Unit 2 Chapter 1 Answers

Page 1 of 58
Chapter 1 Complex numbers

Try these 1.1
(a) (i) Re (5 + 4i) = 5
Im(5 + 4i) = 4
(ii) Re(4 + 7i) = 4
Im(4 + 7i) = 7
(iii) Re(5x + i (3xy) = 5x
Im(5x + i (3xy) = 3xy
(iv) Re(7x2 + y + i (3x 2y)) = 7x2 + y
Im(7x2 + y + i (3x 2y)) = 3x 2y
(v) 7i2 4i = 7 4i since i2 = 1
Re(7i2 4i) = 7
Im(7i2 4i) = 4
(b) (i) 4xi + 3yi 2x
= 2x + i (4x + 3y)
Real part = 2x
Imaginary part = 4x + 3y
(ii) (cos)i + sin
Real part = sin
Imaginary part = cos
(iii) 4 sin (3 cos)i
Re(4 sin (3 cos)i) = 4 sin
Im(4 sin (3 cosi)) = 3 cos
(iv) 8 cos2 + 7cos + i sin3 i sin4
Real part = 8 cos2 +7 cos
Imaginary part = sin3 sin4
(v) 8 cos2 i2 + 7 sin3 i3 + 4i4 cos2 + 7 sin
= 8 cos2 i7 sin3 + 4 cos2 + 7 sin
= 8 cos2 + 4 cos 2 + 7 sin i 7 sin3
Real part = 8 cos2 + 4 cos2 + 7 sin
Imaginary part = 7 sin3
Try this 1.2
Let 3 4i =x + iy
3 4i = x2 y2 + i (2xy)
Equating real and imaginary parts:
x2 y2
=3
2xy = 4
From [2] =
y
[1]
[2]
4 2
=
2x x
Substituting for y in [1]
4
=
3
x2
x4 4 =
3x 2
x 4 3x 2 4 =
0
2
2
( x 4)( x + 1) =
0
x2
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1
Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013
Page 2 of 58
=
x 2 4 since x, y
x = 2
2
When x= 2, y= = 1
2
2
When x =
2, y = =
1
2
3 + 4i = 2 + i, 2 i
Exercise 1A
1
z1 = 2 + 4i, z2 = 3 + 5i
(a) z1 + z2 = 2 + 4i + 3 + 5i = (2 + 3) + (4i + 5i)
= 5 + 9i
(b) z1 z2 = (2 + 4i) (3 + 5i)
= (2 3) + (4i 5i)
= 1 i
(c) z1 z2 = (2 + 4i) (3 + 5i)
= 6 + 10i + 12i + 20i2
= 6 20 + 22i
= 14 + 22i
z
2 + 4i
(d) 1 =
z 2 3 + 5i
2 + 4 i 3 5i
=
3 + 5i 3 5i
6 10 i + 12 i 20 i 2
9 + 25
6 + 20 + 2 i
=
34
26 2
=
+
i
34 34
13 1
=
+ i
17 17
(a) z1 z2 = (3 + i) (4 3i)
= 3 4 + i + 3i
= 1 + 4i
(b) z1 + z3 z4 = 3 + i + (1 + 2i) (2 5i)
= 3 1 + 2 + i + 2i + 5i
= 4 + 8i
(c) z1* z2 = (3 i) (4 3i)
= 12 9i 4i + 3i2
= 12 3 9i 4i
= 9 13i
(a) z1 + z2 = 3 + i + 4 3i
= 7 2i
(b) z3 z4 = (1 + 2i) (2 5i)
= 2 + 5i 4i 10i2
= 2 + 10 + i
=
Page 3 of 58
= 12 + i
z * 1 2i
(c) 3* =
z4 2 + 5i
1 2 i 2 5i
=
2 + 5i 2 5i
2 + 5i + 4i + 10i 2
=
4 + 25
8 + 9i
=
29
8 9
=
+
i
29 29
4 (a) z1 z2 z3 = (3 + i) (4 3i) (1 + 2i)
= (12 9i + 4i 3i2) (1 + 2i)
= (15 5i) (1 + 2i)
= 15 + 30i + 5i 10i2
= 5 + 35i
(b) z2 z3 + z1 z4
= (4 3i) (1 + 2i) + (3 + i) (2 5i)
= 4 + 8i + 3i 6i2 6 15i 2i 5i2
= 4 + 6 6 + 5 + 8i + 3i 15i 2i
= 1 6i
z* + z*
3 i + 4 + 3i
(c) 1 * * 2 =
(1 2i ) (2 + 5i )
z3 z 4
7 + 2i
2 5i + 4 i 10 i 2
7 + 2i
=
12 i
7 + 2 i 12 + i
=
12 i 12 + i
=
84 + 7i + 24 i + 2 i 2
144 + 1
82 + 31i
=
145
82
31
=
+
i
145 145
z1
3+ i
(a)
=
z 2 4 3i
3 + i 4 + 3i
=
4 3i 4 + 3i
=
12 + 9i + 4i + 3i 2
16 + 9
9 + 13i 9 13
=
=
+ i
25
25 25
z + z2
(b) 1
z3 z4
=
Page 4 of 58
3 + i + 4 3i
(1 + 2i ) (2 5i )
7 2i
=
2 + 5i 4 i 10 i 2
7 2i
=
12 + i
7 2 i 12 i
=
12 + i 12 i
=
84 7i 24 i + 2 i 2
144 + 1
82
31
=
i
145 145
z1 z 2
(3 + i ) (4 3i )
(c)
=
z1 + z 2
3 + i + 4 3i
=
12 9i + 4 i 3i 2
7 2i
15 5i 7 + 2 i
=
7 2i 7 + 2i
=
105 + 30 i 35i 10 i 2
49 + 4
115 5i
=
53
115 5i
=
53 53
z + z2
3 + i + 4 3i
(d) 1
=
z 3 + z 4 1 + 2 i 2 5i
7 2i
=
3 3i
7 2i
3 + 3i
=
3 3i 3 + 3i
21 + 21i + 6i 6i 2
=
9+9
=
15 27
i
+
18 18
5 3
=
+ i
6
2
12
2 6
(a) i = (i ) = (1)6 = 1
(b) i15 = i (i2)7 = i (1)7 = i
(c) i21 = i (i2)10 = i (1)10 = i
4
4
4
(d) =
= = 4
i 8 (i 2 )4 ( 1)4
5
5
5
(e) =
=
=
5
20
2 10
i
(i )
(1)10
=
Page 5 of 58
1 + 3i
1 2i
1 + 3i 1 + 2 i
=
1 2i 1 + 2i
(a) z =
1 + 2 i + 3i + 6 i 2
12 + 2 2
5 + 5i
=
= 1 + i
5
z2 = (1 + i)2
= (1 + i) (1 + i)
= 1 i i + i2
= 2i
1
1
(b) z = 1 + i
z
1+ i
=
=1 + i
(1 i )
(1 i )(1 + i )
1 i
= 1 + i 2 2
1 +1
1 1
= 1 + i + + i
2 2
1 3
=
+ i
2 2
z2 = 5 + 12i
z = 5 + 12i
Now
5 + 12i = a + bi
5 + 12i = (a + bi)2
5 + 12i = a2 + 2abi + b2i2
5 + 12i = a2 b2 + 2abi
a2 b2 = 5
[1]
2ab = 12
[2]
12 6
From [2]:=
b =
2a a
Substitute into [1]
2
6
a2 =
5
a
36
a2 2 =
5
a
a 4 36 =
5a 2
a4 + 5a2 36 = 0
(a2 + 9) (a2 4) = 0
a2 + 9 = 0, a2 4 = 0
Since a is real, a = 2
6
When a = 2, b = = 3
2
Page 6 of 58
6
= 3
2
z = 2 + 3i, z = 2 3i
1 1 1
9
=
+
u v w
1
1
1
=
+
u 1 2i 3 + i
1 + 2i
3i
= 2
+ 2 2
2
1 +2
3 +1
1 2
3
1
= + i+
i
5 5
10 10
1 3
=
+
i
2 10
1 1 3
Since =
+
i
u 2 10
1
u=
1 3
+ i
2 10
1 3
i
2
10
=
2
2
1 3
+

