Nit 6 in Roduc ON C G: U T TI To Ba AN IN

UN IT 6
St r
IN T R OD UCT IO N T O BA L A N CIN G
u c t u r e
6 1
In t r o d u c t i o
O bj e c t i v
es
6 2
Fo
6 3
B a la
6 4
Pr o
6 5
Ext er nal B a l a n c i n g
6 6
St a t i c
6 7
Se
6 8
B a la n
6 9
Su
6 10
S h a fi
rc e o n
in g
n c
c e
du
fo
re
e a r in
g du
S in g le R e v
B a la n
d Dy
a n
v e r a
d B
a n
a sse s
in g
Rev
f Se v
a ss
a ss
l M
lv in g M
v o
a ss
in g
l v in g in Sa m
e ra
t o S in g le R e v o lv in g M
lv i n g M
f S i n g le R e
ic B a la n
n am
l M
c in
a sse s
in
P la
r a n s v e r se
D i f fe r e n t T
n e
Pla n
r a n sv e rse
e s
m m a ry
t o SA
n sw e rs
Qs
6 1 JN T R O D U C T I O N
In t h e
sy st e m
acc u ra c
ro
tate w
a x
is
y in
it h t h e
f the
l to the
qu a
g m a s se s , the r o t a t in g
fa c t u r in g f i t t in g t o le r a n c e s
r o t a t in
m an u
ha ft
d if the
an
c en tre o
ha ft the n t h e
m ass w
e c c e n t r ic ity
Sin
c e
il l be
the
ha v
m a sse s
etc
t r ic ity d u
e ec c en
tta
m ass a
he d to
f g r a v ity o f t h e r o t a t in g m
e f fe c t i v e l y r o t a t i n g a b o u t
ha s to
m ass
rem a
in
at t
ha t
a n
ax
diu
r a
do
a ss
t o l i m it e d
a ro
t a t i n g s h a ft
t lie
es n o
is
o n
a t c e r t a in
ill
th e
r a
diu
th e s ha ft w i ll be
p u l le d i n t h e d i r e c t io n o f t h e m a s s by a f o r c e e q u a l t o t h e c e n t r i f u g a l f o r c e d u e t o i n e r t i a
f t h e r o t a t in g m a s s T he r o t a t in g c e n t r if u ga l fo r c e p r o v id e s h a r m o n ic e x c it a t i o n t o
s y s t e m w h i c h t h e r e by c a u s e s f o r c e d v i br a t i o n o f t h e m a c h i n e s W e w i l l d i s c u s s h o w s u c h
o
fo r c e
O bj
ec
A ft e r
be ba la n
can
pr o du c t
tiv
stu
m ass a n
d to
ce
th e e f fe c t o f u n b a la n c e
r em o v e
ec cen
T he
u n
ba la n
ce
ba la n
ce
is
pr e sse d
ex
as
t r i c it y
es
dy in g t h i s
w
u n
ha t is
it y o u
sho u
un
ba la n
ce
ld be
d fo
rce
b le t o
a n
d the
u n
is
u n
ba la n
c e
d fo
rce
du
to
ho w is
u n
ba l a n
ce
d fo
rc e
du
to se v
ho
s in
de r st a n d
f fe c t
g le
era
r o
f t h is
ta t in g
r o t a t in
m ass
m asse s
an
in t h e
p la n
sam e
de te r m in e d T
6 2 F O R C E O N SH A F T A N D B E A R I N G D U E T O
SI N G L E R E V O L V I N G M A SS
F ig u r e 6 I
s ho w s a r e v o
t w o be a r in g s T h e
t o the
sha ft a
be a r i n g
so
m a ss
d is ta n
t ha t t he
T he
s ha ft
g e n i ty
h a ft t o w
is
ar
f the
r o t a t in
ds t he
M is
ra
tt a c he d t o
d iu s
