Stat 117: Logic

Rules of Inference
Only premises can be substituted with conclusions, not v.v.
Rules can only be substituted to whole lines of proof.
Abbr

Premise ()

Conclusion ()

1 Modus Ponens

MP

p q, p

2 Modus Tollens

MT

p q, q

3 Hypothetical Syllogism

HS

pr

4 Disjunctive Syllogism

DS

5 Constructive Dilemma

CD

6 Destructive Dilemma

DD

7 Simplification

Simp

p q, q r
W
p q, p
V
W
( p q ) ( r s ), p r
V
W
( p q ) ( r s ), q s
V
p q

8 Conjunction

Conj

p, q

Name

9 Addition

Add

q
q

s
W

p
p

Rules of Replacement
Both statements can be substituted for one another.
Rules can be substituted to whole lines of proof or parts of proof.
Name

Abbr

Statement 1 ()
V
( p q)
W
( p q)
V
p q
W
p q
V V
p ( q r)
W W
p ( q r)
V W
p ( q r)
W V
p ( q r)

Statement 2 ()
W
p q
V
p q
V
q p
W
q p
V V
( p q) r
W W
( p q) r
V W V
( p q) ( p r )
W V W
( p q) ( p r )

1 De Morgans Theorems

DM

2 Commutation

Comm

3 Association

Assoc

4 Distribution

Dist

5 Double Negation

DN

6 Transposition

Trans

pq

7 Material Implication

MI, Impl

pq

8 Material Equivalence

Equiv

9 Exportation

Exp

pq
pq
V
( p q) r

q p
W
p q
V
( p q) ( q p)
V W
V
( p q ) ( p q )

10 Tautology

p.1

Taut

p
p

p ( q r)
V
p p
W
p p

njb