2
10
When a = 2, b =
1 3
i
= 2 10
1
9
+
4 100
1 3
i
= 2 10
34
100
100 1 3
=
i
34 2 10
50 30
=
i
34 34
25 15
=
i
17 17
2 i 6 + 8i
10=
z
1+ i
x +i
2 i 1 i 6 + 8i x i
=
1+ i 1 i x + i x i
2 2 i i + i 2 6 x 6 i + 8xi 8i 2
=
1+1
x 2 + 12
1 3i 6 x + 8 + i (8x 6)
=
2
x2 +1
Page 7 of 58
1 6 x + 8 3 8 x 6
=
2
2
+i
x +1
2 x +1 2
1 6x + 8
Re (z) = 2
2 x +1
3 8 x 6
Im (z) =
2
2
x +1
Since Re (z) = Im (z)
1 6x + 8 3 8x 6
2
=
2
2 x +1
2
x +1
6 x + 8 6 8x
2 2
=
x + 1 x2 + 1
2x2 + 2 6x 8 + 8x 6 = 0
2x2 + 2x 12 = 0
x2 + x 6 = 0
(x + 3) (x 2) = 0
x = 3, 2
11 (a) 3 + 4i =a + bi
3 + 4i = (a + bi)2
3 + 4i = a2 + 2abi + b2i2
3 + 4i = a2 b2 + 2abi
a2 b2 = 3
[1]
2ab = 4
4 2
From [2] b =
=
2a a
Substitute into [1]
[2]
2
a =3
a
4
a2 2 = 3
a
a4 3a2 4 = 0
(a2 4) (a2 + 1) = 0
a2 = 4, a2 = 1
2
When a = 2, b = = 1
2
2
When a = 2, b =
= 1
2
3 + 4i = 2 + i, 2 i
2
(b)
24 10i =+
a bi
24 10i = (a + bi)2
24 10i = a2 b2 + 2abi
a2 b2 = 24
2ab = 10
5
From [2] b =
a
[1]
[2]
Page 8 of 58
Substitute into [1]

2
5
a2 = 24
a
25
a2 2 = 24
a
a4 24a2 25 = 0
(a2 25) (a2 + 1) = 0
a2 = 25, a2 = 1
5
When a = 5, b =
= 1
5
5
When a = 5,=
b = 1
5
24 10 i =
5 i , 5 + i
Exercise 1B
1
z2 + 16 = 0
z = 16
z = 16 = 4i, 4i
z2 8z + 17 = 0
8 64 (4) (17) (1)
z=
2(1)
2
8 4
2
8 2i
=
= 4i
2
z = 4 + i or 4 i
z2 4z + 5 = 0
4 16 20
z=
2
4 4
=
2
4 2i
=
2
=2i
z = 2 + i or 2 i
z2 6z + 13 = 0
6 + 36 (4) (13) (1)
z=
2(1)
=
6 16
2
6 4i
=
2
= 3 2i
=
Page 9 of 58
z = 3 + 2i or 3 2i
z2 10z + 31 = 0.
10 100 4(31) (1)
z=
2(1)
10 24
2
10 2 6i
=
= 5 6i
2
z = 5 + 6i or 5 6 i
6 z2 + 1 = (z + i) (z i)
7 z2 2z + 2 = (z 1 i) (z 1 + i)
8 z2 6z + 25 = (z (3 + 4i)) (z (3 4i))
= (z 3 4i) (z 3 + 4i)
9 z4 z2 2z + 2 = (z 1)2 (z + 1 + i) (z + 1 i).
10 Let 2i = a + bi
2i = (a + bi)2
2i = a2 + 2abi + b2i2
2i = a2 b2 + 2abi
Equating real and imaginary parts
a2 b2 = 0
[1]
2ab = 2
[2]
2 1
From [2]=
b =
2a a
2
1
a2 = 0
a
1
a2 2 = 0
a
a4 1 = 0
(a2 1) (a2 + 1) = 0
a2 1 = 0, a2 + 1 = 0
1
When a = 1, b = = 1
1
1
= 1
When a = 1, b =
1
2i =
1 + i or 1 i
z2 (3 + 5i)z 4 + 7i = 0
=
3 + 5i (3 + 5i )2 4 ( 4 + 7i ) 3 + 5i 16 + 30 i + 16 28
=
2
2
3 + 5i 2 i
3 + 5i + 1 + i 3 + 5i 1 i
=
=
z
,
2
2
2
= 2 + 3i or 1 + 2i
11
u2 = 60 32i
(x + iy)2 = 60 + 32i
x2 y2 + 2xyi = 60 + 32i
Equating real and imaginary parts
x2 y2 = 60
[1]
z
Page 10 of 58
2xy = + 32
[2]
32 16
From [2] =
y =
2x x
Substituting into [1]
2
16
x2 = 60
x
256
x2 2 = 60
x
x4 + 60x2 256 = 0
(x2 4) (x2 + 64) = 0
x2 = 4, x2 = 64
Since x , x = 2
16
When x = 2, =
y = 8
2
16
x = 2, y =
= 8
2
u = 2 + 8i or 2 8i
z2 (3 2i) z + 5 5i = 0
z=
3 2i (3 2i )2 4(5 5i )
2
3 2 i 9 12 i + 4 i 2 20 + 20 i
2
3 2 i 15 + 8i
=
2
Since 60 + 32i = (2 + 8i)
=
4 (15 + 8i ) =
(2 + 8i )
15 + 8i = (1 + 4i )
3 2i + 1 + 4i 3 2i 1 4i
or
2
2
4 + 2i 2 6i
=
or
2
2
= 2 + i or 1 3i
12
3z3 23z2 + 52z + 20 = 0
f(z) = 3z3 23z2 + 52z + 20
f(4 + 2i) = 3(4 + 2i)3 + 23(4 + 2i)2 + 52 (4 + 2i) + 20
= 3(16 + 88i) 23(12 + 16i) + 208 + 104i + 20
= 48 + 264i 276 368i + 208 + 104i + 20
=0
(4 + 2i)2 = 16 + 16i + 4i2 = 12 + 16i
(4 + 2i)3 = (12 + 16i) (4 + 2i) = 48 + 24i + 64i + 32i2
= 16 + 88i
Since f(4 + 2i) = 0 4 + 2i is a root of the equation.
Since all the coefficients are real, complex roots occur in conjugate pairs.
Therefore 4 2i is a root of f(z) = 0
A quadratic factor of f(z) is:
(z (4 + 2i)) (z (4 2i))
= z2 (4 2i) z (4 + 2i)z + (16 + 4)
z=
Page 11 of 58
= z 2 4z + 2 iz 4z 2 iz + 20
= z2 8z + 20
Now: 3z3 23z2 + 52z + 20 = (z2 8z + 20) (3z + 1)
z2 8z + 20 = 0, 3z + 1 = 0
1
z = 4 + 2i or 4 2i or
3
13
4z3 7z2 + 6z + 2 = 0
Let f(z) = 4z3 7z2 + 6z + 2
f(1 + i) = 4(1 + i)3 7(1 + i)2 + 6(1 + i) + 2
= 4(1 + i)(1 + i)2 7(1+ 2i + i2) + 6 + 6i + 2
= 4(1 + i)(2i) 14i + 6i + 8
= 8i + 8i 2 14i + 6i + 8
=0
Since f (1 + i) = 0 1 + i is a root of f (z) = 0
Since all coefficients are real, complex roots occur in conjugate pairs
1 i is also a root
A quadratic factor is: (z (1 + i)) (z (1 i))
= z2 (1 i)z (1 + i)z + 12 + 12
= z 2 z + iz z iz + 2
= z2 2z + 2
4z3 7z2 + 6z + 2 = (z2 2z + 2) (4z + 1)
(z2 2z + 2) (4z + 1) = 0
z2 2z + 2 = 0, 4z + 1 = 0
1
z = 1 + i or 1 i or
4
14
Since 3 2i is a root and all coefficients are real, 3 + 2i is also a root
A quadratic factor is:
(z (3 2i)) (z (3 + 2i))
= z2 (3 + 2i) z (3 2i)z + (3 2i) (3 + 2i)
= z 2 3z 2iz 3z + 2iz + 9 + 4
= z2 6z + 13
f(z) = z3 8z2 + 25z 26
= (z2 6z + 13) (z 2)
z = 3 2i or 3 + 2i or 2
15
z3 5z2 + 8z 6 = 0
z = 3, (3)3 5(3)2 + 8(3) 6
= 27 45 + 24 6
= 51 51 = 0
z 3 is a factor
z2 2z + 2
z 3 z3 5z 2 + 8z 6
z 3 3z 2
2z 2 + 8z 6
2 z 2 + 6 z
2z 6
2z 6
0
Page 12 of 58
(z 3) (z2 2z + 2) = 0
z = 3, z2 2z + 2 = 0
2 48
z=
2
2 2i
=
= 1 i
2
z = 3 or 1 + i or 1 i
Try these 1.3