h a ft b e t w
e d t h e l i m it e d
,
it h
t a
f the
m a t e r ia
m ass a
a
fr o m be a r in g
ce a
spa n o
t o t h e t o le r a n c e s a s s ign
ho m
l v in g
h o r i z o n t a l s h a ft w h i c h i s
a x is o f the sha f t T he m
su
f r o m t he
on
t h e l e ft
accu
t he
an
at
d ist a n
ce
b fr o m
be a r in g s i s a + b T h e
r a c y o f t h e m a n u fa c t u r in g m
een
p p o r t e d by
ass
r
is
ight h a n d
e c c e n t r ic
ac
a tta che
hin e s
ity i s du
an
an an
r a d/ S A d y n a m i c f o r c e F
gu la r v e lo c ity
M T h e m a gn it u d e o FF i s g i v e n b y
i ll pu ll the
c o n n ected m ass
(T
15 5
Scanned by CamScanner
T heo r )
T he f o
f M a c hin es
rce
ill be
R 1 a n d R/ f
he r e a c t io n s
t he s
rc e o n
b e n d i n g fo
c a lc u la t e
be
can
h a ft
d by
an
i ll
c a u se
ide r in g t h e
co ns
be n d i
rh
q u i l ibr i u m
h
f t h
ba la
to
lu ll o
j in
R,
f l bc
U)
i B i E ii
L
F ig u
T he s e
6 1
r e
be a r in g s
r e a c t io n s o n
Rev
ill
ing M
o lv
r o ta te w
it h t he
w e a r o f be a r in g a ll o v e r t he c ir c u m
b je c t e d t o b e n d i n g m o m e n t w h o s e m a x im
m ass
M is
c o n n e c te
d to t he
b
+
a
w he n the r e a c ti o n
b a l a n c in g i s d o n e
s ha
Ex
t t a c he d t o
m ass
fe r e n c e
T he
su
ass a
s a t t he s u
ill
ft T h e b e n d i n g
o r iz o n t a
he n
ce w
l Sha ft
ill
in c r e a se T he
i ll o c c u r at t he
m o m ent un
de r t he
fa t ig u e d a m
c a u se
a ls o
v a lu e w
um
s ha
se c
r e v o lv
ft
t io
in g
ge
ill be
n w
he r e the
m ass w
il l be
M
b
p p o r t s be c o
m e m o re
t h a n t h e t o l e r a b l e l i m it s o f b e a r i n g s t h e
p le 6 1
a m
A
a
s ha
ft
d is t a n
c ir c u la r c r o s s s e c t io n o
ce o
f 1m
f dia m
50
eter
m m
f 2 0 kg is a tta c he d t o t he
is T he m a s s i s p la c e d a t
m a ss o
s u p p o r t e d in t w o b e a r i n g s
h
s a f t s u c h t h a t it s c e n t r e o f
is
g r a v i ty i s 5 m m f r o m t h e a x
a d i s t a n c e o f 4 00 m m * o m
l e f t h a n d be a r i n g T o a v o i d u n e u a l w e a r in o f be a r i n s t h e d i
e s g n e r p la c e s t he
q
g
g
m a s s in the c e n t r e o f t he s a n C a lc u la t e r e
a c t io n s a t b e a r i n g s m a x i m u m be n d in
p
,
m o m en
So l u t i o
ts a n
d be n d in g s t r e s s e s if t he
sha
ft
r o tate s at
7 5 0 r pm
T he fo r c e
c a u s e d o n sha ft
2 7t N
(O
du e to
2 7t
1 S0
W
(
7 8 54
60
F
r o t at io n
60
r a d/ S
Us e M
2 0 kg ,
GD
7 8 54
20
r a d / S,
( 7 8 5)
10
10
3
.
