 99 99 33
6.
Let the three letters be denoted by L1, L2, L3, and three envelopes by E1, E2, E3.
Total number of ways of putting the letters into three envelopes is 3P3 = 3 6
The number of ways in which none of the letter is put into proper envelope is 2.
E1
E2
E3
Required probability
L2
L3
L1
L3
L1
L2
(i)
2
1 2
1
6
3 3
(ii)
= 0.12
(iii) P(A B) = P(A B) = P(A A B ) = P(A) P(A B)
( A B A)
= 0.54 0.35
= 0.19
(iv)
8.
Let E1 : Spokes person is a male and E2 spokes person is over 35 years, then
P (E1 )
3
2
and P (E2 )
5
5
1
5
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Probability
129
= P(E1 E2)
= P(E1) + P(E2) P(E1 E2)
=
9.
(i)
3 2 1 4
5 5 5 5
Left most place can be filled in two ways as only 5 or 7 can be placed there ( Number to be formed
are greater than 5000)
Each of the remaining three places can be filled in 5 ways.
With either 0 or 5. Also, the thousands place can be filled in two ways as only 5 and 7 are to be placed
there. Each of the remaining two places can be filled in 5 ways.
(ii)
99
249
Required probability =
18 3
.
48 8
Aakash Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, Plot No.-4, Sector-11, Dwarka, New Delhi-75 Ph.011-47623456
130
Probability
= 10 9 8 7 = 5040
(10 digits can be arranged in a line 4 at a time in
Required probability =
10P
4
ways)
1
5040
SECTION - C
Model Test Paper
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1.
S = {(T, R1), (T, R2), (T, B1), (T, B2), (T, B3)
(H, 1), (H, 2), (H, 3), (H, 4), (H, 5), (H, 6)}
2.
It is a sure event
3.
The prime numbers between 1 and 50 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
4.
Required probability =
15
3
50 10
P (E )
15
5
36 12
5.
6.
Required probability =
6
1
216 36
Required probability =
P5
360
2401
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8.
Probability
131
5!
and when the letters at extreme ends
3!
9.
Required probability =
C2 8C3
14
C5
3! 3!
3
5!
10
60
143
P(A B) =
5
2
0
17 17
P(A B) =
7
17
10C
2
= 45
Selected two balls will be of different colours if either one is white and one red or one is red and one green
or one is green and one white. Hence number of different ways selecting two balls of different colours
= 2C1 3C1 + 3C1 5C1 + 5C1 2C1 = 31
Required probability =
31
45
P(A B) = 0
13.
P(B) = 0.35
5! 4!
1
8!
14
1 = P(A) +
P ( A)
3
P ( A)
2
[ 3P(A) = 2P(B)]
5
P ( A)
2
2
5
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132
Probability
P(A) =
33
25
, P(B) =
,
200
200
P(A B) =
8
200
33
25
8
50
1
200 4
12C
3
= 220
Number of different ways so that selection of three children consists at least 2 girls
= (number of ways selecting two girls and one boy) + (number of ways selecting three girls)
= 6C2 6C1 + 6C3 = 110
17. (i)
Required probability =
110 1
220 2
(ii)
1
25
(ii)
2
25
(iii)
4
25
20
19. (i)
(iii)
100
80
C10
C10
80
C10
100
C10
(ii)
80
(iv)
C10
100
C10
C10
100
C10
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