(a) (i)
| 5 + i=|
52 + 12=
26
11
=
+ i ) tan =
arg(5
0.197 rad
5
(ii) | 3 i |=
2
1
arg( 3=
1) tan =
(0) 0
(iii) | 3 i =|
( 3)
+ (1) 2 =
4= 2
5
1
arg( 3 i ) = + tan 1
= 6
3
(iv) | 3 + i |=
3 +1= 2
5
1
arg(
=
3 + i ) tan 1 =
+ 6
3
(b) (i)
| 3 + 4i |=
32 + 42 = 5
4
arg(3 +=
4i ) tan 1 =
0.927 rad
3
(ii) | 2 4i |=
4 + 16 =
20
4
1.107 rad
arg(2 4i ) =
tan 1 =
2
(iii) | 2 + 5i |=
(2) 2 + 52 =
29
5
arg(2 + 5i ) = + tan 1 = 1.951 rad
2
(iv) | 4 7=
i | 16 + 49= 65
7
arg(4 7i ) = + tan 1 = 2.09 rad
4
Exercise 1C
1
(a)
2 + 5i =
2 2 + 52 =
29
(b)
3 + 7i =
32 + 72 =
58
Page 13 of 58
(c)
1 4i =
(1)2 + (4)2 = 17
(d)
1 + 2i =
(1)2 + 2 2 =
5
(e)
cos + i 2sin =
cos2 + (2 sin )2
cos 2 + 4 sin 2
cos2 + 4 (1 cos2 )
4 3 cos 2
4
(a) arg (2 + 4i) = tan 1
2
= 1.107 radians
1
(b) arg (3 i) = tan 1
3
= 0.322 radians
(c) arg (1 + 2i) = tan 1 (2) +

= 2.034 radians.
Page 14 of 58
2
(d) arg =
(4 2i) tan 1
4
= 2.678 radians
We need the modulus and argument of each number:

(a) r = | 2 3i | =
(2) 2 + ( 3) 2 =
3
0.714 radians
=
2
=
arg (2 3i ) =
tan 1
Substituting into r [cos + i sin] and rei:

2 3=
i
7 [cos ( 0.714) + i sin ( 0.714)]
=
7 [cos (0.714) i sin (0.714)]

= 7 e 0.714 i
(b)
r = | 3 + 2i | =
( 3)
+ 22 = 7
2
arg ( 3 + 2=
i ) tan 1
=
+
3
= 2.285 radians
Page 15 of 58
=
3 + 2i
= 7e
(c)
7 [cos (2.285) + i sin (2.285)]
2.285i
r = |1 i | =
(1) 2 + ( 1) 2 =
2 cos + i sin
=
arg (1 i ) =
tan 1 =
1
4
=
1i
= 2e
i
4
4 (a) cos + i sin

3
3
9
9
= cos
+ i sin
3
3
= cos 3 + i sin 3
= 1 + 0i
9
10

2
2
(b) 2 cos + i sin
5
5

20
20
= 210 cos
+ i sin
5
5
= 210 [cos 4 + i sin 4]

= 210 + 0i = 1024
(c) cos + i sin

18
18
6
6
= cos
+ i sin
18
18
= cos + i sin
3
3
1
3
=
+
i
2
2
8
(d) cos + i sin

2
2
8
8
= cos
+ i sin
2
2
= cos 4 + i sin 4
= 1 + 0i
5 (a) Let us write 1 + i in the form r (cos + i sin).
6
Page 16 of 58
Then use de Moivres theorem.