3
m
6 16 85 N
Ca se I
M ass
at a
a +
m m
10 0 0
10 0 0
le f t B
,
400
fr o m l e f t ha n d (L H ) be a r i n g
4 00
6 00
m m
m m
i g h t ha n d b e a r i n g (F i g u r e 6 I )
b
t'
a +
600
x
10 0 0
6 16 85
at
n c
in g
m a qs e s
m a s se s
o r
an
Or
3 70 ! N
R.
R.
RA
ax
im
Or
B Af
B e n din
g
str e ss
50
sha
fi d i e m
ete r
] 4 8 04
(50 )
Tt X
Ca
10 ' N n m
32 B h f
32
o r
3 70 1 4 0 0
m m
l\ n ln
(iii)
48 0 t
Tt
he r e d
3 70 I
is g iv e n b
y
c'h
I nt mt l uc t i nn t o
6 16 8 5
2 4 6 74 N
BM
um
c rb
12 0 6 N l m
1O
11
se
ass a
t the
c en
tre
spa n
t B
50 0
m m
J U= 4 2 5 N
F
lv i a x l m u m
t $M
308 42 5
50 0
15 4 2 1 3
10
m m
32 B M
( Sh
1t
32
15 4 2
c rb
o r
(5 0 )
17 3 5 N / m
I0
6 3 B A L A N C I N G O F A SI N G L E R E V O L V I N G M A S S
B a la n
c in
r e a c t io n
m e tho
a p r o c e s s o f t h e r e d i s t r ib u t i o n o f t h e m a s s i n t h e s y s t e m s u c h t h a t t h e
h
a t t e be a r i n g s a r e w it h i n t h e t o l e r a b l e l i m it s o f t h e b e a r i n g s T h e r e a r e t w
g is
hie v in g t h is
ac
Sy s t e m M
tho d
T he
f fe c ts
ds
br o u ght
ou
an o
ff
ax
is
o r e c c e n t r ic m a s s c o n n e c t e
t a b o v e , h a s t o b e n u l l iti e d O n e s im p le w
i s by a t t a c h i n g a n o t h e r m a s s M r a t
F igu r e 6 2 T h e s ha f t is r o t a t in g a t
a ra
d iu s
an an
r l
gu l a r
ex ac
d to
a r o t at in
a y by
t ly
sp e e d o
g sha ft,
h i c h t h i s is
p p o s i te t o M
o)
'
rl
M1
M1
F ig u r e 6 2
B a la n c in g
Si n g l e R e v o l v i n g M
a ss :
Sy s t e m M
etho
a c h ie v e d
a s sho w n
as
in
n c
ing
lo
t io n
c a
SA
In p r a c t ic
a m
w e n ev
e r a im
t h c P e r ri
:c t hn l
an
in g
I hc
m ac
h in e
o r thc c n m
W ha t do
yo
(b )
W ha t do
yo
(c )
W h!
u 1110 a 11
hv
u 111 u a 11
hy ba la n
ll t hc
ta t in
ro
u n
ha ln n
L c
H \ 1t
in g
hy i\ i i t lt l L l o !
