For MTG purposes only.

Trigonometry

A Denitions of Trigonometric Functions.

opp
sin x =
hyp
hyp
csc x =
opp

adj
cos x =
hyp
hyp
sec x =
adj

1 Sum Identities.

opp
tan x =
adj
adj
cot x =
opp

cos x
cot x =
sin x

3 Sum to Product Identities.

2 Reciprocal Identities.
sec x =

1
cos x

cot x =

1
tan x

3 Negative Identities.
sin(x) = sin x
tan(x) = tan x

cos(x) = cos x

D Sum, Product Identities.

cos
=
sin

5 Area. s =

cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x

cos
x = sin x
2

cot
x = tan x
2

csc
x = sec x
2

2 tan x
1 tan2 x

A B

2
!
C

a b
c

sin

A B

=
cos

a +b +c
, r inradius, R circumradius
2
base height
2
ab sinC ab sin(A + B )
=
=
2
2
b 2 sin A sin(A + B )
=
2 sin B
a 2 sin B sinC
=
2 sin(B +C )
p
= s(s a)(s b)(s c)

= 1 2 sin2 x

=rs

= 2 cos2 x 1
2 cot x
=
cot2 x 1
2
=
cot x tan x

= 2R sin A sin B sinC

=

abc
, etc
4R

F Some Values of Trigonometric Functions.

5 Half-Angle Identities. sign is determined according to the position of x/2.
r
r
x
1 cos x
x
1 + cos
sin =
cos =
2
2
2
2
r
x
1 cos x
sin x
1 cos x
tan =
=
=
2
sin x
1 + cos x
1 + cos x

(rad)

(deg)

0
r
0
r4
4
4

sin
cos

2
!
C

[4] =

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

5 Cofunction Identities.

x = cos x
2

tan
x = cot x
2

sec
x = csc x
2

a +b

xy
xy
cos
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x + cos y = 2 cos
cos
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x + cos y = 2 sin
sin
2
2

tan 2x =

sin x sin y = 2 sin

sin x + cos x = 1 tan x + 1 = sec x

1 + cot2 x = csc2 x

sin

3 Cosine Law. c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cosC , etc

4 Double-Angle Identities.

4 Pythagorean Identities.
2

a
b
c
=
=
= 2R
sin A sin B sinC

2 Sine Law.

sin x cos y =

1 Quotient Identities.

1
sin x

1 Pythagorean Theorem. (for rt. 4s) a 2 + b 2 = c 2

4 Mollweides Formula. (for checking)

1
sin(x + y) + sin(x y)
2

1
sin x sin y = cos(x y) cos(x + y)
2

1
cos x cos y = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)
2

C Basic Trigonometric Identities.

csc x =

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y
tan x tan y
tan(x y) =
1 tan x tan y
2 Product to Sum Identities.

B Degree-Radian Conversion. 180 = rad

sin x
tan x =
cos x

E Triangles. A, B,C are s opposite to sides a, b, c

6
30
r
1
r4
3
4

4
45
r
2
r4
2
4

3
60
r
3
r4
1
4

2
90
r
4
r4
0
4