1+ i = 2
arg (1 + i) = tan1 (1) =
2 cos + i sin
4
4
=
1+ i

Now (1=
+ i)
2 cos 4 + i sin 4

20
20
= ( 2) 20 cos
+ i sin
4
4
= 210 (cos 5 + i sin 5)

= 1024 (1 + 0i)
= 1024 + 0i
20
20
(b) |3 =
3i |
=
(using de Moivres theorem)
(3) 2 + ( 3) 2
9+3=
12
3
arg (3 3i) = tan 1
=
6

12 cos
=
3 3i
+ i sin
6
6

Now 3=
3i
12 cos + i sin
6
6
12
12
12
=
12 cos
+ i sin
6
6
12
12
( )
( 12 )
12
[cos (2) + i sin (2)]
= 2 985 984 + 0i
(c) | 3 + i | =
( 3)
+1 = 2
1
arg 3=
+ i tan 1
+
3
5
=
6
Page 17 of 58
5
5
=
3 + i 2 cos
+ i sin
6
6
9

5
5
Now =
3+i
2 cos 6 + i sin 6
45
45
= 29 cos
+ i sin
6
6
15
15
= 29 cos
=
+ i sin
2
2
= 29(0 i)
= 0 512i
(d) |1 i |=
(1)2 + ( 1) 2 =
1
arg (1 i ) =
tan 1 =
1
4
=
(1 i )
2 cos
+ i sin

i ) 2 cos + i sin
(1=
4
4
5
5
= ( 2)5 cos + i sin
4
4
Page 18 of 58
2
2
= ( 2)5
+
i
2
2
= 4 + 4i
3
6
7
3
3
cos + i sin = cos
+ i sin
6
6
6
6
= i
By de Moivres theorem:
cos 4 + i sin 4 = (cos + i sin )4
= cos4 + 4C1 cos3 (i sin) + 4C2 cos2 (i sin)2
+ 4C3 cos (i sin )3 + (i sin )4
cos 4 + i sin 4 = cos4 + i 4 cos3 sin 6 cos2 sin2 i 4 cos sin3 + sin4
cos 4 = cos4 6 cos2 sin2 + sin4
sin 4 = 4 cos3 sin 4 cos sin3.
So cos4 = cos4 6 cos2 sin2 + sin4
= cos4 6 cos2 (1 cos2) + (1 cos2)2
= cos4 6 cos2 + 6 cos4 + 1 2 cos2 + cos4
= 8 cos4 8 cos2 + 1.
sin 4 = 4 cos3 sin 4 cos sin3
= 4 sin (cos3 cos sin2).
= 4 sin [cos3 cos (1 cos2)]
= 4 sin (2 cos3 cos )
By de Moivres theorem
= cos7 + 7C1 cos6 (i sin ) + 7C2 cos5 (i sin )2
+ 7C3 cos4 (i sin )3 + 7C4 cos3 (i sin )4
+ 7C5 cos2 (i sin )5 + 7C6 cos (i sin )6 + (i sin )7
cos 7 + i sin 7 = cos7 + i 7 cos6 sin 21 cos5 sin2 i 35 cos4 sin3
+ 35 cos3 sin4 + i 21 cos2 sin5 7 cos sin6 i sin7
Equating real parts:
cos 7 = cos7 21 cos5 sin2 + 35 cos3 sin4 7 cos sin6
= cos7 21 cos5 (1 cos2) + 35 cos3 (1 cos2)2 7 cos (1 cos2)3
= cos7 21 cos5 + 21 cos7 + 35 cos3 (1 2 cos2 + cos4)
7 cos (1 3 cos2 + 3cos4 cos6)
7
5
3
= 64 cos 112 cos + 56 cos 7 cos
= cos3 + 3 cos2 (i sin ) + 3 cos (i sin )2 + (i sin )3
= cos3 + i 3 cos2 sin 3 cos sin2 i sin3
= cos3 3 cos sin2 + i (3 cos2 sin sin3)
cos 3 = cos3 3 cos sin2
sin 3 = 3 cos2 sin sin3
sin 3
Now tan 3 =
cos3
2
3cos sin sin 3
=
cos3 3cos sin 2
Dividing numerator and denominator by cos3
Page 19 of 58
3cos 2 sin sin 3
cos3
cos3
tan 3 =
3
cos 3cos sin 2
cos3
cos3
3
3 tan tan
=
1 3 tan 2
10 By de Moivres theorem
= cos5 + 5C1 cos4 (i sin ) + 5C2 cos3 (i sin )2 + 5C3 cos2 (i sin )3
+ 5C4 cos (i sin)4 + (i sin)5
= cos5 + i 5 cos4 sin 10 cos3 sin2 i 10 cos2 sin3 + 5 cos sin4 + sin5
Equating real imaginary parts:
cos 5 = cos5 10 cos3 sin2 + 5 cos sin4
sin 5 = 5 cos4 sin 10 cos2 sin3 + sin5
sin 5 5 cos4 sin 10 cos2 sin 3 + sin 5
Now tan
=
5 =
cos5 cos5 10 cos3 sin 2 + 5 cos sin 4
5 tan 10 tan 3 + tan 5
tan 5 =
1 10 tan 2 + 5 tan 4
sin 5 5 cos4 sin 10 cos2 sin 3 + sin 5

=
sin
sin
4
2
2
= 5 cos 10 cos sin + sin4
= 5 cos4 10 cos2 (1 cos2) + (1 cos2)2
= 5 cos4 10 cos2 + 10 cos4 + 1 2 cos2 + cos4
= 16 cos4 12 cos2 + 1
cos3 + i sin 3
12
=
(cos3 + i sin 3 ) (cos5 + i sin 5 ) 1
cos5 + i sin 5
= (cos 3 + i sin 3) [cos(5) + i sin(5)]
= (cos 3 + i sin 3) (cos 5 i sin 5)
= cos 3 cos 5 i cos 3 sin 5 + i sin 3 cos 5 i2 sin 3 sin 5
= (cos 5 cos 3 + sin 5 sin 3) + i (cos 5 sin 3 sin 5 cos 3)
= cos(5 3) + i sin(3 5)
= cos 2 i sin 2
Alternatively
cos3 + i sin 3 (cos + i sin )3
=
cos5 + i sin 5 (cos + i sin )5
11
= (cos + i sin )35