'
s! stc ln s u r
c
h a ln ii c e d
ilo t
'
p le 6 2
In E x
am
ba la n
c e
p l e 6 1 fi n d w h a t w e i g h t o f t h e b a l a n c i n g m a s s w i l l a c h i e v
i f t h e b a l a n c i n g m a s s h a s i t s c e n t r e o f r a v it a t a d i s t a n c e
y
g
t he a x is o
Ex
So lu t i o
ro
t at io n
W ill this be tr u
fo
b o t h p o s it i o
n s o
f d ist u r b in g
p le t e
f 7 5 m m fr o
c o m
m a ss
in
p le 6 1
a m
se
( E q ( 18 5 )
25
it h M
5
25
M I
S in
c e
t he Eq
(6
d ist u r b in g m a s s
m a s s is sa m e a s
25 kg,
5 ) i s in d e p e n de n t
n o
t a
f fe c t t he
(i ) f o
at Eq
7 5
m m
lb b / kg
7 5
i ll
m m
7 5
f dist a n
m a
at a
g t h e s h a f t t h e p o s it i o n o f
f b a la n c in g m a s s So b a l a n c in g
o r M i n t h e c e n t r e o f th e s pa n
c e a lo n
g n it u de o
400 m m
6 5 E X T E R N A L B A L A N C I N G O F SI N G L E
R E V O L V I N G M A SS
d t o t h e s h a f t a t r a d iu s r c a u s e s t h e u n b a l a n c e
Wz at
fo r c e
e a c t io n s a t t he s u p p o r t H o w e v e r i f t w o m a s s e s W r a t r a d i u s r i a n d
l
h
l
l
o
i
s
t
e
n
a
i
h
a
n
e
l
i
a
a
f
m
x
t
h
t
e
t
e
s
a
r e spe c v e y n
r a d i u s r 2 a r e a t ta c he d t o the s a
p
ba l a n c in g o f f o r c e d u e t o r o t a t i o n o f W c a n b e a c h i e v e d T h e c o n d it i o n o f b a l a n c e i n
T he
s in
g le
an d r
r e v o lv
in g
m ass
co nn ecte
as
s ho w
in F igu r e 6 l * w i l l be
W
2
r
T h e be n d i n g
m o m en ts
W
oa
(.
2r b=
g
a
a l
bt
a 2 an
d b2
&
a , +
a r e sho w n
72
du e t o t he fo r c e s du e t o
r o t a t in
m a sse s w
72 a 2
(.
j bl
in Figu r e 6 4
E
g
O)
b2
il l b e ba l a n
ced
lr
n l
lu c tin
I\
p t )n e n t
1
(a )
Ex
if
c ase
la
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to
in g
tn l
hn lnH c
lu
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in g
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th ik
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T hu
()
I LI c i s 5
l e n gt h
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iuc
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ttu r
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nt
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rs
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r e
6 7
(h )
Ex
a m
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ir
Se v
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l M
a sses
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Tln
r a n sv c r s e
n c
p le 6 4
Fo u
r n i a sses
I V]
an
d ll' 4
t r
d ii
pm , f in d w h a t
t h 1f a m a s s t o
the sha ft r o t a t e s at 500 r

w
hat
a n
So lu t io
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o m
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{i
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f 200
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F ig u
ight
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an
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f r o m h o r i z o n t a l l in e a s
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u
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1V 2
an
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}y ;
F igu
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2 25
1V2
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T3
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l4
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10
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b a la n
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r
r
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t a t io
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7 75
10
sho w s th e o r ie n
6 7
re
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6 8 (b ) F r o m t h e p o l y g o n
o n is sh o w n in F i gu r e
p o ly g
5
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at an an
gl e
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68
F igu
r e
fo r Ex
am
pl e 6 4
z l 2
a ta
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un
c e
d fo
r c e
(D
10
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r a
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10 5 N
h i c h b a la n c i n
g
m ass
7 75
7 75
10
m m
10
is p la c e d i s 2 0 0
200
Al t er nat i ve m
fi n d t h e i r
lta
r e su
3875 N
th o d is t o r e s o l v e W r a lo
(H )
(2
25
2 625
c o s
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1 856
3 6765
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W)
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10
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75
2 4
c o s
12 0 ) 1 0
5
) 10
lw
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2 4
(V )
8 3]
ta n
1 2 0 ) 10
sin
(v 1 :
Ta n
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617
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75
co s
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45 + 3
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g h o r iz
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Do w n w a r d a s s h o w n b y b r o k e n
ba l a n c in g m a s s w i l l be p la c e d o pp o s it e t o it , i e
l T h e c a lc u l a t e d v a lu e o f the
l i n e i n F i g u r e 18 7 (a ) 2 0 7 5 i s t h e m e a s u r e d a n g e
208 3
617
90
a n g le is 360
N
o te tha
t W
r e s u lta n
is the
u n
ba la n
ce
fo
rce w
h ic h
ill
ac
Co
pa
r e
t he V a lu
es
F r o m p o ly g o n
Fr o m
c o n s t mn c t i o n
7 75 ,
7 7 6,
2 07 5
c a lc u la t io n
208 3
6 8 B A L A N C I N G O F S E V E R A L M A S SE S I N
D I F F E R E N T T R A N SV E R SE P L A N E S
.