= (cos + i sin ) 2
cos3 + i sin 3
So
= cos(2 ) + i sin( 2 )
cos5 + i sin 5
= cos 2 i sin 2
sin 4
13 tan 4 =
cos 4
= cos4 + 4C1 cos3 (i sin ) + 4C2 cos2 (i sin )2 + 4C3 cos (i sin )3 + (i sin )4
Page 20 of 58
= cos4 + i 4 cos3 sin 6 cos2 sin2 i 4 cos sin3 + sin4

cos 4 = cos4 6 cos2 sin2 + sin4
sin 4 = 4 cos3 sin 4 cos sin3
sin 4
tan 4 =
cos 4
3
4 cos sin 4 cos sin 3
=
cos4 6 cos2 sin 2 + sin 4
4 tan 4 tan 3
tan 4 =
1 6 tan 2 + tan 4
5 9 13
Let tan 4 =
1 4 = , , ,
4 4 4 4
5 9 13
= , , ,
16 16 16 16
4 tan 4 tan 3
=1
1 6 tan 2 + tan 4
4 tan 4 tan3 = 1 6 tan2 + tan4
tan4 + 4 tan3 6 tan2 4 tan + 1 = 0
t = tan
t4 + 4t3 6t2 4t + 1 = 0
n
=
t tan
=
, n 1, 5, 9, 13
16
14 (a) (cos 3 + i sin 3) (co s + i sin )5
= (cos 3 + i sin 3) (cos 5 + i sin 5)
= cos 3 cos 5 + i cos 3 sin 5 + i sin 3 cos 5 + i2 sin 3 sin 5
= (cos 3 cos 5 sin 3 sin 5) + i (cos 3 sin 5 + sin 3 cos 5)
= cos(3 + 5) + i sin(3 + 5)
= cos 8 + i sin 8
(b) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos + i sin )7
= (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos 7 + i sin 7)
= cos 2 cos 7 + i cos 2 sin 7 + i sin 2 cos 7 + i2 sin 2 sin 7
= (cos 2 cos 7 sin 2 sin 7) + i (cos 2 sin 7 + sin 2 sin 7)
= cos(2 + 7) + i sin(2 + 7)
= cos 9 + i sin 9
cos i sin
(c)
= (cos i sin ) (cos (4 ) + i sin ( 4 )) 1
cos 4 i sin 4
= (cos i sin ) (cos 4 + i sin 4)
= cos cos 4 + i cos sin 4 i sin cos 4 i2 sin sin 4
= cos cos 4 + sin sin 4 + i (cos sin 4 sin cos 4)
= cos(4 ) + i sin ( + 4)
= cos 3 + i sin 3
Page 21 of 58
Exercise 1D
1
(a)
(b)
z i =
4
Circle centre (0, 1) radius 4
(c)
z + 4 = 2 z ( 4) = 2
Circle centre ( 4, 0) radius 2
Page 22 of 58
(d)
(e)
z 1 + 2 i = 5 z (1 2 i ) = 5
z + 1 + 3i =
6
z ( 1 3i ) =6
Circle centre (1, 3), radius 6
Page 23 of 58
(f)
z + 2 4i =
7
z ( 2 + 4i ) =7
(a)
z 1 i = z 1 + 2i
z (1 + i ) = z (1 2 i )
Locus of z is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining (1, 1) to (1, 2)
Page 24 of 58
(b)
z 3 + i = z + 1 + 2i
z (3 i ) = z ( 1 2 i )
(c)
z 3i =
z
Page 25 of 58
(d)
z +2 = z 2
z ( 2) = z 2
(e)
| z + 1 + 4i |
=1
| z 1 2i |
z ( 1 4i ) = z (1 + 2i )
Page 26 of 58
(f)
z 1 7i = z + 1 + i
z (1 + 7i ) = z ( 1 i )
2
Locus of z is a half-line starting at (0, 0) excluding (0, 0) and making an angle of
radians with the positive real axis

2
(a) arg (z) =
Page 27 of 58
6

6
(b) arg (z) =
4

4
(c) arg (z 1) =
12

12
(d) arg (z i) =
Page 28 of 58
3
4
3
arg (z (3 2i)) =
4
Locus of z is a half-line starting at (3, 2) excluding (3, 2) and making an angle
3
of
4
(e) arg (z 3 + 2i) =
(f) arg (z 3 4i) =
2
3
2
arg ( z (3 + 4i )) =
3
2
3
Page 29 of 58
(a) z = 1 + 2i + (1 3i),
Locus of z is a line passing through (1, 2) and parallel to 1 3i
(b) z = 1 2i + (3 + 2i),
Locus of z is a line passing through (1, 2) and parallel to 3 + 2i
Page 30 of 58
(c) z = i + (4 + i),
Locus of z is a line passing through (0, 1) and parallel to 4 + i
(d) z = 3 2i + (5 + 2i),
Locus of z is a line passing through (3, 2) and parallel to (5 + 2i)
(e) z = 1 4i + (1 3i),
Locus of z is a line passing through (1, 4) and parallel to 1 3i
Page 31 of 58
(f) z = 2 + (4 + 2i),
Locus of z is a line passing through (2, 0) and parallel to 4 + 2i
(a)
z 2 3
Page 32 of 58
(b)
z 3 < z i
(c)
z 3 2
(d)
z 2i z + 3 i
Page 33 of 58
(e) arg (z i)
(f) arg (z 1 + 3i)
2
3
Page 34 of 58
(a) | z 1 + 2 i | = 2 | z (1 2 i )| = 2
Locus of z is a circle with centre (1, 2) and radius 2
(b) |z + 3 + 2i| = |z 1 i|
|z (3 2i)| = 12 (1 + i)|
arg (z (1 i)) =
3
3
Locus of z is a half-line starting at (1, 1) excluding (1, 1) and making an
angle of
3
(c) arg (z 1 + i) =
Page 35 of 58
3
3
arg (z (2 + 3i)) =
4
4
3
angle of
4
(d) arg (z 2 3i) =
(a)
z + 2 + 3i = 5 z ( 2 3i ) = 5
Page 36 of 58
2
2
arg (z (2 + 2i)) =
3
3
2
angle of
3
(b) arg (z 2 2i)) =
(c)
z 3 i = z + 4 + 2 i z (3 + i ) = z ( 4 2 i )
(d) z = (1 + i) + (3 + 5i),
Locus of z is a straight line passing through (1, 1) and parallel to 3 + 5i
Page 37 of 58
(a)
z 2 =
3
z 2 2i = z z (2 + 2i ) = z
Perpendicular bisector of the line joining (2, 2) to (0, 0)
sin
b
=
4 3
3 2
=
4
2
a
cos =
4 3
b = 3 sin
Page 38 of 58
a = 3 cos
3 2
=
4
2
3 2 3 2
point of intersection = 2
+
i
2 2
3 2
2
3 2
d=
2
c= 2 +
3 2 2
Next point of intersection is 2 +
3
i
2 2
z 3 + i = z + 1 + 2i
Let z = x + iy
x + iy 3 + i = x + iy + 1 + 2 i
(x 3) + i ( y + 1) = (x + 1) + i ( y + 2)
( x 3)2 + ( y + 1)2 =
( x + 1)2 + ( y + 2)2
(x 3)2 + ( y + 1)2 = (x + 1)2 + ( y + 2)2

x 2 6x + 9 + y 2 + 2y + 1 =x 2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 + 4y + 4
8x + 2y 5 = 0
The Cartesian equation of the locus is 2y + 8x 5 = 0
10 z 2 + 3i =
4
Let z = x + iy
x + iy 2 + 3i =
4
(x 2) + i ( y + 3) =
4
(x 2)2 + ( y + 3)2 =
4
(x 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 42
Locus of z is a circle with centre (2, 3) and radius 4
The Cartesian equation is x2 4x + y2 + 6y 3 = 0
2
11 arg (z 3 4i) =
3
Let z = x + iy
2
arg (x + iy 3 4i) =
3
2
arg ( x 3 + i ( y 4)) =
3
y 4 2
tan 1
=
3
x3
y 4
= 3
x 3
y4=
3 (x 3)
y = 3 x 3 3 + 4, x > 3
Locus of z is a line with gradient
3 and x > 3
Page 39 of 58
12 (a)
z + 2 = z 1
(b) arg (z i) =
Half-line starting at (0, 1) excluding (0, 1) and making an angle of
radians
4
with the positive real axis
(c)
z 2 + 5i = 3 z (2 5i ) = 3
Page 40 of 58
13
z (3 + 3i ) =
z
z 3 =
4
b
4 2
= b = 4sin =
=2 2
4 4
4
2
cos
= sin
= 2 2
4
4
a= 3 2 2
sin
d=2 2
c= 3 + 2 2
Page 41 of 58
Points of intersection:
(3 2 2) + (2 2)i
and (3 + 2 2) (2 2)i .
14
z 4 2i =
1
z (4 + 2 i ) =
1
Length of OC =
42 + 22 =
20
z1 has the smallest argument and z2 has the largest argument

sin =
1
20
= 0.226
2
= 0.464
4
arg (z1) = = 0.464 0.226 = 0.238 radians
tan =
=
z1
( 20)2 12
19
=
z1
19 [cos (0.238) + i sin(0.238)]
= 4.236 + 1.028 i
arg (z2) = + = 0.464 + 0.226
= 0.69
z 2 = 19
z2 = 19 [cos 0.69 + i sin 0.69]

= 3.362 + 2.775i
The complex number with the smallest argument is 4.236 + 1.028 i
The complex number with the largest argument 3.362 + 2.775 i
15 z 2 i = z 4
Page 42 of 58
arg (z 1) =
Half-line starting at (1, 0) excluding (1,0) and making an angle of
radians with the

4
positive real axis
Point of intersection is 2 + i
1
16 z 1 i =
2
1
z (1 + i ) =
2
1
Circle centre (1, 1) radius
2
Page 43 of 58
1
1
sin = 2 =
= 0.361 radians
2 2 2
1
tan = =
4
1
= = 0.361 = 0.424 radians

4
Smallest argument = 0.424 radians
Largest argument = + 0.424 = 1.209 radians

4
Review exercise 1
1
1 + 2i
3+i
1 + 2i 3 i
=
3+i
3i
(a)
3 + i + 6i 2i 2
9 +1
1 + 7i 1 7
=
=
+ i
10
10 10
=
(b)
5 + 12i =
= 13
(5)2 + 12 2
12
arg(=
5 + 12i) tan 1 +
5
= 1.966 radians
Page 44 of 58
5 12i
3 + 4i
5 12i 3 4i
=
3 + 4i 3 4i
z =
15 20i 36i + 48i 2

32 + 4 2
33 56i
=
25
33 56
=
i
25 25
=
33 56 13
|z| =
+
=
5
25 25
56
33 56
i tan 1 25
arg =
25 25
33
25
= 2.103 radians
Let ( x + iy) = 16 30i
2
( x + iy)2 =16 30i

x2 y2 + i (2xy) = 16 30i
x2 y2 = 16
2xy = 30
15
From (2) y =
x
Substitute into [1]
[1]
[2]
15
=
x2
16
x
225
=
16
x2
x4 225 = 16 x2
x4 16x2 225 = 0
(x2 25) (x2 + 9) = 0
x2 = 25, x2 = 9
Since x is real x2 = 25, x = 5
15
When x = 5, y =
= 3
5
x2
Page 45 of 58
15
= 3
5
16 30i =
5 3i , 5 + 3i
3
Let f(z) = 2z 3z3 + 32z + 17
f(1 + 4i) = 2(1 + 4i)3 3(1 + 4i)2 + 32(1 + 4i) + 17
(1 + 4i)2 = 1 + 8i + 16i2 = 15 + 8i
(1 + 4i)3 = (1 + 4i) (15 + 8i) = 15 + 8i 60i + 32i2
= 47 52i
f(1 + 4i) = 2(47 52i) 3(15 + 8i) + 32(1 + 4i) + 17
= 94 104i + 45 24i + 32 + 128i + 17
= 94 + 94 104i + 104i
=0
1 + 4i is a root of the equation.
Since roots occur in conjugate pairs for real coefficients 1 4i is also a root.
A quadratic factor is
(z (1 + 4i)) (z (1 4i))
= z2 (1 4i) z (1 + 4i) z + (1 + 4i) (1 4i)
= z2 2z + 17.
Now
2z3 3z2 + 32z + 17 = (z2 2z + 17) (az + b)
a=2
17b = 17 b = 1
(z2 2z + 17) (2z + 1) = 0
1
z = 1 + 4i, 1 4i,
2
(a) z2 2z + 6 = 0
When x = 5,=
y
2 ( 2)2 4(1)(6)
2
2 20
=
2
2 2i 5
=
2
= 1 i 5
z=
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
1 + i 5 = 12 +
( 5)
= 6
5
arg (1 + i=
5) tan 1 =
1.150 radians
1
Page 46 of 58
z 2 + 2 3i 2
The locus of z for z ( 2 + 2 3i) =2 is a circle centre (2, 2 3 ) and radius 2.
(a)
OA = least value of z
OC = (2) 2 + 2 3
= 4 + 12 = 4
AC = 2
OA = 4 2 = 2
(b) Greatest possible value of arg (z) is

= + .
2 3
2
=
arg (2 + 2 3=
=
i) tan 1
+ =
3 3
2
2 1
1
= tan 1 = 0.464 radian
tan = =
4 2
2
2
=
+ 0.464= 2.558 radians
3
7
(a)
1 3i=
12 + 3 =
4= 2
arg 1 3i =
tan 1
=
3
1
1 3i =
2e
(b)
i
3
sin i=
cos
(sin )2 + ( cos )2
Page 47 of 58
sin 2 + cos2
= 1
=1
cos
arg (sin i cos ) =
tan 1
sin
= tan 1 ( cot )
= tan 1 ( tan( ))
2

= tan 1 tan
2

sin cos = e( / 2) i
(c) 1 + cos 2 + i sin 2
1 + cos 2 + i sin 2 =+
(1 cos2)2 + sin 2 2
=
1 + 2 cos2 + cos2 2 + sin 2 2
=
=
2 + 2 cos2
2(1 + cos2 )
= 2(2 cos2 )
= 2 cos
sin 2
arg(1 + cos2 + i sin2) =
tan 1
1 + cos2
2sin cos
= tan 1
2
2cos
= tan-1(tan)
=
1 + cos 2 + i sin 2 = 2 cos ei
f(z) = 3z3 16z2 + 27z + 26 = 0
f(3 + 2i) = 3(3 + 2i)3 16(3 + 2i)2 + 27(3 + 2i) + 26
(3 + 2i)2 = 9 + 12i + 4i2 = 5 + 12i
(3 + 2i)3 = (3 + 2i) (5 + 12i) = 15 + 36i + 10i + 24i2