T o be g in
it h
m a s s es r o ta t in
c e n te r s o
w e w
ill
t he p la n e s in
g in t h e s e p l a n e s
f g r a v i ty l i e *
n am e
hic h
a r e r e s p e c t i v e ly
o m ax is o
r o ta ti o n
m a s se s r e v o lv e as
. .
i y b, ry ,
in t he s e pl an e s
an
A B C
,
d i vu T h e
ra
an
d D T he
di i at
a r e r e spe c t iv e ly r
r b, r
hic h
c
an
r 1
T he
a n g u la r
h a l a n c in
g m
be tw e e n C
s e
p la
ll e s
r a
a ss e s w
d D
a n
sa nt e
pa
tb
n c e s
111 a s s e s s
t a r t in g fr o m
a n
d B
3 and
ar e ct
b e tw
een
y T he
an
d B
an
e
i l l b c p l a c e d in t w o p l a n e s
a n d Al w h i c h a r
D ist a n c e b e tw e e n
p e c t iv e ly T h c F ig u r e 6 9 d e p i c t s th c s y s t e m
T he
r p l a n e s I I Jl C n n d D i s d e n o t e d b y / w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e s u f f i x
p la n e A f is d e n o te d by m
/
Re s
a n t i n n :V o
d is t a
t io n b e tw e e n
F ig l i
T he
m e tho
ppa
r a m a ss o
w e
p la
n e s
ba la n
b le
ta
p la
Fo
n e s
f /
a n
a n
(A
a n
d Af
fr
o m
g iv
e n
a s
tc
r e n
t ly
la
is
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i fu ga l fo
f t he ba l a n c i n g
dia gr a m
rc e
m a ss m ay a lso
i t h th e p o s i ti o n
(o r p r o d u c t
f the
s o
be
f t he
m ass an
ra
o bt a in ed
sev er a
diu s
gr a ph i c a l l y
m asses
r o tat io n
as
dis c u sse d bel o w
a s sh o w n
i n F i g (o )
) e x erted by
e a c h m a s s o n the
t a t i n g s h a fi
3 N o w d r a Lv t h e
ra
m ass m a
t c e n tr
hic h the
her e
1 Firs t
ro
r c e
ho d
m a gn itu
c in
h o r iz o n ta lly
rc e s
0 l h o t tz o n ta l c o m
u rn
sum
Gr a p h ic a l
am
sh a f t
ta n e
gr
tha t
ow
a n
t t h e c e n t r i fu g a
eac
kn
cl i a
tho
m e
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di i
v e c to r
r o tatio n
d ia gr a m
su c h tha t
it h th e
bta in e d
r epr e s e n t s
c e n tr
i f u g a l f o r c e s (o r t h e p r o d u c t
f th e
th e c e n t r i f u g a l f o r c e e x e r t e d b y t h e m a s s
m a sse s a n
m l
(o r
d th e i ,
m i n
) in
m a
il
lb r c c s
N o
dc
tl
as
tl
c tio n
d ir e
ly go
la
f fo
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i n F ig (b )
i n g fo
r c e
is
t h e ri
g n itu de
cu
Ba la
f Se v
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R P )
l r a n s fi
rr
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th c r e v o l v
d is t a n
m as ses
in g
the
cc n
T h e fo
T he
co u
c in
n es
p le s
u t i li e r e
f the
re
la tiv
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f th e p la n
fe r e n
rea
p la
ce
u r m asses m
ce
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as s
ho
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(lit )
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to
d it io n
p la n
p la n
b a la n
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/
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fere n
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l to th e
l to the pr
duc t
c en tr
i tte n a s
ifu ga l fo
f t h e Fo
f th e
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w r
7 he e ffec t o f
it
p e n d i c u la r t o
p le te b a la
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p la
ce
sev era
r ev o
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in g in p la n
es
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pla n
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as
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p le
2
m u st
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d tho
es
a r e
s e to
ta
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en
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z ero
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ces o
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igh t
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in
as sho w n
Th
e m a
C e n t ,f o r e t
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o s
th e
itiv
sa m e
o r
pla n
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to the
le ft
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de r in
Pla
n e
Ze
fr om
ce
L ( 1)
(n
'
45 1
rN
gn i t u d e
ll the
as
ly
[F i g (b)]
d be lo w
sse
(R P ) T hc d ist a n
f4
d th e
z ero
fl
f3
rc e o
rc e an
a n
tio n
ta tio n
ro
fe r e n
r e
m a
gn it u d e
Th e r e s u l t a n t c o u
63 )
l 4 ' 4
r o t a t io n
m a ss e s a r e sho w n
m a
Ra d b t s { r )
t r i r Lr g
c e n
i gh t
/3
/ rz
r r e
rder to ha v
i n T a b le 2 ] 1 T hc p la n
Ar
:u u
.
(11
e se n
pr
t is f i e d :
Th e
is
the ax
m 4 r e v o lv
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de d