= 9 + 46i
f(z) = 3(9 + 46i) 16(5 + 12i) + 27(3 + 2i) + 26
= 27 + 138i 80 192i + 81 + 54i + 26
= 107 + 107 + 138i 138i
=0
3 + 2i is a root of f(z) = 0
Since all coefficients are real, 3 2i is also a root
A quadratic factor is:
(z (3 + 2i)) (z (3 2i))
= z2 (3 2i) z (3 + 2i) z + (3 + 2i) (3 2i)
= z2 6z + 13
3z3 16z2 + 27z + 26 = (z2 6z + 13)(az + b)
Coefficient of z3 a = 3
26 = 13b b = 2
Page 48 of 58
(z2 6z + 13) (3z + 2) = 0

2
z = 3 + 2i, 3 2i,
3
(a) z= z 4
Locus is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining (0,0) and (4,0)
(b) arg(z i) =
Locus is a half-line starting at (0,1) excluding (0,1) and making an angle of
Point of intersection is (a ,b)

a=2
c
=
4 2
c = 2 tan
=2
4
tan
b=2+1=3
Point of intersection is 2 + 3i
10
3 =
i
( 3)
+ ( 1)2=
4= 2
1 1
arg =
3 i tan =
6
3

3=
i 2 cos + i sin
6
6
Page 49 of 58

3 i= 2 cos + i sin
6
6
6
6
= 26 cos + i sin de Moivres theorem
6
6
= 64 [cos() + i sin()]
= 64 + 0i
3 + 4i 3 + 4i 1 + 2i
11 (a)=
w =
1 2i 1 2i 1 + 2i
3 + 6i + 4i + 8i 2
1+ 4
5 + 10i
=
=1 + 2i
5
(b)
(c) Let the greatest value of arg z =

=+
OC = (1) 2 + 22 = 5
sin =
1
1
= sin 1
= 0.464 radians
5
5
2
= arg(1 + 2i) = + tan 1
= 2.034 radians
= 2.034 + 0.464 = 2.498 radians
12 f(z) = 2z3 + z2 4z + 15
) (
) (
3
f 1 + 2i =2 1 + 2i + 1 + 2i
(1 + 2i) =1 + 2 2i + 2i =1 + 2 2i
(1 + 2i) =(1 + 2i)( 1 + 2 2i) =1 + 2
2
= 5 + 2i
4 1 + 2i + 15
) (
) (
2i 2i + 4i 2
) (
f 1 + 2i =
2 5 + 2i + 1 + 2 2i 4 1 + 2i + 15
=
10 + 2 2i 1 + 2 2i 4 4 2i + 15
= 15 + 15 + 4 2i 4 2i =
0
1 + 2i is a root of f ( z ) =
0
Page 50 of 58
Since all the coefficients are real, 1 2i is also a root. A quadratic factor is
( z (1 + 2i)) ( z (1 2i))
(
) (
) (
)(
= z 2 1 2i z 1 + 2i z + 1 + 2i 1 2i
= z 2 2 z + 3.
2 z 3 + z 2 4 z + 15 = ( z 2 2 z + 3) (az + b)
Coefficient of z 3 2 =
a
15 = 3b b = 5
2 z 3 + z 2 4 z + 15 = ( z 2 2 z + 3) (2 z + 5) = 0
5
z =1 + 2i, 1 2i,
2
13 (a) z 1= 1 i
=
z1
2
(1) 2 + (1)
=

z 1 = 1 i = 2 cos
+ i sin
4
4
arg ( z=
tan 1 (=
1)
1)

z 81 =(1 i)8 = 2 cos
+ i sin

4
4
8
8
8
=
2 cos
+ i sin
4
4
= 24 [cos (2) + i sin (2)]

= 16 + 0i
(b) z1 z2= 5 + 12i
( )
5 + 12i 5 + 12i 1 + i 5 + 5i + 12i + 12i 2

=
=
1 i
1 i
1+ i
2
7 + 17i 7 17
=
=
+ i
2
2
2
(c) ei = cos + i sin
= 2 cos2 + i 2 sin cos
2
2
2
z2=
= 2 cos
2
cos 2 + i sin 2

= 2cos e 2
2
i

= 2e 2 cos
2
14 (a)
Page 51 of 58
(b) Let
5 + 12i = a + bi
5 + 12i = (a + bi)2
5 + 12i = a2 b2 + i (2ab)
a2 b2 = 5
2ab = 12
12 6
From [2] =
a =
2b b
[1]
[2]
6
Substituting in [1] b 2 =
5
b
36
b2 + 5 =
0
b2
36 b4 + 5b2 = 0
b4 5b2 36 = 0
(b2 9) (b2 + 4) = 0
b2 = 9, b2 = 4
b = 3 b
6
When b= 3, a= = 2
3
6
When b =
3, a ==
2
3
5 + 12i = 2 3i , 2 + 3i
z + 4 z + 9 12i =
0
a = 1, b = 4, c = 9 12i
4 16 4(9 12i)
z=
2
4 20 + 48i
=
2
4 4 5 + 12i
=
2
2
Page 52 of 58
4 2 5 + 12i
2
z = 2 5 + 12i
Substitute 5 + 12i = 2 + 3i
z = 2 + (2 + 3i), 2 (2 + 3i)
z = 3i, 4 3i
ei
1 ei
cos + i sin
=
1 cos i sin
z=
15
cos + i sin
1 cos + i sin
1 cos i sin 1 cos + i sin
=
=
(cos + i sin ) (1 cos + i sin )

(1 cos )2 + sin 2
cos cos2 + i sin cos + i sin i sin cos + i 2 sin 2

1 2 cos + cos2 + sin 2
cos (cos2 + sin 2 ) + i sin

2 2 cos
cos 1 + i sin
=
2(1 cos )
(1 cos )
=
+
2(1 cos )
=
16
i 2sin
cos
4sin
1
1
+ i cot
2
2
2
7 + 8i =
( 7)2 + 82 =
113
1 8
arg=
(7 + 8i) tan =
2.290 radians
7
=
7 + 8i
113 (cos 2.290 + i sin 2.290)
8
=
( 7 + 8i ) 113 (cos2.290 + i sin 2.290)
cos ( 8 2.290 ) + i sin ( 8 2.290 )

= 163 047 361(cos 18.32 + i sin 18.32)
= 140 715 005.6 82 363 396.8i
17 (a) w = 4 3i
1
1
w + = 4 3i +
w
4 3i
1
4 + 3i
= 4 3i +
4 3i 4 + 3i
4 + 3i
=4 3i +
25
113
Page 53 of 58
4
3
+
i
25 25
104 72
=
i
25 25
(b)
4i= a + bi
= 4 3i +
4i
=
(a + bi )
4i =+
a 2 (2ab)i + b 2 i 2
4i = (a 2 b 2 ) + (2ab) i
a2 b2 = 0
2ab = 4
From [2] a =
[1]
[2]
2
b
2
2
Substituting in [1] b 2 =
0
b
4 b4 = 0
(2 b2) (2 + b2) = 0
b2 = 2, b2 = 2
Since b is real b = 2
2
When=
b
2,=
a = 2
2
2
When b =
2, a ==
2
2
4i = 2 + 2i , 2 2i
(c)
Page 54 of 58
18
Locus of z 1 = z + i is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining (0,1) and (1,0)
Locus of z (3 3i ) =
2 is a circle centre (3,-3) radius 2
Let z= x + iy
Then in Cartesian form the locus of the line is
x + iy 1 = x + iy + i
(x 1)2 + y2 = x2 + (y + 1)2
x2 2x + 1 + y 2 = x2 + y 2 + 2 y + 1
y = x
In Cartesian form the locus of the circle is
(x 3)2 + (y + 3)2 = 22
Page 55 of 58
Substituting for y
(x 3)2 + (x + 3)2 = 4
x2 6x + 9 + x2 6x + 9 = 4
2x2 12x + 14 = 0
x2 6x + 7 = 0
6 36 28 6 8
=
x =
2
2
62 2
=
=3 2
2
When x =3 + 2, y =
3 2
When x =3 2, y =
3+ 2
The points of intersection are
(3 + 2 ) (3 + 2 ) i and (3 2 ) (3 2 ) i
(1 i)15
2
1=
i
(1)2 + ( 1)
=
19 (a)
arg (1 =
i) tan 1 (=
1)

2 cos
+ i sin
4
4
=
1 i
15

=
(1 i)
2 cos
+ i sin

4
4
15
15
15
=
2 cos
+ i sin
4
4
15 1
1
=
2
+
i
2
2
15
( )
de Moivres theorem
( )
( 2) + ( 2)
14
14
= 128 + 128i
2
7
2
3
i
i
i
e5
7
7
5
4
20
(b) =
=
=
+ i sin
e
e
cos
3
i
20
20
e4
= 0.454 0.891i
cot i (cot i) (cot i)
20
=
cot + i (cot + i) (cot i)
cot 2 2 cot i + i 2
cot 2 i 2
1 + cot 2 2 cot i
1 + cot 2
1 + cot 2 (2 cot ) i
2
(1 + cot2 = cosec )
cosec 2
Page 56 of 58
cos 2
cos
2
2
sin
sin
=
i
1
1
sin 2
sin 2
2
2
= (sin + cos ) 2 sin cos i
= cos2 sin2 i (sin 2)
= cos 2 i sin 2
= cos (2) + i sin (2)
cot i
=1
cot + i
1 +
cot i
= 2
arg
cot + i
cot i
e 2 i
=
cot + i
21
z 1 i= 2 z 2 + 3i
Let z= x + iy
( x + iy 1 i=) 2 ( x + iy ) 2 + 3i
( x 1) + i ( y 1) = 2 x 2 + i ( y + 3)
( x 1)2 + ( y 1)2= 2 ( x 2)2 + ( y + 3)2
2
2
2
2
( x 1) + ( y 1)= 2 2 ( x 2 ) + ( y + 3)
x2 2x + 1 + y2 2y + 1 = 4 [x2 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9]
3x2 14x + 3y2 + 26y + 50 = 0
14
26 50
x2 + y 2 x +
+
=
0
3
3y 3
14
26
50
x2 x + y 2 + y +
=
0
3
3
3
2
2
7
13
49 169 50
+
+
+
=
x
y
0

3
3
9
9
3
2
7
13 68
=
0
x +y +
3
3
9
2
2
7
13
68 68
=
x + y + =
3
3
9 3
7 13
The locus of z is a circle with centre , and radius
3
3
n
22 (1 + cos + i sin)
= 2 cos2 + i 2sin cos
2
2
2
= 2 cos cos + i sin
2
2
2
n
68
3
Page 57 of 58
i
= 2 cos e 2
2
i
= 2n cos n e 2
2
23 cos 5 + i sin 5
= (cos + i sin)5
= cos5 + 5C1 cos4 (i sin) + 5C2 cos3 (i sin)2 + 5C3 cos2 (i sin)3
+ 5C4 cos (i sin)4 + (i sin)5
= cos5 + i (5 cos4 sin ) 10 cos3 sin2 i(10 cos2 sin3)
+ 5 cos sin4 + i sin5
Equating real parts:
cos 5 = cos5 10 cos3 sin2 + 5 cos sin4
= cos5 10 cos3 (1 cos2 ) + 5 cos (1 cos2)2
= cos5 10 cos3 + 10 cos5 + 5 cos (1 2 cos2 + cos4)
= 16 cos5 20 cos3 + 5 cos
cos 5 = 0
16 cos5 20 cos3 + 5 cos = 0
cos (16 cos4 20 cos2 +5) = 0
cos = 0 or 16 cos4 20 cos2 + 5 = 0
20 400 4(16)(5)
cos2 =
32
20 80
=
32
20 4 5
=
32
5 5
=
8
1 + cos2
cos2 =
2
1 + cos2 5 5
=
2
8
5 5
1 + cos2 =
4
5
5
1
5
1=
cos 2 =
4
4
4
4
Since cos 5 = 0
5 = cos-1(0)
5 =
10
5
1
cos 2 =
+
4
10 4
(take the + sign because cos is positive for angles in the first quadrant)
Page 58 of 58
1+ 5
cos =
4
5
Using the double angle formula
1 + cos 2
cos 2 =
2
1 + cos ( /5 )
cos 2 =
2
10
1+ 5
+1
= 4
2
1+ 5 + 4
=
8
5+ 5
=
8

Unit 2 Chapter 1 Answers

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Unit 2 Chapter 1 Answers

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Page 1 of 58

Chapter 1 Complex numbers

Substituting for y in [1]

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Substitute into [1]

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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Try these 1.3

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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(c) arg (1 + 2i) = tan 1 (2) +

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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We need the modulus and argument of each number:

Substituting into r [cos + i sin] and rei:

7 [cos (0.714) i sin (0.714)]

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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7 [cos (2.285) + i sin (2.285)]

4 (a) cos + i sin

= 210 [cos 4 + i sin 4]

(c) cos + i sin

(d) cos + i sin

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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Then use de Moivres theorem.

= 210 (cos 5 + i sin 5)

(using de Moivres theorem)

[cos (2) + i sin (2)]

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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3cos 2 sin sin 3

sin 5 5 cos4 sin 10 cos2 sin 3 + sin 5

= (cos + i sin )35

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

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= cos4 + i 4 cos3 sin 6 cos2 sin2 i 4 cos sin3 + sin4

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013