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ce
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c o u
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an
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ite dir
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pp
r e
rc e
I P' 2 R z
is to
be
n s o
es
thc
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in
d de to
a n
t a giv en r
ifu ga l fo
m a
ith
ce
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po in t o
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re e
1 P1 1 I 1
t he y
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t b a lan c e
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4 r \
t Pla n e s
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ide
bc
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y be
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f r o m l e ft t o
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id e r fo
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re
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le
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to a r e fe r e n c e
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in g t w
lo
p a s s in g th r o u gh
p la n e )
r o ta t i o n
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bo
co n s
the r e
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m a sse s m L a n
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o
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6
d d ir e c tio
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3
m
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ve
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m l
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es o
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m a sse s
C+
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C\ *
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CM
Fc
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(d ) C o u p l e
to r
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v e cto rs
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t:
k w is e t hr o
c o u n t e r c lo c
( e ) C o l l p l e p cr l y g o
u ) Fo
po l
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y go
gh
a r igh t a n gle
c o u
p le
trr a
t r a n s fe r r i n g
p c rp e m
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to
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ce
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er
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Th c
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to
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p le C r in tr o u
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rs
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ro
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Fig 2 1 7
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n
an
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ide
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ly
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v e
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e o
2 1 7 (C) Si m il a r l y
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ide
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Om
t f}e
the
d Om
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im
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pr
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a s s ho w n
re
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to
l
p er pe n dic u a r
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gh O is pro po
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Om
lle l to
ds fo
e th r o u
w n
ils
OC
ara
ho
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O Cz
ren cc
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t hc
O Cl is p
o u
fc
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f d r a w in g
t il e v c e t o t
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p le
cc
thc v e c to r
r a
thc
la r t o
r
T hc
d ic u la
p
b c r e p r e s en te
m v
RM
At
v ec to r
d2
r e pr e se n ts
the
ba la n
c ed
th e r e fo r e
v e c to r eo
Fr o
in c lin a tio n
this ex
< f th is
o
h
p r e ssi o n t e
m ass w
IL
v a lu e o
f the ba la n c in g
ith the h o r iz o n ta l
v e ct o r eo
m ay
be
or
m ass m L
m easu r ed
i n th e pla n
f r o m F i g (b )
m ay
be
b ta in e d
an
d th e
an
gl e

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UN IT 6

the sha ft r o t a t e s at 500 r

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